gudrības zobs

gudrības zobs (nominative singular)
gudrības zobi (nominative plural)
gudrības zoba (genitive singular)
gudrības zobu (genitive plural)
gudrības zobam (dative singular)
gudrības zobiem (dative plural)
gudrības zobu (accusative singular)
gudrības zobus (accusative plural)
gudrības zobu (instrumental singular)
gudrības zobiem (instrumental plural)
gudrības zobā (locative singular)
gudrības zobos (locative plural)
gudrības zob (singular vocative)
gudrības zobi (plural vocative)

paši pēdējie dzerokļi (pa vienam katrā žokļu pusē) izaug parasti ne āgrāk kā 18 gadu vecumā, bet nereti pat ap 25.-30. dzīves gadu, un tos sauc par gudrības zobiem

the very last molars, one on each side of the jaw, grow usually only after 18 years of age, and often only around the 25th-30th year of life; these are called wisdom teeth

(anatomy) wisdom tooth (the last (third) molar in humans)


vesels

head

vesels (definite veselais, comparative veselāks, superlative visveselākais, adverb veseli)

veselais (definite)
veselāks (comparative)
visveselākais (superlative)
veseli (adverb)
vesels (masculine nominative singular)
veseli (masculine nominative plural)
vesela (feminine nominative singular)
veselas (feminine nominative plural)
vesela (genitive masculine singular)
veselu (genitive masculine plural)
veselas (feminine genitive singular)
veselu (feminine genitive plural)
veselam (dative masculine singular)
veseliem (dative masculine plural)
veselai (dative feminine singular)
veselām (dative feminine plural)
veselu (accusative masculine singular)
veselus (accusative masculine plural)
veselu (accusative feminine singular)
veselas (accusative feminine plural)
veselu (instrumental masculine singular)
veseliem (instrumental masculine plural)
veselu (feminine instrumental singular)
veselām (feminine instrumental plural)
veselā (locative masculine singular)
veselos (locative masculine plural)
veselā (feminine locative singular)
veselās (feminine locative plural)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *wéselas, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁wésus (“good, excellent, happy”) with an extra -el. The original meaning was thus “cheerful, happy,” by extension “one who has nothing to suffer from, who is not sick” and then “healthy,” from which also “not damaged,” “whole, not divided.” Cognates include dialectal Lithuanian vẽselas, vesẽlas (“joyous, happy”), Old Prussian wessals (“cheerful”), wesliskan (“cheerfulness”, accusative), Old Church Slavonic веселъ (veselŭ), Russian весёлый (vesjólyj), ве́сел (vésel, “cheerful, happy”), Belarusian вясёлы (vjasjóly), Ukrainian весе́лий (vesélyj), Bulgarian ве́сел (vésel), Czech veselý, Polish wesoły, Sanskrit वसु (vásu, “excellent, great”), Avestan 𐬬𐬊𐬵𐬎 (vohu, “good, advantageous, suitable”).

cog

vesels bērns

veseli teļi

veseli stādi, ziedi

veseli zobi

kļūt veselam

justies veselam

vesels kā rutks

vesels kā ābols

sveiks un vesels

redziet, Arvīds ir pilnīgi vesels, rīt viņš izrakstās no slimnīcas

look, Arvīds is fully healthy, tomorrow they will let him go from the hospital

veselais cilvēks daudz nedomā par savu ķermeni

the healthy person does not think much abuot his/her body

es nekad neslimoju, esmu vesels kā rutks!

I am never sick, I am as healthy as a black radish (= very healthy)

healthy (not sick, not wounded; being in good health)


nāss

nāss (nominative singular)
nāsis (nominative plural)
nāss (genitive singular)
nāšu (genitive plural)
nāsij (dative singular)
nāsīm (dative plural)
nāsi (accusative singular)
nāsis (accusative plural)
nāsi (instrumental singular)
nāsīm (instrumental plural)
nāsī (locative singular)
nāsīs (locative plural)
nāss (singular vocative)
nāsis (plural vocative)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *nāsis, from Proto-Indo-European *nās-, an allomorph of *nas- (“nostril”). Semantic changes from “nose” to “nostril” or vice-versa were frequent in Indo-European. Cognates include Lithuanian nósis, Old Prussian nozy ([nōsi]), Sudovian nasis ([nāsis]) “nose”, Proto-Slavic *nosъ “nose” (from Proto-Balto-Slavic *nasús), Old English nasu, Old High German nasa, German Nase, English nose, Sanskrit नासा (nā́sā), Latin nāsus (“nose”), nāris (“nostril”) (< *nāsis).

jutīgas nāsis

platas nāsis

nāsis dreb

aizspiest nāsis

knišļi lien zirgam nāsīs

midges are crawling into the horse's nostrils

zaķa purniņš sāka raustīties, nāsis dzīvāk ošņāt

the hare's little muzzle began to twitch, (its) nostrils to sniff more actively

salda medus dvaša spiedās viņam mutē un nāsīs

the sweet breath (= smell) of honey pressed itself into his mouth and nostrils

(anatomy) nostril (one of two openings at the bottom of the nose)


rudmatis

lv-noun

rudmatis m (2nd declension, feminine form: rudmate)

rudmate (feminine)
rudmatis (nominative singular)
rudmati (nominative plural)
rudmata (genitive singular)
rudmatu (genitive plural)
rudmatim (dative singular)
rudmatiem (dative plural)
rudmati (accusative singular)
rudmatus (accusative plural)
rudmati (instrumental singular)
rudmatiem (instrumental plural)
rudmatī (locative singular)
rudmatos (locative plural)
rudmati (singular vocative)
rudmati (plural vocative)

From ruds (“red, reddish”) + mats (“hair”), made into a second-declension masculine noun (ending -is).

sengrieķi uzskatīja, ka rudmatis pēc savas nāves pārvēršas par kaut ko vampīram lidzīgu

the Ancient Greeks thought that a readhead, after his death, would become something like a vampire

(male) redhead, red-haired man (a man having red hair)


bloķēt

head

bloķēt (transitive, 2nd conjugation, present bloķēju, bloķē, bloķē, past bloķēju)

conjugation (second-person)
bloķēju (present)
bloķē (present)
bloķēju (past)
bloķēju (first-person indicative present singular)
bloķēju (first-person indicative past singular)
bloķēšu (first-person future indicative singular)
bloķē (indicative present second-person singular)
bloķēji (indicative past second-person singular)
bloķēsi (future indicative second-person singular)
bloķē (imperative second-person singular)
bloķē (indicative present singular third-person)
bloķēja (indicative past singular third-person)
bloķēs (future indicative singular third-person)
lai bloķē (imperative singular third-person)
bloķējam (first-person indicative plural present)
bloķējām (first-person indicative past plural)
bloķēsim (first-person future indicative plural)
bloķēsim (first-person imperative plural)
bloķējat (indicative plural present second-person)
bloķējāt (indicative past plural second-person)
bloķēsiet (future indicative plural second-person)
bloķēsit (future indicative plural second-person)
bloķējiet (imperative plural second-person)
bloķē (indicative plural present third-person)
bloķēja (indicative past plural third-person)
bloķēs (future indicative plural third-person)
lai bloķē (imperative plural third-person)
bloķējot (present renarrative)
bloķējošs (active adjectival participle participle-1 present)
esot bloķējis (past renarrative)
bloķēdams (active adverbial participle participle-2 present)
bloķēšot (future renarrative)
bloķējot (active adverbial participle participle-3 present)
lai bloķējot (imperative)
bloķējam (active participle participle-4 present)
bloķējis (active participle past)
bloķētu (conditional present)
bloķējams (participle passive present)
būtu bloķējis (conditional past)
bloķēts (participle passive past)
jābloķē (debitive indicative)
būt jābloķē (debitive indicative)
bloķēt (infinitive)
esot jābloķē (conjunctive conjunctive-1 debitive)
nebloķēt (infinitive negative)
jābloķējot (conjunctive conjunctive-2 debitive)
bloķēšana (noun-from-verb)

Via other European languages, apparently ultimately borrowed from French bloquer (“to block”), itself a borrowing from Germanic (cf. German Block, Dutch blok, English block).

(physiology) to block (to make an organ, a system stop working)


mezgls

mezgls (nominative singular)
mezgli (nominative plural)
mezgla (genitive singular)
mezglu (genitive plural)
mezglam (dative singular)
mezgliem (dative plural)
mezglu (accusative singular)
mezglus (accusative plural)
mezglu (instrumental singular)
mezgliem (instrumental plural)
mezglā (locative singular)
mezglos (locative plural)
mezgl (singular vocative)
mezgli (plural vocative)

Perhaps originally an adjective (“knotty”) with an extra l (there are dialectal forms without l, like mezgs “knotty”, as well as older parallel forms with a, like its Lithuanian cognate), from an earlier Proto-Baltic verb *mezg-ti “to braid, to tie in a knot” (cf. its still extant iterative form mežģīt), from Proto-Indo-European *mezg- (“to knit, to tie, to bind”), from which perhaps also mest “to throw” (q.v.). Cognates include Lithuanian mãzgas, dialectal mẽzgas, Old High German māsca, Old English max, mǣscr (“loop, stitch”), Old Norse mǫskvi (“loop, stitch”).

der

vairogdziedzera mezgli

hemoroīdu mezgli

limfātisks mezgls

nervu mezgls

kukurūzas stiebra mezgli

Labāk varēs izcirst sakņu mezglus.

It will be easier to cut the (tree) root nodes (= tight bunch of roots twisted together).

(biology, anatomy) node, nodule (a thickening of some tissue, usually round or oval; a place where many fibrous elements come together)


ziepes

ziepes (nominative plural)
ziepju (genitive plural)
ziepēm (dative plural)
ziepes (accusative plural)
ziepēm (instrumental plural)
ziepēs (locative plural)
ziepes (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Middle Low German sepe, seepe or Middle Dutch zepe “soap,” first attested in Latvian in 17th-century dictionaries.

cietās, šķidrās ziepes

pastveida, pulvera ziepes

veļas ziepes

medicīniskās ziepes

ziepju gabals

ziepju putas, burbulis

ziepju trauks

saimniecības ziepes

tualetes ziepes

bērnu ziepes

ūdens bija spirdzinoši auksts, rozā ziepes smaržoja pēc zemenēm

the water was crispy cold, the pink soap smelled like strawberries

soap (substance, synthetic or derived from fats, used for washing, usually in the form of a bar or as a liquid)


ziepjūdens

lv-noun

ziepjūdens m (2nd declension, irregular nominative, genitive)

ziepjūdens (nominative singular)
ziepjūdens (genitive singular)
ziepjūdenim (dative singular)
ziepjūdeni (accusative singular)
ziepjūdeni (instrumental singular)
ziepjūdenī (locative singular)
ziepjūdeni (singular vocative)

pēdas ar ādas sabiezējumiem vanno karstā ziepjūdenī

foot soles with thick (= hard) skin must be bathed in hot soapy water

soapy water (a solution of soap and water)


vannot

head

vannot (transitive, 2nd conjugation, present vannoju, vanno, vanno, past vannoju)

conjugation (second-person)
vannoju (present)
vanno (present)
vannoju (past)
vannoju (first-person indicative present singular)
vannoju (first-person indicative past singular)
vannošu (first-person future indicative singular)
vanno (indicative present second-person singular)
vannoji (indicative past second-person singular)
vannosi (future indicative second-person singular)
vanno (imperative second-person singular)
vanno (indicative present singular third-person)
vannoja (indicative past singular third-person)
vannos (future indicative singular third-person)
lai vanno (imperative singular third-person)
vannojam (first-person indicative plural present)
vannojām (first-person indicative past plural)
vannosim (first-person future indicative plural)
vannosim (first-person imperative plural)
vannojat (indicative plural present second-person)
vannojāt (indicative past plural second-person)
vannosiet (future indicative plural second-person)
vannosit (future indicative plural second-person)
vannojiet (imperative plural second-person)
vanno (indicative plural present third-person)
vannoja (indicative past plural third-person)
vannos (future indicative plural third-person)
lai vanno (imperative plural third-person)
vannojot (present renarrative)
vannojošs (active adjectival participle participle-1 present)
esot vannojis (past renarrative)
vannodams (active adverbial participle participle-2 present)
vannošot (future renarrative)
vannojot (active adverbial participle participle-3 present)
lai vannojot (imperative)
vannojam (active participle participle-4 present)
vannojis (active participle past)
vannotu (conditional present)
vannojams (participle passive present)
būtu vannojis (conditional past)
vannots (participle passive past)
jāvanno (debitive indicative)
būt jāvanno (debitive indicative)
vannot (infinitive)
esot jāvanno (conjunctive conjunctive-1 debitive)
nevannot (infinitive negative)
jāvannojot (conjunctive conjunctive-2 debitive)
vannošana (noun-from-verb)

From the same source as vanna (“bathtub”), made into a 2nd-conjugation verb (ending -ot).

vannot slimnieku

vannot sāpošu roku

slimais bērns svīst, un tāpēc viņš bieži jāvanno

the sick child sweats, and because of that he must be bathed often

kad bērni bija mazi, vīrs bieži viņus baroja, vannoja, mazgāja drēbītes

when the children were small, (my) husband often fed and bathed (them) and washed (their) little clothes

to bathe, wash (someone, something) in a bathtub, to make someone take a bath in a bathtub


zobakmens

zobakmens (nominative singular)
zobakmens (genitive singular)
zobakmenim (dative singular)
zobakmeni (accusative singular)
zobakmeni (instrumental singular)
zobakmenī (locative singular)
zobakmeni (singular vocative)
zobu akmens (alternative)

From zobu (“teeth[gen.]”) + akmens (“stone”). Probably a calque of German Zahnstein.

noņemt zobakmeni

ja regulāri netīra zobus, mīkstie nogulsnējumi pamazām piesūcas ar minerālvielām, kļūst iedzelteni, sacietē un pārvēršas zobakmenī

if one does not regularly cleans (one's) teeth, the soft deposits gradually absorb mineral salts and become yellowish, hardens and turns into tartar

sevišķi aktīvi zobakmens veidojas, ja ir iekaisušas smaganas

tartar is formed particularly actively when the gums are inflamed

(medicine, anatomy) tartar, dental calculus (a hard, yellow deposit on the teeth)


pēda

pēda (nominative singular)
pēdas (nominative plural)
pēdas (genitive singular)
pēdu (genitive plural)
pēdai (dative singular)
pēdām (dative plural)
pēdu (accusative singular)
pēdas (accusative plural)
pēdu (instrumental singular)
pēdām (instrumental plural)
pēdā (locative singular)
pēdās (locative plural)
pēda (singular vocative)
pēdas (plural vocative)


krūtis

krūtis (nominative plural)
krūšu (genitive plural)
krūtīm (dative plural)
krūtis (accusative plural)
krūtīm (instrumental plural)
krūtīs (locative plural)
krūtis (plural vocative)

From Proto-Indo-European *krū̆t- (“protuberance, breast, belly”), probably related to *krew- (“curve”), *(s)ker- (“to turn”), *(s)krew-. Possibly related to Old Irish crott (“lute”), Proto-Germanic *hraukaz (“pile, stack”), but these connections are uncertain.


ājurvēda

ājurvēda (nominative singular)
ājurvēdas (nominative plural)
ājurvēdas (genitive singular)
ājurvēdu (genitive plural)
ājurvēdai (dative singular)
ājurvēdām (dative plural)
ājurvēdu (accusative singular)
ājurvēdas (accusative plural)
ājurvēdu (instrumental singular)
ājurvēdām (instrumental plural)
ājurvēdā (locative singular)
ājurvēdās (locative plural)
ājurvēda (singular vocative)
ājurvēdas (plural vocative)
ajurvēda (alternative)
ajūrvēda (alternative)
ājūrvēda (alternative)

Ultimately from Sanskrit आयुर्वेद (āyurveda).

Ayurveda (ancient Indian healing system, the main principles of which are maintaining balance in the body, following a diet, and treating with plants)


apinis

apinis (nominative singular)
apiņi (nominative plural)
apiņa (genitive singular)
apiņu (genitive plural)
apinim (dative singular)
apiņiem (dative plural)
apini (accusative singular)
apiņus (accusative plural)
apini (instrumental singular)
apiņiem (instrumental plural)
apinī (locative singular)
apiņos (locative plural)
apini (singular vocative)
apiņi (plural vocative)
apīnis (alternative)

From the same source as the verb vīt (“to wind, to wreathe”) (q.v.), with an extra prefix ap- and suffix -ni̯o, leading to *apvīnis > apīnis, apinis (the disappearance of v after p is sporadically attested elsewhere; cf. apaļš < *apval-); the original meaning was probably “woven one.” The variant with a short i probably resulted from the influence of words containing the suffix -enis, -inis (e.g., putenis, dialectal putinis). Cognates include Lithuanian apynỹs, dialectal apvynỹs.

meža, dārza apiņi

apiņu stīgas

šķīt apiņus

pielikt alum apiņus

apiņi alus darīšanai

Ļoti labi dzīvžogam vai ēkas fasādes apzaļošanai var izmantot parastos apiņus

it is quite possible to use common hops to make hedges or building façades

Humulus lupulus
Humulus lupulus#Translingual

(chiefly plural) hops (plant, esp. Humulus lupulus, with cones used in the beer industry and in medicine; the cones of this plant)


entēze

entēze (nominative singular)
entēzes (nominative plural)
entēzes (genitive singular)
entēžu (genitive plural)
entēzei (dative singular)
entēzēm (dative plural)
entēzi (accusative singular)
entēzes (accusative plural)
entēzi (instrumental singular)
entēzēm (instrumental plural)
entēzē (locative singular)
entēzēs (locative plural)
entēze (singular vocative)
entēzes (plural vocative)


aplikācija

aplikācija (nominative singular)
aplikācijas (nominative plural)
aplikācijas (genitive singular)
aplikāciju (genitive plural)
aplikācijai (dative singular)
aplikācijām (dative plural)
aplikāciju (accusative singular)
aplikācijas (accusative plural)
aplikāciju (instrumental singular)
aplikācijām (instrumental plural)
aplikācijā (locative singular)
aplikācijās (locative plural)
aplikācija (singular vocative)
aplikācijas (plural vocative)

Via other European languages, ultimately borrowed from Latin applicātiō, from applicō (“apply”), made into a 4th-declension feminine noun ( + -ācija). The sense "applique" is probably due to the influence of the French term appliqué.

parafīna aplikācija

pēc dūņu aplikācijām asinīs samazinās askorbīnskābes daudzums

after applications of mud, the amount of ascorbic acid in the blood decreases

(medicine) application (substances applied to an area of the skin for medicinal purposes)


krūts

krūts (nominative singular)
krūtis (nominative plural)
krūts (genitive singular)
krūšu (genitive plural)
krūtij (dative singular)
krūtīm (dative plural)
krūti (accusative singular)
krūtis (accusative plural)
krūti (instrumental singular)
krūtīm (instrumental plural)
krūtī (locative singular)
krūtīs (locative plural)
krūts (singular vocative)
krūtis (plural vocative)


pacients

lv-noun

pacients m (1st declension, feminine form: paciente)

paciente (feminine)
pacients (nominative singular)
pacienti (nominative plural)
pacienta (genitive singular)
pacientu (genitive plural)
pacientam (dative singular)
pacientiem (dative plural)
pacientu (accusative singular)
pacientus (accusative plural)
pacientu (instrumental singular)
pacientiem (instrumental plural)
pacientā (locative singular)
pacientos (locative plural)
pacient (singular vocative)
pacienti (plural vocative)


niere

niere (nominative singular)
nieres (nominative plural)
nieres (genitive singular)
nieru (genitive plural)
nierei (dative singular)
nierēm (dative plural)
nieri (accusative singular)
nieres (accusative plural)
nieri (instrumental singular)
nierēm (instrumental plural)
nierē (locative singular)
nierēs (locative plural)
niere (singular vocative)
nieres (plural vocative)


plauksta

plauksta (nominative singular)
plaukstas (nominative plural)
plaukstas (genitive singular)
plaukstu (genitive plural)
plaukstai (dative singular)
plaukstām (dative plural)
plaukstu (accusative singular)
plaukstas (accusative plural)
plaukstu (instrumental singular)
plaukstām (instrumental plural)
plaukstā (locative singular)
plaukstās (locative plural)
plauksta (singular vocative)
plaukstas (plural vocative)

Cognate with Russian плюсна́ (pljusná), from Proto-Balto-Slavic *pl(j)ousk-. Pokorny compares Latin plautus (“flatfooted”), Latin plaudo (“I applaud”), Ancient Greek πλαίσιον (plaísion, “oblong case”), but a shared origin for all of these words is far from certain; possibly Proto-Indo-European *pleth₂- (“flat”).


audzējs

audzējs (nominative singular)
audzēji (nominative plural)
audzēja (genitive singular)
audzēju (genitive plural)
audzējam (dative singular)
audzējiem (dative plural)
audzēju (accusative singular)
audzējus (accusative plural)
audzēju (instrumental singular)
audzējiem (instrumental plural)
audzējā (locative singular)
audzējos (locative plural)
audzēj (singular vocative)
audzēji (plural vocative)

labdabīgs, ļaundabīgs audzējs

izoperēt audzēju

to operate (= surgically remove) a tumor

ļaundabīgo audzēju āgra diagnostika un ārtēšana ir viena no svarīgākajām problēmām mūsdienu medicīnā

the early diagnosis and treatment of malignant tumors is one of the most important problems in modern medicine

pasaule runāja, ka viņš savā laikā pārdzēries un no tā dabūjis iekšās audzēju

people said that he in his time drank too much, and because of that he got an internal (stomach) tumor

(oncology, pathology) tumor (an abnormal tissue growth in a human or animal)


inspirācija

inspirācija (nominative singular)
inspirācijas (genitive singular)
inspirācijai (dative singular)
inspirāciju (accusative singular)
inspirāciju (instrumental singular)
inspirācijā (locative singular)
inspirācija (singular vocative)

Via other European languages, ultimately borrowed from Late Latin inspīrātiō, from inspīrō (“to breathe into”), made into a 4th declension feminine noun ( + -ācija).

inspirācijas ilgums

inspirācijas ritms

(physiology) inspiration, inhalation, inhaling (the drawing of breath into the lungs)


spļāviens

spļāviens (nominative singular)
spļāvieni (nominative plural)
spļāviena (genitive singular)
spļāvienu (genitive plural)
spļāvienam (dative singular)
spļāvieniem (dative plural)
spļāvienu (accusative singular)
spļāvienus (accusative plural)
spļāvienu (instrumental singular)
spļāvieniem (instrumental plural)
spļāvienā (locative singular)
spļāvienos (locative plural)
spļāvien (singular vocative)
spļāvieni (plural vocative)

From spļaut (past stem: spļāv-) + -iens.

suffix

spļaut <small>(past stem: spļāv-)</small>

spit (the saliva thrown out of one's mouth)


siekalas

siekalas (nominative plural)
siekalu (genitive plural)
siekalām (dative plural)
siekalas (accusative plural)
siekalām (instrumental plural)
siekalās (locative plural)
siekalas (plural vocative)

From the same stem as slieka (“earthworm”) (q.v.), with dissimilation (*sliekalas > siekalas); note dialectal forms like sliekas (“saliva”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *sley- (“slimy, slippery, glide”).
The synonymous word slienas comes also from the same stem, but with an extra n instead of an extra k.

der

siekalu dziedzeri

siekalu pilieni

siekalas saskrien mutē

izspļaut siekalas

siekalas tek

saliva is flowing (= one wants something very much)

siekalas samitrina sauso uzturu un noskalo no mutes gļotādas kaitīgās un liekās vielas

saliva moistens the dry food and washes away harmful substances from the mouth surface

(usually in the plural) saliva (secretions of the glands in the mouth)


stādīt

head

stādīt (transitive, 3rd conjugation, present stādu, stādi, stāda, past stādīju)

conjugation (third-person)
stādu (present)
stādi (present)
stāda (present)
stādīju (past)
stādu (first-person indicative present singular)
stādīju (first-person indicative past singular)
stādīšu (first-person future indicative singular)
stādi (indicative present second-person singular)
stādīji (indicative past second-person singular)
stādīsi (future indicative second-person singular)
stādi (imperative second-person singular)
stāda (indicative present singular third-person)
stādīja (indicative past singular third-person)
stādīs (future indicative singular third-person)
lai stāda (imperative singular third-person)
stādām (first-person indicative plural present)
stādījām (first-person indicative past plural)
stādīsim (first-person future indicative plural)
stādīsim (first-person imperative plural)
stādāt (indicative plural present second-person)
stādījāt (indicative past plural second-person)
stādīsiet (future indicative plural second-person)
stādīsit (future indicative plural second-person)
stādiet (imperative plural second-person)
stāda (indicative plural present third-person)
stādīja (indicative past plural third-person)
stādīs (future indicative plural third-person)
lai stāda (imperative plural third-person)
stādot (present renarrative)
stādošs (active adjectival participle participle-1 present)
esot stādījis (past renarrative)
stādīdams (active adverbial participle participle-2 present)
stādīšot (future renarrative)
stādot (active adverbial participle participle-3 present)
lai stādot (imperative)
stādām (active participle participle-4 present)
stādījis (active participle past)
stādītu (conditional present)
stādāms (participle passive present)
būtu stādījis (conditional past)
stādīts (participle passive past)
jāstāda (debitive indicative)
būt jāstāda (debitive indicative)
stādīt (infinitive)
esot jāstāda (conjunctive conjunctive-1 debitive)
nestādīt (infinitive negative)
jāstādot (conjunctive conjunctive-2 debitive)
stādīšana (noun-from-verb)

This word results from two converging homonyms: a causative form of the verb stāt (“to stand”) (q.v.; cf. also stāvēt), and a derived verb from the noun stāds (“plant”) (q.v.). The latter is dominant in the literary language, but the former is still quite alive in dialectal usage, and is found in several expressions in the literary language as well.

stādīt kokus, kartupeļus, puķes

stādīt kāpostus, pupas, sīpolus

stādīt mežu, dzīvžogu

šodien mēs stādīsim dārzu

stādīt siltumnīcā tomātus

stādīt istabas puķes dekoratīvos podos

to plant room flowers in decorative pots

vislabāk ziemcietes stādīt pavasarī

it is best to plant perennials in spring

koki jāstāda tikpat dziļi, kā tie auguši mežā

trees must be planted as deep as they grow in the forest

to plant (to place, to insert (plant, root, tubers, etc.) in the soil so that it grows)

stādīt blakus

to put (something) next to (something else, to compare them)

stādīt pretī, pretim

to put (something) opposite (something else, to contrast them)

stādīt par priekšzīmi, par paraugu

to set (something) as a model, an example

stādīt jautājumu

dzīvi stādu pirmajā vietā, mīlu to ļoti

I put life in the first place, I love it very much

tikai viens fakts runāja Milleram par labu, un Roberts to tūlīt steidzās stādīt pretim Ezeriņa aizdomām

only one fact spoke favorably of Millers, and Roberts hurried to put it opposite (= in opposition to) Ezeriņš's suspicion

to set, to put in some place, state, or group, especially when evaluating, judging

stādīja bakas... iedzīvotājiem, kam pēdējo sešu gadu laikā nebija bakas stādītas

they vaccinated against smallpox the (local) inhabitants, who had not been vaccinated during the previous six years


kardioloģisks

kardioloģisks (definite kardioloģiskais, adverb kardioloģiski)

kardioloģiskais (definite)
kardioloģiski (adverb)
kardioloģisks (masculine nominative singular)
kardioloģiski (masculine nominative plural)
kardioloģiska (feminine nominative singular)
kardioloģiskas (feminine nominative plural)
kardioloģiska (genitive masculine singular)
kardioloģisku (genitive masculine plural)
kardioloģiskas (feminine genitive singular)
kardioloģisku (feminine genitive plural)
kardioloģiskam (dative masculine singular)
kardioloģiskiem (dative masculine plural)
kardioloģiskai (dative feminine singular)
kardioloģiskām (dative feminine plural)
kardioloģisku (accusative masculine singular)
kardioloģiskus (accusative masculine plural)
kardioloģisku (accusative feminine singular)
kardioloģiskas (accusative feminine plural)
kardioloģisku (instrumental masculine singular)
kardioloģiskiem (instrumental masculine plural)
kardioloģisku (feminine instrumental singular)
kardioloģiskām (feminine instrumental plural)
kardioloģiskā (locative masculine singular)
kardioloģiskos (locative masculine plural)
kardioloģiskā (feminine locative singular)
kardioloģiskās (feminine locative plural)

From kardioloģija (“cardiology”) + -isks. Probably not derived as such in Latvian, but borrowed and adapted from another European language.

'jauna kardioloģiskā klīnika

kardioloģisks kabinets

kardioloģiskas operācijas

kardioloģiski instrumenti

slimnīcas poliklīnikā darbojas speciāls kardioloģiskais centrs

a special cardiological center operates in the hospital clinic

cardiological (relating to cardiology or to the study and care of the human heart)


kardioloģe

lv-noun

kardioloģe f (5th declension, masculine form: kardiologs)

kardiologs (masculine)
kardioloģe (nominative singular)
kardioloģes (nominative plural)
kardioloģes (genitive singular)
kardioloģu (genitive plural)
kardioloģei (dative singular)
kardioloģēm (dative plural)
kardioloģi (accusative singular)
kardioloģes (accusative plural)
kardioloģi (instrumental singular)
kardioloģēm (instrumental plural)
kardioloģē (locative singular)
kardioloģēs (locative plural)
kardioloģe (singular vocative)
kardioloģes (plural vocative)

From kardiologs (“cardiologist”) + -e (“fem.”).

suffix

kardioloģe Silvija Hansone piedalījās seminārā par iespējām mazināt koronārās sirds slimības izplatību sieviešu vidū

the cardiologist Silvija Hansone participated in a semanar on the possibilities for reducing the incidence of coronary heart diseases among women

(female) cardiologist (a specialist in cardiology, in the study and care of the human heart)


kardiologs

lv-noun

kardiologs m (1st declension, feminine form: kardioloģe)

kardioloģe (feminine)
kardiologs (nominative singular)
kardiologi (nominative plural)
kardiologa (genitive singular)
kardiologu (genitive plural)
kardiologam (dative singular)
kardiologiem (dative plural)
kardiologu (accusative singular)
kardiologus (accusative plural)
kardiologu (instrumental singular)
kardiologiem (instrumental plural)
kardiologā (locative singular)
kardiologos (locative plural)
kardiolog (singular vocative)
kardiologi (plural vocative)

visiem bērniem ar iedzimtām sirdskaitēm jāatrodas nepārtrauktā ārsta pediatra un kardiologa uzraudzībā

all children with congenital heart diseases must remain under continuous medical supervision by a pediatrician and a cardiologist

Bratislavā tika atklāts starptautiskais kardiologu kongress, kas veltīts sirds slimību ārstēšanas problēmām

in Bratislava the international cardiologists' congress was opened, dedicated to the problems of treating heart diseases

(male) cardiologist (a specialist in stomatology, in the study and care of the human heart)


kardioloģija

kardioloģija (nominative singular)
kardioloģijas (genitive singular)
kardioloģijai (dative singular)
kardioloģiju (accusative singular)
kardioloģiju (instrumental singular)
kardioloģijā (locative singular)
kardioloģija (singular vocative)

A new coinage, ultimately from Ancient Greek καρδία (kardía, “heart”) and -λογία (-logía, “study”), probably borrowed from other European languages and adapted into Latvian (e.g., + -ija).

kardioloģijas speciālisti sniedz konsultācijas

ātri sāka attīstīties svarīgais virziens kardioloģijā: medicīniskā reabilitācija jeb slimnieka veselības un darba spēju atjaunošana

soon an important movement began to develop within cardiology: medical rehabilitation, the recovery of the patient's health and ability to work

cardiology (branch of medicine that studies the heart, its diseases, treatments, and prevention)


malārija

malārija (nominative singular)
malārijas (genitive singular)
malārijai (dative singular)
malāriju (accusative singular)
malāriju (instrumental singular)
malārijā (locative singular)
malārija (singular vocative)

Via other European languages, ultimately borrowed from Italian mala aria (“bad air”).

malārijas plazmodiji

malārijas odi, malārijodi

kā zināms, pēc dizentērijas malārija ir visvairāk izplatītā tropiskā slimība

as is well known, malaria is the most widespread tropical disease after dysentery

malaria (a disease characterized by fever attacks, caused by a parasitic protozoan, Plasmodium sp., spread by mosquitoes)


kāsēt

head

kāsēt (intransitive, 2nd conjugation, present kāsēju, kāsē, kāsē, past kāsēju)

conjugation (second-person)
kāsēju (present)
kāsē (present)
kāsēju (past)
kāsēju (first-person indicative present singular)
kāsēju (first-person indicative past singular)
kāsēšu (first-person future indicative singular)
kāsē (indicative present second-person singular)
kāsēji (indicative past second-person singular)
kāsēsi (future indicative second-person singular)
kāsē (imperative second-person singular)
kāsē (indicative present singular third-person)
kāsēja (indicative past singular third-person)
kāsēs (future indicative singular third-person)
lai kāsē (imperative singular third-person)
kāsējam (first-person indicative plural present)
kāsējām (first-person indicative past plural)
kāsēsim (first-person future indicative plural)
kāsēsim (first-person imperative plural)
kāsējat (indicative plural present second-person)
kāsējāt (indicative past plural second-person)
kāsēsiet (future indicative plural second-person)
kāsēsit (future indicative plural second-person)
kāsējiet (imperative plural second-person)
kāsē (indicative plural present third-person)
kāsēja (indicative past plural third-person)
kāsēs (future indicative plural third-person)
lai kāsē (imperative plural third-person)
kāsējot (present renarrative)
kāsējošs (active adjectival participle participle-1 present)
esot kāsējis (past renarrative)
kāsēdams (active adverbial participle participle-2 present)
kāsēšot (future renarrative)
kāsējot (active adverbial participle participle-3 present)
lai kāsējot (imperative)
kāsējam (active participle participle-4 present)
kāsējis (active participle past)
kāsētu (conditional present)
būtu kāsējis (conditional past)
jākāsē (debitive indicative)
būt jākāsē (debitive indicative)
kāsēt (infinitive)
esot jākāsē (conjunctive conjunctive-1 debitive)
nekāsēt (infinitive negative)
jākāsējot (conjunctive conjunctive-2 debitive)
kāsēšana (noun-from-verb)

From the same stem as kāss (q.v.), made into a regular 2nd-conjugation verb (ending -ēt).

bērns stipri kāsē

viņš iebāza pīpē tabaku un aizpīpoja, bet jau pēc pirmā dūma sāka kāsēt

he put tobacco in his pipe and started smoking, but after the first puff he started coughing

pēdējā laikā viņa bija vēl vairāk sagurusi un vēl bālāka nekā agrāk, un bieži kāsēja tādu dziļu kāsu

lately she was even more tired and paler than before, and often coughed a deep cough

to cough (to produce a sudden noisy burst of air from one's mouth)


kāss

kāss (nominative singular)
kāsa (genitive singular)
kāsam (dative singular)
kāsu (accusative singular)
kāsu (instrumental singular)
kāsā (locative singular)
kās (singular vocative)

From an older (still dialectally attested) word kāsus, from Proto-Baltic *kās-, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷās- (“cough, to cough”).
Cognates include Lithuanian kosulỹs, Proto-Slavic *kaš(ь)lь (Russian ка́шель (kášelʹ), Bulgarian ка́шлица (kášlica), Czech kašel, Polish kaszel), Old High German huosto, German Husten, Sanskrit कासते (kāsate).

uder

tas bija liels un nepārtraukts kāss

that was a big, uninterrupted cough(ing)

lāgiem viņai uznāca kāss, tad viņa ilgi kāsēja bez balss, gandrīz nosmakdama

sometimes she had a cough, then she coughed without voice for a while, almost stifling

sauss, rejošs kāss mainās ar sēcošas aizdusas brīžiem

a dry, barking (= deep) cough sometimes alternates with wheezing shortness of breath

cough, coughing (a sudden noisy burst of air from one's mouth, often a disease symptom)


mildronāts

mildronāts (nominative singular)
mildronāti (nominative plural)
mildronāta (genitive singular)
mildronātu (genitive plural)
mildronātam (dative singular)
mildronātiem (dative plural)
mildronātu (accusative singular)
mildronātus (accusative plural)
mildronātu (instrumental singular)
mildronātiem (instrumental plural)
mildronātā (locative singular)
mildronātos (locative plural)
mildronāt (singular vocative)
mildronāti (plural vocative)


guza

guza (nominative singular)
guzas (nominative plural)
guzas (genitive singular)
guzu (genitive plural)
guzai (dative singular)
guzām (dative plural)
guzu (accusative singular)
guzas (accusative plural)
guzu (instrumental singular)
guzām (instrumental plural)
guzā (locative singular)
guzās (locative plural)
guza (singular vocative)
guzas (plural vocative)


hormons

hormons (nominative singular)
hormoni (nominative plural)
hormona (genitive singular)
hormonu (genitive plural)
hormonam (dative singular)
hormoniem (dative plural)
hormonu (accusative singular)
hormonus (accusative plural)
hormonu (instrumental singular)
hormoniem (instrumental plural)
hormonā (locative singular)
hormonos (locative plural)
hormon (singular vocative)
hormoni (plural vocative)

From Ancient Greek ὁρμή (hormḗ, “rapid motion forwards, onrush, onset, assault, impulse to do a thing, effort”), whence ὁρμάω (hormáō, “to set in motion, urge on”).


meningīts

meningīts (nominative singular)
meningīta (genitive singular)
meningītam (dative singular)
meningītu (accusative singular)
meningītu (instrumental singular)
meningītā (locative singular)
meningīt (singular vocative)


menisks

menisks (nominative singular)
meniski (nominative plural)
meniska (genitive singular)
menisku (genitive plural)
meniskam (dative singular)
meniskiem (dative plural)
menisku (accusative singular)
meniskus (accusative plural)
menisku (instrumental singular)
meniskiem (instrumental plural)
meniskā (locative singular)
meniskos (locative plural)
menisk (singular vocative)
meniski (plural vocative)


miopija

miopija (nominative singular)
miopijas (nominative plural)
miopijas (genitive singular)
miopiju (genitive plural)
miopijai (dative singular)
miopijām (dative plural)
miopiju (accusative singular)
miopijas (accusative plural)
miopiju (instrumental singular)
miopijām (instrumental plural)
miopijā (locative singular)
miopijās (locative plural)
miopija (singular vocative)
miopijas (plural vocative)


tuvredzība

tuvredzība (nominative singular)
tuvredzības (nominative plural)
tuvredzības (genitive singular)
tuvredzību (genitive plural)
tuvredzībai (dative singular)
tuvredzībām (dative plural)
tuvredzību (accusative singular)
tuvredzības (accusative plural)
tuvredzību (instrumental singular)
tuvredzībām (instrumental plural)
tuvredzībā (locative singular)
tuvredzībās (locative plural)
tuvredzība (singular vocative)
tuvredzības (plural vocative)


ambliopija

ambliopija (nominative singular)
ambliopijas (genitive singular)
ambliopijai (dative singular)
ambliopiju (accusative singular)
ambliopiju (instrumental singular)
ambliopijā (locative singular)
ambliopija (singular vocative)


disleksija

disleksija (nominative singular)
disleksijas (genitive singular)
disleksijai (dative singular)
disleksiju (accusative singular)
disleksiju (instrumental singular)
disleksijā (locative singular)
disleksija (singular vocative)


ķeizargrieziens

ķeizargrieziens (nominative singular)
ķeizargriezieni (nominative plural)
ķeizargrieziena (genitive singular)
ķeizargriezienu (genitive plural)
ķeizargriezienam (dative singular)
ķeizargriezieniem (dative plural)
ķeizargriezienu (accusative singular)
ķeizargriezienus (accusative plural)
ķeizargriezienu (instrumental singular)
ķeizargriezieniem (instrumental plural)
ķeizargriezienā (locative singular)
ķeizargriezienos (locative plural)
ķeizargriezien (singular vocative)
ķeizargriezieni (plural vocative)


pūšļotājs

pūšļotājs (nominative singular)
pūšļotāji (nominative plural)
pūšļotāja (genitive singular)
pūšļotāju (genitive plural)
pūšļotājam (dative singular)
pūšļotājiem (dative plural)
pūšļotāju (accusative singular)
pūšļotājus (accusative plural)
pūšļotāju (instrumental singular)
pūšļotājiem (instrumental plural)
pūšļotājā (locative singular)
pūšļotājos (locative plural)
pūšļotāj (singular vocative)
pūšļotāji (plural vocative)


ciska

ciska (nominative singular)
ciskas (nominative plural)
ciskas (genitive singular)
cisku (genitive plural)
ciskai (dative singular)
ciskām (dative plural)
cisku (accusative singular)
ciskas (accusative plural)
cisku (instrumental singular)
ciskām (instrumental plural)
ciskā (locative singular)
ciskās (locative plural)
ciska (singular vocative)
ciskas (plural vocative)

Cognate with Lithuanian kiškà; see there for more.


krūškurvis

krūškurvis (nominative singular)
krūškurvji (nominative plural)
krūškurvja (genitive singular)
krūškurvju (genitive plural)
krūškurvim (dative singular)
krūškurvjiem (dative plural)
krūškurvi (accusative singular)
krūškurvjus (accusative plural)
krūškurvi (instrumental singular)
krūškurvjiem (instrumental plural)
krūškurvī (locative singular)
krūškurvjos (locative plural)
krūškurvi (singular vocative)
krūškurvji (plural vocative)

From krūšu, genitive plural of krūts (“breast”) + kurvis (“basket”). Compare German Brustkorb.


lūzums

lūzums (nominative singular)
lūzumi (nominative plural)
lūzuma (genitive singular)
lūzumu (genitive plural)
lūzumam (dative singular)
lūzumiem (dative plural)
lūzumu (accusative singular)
lūzumus (accusative plural)
lūzumu (instrumental singular)
lūzumiem (instrumental plural)
lūzumā (locative singular)
lūzumos (locative plural)
lūzum (singular vocative)
lūzumi (plural vocative)


blaugzna

lv-noun

blaugzna f (^(???) please provide the declension type!)


locītava

locītava (nominative singular)
locītavas (nominative plural)
locītavas (genitive singular)
locītavu (genitive plural)
locītavai (dative singular)
locītavām (dative plural)
locītavu (accusative singular)
locītavas (accusative plural)
locītavu (instrumental singular)
locītavām (instrumental plural)
locītavā (locative singular)
locītavās (locative plural)
locītava (singular vocative)
locītavas (plural vocative)

(anatomy) joint (part of body where bones join)


šņabis

šņabis (nominative singular)
šņabji (nominative plural)
šņabja (genitive singular)
šņabju (genitive plural)
šņabim (dative singular)
šņabjiem (dative plural)
šņabi (accusative singular)
šņabjus (accusative plural)
šņabi (instrumental singular)
šņabjiem (instrumental plural)
šņabī (locative singular)
šņabjos (locative plural)
šņabi (singular vocative)
šņabji (plural vocative)

zāļu šņabis

plūmju šņabis

šņabja kokteiļi

spirit (distilled beverage), liquor (especially vodka or schnapps)


kokteilis

kokteilis (nominative singular)
kokteiļi (nominative plural)
kokteiļa (genitive singular)
kokteiļu (genitive plural)
kokteilim (dative singular)
kokteiļiem (dative plural)
kokteili (accusative singular)
kokteiļus (accusative plural)
kokteili (instrumental singular)
kokteiļiem (instrumental plural)
kokteilī (locative singular)
kokteiļos (locative plural)
kokteili (singular vocative)
kokteiļi (plural vocative)

zāļu kokteilis


ogļhidrāts

ogļhidrāts (nominative singular)
ogļhidrāti (nominative plural)
ogļhidrāta (genitive singular)
ogļhidrātu (genitive plural)
ogļhidrātam (dative singular)
ogļhidrātiem (dative plural)
ogļhidrātu (accusative singular)
ogļhidrātus (accusative plural)
ogļhidrātu (instrumental singular)
ogļhidrātiem (instrumental plural)
ogļhidrātā (locative singular)
ogļhidrātos (locative plural)
ogļhidrāt (singular vocative)
ogļhidrāti (plural vocative)

ogle (“coal”) + hidrāts (“hydrate”), cognate with ogleklis (“carbon”).


epidēmija

epidēmija (nominative singular)
epidēmijas (nominative plural)
epidēmijas (genitive singular)
epidēmiju (genitive plural)
epidēmijai (dative singular)
epidēmijām (dative plural)
epidēmiju (accusative singular)
epidēmijas (accusative plural)
epidēmiju (instrumental singular)
epidēmijām (instrumental plural)
epidēmijā (locative singular)
epidēmijās (locative plural)
epidēmija (singular vocative)
epidēmijas (plural vocative)


frizieris

frizieris m (2nd declension, feminine form: friziere)

friziere (feminine)
frizieris (nominative singular)
frizieri (nominative plural)
friziera (genitive singular)
frizieru (genitive plural)
frizierim (dative singular)
frizieriem (dative plural)
frizieri (accusative singular)
frizierus (accusative plural)
frizieri (instrumental singular)
frizieriem (instrumental plural)
frizierī (locative singular)
frizieros (locative plural)
frizieri (singular vocative)
frizieri (plural vocative)

Probably from German Friseur. Compare Polish fryzjer, Danish frisør, Swedish frisör.


degvīns

degvīns (nominative singular)
degvīni (nominative plural)
degvīna (genitive singular)
degvīnu (genitive plural)
degvīnam (dative singular)
degvīniem (dative plural)
degvīnu (accusative singular)
degvīnus (accusative plural)
degvīnu (instrumental singular)
degvīniem (instrumental plural)
degvīnā (locative singular)
degvīnos (locative plural)
degvīn (singular vocative)
degvīni (plural vocative)

From the deg- stem of degt (“to burn”, verb) + vīns (“wine”).


augšstilbs

augšstilbs (nominative singular)
augšstilbi (nominative plural)
augšstilba (genitive singular)
augšstilbu (genitive plural)
augšstilbam (dative singular)
augšstilbiem (dative plural)
augšstilbu (accusative singular)
augšstilbus (accusative plural)
augšstilbu (instrumental singular)
augšstilbiem (instrumental plural)
augšstilbā (locative singular)
augšstilbos (locative plural)
augšstilb (singular vocative)
augšstilbi (plural vocative)


traucējums

traucējums (nominative singular)
traucējumi (nominative plural)
traucējuma (genitive singular)
traucējumu (genitive plural)
traucējumam (dative singular)
traucējumiem (dative plural)
traucējumu (accusative singular)
traucējumus (accusative plural)
traucējumu (instrumental singular)
traucējumiem (instrumental plural)
traucējumā (locative singular)
traucējumos (locative plural)
traucējum (singular vocative)
traucējumi (plural vocative)

From traucēt (“to disturb, to bother”) + -ums (noun-forming suffix).

af

(pathology) disorder (physical or mental malfunction)


personības traucējums

lv-noun

personības traucējums m (1st declension)

personības traucējums (nominative singular)
personības traucējumi (nominative plural)
personības traucējuma (genitive singular)
personības traucējumu (genitive plural)
personības traucējumam (dative singular)
personības traucējumiem (dative plural)
personības traucējumu (accusative singular)
personības traucējumus (accusative plural)
personības traucējumu (instrumental singular)
personības traucējumiem (instrumental plural)
personības traucējumā (locative singular)
personības traucējumos (locative plural)
personības traucējum (singular vocative)
personības traucējumi (plural vocative)

personality disorder
personality disorder


vaigs

vaigs (nominative singular)
vaigi (nominative plural)
vaiga (genitive singular)
vaigu (genitive plural)
vaigam (dative singular)
vaigiem (dative plural)
vaigu (accusative singular)
vaigus (accusative plural)
vaigu (instrumental singular)
vaigiem (instrumental plural)
vaigā (locative singular)
vaigos (locative plural)
vaig (singular vocative)
vaigi (plural vocative)

cheek (flesh on each side of the face, below the eyes)


alus darītava

alus darītava (nominative singular)
alus darītavas (nominative plural)
alus darītavas (genitive singular)
alus darītavu (genitive plural)
alus darītavai (dative singular)
alus darītavām (dative plural)
alus darītavu (accusative singular)
alus darītavas (accusative plural)
alus darītavu (instrumental singular)
alus darītavām (instrumental plural)
alus darītavā (locative singular)
alus darītavās (locative plural)
alus darītava (singular vocative)
alus darītavas (plural vocative)

From alus (“beer”) (in genitive case) + darīt (“to make”) + -ava (noun-forming suffix).


vārstulis

vārstulis (nominative singular)
vārstuļi (nominative plural)
vārstuļa (genitive singular)
vārstuļu (genitive plural)
vārstulim (dative singular)
vārstuļiem (dative plural)
vārstuli (accusative singular)
vārstuļus (accusative plural)
vārstuli (instrumental singular)
vārstuļiem (instrumental plural)
vārstulī (locative singular)
vārstuļos (locative plural)
vārstuli (singular vocative)
vārstuļi (plural vocative)


sirds vārstulis

sirds vārstulis (nominative singular)
sirds vārstuļi (nominative plural)
sirds vārstuļa (genitive singular)
sirds vārstuļu (genitive plural)
sirds vārstulim (dative singular)
sirds vārstuļiem (dative plural)
sirds vārstuli (accusative singular)
sirds vārstuļus (accusative plural)
sirds vārstuli (instrumental singular)
sirds vārstuļiem (instrumental plural)
sirds vārstulī (locative singular)
sirds vārstuļos (locative plural)
sirds vārstuli (singular vocative)
sirds vārstuļi (plural vocative)


alerģija

alerģija (nominative singular)
alerģijas (nominative plural)
alerģijas (genitive singular)
alerģiju (genitive plural)
alerģijai (dative singular)
alerģijām (dative plural)
alerģiju (accusative singular)
alerģijas (accusative plural)
alerģiju (instrumental singular)
alerģijām (instrumental plural)
alerģijā (locative singular)
alerģijās (locative plural)
alerģija (singular vocative)
alerģijas (plural vocative)

Borrowed from German Allergie. Coined by Austrian pediatrician Clemens von Pirquet in 1906 from Ancient Greek ἄλλος (állos, “other”) + ἔργον (érgon, “work, activity”), on the model of Energie. Featuring + -ija suffix.


operācija

operācija (nominative singular)
operācijas (nominative plural)
operācijas (genitive singular)
operāciju (genitive plural)
operācijai (dative singular)
operācijām (dative plural)
operāciju (accusative singular)
operācijas (accusative plural)
operāciju (instrumental singular)
operācijām (instrumental plural)
operācijā (locative singular)
operācijās (locative plural)
operācija (singular vocative)
operācijas (plural vocative)

(medicine) operation (a set of surgical procedures for treatment or diagnosis)


jūras slimība

jūras slimība (nominative singular)
jūras slimības (nominative plural)
jūras slimības (genitive singular)
jūras slimību (genitive plural)
jūras slimībai (dative singular)
jūras slimībām (dative plural)
jūras slimību (accusative singular)
jūras slimības (accusative plural)
jūras slimību (instrumental singular)
jūras slimībām (instrumental plural)
jūras slimībā (locative singular)
jūras slimībās (locative plural)
jūras slimība (singular vocative)
jūras slimības (plural vocative)

From jūras, genitive singular form of jūra (“sea”) + slimība (“disease, illness, sickness”).


kinetoze

kinetoze (nominative singular)
kinetozes (nominative plural)
kinetozes (genitive singular)
kinetožu (genitive plural)
kinetozei (dative singular)
kinetozēm (dative plural)
kinetozi (accusative singular)
kinetozes (accusative plural)
kinetozi (instrumental singular)
kinetozēm (instrumental plural)
kinetozē (locative singular)
kinetozēs (locative plural)
kinetoze (singular vocative)
kinetozes (plural vocative)


vakcīna

vakcīna (nominative singular)
vakcīnas (nominative plural)
vakcīnas (genitive singular)
vakcīnu (genitive plural)
vakcīnai (dative singular)
vakcīnām (dative plural)
vakcīnu (accusative singular)
vakcīnas (accusative plural)
vakcīnu (instrumental singular)
vakcīnām (instrumental plural)
vakcīnā (locative singular)
vakcīnās (locative plural)
vakcīna (singular vocative)
vakcīnas (plural vocative)


šķaudiens

šķaudiens (nominative singular)
šķaudieni (nominative plural)
šķaudiena (genitive singular)
šķaudienu (genitive plural)
šķaudienam (dative singular)
šķaudieniem (dative plural)
šķaudienu (accusative singular)
šķaudienus (accusative plural)
šķaudienu (instrumental singular)
šķaudieniem (instrumental plural)
šķaudienā (locative singular)
šķaudienos (locative plural)
šķaudien (singular vocative)
šķaudieni (plural vocative)


ķirurgs

lv-noun

ķirurgs m (1st declension, feminine form: ķirurģe)

ķirurģe (feminine)
ķirurgs (nominative singular)
ķirurgi (nominative plural)
ķirurga (genitive singular)
ķirurgu (genitive plural)
ķirurgam (dative singular)
ķirurgiem (dative plural)
ķirurgu (accusative singular)
ķirurgus (accusative plural)
ķirurgu (instrumental singular)
ķirurgiem (instrumental plural)
ķirurgā (locative singular)
ķirurgos (locative plural)
ķirurg (singular vocative)
ķirurgi (plural vocative)


ķirurģija

ķirurģija (nominative singular)
ķirurģijas (nominative plural)
ķirurģijas (genitive singular)
ķirurģiju (genitive plural)
ķirurģijai (dative singular)
ķirurģijām (dative plural)
ķirurģiju (accusative singular)
ķirurģijas (accusative plural)
ķirurģiju (instrumental singular)
ķirurģijām (instrumental plural)
ķirurģijā (locative singular)
ķirurģijās (locative plural)
ķirurģija (singular vocative)
ķirurģijas (plural vocative)

Ultimately from Latin chirurgia, from Ancient Greek χειρουργία (kheirourgía), from χείρ (kheír, “hand”) + ἔργον (érgon, “work”). Featuring + -ija suffix.


ķirurģisks

head

ķirurģisks (definite ķirurģiskais, comparative ķirurģiskāks, superlative visķirurģiskākais, adverb ķirurģiski)

ķirurģiskais (definite)
ķirurģiskāks (comparative)
visķirurģiskākais (superlative)
ķirurģiski (adverb)
ķirurģisks (masculine nominative singular)
ķirurģiski (masculine nominative plural)
ķirurģiska (feminine nominative singular)
ķirurģiskas (feminine nominative plural)
ķirurģiska (genitive masculine singular)
ķirurģisku (genitive masculine plural)
ķirurģiskas (feminine genitive singular)
ķirurģisku (feminine genitive plural)
ķirurģiskam (dative masculine singular)
ķirurģiskiem (dative masculine plural)
ķirurģiskai (dative feminine singular)
ķirurģiskām (dative feminine plural)
ķirurģisku (accusative masculine singular)
ķirurģiskus (accusative masculine plural)
ķirurģisku (accusative feminine singular)
ķirurģiskas (accusative feminine plural)
ķirurģisku (instrumental masculine singular)
ķirurģiskiem (instrumental masculine plural)
ķirurģisku (feminine instrumental singular)
ķirurģiskām (feminine instrumental plural)
ķirurģiskā (locative masculine singular)
ķirurģiskos (locative masculine plural)
ķirurģiskā (feminine locative singular)
ķirurģiskās (feminine locative plural)

ķirurgs (“surgeon”) or ķirurģija (“surgery”) + -isks


adrenalīns

adrenalīns (nominative singular)
adrenalīna (genitive singular)
adrenalīnam (dative singular)
adrenalīnu (accusative singular)
adrenalīnu (instrumental singular)
adrenalīnā (locative singular)
adrenalīn (singular vocative)

(physiology, medicine) adrenaline (a hormone produced by the adrenal gland under stress that speeds up and intensifies heartbeat and breathing, preparing the body's muscles for increased exertion)


smadzenītes

smadzenītes (nominative plural)
smadzenīšu (genitive plural)
smadzenītēm (dative plural)
smadzenītes (accusative plural)
smadzenītēm (instrumental plural)
smadzenītēs (locative plural)
smadzenītes (plural vocative)


ādamābols

ādamābols (nominative singular)
ādamāboli (nominative plural)
ādamābola (genitive singular)
ādamābolu (genitive plural)
ādamābolam (dative singular)
ādamāboliem (dative plural)
ādamābolu (accusative singular)
ādamābolus (accusative plural)
ādamābolu (instrumental singular)
ādamāboliem (instrumental plural)
ādamābolā (locative singular)
ādamābolos (locative plural)
ādamābols (singular vocative)
ādamāboli (plural vocative)


gļotāda

gļotāda (nominative singular)
gļotādas (nominative plural)
gļotādas (genitive singular)
gļotādu (genitive plural)
gļotādai (dative singular)
gļotādām (dative plural)
gļotādu (accusative singular)
gļotādas (accusative plural)
gļotādu (instrumental singular)
gļotādām (instrumental plural)
gļotādā (locative singular)
gļotādās (locative plural)
gļotāda (singular vocative)
gļotādas (plural vocative)


plaušas

plaušas (nominative plural)
plaušu (genitive plural)
plaušām (dative plural)
plaušas (accusative plural)
plaušām (instrumental plural)
plaušās (locative plural)
plaušas (plural vocative)


patoloģija

patoloģija (nominative singular)
patoloģijas (nominative plural)
patoloģijas (genitive singular)
patoloģiju (genitive plural)
patoloģijai (dative singular)
patoloģijām (dative plural)
patoloģiju (accusative singular)
patoloģijas (accusative plural)
patoloģiju (instrumental singular)
patoloģijām (instrumental plural)
patoloģijā (locative singular)
patoloģijās (locative plural)
patoloģija (singular vocative)
patoloģijas (plural vocative)

Ultimately from Ancient Greek πάθος (páthos) and Ancient Greek -λογία (-logía).


putekļsūcējs

putekļsūcējs (nominative singular)
putekļsūcēji (nominative plural)
putekļsūcēja (genitive singular)
putekļsūcēju (genitive plural)
putekļsūcējam (dative singular)
putekļsūcējiem (dative plural)
putekļsūcēju (accusative singular)
putekļsūcējus (accusative plural)
putekļsūcēju (instrumental singular)
putekļsūcējiem (instrumental plural)
putekļsūcējā (locative singular)
putekļsūcējos (locative plural)
putekļsūcēj (singular vocative)
putekļsūcēji (plural vocative)

From putekļi (“dust”) + sūcējs (“sucker”), from sūkt (“to suck”). Featuring -ējs agent noun ending.
Likely a calque of German Staubsauger.


stumbrs

stumbrs (nominative singular)
stumbri (nominative plural)
stumbra (genitive singular)
stumbru (genitive plural)
stumbram (dative singular)
stumbriem (dative plural)
stumbru (accusative singular)
stumbrus (accusative plural)
stumbru (instrumental singular)
stumbriem (instrumental plural)
stumbrā (locative singular)
stumbros (locative plural)
stumbr (singular vocative)
stumbri (plural vocative)

smadzeņu stumbrs


viskijs

viskijs (nominative singular)
viskiji (nominative plural)
viskija (genitive singular)
viskiju (genitive plural)
viskijam (dative singular)
viskijiem (dative plural)
viskiju (accusative singular)
viskijus (accusative plural)
viskiju (instrumental singular)
viskijiem (instrumental plural)
viskijā (locative singular)
viskijos (locative plural)
viskij (singular vocative)
viskiji (plural vocative)


liķieris

liķieris (nominative singular)
liķieri (nominative plural)
liķiera (genitive singular)
liķieru (genitive plural)
liķierim (dative singular)
liķieriem (dative plural)
liķieri (accusative singular)
liķierus (accusative plural)
liķieri (instrumental singular)
liķieriem (instrumental plural)
liķierī (locative singular)
liķieros (locative plural)
liķieri (singular vocative)
liķieri (plural vocative)


menstruācija

menstruācija (nominative singular)
menstruācijas (nominative plural)
menstruācijas (genitive singular)
menstruāciju (genitive plural)
menstruācijai (dative singular)
menstruācijām (dative plural)
menstruāciju (accusative singular)
menstruācijas (accusative plural)
menstruāciju (instrumental singular)
menstruācijām (instrumental plural)
menstruācijā (locative singular)
menstruācijās (locative plural)
menstruācija (singular vocative)
menstruācijas (plural vocative)


vakcinēt

vakcinēt (transitive, 2nd conjugation, present vakcinēju, vakcinē, vakcinē, past vakcinēju)

conjugation (second-person)
vakcinēju (present)
vakcinē (present)
vakcinēju (past)
vakcinēju (first-person indicative present singular)
vakcinēju (first-person indicative past singular)
vakcinēšu (first-person future indicative singular)
vakcinē (indicative present second-person singular)
vakcinēji (indicative past second-person singular)
vakcinēsi (future indicative second-person singular)
vakcinē (imperative second-person singular)
vakcinē (indicative present singular third-person)
vakcinēja (indicative past singular third-person)
vakcinēs (future indicative singular third-person)
lai vakcinē (imperative singular third-person)
vakcinējam (first-person indicative plural present)
vakcinējām (first-person indicative past plural)
vakcinēsim (first-person future indicative plural)
vakcinēsim (first-person imperative plural)
vakcinējat (indicative plural present second-person)
vakcinējāt (indicative past plural second-person)
vakcinēsiet (future indicative plural second-person)
vakcinēsit (future indicative plural second-person)
vakcinējiet (imperative plural second-person)
vakcinē (indicative plural present third-person)
vakcinēja (indicative past plural third-person)
vakcinēs (future indicative plural third-person)
lai vakcinē (imperative plural third-person)
vakcinējot (present renarrative)
vakcinējošs (active adjectival participle participle-1 present)
esot vakcinējis (past renarrative)
vakcinēdams (active adverbial participle participle-2 present)
vakcinēšot (future renarrative)
vakcinējot (active adverbial participle participle-3 present)
lai vakcinējot (imperative)
vakcinējam (active participle participle-4 present)
vakcinējis (active participle past)
vakcinētu (conditional present)
vakcinējams (participle passive present)
būtu vakcinējis (conditional past)
vakcinēts (participle passive past)
jāvakcinē (debitive indicative)
būt jāvakcinē (debitive indicative)
vakcinēt (infinitive)
esot jāvakcinē (conjunctive conjunctive-1 debitive)
nevakcinēt (infinitive negative)
jāvakcinējot (conjunctive conjunctive-2 debitive)
vakcinēšana (noun-from-verb)


iesnas

iesnas (nominative plural)
iesnu (genitive plural)
iesnām (dative plural)
iesnas (accusative plural)
iesnām (instrumental plural)
iesnās (locative plural)
iesnas (plural vocative)


šampanietis

šampanietis (nominative singular)
šampanieši (nominative plural)
šampanieša (genitive singular)
šampaniešu (genitive plural)
šampanietim (dative singular)
šampaniešiem (dative plural)
šampanieti (accusative singular)
šampaniešus (accusative plural)
šampanieti (instrumental singular)
šampaniešiem (instrumental plural)
šampanietī (locative singular)
šampaniešos (locative plural)
šampanieti (singular vocative)
šampanieši (plural vocative)


ūka

ūka (nominative singular)
ūkas (nominative plural)
ūkas (genitive singular)
ūku (genitive plural)
ūkai (dative singular)
ūkām (dative plural)
ūku (accusative singular)
ūkas (accusative plural)
ūku (instrumental singular)
ūkām (instrumental plural)
ūkā (locative singular)
ūkās (locative plural)
ūka (singular vocative)
ūkas (plural vocative)


aukslējas

aukslējas (nominative plural)
aukslēju (genitive plural)
aukslējām (dative plural)
aukslējas (accusative plural)
aukslējām (instrumental plural)
aukslējās (locative plural)
aukslējas (plural vocative)

cietās aukslējas

mīkstās aukslējas


neiroze

neiroze (nominative singular)
neirozes (nominative plural)
neirozes (genitive singular)
neirožu (genitive plural)
neirozei (dative singular)
neirozēm (dative plural)
neirozi (accusative singular)
neirozes (accusative plural)
neirozi (instrumental singular)
neirozēm (instrumental plural)
neirozē (locative singular)
neirozēs (locative plural)
neiroze (singular vocative)
neirozes (plural vocative)


deniņi

deniņi (nominative plural)
deniņu (genitive plural)
deniņiem (dative plural)
deniņus (accusative plural)
deniņiem (instrumental plural)
deniņos (locative plural)
deniņi (plural vocative)


galvaskauss

galvaskauss (nominative singular)
galvaskausi (nominative plural)
galvaskausa (genitive singular)
galvaskausu (genitive plural)
galvaskausam (dative singular)
galvaskausiem (dative plural)
galvaskausu (accusative singular)
galvaskausus (accusative plural)
galvaskausu (instrumental singular)
galvaskausiem (instrumental plural)
galvaskausā (locative singular)
galvaskausos (locative plural)
galvaskaus (singular vocative)
galvaskausi (plural vocative)

From galva (“head”) + kauss (“cup, bowl”).


nabassaite

nabassaite (nominative singular)
nabassaites (nominative plural)
nabassaites (genitive singular)
nabassaišu (genitive plural)
nabassaitei (dative singular)
nabassaitēm (dative plural)
nabassaiti (accusative singular)
nabassaites (accusative plural)
nabassaiti (instrumental singular)
nabassaitēm (instrumental plural)
nabassaitē (locative singular)
nabassaitēs (locative plural)
nabassaite (singular vocative)
nabassaites (plural vocative)


sirdskaite

sirdskaite (nominative singular)
sirdskaites (nominative plural)
sirdskaites (genitive singular)
sirdskaišu (genitive plural)
sirdskaitei (dative singular)
sirdskaitēm (dative plural)
sirdskaiti (accusative singular)
sirdskaites (accusative plural)
sirdskaiti (instrumental singular)
sirdskaitēm (instrumental plural)
sirdskaitē (locative singular)
sirdskaitēs (locative plural)
sirdskaite (singular vocative)
sirdskaites (plural vocative)


tūska

tūska (nominative singular)
tūskas (nominative plural)
tūskas (genitive singular)
tūsku (genitive plural)
tūskai (dative singular)
tūskām (dative plural)
tūsku (accusative singular)
tūskas (accusative plural)
tūsku (instrumental singular)
tūskām (instrumental plural)
tūskā (locative singular)
tūskās (locative plural)
tūska (singular vocative)
tūskas (plural vocative)


virusoloģija

virusoloģija (nominative singular)
virusoloģijas (nominative plural)
virusoloģijas (genitive singular)
virusoloģiju (genitive plural)
virusoloģijai (dative singular)
virusoloģijām (dative plural)
virusoloģiju (accusative singular)
virusoloģijas (accusative plural)
virusoloģiju (instrumental singular)
virusoloģijām (instrumental plural)
virusoloģijā (locative singular)
virusoloģijās (locative plural)
virusoloģija (singular vocative)
virusoloģijas (plural vocative)


vējbakas

vējbakas (nominative plural)
vējbaku (genitive plural)
vējbakām (dative plural)
vējbakas (accusative plural)
vējbakām (instrumental plural)
vējbakās (locative plural)
vējbakas (plural vocative)


čūla

čūla (nominative singular)
čūlas (nominative plural)
čūlas (genitive singular)
čūlu (genitive plural)
čūlai (dative singular)
čūlām (dative plural)
čūlu (accusative singular)
čūlas (accusative plural)
čūlu (instrumental singular)
čūlām (instrumental plural)
čūlā (locative singular)
čūlās (locative plural)
čūla (singular vocative)
čūlas (plural vocative)


asinsspiediens

asinsspiediens (nominative singular)
asinsspiedieni (nominative plural)
asinsspiediena (genitive singular)
asinsspiedienu (genitive plural)
asinsspiedienam (dative singular)
asinsspiedieniem (dative plural)
asinsspiedienu (accusative singular)
asinsspiedienus (accusative plural)
asinsspiedienu (instrumental singular)
asinsspiedieniem (instrumental plural)
asinsspiedienā (locative singular)
asinsspiedienos (locative plural)
asinsspiedien (singular vocative)
asinsspiedieni (plural vocative)


baltvīns

baltvīns (nominative singular)
baltvīni (nominative plural)
baltvīna (genitive singular)
baltvīnu (genitive plural)
baltvīnam (dative singular)
baltvīniem (dative plural)
baltvīnu (accusative singular)
baltvīnus (accusative plural)
baltvīnu (instrumental singular)
baltvīniem (instrumental plural)
baltvīnā (locative singular)
baltvīnos (locative plural)
baltvīn (singular vocative)
baltvīni (plural vocative)


olvads

olvads (nominative singular)
olvadi (nominative plural)
olvada (genitive singular)
olvadu (genitive plural)
olvadam (dative singular)
olvadiem (dative plural)
olvadu (accusative singular)
olvadus (accusative plural)
olvadu (instrumental singular)
olvadiem (instrumental plural)
olvadā (locative singular)
olvados (locative plural)
olvad (singular vocative)
olvadi (plural vocative)


priekšdziedzeris

priekšdziedzeris (nominative singular)
priekšdziedzeri (nominative plural)
priekšdziedzera (genitive singular)
priekšdziedzeru (genitive plural)
priekšdziedzerim (dative singular)
priekšdziedzeriem (dative plural)
priekšdziedzeri (accusative singular)
priekšdziedzerus (accusative plural)
priekšdziedzeri (instrumental singular)
priekšdziedzeriem (instrumental plural)
priekšdziedzerī (locative singular)
priekšdziedzeros (locative plural)
priekšdziedzeri (singular vocative)
priekšdziedzeri (plural vocative)


sarkanvīns

sarkanvīns (nominative singular)
sarkanvīni (nominative plural)
sarkanvīna (genitive singular)
sarkanvīnu (genitive plural)
sarkanvīnam (dative singular)
sarkanvīniem (dative plural)
sarkanvīnu (accusative singular)
sarkanvīnus (accusative plural)
sarkanvīnu (instrumental singular)
sarkanvīniem (instrumental plural)
sarkanvīnā (locative singular)
sarkanvīnos (locative plural)
sarkanvīn (singular vocative)
sarkanvīni (plural vocative)


sirdspuksts

sirdspuksts (nominative singular)
sirdspuksti (nominative plural)
sirdspuksta (genitive singular)
sirdspukstu (genitive plural)
sirdspukstam (dative singular)
sirdspukstiem (dative plural)
sirdspukstu (accusative singular)
sirdspukstus (accusative plural)
sirdspukstu (instrumental singular)
sirdspukstiem (instrumental plural)
sirdspukstā (locative singular)
sirdspukstos (locative plural)
sirdspukst (singular vocative)
sirdspuksti (plural vocative)


skriemelis

skriemelis (nominative singular)
skriemeļi (nominative plural)
skriemeļa (genitive singular)
skriemeļu (genitive plural)
skriemelim (dative singular)
skriemeļiem (dative plural)
skriemeli (accusative singular)
skriemeļus (accusative plural)
skriemeli (instrumental singular)
skriemeļiem (instrumental plural)
skriemelī (locative singular)
skriemeļos (locative plural)
skriemeli (singular vocative)
skriemeļi (plural vocative)


skrimslis

skrimslis (nominative singular)
skrimsļi (nominative plural)
skrimsļa (genitive singular)
skrimsļu (genitive plural)
skrimslim (dative singular)
skrimsļiem (dative plural)
skrimsli (accusative singular)
skrimsļus (accusative plural)
skrimsli (instrumental singular)
skrimsļiem (instrumental plural)
skrimslī (locative singular)
skrimsļos (locative plural)
skrimsli (singular vocative)
skrimsļi (plural vocative)


vairogdziedzeris

vairogdziedzeris (nominative singular)
vairogdziedzeri (nominative plural)
vairogdziedzera (genitive singular)
vairogdziedzeru (genitive plural)
vairogdziedzerim (dative singular)
vairogdziedzeriem (dative plural)
vairogdziedzeri (accusative singular)
vairogdziedzerus (accusative plural)
vairogdziedzeri (instrumental singular)
vairogdziedzeriem (instrumental plural)
vairogdziedzerī (locative singular)
vairogdziedzeros (locative plural)
vairogdziedzeri (singular vocative)
vairogdziedzeri (plural vocative)


apendicīts

apendicīts (nominative singular)
apendicīti (nominative plural)
apendicīta (genitive singular)
apendicītu (genitive plural)
apendicītam (dative singular)
apendicītiem (dative plural)
apendicītu (accusative singular)
apendicītus (accusative plural)
apendicītu (instrumental singular)
apendicītiem (instrumental plural)
apendicītā (locative singular)
apendicītos (locative plural)
apendicīt (singular vocative)
apendicīti (plural vocative)


oftalmologs

lv-noun

oftalmologs m (1st declension, feminine form: oftalmoloģe)

oftalmoloģe (feminine)
oftalmologs (nominative singular)
oftalmologi (nominative plural)
oftalmologa (genitive singular)
oftalmologu (genitive plural)
oftalmologam (dative singular)
oftalmologiem (dative plural)
oftalmologu (accusative singular)
oftalmologus (accusative plural)
oftalmologu (instrumental singular)
oftalmologiem (instrumental plural)
oftalmologā (locative singular)
oftalmologos (locative plural)
oftalmolog (singular vocative)
oftalmologi (plural vocative)

Un arī situāciju par dzemdībām acu problēmu gadījumā vienmēr novērtē oftalmologs.

2011 February 16, “Ginekologa Ronalda Mačuka atbildes uz Delfi lasītāju jautājumiem”, in Delfi Life:

And also the situation regarding childbirth in case of eye problems is always evaluated by an ophthalmologist.


līdzeklis

līdzeklis (nominative singular)
līdzekļi (nominative plural)
līdzekļa (genitive singular)
līdzekļu (genitive plural)
līdzeklim (dative singular)
līdzekļiem (dative plural)
līdzekli (accusative singular)
līdzekļus (accusative plural)
līdzekli (instrumental singular)
līdzekļiem (instrumental plural)
līdzeklī (locative singular)
līdzekļos (locative plural)
līdzekli (singular vocative)
līdzekļi (plural vocative)
līdz. (alternative)