svainis

lv-noun

svainis m (2nd declension, feminine form: svaine or svainiene)

svaine (feminine)
svainiene (feminine)
svainis (nominative singular)
svaiņi (nominative plural)
svaiņa (genitive singular)
svaiņu (genitive plural)
svainim (dative singular)
svaiņiem (dative plural)
svaini (accusative singular)
svaiņus (accusative plural)
svaini (instrumental singular)
svaiņiem (instrumental plural)
svainī (locative singular)
svaiņos (locative plural)
svaini (singular vocative)
svaiņi (plural vocative)

From Proto-Baltic *swaynya-, from Proto-Indo-European *swoini, probably meaning “ours,” “one of us”, from *swe-, *swo- with an extra in, from the reflexive pronominal stem *se- (“one's own”) with an extra -we, -wo (whence also Latvian savs). The meaning probably went from “one of us, one of our relatives” to “one who has become a relative (by marriage)” and was then restricted to “brother-in-law.” Cognates include Lithuanian sváinis (“wife's sister's husband”), Old High German swein (“servant, shepherd”) (< “one of us”), Messapic veinam (“one's own (acc.)”).

cog

tev pašam māsa un svainis strādā kaut kur kolhozā

your very sister and brother-in-law work somewhere in a collective farm

Līzbetei daudz radu nebija... pilnīgi cerams, ka svainis Līdaks ar māsu Gerdu bērēs nebūs

Līzbete didn't have many relatives... it can certainly be hoped that (her) brother-in-law Līdaks and (her) sister Gerda won't be at the funeral

brother-in-law (one's wife's brother or one's husband's brother; also, one's sister's husband, or one's wife's sister's husband)


svaine

svaine (nominative singular)
svaines (nominative plural)
svaines (genitive singular)
svaiņu (genitive plural)
svainei (dative singular)
svainēm (dative plural)
svaini (accusative singular)
svaines (accusative plural)
svaini (instrumental singular)
svainēm (instrumental plural)
svainē (locative singular)
svainēs (locative plural)
svaine (singular vocative)
svaines (plural vocative)

From svainis (“brother-in-law”) + -e (“fem.”).

suffix

tā nav ne mana, ne mana brāļa māja, tā ir mums abiem kopīga... bet kad es apprecēšos, es vairs negribēšu iet svaines virtuvē

this is neither my nor my brother's house, this is our common (house)... but when I get married, I won't want to go to my sister-in-law's kitchen anymore

sister-in-law (one's wife's sister or one's husband's sister; also, one's brother's wife, or one's husband's brother's wife)


svainiene

svainiene (nominative singular)
svainienes (nominative plural)
svainienes (genitive singular)
svainieņu (genitive plural)
svainienei (dative singular)
svainienēm (dative plural)
svainieni (accusative singular)
svainienes (accusative plural)
svainieni (instrumental singular)
svainienēm (instrumental plural)
svainienē (locative singular)
svainienēs (locative plural)
svainiene (singular vocative)
svainienes (plural vocative)

From svainis (“brother-in-law”) + -iene (“fem.”).

“vēl nesen biju aizbraucis pat uz savu veco ciemu...” “tur pie brāļa sievas?” “tur, jā, bet svainieni nesatiku”

“I even recently went to my old village...” “there, at your brother's wife's (house)?” “yes, there, but I didn't meet my sister-in-law”


svainība

svainība (nominative singular)
svainības (genitive singular)
svainībai (dative singular)
svainību (accusative singular)
svainību (instrumental singular)
svainībā (locative singular)
svainība (singular vocative)

mūs ar bijušo zemes īpašnieu saista tikai svainība, tad zemi kā mantojumu saņemt nevaram

we were linked to the previous owner of the land only by a brother-in-law relation, so we cannot get the land as (our) property

kinship relation between brothers-in-law or sisters-in-law


saldens

head

saldens (definite saldenais, comparative saldenāks, superlative vissaldenākais, adverb saldeni)

saldenais (definite)
saldenāks (comparative)
vissaldenākais (superlative)
saldeni (adverb)
saldens (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
saldeni (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
saldena (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
saldenas (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
saldena (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
saldenu (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
saldenas (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
saldenu (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
saldenam (dative indefinite masculine singular)
saldeniem (dative indefinite masculine plural)
saldenai (dative feminine indefinite singular)
saldenām (dative feminine indefinite plural)
saldenu (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
saldenus (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
saldenu (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
saldenas (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
saldenu (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
saldeniem (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
saldenu (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
saldenām (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
saldenā (indefinite locative masculine singular)
saldenos (indefinite locative masculine plural)
saldenā (feminine indefinite locative singular)
saldenās (feminine indefinite locative plural)

saldens dzeriens

siera garša ir ārkārtīgi dažāda: maiga, īpatnēja saldena, asa, pikanta

the flavor of the cheese is differently varied: soft, peculiarly sweetish, sharp, spicy

karameļu vārīšanas cehā tveicīgais gaiss ir saldens, piesātinājies ar augļu smaržām

the sultry air in a caramel cooking room is sweetish, saturated with fruit aromas

saldens smaids

saldena melodija


saldums

saldums (nominative singular)
saldumi (nominative plural)
salduma (genitive singular)
saldumu (genitive plural)
saldumam (dative singular)
saldumiem (dative plural)
saldumu (accusative singular)
saldumus (accusative plural)
saldumu (instrumental singular)
saldumiem (instrumental plural)
saldumā (locative singular)
saldumos (locative plural)
saldum (singular vocative)
saldumi (plural vocative)

viņam garšo saldumi

nopirkt saldumus

viņš bija ļoti kārs uz saldumiem, šis vecīgais vīrs: vesels šķīvis ar ābolkūkām, Aleksandra kūkām, krējuma pūpēžiem un dažādiem saldiem cepumiem tikko varēja apmierināt viņa ēstgribu

he was crazy about sweets, that oldish man: whole plates full of apple cakes, Aleksandris cakes, cream pipes and other sweet cookies barely managed to satisfy his appetite

(usually in the plural) sweets, candy (pastries or confections with high sugar content)


salns

salns (definite salnais, comparative salnāks, superlative vissalnākais, adverb salni)

salnais (definite)
salnāks (comparative)
vissalnākais (superlative)
salni (adverb)
salns (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
salni (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
salna (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
salnas (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
salna (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
salnu (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
salnas (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
salnu (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
salnam (dative indefinite masculine singular)
salniem (dative indefinite masculine plural)
salnai (dative feminine indefinite singular)
salnām (dative feminine indefinite plural)
salnu (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
salnus (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
salnu (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
salnas (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
salnu (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
salniem (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
salnu (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
salnām (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
salnā (indefinite locative masculine singular)
salnos (indefinite locative masculine plural)
salnā (feminine indefinite locative singular)
salnās (feminine indefinite locative plural)

The world seems to be derived from the same source as salna (“frost”) (q.v.): the verb salt (“to freeze”) (q.v.); the meaning change parallels that of sarma (“frost”), sirms (“gray”). But it is also possible that salns either came from, or was influenced by, Proto-Indo-European *sal- (“dirty gray”) via Proto-Baltic *sal- (whence also sāls (“salt”), q.v.); cf. Russian соло́вый (solóvyj, “yellowish horse with light tail and mane”), Old High German salo (“dirty gray”), Old English salu (“dirty gray”), Middle Dutch salu, zalu, zaluw (“pale yellow; dirty”), Dutch zaluw (“dark yellow”).

cog

salna ķēve

Mārcis piekļāva galvu salnā kumeļa krēpēm

Mārcis pressed (his) head in (= against) the roan colt's mane

salnais sāk rikšot

the roan one (= horse) started trotting, cantering

(of animal, especially horse, hair) roan-colored (having the kind of color created by even mixture of white and colored hairs)

especially horse; hair; especially horse; hair


skaidrs

head

skaidrs (definite skaidrais, comparative skaidrāks, superlative visskaidrākais, adverb skaidri)

skaidrais (definite)
skaidrāks (comparative)
visskaidrākais (superlative)
skaidri (adverb)
skaidrs (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
skaidri (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
skaidra (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
skaidras (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
skaidra (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
skaidru (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
skaidras (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
skaidru (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
skaidram (dative indefinite masculine singular)
skaidriem (dative indefinite masculine plural)
skaidrai (dative feminine indefinite singular)
skaidrām (dative feminine indefinite plural)
skaidru (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
skaidrus (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
skaidru (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
skaidras (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
skaidru (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
skaidriem (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
skaidru (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
skaidrām (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
skaidrā (indefinite locative masculine singular)
skaidros (indefinite locative masculine plural)
skaidrā (feminine indefinite locative singular)
skaidrās (feminine indefinite locative plural)

From the same stem as dzidrs (“clear, limpid”) (q.v.), the difference being only the added initial (s-mobile and the consequent assimilation of the initial g to k. In older sources and in some dialects, skaidrs still means “clean,” “pure” (whence its use in skaidra nauda “cash,” formed after German bares Geld). Cognates include Lithuanian skaidrùs.

balss viņai bija tik sidraboti skaidra

no tuvējās liepas atskanēja skaidra, skanīga putna dziesma

from the nearby linden trees there sounded a clear, sonorous bird song

Mirdzas Šmithenes skaisto balsi un skaidro izrunu uzskatīja par neaizstājamu

Mirdza Šmithene's beautiful voice and clear pronunciation is considered irreplaceable

“labdien!” viņš atbildēja skaidrā latviešu valodā

“good morning!” he answered in clear Latvian

(of sounds, voices) clear (well sounding, pure, without noisy parts or elements, without errors or imperfections)


dzidrs

dzidrs (definite dzidrais, comparative dzidrāks, superlative visdzidrākais, adverb dzidri)

dzidrais (definite)
dzidrāks (comparative)
visdzidrākais (superlative)
dzidri (adverb)
dzidrs (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
dzidri (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
dzidra (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
dzidras (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
dzidra (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
dzidru (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
dzidras (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
dzidru (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
dzidram (dative indefinite masculine singular)
dzidriem (dative indefinite masculine plural)
dzidrai (dative feminine indefinite singular)
dzidrām (dative feminine indefinite plural)
dzidru (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
dzidrus (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
dzidru (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
dzidras (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
dzidru (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
dzidriem (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
dzidru (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
dzidrām (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
dzidrā (indefinite locative masculine singular)
dzidros (indefinite locative masculine plural)
dzidrā (feminine indefinite locative singular)
dzidrās (feminine indefinite locative plural)

From the same stem as gaišs (“bright, light”): Proto-Baltic *gīd- (with an extra syllable -ro), from Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰəid-, *gʷʰīd-, *gʷʰid- (“bright, shining”). Cognates include Lithuanian giẽdras, gaidrùs (“bright, clear”), Ancient Greek φαιδρός (phaidrós, “bright, clear, happy”).

cog

dzidra flauta

dzidrs zvans

klausitāji apbrīnoja mūzikas instrumentu dzidro skanējumu

the audience admired the clear sound of the musical instruments

putniņš skandina dzidrus, gaiša prieka pilnus treļļus

the little bird was singing clear trills, full of bright joy

man palikusi prātā jūsu balss: dzidra, skanīga kā zvaniņš

your voice remained in my mind: as clear and sonorous as a little bell

(of sounds, voices, musical instruments) high, sonorous, melodious

voices; musical instruments; voices; musical instruments


grīva

grīva (nominative singular)
grīvas (nominative plural)
grīvas (genitive singular)
grīvu (genitive plural)
grīvai (dative singular)
grīvām (dative plural)
grīvu (accusative singular)
grīvas (accusative plural)
grīvu (instrumental singular)
grīvām (instrumental plural)
grīvā (locative singular)
grīvās (locative plural)
grīva (singular vocative)
grīvas (plural vocative)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *grī́ˀwāˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷriHwéh₂.

padziļināt upes grīvu

pie Daugavas grīvas bija pārāk daudz zvejnieku

at the mouth of the Daugava there were too many fishermen

estuary, mouth (the place at which a river reaches the sea)


upuris

upuris (nominative singular)
upuri (nominative plural)
upura (genitive singular)
upuru (genitive plural)
upurim (dative singular)
upuriem (dative plural)
upuri (accusative singular)
upurus (accusative plural)
upuri (instrumental singular)
upuriem (instrumental plural)
upurī (locative singular)
upuros (locative plural)
upuri (singular vocative)
upuri (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Middle Dutch upper, or from Middle High German opper (cf. German Opfer), itself a borrowing from Latin operārī (“to try, to strive for; to offer, to sacrifice”). This word is first mentioned in 17th-century dictionaries.

uder

upura kalns

upura jērs

bet Dievs upuri nav pieņēmis

(religion, mythology) offering, sacrifice (object or living being offered to a god or gods in a religious ritual so as to satisfy them or win their favor)


šķīsts

head

šķīsts (definite šķīstais, comparative šķīstāks, superlative visšķīstākais, adverb šķīsti)

šķīstais (definite)
šķīstāks (comparative)
visšķīstākais (superlative)
šķīsti (adverb)
šķīsts (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
šķīsti (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
šķīsta (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
šķīstas (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
šķīsta (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
šķīstu (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
šķīstas (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
šķīstu (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
šķīstam (dative indefinite masculine singular)
šķīstiem (dative indefinite masculine plural)
šķīstai (dative feminine indefinite singular)
šķīstām (dative feminine indefinite plural)
šķīstu (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
šķīstus (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
šķīstu (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
šķīstas (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
šķīstu (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
šķīstiem (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
šķīstu (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
šķīstām (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
šķīstā (indefinite locative masculine singular)
šķīstos (indefinite locative masculine plural)
šķīstā (feminine indefinite locative singular)
šķīstās (feminine indefinite locative plural)

From the verb šķīst (“to become liquid; to melt; to dissolve; to disintegrate”), earlier meaning “to clean” (q.v.), of which it was originally the past participle; this verb, in turn, comes from *skīsti, from *skid-ti, from Proto-Baltic *skeyd, *skīd-, *skid-, possibly from a kʷʰ-initial phonological variant of Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰéy- (“clear, light, shiny”) with an extra d (the initial s being probably an s-mobile); the meaning evolved from “clear” to “liquid” (via “clean”). Some researchers suggest a different source: Proto-Indo-European *skey-, *skēy- (“to cut, to split”) with an extra -d; in this case, the semantic evolution would have been “to cut, to split” > “to move quickly in all directions” > “to splash” > “to be (like) a liquid” (whence “clear, clean”). Cognates include Lithuanian skýstas (“thin”) (of liquids), Old Prussian skijstan (“clean”) (accusative), Proto-Slavic *čistъ (“clean, pure”) (Russian чи́стый (čístyj), Ukrainian чи́стий (čýstyj), Bulgarian чист (čist), Czech čistý, Polish czysty).

uder

šķīsts ticīgais

(religion) pure, immaculate, without sin (who never sinned; who was purified, who had his/her sins forgiven)


pīzda

pīzda (nominative singular)
pīzdas (nominative plural)
pīzdas (genitive singular)
pīzdu (genitive plural)
pīzdai (dative singular)
pīzdām (dative plural)
pīzdu (accusative singular)
pīzdas (accusative plural)
pīzdu (instrumental singular)
pīzdām (instrumental plural)
pīzdā (locative singular)
pīzdās (locative plural)
pīzda (singular vocative)
pīzdas (plural vocative)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *pīˀsdāˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *písdeh₂. Cognate to Lithuanian pyzda, Proto-Slavic *pizda.

(vulgar, slang, anatomy) cunt, pussy (the female genitalia, especially external genitalia)


blāvs

head

blāvs (definite blāvais, comparative blāvāks, superlative visblāvākais, adverb blāvi)

blāvais (definite)
blāvāks (comparative)
visblāvākais (superlative)
blāvi (adverb)
blāvs (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
blāvi (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
blāva (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
blāvas (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
blāva (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
blāvu (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
blāvas (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
blāvu (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
blāvam (dative indefinite masculine singular)
blāviem (dative indefinite masculine plural)
blāvai (dative feminine indefinite singular)
blāvām (dative feminine indefinite plural)
blāvu (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
blāvus (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
blāvu (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
blāvas (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
blāvu (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
blāviem (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
blāvu (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
blāvām (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
blāvā (indefinite locative masculine singular)
blāvos (indefinite locative masculine plural)
blāvā (feminine indefinite locative singular)
blāvās (feminine indefinite locative plural)

From Proto-Baltic *blāwas, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰlew-, *bʰlēw-, *bʰlāw-, from the zero grade of *bʰel- (“shiny, white”) (whence also Latvian balts (“white”)) with an extra -w. Some researchers consider blāvs a borrowing from Middle Low German blā, blāw (and likewise Lithuanian blãvas a borrowing from Latvian). Cognates include Lithuanian blãvas (“pale”), blausùs (“cloudy; unclear, dim; gloomy; sleepy”), Old High German blāo (“blue; yellow”), German blau (“blue”), Latin flāvus (“golden, yellow; flaxen; blonde”).

cog

blāva spuldze

blāvs mēness

blāva gaisma

blāvajā mēness gaismā no durvīm uz manu pusi kūņojās kaut kas garš un balts

in the dim moonlight something long and white was dragging itself from the door to my side

(of light, light sources) dim, faint, wan (weak; proudicing only dim, faint light)

blāvās krāsas

Es ieskatos Harijam acīs; bet šodien tās ir blāvas

I look into Harijs' eyes; but today they are dull

dull, lackluster (not shiny, not emitting or reflecting (much) light; pale, whitish)


blāvums

blāvums (nominative singular)
blāvuma (genitive singular)
blāvumam (dative singular)
blāvumu (accusative singular)
blāvumu (instrumental singular)
blāvumā (locative singular)
blāvum (singular vocative)

gaišums

antonym(s) of “of "dimness", "faintness"”

pagalma vidū tumsā varēja saredzēt kādu blāvumu; tur stāvēja Bernsons

in the middle of the yard, in the dark, one could see some faint (spot); there Bernsons was standing

dull, faint, pale object, spot (reflecting little light)


produktivitāte

produktivitāte (nominative singular)
produktivitātes (genitive singular)
produktivitātei (dative singular)
produktivitāti (accusative singular)
produktivitāti (instrumental singular)
produktivitātē (locative singular)
produktivitāte (singular vocative)

From produktīvs (“productive”) + -itāte (with produktīvs from produkts (“product”) + -īvs). Probably not formed as such in Latvian, but borrowed and adapted from other European languages.

piedēkļa produktivitāte

(linguistics) productivity (capacity of being regularly used to form words)


aklums

aklums (nominative singular)
akluma (genitive singular)
aklumam (dative singular)
aklumu (accusative singular)
aklumu (instrumental singular)
aklumā (locative singular)
aklum (singular vocative)

iedzimts aklums

draud aklums

krāsu aklums

color blindness (i.e., incapacity to differentiate colors)

vistas aklums

chicken blindness (i.e., visual impairment that produces reduced vision at dusk or at night)

sniegas aklums

snow blindness (i.e., temporary blindness caused by bright sunlight reflected on snow)

ar savu aklumu Jānītis sen jau apradis, viņš ar spieķīti nekļūdīgi atrod ceļu, apiedams visas grambas un akmeņus

Jānītis had gotten used to his blindness long ago, he could find the way unmistakably with his stick, bypassing all the ruts and stones

blindness (the lack of vision, of the capacity to see)


aklība

aklība (nominative singular)
aklības (genitive singular)
aklībai (dative singular)
aklību (accusative singular)
aklību (instrumental singular)
aklībā (locative singular)
aklība (singular vocative)

acu aklība


vājdzirdīgums

vājdzirdīgums (nominative singular)
vājdzirdīguma (genitive singular)
vājdzirdīgumam (dative singular)
vājdzirdīgumu (accusative singular)
vājdzirdīgumu (instrumental singular)
vājdzirdīgumā (locative singular)
vājdzirdīgum (singular vocative)

From vājdzirdīgs (“weak of hearing”) + -ums (with vājdzirdīgs from vājš (“weak”) + dzirdīgs (“hearing”) and dzirdīgs from dzirde (“hearing”) + -īgs).

vājdzirdīgums apgrūtina dzīvi

weakness of hearning makes life difficult

low, poor hearing, hearing impairment (the quality or state of one who is weak of hearing)


redzīgs

head

redzīgs (definite redzīgais, comparative redzīgāks, superlative visredzīgākais, adverb redzīgi)

redzīgais (definite)
redzīgāks (comparative)
visredzīgākais (superlative)
redzīgi (adverb)
redzīgs (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
redzīgi (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
redzīga (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
redzīgas (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
redzīga (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
redzīgu (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
redzīgas (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
redzīgu (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
redzīgam (dative indefinite masculine singular)
redzīgiem (dative indefinite masculine plural)
redzīgai (dative feminine indefinite singular)
redzīgām (dative feminine indefinite plural)
redzīgu (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
redzīgus (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
redzīgu (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
redzīgas (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
redzīgu (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
redzīgiem (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
redzīgu (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
redzīgām (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
redzīgā (indefinite locative masculine singular)
redzīgos (indefinite locative masculine plural)
redzīgā (feminine indefinite locative singular)
redzīgās (feminine indefinite locative plural)

kļūt redzīgam pēc operācijas

viņam tikai viena acs redzīga

bērniem redzīgākas acis nekā sirmgalvjiem

children have better (lit. more seeing) eyes than the elderly

kad neredzīgais kļūst redzīgs un ierauga gaismu, viņam noreibst galva

when a blind (person) becomes seeing and sees the light, his head becomes dizzy

seeing, sighted (having vision; able to see)


redzīgums

redzīgums (nominative singular)
redzīguma (genitive singular)
redzīgumam (dative singular)
redzīgumu (accusative singular)
redzīgumu (instrumental singular)
redzīgumā (locative singular)
redzīgum (singular vocative)

From redzīgs (“seeing”) + -ums (with redzīgs from redze (“vision”) + -īgs).

ja gribi veidot ziedu kompozīcijas, jābūt vērīgam katru dienu... tu nevari paiet garām nicināmas nezāles stiebram un tev vērtīgs šķiet dadža stublājs... to redzīgumu, ko tu esi ieguvis, nevar tik lēti nopirkt

if you want to make flower arrangements, you must be vigilant every day... you cannot pass a despicable weed bush and the thistle stalk will seem valuable to you... this ability to see / vision which you have acquired cannot be bought so easily

the quality or state of having vision, of being sighted


neredzīgs

neredzīgs (definite neredzīgais, comparative neredzīgāks, superlative visneredzīgākais, adverb neredzīgi)

neredzīgais (definite)
neredzīgāks (comparative)
visneredzīgākais (superlative)
neredzīgi (adverb)
neredzīgs (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
neredzīgi (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
neredzīga (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
neredzīgas (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
neredzīga (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
neredzīgu (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
neredzīgas (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
neredzīgu (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
neredzīgam (dative indefinite masculine singular)
neredzīgiem (dative indefinite masculine plural)
neredzīgai (dative feminine indefinite singular)
neredzīgām (dative feminine indefinite plural)
neredzīgu (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
neredzīgus (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
neredzīgu (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
neredzīgas (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
neredzīgu (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
neredzīgiem (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
neredzīgu (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
neredzīgām (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
neredzīgā (indefinite locative masculine singular)
neredzīgos (indefinite locative masculine plural)
neredzīgā (feminine indefinite locative singular)
neredzīgās (feminine indefinite locative plural)

From ne- + redzīgs (“seeing, sighted”) (with redzīgs from redze (“vision”) + -īgs).

neredzīgs bērns

neredzīgs kopš dzimšanas

neredzīgas acis

neredzīgo skola

neredzīgo raksts, ābece

Maksis Kaugurs ir neredzīgais zēns no mūsu klases... viņš zaudēja redzi pirms diviem gadiem, izdarot uz savu roku kādu mēģinājumu ar ķīmiskām vielām

Maksis Kaugurs is the blind boy of our class... he lost his sight two years go, carrying out by himself some experiment with chemicals

blind (not sighted, not having the ability to see)


neredzīgums

neredzīgums (nominative singular)
neredzīguma (genitive singular)
neredzīgumam (dative singular)
neredzīgumu (accusative singular)
neredzīgumu (instrumental singular)
neredzīgumā (locative singular)
neredzīgum (singular vocative)

From neredzīgs (“unseeing, blind”) + -ums (with neredzīgs from ne- + redzīgs (“seeing, sighted”) and redzīgs from redze (“vision”) + -īgs).

bērna neredzīgums

acu neredzīgums

blindness (the quality or state of one who is unseeing, blind)


neredzība

neredzība (nominative singular)
neredzības (genitive singular)
neredzībai (dative singular)
neredzību (accusative singular)
neredzību (instrumental singular)
neredzībā (locative singular)
neredzība (singular vocative)

augstais iekšējais spiediens acs ābolā bojā tīkleni un redzes nervu, un pakāpeniski iestājas neredzība

the high internal pressure in the eyeball damaged the retina and the optical nerve, and gradually came blindness


vājredzīgums

vājredzīgums (nominative singular)
vājredzīguma (genitive singular)
vājredzīgumam (dative singular)
vājredzīgumu (accusative singular)
vājredzīgumu (instrumental singular)
vājredzīgumā (locative singular)
vājredzīgum (singular vocative)

From vājredzīgs (“weak of vision”) + -ums (with vājredzīgs from vājš (“weak”) + redzīgs (“seeing”) and redzīgs from redze (“vision”) + -īgs).

vājredzīgums piemit ne tiaki sievietēm

low, poor vision, vision impairment (the quality or state of one whose vision is weak)


vājredzīgs

vājredzīgs (definite vājredzīgais, comparative vājredzīgāks, superlative visvājredzīgākais, adverb vājredzīgi)

vājredzīgais (definite)
vājredzīgāks (comparative)
visvājredzīgākais (superlative)
vājredzīgi (adverb)
vājredzīgs (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
vājredzīgi (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
vājredzīga (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
vājredzīgas (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
vājredzīga (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
vājredzīgu (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
vājredzīgas (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
vājredzīgu (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
vājredzīgam (dative indefinite masculine singular)
vājredzīgiem (dative indefinite masculine plural)
vājredzīgai (dative feminine indefinite singular)
vājredzīgām (dative feminine indefinite plural)
vājredzīgu (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
vājredzīgus (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
vājredzīgu (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
vājredzīgas (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
vājredzīgu (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
vājredzīgiem (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
vājredzīgu (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
vājredzīgām (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
vājredzīgā (indefinite locative masculine singular)
vājredzīgos (indefinite locative masculine plural)
vājredzīgā (feminine indefinite locative singular)
vājredzīgās (feminine indefinite locative plural)

From vājš (“weak”) + redzīgs (“seeing”) (with redzīgs from redze (“vision”) + -īgs).

pazemē Jurģis ir pavadījis gadus četrus, ja ne visus piecus... ir sanīcis: kļuvis vājredzīgs un nevarīgs

Jurģis spent four, if not five, years underground... he became ill: he became weak of vision and helpless

tēvs aplaida vājredzīgās acis visapkārt un draudīgi noprasīja: “kur tie kaķi ir?”

father left his weak eyes go all around and asked menacingly: “where are those cats?”

attieksmei pret vājredzīgajiem un neredzīgajiem jābūt dabiskai un nepiespiestai... viņiem jāpalīdz tikai tad, kad tas šķiet nepieciešami, turklāt - neuzkrītoši

the attitude towards those visually impaired or blind must be natural and relaxed... they should be helped only when this seems necessary, and furthermore - discreetly

weak of vision, weak of seeing (having weak, impaired vision, having partial vision loss)


vājredzība

vājredzība (nominative singular)
vājredzības (genitive singular)
vājredzībai (dative singular)
vājredzību (accusative singular)
vājredzību (instrumental singular)
vājredzībā (locative singular)
vājredzība (singular vocative)

From vājš (“weak”) + redze (“vision”) + -ība.

ja bērnam agrīni tiek atklāta vājredzība, tad nekavējoties jāsāk valkāt brilles

if a child's visual impairment is discovered early, then he must immediately begin to wear glasses


redzoklis

redzoklis (nominative singular)
redzokļi (nominative plural)
redzokļa (genitive singular)
redzokļu (genitive plural)
redzoklim (dative singular)
redzokļiem (dative plural)
redzokli (accusative singular)
redzokļus (accusative plural)
redzokli (instrumental singular)
redzokļiem (instrumental plural)
redzoklī (locative singular)
redzokļos (locative plural)
redzokli (singular vocative)
redzokļi (plural vocative)

redzokļa nervi

kad viņš paceļ plakstus, pazib dzīvi un šaudīgi redzokļi

when he raised his eyelids, lively, quickly moving pupils flashed

dzīslene acs priekšējā daļā pāriet varavīksnenē, kuras vidū ir caurumiņš: redzoklis jeb acs zīlīte

the choroid in the anterior part of the eye goes as far as the iris, in the middle of which there is a little hole: the pupil or eye pupil

(anatomy) pupil (opening in the iris through which light reaches the retina)


produktīvs

produktīvs (definite produktīvais, comparative produktīvāks, superlative visproduktīvākais, adverb produktīvi)

produktīvais (definite)
produktīvāks (comparative)
visproduktīvākais (superlative)
produktīvi (adverb)
produktīvs (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
produktīvi (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
produktīva (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
produktīvas (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
produktīva (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
produktīvu (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
produktīvas (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
produktīvu (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
produktīvam (dative indefinite masculine singular)
produktīviem (dative indefinite masculine plural)
produktīvai (dative feminine indefinite singular)
produktīvām (dative feminine indefinite plural)
produktīvu (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
produktīvus (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
produktīvu (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
produktīvas (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
produktīvu (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
produktīviem (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
produktīvu (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
produktīvām (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
produktīvā (indefinite locative masculine singular)
produktīvos (indefinite locative masculine plural)
produktīvā (feminine indefinite locative singular)
produktīvās (feminine indefinite locative plural)

From produkts (“product”) + -īvs. Probably not derived as such in Latvian, but borrowed and adapted from other European languages.

produktīvs priedēklis, piedēklis

(linguistics, of morphological processes) productive (frequently used to form new words)


rezultatīvs

rezultatīvs (definite rezultatīvais, comparative rezultatīvāks, superlative visrezultatīvākais, adverb rezultatīvi)

rezultatīvais (definite)
rezultatīvāks (comparative)
visrezultatīvākais (superlative)
rezultatīvi (adverb)
rezultatīvs (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
rezultatīvi (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
rezultatīva (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
rezultatīvas (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
rezultatīva (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
rezultatīvu (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
rezultatīvas (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
rezultatīvu (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
rezultatīvam (dative indefinite masculine singular)
rezultatīviem (dative indefinite masculine plural)
rezultatīvai (dative feminine indefinite singular)
rezultatīvām (dative feminine indefinite plural)
rezultatīvu (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
rezultatīvus (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
rezultatīvu (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
rezultatīvas (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
rezultatīvu (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
rezultatīviem (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
rezultatīvu (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
rezultatīvām (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
rezultatīvā (indefinite locative masculine singular)
rezultatīvos (indefinite locative masculine plural)
rezultatīvā (feminine indefinite locative singular)
rezultatīvās (feminine indefinite locative plural)

From rezultāts (“result”) + -īvs. Probably not derived as such in Latvian, but borrowed and adapted from other European languages.

mačs ritēja dramatiski: četras no sēšām šaha partijām beidzās rezultatīvi

the competition went dramatically: four of six chess matches ended successfully (i.e., without draws)

(sports, games) successful (having a result that is not a draw)


augļkopis

lv-noun

augļkopis m (2nd declension, feminine form: augļkope)

augļkope (feminine)
augļkopis (nominative singular)
augļkopji (nominative plural)
augļkopja (genitive singular)
augļkopju (genitive plural)
augļkopim (dative singular)
augļkopjiem (dative plural)
augļkopi (accusative singular)
augļkopjus (accusative plural)
augļkopi (instrumental singular)
augļkopjiem (instrumental plural)
augļkopī (locative singular)
augļkopjos (locative plural)
augļkopi (singular vocative)
augļkopji (plural vocative)

augļkopim jau ar koka iestādīšanas dienu jāsāk rūpēties par spēcīga stumbra izveidošanu, kā arī mizas un koksnes pasargāšanu no jebkādiem bojājumiem

from the day of the planting of the tree the fruit grower must start taking care of the formation of a strong trunk and of the protection of the bark and wood from any damage

skolas jaunie naturālisti ieguvuši čaklu augļkopju slavu: viņi no sēkliņām izaudzējuši vairāk nekā 3000 jaunu ābelīšu

the school's young naturalists had earned the fame of diligent fruit growers: from seeds, they had grown over 3000 new apple trees

(male) fruit grower (specialist in fruit growing)


augļkope

augļkope f (5th declension, masculine form: augļkopis)

augļkopis (masculine)
augļkope (nominative singular)
augļkopes (nominative plural)
augļkopes (genitive singular)
augļkopju (genitive plural)
augļkopei (dative singular)
augļkopēm (dative plural)
augļkopi (accusative singular)
augļkopes (accusative plural)
augļkopi (instrumental singular)
augļkopēm (instrumental plural)
augļkopē (locative singular)
augļkopēs (locative plural)
augļkope (singular vocative)
augļkopes (plural vocative)

From augļkopis (“fruit grower”) + -e (“fem.”).

suffix

bordo šķīdumu, kas arī ir vara preparāts, iesaka pat Māra Kilēvica, zvērināta augļkope, kas iestājas pret ķīmiju!

the deep red solution, which is also a copper preparate, is recommended by Māra Kilēvica herself, a sworn fruit grower who is against chemistry!


augļkopība

augļkopība (nominative singular)
augļkopības (genitive singular)
augļkopībai (dative singular)
augļkopību (accusative singular)
augļkopību (instrumental singular)
augļkopībā (locative singular)
augļkopība (singular vocative)

From augļu (“fruit[gen.]”) + kopība (“community”) (with kopība from kopa (“group”) + -ība).

compound

augļkopības brigāde

augļkopības mehanizācija

Latvijas klimata un augsnes apstākļi ir piemēroti augļkopībai

the climate and soil conditions of Latvia are suitable for fruit production

fruit growing, cultivation, production; the science of fruit cultivation


vokāliste

lv-noun

vokāliste f (5th declension, masculine form: vokālists)

vokālists (masculine)
vokāliste (nominative singular)
vokālistes (nominative plural)
vokālistes (genitive singular)
vokālistu (genitive plural)
vokālistei (dative singular)
vokālistēm (dative plural)
vokālisti (accusative singular)
vokālistes (accusative plural)
vokālisti (instrumental singular)
vokālistēm (instrumental plural)
vokālistē (locative singular)
vokālistēs (locative plural)
vokāliste (singular vocative)
vokālistes (plural vocative)

From vokālists (“vocalist”) + -e (“fem.”).

vokāliste no Latvijas plūc laurus konkursā Igaunijā

a female vocalist from Latvia reaped the laurels (= won) in a contest in Estonia


vokālists

vokālists m (1st declension, feminine form: vokāliste)

vokāliste (feminine)
vokālists (nominative singular)
vokālisti (nominative plural)
vokālista (genitive singular)
vokālistu (genitive plural)
vokālistam (dative singular)
vokālistiem (dative plural)
vokālistu (accusative singular)
vokālistus (accusative plural)
vokālistu (instrumental singular)
vokālistiem (instrumental plural)
vokālistā (locative singular)
vokālistos (locative plural)
vokālist (singular vocative)
vokālisti (plural vocative)

From vokāls (“vocal”) + -ists. Probably not derived as such in Latvian, but borrowed and adapted from other European languages.

perspektīvs vokālists

piedalīties jauno vokālistu konkursā

to participate in the young vocalists contest

vai dzirdat, kā orķestris tiek savaldīts, kā salejas vienkopus ar vokālistiem?

do you hear how the orchestra is disciplined, how it pours itself all together with the vocalists


aizdusa

aizdusa (nominative singular)
aizdusas (genitive singular)
aizdusai (dative singular)
aizdusu (accusative singular)
aizdusu (instrumental singular)
aizdusā (locative singular)
aizdusa (singular vocative)

From aiz- + dusa (“sleep”), where the historical meaning of dusa as “breathing” is still visible.

aizdusas lēkme

an attack of shortness of breath, of dyspnea

slimot ar aizdusu

viņš jau ilgi cieš no aizdusas

he has long suffered from shortness of breath

Miķelsona kungs cīnījās pēc elpas... aizdusa viņam kā lietuvēns gūlās uz krūtīm; galva noslīga lejup

Mr Michelson fought for air... the shortness of breath like a little devil lay down on (his) chest; (his) head sank down

shortness of breath, dyspnea (difficult breathing)


dziesma

dziesma (nominative singular)
dziesmas (nominative plural)
dziesmas (genitive singular)
dziesmu (genitive plural)
dziesmai (dative singular)
dziesmām (dative plural)
dziesmu (accusative singular)
dziesmas (accusative plural)
dziesmu (instrumental singular)
dziesmām (instrumental plural)
dziesmā (locative singular)
dziesmās (locative plural)
dziesma (singular vocative)
dziesmas (plural vocative)

From the same stem as dziedāt (q.v.), i.e., either from an earlier verb *dziet, or directly from a stem like *gied-, with an extra -s + -ma. Cognates include Lithuanian giesmė̃ (“spiritual, solemn song”). A connection between dziesma and gaisma (“light”) has been suggested, given the similarity between their basic Proto-Indo-European stems (*gēy- “to sing, to call, to shout” and *gʰēy- “shiny, bright”) and the idea of saluting the dawn: an original verb *gēy-t(e)y may have meant both “to become light” and “to salute the light (by singing)” (cf. also gailis (“cock, rooster”), a word also possibly related to gaisma and dziesma).

cog

solo dziesma

kora dziesma

masu dziesma

liriski romantiska dziesma

šūpļa dziesma, šūpuļdziesma

dziesmas teksts

dziesmas melodija

tautas dziesma

dziesmu krājums

dziesmu svētki

dziesmu grāmata

dziesma bez vārdiem

song without lyrics (instrumental music)

klausīties lakstīgalas dziesmā

gaiļa dziesma

circeņa dziesma

(of birds, some insects) song (melodious sounds produced by the male to find and attract females)


tīrītājs

lv-noun

tīrītājs m (1st declension, feminine form: tīrītāja)

tīrītāja (feminine)
tīrītājs (nominative singular)
tīrītāji (nominative plural)
tīrītāja (genitive singular)
tīrītāju (genitive plural)
tīrītājam (dative singular)
tīrītājiem (dative plural)
tīrītāju (accusative singular)
tīrītājus (accusative plural)
tīrītāju (instrumental singular)
tīrītājiem (instrumental plural)
tīrītājā (locative singular)
tīrītājos (locative plural)
tīrītāj (singular vocative)
tīrītāji (plural vocative)

piena tīrītājs

sniega tīrītājs

cleaner (machine, instrument used for cleaning)


tīrītāja

tīrītāja f (4th declension, masculine form: tīrītājs)

tīrītājs (masculine)
tīrītāja (nominative singular)
tīrītājas (nominative plural)
tīrītājas (genitive singular)
tīrītāju (genitive plural)
tīrītājai (dative singular)
tīrītājām (dative plural)
tīrītāju (accusative singular)
tīrītājas (accusative plural)
tīrītāju (instrumental singular)
tīrītājām (instrumental plural)
tīrītājā (locative singular)
tīrītājās (locative plural)
tīrītāja (singular vocative)
tīrītājas (plural vocative)

From tīrīt (“to clean”) + -āja, or tīrītājs (“cleaner”) + -a (“fem.”).

dzīvokļa tīrītāja

(female) cleaner (woman who cleans, does cleaning)


ražotājs

ražotājs m (1st declension, feminine form: ražotāja)

ražotāja (feminine)
ražotājs (nominative singular)
ražotāji (nominative plural)
ražotāja (genitive singular)
ražotāju (genitive plural)
ražotājam (dative singular)
ražotājiem (dative plural)
ražotāju (accusative singular)
ražotājus (accusative plural)
ražotāju (instrumental singular)
ražotājiem (instrumental plural)
ražotājā (locative singular)
ražotājos (locative plural)
ražotāj (singular vocative)
ražotāji (plural vocative)

(male) producer (a man who produces, makes something)


ražotāja

ražotāja f (4th declension, masculine form: ražotājs)

ražotājs (masculine)
ražotāja (nominative singular)
ražotājas (nominative plural)
ražotājas (genitive singular)
ražotāju (genitive plural)
ražotājai (dative singular)
ražotājām (dative plural)
ražotāju (accusative singular)
ražotājas (accusative plural)
ražotāju (instrumental singular)
ražotājām (instrumental plural)
ražotājā (locative singular)
ražotājās (locative plural)
ražotāja (singular vocative)
ražotājas (plural vocative)

From ražot (“to produce”) + -āja, or ražotājs (“producer”) + -a (“fem.”).

(female) producer (a woman who produces, makes something)


kauns

kauns (nominative singular)
kauna (genitive singular)
kaunam (dative singular)
kaunu (accusative singular)
kaunu (instrumental singular)
kaunā (locative singular)
kaun (singular vocative)

From Proto-Baltic *kaunas, from Proto-Indo-European *kau-no-s, from the stem *kaw- (“to humiliate”), which may be related to *kew- (“to bend, to bow”). Cognates include Lithuanian kūvė́ties (“to feel ashamed”), Gothic 𐌷𐌰𐌿𐌽𐍃 (hauns, “low, depressed”), Old High German hōnida (“shame, dishonor”), German Hohn (“mocking”), Ancient Greek καυνός (kaunós, “bad, ugly”).

cog

kauns rādīt asaras

kauns lūgt palīdzību

kauns par netīro apģērbu

ashamed (lit. shame) of (one's) dirty clothes

kā tev nav kauna?

aren't you ashamed (lit. how have you no shame)?

vai tev nemaz nav kauna, Ines?

kauns rādīties (kādam) acīs

ashamed (lit. shame) to show oneself in front of (lit. in the eyes of) someone

es saprotu, tev kauns, ka man ir bērns no cita; tev ir bail, ka cilvēki varbūt smiesies

I understand, you are ashamed (lit. have shame) that I have a child from another (man); you are afraid that people will maybe laugh

shame (unpleasant feeling caused by a certain situation, or by (one's or someone else's) inappropriate action, behavior)


logaritmiskais lineāls

lv-noun

logaritmiskais lineāls m (1st declension)

logaritmiskais lineāls (nominative singular)
logaritmiskie lineāli (nominative plural)
logaritmiskā lineāla (genitive singular)
logaritmisko lineālu (genitive plural)
logaritmiskajam lineālam (dative singular)
logaritmiskajiem lineāliem (dative plural)
logaritmisko lineālu (accusative singular)
logaritmiskos lineālus (accusative plural)
logaritmisko lineālu (instrumental singular)
logaritmiskajiem lineāliem (instrumental plural)
logaritmiskajā lineālā (locative singular)
logaritmiskajos lineālos (locative plural)
logaritmisko lineāl (singular vocative)
logaritmiskais lineāl (singular vocative)
logaritmiskie lineāli (plural vocative)

logaritmiskais lineāls ir mehānisks analogais skaitļotājs

a slide rule is a mechanical analog calculator

slide rule (a simple calculating device consisting of three rulers with logarithmic scales to facilitate multiplication and division)


lineāls

lineāls (nominative singular)
lineāli (nominative plural)
lineāla (genitive singular)
lineālu (genitive plural)
lineālam (dative singular)
lineāliem (dative plural)
lineālu (accusative singular)
lineālus (accusative plural)
lineālu (instrumental singular)
lineāliem (instrumental plural)
lineālā (locative singular)
lineālos (locative plural)
lineāl (singular vocative)
lineāli (plural vocative)

Probably borrowed from German Lineal (“ruler”).

trīsstūra lineāls

mēroga lineāls

logaritmiskais lineāls

taisns kā lineāls

straight as a ruler (i.e., completely straight)

stūrmanis strādā ar lineālu, cirkuli un zīmuli, atzīmēdams kartē taisnāko ceļu no Kurzemes līdz zviedru krastiem

the helmsman works with ruler, compass and pencil, drawing on the map the straightest path from Courland to the Swedish coast

ruler (flat, straight instrument for measuring or drawing, usually labeled with a length scale)


logaritmisks

head

logaritmisks (definite logaritmiskais, adverb logaritmiski)

logaritmiskais (definite)
logaritmiski (adverb)
logaritmisks (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
logaritmiski (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
logaritmiska (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
logaritmiskas (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
logaritmiska (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
logaritmisku (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
logaritmiskas (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
logaritmisku (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
logaritmiskam (dative indefinite masculine singular)
logaritmiskiem (dative indefinite masculine plural)
logaritmiskai (dative feminine indefinite singular)
logaritmiskām (dative feminine indefinite plural)
logaritmisku (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
logaritmiskus (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
logaritmisku (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
logaritmiskas (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
logaritmisku (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
logaritmiskiem (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
logaritmisku (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
logaritmiskām (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
logaritmiskā (indefinite locative masculine singular)
logaritmiskos (indefinite locative masculine plural)
logaritmiskā (feminine indefinite locative singular)
logaritmiskās (feminine indefinite locative plural)

From logaritms (“logarithm”) + -isks. Probably not derived as such in Latvian, but borrowed and adapted from other European languages.

logaritmiskā funkcija

logaritmiskā skala

logaritmiskie vienādojumi

logaritmiskais lineāls

(mathematics) logarithmic (relating to logarithms)


kalkulators

lv-noun

kalkulators m (1st declension, feminine form: kalkulatore)

kalkulatore (feminine)
kalkulators (nominative singular)
kalkulatori (nominative plural)
kalkulatora (genitive singular)
kalkulatoru (genitive plural)
kalkulatoram (dative singular)
kalkulatoriem (dative plural)
kalkulatoru (accusative singular)
kalkulatorus (accusative plural)
kalkulatoru (instrumental singular)
kalkulatoriem (instrumental plural)
kalkulatorā (locative singular)
kalkulatoros (locative plural)
kalkulator (singular vocative)
kalkulatori (plural vocative)

A borrowing from other European languages, possibly originally English calculator.

biju grāmatvedis kādā noliktavā... pēc tam beidzu kalkulatoru kursus

I was a bookkeeper in a store... after that I finished a calculator's course

(dated sense, mostly historical) (male) calculator, computer (a man whose work it is to perform mathematical calculations and computations)

elektroniskie kalkulatori izveidoti uz integrālo shēmu bāzes

electronic calculators are designed on the basis of integrated circuits

calculator (a mechanical or electronic device that performs mathematical calculations)


kalkulatore

kalkulatore (nominative singular)
kalkulatores (nominative plural)
kalkulatores (genitive singular)
kalkulatoru (genitive plural)
kalkulatorei (dative singular)
kalkulatorēm (dative plural)
kalkulatori (accusative singular)
kalkulatores (accusative plural)
kalkulatori (instrumental singular)
kalkulatorēm (instrumental plural)
kalkulatorē (locative singular)
kalkulatorēs (locative plural)
kalkulatore (singular vocative)
kalkulatores (plural vocative)

From kalkulators (“calculator”) + -e (“fem.”).

suffix

sākumā Zaiga bija kalkulatore, tad - dispečere

first Zaiga was a calculator, then (later) a controller

(dated sense, mostly historical) (female) calculator (a woman whose work it is to perform mathematical calculations and computations)


spalgs

head

spalgs (definite spalgais, comparative spalgāks, superlative visspalgākais, adverb spalgi)

spalgais (definite)
spalgāks (comparative)
visspalgākais (superlative)
spalgi (adverb)
spalgs (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
spalgi (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
spalga (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
spalgas (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
spalga (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
spalgu (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
spalgas (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
spalgu (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
spalgam (dative indefinite masculine singular)
spalgiem (dative indefinite masculine plural)
spalgai (dative feminine indefinite singular)
spalgām (dative feminine indefinite plural)
spalgu (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
spalgus (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
spalgu (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
spalgas (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
spalgu (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
spalgiem (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
spalgu (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
spalgām (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
spalgā (indefinite locative masculine singular)
spalgos (indefinite locative masculine plural)
spalgā (feminine indefinite locative singular)
spalgās (feminine indefinite locative plural)

From a variant *spalg- of Proto-Baltic *spelg-, *spilg-, *spulg- (whence also spilgts), from Proto-Indo-European *pel-, *spel-, *spʰel- (“to shine”) with an extra g. The original meaning was, as that of its cognates spilgts and spulgs, “bright, shiny,” from which it metaphorically evolved into “very loud, sharp.” Cognates include Lithuanian spal̃gė, spal̃gena, spal̃genas (“cranberry”) (< “bright, shiny berry”)

kliegt, runāt spalgā balsī

spalgs svilpiens

spalgs tālruņa zvans

spalga sirēna

atskanēja spalgs šāviens

(of sounds) (very) loud, sharp, shrill, piercing, strident, high-pitched


spožs

spožs (definite spožais, comparative spožāks, superlative visspožākais, adverb spoži)

spožais (definite)
spožāks (comparative)
visspožākais (superlative)
spoži (adverb)
spožs (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
spoži (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
spoža (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
spožas (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
spoža (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
spožu (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
spožas (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
spožu (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
spožam (dative indefinite masculine singular)
spožiem (dative indefinite masculine plural)
spožai (dative feminine indefinite singular)
spožām (dative feminine indefinite plural)
spožu (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
spožus (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
spožu (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
spožas (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
spožu (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
spožiem (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
spožu (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
spožām (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
spožā (indefinite locative masculine singular)
spožos (indefinite locative masculine plural)
spožā (feminine indefinite locative singular)
spožās (feminine indefinite locative plural)

From the same source as spodrs (“shiny”) (q.v.), of which it was originally a variant, from Proto-Baltic *spand-, an ablaut variant of *spind-, from an earlier *spīd-, apparently borrowed from Iranian. From parallel u- and yo-stem forms, spodrs and spožs were formed.

spožs mākslinieks

spožs talants

spožas zināšanas

spoža uzvara

spoži sasniegumi

gūt spožus panākumus sacensībās

to obtain brilliant results (lit. successes) in competitions

Rainis ir un paliek pati dziļākā, spožākā, daudzkrāsainākā personība mūsu tautā

Rainis is and remains the deepest, brightest, most colorful personality in our people

Pēterburga bija viens no spožākajiem sava laika pasaules mākslas centriem

Saint Petersburg was one of the brightest world art centers of its time

(figuratively, of people, their qualities, actions) remarkable, outstanding, brilliant

their qualities; actions; their qualities; actions


spīdīgs

spīdīgs (definite spīdīgais, comparative spīdīgāks, superlative visspīdīgākais, adverb spīdīgi)

spīdīgais (definite)
spīdīgāks (comparative)
visspīdīgākais (superlative)
spīdīgi (adverb)
spīdīgs (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
spīdīgi (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
spīdīga (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
spīdīgas (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
spīdīga (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
spīdīgu (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
spīdīgas (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
spīdīgu (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
spīdīgam (dative indefinite masculine singular)
spīdīgiem (dative indefinite masculine plural)
spīdīgai (dative feminine indefinite singular)
spīdīgām (dative feminine indefinite plural)
spīdīgu (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
spīdīgus (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
spīdīgu (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
spīdīgas (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
spīdīgu (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
spīdīgiem (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
spīdīgu (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
spīdīgām (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
spīdīgā (indefinite locative masculine singular)
spīdīgos (indefinite locative masculine plural)
spīdīgā (feminine indefinite locative singular)
spīdīgās (feminine indefinite locative plural)

spīdīgas dzirksteles

spīdīgi auskari

spīdīgas pogas

spīdīgais zīds

sejas āda kļuvusi spīdīga

the facial skin became shiny, glossy (i.e., greasy)

viņš ir spēcīgs, bārdains večuks, ar tumšām, spīdīgām acīm, kas mazliet apsarkušas no raudāšanas

he is a strong, bearded old man, with dark, shiny eyes a little reddened from crying

shining, shiny, glossy, lustrous (which shines, has a shine)


spuldze

spuldze (nominative singular)
spuldzes (nominative plural)
spuldzes (genitive singular)
spuldžu (genitive plural)
spuldzei (dative singular)
spuldzēm (dative plural)
spuldzi (accusative singular)
spuldzes (accusative plural)
spuldzi (instrumental singular)
spuldzēm (instrumental plural)
spuldzē (locative singular)
spuldzēs (locative plural)
spuldze (singular vocative)
spuldzes (plural vocative)

Coined in the 1930s, from the same stem as spulgs (“bright”) (q.v.; made into a feminine 5th-declension stem with the ending -e): Proto-Baltic *spelg-, *spilg-, *spulg-, from Proto-Indo-European *pel-, *spel-, *spʰel- (“to shine”) with an extra g.

elektriskā spuldze

neona spuldze

sešdesmit vatu spuldze

dienasgaismas spuldze

dzīvsudraba spuldze

spuldze deg spoži

spuldzes spilgtums

Meitene pastiepa roku un iededza spuldzi

the girl stretched her arm and turned on the light

Helga apsēdās un iededza galda lampu... spuldze bija vāja, abažūrs slāpēja gaismu

Helga sat down and turned on the table lamp on... the bulb was weak, the lampshade stifled the light

light bulb, lamp (artificial light source based on the heating of a filament, or also of gas, vapors, inside a glass container)


spulgs

spulgs (definite spulgais, comparative spulgāks, superlative visspulgākais, adverb spulgi)

spulgais (definite)
spulgāks (comparative)
visspulgākais (superlative)
spulgi (adverb)
spulgs (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
spulgi (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
spulga (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
spulgas (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
spulga (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
spulgu (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
spulgas (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
spulgu (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
spulgam (dative indefinite masculine singular)
spulgiem (dative indefinite masculine plural)
spulgai (dative feminine indefinite singular)
spulgām (dative feminine indefinite plural)
spulgu (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
spulgus (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
spulgu (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
spulgas (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
spulgu (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
spulgiem (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
spulgu (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
spulgām (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
spulgā (indefinite locative masculine singular)
spulgos (indefinite locative masculine plural)
spulgā (feminine indefinite locative singular)
spulgās (feminine indefinite locative plural)

From earlier *spulgts, the past participle of an old (still dialectally attested) verb spulgt (“to shine”), from Proto-Baltic *spelg-, *spilg-, *spulg- (whence also spilgts), from Proto-Indo-European *pel-, *spel-, *spʰel- (“to shine”) with an extra g. Cognates include Sanskrit स्फुलिङ्ग (sphuliṅga, “spark”) (< *spʰ(e)li-).

spulgas zvaigznes

spulga uguns

spulgs rīts

spulga un kvēla saule kaist debesīs

atausa spulgā rīta gaisma un daba modās dzīvei

the bright morning light dawned and nature woke up to life

(of light, light sources) bright, clear, shining (which emits clear, crisp light)

spulgs ezers

spulgs diamants

kūtī stāvēja brūns teliņš un spulgām acīm skatījās no telpas pustumsas

in the barn a little brown calf stood and looked with bright eyes from the semi-darkness of the room

pagriezusi galvu uz durvju pusi, viņa paskatījās manī spulgu, priecīgu skatienu

turning (her) head towards the door, she looked at me with a bright, happy look

iestājās klusums, kurā Ausmas plaksti bija nolaisti, un tādēļ Kārlis neredzēja spulgo mirdzumu viņas acīs

there was a silence during which Ausma's eyelids were lowerd, and so Kārlis did not see the bright glow in her eyes

(of other objects) bright, clear, shining (which reflects clear, crisp light)


spilgts

spilgts (definite spilgtais, comparative spilgtāks, superlative visspilgtākais, adverb spilgti)

spilgtais (definite)
spilgtāks (comparative)
visspilgtākais (superlative)
spilgti (adverb)
spilgts (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
spilgti (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
spilgta (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
spilgtas (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
spilgta (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
spilgtu (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
spilgtas (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
spilgtu (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
spilgtam (dative indefinite masculine singular)
spilgtiem (dative indefinite masculine plural)
spilgtai (dative feminine indefinite singular)
spilgtām (dative feminine indefinite plural)
spilgtu (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
spilgtus (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
spilgtu (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
spilgtas (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
spilgtu (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
spilgtiem (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
spilgtu (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
spilgtām (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
spilgtā (indefinite locative masculine singular)
spilgtos (indefinite locative masculine plural)
spilgtā (feminine indefinite locative singular)
spilgtās (feminine indefinite locative plural)

Originally the past participle of an old (still dialectally attested) verb spilgt (“to shine”), from Proto-Baltic *spelg-, *spilg-, *spulg- (whence also spulgs), from Proto-Indo-European *pel-, *spel-, *spʰel- (“to shine”) with an extra g. Cognates include Low German flink (“bright, shining; fast”) (cf. German flink (“quick, nimble”)).

cog

spilgta gaisma

spilgta uguns, liesma

spilgts zibens

spilgta saule

lielās dzīvsudraba spuldzes ir tik spilgtas, ka kož acīs

the big mercury lamps are so bright that they hurt (lit. bite in) the eyes

(of light, light sources) bright (very strong; which emits strong light)

spilgts audums

puisis apstājas pie apaļās cīniju dobes un vēro spilgtos ziedus

the young man stopped by the round zinnia beds and watched the bright, shiny flowers

varde tupēja man uz plaukstas: mikla, vēsa un tik neparasti spilgta, it kā glumo ādu būtu apgleznojusi ekspresionista ota

the frog sat on the palm of my hand: soft, cool and unusually bright, shiny, as if its smooth, slippery skin had been painted with an expressionist brush

(of other objects) bright, shiny (which reflects light strongly)

bet vējš tik skaļiem smiekliem pasmejas... līdz smejas kaivas spilgtiem kliedzieniem

but the wind laughs with such loud laughs... (and) with the laughs (also) a seagull's sharp, loud squawks

(dated sense, of sounds; now usually spalgs) very loud, strong

dated sense; now usually spalgs; dated sense; now usually spalgs


spulga

spulga (nominative singular)
spulgas (nominative plural)
spulgas (genitive singular)
spulgu (genitive plural)
spulgai (dative singular)
spulgām (dative plural)
spulgu (accusative singular)
spulgas (accusative plural)
spulgu (instrumental singular)
spulgām (instrumental plural)
spulgā (locative singular)
spulgās (locative plural)
spulga (singular vocative)
spulgas (plural vocative)

From the same stem as the adjective spulgs (“bright”), made into a fourth-declension feminine noun (ending -a).

zvaigžņu spulga

cilvēki iet, saulrieta spulga tos apņem

people go, (and) the sunset brightness surrounds them

shine, brightness (the quality of that which is bright)


ķemmēt

head

ķemmēt (transitive, 2nd conjugation, present ķemmēju, ķemmē, ķemmē, past ķemmēju)

conjugation (second-person)
ķemmēju (present)
ķemmē (present)
ķemmēju (past)
ķemmēju (first-person indicative present singular)
ķemmēju (first-person indicative past singular)
ķemmēšu (first-person future indicative singular)
ķemmē (indicative present second-person singular)
ķemmēji (indicative past second-person singular)
ķemmēsi (future indicative second-person singular)
ķemmē (imperative second-person singular)
ķemmē (indicative present singular third-person)
ķemmēja (indicative past singular third-person)
ķemmēs (future indicative singular third-person)
lai ķemmē (imperative singular third-person)
ķemmējam (first-person indicative plural present)
ķemmējām (first-person indicative past plural)
ķemmēsim (first-person future indicative plural)
ķemmēsim (first-person imperative plural)
ķemmējat (indicative plural present second-person)
ķemmējāt (indicative past plural second-person)
ķemmēsiet (future indicative plural second-person)
ķemmēsit (future indicative plural second-person)
ķemmējiet (imperative plural second-person)
ķemmē (indicative plural present third-person)
ķemmēja (indicative past plural third-person)
ķemmēs (future indicative plural third-person)
lai ķemmē (imperative plural third-person)
ķemmējot (present renarrative)
ķemmējošs (active adjectival participle participle-1 present)
esot ķemmējis (past renarrative)
ķemmēdams (active adverbial participle participle-2 present)
ķemmēšot (future renarrative)
ķemmējot (active adverbial participle participle-3 present)
lai ķemmējot (imperative)
ķemmējam (active participle participle-4 present)
ķemmējis (active participle past)
ķemmētu (conditional present)
ķemmējams (participle passive present)
būtu ķemmējis (conditional past)
ķemmēts (participle passive past)
jāķemmē (debitive indicative)
būt jāķemmē (debitive indicative)
ķemmēt (infinitive)
esot jāķemmē (conjunctive conjunctive-1 debitive)
neķemmēt (infinitive negative)
jāķemmējot (conjunctive conjunctive-2 debitive)
ķemmēšana (noun-from-verb)

From ķemmē (“comb”), a borrowing from Low German, made into a second conjugation verb stem (ending -ēt). Alternatively, it may be a direct borrowing from Middle Low German [Term?] (cf. German kämmen (“to comb”)). First mentioned in 17th-century sources.

ķemmēt matus

ķemmēt pie spoguļa matus

kandidāts bija nedaudz pāri labākajiem gadiem, vairākas dienas neķemmētiem pelēkiem matiem

the nominee was a little over his better years, with hair many days uncombed

(of people's hair) to comb (to smooth with a comb)

ķemmēt suni

ķemmēt zirgam krēpes

(of animal hair, fur) to comb (to smooth, also to clean, with a comb)

fašisti gatavojās ķemmēt mežu

the fascists are preparing to comb the forest

ciemā jau iet žandarmu ķēde, ķemmēdama māju pēc mājas; meklē vīriešus

in the village a chain (= group) of gendarmes is going (around), combing house after house; they are looking for (certain) men

(colloquial, especially military) to comb (to search thoroughly)


sukāt

sukāt (transitive, 2nd conjugation, present sukāju, sukā, sukā, past sukāju)

conjugation (second-person)
sukāju (present)
sukā (present)
sukāju (past)
sukāju (first-person indicative present singular)
sukāju (first-person indicative past singular)
sukāšu (first-person future indicative singular)
sukā (indicative present second-person singular)
sukāji (indicative past second-person singular)
sukāsi (future indicative second-person singular)
sukā (imperative second-person singular)
sukā (indicative present singular third-person)
sukāja (indicative past singular third-person)
sukās (future indicative singular third-person)
lai sukā (imperative singular third-person)
sukājam (first-person indicative plural present)
sukājām (first-person indicative past plural)
sukāsim (first-person future indicative plural)
sukāsim (first-person imperative plural)
sukājat (indicative plural present second-person)
sukājāt (indicative past plural second-person)
sukāsiet (future indicative plural second-person)
sukāsit (future indicative plural second-person)
sukājiet (imperative plural second-person)
sukā (indicative plural present third-person)
sukāja (indicative past plural third-person)
sukās (future indicative plural third-person)
lai sukā (imperative plural third-person)
sukājot (present renarrative)
sukājošs (active adjectival participle participle-1 present)
esot sukājis (past renarrative)
sukādams (active adverbial participle participle-2 present)
sukāšot (future renarrative)
sukājot (active adverbial participle participle-3 present)
lai sukājot (imperative)
sukājam (active participle participle-4 present)
sukājis (active participle past)
sukātu (conditional present)
sukājams (participle passive present)
būtu sukājis (conditional past)
sukāts (participle passive past)
jāsukā (debitive indicative)
būt jāsukā (debitive indicative)
sukāt (infinitive)
esot jāsukā (conjunctive conjunctive-1 debitive)
nesukāt (infinitive negative)
jāsukājot (conjunctive conjunctive-2 debitive)
sukāšana (noun-from-verb)

From the same stem as suka (“brush”) (q.v.), made into a second conjugation verb stem (ending -āt).

tur būs labs gabals ko sukāt

there will be a lot (of distance) to run (lit. to brush) there

līdz tilta viņam galam ir krietni ko sukāt

to the bridge he really had a lot (of distance) to run (lit. to brush)

sukājām kājām pa šoseju

we ran (lit. brushed) on foot on the road


spilgtums

spilgtums (nominative singular)
spilgtuma (genitive singular)
spilgtumam (dative singular)
spilgtumu (accusative singular)
spilgtumu (instrumental singular)
spilgtumā (locative singular)
spilgtum (singular vocative)

gaismas spilgtums

spuldzes spilgtums

spilgtuma kanāls krāsu televizoram sastāv no trim lampu kaskādēm...

the brightness channel in color TV consists of three lamp cascades...

(physics, of lights, light sources) brightness (the subjective perception of the intensity per unit of area of a source of light)


spožums

spožums (nominative singular)
spožuma (genitive singular)
spožumam (dative singular)
spožumu (accusative singular)
spožumu (instrumental singular)
spožumā (locative singular)
spožum (singular vocative)

spuldzes spožums

saules spožums

lai salīdzinātu... dažādus gaismas avotus pēc to gaismas stipruma un spožuma, jāveic fotometriskie mērījumi

in order to compare... various light sources according to light intensity and brightness, one must use photometric measurements


slaukt

slaukt (transitive, 1st conjugation, present slaucu, slauc, slauc, past slaucu)

conjugation (first-person)
slaucu (present)
slauc (present)
slaucu (past)
slaucu (first-person indicative present singular)
slaucu (first-person indicative past singular)
slaukšu (first-person future indicative singular)
slauc (indicative present second-person singular)
slauci (indicative past second-person singular)
slauksi (future indicative second-person singular)
slauc (imperative second-person singular)
slauc (indicative present singular third-person)
slauca (indicative past singular third-person)
slauks (future indicative singular third-person)
lai slauc (imperative singular third-person)
slaucam (first-person indicative plural present)
slaucām (first-person indicative past plural)
slauksim (first-person future indicative plural)
slauksim (first-person imperative plural)
slaucat (indicative plural present second-person)
slaucāt (indicative past plural second-person)
slauksiet (future indicative plural second-person)
slauksit (future indicative plural second-person)
slauciet (imperative plural second-person)
slauc (indicative plural present third-person)
slauca (indicative past plural third-person)
slauks (future indicative plural third-person)
lai slauc (imperative plural third-person)
slaucot (present renarrative)
slaucošs (active adjectival participle participle-1 present)
esot slaucis (past renarrative)
slaukdams (active adverbial participle participle-2 present)
slaukšot (future renarrative)
slaucot (active adverbial participle participle-3 present)
lai slaucot (imperative)
slaucam (active participle participle-4 present)
slaucis (active participle past)
slauktu (conditional present)
slaucams (participle passive present)
būtu slaucis (conditional past)
slaukts (participle passive past)
jāslauc (debitive indicative)
būt jāslauc (debitive indicative)
slaukt (infinitive)
esot jāslauc (conjunctive conjunctive-1 debitive)
neslaukt (infinitive negative)
jāslaucot (conjunctive conjunctive-2 debitive)
slaukšana (noun-from-verb)

From the same stem as šļūkt (“to slide; to drag one's feet”), in a different ablaut grade: Proto-Baltic *slyauk-, *slauk-, from Proto-Indo-European *slewk-, *slowk- (“to slide”). (Some researchers derived it from Proto-Indo-European *ḱlew- ~ *ḱlōw- ~ *ḱlū- "to clean, to rinse.") The original meaning was “to slide, to drag, to wipe,” initially used to refer to the motion of the hands while milking. Cognates include Lithuanian sliaũkti (“to crawl; to slide; to cast off, to make slide; to wipe; to flow slowly”)

cog

slaukt govis, kazas

slaukt govis trīs reizes dienā

slaukt ar rokām

slaukt ar elektrisko slaukšanas aparātu

to milk with an electric milking machine

māte kūtī ar novēlošanos slauca govis, lai tad, kad no meža atnāks Kārlis, piens vēl būtu silts

mother late in the barn was milking the cows, so that, when Kārlis comes back from the forest, the milk would still be warm

“jāiet slaukt, varbūt naksi līdzi?...”, māte aicina, vilkdama kūts halātu un lūkodama piena traukus

“it's time to milk, maybe you'll come along?...” mother invited, putting on her barn clothes and looking at the milk containers

ārā vēl bija gaišs, kad Kažmuru Lonija iegāja kūti slaukt vakara pienu

there was still light when Lonija Kažmuri went into the barn to milk the night milk

to milk (to press milk out of a cow's udders)


spalgums

spalgums (nominative singular)
spalguma (genitive singular)
spalgumam (dative singular)
spalgumu (accusative singular)
spalgumu (instrumental singular)
spalgumā (locative singular)
spalgum (singular vocative)

From spalgs (“shrill, sharp, piercing”) + -ums.

suffix

zvana spalgums

balss spalgums

(of sounds) shrillness, reediness (the quality of that which is shrill, reedy, sharp, piercing, high-pitched)


seglinieks

lv-noun

seglinieks m (1st declension, feminine form: segliniece)

segliniece (feminine)
seglinieks (nominative singular)
seglinieki (nominative plural)
seglinieka (genitive singular)
seglinieku (genitive plural)
segliniekam (dative singular)
segliniekiem (dative plural)
seglinieku (accusative singular)
segliniekus (accusative plural)
seglinieku (instrumental singular)
segliniekiem (instrumental plural)
segliniekā (locative singular)
segliniekos (locative plural)
segliniek (singular vocative)
seglinieki (plural vocative)

seglinieku darbnīca

šis bija pusmūža cilvēks, pēc sava amata seglinieks

this was a middle-aged person (= man), by profession a saddler

(male) saddler (a man who makes saddles, harnesses, etc.)


segliniece

segliniece f (5th declension, masculine form: seglinieks)

seglinieks (masculine)
segliniece (nominative singular)
seglinieces (nominative plural)
seglinieces (genitive singular)
seglinieču (genitive plural)
segliniecei (dative singular)
segliniecēm (dative plural)
seglinieci (accusative singular)
seglinieces (accusative plural)
seglinieci (instrumental singular)
segliniecēm (instrumental plural)
segliniecē (locative singular)
segliniecēs (locative plural)
segliniece (singular vocative)
seglinieces (plural vocative)

From segli (“saddle”) + -niece, or seglinieks (“saddler”) + -e (“fem.”) (the latter with palatalization of k to c).


šķīstība

šķīstība (nominative singular)
šķīstības (genitive singular)
šķīstībai (dative singular)
šķīstību (accusative singular)
šķīstību (instrumental singular)
šķīstībā (locative singular)
šķīstība (singular vocative)

From šķīsts (“pure, virtuous, chaste”) + -ība.

suffix

mans tēvs bija uzaudzināts dziļi dievbijīgā ģimenē, kur pie galda patiesi vispirms noskaitījuši lūgšanu, dziedājuši baznīcas dziesmas sirdsskaidrā atdevībā reliģijas šķīstībai

my father had been brought up in a deeply religious family, in which one recited a prayer at the table (and) sang hymns to religious purity with sincere devotion

(religion) purity (the state of one who is without sin)


šķīstums

šķīstums (nominative singular)
šķīstuma (genitive singular)
šķīstumam (dative singular)
šķīstumu (accusative singular)
šķīstumu (instrumental singular)
šķīstumā (locative singular)
šķīstum (singular vocative)

From šķīsts (“pure, virtuous, chaste”) + -ums.

Kad pirmajā ainā Dons Zuans pamanīja skumjo, melni tērpto sievietes stāvu, viņa iztēle radīja debesu šķīstuma un ideāla skaistuma tēlu

when in the first scene Dons Zuans (= Don Giovanni, Don Juan) noticed the sad female figure dressed in dark (clothes), his imagination created a character of heavenly purity and ideal beauty


zvejot

head

zvejot (transitive, 2nd conjugation, present zvejoju, zvejo, zvejo, past zvejoju)

conjugation (second-person)
zvejoju (present)
zvejo (present)
zvejoju (past)
zvejoju (first-person indicative present singular)
zvejoju (first-person indicative past singular)
zvejošu (first-person future indicative singular)
zvejo (indicative present second-person singular)
zvejoji (indicative past second-person singular)
zvejosi (future indicative second-person singular)
zvejo (imperative second-person singular)
zvejo (indicative present singular third-person)
zvejoja (indicative past singular third-person)
zvejos (future indicative singular third-person)
lai zvejo (imperative singular third-person)
zvejojam (first-person indicative plural present)
zvejojām (first-person indicative past plural)
zvejosim (first-person future indicative plural)
zvejosim (first-person imperative plural)
zvejojat (indicative plural present second-person)
zvejojāt (indicative past plural second-person)
zvejosiet (future indicative plural second-person)
zvejosit (future indicative plural second-person)
zvejojiet (imperative plural second-person)
zvejo (indicative plural present third-person)
zvejoja (indicative past plural third-person)
zvejos (future indicative plural third-person)
lai zvejo (imperative plural third-person)
zvejojot (present renarrative)
zvejojošs (active adjectival participle participle-1 present)
esot zvejojis (past renarrative)
zvejodams (active adverbial participle participle-2 present)
zvejošot (future renarrative)
zvejojot (active adverbial participle participle-3 present)
lai zvejojot (imperative)
zvejojam (active participle participle-4 present)
zvejojis (active participle past)
zvejotu (conditional present)
zvejojams (participle passive present)
būtu zvejojis (conditional past)
zvejots (participle passive past)
jāzvejo (debitive indicative)
būt jāzvejo (debitive indicative)
zvejot (infinitive)
esot jāzvejo (conjunctive conjunctive-1 debitive)
nezvejot (infinitive negative)
jāzvejojot (conjunctive conjunctive-2 debitive)
zvejošana (noun-from-verb)

From the same Proto-Baltic stem *žuw- as zveja (“fishing”), made into a second conjugation verb (ending -ot). It probably replaced an earlier verb *žūt, directly derived from *žuw-; cf. Lithuanian žvejoti (“to fish”).

zvejot jūrā, ezerā, upē

to fish in the sea, in a lake, in a river

te mēs ar tīklu jedām zvejojām stores

there we fished sturgeon with a fishing net

literatūrā ir norādes, ka arī Latvijā kādreiz zvejotas pērles

in the literature there are indications that also in Latvia pearls were once hunted (lit. fished)

to fish (to catch fish or other maritime animals (or also other maritime objects), with fishing tools, e.g., net, fishing rod, etc.)


smaids

smaids (nominative singular)
smaidi (nominative plural)
smaida (genitive singular)
smaidu (genitive plural)
smaidam (dative singular)
smaidiem (dative plural)
smaidu (accusative singular)
smaidus (accusative plural)
smaidu (instrumental singular)
smaidiem (instrumental plural)
smaidā (locative singular)
smaidos (locative plural)
smaid (singular vocative)
smaidi (plural vocative)

From the same stem as the verb smaidīt (“to smile”) (q.v.), made into a first declension masculine noun (ending -s).

sirsnīgs smaids

labvēlīgs smaids

saulains smaids

savilkt lūpas smaidā

izspiest smaidu

to squeeze out a smile (to force oneself to smile)

tavs smaids tik skaists un nemirstošs

šim jaunajam bija labs smaids: silts un kautrīgs

this young one had a good smile: warm and shy

smile (facial expression, in which the ends of one's mouth are raised and the front teeth are shown, used to indicate happiness, cheerfulness, satisfaction, kindness, or pleasure)


smiekls

smiekls (nominative singular)
smiekli (nominative plural)
smiekla (genitive singular)
smieklu (genitive plural)
smieklam (dative singular)
smiekliem (dative plural)
smieklu (accusative singular)
smieklus (accusative plural)
smieklu (instrumental singular)
smiekliem (instrumental plural)
smieklā (locative singular)
smieklos (locative plural)
smiekl (singular vocative)
smiekli (plural vocative)

Apparently a parallel form to an older *smietl(a)s (“laugh, laughter”), derived from the verb smiet (“to laugh”) with an additional l.

priecīgi smiekli

labsirdīgi smiekli

skaļi smiekli

klusi smiekli

ļauni smiekli

valdīt smeklus

to control one's laugh (= to refrain from laughing)

izspiest smieklu

to squeeze out a laugh (= to make oneself laugh)

plīst no, aiz smiekliem

izplūst smieklos

to start laughing (lit. to exude in laughter)

viņas smiekli skanēja dzidri un gaiši

apkārt Andrim skan tik sirsnīgi smiekli, ka pilnīgi pret paša gribu arī Andris sāk smaidīt, un tad jau viņš skaļi smejas

around Andris there was such sincere, warm laughter, that wholly against his will Andris began to smile, and soon he was laughing loudly

(usually plural) laugh, laughter (rhythmic, relatively short vocal sound produced by humans to express mirth, joy, well-being, but also contempt, rejection)


smaidīt

smaidīt (intransitive, 3rd conjugation, present smaidu, smaidi, smaida, past smaidīju)

conjugation (third-person)
smaidu (present)
smaidi (present)
smaida (present)
smaidīju (past)
smaidu (first-person indicative present singular)
smaidīju (first-person indicative past singular)
smaidīšu (first-person future indicative singular)
smaidi (indicative present second-person singular)
smaidīji (indicative past second-person singular)
smaidīsi (future indicative second-person singular)
smaidi (imperative second-person singular)
smaida (indicative present singular third-person)
smaidīja (indicative past singular third-person)
smaidīs (future indicative singular third-person)
lai smaida (imperative singular third-person)
smaidām (first-person indicative plural present)
smaidījām (first-person indicative past plural)
smaidīsim (first-person future indicative plural)
smaidīsim (first-person imperative plural)
smaidāt (indicative plural present second-person)
smaidījāt (indicative past plural second-person)
smaidīsiet (future indicative plural second-person)
smaidīsit (future indicative plural second-person)
smaidiet (imperative plural second-person)
smaida (indicative plural present third-person)
smaidīja (indicative past plural third-person)
smaidīs (future indicative plural third-person)
lai smaida (imperative plural third-person)
smaidot (present renarrative)
smaidošs (active adjectival participle participle-1 present)
esot smaidījis (past renarrative)
smaidīdams (active adverbial participle participle-2 present)
smaidīšot (future renarrative)
smaidot (active adverbial participle participle-3 present)
lai smaidot (imperative)
smaidām (active participle participle-4 present)
smaidījis (active participle past)
smaidītu (conditional present)
smaidāms (participle passive present)
būtu smaidījis (conditional past)
smaidīts (participle passive past)
jāsmaida (debitive indicative)
būt jāsmaida (debitive indicative)
smaidīt (infinitive)
esot jāsmaida (conjunctive conjunctive-1 debitive)
nesmaidīt (infinitive negative)
jāsmaidot (conjunctive conjunctive-2 debitive)
smaidīšana (noun-from-verb)

From the verb smiet (“to laugh”) (q.v.), of which it was originally the iterative form (cf. skriet (“to run”), skraidīt (“to run around, several times”)), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *(s)mey-.

sirsnīgi smaidīt

mīļi smaidīt

smaidīt aiz laimes

smaidīt draugam

smaidīt caur asarām

to smile through tears (i.e., while crying)

Imants smaida kā pilns mēness

Imants smiles like a full moon (= with a broad smile)

Lūcija smaida savu silto un mīlīgo smaidu, kas dara viņas seju neparasti skaistu

Lūcija smiles her warm and kind smile, which made her face unusually beautiful

cilvēki smaida aiz prieka, aiz lepnuma, aiz pašapziņas, par jocīgu gadījumu

people smile with joy, with pride, with self-confidence, or because of a funny situation

paskaties, es jau esmu vecs, bet es arī smaidu

look, I am already old, but I also smile

to smile (to produce a smile, a facial expression with the ends of one's mouth raised and the teeth shown, in order to express happiness, cheerfulness, kindness, satisfaction, or pleasure)


smieklīgs

smieklīgs (definite smieklīgais, comparative smieklīgāks, superlative vissmieklīgākais, adverb smieklīgi)

smieklīgais (definite)
smieklīgāks (comparative)
vissmieklīgākais (superlative)
smieklīgi (adverb)
smieklīgs (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
smieklīgi (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
smieklīga (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
smieklīgas (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
smieklīga (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
smieklīgu (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
smieklīgas (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
smieklīgu (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
smieklīgam (dative indefinite masculine singular)
smieklīgiem (dative indefinite masculine plural)
smieklīgai (dative feminine indefinite singular)
smieklīgām (dative feminine indefinite plural)
smieklīgu (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
smieklīgus (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
smieklīgu (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
smieklīgas (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
smieklīgu (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
smieklīgiem (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
smieklīgu (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
smieklīgām (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
smieklīgā (indefinite locative masculine singular)
smieklīgos (indefinite locative masculine plural)
smieklīgā (feminine indefinite locative singular)
smieklīgās (feminine indefinite locative plural)

From smiekls (“laugh, laughter”) + -īgs.

smieklīgs atgadījums

smieklīgs piedzīvojums

smieklīga anekdote

tur nav nekā smieklīga

padarīt kādu smieklīgu

to make someone funny, to make fun of someone

funny, humorous, amusing (such that it causes laughter, cheerfulness)


smaidīgs

smaidīgs (definite smaidīgais, comparative smaidīgāks, superlative vissmaidīgākais, adverb smaidīgi)

smaidīgais (definite)
smaidīgāks (comparative)
vissmaidīgākais (superlative)
smaidīgi (adverb)
smaidīgs (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
smaidīgi (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
smaidīga (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
smaidīgas (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
smaidīga (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
smaidīgu (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
smaidīgas (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
smaidīgu (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
smaidīgam (dative indefinite masculine singular)
smaidīgiem (dative indefinite masculine plural)
smaidīgai (dative feminine indefinite singular)
smaidīgām (dative feminine indefinite plural)
smaidīgu (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
smaidīgus (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
smaidīgu (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
smaidīgas (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
smaidīgu (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
smaidīgiem (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
smaidīgu (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
smaidīgām (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
smaidīgā (indefinite locative masculine singular)
smaidīgos (indefinite locative masculine plural)
smaidīgā (feminine indefinite locative singular)
smaidīgās (feminine indefinite locative plural)

smaidīga meitene

viņa allaž bija jautra un smaidīga, katram zināja pateikt kādu labu vārdu

she was always nice and smiling, she knew how to say a nice word to everyone

kad Ilmārs beidzot atbrauca, Pēteris pāris dienu staigāja smaidīgs kā saulīte un runājās ar dēlu vienā gabalā

when Ilmārs finally came back, Pēteris went around for a couple of days smiling like a little sun and talked uninterruptedly with his son (= Ilmārs

smiling (one that is smiling; one that tends to smile often)


dzinums

dzinums (nominative singular)
dzinumi (nominative plural)
dzinuma (genitive singular)
dzinumu (genitive plural)
dzinumam (dative singular)
dzinumiem (dative plural)
dzinumu (accusative singular)
dzinumus (accusative plural)
dzinumu (instrumental singular)
dzinumiem (instrumental plural)
dzinumā (locative singular)
dzinumos (locative plural)
dzinum (singular vocative)
dzinumi (plural vocative)

From dzīt (past stem: dzin-) (“to drive; to shoot”) + -ums.

suffix

jauns dzinums

kartupeļu dzinumi

alveju dzinumi

virszemes dzinumi

apakšzemes dzinumi

egļu zaru galos maigā zaļumā vizēja šā gada mīkstie dzinumi

at the ends of the fir branches this year's soft shoots glistened in soft greenness

no Latvijas savvaļas rozēm izplatītākā ir rudā roze, ar rudi sarkaniem dzinumiem

among Latvia's wild roses the most widespread is the red rose, with brownish red shoots

(botany) sprout, shoot (budding growth typical of a certain time period)


adīt

head

adīt (transitive, 3rd conjugation, present adu, adi, ada, past adīju)

conjugation (third-person)
adu (present)
adi (present)
ada (present)
adīju (past)
adu (first-person indicative present singular)
adīju (first-person indicative past singular)
adīšu (first-person future indicative singular)
adi (indicative present second-person singular)
adīji (indicative past second-person singular)
adīsi (future indicative second-person singular)
adi (imperative second-person singular)
ada (indicative present singular third-person)
adīja (indicative past singular third-person)
adīs (future indicative singular third-person)
lai ada (imperative singular third-person)
adām (first-person indicative plural present)
adījām (first-person indicative past plural)
adīsim (first-person future indicative plural)
adīsim (first-person imperative plural)
adāt (indicative plural present second-person)
adījāt (indicative past plural second-person)
adīsiet (future indicative plural second-person)
adīsit (future indicative plural second-person)
adiet (imperative plural second-person)
ada (indicative plural present third-person)
adīja (indicative past plural third-person)
adīs (future indicative plural third-person)
lai ada (imperative plural third-person)
adot (present renarrative)
adošs (active adjectival participle participle-1 present)
esot adījis (past renarrative)
adīdams (active adverbial participle participle-2 present)
adīšot (future renarrative)
adot (active adverbial participle participle-3 present)
lai adot (imperative)
adām (active participle participle-4 present)
adījis (active participle past)
adītu (conditional present)
adāms (participle passive present)
būtu adījis (conditional past)
adīts (participle passive past)
jāada (debitive indicative)
būt jāada (debitive indicative)
adīt (infinitive)
esot jāada (conjunctive conjunctive-1 debitive)
neadīt (infinitive negative)
jāadot (conjunctive conjunctive-2 debitive)
adīšana (noun-from-verb)

Originally the iterative form of an older verb meaning “to prickle,” probably *ast, *est (on the model of vadīt, vest), from *ed-ti, *ad-ti, from Proto-Baltic *ad-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁edʰ-, *h₁odʰ- (“pointed, sharp”).

adīt džemperi

adīt rakstu

prast adīt

adīta jaka

Stine adīja zeķes un cimdus

Lavīze negulēja; sēdēja kaktā aiz skapja un adīja

Lavīze did not sleep; she sat in the corner behind the wardrobe and knitted

to knit (to make a fabric by forming thread loops and pulling them through each other with special needles)


smaidīgums

smaidīgums (nominative singular)
smaidīguma (genitive singular)
smaidīgumam (dative singular)
smaidīgumu (accusative singular)
smaidīgumu (instrumental singular)
smaidīgumā (locative singular)
smaidīgum (singular vocative)

From smaidīgs (“smiling”) + -ums (with smaidīgs from smaids (“smile”) + -īgs).

pelēkzilajās acīs pilnīgi izzudis jaunības gadu bezrūpīgais smaidīgums

from (his) grayish blue eyes the carefree smilingness of (his) youthful years (had) completely disappeared

smilingness (the state or quality of being smiling, of one who smiles often)


smieklīgums

smieklīgums (nominative singular)
smieklīguma (genitive singular)
smieklīgumam (dative singular)
smieklīgumu (accusative singular)
smieklīgumu (instrumental singular)
smieklīgumā (locative singular)
smieklīgum (singular vocative)

From smieklīgs (“funny, ridiculous”) + -ums (with smieklīgs from smiekls (“laugh, laughter”) + -īgs).

abi vecie strīdējušies līdz smieklīgumam

the two old pepole (had) argued to the point of humorousness, risibility

Valentīna ir līdz smieklīgumam stulba; viņas nejēdzīgās atbildes stundās izsauc klasē smieklu šaltis

Valentīna is stupid o the point of risibility, absurdity; her stupid answers caused bursts of laughter in class

funniness, humorousness (the quality of that which is funny, humorous)


ģints

ģints (nominative singular)
ģintis (nominative plural)
ģints (genitive singular)
ģinšu (genitive plural)
ģintij (dative singular)
ģintīm (dative plural)
ģinti (accusative singular)
ģintis (accusative plural)
ģinti (instrumental singular)
ģintīm (instrumental plural)
ģintī (locative singular)
ģintīs (locative plural)
ģints (singular vocative)
ģintis (plural vocative)

Traditionally considered borrowed from Lithuanian gentìs (“family, kin group, clan, tribe; relative”). But the Lithuanian form has en instead of in; in occurs only in some Eastern Lithuanian dialects. Also, in the 17th century, Latvian forms with in are attested in Semigallia (Zemgale), agreeing with the [in] in Old Prussian gyntos (“men, husbands”); it may therefore be that ģints was originally not a borrowing but an old Curonian word which later spread from Western Latvia to Semigallia. Note that older Semigallian dialects sometimes conserved initial ģ (> dz in standard Latvian): cf. place names like Ģintumi or Ģinuļi. If this is the case, then ģints, like Lithuanian gentìs, reflects Proto-Indo-European *ǵen- (< *ǵenh₁-) “to create,” “to give birth” (via an unaltered Proto-Baltic *gint-, where the initial g, instead of ž, results from either the influence of the related stem *gʷem-, whence also dzemdēt “to give birth,” or from conservative dialectal variants).

bor

patriarhālā ģints

ģints iekārta

ģints sabiedrība

familiar society (i.e., composed of families)

mātes ģints

maternal, matriarchal family (where descent goes through the mother's line)

tēvas ģints

paternal, patriarchal family (where descent goes through the father's line)

(history, anthropology) family, kin group, clan (a primitive unit of social organization, based on blood relations and lineage from a common ancestor)

dzimtas iedala ģintīs... zaķu dzimtā ir divas ģintis: trušu ģints un zaķu ġints

families are divided into genera... in the hare family (Leporidae) there are two genera: the rabbit genus (Oryctolagus) and the hare genus (Lepus)

zemeņu ģintī izšķiram dārza zemeņu, meža zemeņu un spradzeņu sugas

in the strawberry genus we distinguish the garden strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa), the woodland strawberry (Fragaria vesca) and the spradzene (Fragaria viridis) species

(biology, taxonomy) genus (a group of species)


lietavas

lietavas (nominative plural)
lietavu (genitive plural)
lietavām (dative plural)
lietavas (accusative plural)
lietavām (instrumental plural)
lietavās (locative plural)
lietavas (plural vocative)

lietavu laiks

rudens lietavas

apmēram 200 tūkstoši meksikāņu spiesti pamest savus mājokļus, lai glābtos no plūdiem... tos izraisījušas lietavas, kas ilga visu pagājušo nedēļu

about 200 thousand Mexicans were forced to flee their homes to save themselves from the flood... caused by incessant rains that had lasted the whole preceding week

rains, long, incessant rain; rainy period,