Estere

Estere (nominative singular)
Esteres (nominative plural)
Esteres (genitive singular)
Esteu (genitive plural)
Esterei (dative singular)
Esterēm (dative plural)
Esteri (accusative singular)
Esteres (accusative plural)
Esteri (instrumental singular)
Esterēm (instrumental plural)
Esterē (locative singular)
Esterēs (locative plural)
Estere (singular vocative)
Esteres (plural vocative)

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in the 15th century. Cognate to English Esther.


Gunta

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in 1922. From Guna or Gundega.


Guna

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in early 20th century. From (u)guns (“fire”). Name of a character in the play Sidraba šķidrauts (1905) by Aspazija.


Gunita

First recorded as a given name of Latvians during 1925 - 1950. From Guna.


Lauma

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in 1891. From lauma (“fairy, forest spirit”).


Lāsma

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in 1942. From lāsma (“sparkle”).


Sarma

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in 1507. From sarma (“hoarfrost”).


Sarmīte

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in 1922. A diminutive form of Sarma, from sarma (“hoarfrost”).


Skaidra

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in the end of the 19th century. From skaidrs (“clear”). Cognate with Lithuanian Skaidrė.


Skaidrīte

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in the 19th century. Diminutive form of Skaidra, from skaidrs (“clear”).


Sindija

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in 1969. From English Cindy.


Sintija

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in 1950. Cognate with English Cynthia.


Kintija

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in 1969. Cognate with English Cynthia.


Valda

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in 1888. Feminine form of Valdis, from valdīt (“to rule”), and shortened from compound names containing the similar Germanic name element.


Valija

First recorded as a given name of Latvians during 1850 - 1875. From Valentīna and Valerija.


Velta

First recorded as a given name of Latvians during 1850 - 1875 . From velte (“gift, present”). Name of a character in the play Zaudētās tiesības (1894) by Aspazija.


Inārs

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in 1934. Masculine equivalent of Ināra, of uncertain etymology.


Ērika

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in the 17th century. Feminine form of Ēriks. Cognate with English Erica.


Solvita

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in 1926. Said to derive from Latin sol (“sun”) + vita (“life”).


Solveiga

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in 1922. From Norwegian Solveig.


Sabīne

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in 1761. From the Latin saint's name Sabina. Cognate to German Sabine and English Sabina.


Modra

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in the end of the 19th century. From modrs (“alert”).


Modrīte

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in early 20th century. Diminutive form of Modra, from modrs (“alert”).


Evelīna

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in 1849. From English Evelyn. By folk etymology interpreted as a variant of Eva.


fluors

fluors (nominative singular)
fluora (genitive singular)
fluoram (dative singular)
fluoru (accusative singular)
fluoru (instrumental singular)
fluorā (locative singular)
fluor (singular vocative)

fluora savienojumi

chemical element
chemical element#English

fluorine (chemical element, with atomic number 9; under normal conditions, a poisonous gas)


fosfors

fosfors (nominative singular)
fosfora (genitive singular)
fosforam (dative singular)
fosforu (accusative singular)
fosforu (instrumental singular)
fosforā (locative singular)
fosfor (singular vocative)

From Latin phosphorus, from Ancient Greek φωσφόρος (phōsphóros, “the bearer of light”), from φῶς (phôs, “light”) + φέρω (phérō, “to bear, to carry”).

uder

baltais, sarkanais, violetais fosfors

fosfora sāļi

fosfora mēslojums

phosphorus (nonmentallic chemical element with atomic number 15)


takts

takts (nominative singular)
taktis (nominative plural)
takts (genitive singular)
taktu (genitive plural)
taktij (dative singular)
taktīm (dative plural)
takti (accusative singular)
taktis (accusative plural)
takti (instrumental singular)
taktīm (instrumental plural)
taktī (locative singular)
taktīs (locative plural)
takts (singular vocative)
taktis (plural vocative)


teologs

lv-noun

teologs m (1st declension, feminine form: teoloģe)

teoloģe (feminine)
teologs (nominative singular)
teologi (nominative plural)
teologa (genitive singular)
teologu (genitive plural)
teologam (dative singular)
teologiem (dative plural)
teologu (accusative singular)
teologus (accusative plural)
teologu (instrumental singular)
teologiem (instrumental plural)
teologā (locative singular)
teologos (locative plural)
teolog (singular vocative)
teologi (plural vocative)

(male) theologian (a specialist in theology)


Svetlana

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in 1925. From Russian Светла́на (Svetlána).

Светла́на Светлана#Russian

A transliteration of the Russian female given name Светла́на (Svetlána).


Astra

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in early 20th century. From astra (“aster flower”), or from Latin astrum (“star”).


Biruta

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in 1888. From Lithuanian Birutė.


Gaida

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in 1915. From gaidīt (“to wait for”).


Genovefa

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in 1876. Cognate to German Genoveva and French Geneviève.


Jūlija

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in 1837. From Latin Iūlia, from Iūlius. Cognate with English Julia.

Ю́лия Юлия#Russian

A transliteration of the Russian female given name Ю́лия (Júlija).


Lelde

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in 1929. Phonetic coinage, name of a character in the play Spēlēju, dancoju (1915) by Rainis.


Liāna

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in the end of the 19th century. Shortened from Juliāna and Liliāna. Cognate with English Liana.


Līva

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in 1461. Possibly from Līvija (“Livia”), or a feminine form of the rare medieval name Līvs, from līvs (“Livonian”). Compare Danish Liva.


Līvija

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in 1895. From Latin Livia.


Lūcija

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in 1513. From Latin Lucia. Cognate with English Lucy.


Maiga

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in 1750. From maigs (“gentle”).


Monta

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in early 20th century. From Latin mons (“mountain”).


Patrīcija

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in 1969. Ultimately from Latin Patricia, via modern English or French.


Rudīte

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in 1912. From ruds (“red-brown”) or rudens (“autumn”) + the diminutive suffix -īte.


Rasma

Rasma (nominative singular)
Rasmas (genitive singular)
Rasmai (dative singular)
Rasmu (accusative singular)
Rasmu (instrumental singular)
Rasmā (locative singular)
Rasma (singular vocative)

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in the end of the 19th century. From rasma (“fruitfulness, fecundity”).


Vizma

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in the end of the 19th century. From vizmot (“to glimmer”).


Zaiga

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in 1920. From zaigot (“to glisten”).


dzirdēt

head

dzirdēt (transitive, 3rd conjugation, present dzirdu, dzirdi, dzird, past dzirdēju)

conjugation (third-person)
dzirdu (present)
dzirdi (present)
dzird (present)
dzirdēju (past)
dzirdu (first-person indicative present singular)
dzirdēju (first-person indicative past singular)
dzirdēšu (first-person future indicative singular)
dzirdi (indicative present second-person singular)
dzirdēji (indicative past second-person singular)
dzirdēsi (future indicative second-person singular)
dzirdi (imperative second-person singular)
dzird (indicative present singular third-person)
dzirdēja (indicative past singular third-person)
dzirdēs (future indicative singular third-person)
lai dzird (imperative singular third-person)
dzirdam (first-person indicative plural present)
dzirdējām (first-person indicative past plural)
dzirdēsim (first-person future indicative plural)
dzirdēsim (first-person imperative plural)
dzirdat (indicative plural present second-person)
dzirdējāt (indicative past plural second-person)
dzirdēsiet (future indicative plural second-person)
dzirdēsit (future indicative plural second-person)
dzirdiet (imperative plural second-person)
dzird (indicative plural present third-person)
dzirdēja (indicative past plural third-person)
dzirdēs (future indicative plural third-person)
lai dzird (imperative plural third-person)
dzirdot (present renarrative)
dzirdošs (active adjectival participle participle-1 present)
esot dzirdējis (past renarrative)
dzirdēdams (active adverbial participle participle-2 present)
dzirdēšot (future renarrative)
dzirdot (active adverbial participle participle-3 present)
lai dzirdot (imperative)
dzirdam (active participle participle-4 present)
dzirdējis (active participle past)
dzirdētu (conditional present)
dzirdams (participle passive present)
būtu dzirdējis (conditional past)
dzirdēts (participle passive past)
jādzird (debitive indicative)
būt jādzird (debitive indicative)
dzirdēt (infinitive)
esot jādzird (conjunctive conjunctive-1 debitive)
nedzirdēt (infinitive negative)
jādzirdot (conjunctive conjunctive-2 debitive)
dzirdēšana (noun-from-verb)

Originally the iterative form of dialectal dzirst (“to perceive, to hear”), a variant of dialectal dzirt (“to praise, to honor”), from Proto-Baltic *gir-, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷr̥H-, *gʷerH- (“to produce audible voice; to praise, to welcome”). The semantic evolution was from “to praise, to say” to “to produce a voice” to “to perceive a voice, to hear.” Cognates include Lithuanian girdė́ti, Old Prussian gerdant (gerdaut?, “to say”), Sudovian hirdet (< *girdēt), Sanskrit गृणाति (gṛṇā́ti, “to call, to invoke, to praise”), गुरते (guráte, “to welcome”), गी (gī́, “word, call, praise”).

cog

viņš labi nedzird

ne visi dzīvnieki dzird

to hear, to be hearing (to be capable of hearing)


gulēt

head

gulēt (intransitive, 3rd conjugation, irregular, present guļu, guli, guļ, past gulēju)

conjugation (third-person)
guļu (present)
guli (present)
guļ (present)
gulēju (past)
guļu (first-person indicative present singular)
gulēju (first-person indicative past singular)
gulēšu (first-person future indicative singular)
guli (indicative present second-person singular)
gulēji (indicative past second-person singular)
gulēsi (future indicative second-person singular)
guli (imperative second-person singular)
guļ (indicative present singular third-person)
gulēja (indicative past singular third-person)
gulēs (future indicative singular third-person)
lai guļ (imperative singular third-person)
guļam (first-person indicative plural present)
gulējām (first-person indicative past plural)
gulēsim (first-person future indicative plural)
gulēsim (first-person imperative plural)
guļat (indicative plural present second-person)
gulējāt (indicative past plural second-person)
gulēsiet (future indicative plural second-person)
gulēsit (future indicative plural second-person)
guliet (imperative plural second-person)
guļ (indicative plural present third-person)
gulēja (indicative past plural third-person)
gulēs (future indicative plural third-person)
lai guļ (imperative plural third-person)
guļot (present renarrative)
guļošs (active adjectival participle participle-1 present)
gulošs (active adjectival participle participle-1 present)
esot gulējis (past renarrative)
gulēdams (active adverbial participle participle-2 present)
gulēšot (future renarrative)
guļot (active adverbial participle participle-3 present)
lai guļot (imperative)
guļam (active participle participle-4 present)
gulējis (active participle past)
gulētu (conditional present)
guļams (participle passive present)
būtu gulējis (conditional past)
gulēts (participle passive past)
jāguļ (debitive indicative)
būt jāguļ (debitive indicative)
gulēt (infinitive)
esot jāguļ (conjunctive conjunctive-1 debitive)
negulēt (infinitive negative)
jāguļot (conjunctive conjunctive-2 debitive)
gulēšana (noun-from-verb)

From the same stem as the verb gult (“to lie down”), of which it was originally the iterative (and possibly causative) form, from Proto-Indo-European *gwel- (“dwelling-place, hole”), see also Lithuanian guolis (“resting place”).
Originally it was an i-stem, as can be seen in dialectal forms like gulim, gulit instad of guļam, guļat. Cognates include Lithuanian gulė́ti, Sudovian gułd (< *gult).

der

gulēt visu nakti

saldi gulēt

gulēt saldā miegā, saldu miegu

laiks gulēt

bērnam gribas gulēt

(aiz)iet gulēt

ej (nu) gulēt!

guļ kā lācis

gulēt dienvidu

to take an afternoon nap (lit. to sleep midday)

gulēt ar gripu

gulēt ar plaušu karsoni

gulēt nesamaņā

gulēt slimnīcā

to be (lit. lie) in a hospital (= to be in treatmnet)

gulēt uz (slimības) gultā

to be bedridden (lit. to lie in (an illness) bed)

gulēt uz nāves gultā

to lie in one's death bed (terminal patient)

to lie in bed because of sickness; to be bedridden


prast

head

prast (transitive or intransitive, 1st conjugation, present protu, proti, prot, past pratu)

conjugation (first-person)
protu (present)
proti (present)
prot (present)
pratu (past)
protu (first-person indicative present singular)
pratu (first-person indicative past singular)
pratīšu (first-person future indicative singular)
proti (indicative present second-person singular)
prati (indicative past second-person singular)
pratīsi (future indicative second-person singular)
proti (imperative second-person singular)
prot (indicative present singular third-person)
prata (indicative past singular third-person)
pratīs (future indicative singular third-person)
lai prot (imperative singular third-person)
protam (first-person indicative plural present)
pratām (first-person indicative past plural)
pratīsim (first-person future indicative plural)
pratīsim (first-person imperative plural)
protat (indicative plural present second-person)
pratāt (indicative past plural second-person)
pratīsiet (future indicative plural second-person)
pratīsit (future indicative plural second-person)
protiet (imperative plural second-person)
prot (indicative plural present third-person)
prata (indicative past plural third-person)
pratīs (future indicative plural third-person)
lai prot (imperative plural third-person)
protot (present renarrative)
protošs (active adjectival participle participle-1 present)
esot pratis (past renarrative)
prazdams (active adverbial participle participle-2 present)
pratīšot (future renarrative)
protot (active adverbial participle participle-3 present)
lai protot (imperative)
protam (active participle participle-4 present)
pratis (active participle past)
prastu (conditional present)
protams (participle passive present)
būtu pratis (conditional past)
prasts (participle passive past)
jāprot (debitive indicative)
būt jāprot (debitive indicative)
prast (infinitive)
esot jāprot (conjunctive conjunctive-1 debitive)
neprast (infinitive negative)
jāprotot (conjunctive conjunctive-2 debitive)
prašana (noun-from-verb)

From an earlier *prasti, from *prat-ti, from Proto-Baltic *prat-, from Proto-Indo-European *pret-, *prot- (“to understand”); the first-person form is derived from a variant with an extra n, *prantuo, from *prantu, from protu. Up until the 17th century, prast basically meant “to understand,” “to perceive,” i.e, it was synonymous with saprast; the present-day meaning occurred alongside the older meaning and became dominant only by the end of the 19th century. Cognates include Lithuanian pràsti (“to get used to, to understand, to perceive”), Old Prussian issprestun (“to understand”) (compare Latvian izprast), Gothic 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌽 (fraþjan, “to think, to recognize, to understand”), 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌸𐌹 (fraþi, “mind, intelligence”), Latin interpres (“intermediary, mediator, interpreter”), Tocharian A pratim, etc.

cog

Puškins prata vairākas valodas

viņš labi prata angļu valodu un bez kādām grūtībām varēja lasīt katru grāmatu vai laikrakstu

he knew English well and could read all books and magazines without any difficulty

to know, to speak, to be fluent in (a language)


zagt

head

zagt (transitive or intransitive, 1st conjugation, present zogu, zodz, zog, past zagu)

conjugation (first-person)
zogu (present)
zodz (present)
zog (present)
zagu (past)
zogu (first-person indicative present singular)
zagu (first-person indicative past singular)
zagšu (first-person future indicative singular)
zodz (indicative present second-person singular)
zagi (indicative past second-person singular)
zagsi (future indicative second-person singular)
zodz (imperative second-person singular)
zog (indicative present singular third-person)
zaga (indicative past singular third-person)
zags (future indicative singular third-person)
lai zog (imperative singular third-person)
zogam (first-person indicative plural present)
zagām (first-person indicative past plural)
zagsim (first-person future indicative plural)
zagsim (first-person imperative plural)
zogat (indicative plural present second-person)
zagāt (indicative past plural second-person)
zagsiet (future indicative plural second-person)
zagsit (future indicative plural second-person)
zodziet (imperative plural second-person)
zog (indicative plural present third-person)
zaga (indicative past plural third-person)
zags (future indicative plural third-person)
lai zog (imperative plural third-person)
zogot (present renarrative)
zogošs (active adjectival participle participle-1 present)
esot zadzis (past renarrative)
zagdams (active adverbial participle participle-2 present)
zagšot (future renarrative)
zogot (active adverbial participle participle-3 present)
lai zogot (imperative)
zogam (active participle participle-4 present)
zadzis (active participle past)
zagtu (conditional present)
zogams (participle passive present)
būtu zadzis (conditional past)
zagts (participle passive past)
jāzog (debitive indicative)
būt jāzog (debitive indicative)
zagt (infinitive)
esot jāzog (conjunctive conjunctive-1 debitive)
nezagt (infinitive negative)
jāzogot (conjunctive conjunctive-2 debitive)
zagšana (noun-from-verb)

Usually derived from Proto-Baltic *žangō (from Latvian *zuoguo, from the present tense form zogu), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰongʰ- (“dirty”). The semantic evolution was presumably from “to make dirty, to defile” to “to defile by stealing” to “to steal”. Cognates include Lithuanian žàgti, present form: žagiù (“to make dirty, to steal”), present form: žangù (“to eat something forbidden, to steal”); from the adjectival form *ǵʰogʰos (“dirty”), also Sanskrit जघन (jaghana, “buttocks; shame”), Ancient Greek κοχώνη (kokhṓnē, “crotch”). A more recent hypothesis relates zagt to Lithuanian žeñgti (“to walk, to go”), iterative form žangýti; the present tense form žangaũ would then correspond to Latvian zogu. This hypothesis would presumably explain better the meaning of Latvian reflexive form zagties (“to sneak, to go without being noticed”) (compare to Russian красть (krastʹ, “to steal”) и красться (krastʹsja, “to walk, to go without being noticed”)).

cog

rīt ārsti attālinās nāves varu, kas pāragri mums dzīves gadus zog

tomorrow the doctors will push away the power of death, which has stolen life years prematurely from us

(figuratively) to steal (to cause someone to lose something, to not be able to use or have something)


dziedāt

head

dziedāt (transitive or intransitive, 3rd conjugation, irregular, present dziedu, dziedi, dzied, past dziedāju)

conjugation (third-person)
dziedu (present)
dziedi (present)
dzied (present)
dziedāju (past)
dziedu (first-person indicative present singular)
dziedāju (first-person indicative past singular)
dziedāšu (first-person future indicative singular)
dziedi (indicative present second-person singular)
dziedāji (indicative past second-person singular)
dziedāsi (future indicative second-person singular)
dziedi (imperative second-person singular)
dzied (indicative present singular third-person)
dziedāja (indicative past singular third-person)
dziedās (future indicative singular third-person)
lai dzied (imperative singular third-person)
dziedam (first-person indicative plural present)
dziedājām (first-person indicative past plural)
dziedāsim (first-person future indicative plural)
dziedāsim (first-person imperative plural)
dziedat (indicative plural present second-person)
dziedājāt (indicative past plural second-person)
dziedāsiet (future indicative plural second-person)
dziedāsit (future indicative plural second-person)
dziediet (imperative plural second-person)
dzied (indicative plural present third-person)
dziedāja (indicative past plural third-person)
dziedās (future indicative plural third-person)
lai dzied (imperative plural third-person)
dziedot (present renarrative)
dziedošs (active adjectival participle participle-1 present)
esot dziedājis (past renarrative)
dziedādams (active adverbial participle participle-2 present)
dziedāšot (future renarrative)
dziedot (active adverbial participle participle-3 present)
lai dziedot (imperative)
dziedam (active participle participle-4 present)
dziedājis (active participle past)
dziedātu (conditional present)
dziedams (participle passive present)
būtu dziedājis (conditional past)
dziedāts (participle passive past)
jādzied (debitive indicative)
būt jādzied (debitive indicative)
dziedāt (infinitive)
esot jādzied (conjunctive conjunctive-1 debitive)
nedziedāt (infinitive negative)
jādziedot (conjunctive conjunctive-2 debitive)
dziedāšana (noun-from-verb)

From Proto-Baltic *geyd-, from Proto-Indo-European *gēy-, *goy-, *gī- (“to sing, to call, to shout”) with an extra -d. Originally, dziedāt was an iterative-intensive form of an earlier verb, either *gīst (< *gī-d-ti; cf, Lithuanian pra-gýsti), or *giet (< *gie- < *gēy-, from which also dziesma (“song”)).
Cognates include Lithuanian giedóti (“to sing”), pragýsti (“to begin to sing”), gáida, gaidà (“melody; singer”), Proto-Slavic *gajati (Old East Slavic гаяти (gajati, “to croak, to caw”), Russian dialectal га́ять (gájatʹ, “to yawn; to speak, to shout, to make noise; to swear, to yell at someone; to drive animals by shouting”)), Sanskrit गायति (gāyati), गाति (gā́jati, gā́ti, “to sing”), गीत (gī́ta, “having sung”), Tocharian A kāk (“he called”), Tocharian B kāka (“he called”).

cog

dziedāt operas teātrī

dziedāt pašdarbības kolektīvā

dziedāt koncertā, korī, izrādē

dziedāt titullomu operas izrādē

to sing the title role in an opera performance

to sing (to practice a vocal art; to participate in a singing group, to play a singing role in a musical performance)


Vija

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in early 20th century. From vija (“garland”).


Vēsma

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in 1487. From vēsma (“breeze”).


Velga

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in 1933. From veldzēt (“to refresh”).


Lilita

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in 1903. From Hebrew לילית. Cognate to English Lilith.


Vineta

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in early 20th century. Possibly from Latin vinetum (“vineyard”), or a phonetic coinage.


Aiva

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in 1936. Possibly from Aivars or Aivis, or from the name of a species of plant, aiva, fam. Rosaceae. Cognate with Estonian Aive.


Sigita

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in 1962. From Lithuanian Sigita.


Zenta

First recorded as a given name of Latvians during 1825-1850 . Cognate of German Senta, possibly a contraction of Kreszentia, from Latin Crescentia.


Elvīra

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in 1874. From Spanish Elvira.


Simons

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in 1385. From Latin Simon, ultimately from Hebrew. Cognate to English Simon.


plecs

plecs (nominative singular)
pleci (nominative plural)
pleca (genitive singular)
plecu (genitive plural)
plecam (dative singular)
pleciem (dative plural)
plecu (accusative singular)
plecus (accusative plural)
plecu (instrumental singular)
pleciem (instrumental plural)
plecā (locative singular)
plecos (locative plural)
plec (singular vocative)
pleci (plural vocative)

pleca kauls, locītava

vīrietis platiem, šauriem, taisniem pleciem

a man of wide, narrow, straight shoulders

paraustīt, noraustīt plecus

uzlikt mugursomu uz pleciem

(anatomy) shoulder (the joining of arm and body)


lāpstiņa

lāpstiņa (nominative singular)
lāpstiņas (nominative plural)
lāpstiņas (genitive singular)
lāpstiņu (genitive plural)
lāpstiņai (dative singular)
lāpstiņām (dative plural)
lāpstiņu (accusative singular)
lāpstiņas (accusative plural)
lāpstiņu (instrumental singular)
lāpstiņām (instrumental plural)
lāpstiņā (locative singular)
lāpstiņās (locative plural)
lāpstiņa (singular vocative)
lāpstiņas (plural vocative)

kūku lāpstiņa

stādāmā lāpstiņa

mūrnieka lāpstiņa

koku mizošanai ļoti vajadzīgs darba rīks ir mizojamā lāpstiņa

a very important tool for barking trees is the peeling blade

(tool) various blade-having tools similar to a shovel like spades, spatulas, trowels, etc.

labā, kreisā lāpstiņa

lāpstiņas kauls

(anatomy) shoulder blade (triangular bone behind the thorax)


maratons

maratons (nominative singular)
maratoni (nominative plural)
maratona (genitive singular)
maratonu (genitive plural)
maratonam (dative singular)
maratoniem (dative plural)
maratonu (accusative singular)
maratonus (accusative plural)
maratonu (instrumental singular)
maratoniem (instrumental plural)
maratonā (locative singular)
maratonos (locative plural)
maraton (singular vocative)
maratoni (plural vocative)

Via other European languages, ultimately borrowed from French marathon, after Ancient Greek Μαραθών (Marathṓn), a town northeast of Athens.


Jadviga

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in 1877. From Polish Jadwiga. Cognate to German and English Hedwig.

A respelling of the Polish female given name Jadwiga.


Mudīte

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in early 20th century. From mudīgs (“brisk”).


Vizbulīte

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in 1922. From vizbulīte (“anemone”). Name of a character in the play Indulis un Ārija (1911) by Rainis.


Valentīna

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in 1876. From Latin Valentina, feminine form of Valentinus.

Валенти́на Валентина#Russian

A transliteration of the Russian female given name Валенти́на (Valentína).


Jekaterina

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in 1877. From Russian Екатери́на (Jekaterína, “Catherine”).

bor

Екатери́на Екатерина#Russian

A transliteration of the Russian female given name Екатери́на (Jekaterína).


Jekaterīna

Екатерина Екатерина#Russian

A transliteration of the Russian female given name Екатерина (Jekaterina).


Jeļena

First recorded as a given name of Latvians during 1850 - 1875. From Russian Еле́на (Jeléna).

Еле́на Елена#Russian

A transliteration of the Russian female given name Еле́на (Jeléna), equivalent to Helen.

(less common) a female given name of Latvian speakers


Ļubova

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in the end of the 19th century. From Russian Любо́вь (Ljubóvʹ), from любо́вь (ljubóvʹ, “love”). Compare to English Charity.

Любо́вь Любовь#Russian

A transliteration of the Russian female given name Любо́вь (Ljubóvʹ).


antimons

antimons (nominative singular)
antimona (genitive singular)
antimonam (dative singular)
antimonu (accusative singular)
antimonu (instrumental singular)
antimonā (locative singular)
antimon (singular vocative)

From Medieval Latin antimonium, of uncertain origin.

antimona sakausējums ar svinu

antimony (metalloid chemical element, quite toxic, with atomic number 51.)


argons

argons (nominative singular)
argona (genitive singular)
argonam (dative singular)
argonu (accusative singular)
argonu (instrumental singular)
argonā (locative singular)
argon (singular vocative)

From Ancient Greek ἀργόν (argón), neuter of ἀργός (argós, “idle, lazy”), because of its inertness.

argona izotopi

argon (gaseous chemical element, an inert noble gas, with atomic number 18)


jods

jods (nominative singular)
joda (genitive singular)
jodam (dative singular)
jodu (accusative singular)
jodu (instrumental singular)
jodā (locative singular)
jod (singular vocative)

From Ancient Greek ἰοειδής (ioeidḗs, “violet”).

uder

joda savienojumi

iodine (nonmetallic chemical element, with atomic number 53.)


jods

jods (nominative singular)
jodi (nominative plural)
joda (genitive singular)
jodu (genitive plural)
jodam (dative singular)
jodiem (dative plural)
jodu (accusative singular)
jodus (accusative plural)
jodu (instrumental singular)
jodiem (instrumental plural)
jodā (locative singular)
jodos (locative plural)
jod (singular vocative)
jodi (plural vocative)

(mythology) Latvian mythological being, also called velns; a devil that presides over the dead in a realm under the earth


konsuls

konsuls (nominative singular)
konsuli (nominative plural)
konsula (genitive singular)
konsulu (genitive plural)
konsulam (dative singular)
konsuliem (dative plural)
konsulu (accusative singular)
konsulus (accusative plural)
konsulu (instrumental singular)
konsuliem (instrumental plural)
konsulā (locative singular)
konsulos (locative plural)
konsul (singular vocative)
konsuli (plural vocative)

consul (official residing in major foreign towns to represent and protect the interests of the merchants and citizens of their country)

heads of government
head of government#English

Byzantine Empire
Byzantine Empire#English

(historical) consul (either of the two heads of government and state of the Roman Republic or the equivalent nominal post under the Roman and Byzantine Empires)

heads of government
heads of government#English

(historical) consul (any of the three heads of government and state of France between 1799 and 1804)


paleontologs

lv-noun

paleontologs m (1st declension, feminine form: paleontoloģe)

paleontoloģe (feminine)
paleontologs (nominative singular)
paleontologi (nominative plural)
paleontologa (genitive singular)
paleontologu (genitive plural)
paleontologam (dative singular)
paleontologiem (dative plural)
paleontologu (accusative singular)
paleontologus (accusative plural)
paleontologu (instrumental singular)
paleontologiem (instrumental plural)
paleontologā (locative singular)
paleontologos (locative plural)
paleontolog (singular vocative)
paleontologi (plural vocative)

(male) paleontologist (a specialist in paleontology)


radons

radons (nominative singular)
radona (genitive singular)
radonam (dative singular)
radonu (accusative singular)
radonu (instrumental singular)
radonā (locative singular)
radon (singular vocative)

From English, a contraction of radium emanation, since the element appears in the radioactive decay of radium.

radons ir smaga, radioaktīva cēlgāze

radon (gaseous chemical element, with atomic number 86.)


sals

sals (nominative singular)
sala (genitive singular)
salam (dative singular)
salu (accusative singular)
salu (instrumental singular)
salā (locative singular)
sal (singular vocative)

stiprs sals

uznāca sals un sniegs

spalgs sals

sajust salu

rokas salā sastingušas

(weather) intense cold, frost, with air temperature below the freezing point


volframs

volframs (nominative singular)
volframa (genitive singular)
volframam (dative singular)
volframu (accusative singular)
volframu (instrumental singular)
volframā (locative singular)
volfram (singular vocative)

volframa savienojumi

volframs ir viens no cietākajiem metāliem

tungsten (metallic chemical element, with atomic number 74.)


Nadežda

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in the end of the 19th century. From Russian Наде́жда (Nadéžda).

Наде́жда Надежда#Russian

A transliteration of the Russian female given name Наде́жда (Nadéžda).


Natalija

Наде́жда Надежда#Russian

Ната́лия Наталия#Russian

A transliteration of the Russian female given name Ната́лия (Natálija).


Natālija

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in 1773. From Latin Natalia.

Ната́лия Наталия#Russian


Ņina

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in early 20th century. From Russian Ни́на (Nína).

a female given name from Russian of Latvian speakers

Ни́на Нина#Russian

A transliteration of the Russian female given name Ни́на (Nína).


Tamāra

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in the end of the 19th century. Ultimately from Hebrew תמר (tāmār, “date palm”). Cognate with English Tamara.

Тама́ра Тамара#Russian

A transliteration of the Russian female given name Тама́ра (Tamára).


Liudmila

Людми́ла Людмила#Russian

A transliteration of the Russian female given name Людми́ла (Ljudmíla).


Anastasija

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in 1835. From Ancient Greek Ἀναστασία (Anastasía). Cognate with English Anastasia.

Анастасия Анастасия#Russian

A transliteration of the Russian female given name Анастасия (Anastasija).


Antoņina

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in 1877. From Latin Antonina.

Антонина Антонина#Russian

A transliteration of the Russian female given name Антонина (Antonina).


Antonija

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in 1832. From Spanish Antonia.


Jevgeņija

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in 1877. From Russian Евге́ния (Jevgénija).

Евге́ния Евгения#Russian

A transliteration of the Russian female given name Евге́ния (Jevgénija), equivalent to Eugenia.


Jevgenija

From Russian Евге́ния (Jevgénija, “Eugenia”).

Евге́ния Евгения#Russian

A transliteration of the Russian female given name Евге́ния (Jevgénija).


Jevgēnija

Евге́ния Евгения#Russian


Eiženija

First recorded as a given name of Latvians during 1850–1875. From Ancient Greek Εὐγενία (Eugenía), feminine form of Εὐγένιος (Eugénios, literally “well born”). Cognate with English Eugenia.


Zinaida

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in the end of the 19th century. From Russian Зинаи́да (Zinaída).

Зинаи́да Зинаида#Russian

A transliteration of the Russian female given name Зинаи́да (Zinaída).


Zinaīda

Зинаи́да Зинаида#Russian


Klavdija

From Russian Кла́вдия (Klávdija), from Latin Claudia.

Кла́вдия Клавдия#Russian

A transliteration of the Russian female given name Кла́вдия (Klávdija), equivalent to Claudia.


Klaudija

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in the end of the 19th century. From Latin Claudia.


Ksenija

First recorded as a given name of Latvians during 1825–1850. Ultimately from Ancient Greek ξενία (xenía, “hospitable”). Cognate with English Xenia.

der

Ксе́ния Ксения#Bulgarian

A transliteration of the Bulgarian or Russian female given name Ксе́ния (Ksénija)

Ксенія Ксенія#Belarusian

A transliteration of the Belarusian or Ukrainian female given name Ксенія (Ksjenija).


Valerija

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in 1877. From Latin Valeria.

Валерия Валерия#Russian

A transliteration of the Russian female given name Валерия (Valerija).


Valērija

Variant of Valerija, from Latin Valeria.

Валерия Валерия#Russian


Arina

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in 1925 (Arīna). From Russian Арина (Arina), a variant of Ири́на (Irína, “Irene”).

Арина Арина#Russian

A transliteration of the Russian female given name Арина (Arina).


Taisija

First recorded as a given name of Latvians during 1850–1875 (as Taīsija). From Russian Таи́сия (Taísija, name of a saint), ultimately from Ancient Greek Θαΐς (Thaḯs).

bor

Таи́сия Таисия#Russian

A transliteration of the Russian female given name Таи́сия (Taísija).


Staņislava

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in the end of the 19th century. Feminine equivalent of Staņislavs (“Stanislaus”). Cognate with Czech Stanislava.


Gaļina

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in 1911. From Russian Гали́на (Galína), from Ancient Greek γαλήνη (galḗnē, “calm”), name of a Nereid and of early martyrs venerated in the Eastern Orthodox Church.

Гали́на Галина#Russian

A transliteration of the Russian female given name Гали́на (Galína).


Jeļizaveta

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in 1877. From Russian Елизаве́та (Jelizavéta).

Елизаве́та Елизавета#Russian

A transliteration of the Russian female given name Елизаве́та (Jelizavéta), equivalent to Elizabeth.


Jevdokija

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in the end of the 19th century. From Russian Евдо́кия (Jevdókija).

Евдо́кия Евдокия#Russian

A transliteration of the Russian female given name Евдо́кия (Jevdókija).


Oksana

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in 1925 - 1950 (Oksāna). From Russian and Ukrainian Окса́на (Oksána).

Окса́на Оксана#Russian

A transliteration of the Russian or Ukrainian female given name Окса́на (Oksána).


Broņislava

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in 1877. From Polish Bronisława, name of a Polish 13th century beatified nun; from Slavic elements meaning "protection" and "glory".

Бронислава Бронислава#Russian

A transliteration of the Russian female given name Бронислава (Bronislava).

A respelling of the Polish female given name Bronisława.


Jurijs

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in 1771. From Russian Ю́рий (Júrij).

Ю́рий Юрий#Russian

A transliteration of the Russian male given name Ю́рий (Júrij), equivalent to George.


Iļja

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in early 20th century. From Russian Илья́ (Ilʹjá).

Илья́ Илья#Russian

A transliteration of the Russian male given name Илья́ (Ilʹjá), equivalent to Elijah.


Genadijs

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in 1923. From Russian Генна́дий (Gennádij), from Ancient Greek Γεννάδιος (Gennádios), from γεννάδας (gennádas, “noble”). Name of early saints venerated in the Eastern Orthodox Church. Cognate with the historical English and Latin Gennadius.

Генна́дий Геннадий#Russian

A transliteration of the Russian male given name Генна́дий (Gennádij), Gennady.


Genādijs

Генна́дий Геннадий#Russian

A transliteration of the Russian male given name Генна́дий (Gennádij).


Veneranda

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in 1925. From Latin veneranda (“venerated”).


Ojārs

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in 1903. From dialectal Latvian ojars (“romp, madcap”).


Aļona

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in 1877. From Russian Алёна (Aljóna), a vernacular variant of Еле́на (Jeléna, “Helen”).

Алёна Алёна#Russian

A transliteration of the Russian female given name Алёна (Aljóna).


Deniss

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in 1969. From Russian Дени́с (Denís). Cognate with English Dennis, Denis.

Дени́с Денис#Russian

A transliteration of the Russian male given name Дени́с (Denís).


Kirils

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in the 18th century. From Russian Кири́лл (Kiríll), ultimately from Ancient Greek Κύριλλος (Kúrillos). Cognate with English Cyril.

Кири́лл Кирилл#Russian

A transliteration of the Russian male given name Кири́лл (Kiríll), Kirill, equivalent to Cyril.


Vadims

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in early 20th century. From Russian Вади́м (Vadím), which is transliterated into English Vadim.

Вади́м Вадим#Russian

A transliteration of the Russian male given name Вади́м (Vadím).


Nataļja

From Russian Ната́лья (Natálʹja), a variant of Ната́лия (Natálija), from Latin Natalia.

Ната́лья Наталья#Russian

A transliteration of the Russian female given name Ната́лья (Natálʹja).


Amālija

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in 1795. From Germanic compound names beginning with *amal, "vigor, bravery". Cognate with German Amalia and English Amelia.


Terēze

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in 1835. Cognate with French Thérèse and English Teresa.


Terēza

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in 1835. Cognate with English Teresa.


Terēzija

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in 1876. Cognate with German Theresia and English Teresa.


Luīze

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in 1795. From French Louise.


Lavīze

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in 1787. Cognate with English Louise.


Liesma

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in 1900. From liesma (“flame”). Name of a character in the play Ragana (1895) by Aspazija.


Iluta

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in 1935. Unknown etymology, possibly a phonetic coinage.


Ilva

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in 1943. Unknown etymology, possibly a phonetic coinage.

unk

Unknown


Rasa

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in the end of the 19th century. From rasa (“dew”).


Šarlote

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in 1779. From French Charlotte.


Zinta

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in 1922. From zinte (“magic”).


Zintis

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in 1940. From zinte (“magic”).


Mikus

Mikus (nominative singular)
Mikus (genitive singular)
Mikum (dative singular)
Miku (accusative singular)
Miku (instrumental singular)
Mikū (locative singular)
Mikus (singular vocative)

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in 1861. Variant of Miķelis (“Michael”).


Olita

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in 1906. Probably from Olga.


Dainuvīte

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in early 20th century. From daina (“folk song”) + vīt (“to twist, wind”).


ekonomika

ekonomika (nominative singular)
ekonomikas (genitive singular)
ekonomikai (dative singular)
ekonomiku (accusative singular)
ekonomiku (instrumental singular)
ekonomikā (locative singular)
ekonomika (singular vocative)

Via some other European language, ultimately from Latin oeconomia, from Ancient Greek οἰκονομία (oikonomía, “management of a household, administration”), from οἶκος (oîkos, “house”) and νόμος (nómos, “law”).

uder

ekonomikas zinātne

ekonomikas vēsture

ekonomikas fakultāte

studēt ekonomiku

economics (social science that studies resource production, distribution, and consumption, capital and investment, and the management of the factors of production)


alumīnijs

alumīnijs (nominative singular)
alumīnija (genitive singular)
alumīnijam (dative singular)
alumīniju (accusative singular)
alumīniju (instrumental singular)
alumīnijā (locative singular)
alumīnij (singular vocative)

From English alumina (“aluminum oxide”), from Latin alumen (“alum, bitter salt”). The name of this metal in English, aluminum, was created from alumina in 1812 by Sir Humphrey David.

alumīnija rūdas

alumīnija sakausējumi

alumīnija trauki

alumīnija caurules

alumīnija skārds

aluminum (chemical element, a light, silvery metal, with atomic number 13)


Paulīna

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in 1878. From Latin Paulīna.


Līna

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in 1777. Short form of names ending in -līna and -līne, such as Paulīna and Karolīna. Cognate with English Lina.


Karlīna

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in 1795. A feminine form of Kārlis.


Otīlija

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in 1453. Cognate with German Ottilie and French Odile.


Baba

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in 1618. Contraction of Barbara.


Brencis

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in 1520. Short form of Labrencis, from Latin Laurentius. Cognate with English Laurence.


Karolīna

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in 1795 as Karolīne. From French Caroline.


Alvīna

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in 1864. Cognate with English Alvina.


Alvīne

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in 1864. Variant of Alvīna. Cognate with English Alvina.


Airita

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in 1969. Diminutive form of Aira.


Aivita

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in 1969. Diminutive form of Aiva.


Arnita

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in 1969. Probably from the male given name Arnis, from Arnolds.


Egita

First recorded as a given name of Latvians during 1925-1950. Uncertain origin, possibly related to the Latin Aegidius.


Justīne

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in 1819. From Latin Iustina, name of early saints, feminine of Iustinus, derivative of Iustus, from iustus (“just”). Cognate with French and English Justine.


Judīte

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in 1650. From Hebrew. Cognate with English Judith.


teika

teika (nominative singular)
teikas (nominative plural)
teikas (genitive singular)
teiku (genitive plural)
teikai (dative singular)
teikām (dative plural)
teiku (accusative singular)
teikas (accusative plural)
teiku (instrumental singular)
teikām (instrumental plural)
teikā (locative singular)
teikās (locative plural)
teika (singular vocative)
teikas (plural vocative)

From the same stem as the verb teikt (“to say”) (q.v.). Dialectally and originally the meaning was “saying, talk.” The current meaning (corresponding to German Sage, Russian предание (predanije)) appeared in the 1860's, perhaps under the influence of A. Kronvalds.

latviešu tautas teika

teika par Dundagas pili

teika par Lāčplēsi

the legend of Lāčplēsis (the Bear-Slayer)

vietu teikas

stāstīt teikas

sena teika stāsta, ka Sjerraleone (tulkojumā “Lauvu kalni”) dabūjusi savu nosaukumu no portugāļu jūras braucējiem

an old legend says that Sierra Leone (literally “Lion Mountains”) obtained its name from Portuguese sailors

legend, tale (traditional folk narrative combining the real and the fantastic; the respective genre)


Raita

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in 1935. From raits (“brisk”).


Rota

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in the end of the 19th century. From rota (“adornment”).


Lija

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in early 20th century. From names like Elizabete, Jūlija, Lea, cognate with Italian Lia and Spanish Lía. Also explained as Latvian lija (“light rain”) or lija (“hen harrier”).


Laimdota

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in the end of the 19th century. From Laima, goddess of fortune + dot (“to give”). Character in the play Uguns un nakts (1907) by Rainis.


Laimdots

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in 1922. A rare masculine form of Laimdota.


Agnis

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in 1923. Uncertain etymology, possibly a masculine form of Agnese (“Agnes”).


Verners

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in 1638. Of Germanic origin, cognate with German Werner and modern Scandinavian Verner.


Sīmanis

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in 1562. Ultimately from Hebrew. Cognate with English Simon.


Ingars

First recorded as a given name of Latvians during 1950-1975 . Uncertain etymology. Compare Latvian Inga and Norwegian Ingar.


Zigfrīds

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in the end of the 19th century. From German Siegfried, from Old High German sigu (“victory”) + fridu (“peace”).

A respelling of the German male given name Siegfried.


Zigmārs

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in early 20th century. From German Siegmar, from Old High German sigu (“victory”) + māri (“famous”).


Violeta

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in early 20th century. Variant, probably via Italian Violetta, of Viola, from Latin viola (“a violet”).

a female given name, equivalent to English Violet


Vitauts

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in 1901. From Lithuanian Vytautas.


Vitolds

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in 1877. From Polish Witold, copied from the rare German name Witold, from Old High German witu (“wood”) + waltan (“to rule”), but used in Polish as a rendering of Lithuanian Vytautas.

A respelling of the Polish male given name Witold.


Maigonis

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in 1908. From maigs (“gentle”).


particips

particips (nominative singular)
participi (nominative plural)
participa (genitive singular)
participu (genitive plural)
participam (dative singular)
participiem (dative plural)
participu (accusative singular)
participus (accusative plural)
participu (instrumental singular)
participiem (instrumental plural)
participā (locative singular)
participos (locative plural)
particip (singular vocative)
participi (plural vocative)

Via other European languages, ultimately borrowed from Latin participium (“participle”).

participu deklinēšana

(linguistics, grammar) participle (a verb form having both verbal and adjectival or adverbial properties)


paija

paija (nominative singular)
paijas (nominative plural)
paijas (genitive singular)
paiju (genitive plural)
paijai (dative singular)
paijām (dative plural)
paiju (accusative singular)
paijas (accusative plural)
paiju (instrumental singular)
paijām (instrumental plural)
paijā (locative singular)
paijās (locative plural)
paija (singular vocative)
paijas (plural vocative)

bērni ar paijām

saimnieks tur suni kā paiju

the owner holds (= treats) his dog like a toy


selga

selga (nominative singular)
selgas (nominative plural)
selgas (genitive singular)
selgu (genitive plural)
selgai (dative singular)
selgām (dative plural)
selgu (accusative singular)
selgas (accusative plural)
selgu (instrumental singular)
selgām (instrumental plural)
selgā (locative singular)
selgās (locative plural)
selga (singular vocative)
selgas (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Livonian sälga (“back; open sea”); compare cognates in other Baltic-Finnic languages (Finnish selkä (“back, open water”), Estonian selg (“back”), dialectal sälg).

izbraukt selgā

to go to the deep, open sea; to leave the coast

kuģis izbraucis selgā

the ship left the coast (into the open sea)

vējš pūš no selgas

the wind is blowing from seaways, from the open sea

a deep place, far from the coast (of a sea, big lake, river, etc.); the deep sea; the open sea


psiholoģija

psiholoģija (nominative singular)
psiholoģijas (genitive singular)
psiholoģijai (dative singular)
psiholoģiju (accusative singular)
psiholoģiju (instrumental singular)
psiholoģijā (locative singular)
psiholoģija (singular vocative)

Via other European languages, ultimately borrowed from Late Latin psychologia, from Ancient Greek ψυχή (psukhḗ, “soul”) and λόγος (lógos, “word, study”), with the suffix -ia (Latvian -ija).

vispārīgā, darba, sporta psiholoģija

juridiskā, pedagoģiskā, etniskā psiholoģija

sociālā, eksperimentālā, militārā psiholoģija

social, experimental, military psychology

cilvēka, dzīvnieku psiholoģija

personības, attīstības psiholoģija

psiholoģijas priekšmets, metodes

studēt psiholoģiju

psychology (the science of human behavior and the human mind)


zināt

head

zināt (transitive, 3rd conjugation, present zinu, zini, zina, past zināju)

conjugation (third-person)
zinu (present)
zini (present)
zina (present)
zināju (past)
zinu (first-person indicative present singular)
zināju (first-person indicative past singular)
zināšu (first-person future indicative singular)
zini (indicative present second-person singular)
zināji (indicative past second-person singular)
zināsi (future indicative second-person singular)
zini (imperative second-person singular)
zina (indicative present singular third-person)
zināja (indicative past singular third-person)
zinās (future indicative singular third-person)
lai zina (imperative singular third-person)
zinām (first-person indicative plural present)
zinājām (first-person indicative past plural)
zināsim (first-person future indicative plural)
zināsim (first-person imperative plural)
zināt (indicative plural present second-person)
zinājāt (indicative past plural second-person)
zināsiet (future indicative plural second-person)
zināsit (future indicative plural second-person)
ziniet (imperative plural second-person)
zina (indicative plural present third-person)
zināja (indicative past plural third-person)
zinās (future indicative plural third-person)
lai zina (imperative plural third-person)
zinot (present renarrative)
zinošs (active adjectival participle participle-1 present)
esot zinājis (past renarrative)
zinādams (active adverbial participle participle-2 present)
zināšot (future renarrative)
zinot (active adverbial participle participle-3 present)
lai zinot (imperative)
zinām (active participle participle-4 present)
zinājis (active participle past)
zinātu (conditional present)
zināms (participle passive present)
būtu zinājis (conditional past)
zināts (participle passive past)
jāzina (debitive indicative)
būt jāzina (debitive indicative)
zināt (infinitive)
esot jāzina (conjunctive conjunctive-1 debitive)
nezināt (infinitive negative)
jāzinot (conjunctive conjunctive-2 debitive)
zināšana (noun-from-verb)

Originally the iterative-durative form of zīt (“to know”), currently dialectal or archaic, but with prefixed forms pazīt (“to be acquainted with”), atzīt (“to recognize, to acknowledge”) still in use, from Proto-Baltic *žin-tey/ti, from the zero grade *ǵn̥-tey of Proto-Indo-European root *ǵen-, *ǵnō-, *ǵneh₃- (“to be familiar with, to recognize; to know”). This stem may ultimately be the same as *ǵen-, *ǵenh₁- (“to create, to generate”). Cognates include Lithuanian žinóti, Old Prussian -sinnat [zināt] (ersinnat (“to be acquainted”), posinnat (“to admit, to recognize”)), Old Church Slavonic знати (znati), Russian знать (znatʹ), Belarusian знаць (znacʹ), Ukrainian зна́ти (znáty), Bulgarian зна́я (znája), Czech znát, Polish znać, Gothic 𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽 (kunnan), Old Norse kunna, German können, English can, Sanskrit जानाति (jānā́ti, “to know”), Ancient Greek γιγνώσκω (gignṓskō, “to be familiar with, to recognize”), Latin nōscere (< *gnōskere).

cog

zināt savus trūkumus

zināt, kā rīkoties

dari, kā zini!

zināt padomu grūtās situācijās

to know (some) advice in (= for) a difficult situation

viņš gluži labi zināja, kā viņš nesapņoja

he knew quite well that he wasn't dreaming

milzis vairs nezināja, kur likt savas lielās rokas

the giant no longer knew where to put his big hands

to know, to understand, to have (something) clear in one's mind


jena

jena (nominative singular)
jenas (nominative plural)
jenas (genitive singular)
jenu (genitive plural)
jenai (dative singular)
jenām (dative plural)
jenu (accusative singular)
jenas (accusative plural)
jenu (instrumental singular)
jenām (instrumental plural)
jenā (locative singular)
jenās (locative plural)
jena (singular vocative)
jenas (plural vocative)

piecas jenas

papīra jena

jenas kurss

grāmata maksā piecas jenas


okeāns

okeāns (nominative singular)
okeāni (nominative plural)
okeāna (genitive singular)
okeānu (genitive plural)
okeānam (dative singular)
okeāniem (dative plural)
okeānu (accusative singular)
okeānus (accusative plural)
okeānu (instrumental singular)
okeāniem (instrumental plural)
okeānā (locative singular)
okeānos (locative plural)
okeān (singular vocative)
okeāni (plural vocative)

Via other European languages, ultimately borrowed from Latin Ōceanus, itself a borrowing from Ancient Greek Ὠκεανός (Ōkeanós, “Oceanus”), a water deity.

uder

Atlantijas okeāns

Klusais okeāns

Ziemeļu Ledus okeāns

okeāna straumes

okeāna kuģis, tvaikonis

nedēļām ilgi kuģis brauca pa Indijas okeāna skumjajiem klajumiem

for weeks the ship sailed through the sad plains of the Indic Ocean

ocean (one of the largest natural masses of water, situated between continents)


mēnesis

mēnesis (nominative singular)
mēneši (nominative plural)
mēneša (genitive singular)
mēnešu (genitive plural)
mēnesim (dative singular)
mēnešiem (dative plural)
mēnesi (accusative singular)
mēnešus (accusative plural)
mēnesi (instrumental singular)
mēnešiem (instrumental plural)
mēnesī (locative singular)
mēnešos (locative plural)
mēnesi (singular vocative)
mēneši (plural vocative)

From Proto-Indo-European *mḗh₁n̥s (“moon, month”), from *meh₁- (“to measure”).
Cognates include Lithuanian mėnuo (“month, moon”), Old Church Slavonic мѣсѧць (měsęcĭ, “moon, month”) (whence Russian ме́сяц (mésjac), Polish miesiąc, Czech měsíc), Sanskrit मास (māsa), Persian ماه (mâh), Old Armenian ամիս (amis), Ancient Greek μήν (mḗn, “moon”), Latin mēnsis (“month”) (whence Spanish mes, Italian mese, French mois), Proto-Celtic *mīns (whence Irish mí, Welsh mis), and Proto-Germanic *mēnōþs (“month”) (Old English mōnaþ, English month, German Monat, Dutch maand, Swedish månad).

cog

lapu mēnesissējas mēnesisziedoņa mēnesis

sveču mēnesismeteņu mēnesisputeņu mēnesissala mēnesis

zemliku mēnesisrudens mēnesisveļu mēnesis

paveikt darbu divos mēnešos

pēc mēneša

sapulce notiek reizi mēnesī

month (a period of approximately 30 days)


valsts

valsts (nominative singular)
valstis (nominative plural)
valsts (genitive singular)
valstu (genitive plural)
valstij (dative singular)
valstīm (dative plural)
valsti (accusative singular)
valstis (accusative plural)
valsti (instrumental singular)
valstīm (instrumental plural)
valstī (locative singular)
valstīs (locative plural)
valsts (singular vocative)
valstis (plural vocative)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *walˀstís, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂wolh₁dʰh₁-ti-s, from *h₂welh₁dʰh₁-, from *h₂welh₁- (“to rule”). Morphologically from valdīt (“to reign, to rule”) (*vald-tis > *valstis > valsts; compare dialectal form valdzs).
The original meaning was “power, domination”; by the 18th century, this had been changed to “parish, fief, administrative district”, with significant geographic variation well into the 19th century. Only in the 20th century did the current meaning become stable. Cognates include Lithuanian val̃sčius (“district, parish, township”) (< *vald-tius, dialectal val̃stis), valstýbė (“country, state”), Proto-Slavic *volstь (“possession”) from *volsti (“to reign, to rule”).

augu valsts

dzīvnieku valsts

(taxonomy) kingdom (one of the highest divisions in the classification of living beings)


zibens

lv-noun

zibens m (2nd declension, irregular nominative, genitive)

zibens (nominative singular)
zibeņi (nominative plural)
zibens (genitive singular)
zibeņu (genitive plural)
zibenim (dative singular)
zibeņiem (dative plural)
zibeni (accusative singular)
zibeņus (accusative plural)
zibeni (instrumental singular)
zibeņiem (instrumental plural)
zibenī (locative singular)
zibeņos (locative plural)
zibeni (singular vocative)
zibeņi (plural vocative)

Compare Lithuanian žaibas, and see Lithuanian žibėti for more.

šautras zibens

lodes, lodveida, bumbveida zibens

spožs zibens

mākslīgais zibens

zibens gaisma

zibens spēriens

zibens ātrumā

lightning (discharge of atmospheric electricity with a visible flash of light)


valūta

valūta (nominative singular)
valūtas (nominative plural)
valūtas (genitive singular)
valūtu (genitive plural)
valūtai (dative singular)
valūtām (dative plural)
valūtu (accusative singular)
valūtas (accusative plural)
valūtu (instrumental singular)
valūtām (instrumental plural)
valūtā (locative singular)
valūtās (locative plural)
valūta (singular vocative)
valūtas (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Italian valuta (“currency”), probably via Russian валю́та (valjúta, “currency”).

stabila valūta

konvertējama valūta

pelnīt valūtu

to receive, earn currency (= foreign cash)

valūtas kurss

Igaunija sāka gatavoties nacionālās valūtas ieviešanai

Estonia began to prepare for the introduction of (its) national currency

currency (a specific, usually foreign, country's official money)


akls

head

akls (definite aklais, comparative aklāks, superlative visaklākais, adverb akli)

aklais (definite)
aklāks (comparative)
visaklākais (superlative)
akli (adverb)
akls (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
akli (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
akla (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
aklas (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
akla (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
aklu (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
aklas (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
aklu (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
aklam (dative indefinite masculine singular)
akliem (dative indefinite masculine plural)
aklai (dative feminine indefinite singular)
aklām (dative feminine indefinite plural)
aklu (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
aklus (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
aklu (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
aklas (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
aklu (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
akliem (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
aklu (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
aklām (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
aklā (indefinite locative masculine singular)
aklos (indefinite locative masculine plural)
aklā (feminine indefinite locative singular)
aklās (feminine indefinite locative plural)

From the same stem (Proto-Baltic *ak-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ekʷ- (“eye, to see”)) as the earlier verb akt (cf. Lithuanian àkti (“to have eyes, to begin to see”); for some young animal offspring, also “to stop seeing”), from which it is an adjectival form with an extra l. Note the apparently strange polysemy “begin to see” vs. “stop seeing” in the Lithuanian cognate, probably already present in Proto-Baltic; the semantic connection is probably “having eyes” > “having something on one's eyes” > “having eye problems” > “becoming blind.” Cognates include Lithuanian ãklas.

cog

akalis lidojums

aklā lidmašīnas nolaišanās

aklā metode mašīnrakstīšanā

the blind method in typing (i.e., without looking at the keyboard)

blind (done without looking; done only via instruments)


Vjačeslavs

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in early 20th century. From Russian Вячесла́в (Vjačesláv). Related to English Wenceslaus.

Вячесла́в Вячеслав#Russian

A transliteration of the Russian male given name Вячесла́в (Vjačesláv).


maisiņš

maisiņš (nominative singular)
maisiņi (nominative plural)
maisiņa (genitive singular)
maisiņu (genitive plural)
maisiņam (dative singular)
maisiņiem (dative plural)
maisiņu (accusative singular)
maisiņus (accusative plural)
maisiņu (instrumental singular)
maisiņiem (instrumental plural)
maisiņā (locative singular)
maisiņos (locative plural)
maisiņ (singular vocative)
maisiņi (plural vocative)


sēklinieku maisiņš

sēklinieku maisiņš (nominative singular)
sēklinieku maisiņi (nominative plural)
sēklinieku maisiņa (genitive singular)
sēklinieku maisiņu (genitive plural)
sēklinieku maisiņam (dative singular)
sēklinieku maisiņiem (dative plural)
sēklinieku maisiņu (accusative singular)
sēklinieku maisiņus (accusative plural)
sēklinieku maisiņu (instrumental singular)
sēklinieku maisiņiem (instrumental plural)
sēklinieku maisiņā (locative singular)
sēklinieku maisiņos (locative plural)
sēklinieku maisiņ (singular vocative)
sēklinieku maisiņi (plural vocative)


pipele

pipele (nominative singular)
pipeles (nominative plural)
pipeles (genitive singular)
pipeļu (genitive plural)
pipelei (dative singular)
pipelēm (dative plural)
pipeli (accusative singular)
pipeles (accusative plural)
pipeli (instrumental singular)
pipelēm (instrumental plural)
pipelē (locative singular)
pipelēs (locative plural)
pipele (singular vocative)
pipeles (plural vocative)

sūkā manu pipeli, pediņ

(anatomy) (vulgar slang) penis; dick, cock, prick


pimpis

pimpis (nominative singular)
pimpji (nominative plural)
pimpja (genitive singular)
pimpju (genitive plural)
pimpim (dative singular)
pimpjiem (dative plural)
pimpi (accusative singular)
pimpjus (accusative plural)
pimpi (instrumental singular)
pimpjiem (instrumental plural)
pimpī (locative singular)
pimpjos (locative plural)
pimpi (singular vocative)
pimpji (plural vocative)

(anatomy) (vulgar, slang) penis; dick, cock, prick


pediņš

pediņš (nominative singular)
pediņi (nominative plural)
pediņa (genitive singular)
pediņu (genitive plural)
pediņam (dative singular)
pediņiem (dative plural)
pediņu (accusative singular)
pediņus (accusative plural)
pediņu (instrumental singular)
pediņiem (instrumental plural)
pediņā (locative singular)
pediņos (locative plural)
pediņ (singular vocative)
pediņi (plural vocative)

sūkā manu pipeli, pediņ


sēkla

sēkla (nominative singular)
sēklas (nominative plural)
sēklas (genitive singular)
sēklu (genitive plural)
sēklai (dative singular)
sēklām (dative plural)
sēklu (accusative singular)
sēklas (accusative plural)
sēklu (instrumental singular)
sēklām (instrumental plural)
sēklā (locative singular)
sēklās (locative plural)
sēkla (singular vocative)
sēklas (plural vocative)

Common Baltic, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *sh₂éytlom (“lifetime, lifespan”). Compare to Lithuanian sėkla.


ejakulācija

ejakulācija (nominative singular)
ejakulācijas (nominative plural)
ejakulācijas (genitive singular)
ejakulāciju (genitive plural)
ejakulācijai (dative singular)
ejakulācijām (dative plural)
ejakulāciju (accusative singular)
ejakulācijas (accusative plural)
ejakulāciju (instrumental singular)
ejakulācijām (instrumental plural)
ejakulācijā (locative singular)
ejakulācijās (locative plural)
ejakulācija (singular vocative)
ejakulācijas (plural vocative)

Via other European languages, ultimately borrowed from Latin ēiaculātiō (“shooting or gushing forth”), made into a 4th declension feminine noun ( + -ija).

bor

ejakulācijai ir liela nozīme apaugļošanās procesā

ejaculation plays an important role in the process of fertilization

ejaculation (forcible ejection of semen from the urethra, usually accompanied by orgasm)


homiķis

homiķis (nominative singular)
homiķi (nominative plural)
homiķa (genitive singular)
homiķu (genitive plural)
homiķim (dative singular)
homiķiem (dative plural)
homiķi (accusative singular)
homiķus (accusative plural)
homiķi (instrumental singular)
homiķiem (instrumental plural)
homiķī (locative singular)
homiķos (locative plural)
homiķi (singular vocative)
homiķi (plural vocative)

From homo-, used to mean homosexuality. The ending -(i)ķis may be some kind of diminutive (compare Russian гомик (gomik)).


homoseksuālisms

homoseksuālisms (nominative singular)
homoseksuālisma (genitive singular)
homoseksuālismam (dative singular)
homoseksuālismu (accusative singular)
homoseksuālismu (instrumental singular)
homoseksuālismā (locative singular)
homoseksuālism (singular vocative)

From homoseksuāls + -isms (with homoseksuāls from homo- + seksuāls, with seksuāls from sekss (“sex”) + -āls). Probably not derived as such in Latvian, but borrowed and adapted from other European languages.


pēcpuse

pēcpuse (nominative singular)
pēcpuses (nominative plural)
pēcpuses (genitive singular)
pēcpušu (genitive plural)
pēcpusei (dative singular)
pēcpusēm (dative plural)
pēcpusi (accusative singular)
pēcpuses (accusative plural)
pēcpusi (instrumental singular)
pēcpusēm (instrumental plural)
pēcpusē (locative singular)
pēcpusēs (locative plural)
pēcpuse (singular vocative)
pēcpuses (plural vocative)

(anatomy) (slang, vulgar) tail, ass, butt


sēklinieks

sēklinieks (nominative singular)
sēklinieki (nominative plural)
sēklinieka (genitive singular)
sēklinieku (genitive plural)
sēkliniekam (dative singular)
sēkliniekiem (dative plural)
sēklinieku (accusative singular)
sēkliniekus (accusative plural)
sēklinieku (instrumental singular)
sēkliniekiem (instrumental plural)
sēkliniekā (locative singular)
sēkliniekos (locative plural)
sēkliniek (singular vocative)
sēklinieki (plural vocative)

(agriculture) plant, fruit cultivated for its seeds


tūplis

tūplis (nominative singular)
tūpļi (nominative plural)
tūpļa (genitive singular)
tūpļu (genitive plural)
tūplim (dative singular)
tūpļiem (dative plural)
tūpli (accusative singular)
tūpļus (accusative plural)
tūpli (instrumental singular)
tūpļiem (instrumental plural)
tūplī (locative singular)
tūpļos (locative plural)
tūpli (singular vocative)
tūpļi (plural vocative)


gards

head

gards (definite gardais, comparative gardāks, superlative visgardākais, adverb gardi)

gardais (definite)
gardāks (comparative)
visgardākais (superlative)
gardi (adverb)
gards (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
gardi (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
garda (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
gardas (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
garda (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
gardu (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
gardas (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
gardu (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
gardam (dative indefinite masculine singular)
gardiem (dative indefinite masculine plural)
gardai (dative feminine indefinite singular)
gardām (dative feminine indefinite plural)
gardu (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
gardus (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
gardu (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
gardas (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
gardu (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
gardiem (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
gardu (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
gardām (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
gardā (indefinite locative masculine singular)
gardos (indefinite locative masculine plural)
gardā (feminine indefinite locative singular)
gardās (feminine indefinite locative plural)

From an old verb *gart (“to heat, to grow hot”), from the same stem as garša (“taste”) and gars (“spirit; vapor, steam”) (q.v.), all from Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰer-, with an extra suffix -d.
The original meaning was presumably “heated” (e.g., cooked on a fire) > “prepared, ready” > “tasty.”

gards ēdiens

gardas ogas

gards siers

gardas pusdienas

tasty, delicious (having pleasant taste)


krusts

krusts (nominative singular)
krusti (nominative plural)
krusta (genitive singular)
krustu (genitive plural)
krustam (dative singular)
krustiem (dative plural)
krustu (accusative singular)
krustus (accusative plural)
krustu (instrumental singular)
krustiem (instrumental plural)
krustā (locative singular)
krustos (locative plural)
krust (singular vocative)
krusti (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Old East Slavic крьстъ (krĭstŭ) (compare Russian крест (krest)) (from Old High German Christ (“Christ”)), which regularly yielded Latvian dialectal krists. The u of the standard Latvian form krusts, however, is not obviously explainable. There are several theories: contamination of Latin crux (“cross”) and Christus (words that Latvians would often hear in Latin in church), influence of Old East Slavic *кръстъ (*krŭstŭ), an earlier borrowing from Old Norse kross (with an open o which old Baltic dialects would have borrowed as u); or perhaps no borrowing (krusts might come from an old Proto-Indo-European word cognate with Latin crux).

mirt pie krusta

nāve pie krusta

(historical, Ancient Rome) cross (wooden post with attached beam used to execute criminals by crucifixion)

koka, marmora, zelta krusts

kapa krusts

apzīmēt ar krustu, ar krusta zīmi

(pār)mest, (aiz)mest krustu

to make (lit. throw) the sign of the cross

(Christianity) cross (main symbol of the Christian religion, in the shape of the instrument used to execute Jesus)

krusta astotnieks

(card games) clubs (one of the four suits of playing cards, marked with the symbol ♣)


bēdīgs

bēdīgs (definite bēdīgais, comparative bēdīgāks, superlative visbēdīgākais, adverb bēdīgi)

bēdīgais (definite)
bēdīgāks (comparative)
visbēdīgākais (superlative)
bēdīgi (adverb)
bēdīgs (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
bēdīgi (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
bēdīga (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
bēdīgas (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
bēdīga (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
bēdīgu (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
bēdīgas (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
bēdīgu (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
bēdīgam (dative indefinite masculine singular)
bēdīgiem (dative indefinite masculine plural)
bēdīgai (dative feminine indefinite singular)
bēdīgām (dative feminine indefinite plural)
bēdīgu (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
bēdīgus (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
bēdīgu (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
bēdīgas (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
bēdīgu (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
bēdīgiem (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
bēdīgu (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
bēdīgām (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
bēdīgā (indefinite locative masculine singular)
bēdīgos (indefinite locative masculine plural)
bēdīgā (feminine indefinite locative singular)
bēdīgās (feminine indefinite locative plural)

bēdīgs stāvoklis, liktenis

bēdīga patiecība

bēdīgas izredzes

bēdīgas vēstis

bēdīga pēcpusdiena

sad (associated with something bad (e.g., unhappiness, misfortune, loss); which causes sorrow; bad, unhappy, unpleasant)


faraons

faraons (nominative singular)
faraoni (nominative plural)
faraona (genitive singular)
faraonu (genitive plural)
faraonam (dative singular)
faraoniem (dative plural)
faraonu (accusative singular)
faraonus (accusative plural)
faraonu (instrumental singular)
faraoniem (instrumental plural)
faraonā (locative singular)
faraonos (locative plural)
faraon (singular vocative)
faraoni (plural vocative)

Via other European languages, ultimately borrowed from Ancient Greek Φαραώ (Pharaṓ), from Hebrew פַּרְעֹה (par‘ōh), from Egyptian pr-ꜥꜣ (“palace, pharaoh”, literally “pr (“house”) + ꜥꜣ (“great, big”)”).

der

pharaoh (a supreme ruler in Ancient Egypt)


maksts

maksts (nominative singular)
makstis (nominative plural)
maksts (genitive singular)
makstu (genitive plural)
makstij (dative singular)
makstīm (dative plural)
maksti (accusative singular)
makstis (accusative plural)
maksti (instrumental singular)
makstīm (instrumental plural)
makstī (locative singular)
makstīs (locative plural)
maksts (singular vocative)
makstis (plural vocative)

From the same stem as maks (“purse, pouch”) (q.v.): Proto-Indo-European *mak- (“(skin) bag, sack”), with an extra suffix -t. Cognates include Lithuanian makštìs.

uder

maksts gļotāda

maksts fizioloģija

(anatomy) vagina, vulva (a woman's external sexual organs)


anālā atvere

anālā atvere (nominative singular)
anālās atveres (nominative plural)
anālās atveres (genitive singular)
anālo atveru (genitive plural)
anālajai atverei (dative singular)
anālajām atverēm (dative plural)
anālo atveri (accusative singular)
anālās atveres (accusative plural)
anālo atveri (instrumental singular)
anālajām atverēm (instrumental plural)
anālajā atverē (locative singular)
anālajās atverēs (locative plural)
anālo atvere (singular vocative)
anālā atvere (singular vocative)
anālās atveres (plural vocative)

anālā atvere ir taisnās zarnas beigu daļa

the anal orifice is the final part of the rectum

zivīm, abiniekiem, rāpuļiem un putniem anālo atveri dēvē par kloāku

the anal orifice of fish, amphibians, reptiles and birds is called cloaca


dejot

head

dejot (transitive or intransitive, 2nd conjugation, present dejoju, dejo, dejo, past dejoju)

conjugation (second-person)
dejoju (present)
dejo (present)
dejoju (past)
dejoju (first-person indicative present singular)
dejoju (first-person indicative past singular)
dejošu (first-person future indicative singular)
dejo (indicative present second-person singular)
dejoji (indicative past second-person singular)
dejosi (future indicative second-person singular)
dejo (imperative second-person singular)
dejo (indicative present singular third-person)
dejoja (indicative past singular third-person)
dejos (future indicative singular third-person)
lai dejo (imperative singular third-person)
dejojam (first-person indicative plural present)
dejojām (first-person indicative past plural)
dejosim (first-person future indicative plural)
dejosim (first-person imperative plural)
dejojat (indicative plural present second-person)
dejojāt (indicative past plural second-person)
dejosiet (future indicative plural second-person)
dejosit (future indicative plural second-person)
dejojiet (imperative plural second-person)
dejo (indicative plural present third-person)
dejoja (indicative past plural third-person)
dejos (future indicative plural third-person)
lai dejo (imperative plural third-person)
dejojot (present renarrative)
dejojošs (active adjectival participle participle-1 present)
esot dejojis (past renarrative)
dejodams (active adverbial participle participle-2 present)
dejošot (future renarrative)
dejojot (active adverbial participle participle-3 present)
lai dejojot (imperative)
dejojam (active participle participle-4 present)
dejojis (active participle past)
dejotu (conditional present)
dejojams (participle passive present)
būtu dejojis (conditional past)
dejots (participle passive past)
jādejo (debitive indicative)
būt jādejo (debitive indicative)
dejot (infinitive)
esot jādejo (conjunctive conjunctive-1 debitive)
nedejot (infinitive negative)
jādejojot (conjunctive conjunctive-2 debitive)
dejošana (noun-from-verb)

Originally the iterative counterpart of diet (“to dance”), present stem dej- (q.v.).

viņa dejos Odetu un Odīliju P. Čaikovska baletā “Gulbju ezers”

she will play (lit. dance) Odeta and Odīlija in P. Čaikovskis' ballet “Swan Lake”


stulms

stulms (nominative singular)
stulmi (nominative plural)
stulma (genitive singular)
stulmu (genitive plural)
stulmam (dative singular)
stulmiem (dative plural)
stulmu (accusative singular)
stulmus (accusative plural)
stulmu (instrumental singular)
stulmiem (instrumental plural)
stulmā (locative singular)
stulmos (locative plural)
stulm (singular vocative)
stulmi (plural vocative)

From Proto-Baltic *stulm-, from Proto-Indo-European *stl̥m, from the zero grade form of *stel- (“to put in standing position; to stand; standing, immobile, stiff”) with an extra element -m. Cognates include Swedish stolm (“stubble”).

stulmu zābaki

sabāzt bikšu galus stulmos

stuff the ends of one's pants into one's boot legs

top of a boot, the part that covers the shin up to the knees; boot leg


filozofe

lv-noun

filozofe f (5th declension, masculine form: filozofs)

filozofs (masculine)
filozofe (nominative singular)
filozofes (nominative plural)
filozofes (genitive singular)
filozofu (genitive plural)
filozofei (dative singular)
filozofēm (dative plural)
filozofi (accusative singular)
filozofes (accusative plural)
filozofi (instrumental singular)
filozofēm (instrumental plural)
filozofē (locative singular)
filozofēs (locative plural)
filozofe (singular vocative)
filozofes (plural vocative)

From filozofs (“philosopher”) + -e (“fem.”).

(female) philosopher (a specialist in philosophy; a person who enjoys thinking about fundamental questions))


bumba

bumba (nominative singular)
bumbas (nominative plural)
bumbas (genitive singular)
bumbu (genitive plural)
bumbai (dative singular)
bumbām (dative plural)
bumbu (accusative singular)
bumbas (accusative plural)
bumbu (instrumental singular)
bumbām (instrumental plural)
bumbā (locative singular)
bumbās (locative plural)
bumba (singular vocative)
bumbas (plural vocative)

gumijas, ādas bumba

futbola, basketbola, volejbola bumba

tenisa bumba

piesūknēt bumbu

rotaļāties ar bumbu

mest bumbu

bumba atlec no zemes

apaļs kā bumba

(sports) ball (globe of flexible material, for playing, for sports, for gymnastics)

fugasa bumba

šķembu bumba

bumba ar laika degli

ķīmiskā bumba

ūdeņraža bumba

mest bumbas

kā bumbas sprādziens

like a bomb exploding (= sudden, unexpected)

(weaponry) bomb (metal shell filled with explosives)


tablete

tablete (nominative singular)
tabletes (nominative plural)
tabletes (genitive singular)
tablešu (genitive plural)
tabletei (dative singular)
tabletēm (dative plural)
tableti (accusative singular)
tabletes (accusative plural)
tableti (instrumental singular)
tabletēm (instrumental plural)
tabletē (locative singular)
tabletēs (locative plural)
tablete (singular vocative)
tabletes (plural vocative)


laiks

laiks (nominative singular)
laiki (nominative plural)
laika (genitive singular)
laiku (genitive plural)
laikam (dative singular)
laikiem (dative plural)
laiku (accusative singular)
laikus (accusative plural)
laiku (instrumental singular)
laikiem (instrumental plural)
laikā (locative singular)
laikos (locative plural)
laik (singular vocative)
laiki (plural vocative)


kakls

kakls (nominative singular)
kakli (nominative plural)
kakla (genitive singular)
kaklu (genitive plural)
kaklam (dative singular)
kakliem (dative plural)
kaklu (accusative singular)
kaklus (accusative plural)
kaklu (instrumental singular)
kakliem (instrumental plural)
kaklā (locative singular)
kaklos (locative plural)
kakls (singular vocative)
kakli (plural vocative)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *kaklas, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷokʷlo-s (a variant of *kʷékʷlos (“circle, wheel”)), a reduplicated form of *kʷel- (“to turn; to move”) (whence also celis (“knee”), q.v.). Cognates include Lithuanian kãklas, Proto-Germanic *halsaz (Gothic 𐌷𐌰𐌻𐍃 (hals), German Hals).

tievs, garš, īss kakls

zoss kakls

kakla skriemeļi

izstiept kaklu

aptīt šalli ap kaklu


pagrabs

pagrabs (nominative singular)
pagrabi (nominative plural)
pagraba (genitive singular)
pagrabu (genitive plural)
pagrabam (dative singular)
pagrabiem (dative plural)
pagrabu (accusative singular)
pagrabus (accusative plural)
pagrabu (instrumental singular)
pagrabiem (instrumental plural)
pagrabā (locative singular)
pagrabos (locative plural)
pagrab (singular vocative)
pagrabi (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Old East Slavic погробъ (pogrobŭ, “pit with a cover on top”) (cf. Russian по́греб (pógreb, “cellar, warehouse”)), itself derived from погребати (pogrebati, “to rake, to dig”). Given its form, this word must have been borrowed before the 13th century, though it is first mentioned only in 17th-century Latvian dictionaries.

cog

pagraba dzīvoklis

pagraba logs

kartupeļu, dārzeņu pagrabs

vīna pagrabs

cellar, basement (underground floor or space under a building)


meita

meita (nominative singular)
meitas (nominative plural)
meitas (genitive singular)
meitu (genitive plural)
meitai (dative singular)
meitām (dative plural)
meitu (accusative singular)
meitas (accusative plural)
meitu (instrumental singular)
meitām (instrumental plural)
meitā (locative singular)
meitās (locative plural)
meit (singular vocative)
meitas (plural vocative)

Traditionally, this word is considered borrowed from Middle Low German meid (“female servant”) (or from Middle High German meyt, meyde, or Middle Dutch meit), which replaced an older Proto-Indo-European word, probably *dukte, cognate with Lithuanian duktė̃, Old Prussian duckti, Russian дочь (doč’), German Tochter, English daughter (< Proto-Indo-European *dʰugh₂tḗr). It has, however, been pointed out that (a) the meaning “daughter” is older (“servant” is attested only from the 19th century), which is the opposite of what should happen if it were a borrowing from Germanic; (b) the broken intonation is not usual in borrowings from Germanic; and (c) the presumed original word *dukte has left no trace in place names, dialectal forms, etc. On account of that, some researchers believe that meita is not a borrowing, but actually the original word for “daughter” in Latvian, i.e. Latvian did not derive “daughter” from Proto-Indo-European *dʰugh₂tḗr (like Latin, which has fīlia). A possible source would be Proto-Indo-European *mēy- (“soft, tender, dear”), with an extra t; meita would have originally been the feminine form of the resulting adjective *meits (“tender, dear, loved”). Another possibility would be the same stem as mīt (“to change”): the original meaning would have been “changing (status, via marriage)” > “young woman about to get married” > “unmarried young woman; daughter.”

der

māte un meita

vecākā, jaunākā meita

vienīgā meita

māsas meita

mātei bija divi dēli un trīs meitas

the mother had two sons and three daughters

onkulim ir meita, agronome Kurzemē

uncle has a daughter, an agronomist in Courland

daughter (a female child, with respect to her parents)

muižas meita

vasaras meita

istabas meita

saimniece pie tā paša brauciena gribēja apraudzīties un apklausīties pēc jaunas meitas

the lady wanted, in the same trip, to come see and hear the new servants


ārsts

lv-noun

ārsts m (1st declension, feminine form: ārste)

ārste (feminine)
ārsts (nominative singular)
ārsti (nominative plural)
ārsta (genitive singular)
ārstu (genitive plural)
ārstam (dative singular)
ārstiem (dative plural)
ārstu (accusative singular)
ārstus (accusative plural)
ārstu (instrumental singular)
ārstiem (instrumental plural)
ārstā (locative singular)
ārstos (locative plural)
ārst (singular vocative)
ārsti (plural vocative)

First mentioned in 16th-century translations, borrowed from Middle High German arste or Middle Dutch aerste, both derived from Vulgar Latin archiāter, from Ancient Greek ἀρχιατρός (arkhiatrós, “chief physician”).

uder

griezties pie ārsta

ārsts terapeits

bērnu ārsts

slimnīcas galvenais ārsts

ārsta palīdzība

ārsta konsultācija

(male) doctor, physician (a specialist with a medical education who treats patients)


tēvs

tēvs (nominative singular)
tēvi (nominative plural)
tēva (genitive singular)
tēvu (genitive plural)
tēvam (dative singular)
tēviem (dative plural)
tēvu (accusative singular)
tēvus (accusative plural)
tēvu (instrumental singular)
tēviem (instrumental plural)
tēvā (locative singular)
tēvos (locative plural)
tēvs (singular vocative)
tēvi (plural vocative)

From Proto-Baltic *tewas ("father"), from Proto-Indo-European *te- (“father”), a stem found in reduplicated form in tētis (“father”) (q.v.). The epenthetic v arose to break the e-a sequence. Cognates include Lithuanian tėvas, Old Prussian tāws, towis (“father”), thewis (“father's brother”).

Mūsu Tēvs, Tēvs Mūsu

debesu tēvs

Dievs Tēvs! Dievs Kungs!

oh God! oh Lord! (expressions of surprise or fear)

(Christianity) God the Father (God seen as the creator of the universe)

svētais tēvs

garīgais tēvs

spiritual father (preacher, priest, etc.)

baznīcas tēvi

the fathers of the church (who formed the church's doctrive from the 2nd to the 8th century)

pareizticīgo garīdznieks tēvs Andrejs, vēršoties pie krieviem, lūdza atbalstīt latviešus viņu cīņā par neatkarību

the Orthodox priest Father Andrejs, turning to the Russians, asked (them) to support the Latvians in their struggle for independence

(Christianity) Father (used to address or to speak about members of the Catholic or Orthodox clergy: priests, monks, etc.)


dēls

dēls (nominative singular)
dēli (nominative plural)
dēla (genitive singular)
dēlu (genitive plural)
dēlam (dative singular)
dēliem (dative plural)
dēlu (accusative singular)
dēlus (accusative plural)
dēlu (instrumental singular)
dēliem (instrumental plural)
dēlā (locative singular)
dēlos (locative plural)
dēls (singular vocative)
dēli (plural vocative)

From Proto-Baltic *dē-, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰē-, *dʰeh₁(y)- (“to suckle, to nurse”) (whence also Latvian dēle (“leech”), q.v.); the original meaning was thus “one to nurse,” “suckling one,” “baby” (cf. Latin fellāre (“to nurse”), filius (“son”) < *fēlios < *dʰeh₁(y)-li-os). Cognates include Proto-Slavic *dětę (Russian дети (deti, “children”)), Albanian djalë (“boy, son”). The term dēls replaced an earlier *sūn(u)s, the original Indo-European word for “son” (cf. Lithuanian sūnùs, English son, Russian сын (syn)). This is usually explained as the result of taboo: the ‘real’ word for “son” was avoided so as not to attract the attention of evil spirits. Note that the languages that lack a reflex of this original word (Latin, Celtic, Latvian, Albanian) also lack the corresponding word for “daughter” (cf. Lithuanian duktė̃, Russian дочь (dočʹ), German Tochter); this suggests that there may have been dialectal differences in Proto-Indo-European concerning words for children.

Latvijas zemes dēls

a son of the land of Latvia (= a Latvian)

dažādu tautu dēli un meitas

the sons and daughters of various nations

(poetic) son (a member of a people, group, etc.)


skolotāja

lv-noun

skolotāja f (4th declension, masculine form: skolotājs)

skolotājs (masculine)
skolotāja (nominative singular)
skolotājas (nominative plural)
skolotājas (genitive singular)
skolotāju (genitive plural)
skolotājai (dative singular)
skolotājām (dative plural)
skolotāju (accusative singular)
skolotājas (accusative plural)
skolotāju (instrumental singular)
skolotājām (instrumental plural)
skolotājā (locative singular)
skolotājās (locative plural)
skolotāja (singular vocative)
skolotājas (plural vocative)

From skolot (“to instruct”) + -āja, or skolotājs (“teacher”) + -a (“fem.”).

bērnudārza skolotāja

bioloģijas skolotāja

kāpēc tava skolotāja ir pati labākā?

why is your (female) teacher the best of all?

(female) teacher (woman who teaches schoolchildren at a school)


uzbeks

uzbeks m (1st declension, feminine form: uzbekiete)

uzbekiete (feminine)
uzbeks (nominative singular)
uzbeki (nominative plural)
uzbeka (genitive singular)
uzbeku (genitive plural)
uzbekam (dative singular)
uzbekiem (dative plural)
uzbeku (accusative singular)
uzbekus (accusative plural)
uzbeku (instrumental singular)
uzbekiem (instrumental plural)
uzbekā (locative singular)
uzbekos (locative plural)
uzbek (singular vocative)
uzbeki (plural vocative)

Via other European languages, ultimately borrowed from Uzbek oʻzbek, of uncertain origin; possibly from Turkic, compare Turkish uz (“self”), Sogdian [Term?] (/bek/, “master”).

vecais uzbeks

uzbeks iesūdz tiesā Zviedrijas tirdzniecības centru

an Uzbek (man) sues a Swedish shopping center

uzbeki mīl svinēt svētkus un prot to darīt no sirds

the Uzbeks love to celebrate holidays and know how to do it from the heart (= with enthusiasm)

a (male) Uzbek, a man from Uzbekistan or of Uzbek descent

uzbeku valoda

uzbeku literatūra

uzbeku virtuve

Latvijas uzbeku kultūras biedrība

(genitive plural) Uzbek, pertaining to Uzbekistan and its people


jumts

jumts (nominative singular)
jumti (nominative plural)
jumta (genitive singular)
jumtu (genitive plural)
jumtam (dative singular)
jumtiem (dative plural)
jumtu (accusative singular)
jumtus (accusative plural)
jumtu (instrumental singular)
jumtiem (instrumental plural)
jumtā (locative singular)
jumtos (locative plural)
jumt (singular vocative)
jumti (plural vocative)

Originally the past participle of the verb jumt (“to cover a roof; to thatch”), from Proto-Baltic *jumt, from Proto-Indo-European *yew-, *yū- (“to bind, to tie”), with an extra m. Primitive houses were covered by tied, interwoven sticks on which rested a mud covering. Cognates include Proto-Slavic *jǫtъ (“roof”) (cf. Russian прию́т (prijút, “shelter, retreat”)).

cog

skārda jumts

šīfera jumts

ruberoīda jumts

kārniņu jumts

niedru jumts

slīps jumts

jumta skārds

jumta pape

jumta naglas

jumta plakne

salabot jumtu

jumta istaba, jumtistaba

roof (structure that covers the top of a building; the covering that sits on it)


bērns

bērns (nominative singular)
bērni (nominative plural)
bērna (genitive singular)
bērnu (genitive plural)
bērnam (dative singular)
bērniem (dative plural)
bērnu (accusative singular)
bērnus (accusative plural)
bērnu (instrumental singular)
bērniem (instrumental plural)
bērnā (locative singular)
bērnos (locative plural)
bērns (singular vocative)
bērni (plural vocative)

From an earlier *berns, with lengthening ([èɾ] > [æ̀ːɾ]), from Proto-Baltic *bernas, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰer- with an extra -no-s. The meaning evolved from “carry, bear” > “carried thing, burden” > “baby (being carried by pregnant woman)” > “child.”
Cognates include Lithuanian bérnas (“young, unmarried man; child; boy; servant”), Sudovian barnaj (“children”) (< *bernai), Proto-Germanic *barną (“child”) (Gothic 𐌱𐌰𐍂𐌽 (barn), Swedish barn, English bairn (“child”)). In the sense of “burden,” also Proto-Slavic *bermę < *bermen- (dialectal Russian бере́мя (berémja, “burden; lap”)), Old Armenian բեռն (beṙn), Ancient Greek φέρνη (phérnē, “dowry”); in the sense of “pregnant,” Russian бере́менная (berémennaja), Polish brzemienna, from brzemienny (“full of cargo”); and in the sense of “to be born, birth,” Ancient Greek φέρμα (phérma, “fruit of the earth”), Old English ġeberan (“to bring forth, to give birth”), German gebären, English bear, be born.

mazs bērns

raudošs bērns

nerātns bērns

neiznests bērns

premature (lit. not-fully-carried) child

ārlaulības, nelikumīgs bērns

bērna audzināšana

auklēt bērnu

kopt bērnu

mācīt bērnu

adoptēt bērnu

bērnu ratiņi

strollers (literally, “little children's carts”)

bērnu autiņi

diapers (literally, “children's little cloths”)

bērnu nams, bērnunams

orphanage (literally, “children's house”)

bērnu dārzs, bērnudārzs

kindergarten (literally, “children's garden”)

bērnu laukums

bērnu literatūra

bērnu ārsts

bērnu spēle

children's play (= something very simple and easy)

tu runā kā bērns

you talk like a child (= too naively, childishly)

child (boy or girl up to approximately 14 or 13 years of age)

vienu vecāku bērni

pieauguši bērni

viņai ir vienpadsmit bērnu: septiņas meitas un četri dēli

she has eleven children: seven daughters and four sons

kad bērni lieli, iet tie paši ar savu galvu un vecāku prātu

child (son or daughter, regardless of age, in relation to their parents; descendants)

“vai, māt, Brūnaļai teļinš!” meitene priecīgi sasit rokas... “Brūnaļa mani vairs nepazīst...” “viņai bail, ka tu nedari pāri viņas bērnam”

“oh, Mum, Brūnaļa (the cow) has a little calf!” the girl happily clapped her hands... “Brūnaļa doesn't know me anymore...” “she is afraid of what you might do to her child”

tu biji krietnais tautas bērns

you were an honest, decent child of the people

dziesma, ai dziesmiņa, skani skaļi / visur, kur Latvijas bērniem mājas!

song, oh little song, do sound loud / everywhere where Latvia's children have homes!

(poetic) person, with respect to land, people, nation, political movement, etc. to which he or she belongs


pirksts

pirksts (nominative singular)
pirksti (nominative plural)
pirksta (genitive singular)
pirkstu (genitive plural)
pirkstam (dative singular)
pirkstiem (dative plural)
pirkstu (accusative singular)
pirkstus (accusative plural)
pirkstu (instrumental singular)
pirkstiem (instrumental plural)
pirkstā (locative singular)
pirkstos (locative plural)
pirkst (singular vocative)
pirksti (plural vocative)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *pírštan, from Proto-Indo-European *per (“over”) (whence also Latvian par, q.v.) in its reduced grade *pr̥, with *stā- (“to stand”) (whence also Latvian stāt (“to stop”), q.v.). The original meaning was therefore “(the one(s)) standing in front, directed to(ward) the front.” Cognates include Lithuanian pir̃štas, Old Prussian pīrsten (probably masculine accusative), nagepristis (“toe nails, claws”) (< *nagepirstis), Proto-Slavic *pьrstъ (Russian archaic перст (perst), Ukrainian перст (perst), Upper Sorbian porst, Bulgarian пръст (prǎst), Czech prst, Polish parst), Old High German first (“spike, protuberance”), German First (“ridge, top”), Sanskrit पृष्ठम् (pṛṣṭhám, “back, tip, ending”), Avestan 𐬞𐬀𐬭𐬱𐬙𐬀 (paršta, “backbone, spine”), Latin postis (“post, doorpost”) (< *porstis “the one standing in front”).

slaidi, gari pirksti

līki pirksti

pirksta locītava

pirksta kauli, gali

pirkstu nospiedums

lielais pirksts

rādītāja pirksts, rādītājpirksts

vidējais pirksts

skaitīt uz pirkstiem

(anatomy) finger, toe (movable extremities of the hand or foot)

noadīt cimda pirkstu

finger (parts of a glove that cover the fingers)


vārds

vārds (nominative singular)
vārdi (nominative plural)
vārda (genitive singular)
vārdu (genitive plural)
vārdam (dative singular)
vārdiem (dative plural)
vārdu (accusative singular)
vārdus (accusative plural)
vārdu (instrumental singular)
vārdiem (instrumental plural)
vārdā (locative singular)
vārdos (locative plural)
vārd (singular vocative)
vārdi (plural vocative)

From Proto-Baltic *wardas, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *wardas, a masculine parallel form to neuter *wardan, from Proto-Indo-European *werdʰh₁om (“word”), from the stem *werh₁- (“to speak, say, talk”) with an extra element -dʰo.
Note the typical Baltic polysemy between “name” and “word”, since the Proto-Indo-European term for “name”, still conserved in Old Prussian emnes, emmens (< Proto-Indo-European *h₁nómn̥), was lost and replaced by *werdʰo-.
Cognates include Lithuanian var̃das, Old Prussian wīrds, wirds, Sudovian ward, Russian врать (vratʹ, “to lie”), Belarusian вярзці́ (vjarzcí, “to lie”), Ukrainian верзти́ (verztý, “to lie”), Proto-Germanic *wurdą (Gothic 𐍅𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌳 (waurd), German Wort, English word, Icelandic orð), Hittite ḫurt- (“to load, to charge”) (: weriya- “to say”), Sanskrit व्रत (vrata, “vow, command”), Ancient Greek εἴρω (eírō, “to say”) (< *weryō), Latin verbum.


uzvārds

uzvārds (nominative singular)
uzvārdi (nominative plural)
uzvārda (genitive singular)
uzvārdu (genitive plural)
uzvārdam (dative singular)
uzvārdiem (dative plural)
uzvārdu (accusative singular)
uzvārdus (accusative plural)
uzvārdu (instrumental singular)
uzvārdiem (instrumental plural)
uzvārdā (locative singular)
uzvārdos (locative plural)
uzvārd (singular vocative)
uzvārdi (plural vocative)


svārki

svārki (nominative plural)
svārku (genitive plural)
svārkiem (dative plural)
svārkus (accusative plural)
svārkiem (instrumental plural)
svārkos (locative plural)
svārki (plural vocative)

The origin of this word is not clear. The fact that, besides the Lithuanian cognate švar̃kas (“suit jacket, coat”) there is also šar̃kas (“piece of clothing; fisherman's coat”) suggests a Proto-Baltic form *sarkas, the initial šv resulting perhaps from the influence of the common collocate adjective švarùs (“clean”); but there is no parallel adjective in Latvian to justify the initial sv. A possible *sarkas has further been compared with Russian соро́чка (soróčka, “shirt”), Old Church Slavonic срака (sraka, “clothing”) and ultimately derived as a borrowing from Vulgar Latin serica, sar(i)ca (“silk, silk clothes”), itself a borrowing from Oriental languages. Some researchers, however, disagree with this comparison.

kupli svārki

svārki un blūze

jaunas sievietes var atļauties arī kuplākus svārkus zvana griezumā

young women can also allow themselves to wear fuller bell-shaped skirts

ik uz soļa svārku dziļais iegriezums pavērās pāri celim, un pazibēja zīda zeķē tērptā kāja

at every step the skirt's deep cut opened a little above the knee, flashing a leg clad in silk stockings

(women's clothing) skirt (garment covering the lower body, from the waist down)


maiss

maiss (nominative singular)
maisi (nominative plural)
maisa (genitive singular)
maisu (genitive plural)
maisam (dative singular)
maisiem (dative plural)
maisu (accusative singular)
maisus (accusative plural)
maisu (instrumental singular)
maisiem (instrumental plural)
maisā (locative singular)
maisos (locative plural)
mais (singular vocative)
maisi (plural vocative)

From Proto-Baltic *maiš-, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *maišás, from Proto-Indo-European *moysós, *moi-sḱo- (“sheep; skin”).
Cognates include Lithuanian maĩšas (“sack”), Old Prussian moasis (mōsis, “bellows”) (from *mōi- from *mai-), Old Church Slavonic мѣхъ (měxŭ, “bag”), Russian мех (mex, “fur, bellows”), Czech měch (“sack, bellows”), Polish miech (“sack, bellows”), Old Norse meiss (“basket”), Old High German meisa (“pannier”), Middle Low German meise (“keg, barrel”), Sanskrit मेष (meṣa, “ram, sheep; sheepskin, fur”).

cog

audekla, papīra maiss

tukšs, pilns, caurs mais

iebērt maisā miltus

miltu, cukura maisi

sabērt pagrabā desmit maisu kartupeļu

to pour, store ten sacks of potatoes in the basement

sack, bag (container made of cloth, plastic, paper, etc. for transportation or storage)