i

Proposed in 1908 as part of the new Latvian spelling by the scientific commission headed by K. Mīlenbahs, which was accepted and began to be taught in schools in 1909. Prior to that, Latvian had been written in German Fraktur, and sporadically in Cyrillic.

The name of the Latin-script letter I/i.


pants

pants (nominative singular)
panti (nominative plural)
panta (genitive singular)
pantu (genitive plural)
pantam (dative singular)
pantiem (dative plural)
pantu (accusative singular)
pantus (accusative plural)
pantu (instrumental singular)
pantiem (instrumental plural)
pantā (locative singular)
pantos (locative plural)
pant (singular vocative)
panti (plural vocative)

(law) paragraph, article, clause (section of legal document)


gans

lv-noun

gans m (1st declension, feminine form: gane)

gane (feminine)
gans (nominative singular)
gani (nominative plural)
gana (genitive singular)
ganu (genitive plural)
ganam (dative singular)
ganiem (dative plural)
ganu (accusative singular)
ganus (accusative plural)
ganu (instrumental singular)
ganiem (instrumental plural)
ganā (locative singular)
ganos (locative plural)
gan (singular vocative)
gani (plural vocative)


delta

delta (nominative singular)
deltas (nominative plural)
deltas (genitive singular)
deltu (genitive plural)
deltai (dative singular)
deltām (dative plural)
deltu (accusative singular)
deltas (accusative plural)
deltu (instrumental singular)
deltām (instrumental plural)
deltā (locative singular)
deltās (locative plural)
delta (singular vocative)
deltas (plural vocative)


ola

ola (nominative singular)
olas (nominative plural)
olas (genitive singular)
olu (genitive plural)
olai (dative singular)
olām (dative plural)
olu (accusative singular)
olas (accusative plural)
olu (instrumental singular)
olām (instrumental plural)
olā (locative singular)
olās (locative plural)
ola (singular vocative)
olas (plural vocative)

From a previous Proto-Baltic neuter noun *wuolan, from Proto-Baltic *wuol-, from Proto-Indo-European *wēl-, *wōl-, the lengthened grade of the stem *wel- (“to turn, to roll, to wind”), whence also velt (“to roll, to trundle”). The original meaning was therefore “something that turns, rolls”, still visible in the dialectal verb olāt (“to roll, to trundle”), and in the standard Latvian term olis (“round pebble”), dialectally also ola. It is possible that Proto-Indo-European *h₂ōwyóm (“egg”), which would have become *wowan in Proto-Baltic, may have influenced the development of *wuolan into ola. A synonym term pauts was used alongside ola until the beginning of the 20th century, when ola became dominant and replaced it. Cognates include Lithuanian uolà (“cliff, rock”).

vistu olas

zivju olas

olas čaumala

olas baltums, dzeltenums

dēt olas

rāpuļu olas pēc savas uzbūves atgādina putnu olas

reptile eggs, by their structure, are similar to bird eggs

olas vidū ir liels, barības vielām bagāts dzeltenums, kuram apkārt ir olbaltuma slānis

in the middle of the egg there is a big yolk rich in nutrients, surrounded by a protein layer

zivis vairojas ar olām jeb ikriem

the fish reproduce with eggs, also called “ikri”

odu mātītes olas dēj uz ūdens virsmas

female mosquitoes lay eggs on water surfaces

egg (reproductive cell, wrapped in a shell, where the embryo of certain animal species develops)

cieti, mīksti vārīta ola

cieta, mīksta ola

nolobīt olu

jēla ola

raw egg (also: unexperienced, naive person)

cepta ola

pildīta ola

olu kultenis

izdzert olu

to drink an egg (= to suck the liquid through a hole on the eggshell)

Lieldienu ola

Easter egg (painted egg, part of the celebration of Easter)

mums, kā vistu neturēja, tā olu pašiem nebija

since we didn't keep hens, we didn't have eggs

egg (said reproductive cell, usually from birds, used as food)


maize

maize (nominative singular)
maizes (nominative plural)
maizes (genitive singular)
maižu (genitive plural)
maizei (dative singular)
maizēm (dative plural)
maizi (accusative singular)
maizes (accusative plural)
maizi (instrumental singular)
maizēm (instrumental plural)
maizē (locative singular)
maizēs (locative plural)
maize (singular vocative)
maizes (plural vocative)

From Proto-Baltic *maiž-, an ablaut variant of *miež- (whence Latvian mieži (“barley”)), from Proto-Indo-European *meyǵ-, probably from the stem *h₂meh₁- (“to cut; to mow”) modified into *mey-, and with an added element *ǵ (whence Proto-Baltic *ž, whence Latvian z). Cognates include Old Prussian mayse (“barley”) (misspelled as wayse in the 16th-century source), Old Iranian *maiz- "to sow".

mīcīt maizi

maize rūgst


Ezra

Ezra (nominative singular)
Ezras (nominative plural)
Ezras (genitive singular)
Ezru (genitive plural)
Ezrai (dative singular)
Ezrām (dative plural)
Ezru (accusative singular)
Ezras (accusative plural)
Ezru (instrumental singular)
Ezrām (instrumental plural)
Ezrā (locative singular)
Ezrās (locative plural)
Ezra (singular vocative)
Ezras (plural vocative)


kija

kija (nominative singular)
kijas (nominative plural)
kijas (genitive singular)
kiju (genitive plural)
kijai (dative singular)
kijām (dative plural)
kiju (accusative singular)
kijas (accusative plural)
kiju (instrumental singular)
kijām (instrumental plural)
kijā (locative singular)
kijās (locative plural)
kija (singular vocative)
kijas (plural vocative)

zāles galā atrodu biljarda galdu un ņemu rokā kiju

at the end of the room I find the billiard table and I take the cue in my hand(s)

pusdienas pārtraukumā viens otrs... pacilāja novusa kiju

during the lunch break... one or the other lifted the novuss cue

(sports, billiards, snooker) cue (long stick with a pointy end used in certain games, especially pool or billiards)


turks

turks m (1st declension, feminine form: turciete)

turciete (feminine)
turks (nominative singular)
turki (nominative plural)
turka (genitive singular)
turku (genitive plural)
turkam (dative singular)
turkiem (dative plural)
turku (accusative singular)
turkus (accusative plural)
turku (instrumental singular)
turkiem (instrumental plural)
turkā (locative singular)
turkos (locative plural)
turk (singular vocative)
turki (plural vocative)

Via various European languages, ultimately from Turkish Türk (“Turk”), of unknown origin.

kā Otello sodīja to turku, kas bija noziedzies pret Venēciju, tāpat viņš soda sevi

as Othello pusnished the Turk who had offended Venice, he also punished himself

mana vectēva jaunākais brālis Juris ilgus gadus dienējis zaldātos, karojis ar turkiem

my grandfather's younger brother Juris served as a soldier for many years, he fought the Turks

a Turk, a Turkish man, a man from Turkey or of Turkish descent


ala

ala (nominative singular)
alas (nominative plural)
alas (genitive singular)
alu (genitive plural)
alai (dative singular)
alām (dative plural)
alu (accusative singular)
alas (accusative plural)
alu (instrumental singular)
alām (instrumental plural)
alā (locative singular)
alās (locative plural)
ala (singular vocative)
alas (plural vocative)

The usual theory considers ala to be borrowed from Middle Low German hol (“depth, hole, cave”), from Old Saxon hol, or maybe from the same form in Middle Dutch or German Low German (East Frisian); cf. German Höhle (“cave”), all from Proto-West Germanic *hol.
A different view suggests that ala could also be a reflex of an old Proto-Indo-European stem *h₁el-, *ol-, *al- (“to flow, to drain”) with various Baltic reflexes: dialectal alots, alogs, standard avots (“(water) source”), alksna, aluksna (“miry, swampy place”) (cf. place names like Alūksne, Alūkstes), Lithuanian alė́ti (“to flow, to drip”). The original meaning of ala would thus have been “(water) source”, from which “place (e.g., cave, rift, pit) from which water springs,” and finally simply “cave,” possibly under the influence of the aforementioned Germanic words.

bor

klinšu alas

pazemes ala

alu labirinti

alu cilvēks

alu zīmējumi

Abhāzijā atrodas ala, kuras labirinti ir vairāk nekā trīs kilometrus gari

in Abkhazia there is a cave with labyrinths longer than three kilometers

cave (space or cavity formed underground, especially between rocks, or in the face of a cliff or hillside)


mačka

mačka (nominative singular)
mačkas (nominative plural)
mačkas (genitive singular)
mačku (genitive plural)
mačkai (dative singular)
mačkām (dative plural)
mačku (accusative singular)
mačkas (accusative plural)
mačku (instrumental singular)
mačkām (instrumental plural)
mačkā (locative singular)
mačkās (locative plural)
mačka (singular vocative)
mačkas (plural vocative)


bole

bole (nominative singular)
boles (nominative plural)
boles (genitive singular)
boļu (genitive plural)
bolei (dative singular)
bolēm (dative plural)
boli (accusative singular)
boles (accusative plural)
boli (instrumental singular)
bolēm (instrumental plural)
bolē (locative singular)
bolēs (locative plural)
bole (singular vocative)
boles (plural vocative)

From English bowl, probably via German Bowle. Alternative historical forms: bols. First attested use to mean a bowl for making punch – 1880. First attested use to refer to the beverage itself – 1886.

zemeņu bole – strawberry punch

boles trauks – punch bowl

punch (drink made of wine, diluted with juices, syrups and fruit, often with added cognac or rhum)


pica

pica (nominative singular)
picas (nominative plural)
picas (genitive singular)
picu (genitive plural)
picai (dative singular)
picām (dative plural)
picu (accusative singular)
picas (accusative plural)
picu (instrumental singular)
picām (instrumental plural)
picā (locative singular)
picās (locative plural)
pica (singular vocative)
picas (plural vocative)


imperatore

lv-noun

imperatore f (5th declension, masculine form: imperators)

imperators (masculine)
imperatore (nominative singular)
imperatores (nominative plural)
imperatores (genitive singular)
imperatoru (genitive plural)
imperatorei (dative singular)
imperatorēm (dative plural)
imperatori (accusative singular)
imperatores (accusative plural)
imperatori (instrumental singular)
imperatorēm (instrumental plural)
imperatorē (locative singular)
imperatorēs (locative plural)
imperatore (singular vocative)
imperatores (plural vocative)

From imperators (“emperor”) + -e (“fem.”).

imperatore Teodora

Elizabete I valdīja Krievijas impērijā kā imperatore laikā no 1741. līdz 1762. gadam

Elizabeth I ruled as empress in the Russian Empire from 1741 to 1762

empress (female ruler of an empire; her title)


svastika

svastika (nominative singular)
svastikas (nominative plural)
svastikas (genitive singular)
svastiku (genitive plural)
svastikai (dative singular)
svastikām (dative plural)
svastiku (accusative singular)
svastikas (accusative plural)
svastiku (instrumental singular)
svastikām (instrumental plural)
svastikā (locative singular)
svastikās (locative plural)
svastika (singular vocative)
svastikas (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Sanskrit स्वस्तिक (svastika).

swastika (old religious symbol, later co-opted by the German Nazi party)


orientēšanās sports

orientēšanās sports (nominative singular)
orientēšanās sporta (genitive singular)
orientēšanās sportam (dative singular)
orientēšanās sportu (accusative singular)
orientēšanās sportu (instrumental singular)
orientēšanās sportā (locative singular)
orientēšanās sport (singular vocative)

orienteering (racing through unfamiliar countryside with map and compass)


cars

cars m (1st declension, feminine form: cariene)

cariene (feminine)
cars (nominative singular)
cari (nominative plural)
cara (genitive singular)
caru (genitive plural)
caram (dative singular)
cariem (dative plural)
caru (accusative singular)
carus (accusative plural)
caru (instrumental singular)
cariem (instrumental plural)
carā (locative singular)
caros (locative plural)
car (singular vocative)
cari (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Russian царь (carʹ, “tsar”), itself a borrowing, ultimately from Latin Caesar; cf. the parallel form ķeizars (“emperor”).

cars Pēteris Lielais

cara valdība, monarhija

cara galms

cara tronis

cara laikā

tsar (male monarch of the Russian empire (especially before 1721); his title)


polis

polis m (2nd declension, feminine form: poliete)

poliete (feminine)
polis (nominative singular)
poļi (nominative plural)
poļa (genitive singular)
poļu (genitive plural)
polim (dative singular)
poļiem (dative plural)
poli (accusative singular)
poļus (accusative plural)
poli (instrumental singular)
poļiem (instrumental plural)
polī (locative singular)
poļos (locative plural)
poli (singular vocative)
poļi (plural vocative)

Ultimately from Polish polak, Russian поля́к (polják) (under the influence of Old High German pōl — cf. German, English Pole — and perhaps also of Latvian dialectal bolis, polis (“ox without horns”)), itself derived from Polish pole (“field”), perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *pel- (“light (color), gray”).

cog

pēc Livonijas kara poļi ieguva Vidzemi un Latgali

after the Livonian War the Poles obtained Vidzeme and Latgale

a Pole, a Polish man, a man born in Poland

poļu valoda

poļu māksla

(genitive plural) Polish; pertaining to Poland and its people


administrators

lv-noun

administrators m (1st declension, feminine form: administratore)

administratore (feminine)
administrators (nominative singular)
administratori (nominative plural)
administratora (genitive singular)
administratoru (genitive plural)
administratoram (dative singular)
administratoriem (dative plural)
administratoru (accusative singular)
administratorus (accusative plural)
administratoru (instrumental singular)
administratoriem (instrumental plural)
administratorā (locative singular)
administratoros (locative plural)
administrator (singular vocative)
administratori (plural vocative)

Via other European languages, ultimately borrowed from Latin administrātor, a nominalized form of the verb administrō (“to attend upon, to assist”), i.e. “he who assists, attends upon.”

teātra administrators

cirka administrators

administratora talants

atcerējos, ka vienai manai institūta biedrenei ir pazīstams filharmonijas administrators

I remembered that one of my female colleagues at the Institute knows the manager of the philharmonic

(male) administrator, manager (male official who performs certain tasks pertaining to the organization and functioning of an institution)


austere

austere (nominative singular)
austeres (nominative plural)
austeres (genitive singular)
austeru (genitive plural)
austerei (dative singular)
austerēm (dative plural)
austeri (accusative singular)
austeres (accusative plural)
austeri (instrumental singular)
austerēm (instrumental plural)
austerē (locative singular)
austerēs (locative plural)
austere (singular vocative)
austeres (plural vocative)

Perhaps related to Ancient Greek ὄστρεον (óstreon).

austeru zveja

rīt austeres

austeru lasītāji un lasītājas tur brida kailām kājām

male and female oyster collectors were wading there (= in shallow water) barefoot

oyster (certain edible bivalve mollusks of the order Ostreida)


java

java (nominative singular)
javas (nominative plural)
javas (genitive singular)
javu (genitive plural)
javai (dative singular)
javām (dative plural)
javu (accusative singular)
javas (accusative plural)
javu (instrumental singular)
javām (instrumental plural)
javā (locative singular)
javās (locative plural)
java (singular vocative)
javas (plural vocative)

(construction) mortar (building material)


alus

alus (nominative singular)
alus (genitive singular)
alum (dative singular)
alu (accusative singular)
alu (instrumental singular)
alū (locative singular)
alus (singular vocative)

From Proto-Baltic *álu, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂elut- (“bitter”). A minority view considers the Latvian and Lithuanian terms to be ultimately borrowings from Germanic, via Old Prussian. Cognates include Lithuanian alùs, Old Prussian alu (“honey drink”), Old East Slavic олъ (olŭ, “strong drink”), Bulgarian олови́на (olovína, “beer yeast”), Slovene ôl (“beer”)|ol, Old English ealu, alu, English ale, Old Norse ǫl (“beer; feast”), Ancient Greek ἀλύδοιμος (alúdoimos, “bitter”).

cog

gaišais alus

tumšais alus

mājas alus

amatnieku alus

medalus

alus muca

alus kauss

alus darītava

brewery (literally, “beer making place”)

alus rūpniecība

darīt, vārīt alu

to make (literally, “to do”), to brew (literally, “to boil”) beer

Jāņiem tika brūvēts alus, un nu staigāja no mutes uz muti liela, zaļa māla krūze, putām pārsegta, rūgteni smaržīga dzēriena pilna

in midsummer beer was brewed, and then a big, green clay jug went from mouth to mouth, covered with foam and full of (that) bitter, aromatic drink

beer (alcoholic beverage usually made with barley malt and hops)


desa

desa (nominative singular)
desas (nominative plural)
desas (genitive singular)
desu (genitive plural)
desai (dative singular)
desām (dative plural)
desu (accusative singular)
desas (accusative plural)
desu (instrumental singular)
desām (instrumental plural)
desā (locative singular)
desās (locative plural)
desa (singular vocative)
desas (plural vocative)

From Proto-Baltic *deš-, from Proto-Indo-European *deḱ- (“to cut, to sever, to split into fibers”). A minority opinion derives desa from a different stem *deḱ- (“to remove, to take out”). Cognates include Lithuanian dešrà, dialectal dešerà, Gothic 𐍄𐌰𐌲𐌻 (tagl, “hair”), Old Norse tagl (“horsehair”), Old High German zagal (“tail, rod”), Old English tægl (“tail”), English tail, Sanskrit देशा (deśā, “fringe of cloth; lamp wick”).

cog

cūkgaļas desa

aknu desa

žāvētās desas

desās pārstrādā gaļu un iekšējos orgānus

one processes meat and internal organs into sausages

brālis skubināja, lai pamērcējot desu sinepēs

the brother urged for the sausage to be seasoned in mustard

sausage (meat product made of ground meat and seasonings stuffed into an animal's intestine or some similar cylindrical material)


disks

disks (nominative singular)
diski (nominative plural)
diska (genitive singular)
disku (genitive plural)
diskam (dative singular)
diskiem (dative plural)
disku (accusative singular)
diskus (accusative plural)
disku (instrumental singular)
diskiem (instrumental plural)
diskā (locative singular)
diskos (locative plural)
disk (singular vocative)
diski (plural vocative)

diska mešana


tante

lv-noun

tante f (5th declension, masculine form: tēvocis)

tante (canonical feminine)
onkulis (canonical)
tēvocis (masculine)
tante (nominative singular)
tantes (nominative plural)
tantes (genitive singular)
tanšu (genitive plural)
tantei (dative singular)
tantēm (dative plural)
tanti (accusative singular)
tantes (accusative plural)
tanti (instrumental singular)
tantēm (instrumental plural)
tantē (locative singular)
tantēs (locative plural)
tante (singular vocative)
tantes (plural vocative)

Borrowed from German Tante (“aunt”), itself a borrowing from French tante (“aunt”). This borrowing was first mentioned in 18th-century Latvian texts.

dzīvot pie tantes

tante Betsija

aunt (father's sister or mother's sister; father's brother's wife or mother's brother's wife)

Peterēna vienaudži mani jau uzrunā par tanti

Peterēns (= Little Peter)'s friends called me aunt

atbrauca inspektors un viena tante no arodbiedrības, veca meita

the inspector came with an aunt from the trade union, an old girl

aunt (a grown woman, in relation to a child, even if not the child's real aunt)


sports

sports (nominative singular)
sporta (genitive singular)
sportam (dative singular)
sportu (accusative singular)
sportu (instrumental singular)
sportā (locative singular)
sport (singular vocative)

Probably via other European languages, ultimately borrowed from English sport.

sēņošana viņam ir sports


balti

balti noberzts galds


lode

lode (nominative singular)
lodes (nominative plural)
lodes (genitive singular)
ložu (genitive plural)
lodei (dative singular)
lodēm (dative plural)
lodi (accusative singular)
lodes (accusative plural)
lodi (instrumental singular)
lodēm (instrumental plural)
lodē (locative singular)
lodēs (locative plural)
lode (singular vocative)
lodes (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Middle Low German lode (“piece of lead (used as weight), plummet”), or perhaps from an East Frisian word (compare Saterland Frisian Lood) or Middle Dutch lood, which all had the same meaning (compare German Lot (“plummet, solder”)), itself a borrowing from Celtic (originally meaning “easily melting metal”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *plewd- (“to flow”), whence also Latvian plūst (“to stream, to flow”). This borrowing is first attested in 17th-century dictionaries.

bor

zemes lode, zemeslode

koka, dzelzs lode

grūst lodi

object with spherical form; (sports) ball


students

lv-noun

students m (1st declension, feminine form: studente)

studente (feminine)
students (nominative singular)
studenti (nominative plural)
studenta (genitive singular)
studentu (genitive plural)
studentam (dative singular)
studentiem (dative plural)
studentu (accusative singular)
studentus (accusative plural)
studentu (instrumental singular)
studentiem (instrumental plural)
studentā (locative singular)
studentos (locative plural)
student (singular vocative)
studenti (plural vocative)

student (a person studying at a higher, less often secondary, education institution)


Marta

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in 1591. Cognate to English Martha.


deja

deja (nominative singular)
dejas (nominative plural)
dejas (genitive singular)
deju (genitive plural)
dejai (dative singular)
dejām (dative plural)
deju (accusative singular)
dejas (accusative plural)
deju (instrumental singular)
dejām (instrumental plural)
dejā (locative singular)
dejās (locative plural)
deja (singular vocative)
dejas (plural vocative)

Formed from the stem of dejot (“to dance”), by analogy with iet (“to go”) : eja (“(act of) going”).

baletas deja

dejas teorija

dejā varbūt vairāk nekā jebkurā citā mākslas veidā mūs aizrauj meistarība

in dance, perhaps more than in any other form of art, we are captivated by workmanship

neviens, kas pats nedejo, nevar iedomāties, cik dejas māksla ir smags darbs

no one who does not himself dance can imagine how much heavy work the art of dance is

(usually singular) dance (form of art expressed via harmonious, rhythmic body movements)

sena, moderna deja

tautas deja

aicināt uz deju

pēc koncerta bija dejas

aicināt uz dejām klubā

dejas solis

deju stundas

deju vakars

deju konkurss

deju kolektīvs

deju dziesma, mūzika

galvenā deja ir valsis; kas to prot, iemācās ātri citas

the main dance is waltz; he who knows it quickly learns others

dance (a performance of this type of art, for aesthetic pleasure or simple enjoyment)

odu, tauriņu deja

ārā ir tumšs, kauc vējš, pārslas griežas trakā dejā

it is dark outside, the wind is howling, the (snow)flakes turn around in a crazy dance

(figuratively) dance (complex, rhythmic movement of small objects or insects)

atskaņot deju

deju orķestris

visiem komponista deju žanra darbiem ir virtuozs raksturs, tā nav sadzīves, bet koncertmūzika

all of the composer's works in the dance genre have virtuoso traits, it is not everyday (music), it is concert music


papīrs

papīrs (nominative singular)
papīri (nominative plural)
papīra (genitive singular)
papīru (genitive plural)
papīram (dative singular)
papīriem (dative plural)
papīru (accusative singular)
papīrus (accusative plural)
papīru (instrumental singular)
papīriem (instrumental plural)
papīrā (locative singular)
papīros (locative plural)
papīr (singular vocative)
papīri (plural vocative)

ietinamais papīrs

kopēšanas papīrs

zīmēšanas papīrs

balts, krāsains paprīs

vēstuļu papīrs

lakmusa papīrs

tualetes papīrs

papīras salvetes, papīras maiss

gaismas jūtīgs / gaismjūtīgs papīrs

papīra rūpniecība

(chiefly in the singular) paper (material for writing, printing, wrapping)


siers

siers (nominative singular)
sieri (nominative plural)
siera (genitive singular)
sieru (genitive plural)
sieram (dative singular)
sieriem (dative plural)
sieru (accusative singular)
sierus (accusative plural)
sieru (instrumental singular)
sieriem (instrumental plural)
sierā (locative singular)
sieros (locative plural)
sier (singular vocative)
sieri (plural vocative)

From the same stem as the adjective sūrs (“bitter”) (q.v.), from which it is ultimately derived, in the (older) form *sūris or *sūrs, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *sū́ˀras; the original meaning was thus “bitter (one)”.
The vowel was later changed under the influence of the common expression siet sieru “to make (lit. tie, bind) cheese”. Cognates include Lithuanian sū́ris, Old Prussian suris (sūris), sur (sūr), Russian, Belarusian сыр (syr), Ukrainian сир (syr), Bulgarian си́рене (sírene), Czech sýr, Polish ser, Old Norse sýra (“sour milk”), Old High German, Old English sūr, German sauer, English sour.

siera salāti'

siera maizīte

siera radziņi

siera cepumi

siera sviestam patīkama garša un aromāts

cheese butter (has) pleasant taste and aroma

(in the genitive, used adjectivally) cheese; made of cheese; with added cheese


piens

piens (nominative singular)
pieni (nominative plural)
piena (genitive singular)
pienu (genitive plural)
pienam (dative singular)
pieniem (dative plural)
pienu (accusative singular)
pienus (accusative plural)
pienu (instrumental singular)
pieniem (instrumental plural)
pienā (locative singular)
pienos (locative plural)
pien (singular vocative)
pieni (plural vocative)

From Proto-Baltic *pā́ˀinas, from Proto-Indo-European *peynos, *poyHnos, from the stem *peyh₂- (“to be fat”) (perhaps from earlier “to swell”). The meaning evolved from “fat, swollen” to “(breasts) full of milk” and finally “milk”. There was an old Proto-Baltic verb *pīti (“to give milk”), from which comes dialectal Lithuanian pýti (“to give milk”); the corresponding Latvian term disappeared, perhaps because of homophony with pīt (“to braid, to weave”). Cognates include Lithuanian píenas (“milk”), Sanskrit पयते (páyate, “to swell, to be too full”), पयस् (páyas, “fluid, water, milk, rain”), Avestan 𐬞𐬌𐬞𐬌𐬌𐬏𐬱𐬌- (pipiiūši-, “having milk in her breasts”), Persian پینو (pinu, “buttermilk”), Middle Persian pēm (“milk”), Latin opīmus (“fat, plump; fruitful”).

cog

mātes piens, krūts piens

piena dziedzeri

govs, kazas, ķēves piens

piena ēdieni, produkti

piena kokteilis

piena saldējums

kafija ar pienu

pasterizēts piens

kondensēts piens

milk (nourishing liquid secreted by mammal females)


burts

burts (nominative singular)
burti (nominative plural)
burta (genitive singular)
burtu (genitive plural)
burtam (dative singular)
burtiem (dative plural)
burtu (accusative singular)
burtus (accusative plural)
burtu (instrumental singular)
burtiem (instrumental plural)
burtā (locative singular)
burtos (locative plural)
burt (singular vocative)
burti (plural vocative)

Originally the masculine past participle of the verb burt (“to conjure magic”) (q.v.). Just as burt originally meant “to carve (marks, on a tree),” burts was originally “mark(s) carved on a tree.” Cognates include Lithuanian bùrtas (“lot, (pl.) sorcery”).

lielais burts

mazais burts

rakstīts, drukāts burts

latīņu, gotu, grieķu burti

letter (graphic symbol that represents a sound in a language)

metāla, koka burti

burtu garnitūras

burtu liešana

(typography) type, font (typesetting printing unit; syn. burtstabiņš, litera)


Rute

Rute (nominative singular)
Rutes (nominative plural)
Rutes (genitive singular)
Rušu (genitive plural)
Rutei (dative singular)
Rutēm (dative plural)
Ruti (accusative singular)
Rutes (accusative plural)
Ruti (instrumental singular)
Rutēm (instrumental plural)
Rutē (locative singular)
Rutēs (locative plural)
Rute (singular vocative)
Rutes (plural vocative)

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in the end of the 19th century. From Hebrew.


barons

barons (nominative singular)
baroni (nominative plural)
barona (genitive singular)
baronu (genitive plural)
baronam (dative singular)
baroniem (dative plural)
baronu (accusative singular)
baronus (accusative plural)
baronu (instrumental singular)
baroniem (instrumental plural)
baronā (locative singular)
baronos (locative plural)
baron (singular vocative)
baroni (plural vocative)


medus

medus (nominative singular)
medus (genitive singular)
medum (dative singular)
medu (accusative singular)
medu (instrumental singular)
medū (locative singular)
medus (singular vocative)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *médu, from Proto-Indo-European *médʰu.

medus vārīšana


stops

stops (nominative singular)
stopi (nominative plural)
stopa (genitive singular)
stopu (genitive plural)
stopam (dative singular)
stopiem (dative plural)
stopu (accusative singular)
stopus (accusative plural)
stopu (instrumental singular)
stopiem (instrumental plural)
stopā (locative singular)
stopos (locative plural)
stop (singular vocative)
stopi (plural vocative)

From the same stem as the verb stiept (“to stretch, to pull”) (q.v.); the original meaning was probably “(something) stretched,” “(something) made tight by stretching.”

stopu gatavošana prasīja daudz darba un pacietības

the making of a crossbow demanded much work and patience

Griģis veikli rīkojās ar stopu, un viņa bultas droši skrēja mērķim pretī

Griģis quickly acted with (his) crossbow, and his arrows surely flew toward the goal

crossbow (an old mechanical weapon based on the bow and arrows, used to shoot bolts)


nazis

nazis (nominative singular)
naži (nominative plural)
naža (genitive singular)
nažu (genitive plural)
nazim (dative singular)
nažiem (dative plural)
nazi (accusative singular)
nažus (accusative plural)
nazi (instrumental singular)
nažiem (instrumental plural)
nazī (locative singular)
nažos (locative plural)
nazi (singular vocative)
naži (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Old East Slavic ножь (nožĭ, “knife”) (compare Russian нож (nož)). The word probably entered the language in the 13th century, and is attested in its modern form in dictionaries from the 17th century on.

bor+

ass, truls nazis

asināt nazi

akmens nazis

kabatas nazis

virtuves nazis

bārdas nazis

griezt ar nazi

knife (utensil or tool with a blade and a handle, designed for cutting)


karš

karš (nominative singular)
kari (nominative plural)
kara (genitive singular)
karu (genitive plural)
karam (dative singular)
kariem (dative plural)
karu (accusative singular)
karus (accusative plural)
karu (instrumental singular)
kariem (instrumental plural)
karā (locative singular)
karos (locative plural)
karš (singular vocative)
kari (plural vocative)

From Proto-Baltic *karyas, from Proto-Indo-European *koryos, from *ker-. Cognates include Lithuanian kãras, dialectal kãrias, Old Prussian kargis ([karjis], “troops, army”) (misspelled as kragis in the 16th-century text), karyago (“travels”) (i.e., “war path”), Middle Irish cuire (“army; troops”), Gothic 𐌷𐌰𐍂𐌾𐌹𐍃 (harjis), Old Norse herr, German Heer (“army”), Ancient Greek κοίρανος (koíranos, “leader, commander”) (< *koiros < *koryos).

cog

Pirmais pasaules karš

Otrais pasaules karš

aizstāvēšanās, uzbrukuma karš

agresīvs karš

taisnīgs karš

koloniālais karš

pilsoņu karš

nacionālās atbrīvošanās karš

partizānu karš

izsīkuma karš

krusta karš

karš pret iebrucējiem

ķīmiskais karš

bioloģiskais karš

bakterioloģiskais karš

kodoltermiskais karš

kara kurinātāji, kūrēji

izcēlās karš

kara sākums

pieteikt karu

uzvarēt karu, karā

zaudēt karu, karā

izbeigt karu

doties karā

atgriezties no kara

karš ir tās politikas turpinājums ar varmācības līdzekļiem, kuru piekopa karojošo lielvalstu valdošās šķiras jau ilgi pirms kara

war is the continuation, by means of violence, of policies which were practiced by the ruling classes of the warring countries long before the war

war (organized armed conflict between two or more countries, peoples, ethnic or social groups)

kara bēgli

kara veterāns

kara invalīds

kara stāvoklis

kara darbība

kara gājiens, karagājiens

kara lauks, karalauks

kara gūsteknis

kara noziedznieks

(in the genitive, used adjectivally) war; relating to war

jūras kara flote

kara rūpnīca

kara medicīnas dienests

kara hospitāls, ārsts

kara lidmašīna

kara dienests, karadienests

kara apgabals

kara skola, karaskola

kara akadēmija

kara zinātne

kara māksla, karamāksla

kara noslēpums

kara tribunāls

kara tiesa

kara bāze, osta

kara mūzika

kara klausība, karaklausība

kara kungs

military service
military service#English

(in the genitive, used adjectivally) war, military (relating to the armed forces or to military service)

aukstais karš

ideoloģiskais karš

ekonomiskais karš

jāpiesaka bargs karš pret māņticībām

it is necessary to declare harsh war against superstitions

(figuratively) war (serious conflict, struggle, fight, clash between enemies)

vārdu karš

aizmirsušies nemitīgie mājas kari par jaunām kleitām

they (had) forgotten the persistent domestic wars about new dresses

(figuratively) war (disagreement, dispute, quarrel)


sviests

sviests (nominative singular)
sviesti (nominative plural)
sviesta (genitive singular)
sviestu (genitive plural)
sviestam (dative singular)
sviestiem (dative plural)
sviestu (accusative singular)
sviestus (accusative plural)
sviestu (instrumental singular)
sviestiem (instrumental plural)
sviestā (locative singular)
sviestos (locative plural)
sviest (singular vocative)
sviesti (plural vocative)

Originally the (adjectival) past passive participle of an old verb *sviest (“to smear, to spread”) (cf. Lithuanian svíesti); the original meaning of sviests was thus “(something) smeared (on something else), (something) used for smearing”; cf. Russian ма́сло (máslo, “butter, oil”) and ма́зать (mázatʹ, “to smear, spread (oil)”), or Latin unguen (“fat, grease”) and unguō (“to smear, to anoint”). The verb *sviest would in turn come from *sviesti, from Proto-Baltic *swied-ti, from Proto-Indo-European *sweyd- (“to shine”) (whence also Latvian svīst (“to sweat; to steam; to dawn”) q.v.); its original meaning would have been “to make something shine” > “to smear with oil, so that it shines” > “to smear” (cf. its descendant svaidīt (“to anoint”), originally the iterative form of *sviest). Cognates include Lithuanian svíestas.
Alternatively, Pokorny considers this word and Lithuanian svíesti from Proto-Indo-European *ksweyd- (“milk”) (cf. Middle Indo-Aryan क्ष्विर (kṣvira), Avestan 𐬑𐬱𐬎𐬎𐬍𐬛 (xšuuīd)).

cog

krējuma sviests

skābkrējuma sviests

sūkalu sviests

svaigs sviests

nesalīts sviests

kausēts sviests

sviesta trauks

sautēt saknes sviestā

sviesta rūpniecība

kult sviestu

gaiteņa pustumsā viņai skrēja pretī sviestā ceptu pankūku smarža

in the darkness of the corridor the smell of pancakes fried in butter came (lit. ran) to her

butter (a dairy product, obtained from cream, with a high fat concentration)

sviesta cepumi

sviesta mīklu gatavo no sviesta, cukura, kviešu miltiem, nedaudz pievienojot olas

butter dough is made from butter, sugar, (and) wheat flour, adding a little egg (= one or two eggs)

(in the genitive, used adjectivally) butter; containing butter, made with butter

butter, spread (any food paste generally used as spread)


sviests

sviests (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
sviesti (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
sviesta (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
sviestas (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
sviesta (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
sviestu (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
sviestas (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
sviestu (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
sviestam (dative indefinite masculine singular)
sviestiem (dative indefinite masculine plural)
sviestai (dative feminine indefinite singular)
sviestām (dative feminine indefinite plural)
sviestu (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
sviestus (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
sviestu (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
sviestas (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
sviestu (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
sviestiem (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
sviestu (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
sviestām (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
sviestā (indefinite locative masculine singular)
sviestos (indefinite locative masculine plural)
sviestā (feminine indefinite locative singular)
sviestās (feminine indefinite locative plural)

thrown, flung, slung; indefinite past passive participle of sviest


betons

betons (nominative singular)
betoni (nominative plural)
betona (genitive singular)
betonu (genitive plural)
betonam (dative singular)
betoniem (dative plural)
betonu (accusative singular)
betonus (accusative plural)
betonu (instrumental singular)
betoniem (instrumental plural)
betonā (locative singular)
betonos (locative plural)
beton (singular vocative)
betoni (plural vocative)

(construction) concrete (building material)


mīla

mīla (nominative singular)
mīlas (genitive singular)
mīlai (dative singular)
mīlu (accusative singular)
mīlu (instrumental singular)
mīlā (locative singular)
mīla (singular vocative)

A nominalized form of mīls, a dialectal variant of mīļš. Originally also dialectal, mīla is first mentioned in the written language in the 18th century (1786), and introduced by Rainis in the literary language in the 19th century (1888).

mīlas jūtas

pirmā mīlā

mīlas dzeja, dziesma, vārdi

love (positive romantic feeling for a specific person)

dzimtenes mīla

love (positive feeling for a group, people, institution, idea, etc.)


mīlestība

mīlestība (nominative singular)
mīlestības (genitive singular)
mīlestībai (dative singular)
mīlestību (accusative singular)
mīlestību (instrumental singular)
mīlestībā (locative singular)
mīlestība (singular vocative)

From an earlier unattested adjective *mīlests (compare mielasts (“banquet, feast”), also Russian ми́лость (mílostʹ, “compassion, mercy, grace”)) + -ība, maybe following the example of mīlība (“tenderness, sweetness”).

pirmā mīlestība

atzīšanās mīlestībā

platoniskā mīlestība

mīlestības vārdi, vēstule

mātes, vecāku mīlestība

dzimtenes mīlestība

dabas, dzīvnieku mīlestība

love (positive non-romantic feeling for someone or something, devotion)

mīlestība uz teātri

darba, kārtības mīlestība

mākslas mīlestība

mīlestība pret literatūru


soms

lv-noun

soms m (1st declension, feminine form: somiete)

somiete (feminine)
soms (nominative singular)
somi (nominative plural)
soma (genitive singular)
somu (genitive plural)
somam (dative singular)
somiem (dative plural)
somu (accusative singular)
somus (accusative plural)
somu (instrumental singular)
somiem (instrumental plural)
somā (locative singular)
somos (locative plural)
som (singular vocative)
somi (plural vocative)

tikties ar somiem


anglis

anglis m (2nd declension, feminine form: angliete)

angliete (feminine)
anglis (nominative singular)
angļi (nominative plural)
angļa (genitive singular)
angļu (genitive plural)
anglim (dative singular)
angļiem (dative plural)
angli (accusative singular)
angļus (accusative plural)
angli (instrumental singular)
angļiem (instrumental plural)
anglī (locative singular)
angļos (locative plural)
angli (singular vocative)
angļi (plural vocative)

Ultimately (like the word English itself) from Angles, the name of an old Germanic tribe.


cements

cements (nominative singular)
cementi (nominative plural)
cementa (genitive singular)
cementu (genitive plural)
cementam (dative singular)
cementiem (dative plural)
cementu (accusative singular)
cementus (accusative plural)
cementu (instrumental singular)
cementiem (instrumental plural)
cementā (locative singular)
cementos (locative plural)
cement (singular vocative)
cementi (plural vocative)


pilots

pilots m (1st declension, feminine form: pilote)

pilote (feminine)
pilots (nominative singular)
piloti (nominative plural)
pilota (genitive singular)
pilotu (genitive plural)
pilotam (dative singular)
pilotiem (dative plural)
pilotu (accusative singular)
pilotus (accusative plural)
pilotu (instrumental singular)
pilotiem (instrumental plural)
pilotā (locative singular)
pilotos (locative plural)
pilot (singular vocative)
piloti (plural vocative)


brunets

head

brunets (definite brunetais, comparative brunetāks, superlative visbrunetākais, adverb bruneti)

brunetais (definite)
brunetāks (comparative)
visbrunetākais (superlative)
bruneti (adverb)
brunets (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
bruneti (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
bruneta (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
brunetas (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
bruneta (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
brunetu (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
brunetas (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
brunetu (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
brunetam (dative indefinite masculine singular)
brunetiem (dative indefinite masculine plural)
brunetai (dative feminine indefinite singular)
brunetām (dative feminine indefinite plural)
brunetu (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
brunetus (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
brunetu (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
brunetas (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
brunetu (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
brunetiem (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
brunetu (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
brunetām (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
brunetā (indefinite locative masculine singular)
brunetos (indefinite locative masculine plural)
brunetā (feminine indefinite locative singular)
brunetās (feminine indefinite locative plural)


brunets

lv-noun

brunets m (1st declension, feminine form: brunete)

brunete (feminine)
brunets (nominative singular)
bruneti (nominative plural)
bruneta (genitive singular)
brunetu (genitive plural)
brunetam (dative singular)
brunetiem (dative plural)
brunetu (accusative singular)
brunetus (accusative plural)
brunetu (instrumental singular)
brunetiem (instrumental plural)
brunetā (locative singular)
brunetos (locative plural)
brunet (singular vocative)
bruneti (plural vocative)


gane

gane f (5th declension, masculine form: gans)

gans (masculine)
gane (nominative singular)
ganes (nominative plural)
ganes (genitive singular)
gaņu (genitive plural)
ganei (dative singular)
ganēm (dative plural)
gani (accusative singular)
ganes (accusative plural)
gani (instrumental singular)
ganēm (instrumental plural)
ganē (locative singular)
ganēs (locative plural)
gane (singular vocative)
ganes (plural vocative)


humors

humors (nominative singular)
humora (genitive singular)
humoram (dative singular)
humoru (accusative singular)
humoru (instrumental singular)
humorā (locative singular)
humor (singular vocative)

Via other European languages, ultimately borrowed from Latin umor (“moisture”), from the ancient theory that the moods and dispositions of the human psyche were related to bodily fluids.

labsirdīgs humors

humora dzirksts

humora izjūta

cilvēks ar humora izjūtu

viņa balsī jūtama humora pieskaņa

in his voice one can feel a touch of humor

zvejas vīru humoru netraucē ne vētra, ne arī nemīlīgs laiks

neither storms nor inclement weather can disturb the humor of fishermen

viņš visu prot pateikt ar humoru, un mēs smejamies

he knows how to say everything with humor, and we laugh

humor (good-natured, playful attitude; the capacity to recognize and understand what is funny or comical)


pase

pase (nominative singular)
pases (nominative plural)
pases (genitive singular)
pasu (genitive plural)
pasei (dative singular)
pasēm (dative plural)
pasi (accusative singular)
pases (accusative plural)
pasi (instrumental singular)
pasēm (instrumental plural)
pasē (locative singular)
pasēs (locative plural)
pase (singular vocative)
pases (plural vocative)


humorists

humorists m (1st declension, feminine form: humoriste)

humoriste (feminine)
humorists (nominative singular)
humoristi (nominative plural)
humorista (genitive singular)
humoristu (genitive plural)
humoristam (dative singular)
humoristiem (dative plural)
humoristu (accusative singular)
humoristus (accusative plural)
humoristu (instrumental singular)
humoristiem (instrumental plural)
humoristā (locative singular)
humoristos (locative plural)
humorist (singular vocative)
humoristi (plural vocative)

From humors (“humor”) + -ists. Probably not formed as such in Latvian, but borrowed and adapted from other European languages.

humorista asais skatiens atrod visapslēptākās cilvēka vājības, pamana simtiem to izpausmes veidu un variantu

a humorist/comedian's sharp look finds the innermost human weaknesses and sees hundreds of forms and variations of their expression

humorist, comedian (a (male) artist who portrays the world in a comic, humorous way)


cūka

cūka (nominative singular)
cūkas (nominative plural)
cūkas (genitive singular)
cūku (genitive plural)
cūkai (dative singular)
cūkām (dative plural)
cūku (accusative singular)
cūkas (accusative plural)
cūku (instrumental singular)
cūkām (instrumental plural)
cūkā (locative singular)
cūkās (locative plural)
cūka (singular vocative)
cūkas (plural vocative)

From Proto-Baltic *kyaw-, *kyū-, from a palatalized version (perhaps by onomatopoeia, by imitating this animal's sound) of Proto-Indo-European *kew-, *kū- (“to howl, to shout; cf. kaukt “to howl””). A parallel, non-palatalized version is probably reflected in placenames like Kūkas, perhaps originally a region with many wild boars. An even further palatalized version (where *ky > *ḱ > *š > Latvian s) may have given rise to placenames like Sauka, or, with a different suffix, to placenames in -saule like Jaunsaule, perhaps even to Lithuanian Šiauliaĩ. A different (minoritary) theory derives čūka from an earlier *sūka, borrowed from Slavic (cf. Russian су́ка (súka)); another (minoritary) viewpoint connects cūka to imitative words used to call pigs, like Russian чух (čux)!, чух-чух (čux-čux)!, Belarusian, Ukrainian ацю! (acju!), Polish a ciu!, Latvian c̆uk-c̆uk!, Lithuanian čiùk-čiùk!, čiū́k-čiū́k! Cognates include Lithuanian dialectal čiūkà, kūkà, also čiūkùtis, kūkùtis (“piglet”), Russian dialectal чу́ха (čúxa), чухна́ (čuxná, “pig”).

mājas cūka

vaislas cūka

meža cūka

cūka kviec, rukšķ

cūku kūts, aizgalds

cūku šķirnes

cūku tauki

nobarot cūku

kaut cūku

cūkas gaļa, cūkgaļa

cūka viņu sagaidīja sīkiem rukšķiem

Sus scrofa domesticus
Wikispecies:Sus scrofa domesticus

viņu nosauca pazīstamu cilvēku klātbūtnē par cūku

he was called a pig in the presence of people he knew

(figuratively) pig (a dirty, unhygienic person; also, a villainous man; colloquially also an unattractive female)

“cūkas” jeb “duraki” ir kāršu spēle, kuras mērķis ir atbrīvoties no rokās esošajām kārtīm

“pigs,” or “fools,” is a card game whose objective it is to get rid of all the cards in one's hands

(only plural) the name of a certain card game


zābaks

zābaks (nominative singular)
zābaki (nominative plural)
zābaka (genitive singular)
zābaku (genitive plural)
zābakam (dative singular)
zābakiem (dative plural)
zābaku (accusative singular)
zābakus (accusative plural)
zābaku (instrumental singular)
zābakiem (instrumental plural)
zābakā (locative singular)
zābakos (locative plural)
zābak (singular vocative)
zābaki (plural vocative)

An old, pre-13th-century borrowing from Old East Slavic забогъ (zabogŭ); cf. Russian сапо́г (sapóg), dialectal забог (zabog), already mentioned in 17th-century dictionaries, and also in 15th- and 16th-century family names. An old feminine variant zābaka, already attested in 17th-century dictionaries, persisted until the 19th century, when it finally disappeared.

viriešu, sieviešu zābaki

gumijas zābaki

slēpju, slidu zābaki

garie zābaki

zābaku saites, auklas

aizsaitēt zābakus

vilkt kājās zābakus


zobens

zobens (nominative singular)
zobeni (nominative plural)
zobena (genitive singular)
zobenu (genitive plural)
zobenam (dative singular)
zobeniem (dative plural)
zobenu (accusative singular)
zobenus (accusative plural)
zobenu (instrumental singular)
zobeniem (instrumental plural)
zobenā (locative singular)
zobenos (locative plural)
zoben (singular vocative)
zobeni (plural vocative)

From zobs (“tooth; sharpness, blade”) + -ens; the original meaning was “piercing instrument with sharp edge, blade.”

ass zobens

smags zobens

līks zobens

zobena spals

zobena maksts

Damaskas tērauda zobens

izvilkt zobenu

vicināt zobenu

paukošanas ar zobeniem

(weaponry) sword (long-bladed weapon with a handle, for stabbing, cutting or slashing)


tilts

tilts (nominative singular)
tilti (nominative plural)
tilta (genitive singular)
tiltu (genitive plural)
tiltam (dative singular)
tiltiem (dative plural)
tiltu (accusative singular)
tiltus (accusative plural)
tiltu (instrumental singular)
tiltiem (instrumental plural)
tiltā (locative singular)
tiltos (locative plural)
tilt (singular vocative)
tilti (plural vocative)

Originally the past participle of an earlier verb *telt, parallel form *tilt, from Proto-Baltic *tel-, *til-, from Proto-Indo-European *tel-, *stel- (“to spread, to spread out”), whence also Latvian telpa (“space, room”). The original meaning was therefore “(that which is) spread out”, from which “(path, road) covered with intertwined, interlaced branches, logs” (a meaning still attested in folk songs) and then “bridge.” Cognates include Lithuanian tìltas; elsewhere, the stem *tel-, *stel- led to notions like “smooth base, floor, board:” Lithuanian dialectal tìlė (“a boat's bottom plank”), Old Prussian talus (“floor”), Proto-Slavic *tьlo (“base, floor”) (Old Church Slavonic тьло (tĭlo), Russian, Ukrainian тло (tlo), Czech tla (“floor”), Polish tło (“base, background”), Upper Sorbian tło (“floor, base, bottom”)), Old Irish talam (“earth”) (< *tlə-mo-), Proto-Germanic *þiliz (“board, plank”) (Old Norse þil, þili (“plank wall”), þilja (“floor, plank”), þel (“base, floor”), Old High German dil, dilo (“plank wall, floor”), dilla (“board, floor, ship deck”), German Diele (“plank”)), Sanskrit तलम् (talam, “plain, flat surface; palm”), Ancient Greek τήλιᾱ (tḗliā, “game table, board”), Albanian tullë (“brick”),
Latin tellūs (“earth”) (< *telnos), Ossetian тӕрхӕг (tærxæg, “bench”).

cog

jau trešajā minūtē Hervigs bija tiltā un ar grūtībām izgriezās

as early as the third minute Hervigs was in a bridge and wrung itself out (of it) with difficulty

(sports, martial arts) bridge position, backbend (position of the body in which the raised back rests on the hands (or nape) and feet touching the floor)


sāls

lv-noun

sāls f or m (6th or 2nd declension, irregular nominative, genitive)

sāls (nominative singular)
sālis (nominative plural)
sāls (genitive singular)
sāļu (genitive plural)
sālij (dative singular)
sālīm (dative plural)
sāli (accusative singular)
sālis (accusative plural)
sāli (instrumental singular)
sālīm (instrumental plural)
sālī (locative singular)
sālīs (locative plural)
sāls (singular vocative)
sālis (plural vocative)
sāls (nominative singular)
sāļi (nominative plural)
sāļa (genitive singular)
sāļu (genitive plural)
sālim (dative singular)
sāļiem (dative plural)
sāli (accusative singular)
sāļus (accusative plural)
sāli (instrumental singular)
sāļiem (instrumental plural)
sālī (locative singular)
sāļos (locative plural)
sāli (singular vocative)
sāļi (plural vocative)

From Proto-Baltic *sal-, *sāl-, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *sāˀlis, from Proto-Indo-European *sal-, *seh₂l- (“salt, sea salt”), perhaps related to the homophonous stem *sal- (“grayish, impure gray”).
In Latvian, both an i-stem (*salis) and an iyo-stem (*saliyos > *saliys > *salis) were formed, yielding present-day sāls, feminine, genitive sāls, and sāls, masculine, genitive sāļa. Cognates include Lithuanian sólymas (“salt water, brine”) (< *solis), Old Prussian sal, Old Church Slavonic соль (solĭ), Russian соль (solʹ), Ukrainian сіль (silʹ), genitive соли (soly), Bulgarian сол (sol), Czech sůl, Polish sól, Proto-Germanic *saltą (Gothic 𐍃𐌰𐌻𐍄 (salt), Old High German salz, German Salz, English salt), Old Irish salann, Ancient Greek ἅλς (háls), genitive ἁλός (halós), Latin sāl, genitive sālis, Sanskrit सलिल (salilá, “salty”).

cog

vārāmais sāls

ēdieniem par maz sāls

salt (white crystalline substance — sodium chloride or NaCl — used for seasoning food)


buča

buča (nominative singular)
bučas (nominative plural)
bučas (genitive singular)
buču (genitive plural)
bučai (dative singular)
bučām (dative plural)
buču (accusative singular)
bučas (accusative plural)
buču (instrumental singular)
bučām (instrumental plural)
bučā (locative singular)
bučās (locative plural)
buča (singular vocative)
bučas (plural vocative)

From Proto-Baltic *bu- (with an extra onomatopoeic č(a), suggesting the sound of kissing), from Proto-Indo-European *bu- (“lip”). Some researchers suggest borrowing from Germanic; the majority opinion is that this word was not borrowed. Cognates include Lithuanian bùčius, bučinỹs, Belarusian бу́ся (búsja), Bulgarian бу́зя (búzja, “cheek”), Polish buzia (“mouth; face; kiss”), Ukrainian бу́зя (búzja, “mouth”), Middle Low German bützen, German bussen (“to kiss”) (dialectal pussen), Swedish puss (“kiss”), Irish bus (“lip”), Albanian buzë (“lip”), Latin bucca (“mouth”).

viņš deva tai sirsnīgu buču

kad meita buču saņēmusi, tad viņa iesaucas: “tu pagāns!” un dara tā, it kā tā lūpas gribētu noslaucīt

when the girl received the kiss, she exclaimed: “you heathen!” and did as if she wanted to wipe her lips clean

(colloquial) kiss (a touch with the lips, to express love, friendship, respect, devotion)


kalifs

kalifs (nominative singular)
kalifi (nominative plural)
kalifa (genitive singular)
kalifu (genitive plural)
kalifam (dative singular)
kalifiem (dative plural)
kalifu (accusative singular)
kalifus (accusative plural)
kalifu (instrumental singular)
kalifiem (instrumental plural)
kalifā (locative singular)
kalifos (locative plural)
kalifs (singular vocative)
kalifi (plural vocative)


gaļa

gaļa (nominative singular)
gaļas (nominative plural)
gaļas (genitive singular)
gaļu (genitive plural)
gaļai (dative singular)
gaļām (dative plural)
gaļu (accusative singular)
gaļas (accusative plural)
gaļu (instrumental singular)
gaļām (instrumental plural)
gaļā (locative singular)
gaļās (locative plural)
gaļa (singular vocative)
gaļas (plural vocative)

The origin of this word has not been fully explained. It may have been derived from the same stem as the (dated) verb galēt (“to kill”) (cf. dzelt (“to sting”), derived from another grade of the same stem), so that it would have originally meant “stabbed, killed, slaughtered (animal).” A different hypothesis is that gaļa is cognate with Russian го́лый (gólyj, “naked”), its original meaning having been “naked (= skinned) flesh, meat.” Either way, gaļa has replaced in this sense the word miesa, formerly “meat,” now specifically “(human) flesh.” Cognates include Sudovian fała (probably misspelled *gala).

cūkas, aitas, jēra gaļa

pig, sheep, lamb meat (i.e. pork, mutton, lamb)

vērša, liellopu gaļa

zivju gaļa

trekna, liesa gaļa

jēla, zaļa gaļa

cepta, vārīta, žāvēta gaļa

malta gaļa

gaļas šķēle

gaļas kvalitāte

sālīt, sautēt gaļu

kāposti, pīrāgs ar gaļu

gaļas ražošana, rūpniecība

truša gaļu, tāpat kā teļa gaļu, organisms viegli izmanto... ar savu maigo un patīkamo garšu tā atgādina vistas gaļu

rabbit meat, like veal (lit. calf meat), can be easily utilized (i.e. digested) by the (human) organism... with its mild and pleasant taste, it is reminiscent of chicken meat

meat (food obtained from the flesh of slaughtered animals)

gaļas produkti

gaļas buljons, zupa

gaļas mērce

gaļas kotletes, pīrāgi

gaļas konservi

(in the genitive, used adjectivally) meat (containing meat, cooked or prepared with meat)

gaļas cūka, govs

gaļas lopi

gaļas cāļi

(in the genitive, used adjectivally, of animals) meat (from which one obtains meat; reared in order to produce meat)

gaļas olbaltumvielas

kur gaļa, tur kauli; kur āda, tur spalva

where (there is) meat, (there are) bones; where (there is) skin, (there is) fur

mans ievainojums nav smags, bet lode iedzinusi no šineļa gaļā vilnas piku

my wound is not heavy (i.e. serious), but the bullet drove in a lump of wool from the coat into (my) meat (or flesh)

meat, flesh (animal muscular and adipose tissue; also, colloquially, human flesh, usually miesa)

auglis (parastajai mandelei) no sāniem saspiests olveida kaulenis ar ādainu gaļu

the fruit (of the common almond tree) is, from the side, a compressed oval drupe with leathery flesh

(rare) meat, flesh (soft, juicy part of a fruit)


kross

kross (nominative singular)
krosi (nominative plural)
krosa (genitive singular)
krosu (genitive plural)
krosam (dative singular)
krosiem (dative plural)
krosu (accusative singular)
krosus (accusative plural)
krosu (instrumental singular)
krosiem (instrumental plural)
krosā (locative singular)
krosos (locative plural)
kros (singular vocative)
krosi (plural vocative)


kaklarota

kaklarota (nominative singular)
kaklarotas (nominative plural)
kaklarotas (genitive singular)
kaklarotu (genitive plural)
kaklarotai (dative singular)
kaklarotām (dative plural)
kaklarotu (accusative singular)
kaklarotas (accusative plural)
kaklarotu (instrumental singular)
kaklarotām (instrumental plural)
kaklarotā (locative singular)
kaklarotās (locative plural)
kaklarota (singular vocative)
kaklarotas (plural vocative)

From kakla (“neck[gen.]”) + rota (“jewel”).


karalis

lv-noun

karalis m (2nd declension, feminine form: karaliene)

karaliene (feminine)
karalis (nominative singular)
karaļi (nominative plural)
karaļa (genitive singular)
karaļu (genitive plural)
karalim (dative singular)
karaļiem (dative plural)
karali (accusative singular)
karaļus (accusative plural)
karali (instrumental singular)
karaļiem (instrumental plural)
karalī (locative singular)
karaļos (locative plural)
karali (singular vocative)
karaļi (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Lithuanian karãlius, itself a borrowing from Old Ruthenian король (korolʹ), ultimately from the name of Charlemagne (cf. Latin Carolus, German Karl, Karol). Introduced by Atis Kronvalds in 1870. It soon became popular, possibly because of its similarity with Russian король (korolʹ, “king”) and its apparent connection to karš (“war”), and mostly replaced the earlier Germanism ķēniņš.

Anglijas karalis

skotu karalis

karaļa dinastija

kronēt karali

king (the monarch of a kingdom; the title of this monarch)

(chess) king (the most important piece, the capture of which signals the end of a game of chess)


tinte

tinte (nominative singular)
tintes (nominative plural)
tintes (genitive singular)
tinšu (genitive plural)
tintei (dative singular)
tintēm (dative plural)
tinti (accusative singular)
tintes (accusative plural)
tinti (instrumental singular)
tintēm (instrumental plural)
tintē (locative singular)
tintēs (locative plural)
tinte (singular vocative)
tintes (plural vocative)

Borrowed from German Tinte, itself a borrowing from Latin tincta (aqua) (“colored water, liquid”). This word is first mentioned in the early 19th century. It replaced an earlier borrowing blaka, from Middle Low German blak, black (“black ink”). An attempt to introduce a neologism melne (from melns (“black”); compare Russian черни́ла (černíla, “ink”), from чёрный (čórnyj, “black”)) also failed.

der

zilā, sarkanā, melnā tinte

parastā, speciālā tinte

gliemju tintes dziedzeri

(biology, anatomy) ink (dark liquid produced by certain animals or plants)


makaroni

makaroni (nominative plural)
makaronu (genitive plural)
makaroniem (dative plural)
makaronus (accusative plural)
makaroniem (instrumental plural)
makaronos (locative plural)
makaroni (plural vocative)


spalva

spalva (nominative singular)
spalvas (nominative plural)
spalvas (genitive singular)
spalvu (genitive plural)
spalvai (dative singular)
spalvām (dative plural)
spalvu (accusative singular)
spalvas (accusative plural)
spalvu (instrumental singular)
spalvām (instrumental plural)
spalvā (locative singular)
spalvās (locative plural)
spalva (singular vocative)
spalvas (plural vocative)

From Proto-Baltic *spalwā, from Proto-Indo-European *pel-, *spʰel- (“to split, cast off”) with a w extension. Alternatively, *spalu- may simply have been a u-stem noun, later transformed into an ā-stem noun: *spalu-ā- > *spalvā-. The original meaning was probably “that which was torn off, plucked, shorn.” Cognates include Lithuanian spalvà (“color”) (“color” meaning is a secondary development), Sudovian spiła.

noasināta zoss spalva

rakstāmspalva

pildspalva

rupja, smalka spalva

iemērkt spalvu tintē, tušā

pirmais spalvas mēģinājums

the first attempt at the pen (= at writing, by a new author)

quill, pen (especially to be used as a writing instrument)


tauriņš

tauriņš (nominative singular)
tauriņi (nominative plural)
tauriņa (genitive singular)
tauriņu (genitive plural)
tauriņam (dative singular)
tauriņiem (dative plural)
tauriņu (accusative singular)
tauriņus (accusative plural)
tauriņu (instrumental singular)
tauriņiem (instrumental plural)
tauriņā (locative singular)
tauriņos (locative plural)
tauriņ (singular vocative)
tauriņi (plural vocative)

From Latvian tàurs, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *taurás, from Proto-Indo-European *táwros.


gāze

gāze (nominative singular)
gāzes (genitive singular)
gāzei (dative singular)
gāzi (accusative singular)
gāzi (instrumental singular)
gāzē (locative singular)
gāze (singular vocative)

Likely via Russian газ (gaz, “gauze”), or perhaps German Gaze (“gauze”).


madara

madara (nominative singular)
madaras (nominative plural)
madaras (genitive singular)
madaru (genitive plural)
madarai (dative singular)
madarām (dative plural)
madaru (accusative singular)
madaras (accusative plural)
madaru (instrumental singular)
madarām (instrumental plural)
madarā (locative singular)
madarās (locative plural)
madara (singular vocative)
madaras (plural vocative)

Probably borrowed from Estonian madar, from Proto-Finnic *matara.

madaru dzimta

ķeraiņu madara

mīkstā madara

ziemeļu madara

baltās un dzeltenās madaras

Rubia tinctorum
Rubia tinctorum#Translingual

madder, bedstraw (a type of flowering plant, Rubia tinctorum)


jambs

jambs (nominative singular)
jambi (nominative plural)
jamba (genitive singular)
jambu (genitive plural)
jambam (dative singular)
jambiem (dative plural)
jambu (accusative singular)
jambus (accusative plural)
jambu (instrumental singular)
jambiem (instrumental plural)
jambā (locative singular)
jambos (locative plural)
jamb (singular vocative)
jambi (plural vocative)


smaragds

smaragds (nominative singular)
smaragdi (nominative plural)
smaragda (genitive singular)
smaragdu (genitive plural)
smaragdam (dative singular)
smaragdiem (dative plural)
smaragdu (accusative singular)
smaragdus (accusative plural)
smaragdu (instrumental singular)
smaragdiem (instrumental plural)
smaragdā (locative singular)
smaragdos (locative plural)
smaragd (singular vocative)
smaragdi (plural vocative)

Ultimately from Ancient Greek σμᾰ́ραγδος (smắragdos).


brits

lv-noun

brits m (1st declension, feminine form: britiete)

britiete (feminine)
brits (nominative singular)
briti (nominative plural)
brita (genitive singular)
britu (genitive plural)
britam (dative singular)
britiem (dative plural)
britu (accusative singular)
britus (accusative plural)
britu (instrumental singular)
britiem (instrumental plural)
britā (locative singular)
britos (locative plural)
brit (singular vocative)
briti (plural vocative)

Ultimately from Latin Brittō or its Celtic equivalent (see Brython), probably via some other European language (cf. German Brite, Russian бритт (britt)).

es esmu brits

a Briton, a British man, a man born in Great Britain; a citizen of the United Kingdom

britu armija

Britu impērija

Britu Kolumbija

(genitive plural): British; pertaining to Great Britain or the United Kingdom and its people

5. gadsimtā pirms mūsu ēras Britu salas iekaroja ķeltu ciltis: briti un skoti

in the 5th century BC Celtic tribes - the Britons and the Scots (Gaels) - conquered the British Isles

(historical, in the plural) the Britons, members of the Celtic tribes that lived in southern Britain at the time of the Roman conquest


interpunkcija

interpunkcija (nominative singular)
interpunkcijas (genitive singular)
interpunkcijai (dative singular)
interpunkciju (accusative singular)
interpunkciju (instrumental singular)
interpunkcijā (locative singular)
interpunkcija (singular vocative)

Via other European languages, ultimately borrowed from Latin interpunctiō, from inter (“between”) and punctiō (“pricking, puncturing”), from the verb pungo (“to prick, to puncture, to sting”).

interpunkcijas sistēma

apgūt interpunkciju

interpunkcijas kļūdas

izvēloties pieturzīmes, jāņem vērā interpunkcijas un citu rakstības zīmju un paņēmienu mijiedarbība

when choosing punctuation marks, one must take into account the interaction of punctuation and other writing symbols and modes

vispirms tulkotājiem pārmetums, ka viņi pārāk brīvi rīkojušies ar interpunkciju

the first criticism of translators is that they treat punctuation too freely

punctuation mark
punctuation mark#English

(orthography) punctuation (the set of punctuation marks in a given language; the use of punctuation marks in a given language)


lietuvis

lietuvis m (2nd declension, feminine form: lietuve)

lietuve (feminine)
lietuvis (nominative singular)
lietuvji (nominative plural)
lietuvja (genitive singular)
lietuvju (genitive plural)
lietuvim (dative singular)
lietuvjiem (dative plural)
lietuvi (accusative singular)
lietuvjus (accusative plural)
lietuvi (instrumental singular)
lietuvjiem (instrumental plural)
lietuvī (locative singular)
lietuvjos (locative plural)
lietuvi (singular vocative)
lietuvji (plural vocative)

From Lietuva (“Lithuania”), made into a masculine second-declension noun.

lietuvju valoda

pirmais latvju un lietuvju kongress

(genitive plural): Lithuanian, pertaining to Lithuania and its people


firsts

firsts m (1st declension, feminine form: firstiene)

firstiene (feminine)
firsts (nominative singular)
firsti (nominative plural)
firsta (genitive singular)
firstu (genitive plural)
firstam (dative singular)
firstiem (dative plural)
firstu (accusative singular)
firstus (accusative plural)
firstu (instrumental singular)
firstiem (instrumental plural)
firstā (locative singular)
firstos (locative plural)
first (singular vocative)
firsti (plural vocative)

Hanss-Ādams II, Lihtenšteinas firsts

vīri runā par firstiem un ķēniņiem

the men are talking about princes and kings

prince (nobility title, above archduke and under king; corresponding nobleman)


stikls

stikls (nominative singular)
stikli (nominative plural)
stikla (genitive singular)
stiklu (genitive plural)
stiklam (dative singular)
stikliem (dative plural)
stiklu (accusative singular)
stiklus (accusative plural)
stiklu (instrumental singular)
stikliem (instrumental plural)
stiklā (locative singular)
stiklos (locative plural)
stikl (singular vocative)
stikli (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Old East Slavic стькло (stĭklo) (compare Russian стекло́ (stekló)), itself a borrowing from Gothic 𐍃𐍄𐌹𐌺𐌻𐍃 (stikls, “beaker, chalice, goblet”).

uder

briļļu stikli

palielināmais stikls

ielikt logam stiklu

glass (an object made of this material, or something similar)


vīns

vīns (nominative singular)
vīni (nominative plural)
vīna (genitive singular)
vīnu (genitive plural)
vīnam (dative singular)
vīniem (dative plural)
vīnu (accusative singular)
vīnus (accusative plural)
vīnu (instrumental singular)
vīniem (instrumental plural)
vīnā (locative singular)
vīnos (locative plural)
vīn (singular vocative)
vīni (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Middle Low German wīn, or from Old Norse vín or Middle Dutch wijn, wiin (cf. German Wein, Swedish vin, Dutch wijn, English wine), or maybe also from Old East Slavic вино (vino), Russian вино́ (vinó), itself a borrowing from Latin vīnum, which is a possible borrowing from an old Mediterranean or Black Sea language. In Latvian, this loanword is old: it is already mentioned in 16th-century writings and 17th-century dictionaries; there is also an apparently related 16th-century family name Vīndedzis.

vīnogu, ķiršu vīns

sarkanais vīns, sarkanvīns

baltais vīns, baltvīns

sausais, saldais vīns

deserta vīns

dzirkstošais vīns

pudele vīna

vīna kauss

vīna glāze

vīna muca

Pie zivju ēdiniem ieteicami baltie galda vīni, pie gaļas - sarkanie sausie vīni, bet pie sakņu ēdieniem - pussaldie.

With fish dishes, white table wines are recommended; with meat - red dry wines, and with vegetable food - semisweet (wines).

wine (alcoholic drink made from berriess or fruit juices)


brālis

brālis (nominative singular)
brāļi (nominative plural)
brāļa (genitive singular)
brāļu (genitive plural)
brālim (dative singular)
brāļiem (dative plural)
brāli (accusative singular)
brāļus (accusative plural)
brāli (instrumental singular)
brāļiem (instrumental plural)
brālī (locative singular)
brāļos (locative plural)
brāli (singular vocative)
brāļi (plural vocative)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *brā́ˀtē, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰréh₂tēr. Cognate with Lithuanian brolis.

brother (people who are closely related to each other)


māte

māte (nominative singular)
mātes (nominative plural)
mātes (genitive singular)
māšu (genitive plural)
mātei (dative singular)
mātēm (dative plural)
māti (accusative singular)
mātes (accusative plural)
māti (instrumental singular)
mātēm (instrumental plural)
mātē (locative singular)
mātēs (locative plural)
māt (singular vocative)
mātes (plural vocative)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *mā́ˀtē, from Proto-Indo-European *méh₂tēr (“mother”), where the initial *ma, *meh₂ may have originally been a child's call or nursery word.
Cognates include Lithuanian mótė (“woman, wife”, dialectally also “mother”), móteris (“woman”), mótina (“mother”), Old Prussian mūti, muti, mothe, Sudovian ate (< *māte), Proto-Slavic *mati (Russian мать (matʹ), Belarusian маць (macʹ), Ukrainian ма́ти (máty), Bulgarian ма́ти (máti), ма́тер (máter), Czech máti, archaic Polish mać), Proto-Germanic *mōdēr (Old Saxon mōdar, Old English mōdor, English mother, Old Norse móðir, Old High German muoter, German Mutter), Sanskrit मातृ (mā́tṛ), Avestan 𐬨𐬁𐬙𐬀𐬭 (mātar), Ancient Greek μήτηρ (mḗtēr), Doric μάτηρ (mátēr), Latin māter.

cog

briežu, vilku, lāču māte

bišu māte

female individual of some animal species


ēdiens

ēdiens (nominative singular)
ēdieni (nominative plural)
ēdiena (genitive singular)
ēdienu (genitive plural)
ēdienam (dative singular)
ēdieniem (dative plural)
ēdienu (accusative singular)
ēdienus (accusative plural)
ēdienu (instrumental singular)
ēdieniem (instrumental plural)
ēdienā (locative singular)
ēdienos (locative plural)
ēdien (singular vocative)
ēdieni (plural vocative)

From ēst (past stem: ēd-) (“to eat”) + -iens.

gaļas, zivju, miltu ēdiens

silts, garšīgs ēdiens

saldais ēdiens

izvēlēties, pagatavot, pasniegt ēdienu

izvārīt ēdienu

ēst pusdienās trīs ēdienus

ēdienu karte, ēdienkarte

food prepared for consumption; meal; dish


bibliotēka

bibliotēka (nominative singular)
bibliotēkas (nominative plural)
bibliotēkas (genitive singular)
bibliotēku (genitive plural)
bibliotēkai (dative singular)
bibliotēkām (dative plural)
bibliotēku (accusative singular)
bibliotēkas (accusative plural)
bibliotēku (instrumental singular)
bibliotēkām (instrumental plural)
bibliotēkā (locative singular)
bibliotēkās (locative plural)
bibliotēka (singular vocative)
bibliotēkas (plural vocative)


dieveris

brother-in-law (the brother of one's husband)


Jānis

Jānis (nominative singular)
Jāņi (nominative plural)
Jāņa (genitive singular)
Jāņu (genitive plural)
Jānim (dative singular)
Jāņiem (dative plural)
Jāni (accusative singular)
Jāņus (accusative plural)
Jāni (instrumental singular)
Jāņiem (instrumental plural)
Jānī (locative singular)
Jāņos (locative plural)
Jāni (singular vocative)
Jāņi (plural vocative)

First recorded in 13th century. Ultimately from Hebrew, cognate to English John.


prāts

prāts (nominative singular)
prāti (nominative plural)
prāta (genitive singular)
prātu (genitive plural)
prātam (dative singular)
prātiem (dative plural)
prātu (accusative singular)
prātus (accusative plural)
prātu (instrumental singular)
prātiem (instrumental plural)
prātā (locative singular)
prātos (locative plural)
prāt (singular vocative)
prāti (plural vocative)


zupa

zupa (nominative singular)
zupas (nominative plural)
zupas (genitive singular)
zupu (genitive plural)
zupai (dative singular)
zupām (dative plural)
zupu (accusative singular)
zupas (accusative plural)
zupu (instrumental singular)
zupām (instrumental plural)
zupā (locative singular)
zupās (locative plural)
zupa (singular vocative)
zupas (plural vocative)

Borrowed from German Suppe, itself partly via French soupe, partly via Middle Low German sope, from Proto-Germanic *supô (compare also sūpen “to drink; to eat with a spoon,” German saufen “to drink; to booze”), ultimately from the same Proto-Indo-European stem (*seu-, *sū- “juice; moisture”) as the verb sūkt (“to suck”). This word was borrowed before the 17th century; it is first mentioned in writing in the 18th century (as zupe), but only in the 19th century did it become frequent. The modern form zupa also became dominant in the 19th century.

gaļas, dārzeņu, sēņu zupa

kāpostu, sakņu, piena zupa

ļoti garšīga zupa

veģetāra zupa

aukstās zupas

zupas kauss

zupas karotes

šovakar mums biešu zupa; te rudzu maize

tonight we have beet soup; here (is) the rye bread

soup (boiled liquid food, usually containing meat, fish, vegetables or cereal products)


viesnīca

viesnīca (nominative singular)
viesnīcas (nominative plural)
viesnīcas (genitive singular)
viesnīcu (genitive plural)
viesnīcai (dative singular)
viesnīcām (dative plural)
viesnīcu (accusative singular)
viesnīcas (accusative plural)
viesnīcu (instrumental singular)
viesnīcām (instrumental plural)
viesnīcā (locative singular)
viesnīcās (locative plural)
viesnīca (singular vocative)
viesnīcas (plural vocative)

From viesis (“guest”) + -nīca. A neologism coined in the 1870s by either Krišjānis Valdemārs or Fricis Brīvzemnieks in 1872, originally in the form viesnīce; the modern form appeared later in the same decade and soon became popular. It has replaced previously used expressions like viesu nams and gastūzis (a borrowing from German).

grezna viesnīca

slavena viesnīca

apmesties viesnīcā

dzīvot viesnīcā

hotel (establishment that provides accommodation for paying guests)


golfs

golfs (nominative singular)
golfi (nominative plural)
golfa (genitive singular)
golfu (genitive plural)
golfam (dative singular)
golfiem (dative plural)
golfu (accusative singular)
golfus (accusative plural)
golfu (instrumental singular)
golfiem (instrumental plural)
golfā (locative singular)
golfos (locative plural)
golf (singular vocative)
golfi (plural vocative)


Jesaja

Jesaja (nominative singular)
Jesajas (nominative plural)
Jesajas (genitive singular)
Jesaju (genitive plural)
Jesajai (dative singular)
Jesajām (dative plural)
Jesaju (accusative singular)
Jesajas (accusative plural)
Jesaju (instrumental singular)
Jesajām (instrumental plural)
Jesajā (locative singular)
Jesajās (locative plural)
Jesaja (singular vocative)
Jesajas (plural vocative)


čība

čība (nominative singular)
čības (nominative plural)
čības (genitive singular)
čību (genitive plural)
čībai (dative singular)
čībām (dative plural)
čību (accusative singular)
čības (accusative plural)
čību (instrumental singular)
čībām (instrumental plural)
čībā (locative singular)
čībās (locative plural)
čība (singular vocative)
čības (plural vocative)

ādas, drēbes čības

tamborētas čības

siltas čības

vingrošanas čības

staigāt čībās

(usually in the plural) slipper (low, soft shoe easily slipped in and out, intended for indoors use)


ūdens

lv-noun

ūdens m (2nd declension, irregular nominative, genitive)

ūdens (nominative singular)
ūdeņi (nominative plural)
ūdens (genitive singular)
ūdeņu (genitive plural)
ūdenim (dative singular)
ūdeņiem (dative plural)
ūdeni (accusative singular)
ūdeņus (accusative plural)
ūdeni (instrumental singular)
ūdeņiem (instrumental plural)
ūdenī (locative singular)
ūdeņos (locative plural)
ūdeni (singular vocative)
ūdeņi (plural vocative)

From Proto-Baltic *ūden- (or perhaps from Proto-Balto-Slavic *wandō), from the r/n-heteroclitic Proto-Indo-European noun *wódr̥, *wédōr, itself from a stem *wed- (“to moisten”).
In Latvian, only the n-form of the stem survived in ūdens, but the r-form can be seen in the related term ūdrs (“otter”). The lack of initial v in Latvian also suggests that a specific dialectal term was generalized: v-initial forms can still be found in geographic names (e.g. the river Vadakste, the word vads in its dialectal senses: creek, swampy forest, etc., and place names derived from it, like Mēnešvads, Alkšņa vads, etc.).
Cognates include Lithuanian vanduõ, dialectal unduõ, únduo, Old Prussian unds m, wundan n, Proto-Slavic *voda (Old Church Slavonic, Belarusian, Ukrainian, Bulgarian, Russian вода́ (vodá), Czech voda, Polish woda), Old Church Slavonic вѣдро (vědro, “small vessel”), Russian ведро́ (vedró, “bucket”), Ukrainian відро́ (vidró), Czech vědro, Polish wiadro, Proto-Germanic *watōr (Gothic 𐍅𐌰𐍄𐍉 (watō), Old High German wazzar, German Wasser, English water, wet), Hittite wātar (< *wódr̥), Sanskrit उदन् (udán), Ancient Greek ὕδωρ (húdōr), Latin unda (“wave”) (from *udn- with metathesis).

cog

smagais ūdens

ūdens molekula

tīrs, skaidrs ūdens

dzeramais ūdens

duļķains ūdens

mīksts, ciets ūdens

vārīts, destilēts, gāzēts ūdens

jūras, upes, lietus ūdens

ūdens ceļš, ūdensceļš

saldūdens, sālsūdens

atmosfēras, augsnes ūdens

artēziskais ūdens

tējas, kafijas ūdens

tea, coffee water (i.e., boiled for tea, coffee)

svētais ūdens

ūdens saturs šķīdumā

ūdens lāse, strūkla

ūdens tvaiks

ūdens krājumi, resursi

ūdens apgāde

ūdens tek, plūst, pil

smelt, dzert, attīrīt ūdeni

ūdenī šķīstoša viela

mazgāties aukstā ūdenī

ūdens tilpe, ūdenstilpe

ūdens līmenis

virs, zem ūdens

ūdens nelaime

ūdens riņķojums dabā

water (transparent liquid substance formed by hydrogen and oxygen; H₂O)

virszemes, sauszemes ūdeņi

pazemes ūdeņi

groundwater, underground water (lit. waters)

ārstnieciskie ūdeņi

palu ūdeņi

termālie ūdeņi

(in the plural) waters (large amounts, large bodies of water)

zvejas ūdeņi

teritoriālie ūdeņi

iekšējie ūdeņi

starptautiskie ūdeņi

(in the plural) water (a body, bodies of water with a specific use, or belonging to a specific region or country)

ūdens transports

ūdenssports

ūdensslēpes

ūdens polo

(genitive, used adjectivally) water, aquatic (relating to bodies of water)

ūdens augi, ūdensaugi

ūdens lilija, ūdens roze, ūdensroze

ūdens zāle, ūdenszāle

ūdens dzīvnieki, ūdensdzīvnieki

ūdens putni, ūdensputni

ūdens gliemji, kukaiņi

(genitive, used adjectivally) water, aquatic (which lives, is situated, in or near bodies of water, or in water-rich areas)

ūdens gabals

piece of water (= contentless, excessively long text)

tu slauc pareizu pienu, bet, mīļā māt, tavas meitas dzied dziesmas, kam ūdens klāt!

you milk good milk, but, dear mother, your daughters sing songs that are covered with water

(colloquial, of texts, words) watery, uninteresting, boring; empty, meaningless


sirds

sirds (nominative singular)
sirdis (nominative plural)
sirds (genitive singular)
siržu (genitive plural)
sirdij (dative singular)
sirdīm (dative plural)
sirdi (accusative singular)
sirdis (accusative plural)
sirdi (instrumental singular)
sirdīm (instrumental plural)
sirdī (locative singular)
sirdīs (locative plural)
sirds (singular vocative)
sirdis (plural vocative)

From older sirdis (attested in 17th-century texts), from Proto-Balto-Slavic *śḗr, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱḗr.

sirds kalps

sirds dūzis

kapteinis sāka dalīt kārtis, un Vilks izklaidīgi ņēma tās pretī… tur bija viens kalps un trīs dāmas: krusta, kārava un sirds

the captain started dealing the cards, and Vilks absent-mindedly took them… there were three queens: clubs, diamonds, and hearts

(card games) hearts (one of the four suits of playing cards, marked with the symbol ♥)


Miha

Miha (nominative singular)
Mihas (nominative plural)
Mihas (genitive singular)
Mihu (genitive plural)
Mihai (dative singular)
Mihām (dative plural)
Mihu (accusative singular)
Mihas (accusative plural)
Mihu (instrumental singular)
Mihām (instrumental plural)
Mihā (locative singular)
Mihās (locative plural)
Miha (singular vocative)
Mihas (plural vocative)


abats

lv-noun

abats m (1st declension, feminine form: abate)

abate (feminine)
abats (nominative singular)
abati (nominative plural)
abata (genitive singular)
abatu (genitive plural)
abatam (dative singular)
abatiem (dative plural)
abatu (accusative singular)
abatus (accusative plural)
abatu (instrumental singular)
abatiem (instrumental plural)
abatā (locative singular)
abatos (locative plural)
abat (singular vocative)
abati (plural vocative)

Via other European languages, ultimately borrowed from Latin abbās (“father”), from Ancient Greek ἀββᾶς (abbâs), from Aramaic אבא (’abbā, “father”).

abats ir Romas katoļu baznīcas goda tituls

abbot is an honorific title of the Roman Catholic church

abats nēsā mitru un gana zizli

the abbot carries a mitre (hat) and a shepherd's staff

abbot (the (male) leader of a Catholic abbey or monastery)


latvis

latvis m (2nd declension, feminine form: latve)

latve (feminine)
latvis (nominative singular)
latvji (nominative plural)
latvja (genitive singular)
latvju (genitive plural)
latvim (dative singular)
latvjiem (dative plural)
latvi (accusative singular)
latvjus (accusative plural)
latvi (instrumental singular)
latvjiem (instrumental plural)
latvī (locative singular)
latvjos (locative plural)
latvi (singular vocative)
latvji (plural vocative)

→ German: Lette

→ Russian: латы́ш (latýš)

Presumably from earlier *latuvis or *latavis, apparently from a proper name *Latuva or *Latava, applying to some region or river (cf. similar river names in Lithuania: Latavà, Latuvà, also Lãtupis. The initial element Lat-, also found in latgalis (“Latgalian”), may itself have come from an old river name *Lata, perhaps from Proto-Baltic *lat-, from Proto-Indo-European *lat-, *let-, *lot- (“to flow”), reflected in Old Irish laith (“liquid; ale, liquor”) (< *lati), lathach (“silt, mud”) (< *latàkā), Old Norse leþja (“clay; dregs, sludge”), Old High German letto (“clay”), and perhaps Ancient Greek λάταξ (látax, “drop”).
There are other river and lake names in Europe with a possibly related element lat-, let- in them (Letes, Late, Latupi, Lator patak, Latorica, Lataná). The term latvis, mentioned since the 17th century, was in principle replaced by latvietis already in the 19th century, but was reintroduced into the standard language from poetry. Cognates include Lithuanian lãtvis, Russian латыш (latyš), Polish Łotysz, German Lette, English Lett, Estonian läti, Finnish lätti.

a (male) Latvian, a Lett; a member of the Latvian ethnic group

latvju dainas

latvju zeme

latvju strēlnieki

(genitive plural): Latvian, pertaining to Latvia and its people


vīrs

vīrs (nominative singular)
vīri (nominative plural)
vīra (genitive singular)
vīru (genitive plural)
vīram (dative singular)
vīriem (dative plural)
vīru (accusative singular)
vīrus (accusative plural)
vīru (instrumental singular)
vīriem (instrumental plural)
vīrā (locative singular)
vīros (locative plural)
vīrs (singular vocative)
vīri (plural vocative)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *wī́ˀras, from Proto-Indo-European *wiHrós “man” < “strong one”, from the stem *weyh₁- (“to go, move in a straight direction; to be strong”) (cf. Latin vīs (“strength”)). Cognates include Lithuanian výras, Old Prussian wijrs, wirs, Gothic 𐍅𐌰𐌹𐍂 (wair), Old High German wer, Old Norse verr, Old Irish fer, Sanskrit वीर (vīrá), Avestan 𐬬𐬌𐬭𐬀 (vira), 𐬬𐬍𐬭𐬀 (vīra), Latin vir.

pusmūža vīrs

stalts vīrs

omulīgs vīrs

lāga vīrs

spēka vīrs

goda vīrs

īsts vīrs

vīru koris, vīriešu koris

sardzes vīrs

darba vīrs

karavīrs

ugunsdzēsēju komandas vīri

fire-brigade men (= firemen, firefighters)

(in combination with a word describing an occupation) a man who works, deals with something


cinamons

cinamons (nominative singular)
cinamoni (nominative plural)
cinamona (genitive singular)
cinamonu (genitive plural)
cinamonam (dative singular)
cinamoniem (dative plural)
cinamonu (accusative singular)
cinamonus (accusative plural)
cinamonu (instrumental singular)
cinamoniem (instrumental plural)
cinamonā (locative singular)
cinamonos (locative plural)
cinamon (singular vocative)
cinamoni (plural vocative)


pūķis

pūķis (nominative singular)
pūķi (nominative plural)
pūķa (genitive singular)
pūķu (genitive plural)
pūķim (dative singular)
pūķiem (dative plural)
pūķi (accusative singular)
pūķus (accusative plural)
pūķi (instrumental singular)
pūķiem (instrumental plural)
pūķī (locative singular)
pūķos (locative plural)
pūķi (singular vocative)
pūķi (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Old Norse púki (“demon, evil spirit”), from Proto-Germanic *pūkô; compare Swedish puke (“house spirit”).

naudas pūķis

mantas pūķis

(mythology, religion) in old Latvian mythology, a household spirit that could be bought, bred, or stolen, and protected the wealth of his owner

pūķis ar deviņām galvām

pūķa gads

the year of the dragon (Chinese calendar)

dragon, winged serpent (reptilian monster that spits fire and devours people and animals)

papīra pūķis

daudzplākšņu pūķi

kite (toy made usually of colored paper that flies in the air, and is controlled from below with a line)


vilna

vilna (nominative singular)
vilnas (genitive singular)
vilnai (dative singular)
vilnu (accusative singular)
vilnu (instrumental singular)
vilnā (locative singular)
vilna (singular vocative)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *wílˀnāˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂wĺ̥h₁neh₂. Cognates include Lithuanian vìlna, Old Prussian wilna, wilnis (“skirt [< made of wool]”), Old East Slavic вълна (vŭlna), Russian dialectal во́лна (vólna, “wool, woolen fabric”), Belarusian во́ўна (vóŭna), Ukrainian во́вна (vóvna), Bulgarian въ́лна (vǎ́lna), Czech vlna, Slovak vlna, Polish wełna, Proto-Germanic *wullō (Gothic 𐍅𐌿𐌻𐌻𐌰 (wulla), Old High German wolla, German Wolle, English wool), Hittite ḫulana-, Sanskrit ऊर्णा (ū́rṇā) (from *ul̥), Ancient Greek λῆνος (lênos) (Doric λᾶνος (lânos), Latin lāna (Italian, Spanish lana, Romanian lână, Portuguese lã).

vilnas dzija, audums

vilnas cimdi, zeķes, sega

vilnas lakats, kleita

wool (something made of this animal hair: yarn, fabric, clothes)


Marija

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in 1460. From Latin Maria, from Ancient Greek Μαρία (María), Μαριάμ (Mariám), ultimately from Hebrew מִרְיָם (miryám). Cognate to English Mary.


Ādams

First recorded in 1522. Ultimately from Hebrew. Cognate to English Adam.


ideja

ideja (nominative singular)
idejas (nominative plural)
idejas (genitive singular)
ideju (genitive plural)
idejai (dative singular)
idejām (dative plural)
ideju (accusative singular)
idejas (accusative plural)
ideju (instrumental singular)
idejām (instrumental plural)
idejā (locative singular)
idejās (locative plural)
ideja (singular vocative)
idejas (plural vocative)

Via other European languages, ultimately borrowed from Latin idea (“a (Platonic) idea; archetype”), from Ancient Greek ἰδέα (idéa, “notion, pattern”), from εἴδω (eídō, “I see”).

der

ideju asociācija

visas idejas ņemtas no pieredzes, tās ir īstenības atspoguļojumi - vai nu pareizi, vai arī sagrozīti

all ideas are taken from experience, they are reflections of reality, either correct or altered

slimnieks sapņo, ka iet gar ezera krastu... sausuma sajūta mutē sapņos transformējusies idejā par ūdeni

the patient dreams that he is walking along a lake shore... the dry feeling in (his) mouth has been transformed into the idea of water

idea (a concept or mental image that reflects reality in a person's consciousness)

miera ideja

tautu draudzības ideja

cīnīties par progresīvām idejām

Ļeņina idejas dziļi ietekmējušas un joprojām ietekmē visu pasaules attīstības gaitu

Lenin's ideas have deeply influenced and are still influencing the development pace of the entire world

idea (the main, essential principle of something; conviction)

prātā ienāca laba ideja

tā ir pārdroša ideja

ideja par Rūdolfa Blaumaņa pieminekļa celšanu radās jau 1922 gadā

the idea of building a monument to Rūdolfs Blaumanis appeared already in 1922

daiļdarba ideja

lugas galvenā ideja

Rainis ir ideju dzejnieks

stāsta galvenais trūkums ir autora idejas neskaidrība

the main drawback of the story is the unclearness of the author's idea

idea (the main thought, topic, theme, question, e.g. in a work of art)


emocija

emocija (nominative singular)
emocijas (nominative plural)
emocijas (genitive singular)
emociju (genitive plural)
emocijai (dative singular)
emocijām (dative plural)
emociju (accusative singular)
emocijas (accusative plural)
emociju (instrumental singular)
emocijām (instrumental plural)
emocijā (locative singular)
emocijās (locative plural)
emocija (singular vocative)
emocijas (plural vocative)

Ultimately from French émotion, probably via some other European language (maybe German or Russian).

pozitīvas un negatīvas emocijas

emociju suģestējošais spēks

bez emocijām nav domājama rationāla sfēra

without emotions the rational sphere is not thinkable

(chiefly in the plural) emotion, emotions (feelings, emotional states)


A diacritical mark of the Latin script, called garumzīme (“macron”) in Latvian, and found on Ā/ā, Ē/ē, Ī/ī and Ū/ū.


A diacritical mark of the Latin script, called sediļa, "āķītis," mīkstinājuma zīme (“cedilla”) in Latvian, and found on Ģ/ģ, Ķ/ķ, Ļ/ļ and Ņ/ņ.


sieviete

sieviete (nominative singular)
sievietes (nominative plural)
sievietes (genitive singular)
sieviešu (genitive plural)
sievietei (dative singular)
sievietēm (dative plural)
sievieti (accusative singular)
sievietes (accusative plural)
sievieti (instrumental singular)
sievietēm (instrumental plural)
sievietē (locative singular)
sievietēs (locative plural)
sieviete (singular vocative)
sievietes (plural vocative)

From sieva (“wife, woman”) + -iete. First attested in the 19th century, apparently coined by analogy with vīrietis (“man”) (compare an original variant sievietis) as sieva gradually shifted its basic meaning to “wife”.

sieviešu dzimte

jauna, veca sievete

neprecējusies sieviete

sieviešu koris

sievietes higinēa

sieviešu jautājumi

sieviešu kustība


kafija

kafija (nominative singular)
kafijas (nominative plural)
kafijas (genitive singular)
kafiju (genitive plural)
kafijai (dative singular)
kafijām (dative plural)
kafiju (accusative singular)
kafijas (accusative plural)
kafiju (instrumental singular)
kafijām (instrumental plural)
kafijā (locative singular)
kafijās (locative plural)
kafija (singular vocative)
kafijas (plural vocative)


tēja

tēja (nominative singular)
tējas (nominative plural)
tējas (genitive singular)
tēju (genitive plural)
tējai (dative singular)
tējām (dative plural)
tēju (accusative singular)
tējas (accusative plural)
tēju (instrumental singular)
tējām (instrumental plural)
tējā (locative singular)
tējās (locative plural)
tēja (singular vocative)
tējas (plural vocative)

From Hokkien (POJ: tê, Chinese: 茶), via Dutch thee. The Mandarin pronunciation of the same word — tša — gave rise to the word for “tea” in other European languages (compare Russian чай (čaj), Portuguese chá).

ievākt tēju

melnã, zaļā tēja

Indijas, Ķīnas tēja

tējas paciņa

tea leaves (leaves of the tea plant, especially processed and dried)

vārīt, dzert tēju

tēja ar citronu

tējas glāze, tase

karsta, smaržīga, stipra tēja

zāļu tēja

aveņu tēja

liet tēju glāzes

pielikt tējai cukuru

tea (infusion of tea leaves, or of the leaves of other, similar plants)

ielūgt uz tēju

tea, tea party (a gathering or party where tea is served)


bārenis

lv-noun

bārenis m (2nd declension, feminine form: bārene)

bārene (feminine)
bārenis (nominative singular)
bāreņi (nominative plural)
bāreņa (genitive singular)
bāreņu (genitive plural)
bārenim (dative singular)
bāreņiem (dative plural)
bāreni (accusative singular)
bāreņus (accusative plural)
bāreni (instrumental singular)
bāreņiem (instrumental plural)
bārenī (locative singular)
bāreņos (locative plural)
bāreni (singular vocative)
bāreņi (plural vocative)

From bārs (“lonely”) + -enis, possibly originally a diminutive form.

apaļš bārenis

kļūt bārenim

bāreņu aizbildnis

pierādīt vajag, ka ir apaļš bārenis, ne tēva, ne mātes

(he) needs to prove that he is a full orphan without father and mother

(male) orphan (a boy who has lost one or both parents)


tomātu mērce

tomātu mērce (nominative singular)
tomātu mērces (nominative plural)
tomātu mērces (genitive singular)
tomātu mērču (genitive plural)
tomātu mērcei (dative singular)
tomātu mērcēm (dative plural)
tomātu mērci (accusative singular)
tomātu mērces (accusative plural)
tomātu mērci (instrumental singular)
tomātu mērcēm (instrumental plural)
tomātu mērcē (locative singular)
tomātu mērcēs (locative plural)
tomātu mērce (singular vocative)
tomātu mērces (plural vocative)


mīlēt

head

mīlēt (transitive, 3rd conjugation, present mīlu, mīli, mīl, past mīlēju)

conjugation (third-person)
mīlu (present)
mīli (present)
mīl (present)
mīlēju (past)
mīlu (first-person indicative present singular)
mīlēju (first-person indicative past singular)
mīlēšu (first-person future indicative singular)
mīli (indicative present second-person singular)
mīlēji (indicative past second-person singular)
mīlēsi (future indicative second-person singular)
mīli (imperative second-person singular)
mīl (indicative present singular third-person)
mīlēja (indicative past singular third-person)
mīlēs (future indicative singular third-person)
lai mīl (imperative singular third-person)
mīlam (first-person indicative plural present)
mīlējām (first-person indicative past plural)
mīlēsim (first-person future indicative plural)
mīlēsim (first-person imperative plural)
mīlat (indicative plural present second-person)
mīlējāt (indicative past plural second-person)
mīlēsiet (future indicative plural second-person)
mīlēsit (future indicative plural second-person)
mīliet (imperative plural second-person)
mīl (indicative plural present third-person)
mīlēja (indicative past plural third-person)
mīlēs (future indicative plural third-person)
lai mīl (imperative plural third-person)
mīlot (present renarrative)
mīlošs (active adjectival participle participle-1 present)
esot mīlējis (past renarrative)
mīlēdams (active adverbial participle participle-2 present)
mīlēšot (future renarrative)
mīlot (active adverbial participle participle-3 present)
lai mīlot (imperative)
mīlam (active participle participle-4 present)
mīlējis (active participle past)
mīlētu (conditional present)
mīlams (participle passive present)
būtu mīlējis (conditional past)
mīlēts (participle passive past)
jāmīl (debitive indicative)
būt jāmīl (debitive indicative)
mīlēt (infinitive)
esot jāmīl (conjunctive conjunctive-1 debitive)
nemīlēt (infinitive negative)
jāmīlot (conjunctive conjunctive-2 debitive)
mīlēšana (noun-from-verb)

From mīls, a dialectal variant of mīļš (“dear, beloved”) (q.v.). This verb was originally in the 2nd conjugation, but it migrated to the 3rd (mīlē > mīl “s/he loves”; mīlē still occurs in some dialects). Cognates include Lithuanian mylė́ti (“to love”), Old Prussian milijt ([mīlīt]), Sudovian miłdat ([mildāt]?).

mēs viens otru neprātīgi mīlējām

mīlēt šo sievieti bijā viņa liktenis

es iešu tikai pie tā cilvēka, kuru mīlēšu

I will go (= marry) only that person (= man) whom I (will) love

to love, to feel love for (to desire a romantic relation with someone, to be romantically attracted to someone)


Ieva

Ieva (nominative singular)
Ievas (genitive singular)
Ievai (dative singular)
Ievu (accusative singular)
Ievu (instrumental singular)
Ievā (locative singular)
Ieva (singular vocative)

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in 1743. From Latin Eva, ultimately from Hebrew. Also a plant name from ieva (“bird cherry”).


joks

joks (nominative singular)
joki (nominative plural)
joka (genitive singular)
joku (genitive plural)
jokam (dative singular)
jokiem (dative plural)
joku (accusative singular)
jokus (accusative plural)
joku (instrumental singular)
jokiem (instrumental plural)
jokā (locative singular)
jokos (locative plural)
jok (singular vocative)
joki (plural vocative)

From Proto-Baltic *yuok-, from Proto-Indo-European *yōk-, the o-grade of *yek- (“to speak”) (whence also Sanskrit याचति (yā́cati, “to ask, to beg”) < (“to say solemnly”)). A minority opinion is that joks is a borrowing from Latin iocus, via a Germanic language. The term is attested in 17th-century dictionaries, where smiekli (“laugh”) is a synonym; these terms became semantically differentiatiated by the mid-19th century, when the meaning of smiekli was broadened. Cognates include Lithuanian juõkas (“laugh, laughter; joke, joking; jesting, fun”), Latin iocus (“joke, jest”).

cog

asprātīgi, muļķīgi, sekli joki

stāstīt jokus

tas tik bija joks!

joku stāsts

joka pēc, joka dēļ

humoram jāieņem liela vieta cilvēka dzīvē... bez joka, bez smiekliem nevar dzīvot!

humor must take an important part in human life... without joke(s), without laughs one cannot live!

joke, jest (words or behavior that amuses, causes laughter)


Obadja

Obadja (nominative singular)
Obadjas (nominative plural)
Obadjas (genitive singular)
Obadju (genitive plural)
Obadjai (dative singular)
Obadjām (dative plural)
Obadju (accusative singular)
Obadjas (accusative plural)
Obadju (instrumental singular)
Obadjām (instrumental plural)
Obadjā (locative singular)
Obadjās (locative plural)
Obadja (singular vocative)
Obadjas (plural vocative)


humoriste

lv-noun

humoriste f (5th declension, masculine form: humorists)

humorists (masculine)
humoriste (nominative singular)
humoristes (nominative plural)
humoristes (genitive singular)
humoristu (genitive plural)
humoristei (dative singular)
humoristēm (dative plural)
humoristi (accusative singular)
humoristes (accusative plural)
humoristi (instrumental singular)
humoristēm (instrumental plural)
humoristē (locative singular)
humoristēs (locative plural)
humoriste (singular vocative)
humoristes (plural vocative)

From humorists (“humorist, comedian”) + -e (“fem.”).

suffix

humoriste Jolanda Suvorova atsākusi smēķēt

comedienne Jolanda Suvorova has resumed smoking

(female) humorist, comedian, comedienne (a (female) artist who portrays the world in a humorous, comic way)


Izraēla

Izraēla (nominative singular)
Izraēlas (genitive singular)
Izraēlai (dative singular)
Izraēlu (accusative singular)
Izraēlu (instrumental singular)
Izraēlā (locative singular)
Izraēla (singular vocative)

Via other European languages, ultimately borrowed from Hebrew יִשְׂרָאֵל (yisra'él, “Israel”), which, in Biblical Hebrew, means "he who wrestles with God" (a Biblical name for Jacob after he wrestles with an adversary, later extended to cover the Jewish people and their land).

(biblical) Israel (A Biblical region of Western Asia roughly coextensive with the modern State of Israel, known in the Bible as the Land of Israel and considered the ancestral homeland of the Jewish people)

(historical) Israel (an ancient kingdom in Western Asia, roughly coextensive with the modern State of Israel and the Land of Israel)

(historical) Israel (an ancient kingdom that occupied the northern part of the Land of Israel and modern State of Israel, as distinct from Judah)


mauka

mauka (nominative singular)
maukas (nominative plural)
maukas (genitive singular)
mauku (genitive plural)
maukai (dative singular)
maukām (dative plural)
mauku (accusative singular)
maukas (accusative plural)
mauku (instrumental singular)
maukām (instrumental plural)
maukā (locative singular)
maukās (locative plural)
mauka (singular vocative)
maukas (plural vocative)

mauku māja

nosaukt par mauku

pieķert vīrieti pie maukas

(colloquial, derogatory, vulgar) indecent, dissolute woman; prostitute, whore