auka

auka (nominative singular)
aukas (nominative plural)
aukas (genitive singular)
auku (genitive plural)
aukai (dative singular)
aukām (dative plural)
auku (accusative singular)
aukas (accusative plural)
auku (instrumental singular)
aukām (instrumental plural)
aukā (locative singular)
aukās (locative plural)
auka (singular vocative)
aukas (plural vocative)

From Proto-Baltic *auk-, from Proto-Indo-European stem *ewk-, *owk-, *ūk-, from an onomatopoeic * ew, *ow with an extra k (common in derivations of onomatopoeic words; cf. Russian у (u) “uh!” and the derived verb укать (ukatʹ)). Cognates include Lithuanian áukterti (“to howl”), Old Prussian aukis (“vulture”) (probably from “noisy, screeming bird,” maybe from “storm bird”), Russian аукать (aukatʹ, “to howl”), Gothic 𐌰𐌿𐌷𐌾𐍉𐌽 (auhjōn, “to make noise”).

auka plosās

rudens aukas

cīņu aukas

atvairīdams aukas brāzienus, iegaudojas mežs

the forest is howling, repelling the gale blows

gale (strong wind that does not reach the level of a storm; also figuratively)


gaļa

gaļa (nominative singular)
gaļas (nominative plural)
gaļas (genitive singular)
gaļu (genitive plural)
gaļai (dative singular)
gaļām (dative plural)
gaļu (accusative singular)
gaļas (accusative plural)
gaļu (instrumental singular)
gaļām (instrumental plural)
gaļā (locative singular)
gaļās (locative plural)
gaļa (singular vocative)
gaļas (plural vocative)

The origin of this word has not been fully explained. It may have been derived from the same stem as the (dated) verb galēt (“to kill”) (cf. dzelt (“to sting”), derived from another grade of the same stem), so that it would have originally meant “stabbed, killed, slaughtered (animal).” A different hypothesis is that gaļa is cognate with Russian го́лый (gólyj, “naked”), its original meaning having been “naked (= skinned) flesh, meat.” Either way, gaļa has replaced in this sense the word miesa, formerly “meat,” now specifically “(human) flesh.” Cognates include Sudovian fała (probably misspelled *gala).

cūkas, aitas, jēra gaļa

pig, sheep, lamb meat (i.e. pork, mutton, lamb)

vērša, liellopu gaļa

zivju gaļa

trekna, liesa gaļa

jēla, zaļa gaļa

cepta, vārīta, žāvēta gaļa

malta gaļa

gaļas šķēle

gaļas kvalitāte

sālīt, sautēt gaļu

kāposti, pīrāgs ar gaļu

gaļas ražošana, rūpniecība

truša gaļu, tāpat kā teļa gaļu, organisms viegli izmanto... ar savu maigo un patīkamo garšu tā atgādina vistas gaļu

rabbit meat, like veal (lit. calf meat), can be easily utilized (i.e. digested) by the (human) organism... with its mild and pleasant taste, it is reminiscent of chicken meat

meat (food obtained from the flesh of slaughtered animals)

gaļas produkti

gaļas buljons, zupa

gaļas mērce

gaļas kotletes, pīrāgi

gaļas konservi

(in the genitive, used adjectivally) meat (containing meat, cooked or prepared with meat)

gaļas cūka, govs

gaļas lopi

gaļas cāļi

(in the genitive, used adjectivally, of animals) meat (from which one obtains meat; reared in order to produce meat)

gaļas olbaltumvielas

kur gaļa, tur kauli; kur āda, tur spalva

where (there is) meat, (there are) bones; where (there is) skin, (there is) fur

mans ievainojums nav smags, bet lode iedzinusi no šineļa gaļā vilnas piku

my wound is not heavy (i.e. serious), but the bullet drove in a lump of wool from the coat into (my) meat (or flesh)

meat, flesh (animal muscular and adipose tissue; also, colloquially, human flesh, usually miesa)

auglis (parastajai mandelei) no sāniem saspiests olveida kaulenis ar ādainu gaļu

the fruit (of the common almond tree) is, from the side, a compressed oval drupe with leathery flesh

(rare) meat, flesh (soft, juicy part of a fruit)


kross

kross (nominative singular)
krosi (nominative plural)
krosa (genitive singular)
krosu (genitive plural)
krosam (dative singular)
krosiem (dative plural)
krosu (accusative singular)
krosus (accusative plural)
krosu (instrumental singular)
krosiem (instrumental plural)
krosā (locative singular)
krosos (locative plural)
kros (singular vocative)
krosi (plural vocative)


sarma

sarma (nominative singular)
sarmas (nominative plural)
sarmas (genitive singular)
sarmu (genitive plural)
sarmai (dative singular)
sarmām (dative plural)
sarmu (accusative singular)
sarmas (accusative plural)
sarmu (instrumental singular)
sarmām (instrumental plural)
sarmā (locative singular)
sarmās (locative plural)
sarma (singular vocative)
sarmas (plural vocative)

sarmas klāti koki

graudainā sarma

kristāliskā sarma

frost (thin ice crystals that form on plant leaves, twigs, or also on wires, cables, etc. when the air temperature is below the freezing point)


molekula

molekula (nominative singular)
molekulas (nominative plural)
molekulas (genitive singular)
molekulu (genitive plural)
molekulai (dative singular)
molekulām (dative plural)
molekulu (accusative singular)
molekulas (accusative plural)
molekulu (instrumental singular)
molekulām (instrumental plural)
molekulā (locative singular)
molekulās (locative plural)
molekula (singular vocative)
molekulas (plural vocative)

ūdens molekula

divatomu molekula

molekulas uzbūve

molekulu kustība

molecule (smallest part of an element or compound that still preserves its chemical properties)


Anita

First recorded as a given name of Latvians at the end of the 19th century. From Spanish Anita.


Irma

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in 1888. From German Irma.


fizika

fizika (nominative singular)
fizikas (genitive singular)
fizikai (dative singular)
fiziku (accusative singular)
fiziku (instrumental singular)
fizikā (locative singular)
fizika (singular vocative)

Via some other European language, from Ancient Greek φυσικός (phusikós, “natural”).

der

teorētiskā fizika

eksperimentālā fizika

elementārdaļiņu fizika

šķidrumu fizika

cietvielu fizika

plazmas fizika

vakuuma fizika

physics (science that studies the general properties of matter and the laws of motion)

fizikas stunda

fizikas skolotājs

physics (the corresponding school subject)


Ina

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in 1894. From names ending in -ina, and from Inese.


milze

lv-noun

milze f (5th declension, masculine form: milzis)

milzis (masculine)
milze (nominative singular)
milzes (nominative plural)
milzes (genitive singular)
milžu (genitive plural)
milzei (dative singular)
milzēm (dative plural)
milzi (accusative singular)
milzes (accusative plural)
milzi (instrumental singular)
milzēm (instrumental plural)
milzē (locative singular)
milzēs (locative plural)
milze (singular vocative)
milzes (plural vocative)

From milzis (“(male) giant”) + -e (“fem.”).

viņš Speipnira mugurā jāj deviņas naktis, līdz ierodas pie upes Gjellas un šķērso tās tiltu, kuru sargā milze Modgūda

he rides on the back of Speipnirs for nine nights, until he comes to the river Gjella and crosses the bridge which is guarded by the giantess Modgūda

(folklore, mythology) female giant, giantess (very large, supernaturally strong female being)


statistika

statistika (nominative singular)
statistikas (nominative plural)
statistikas (genitive singular)
statistiku (genitive plural)
statistikai (dative singular)
statistikām (dative plural)
statistiku (accusative singular)
statistikas (accusative plural)
statistiku (instrumental singular)
statistikām (instrumental plural)
statistikā (locative singular)
statistikās (locative plural)
statistika (singular vocative)
statistikas (plural vocative)

From German Statistik, term introduced by Gottfried Achenwall in 1748, originally referring to the analysis of data about the state, from New Latin statisticum collegium (“lecture course on state affairs”), from Italian statista (“one skilled in statecraft”), from Latin status (“state”).

der

matemātiskā statistika

sociālā, demogrāfiskā statistika

statistikas dati

(usually in the singular) statistics (mathematical science concerned with collecting, presenting, analyzing and interpreting data)


kaklarota

kaklarota (nominative singular)
kaklarotas (nominative plural)
kaklarotas (genitive singular)
kaklarotu (genitive plural)
kaklarotai (dative singular)
kaklarotām (dative plural)
kaklarotu (accusative singular)
kaklarotas (accusative plural)
kaklarotu (instrumental singular)
kaklarotām (instrumental plural)
kaklarotā (locative singular)
kaklarotās (locative plural)
kaklarota (singular vocative)
kaklarotas (plural vocative)

From kakla (“neck[gen.]”) + rota (“jewel”).


gramatika

lv-noun

gramatika f (^(???) please provide the declension type!)


rublis

rublis (nominative singular)
rubļi (nominative plural)
rubļa (genitive singular)
rubļu (genitive plural)
rublim (dative singular)
rubļiem (dative plural)
rubli (accusative singular)
rubļus (accusative plural)
rubli (instrumental singular)
rubļiem (instrumental plural)
rublī (locative singular)
rubļos (locative plural)
rubli (singular vocative)
rubļi (plural vocative)

metāla rublis

papīra rublis

rubļa vērtība

rubļa kurss

grāmata maksā vienu rubli

ruble (monetary unit of Russia and Belarus, and until 1993 also of Latvia)


Elena

a female given name, equivalent to English Helen


karalis

karalis m (2nd declension, feminine form: karaliene)

karaliene (feminine)
karalis (nominative singular)
karaļi (nominative plural)
karaļa (genitive singular)
karaļu (genitive plural)
karalim (dative singular)
karaļiem (dative plural)
karali (accusative singular)
karaļus (accusative plural)
karali (instrumental singular)
karaļiem (instrumental plural)
karalī (locative singular)
karaļos (locative plural)
karali (singular vocative)
karaļi (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Lithuanian karãlius, itself a borrowing from Old Ruthenian король (korolʹ), ultimately from the name of Charlemagne (cf. Latin Carolus, German Karl, Karol). Introduced by Atis Kronvalds in 1870. It soon became popular, possibly because of its similarity with Russian король (korolʹ, “king”) and its apparent connection to karš (“war”), and mostly replaced the earlier Germanism ķēniņš.

Anglijas karalis

skotu karalis

karaļa dinastija

kronēt karali

king (the monarch of a kingdom; the title of this monarch)

(chess) king (the most important piece, the capture of which signals the end of a game of chess)


Laila

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in the end of the 19th century. From Finnish or Norwegian Laila, or from Arabic لَيْلَة (layla, “night”).


fails

fails (nominative singular)
faili (nominative plural)
faila (genitive singular)
failu (genitive plural)
failam (dative singular)
failiem (dative plural)
failu (accusative singular)
failus (accusative plural)
failu (instrumental singular)
failiem (instrumental plural)
failā (locative singular)
failos (locative plural)
fail (singular vocative)
faili (plural vocative)

Vai jūs tiešām vēlaties izdzēst šo failu?

Are you sure you want to delete this file?

(computing) file (aggregation of data on a storage device)


tinte

tinte (nominative singular)
tintes (nominative plural)
tintes (genitive singular)
tinšu (genitive plural)
tintei (dative singular)
tintēm (dative plural)
tinti (accusative singular)
tintes (accusative plural)
tinti (instrumental singular)
tintēm (instrumental plural)
tintē (locative singular)
tintēs (locative plural)
tinte (singular vocative)
tintes (plural vocative)

Borrowed from German Tinte, itself a borrowing from Latin tincta (aqua) (“colored water, liquid”). This word is first mentioned in the early 19th century. It replaced an earlier borrowing blaka, from Middle Low German blak, black (“black ink”). An attempt to introduce a neologism melne (from melns (“black”); compare Russian черни́ла (černíla, “ink”), from чёрный (čórnyj, “black”)) also failed.

der

zilā, sarkanā, melnā tinte

parastā, speciālā tinte

gliemju tintes dziedzeri

(biology, anatomy) ink (dark liquid produced by certain animals or plants)


makaroni

makaroni (nominative plural)
makaronu (genitive plural)
makaroniem (dative plural)
makaronus (accusative plural)
makaroniem (instrumental plural)
makaronos (locative plural)
makaroni (plural vocative)


dvēsele

dvēsele (nominative singular)
dvēseles (nominative plural)
dvēseles (genitive singular)
dvēseļu (genitive plural)
dvēselei (dative singular)
dvēselēm (dative plural)
dvēseli (accusative singular)
dvēseles (accusative plural)
dvēseli (instrumental singular)
dvēselēm (instrumental plural)
dvēselē (locative singular)
dvēselēs (locative plural)
dvēsele (singular vocative)
dvēseles (plural vocative)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic [Term?], ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *dʰwes- (“to breathe; breath, spirit, soul”).
Cognate with Lithuanian dvėselė (“soul; (dialectal) strength”) as well as more distantly daũsios and dvėsti; Slavic *dušà and *dȗxъ; Gaulish dusios; and English deer (originally "living thing" < "soul").


spalva

spalva (nominative singular)
spalvas (nominative plural)
spalvas (genitive singular)
spalvu (genitive plural)
spalvai (dative singular)
spalvām (dative plural)
spalvu (accusative singular)
spalvas (accusative plural)
spalvu (instrumental singular)
spalvām (instrumental plural)
spalvā (locative singular)
spalvās (locative plural)
spalva (singular vocative)
spalvas (plural vocative)

From Proto-Baltic *spalwā, from Proto-Indo-European *pel-, *spʰel- (“to split, cast off”) with a w extension. Alternatively, *spalu- may simply have been a u-stem noun, later transformed into an ā-stem noun: *spalu-ā- > *spalvā-. The original meaning was probably “that which was torn off, plucked, shorn.” Cognates include Lithuanian spalvà (“color”) (“color” meaning is a secondary development), Sudovian spiła.

noasināta zoss spalva

rakstāmspalva

pildspalva

rupja, smalka spalva

iemērkt spalvu tintē, tušā

pirmais spalvas mēģinājums

the first attempt at the pen (= at writing, by a new author)

quill, pen (especially to be used as a writing instrument)


vētra

vētra (nominative singular)
vētras (nominative plural)
vētras (genitive singular)
vētru (genitive plural)
vētrai (dative singular)
vētrām (dative plural)
vētru (accusative singular)
vētras (accusative plural)
vētru (instrumental singular)
vētrām (instrumental plural)
vētrā (locative singular)
vētrās (locative plural)
vētra (singular vocative)
vētras (plural vocative)

From Proto-Baltic *wēˀtrāˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂weh₁- (“to blow, to breathe”) (whence also vējš (“wind”), q.v.), with an extra suffix -trā with agent meaning (“one who blows”). Cognates include Lithuanian vė́tra, Old Prussian wetro ([vētro], “wind”), Proto-Slavic *větrъ (Old Church Slavonic вѣтръ (větrŭ, “wind”), Russian ве́тер (véter, “wind”), Belarusian ве́цер (vjécjer), Ukrainian ві́тер (víter), Bulgarian вя́тър (vjátǎr), Czech vítr, Polish wiatr), Proto-Germanic *wedrą (Old Norse veðr, Old High German wetar, Old English weder (“wind, weather”), German Wetter, English weather).

cog

pavasara vētra

vētras kauciens

vētras nakts

iekļūt vētrā

iet bojā vētrā

sniega vētra

smilšu vētra

magnētiskā vētra

Helēna zināja, ka dzintars nāk krastā līdz ar vētru; un iepriekšējā naktī vējš bija trakojis

Helēna knew that amber comes ashore with a storm; and the previous night the wind had raged

storm (very strong wind (up to 30 m/s) which causes strong waves and land damage)


kauls

kauls (nominative singular)
kauli (nominative plural)
kaula (genitive singular)
kaulu (genitive plural)
kaulam (dative singular)
kauliem (dative plural)
kaulu (accusative singular)
kaulus (accusative plural)
kaulu (instrumental singular)
kauliem (instrumental plural)
kaulā (locative singular)
kaulos (locative plural)
kauls (singular vocative)
kauli (plural vocative)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *káuˀlas, from Proto-Indo-European *keh₂ulós.


gulta

gulta (nominative singular)
gultas (nominative plural)
gultas (genitive singular)
gultu (genitive plural)
gultai (dative singular)
gultām (dative plural)
gultu (accusative singular)
gultas (accusative plural)
gultu (instrumental singular)
gultām (instrumental plural)
gultā (locative singular)
gultās (locative plural)
gulta (singular vocative)
gultas (plural vocative)

Derived from the verb gult (“to lie down”) (q.v.; cf. also its originally iterative-durative form gulēt (“to lie; to sleep”)). From the original meaning of gult (“to bend”), its participle gults indicated a “bent” or “dug in” place, probably via the meaning of animal sleeping places, which are often dug on the ground. Cognates include Lithuanian gùlta (“place to lie down”), gùltas (“sleeping place; sleeping boards; lake valley”).

dzelzs, koka gulta

saliekamā gulta

vienguļama gulta

divguļama, divvietīga gulta

laulības gulta

gultas galvgalis, kājgalis

sēdēt uz gultas malas

klāt gultu

likties gultā

kāzu gulta

gultas režīms

gulēt uz gultas

guļamistabā bija divas platas gultas ar baltām segām un lieliem, platiem spilveniem

in the bedroom there were two wide beds with white blankets and big, wide pillows

bed (piece of furniture for resting or sleeping on)


tauriņš

tauriņš (nominative singular)
tauriņi (nominative plural)
tauriņa (genitive singular)
tauriņu (genitive plural)
tauriņam (dative singular)
tauriņiem (dative plural)
tauriņu (accusative singular)
tauriņus (accusative plural)
tauriņu (instrumental singular)
tauriņiem (instrumental plural)
tauriņā (locative singular)
tauriņos (locative plural)
tauriņ (singular vocative)
tauriņi (plural vocative)

From Latvian tàurs, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *taurás, from Proto-Indo-European *táwros.


gāze

lv-noun

gāze f (5th declension, irregular plural genitive)

gāze (nominative singular)
gāzes (nominative plural)
gāzes (genitive singular)
gāzu (genitive plural)
gāzei (dative singular)
gāzēm (dative plural)
gāzi (accusative singular)
gāzes (accusative plural)
gāzi (instrumental singular)
gāzēm (instrumental plural)
gāzē (locative singular)
gāzēs (locative plural)
gāze (singular vocative)
gāzes (plural vocative)

Likely via German Gas or Russian газ (gaz).

(chemistry) gas (state of matter), gaseous substance


gāze

gāze (nominative singular)
gāzes (nominative plural)
gāzes (genitive singular)
gāžu (genitive plural)
gāzei (dative singular)
gāzēm (dative plural)
gāzi (accusative singular)
gāzes (accusative plural)
gāzi (instrumental singular)
gāzēm (instrumental plural)
gāzē (locative singular)
gāzēs (locative plural)
gāze (singular vocative)
gāzes (plural vocative)

Apparently cognate with gāzt (“to topple over, to cause to fall down”).


gāze

gāze (nominative singular)
gāzes (genitive singular)
gāzei (dative singular)
gāzi (accusative singular)
gāzi (instrumental singular)
gāzē (locative singular)
gāze (singular vocative)

Likely via Russian газ (gaz, “gauze”), or perhaps German Gaze (“gauze”).


madara

madara (nominative singular)
madaras (nominative plural)
madaras (genitive singular)
madaru (genitive plural)
madarai (dative singular)
madarām (dative plural)
madaru (accusative singular)
madaras (accusative plural)
madaru (instrumental singular)
madarām (instrumental plural)
madarā (locative singular)
madarās (locative plural)
madara (singular vocative)
madaras (plural vocative)

Probably borrowed from Estonian madar, from Proto-Finnic *matara.

madaru dzimta

ķeraiņu madara

mīkstā madara

ziemeļu madara

baltās un dzeltenās madaras

Rubia tinctorum
Rubia tinctorum#Translingual

madder, bedstraw (a type of flowering plant, Rubia tinctorum)


Marika

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in 1845. From Hungarian Marika.


Marita

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in the end of the 19th century. From Norwegian Marita.


Jana

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in 1925. A modern feminine form of Jānis, variant of Johanna.


jambs

jambs (nominative singular)
jambi (nominative plural)
jamba (genitive singular)
jambu (genitive plural)
jambam (dative singular)
jambiem (dative plural)
jambu (accusative singular)
jambus (accusative plural)
jambu (instrumental singular)
jambiem (instrumental plural)
jambā (locative singular)
jambos (locative plural)
jamb (singular vocative)
jambi (plural vocative)


smaragds

smaragds (nominative singular)
smaragdi (nominative plural)
smaragda (genitive singular)
smaragdu (genitive plural)
smaragdam (dative singular)
smaragdiem (dative plural)
smaragdu (accusative singular)
smaragdus (accusative plural)
smaragdu (instrumental singular)
smaragdiem (instrumental plural)
smaragdā (locative singular)
smaragdos (locative plural)
smaragd (singular vocative)
smaragdi (plural vocative)

Ultimately from Ancient Greek σμᾰ́ραγδος (smắragdos).


brits

brits m (1st declension, feminine form: britiete)

britiete (feminine)
brits (nominative singular)
briti (nominative plural)
brita (genitive singular)
britu (genitive plural)
britam (dative singular)
britiem (dative plural)
britu (accusative singular)
britus (accusative plural)
britu (instrumental singular)
britiem (instrumental plural)
britā (locative singular)
britos (locative plural)
brit (singular vocative)
briti (plural vocative)

Ultimately from Latin Brittō or its Celtic equivalent (see Brython), probably via some other European language (cf. German Brite, Russian бритт (britt)).

es esmu brits

a Briton, a British man, a man born in Great Britain; a citizen of the United Kingdom

britu armija

Britu impērija

Britu Kolumbija

(genitive plural): British; pertaining to Great Britain or the United Kingdom and its people

5. gadsimtā pirms mūsu ēras Britu salas iekaroja ķeltu ciltis: briti un skoti

in the 5th century BC Celtic tribes - the Britons and the Scots (Gaels) - conquered the British Isles

(historical, in the plural) the Britons, members of the Celtic tribes that lived in southern Britain at the time of the Roman conquest


bazilika

bazilika (nominative singular)
bazilikas (nominative plural)
bazilikas (genitive singular)
baziliku (genitive plural)
bazilikai (dative singular)
bazilikām (dative plural)
baziliku (accusative singular)
bazilikas (accusative plural)
baziliku (instrumental singular)
bazilikām (instrumental plural)
bazilikā (locative singular)
bazilikās (locative plural)
bazilika (singular vocative)
bazilikas (plural vocative)


Ilona

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in 1895. From Hungarian Ilona.


stunda

stunda (nominative singular)
stundas (nominative plural)
stundas (genitive singular)
stundu (genitive plural)
stundai (dative singular)
stundām (dative plural)
stundu (accusative singular)
stundas (accusative plural)
stundu (instrumental singular)
stundām (instrumental plural)
stundā (locative singular)
stundās (locative plural)
stunda (singular vocative)
stundas (plural vocative)

A borrowing, traditionally described as from Middle Low German stunde (“hour”), from Old Saxon stunda, from Proto-West Germanic *stundu, from Proto-Germanic *stundō, since this form is found in the earliest attestations.
But some authors argue that these early attestations are found only in some dialects, and that later competing forms (stunds, stunda) might correspond to earlier competing variants, which suggests that this word already existed in Latvian prior to Middle Low German influence. This would mean that it was previously borrowed from another Germanic language (possibly Gothic, or maybe Old High German or Old Norse). The current form stunda became stabilised at the beginning of the 18th century.

gaidīt veselu stundu

nokavēties par stundu

stundas ceturksnis

septiņu stundu darba diena

rīta stunda

klusā stunda

policijas, komandantas stunda

curfew (literally: commandant's, police hour)

kurp iesi tik agrā stundā?

viņa stunda ir situsi

hour (relatively short period in a day, often associated with an event, activity, or situation)

matemātikas stunda

cikos skolā sākas stundas?

at what time do classes start at school?

(sa)gatavot stundu

atstāt pēc stundām

ņemt stundas

lesson (period of time in which a class takes place, especially at an educational institution)


erozija

erozija (nominative singular)
erozijas (nominative plural)
erozijas (genitive singular)
eroziju (genitive plural)
erozijai (dative singular)
erozijām (dative plural)
eroziju (accusative singular)
erozijas (accusative plural)
eroziju (instrumental singular)
erozijām (instrumental plural)
erozijā (locative singular)
erozijās (locative plural)
erozija (singular vocative)
erozijas (plural vocative)

Via other European languages, ultimately borrowed from Latin ērōsiō, an action nominal derived from the verb ērōdō (“to gnaw away, to corrode”). It was adapted to fit Latvian grammatical patterns ( + -ija).

augsnes erozija

vējš ir viens no spēcīgākajiem augsnes erozija faktoriem

the wind is one of the most important factors in soil erosion

(agriculture, geology) erosion (destructive effect of natural external forces (wind, water, etc. on the surface of the earth, its soil, rocks, etc.)

vara erozija

cinka erozija

kaitīgi metālu ietekmē elektriskā erozija

electrical erosion has harmful effects on metal

(technology) (local disintegration on material surfaces)


kilograms

kilograms (nominative singular)
kilogrami (nominative plural)
kilograma (genitive singular)
kilogramu (genitive plural)
kilogramam (dative singular)
kilogramiem (dative plural)
kilogramu (accusative singular)
kilogramus (accusative plural)
kilogramu (instrumental singular)
kilogramiem (instrumental plural)
kilogramā (locative singular)
kilogramos (locative plural)
kilogram (singular vocative)
kilogrami (plural vocative)

kilogram (SI unit of measure, equivalent to 1000 grams)


Aleksis

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in 1533. From Latin Alexius, ultimately from Ancient Greek Ἀλέξιος (Aléxios).


lingvistika

lingvistika (nominative singular)
lingvistikas (genitive singular)
lingvistikai (dative singular)
lingvistiku (accusative singular)
lingvistiku (instrumental singular)
lingvistikā (locative singular)
lingvistika (singular vocative)

matemātiskā lingvistika

linguistics (science that studies language)


agresija

agresija (nominative singular)
agresijas (nominative plural)
agresijas (genitive singular)
agresiju (genitive plural)
agresijai (dative singular)
agresijām (dative plural)
agresiju (accusative singular)
agresijas (accusative plural)
agresiju (instrumental singular)
agresijām (instrumental plural)
agresijā (locative singular)
agresijās (locative plural)
agresija (singular vocative)
agresijas (plural vocative)

Via other European languages, ultimately from Latin aggressiō + -ija

belligerence, hostility (angry, hostile, even aggressive behaviour)

(biology) aggression (a form of behaviour used by an individual to intimidate or hurt another being of the same or a different species)


biofizika

biofizika (nominative singular)
biofizikas (genitive singular)
biofizikai (dative singular)
biofiziku (accusative singular)
biofiziku (instrumental singular)
biofizikā (locative singular)
biofizika (singular vocative)


astronomija

astronomija (nominative singular)
astronomijas (genitive singular)
astronomijai (dative singular)
astronomiju (accusative singular)
astronomiju (instrumental singular)
astronomijā (locative singular)
astronomija (singular vocative)

Via other European languages, ultimately from Latin astronomia, from Ancient Greek ἀστρονομία (astronomía), from ἄστρον (ástron, “star”) and νόμος (nómos, “arranging, regulating”), adapted to Latvian patterns (-ija).

vispārēja astronomija

sfēriskā astronomija

zvaigžņu astronomija

astronomy (science that studies celestial bodies, their structure, development, and interrelations)

astronomijas kurss

astronomy (the corresponding teaching subject)


akustika

akustika (nominative singular)
akustikas (genitive singular)
akustikai (dative singular)
akustiku (accusative singular)
akustiku (instrumental singular)
akustikā (locative singular)
akustika (singular vocative)

Via some European language, ultimately from Ancient Greek ἀκουστικός (akoustikós), from ἀκούω (akoúō, “to hear”).

fizioloġiskā akustika

akustikas speciālists

acoustics (branch of physics that studies sounds and their properties)

laba akustika

vāja akustika

acoustics (sound diffusion and audibility in a given place)


melodija

melodija (nominative singular)
melodijas (nominative plural)
melodijas (genitive singular)
melodiju (genitive plural)
melodijai (dative singular)
melodijām (dative plural)
melodiju (accusative singular)
melodijas (accusative plural)
melodiju (instrumental singular)
melodijām (instrumental plural)
melodijā (locative singular)
melodijās (locative plural)
melodija (singular vocative)
melodijas (plural vocative)


Ludmila

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in the end of the 19th century. Cognate with Czech Ludmila.

Людми́ла Людмила#Russian

A transliteration of the Russian female given name Людми́ла (Ljudmíla).


Veronika

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in 1877. From Late Latin Veronica.

a female given name from Latin, equivalent to English Veronica


oms

oms (nominative singular)
omi (nominative plural)
oma (genitive singular)
omu (genitive plural)
omam (dative singular)
omiem (dative plural)
omu (accusative singular)
omus (accusative plural)
omu (instrumental singular)
omiem (instrumental plural)
omā (locative singular)
omos (locative plural)
om (singular vocative)
omi (plural vocative)


anatomija

anatomija (nominative singular)
anatomijas (genitive singular)
anatomijai (dative singular)
anatomiju (accusative singular)
anatomiju (instrumental singular)
anatomijā (locative singular)
anatomija (singular vocative)

Via other European languages, ultimately borrowed from Latin anatomia, itself borrowed from Ancient Greek ἀνατομία (anatomía), a word attested only once, in a quotation in a Latin text by Caelius Aurelianus, from ἀνατέμνω (anatémnō, “I cut up”), from ἀνά (aná, “up”) and τέμνω (témnō, “I cut”).

cilvēka, dzīvnieku, augu anatomija

mikroskopiskā, salīdzināmā anatomija

anatomy (science that studies the form and structure of living organisms)

anatomijas kurss

anatomijas atlants

anatomy (the corresponding teaching subject)

vīrieša anatomija

auss, acs anatomija

anatomy (structure of a living organism or organ)


funkcija

funkcija (nominative singular)
funkcijas (nominative plural)
funkcijas (genitive singular)
funkciju (genitive plural)
funkcijai (dative singular)
funkcijām (dative plural)
funkciju (accusative singular)
funkcijas (accusative plural)
funkciju (instrumental singular)
funkcijām (instrumental plural)
funkcijā (locative singular)
funkcijās (locative plural)
funkcija (singular vocative)
funkcijas (plural vocative)


decibels

decibels (nominative singular)
decibeli (nominative plural)
decibela (genitive singular)
decibelu (genitive plural)
decibelam (dative singular)
decibeliem (dative plural)
decibelu (accusative singular)
decibelus (accusative plural)
decibelu (instrumental singular)
decibeliem (instrumental plural)
decibelā (locative singular)
decibelos (locative plural)
decibel (singular vocative)
decibeli (plural vocative)


Eleonora

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in 1795.

a female given name, equivalent to English Eleanor


mineraloģija

mineraloģija (nominative singular)
mineraloģijas (genitive singular)
mineraloģijai (dative singular)
mineraloģiju (accusative singular)
mineraloģiju (instrumental singular)
mineraloģijā (locative singular)
mineraloģija (singular vocative)


fabrika

fabrika (nominative singular)
fabrikas (nominative plural)
fabrikas (genitive singular)
fabriku (genitive plural)
fabrikai (dative singular)
fabrikām (dative plural)
fabriku (accusative singular)
fabrikas (accusative plural)
fabriku (instrumental singular)
fabrikām (instrumental plural)
fabrikā (locative singular)
fabrikās (locative plural)
fabrika (singular vocative)
fabrikas (plural vocative)


purpurs

purpurs (nominative singular)
purpura (genitive singular)
purpuram (dative singular)
purpuru (accusative singular)
purpuru (instrumental singular)
purpurā (locative singular)
purpur (singular vocative)


interpunkcija

interpunkcija (nominative singular)
interpunkcijas (genitive singular)
interpunkcijai (dative singular)
interpunkciju (accusative singular)
interpunkciju (instrumental singular)
interpunkcijā (locative singular)
interpunkcija (singular vocative)

Via other European languages, ultimately borrowed from Latin interpunctiō, from inter (“between”) and punctiō (“pricking, puncturing”), from the verb pungo (“to prick, to puncture, to sting”).

interpunkcijas sistēma

apgūt interpunkciju

interpunkcijas kļūdas

izvēloties pieturzīmes, jāņem vērā interpunkcijas un citu rakstības zīmju un paņēmienu mijiedarbība

when choosing punctuation marks, one must take into account the interaction of punctuation and other writing symbols and modes

vispirms tulkotājiem pārmetums, ka viņi pārāk brīvi rīkojušies ar interpunkciju

the first criticism of translators is that they treat punctuation too freely

punctuation mark
punctuation mark#English

(orthography) punctuation (the set of punctuation marks in a given language; the use of punctuation marks in a given language)


Irina

Ири́на Ирина#Russian

A transliteration of the Russian female given name Ири́на (Irína)


saule

saule (nominative singular)
saules (nominative plural)
saules (genitive singular)
sauļu (genitive plural)
saulei (dative singular)
saulēm (dative plural)
sauli (accusative singular)
saules (accusative plural)
sauli (instrumental singular)
saulēm (instrumental plural)
saulē (locative singular)
saulēs (locative plural)
saule (singular vocative)
saules (plural vocative)

Inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic *sáuˀlijāˀ.

inh+

saule spīd

rīta, vakara, vasaras saule

saule lec, riet

saules lēkts, riets

celties līdz ar sauli

saules stari, gaisma, siltums

saules sistēma

saules aptumsums

saules vējš

saules plankumi

saules enerģija

sun (the star at the center of the Solar System, from which light and heat reach the Earth)

sildīties saulē

istabā nav saules

kaktusiem vajadzīgs daudz saules

acis žilbst saulē

atlaisties saulē

sun, sunlight (the light and heat that comes from the sun; area reached by this light and heat)


Aina

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in 1915. From aina (“view, sight”). Possibly also borrowed from Finnish Aina.


Alina

Variant of Alīna. Similar to English Alina.


divi

divi (masculine nominative)
divas (feminine nominative)
divu (genitive masculine)
divu (feminine genitive)
diviem (dative masculine)
divām (dative feminine)
divus (accusative masculine)
divas (accusative feminine)
diviem (instrumental masculine)
divām (feminine instrumental)
divos (locative masculine)
divās (feminine locative)

Originally an old dual feminine form, from an older *duwi, from *duwu, from Proto-Baltic and Proto-Balto-Slavic *duwō, from Proto-Indo-European *dwóh₁, *dwóu (“two (masc.)”), *dwéi, *dwái (“two (fem., neut.)”).
Cognates include Lithuanian du, dvi, Old Prussian dwai, Sudovian duo (< *dwuo), Old Church Slavonic дъва (dŭva), Old Church Slavonic дъвѣ (dŭvě), Russian, Belarusian, Ukrainian, Bulgarian два (dva), две (dve) (Ukrainian дві (dvi, “(fem.)”)), Czech dva, dvě, Polish dwa, dwie, Gothic 𐍄𐍅𐌰𐌹 (twai), 𐍄𐍅𐍉𐍃 (twōs), 𐍄𐍅𐌰 (twa), Old High German zwēne, zwā, zwō, zwei, German zwei, English two, Sanskrit द्व (dvá), Ancient Greek δύο (dúo), δύω (dúō) (Homeric δύω (dúō)/δύϝω (dúwō), dú(w)ō), Latin duo (< *duō), duae.

viens, divi, trīs

divreiz divi ir četri

two (the cipher, the cardinal number two)

pulkstenis ir divi

atnākt divos

ap pulksten diviem naktī

sanāksme sākas divos pēc pusdienas

the meeting starts at two o'clock after lunch (= in the afternoon, p.m.)

two o'clock (a moment in time; two hours after midnight, or after noon)


lietuvis

lv-noun

lietuvis m (2nd declension, feminine form: lietuve)

lietuve (feminine)
lietuvis (nominative singular)
lietuvji (nominative plural)
lietuvja (genitive singular)
lietuvju (genitive plural)
lietuvim (dative singular)
lietuvjiem (dative plural)
lietuvi (accusative singular)
lietuvjus (accusative plural)
lietuvi (instrumental singular)
lietuvjiem (instrumental plural)
lietuvī (locative singular)
lietuvjos (locative plural)
lietuvi (singular vocative)
lietuvji (plural vocative)

From Lietuva (“Lithuania”), made into a masculine second-declension noun.

lietuvju valoda

pirmais latvju un lietuvju kongress

(genitive plural): Lithuanian, pertaining to Lithuania and its people


firsts

firsts m (1st declension, feminine form: firstiene)

firstiene (feminine)
firsts (nominative singular)
firsti (nominative plural)
firsta (genitive singular)
firstu (genitive plural)
firstam (dative singular)
firstiem (dative plural)
firstu (accusative singular)
firstus (accusative plural)
firstu (instrumental singular)
firstiem (instrumental plural)
firstā (locative singular)
firstos (locative plural)
first (singular vocative)
firsti (plural vocative)

Hanss-Ādams II, Lihtenšteinas firsts

vīri runā par firstiem un ķēniņiem

the men are talking about princes and kings

prince (nobility title, above archduke and under king; corresponding nobleman)


pavasaris

pavasaris (nominative singular)
pavasari (nominative plural)
pavasara (genitive singular)
pavasaru (genitive plural)
pavasarim (dative singular)
pavasariem (dative plural)
pavasari (accusative singular)
pavasarus (accusative plural)
pavasari (instrumental singular)
pavasariem (instrumental plural)
pavasarī (locative singular)
pavasaros (locative plural)
pavasari (singular vocative)
pavasari (plural vocative)

From pa- + vasara (“summer”), made into a second declension masculine noun (ending -is). Given the inchoative prefix, the original meaning was “beginning of summer” (originally, vasara covered both spring and summer, considered in ancient times to be one season). Cognates include Lithuanian pavãsaris.

seasons: četri gadalaiki: pavasaris · vasara · rudens · ziema [edit]

agrs, vēls pavasaris

vēss, auksts pavasaris

sauss pavasaris

tuvojas pavasaris

pavasaris sākas, iestājas

pavasaris pienācis

pavasara ekvinokcija

pavasaris aptver to laika posmu, kad gaisa temperatūra paaugstinās virs 0°, bet nav augstāka par 15° C

spring covers the period when the air temperature rises above 0°, but is not higher than 15° C

Northern Hemisphere
Northern Hemisphere#English

spring (season of the year between winter and summer, from March 21 to June 21 in the Northern Hemisphere, characterized by increasing temperature and by the blooming of flowers)


lietvārds

lietvārds (nominative singular)
lietvārdi (nominative plural)
lietvārda (genitive singular)
lietvārdu (genitive plural)
lietvārdam (dative singular)
lietvārdiem (dative plural)
lietvārdu (accusative singular)
lietvārdus (accusative plural)
lietvārdu (instrumental singular)
lietvārdiem (instrumental plural)
lietvārdā (locative singular)
lietvārdos (locative plural)
lietvārd (singular vocative)
lietvārdi (plural vocative)

From lieta (“thing, object”) + vārds (“word”), a calque of German Dingwort coined by Juris Neikens in 1850 as lietu-vārds; after some variation (A. Stērste had lietas vārds in 1879, and also K. Mīlenbahs in 1895), J. Pārstrauts suggested the form lietvārds in 1881, which eventually became accepted as standard in the 1940s.

compound

lietvārds daudzskaitļa formā

lietvārdu celmi

lietvārda dzimte

lietvārda deklinācijas

(grammar) noun (a word used to refer to an entity, concept or idea)


mākonis

mākonis (nominative singular)
mākoņi (nominative plural)
mākoņa (genitive singular)
mākoņu (genitive plural)
mākonim (dative singular)
mākoņiem (dative plural)
mākoni (accusative singular)
mākoņus (accusative plural)
mākoni (instrumental singular)
mākoņiem (instrumental plural)
mākonī (locative singular)
mākoņos (locative plural)
mākoni (singular vocative)
mākoņi (plural vocative)

Either from the verb mākties (“to become cloudy”) (q.v.) or from an earlier, 17th-century adjective mākons (“foggy, cloudy”). In the 18th century, mākonis still meant “(thunder)storm,” “rain cloud,” with debess being used for “cloud.” The present meaning became established in the 19th century.

dūmu mākonis

sacelt putekļu mākonis

(chiefly in the plural) cloud (a cloud-like phenomenon, spreading in the air)


stikls

stikls (nominative singular)
stikli (nominative plural)
stikla (genitive singular)
stiklu (genitive plural)
stiklam (dative singular)
stikliem (dative plural)
stiklu (accusative singular)
stiklus (accusative plural)
stiklu (instrumental singular)
stikliem (instrumental plural)
stiklā (locative singular)
stiklos (locative plural)
stikl (singular vocative)
stikli (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Old East Slavic стькло (stĭklo) (compare Russian стекло́ (stekló)), itself a borrowing from Gothic 𐍃𐍄𐌹𐌺𐌻𐍃 (stikls, “beaker, chalice, goblet”).

uder

caurspīdīgs, krāsains stikls

ugunsdrošs stikls

rūdītais stikls

stikla rūpniecība

stikla pūtējs

stikla šķiedra

stikla durvis

stikla trauki

(only singular) glass (solid, transparent substance made by melting sand)

briļļu stikli

palielināmais stikls

ielikt logam stiklu

glass (an object made of this material, or something similar)


Bobs

A respelling of the English male given name diminutive Bob.


bārda

bārda (nominative singular)
bārdas (nominative plural)
bārdas (genitive singular)
bārdu (genitive plural)
bārdai (dative singular)
bārdām (dative plural)
bārdu (accusative singular)
bārdas (accusative plural)
bārdu (instrumental singular)
bārdām (instrumental plural)
bārdā (locative singular)
bārdās (locative plural)
bārda (singular vocative)
bārdas (plural vocative)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *bardā́ˀ (with lengthening: *-àr- > -ā̀r-), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰardʰéh₂ (“beard”), from the stem *bʰar- (“projecting forward; tip, point; bristle, awn”), which is perhaps a form of *bʰer- (“to cut, to grate, to split, to hit”). Cognates include Lithuanian barzdà (< *barzdā-, a parallel form of *bardā-, with an extra z perhaps because of d:zd phonetic variation), Old Prussian bordus, Proto-Slavic *borda (Old Church Slavonic брада (brada), Russian борода (boroda), Czech brada (“beard, chin”), Polish broda (“beard, chin”)), Proto-Germanic *bardaz (German Bart, English beard), Latin barba (< *farβā) (French barbe, Italian barba).

vaigu bārda

sirma bārda

kupla bārda

skūt bārdu

audzēt bārdu

biezi, melni bārdas rugāji noseguši zodu un vaigus

thick, black beard stubbles covered (his) chin and cheeks

(anatomy) beard (hair that grows on the cheeks and chins)


vīns

vīns (nominative singular)
vīni (nominative plural)
vīna (genitive singular)
vīnu (genitive plural)
vīnam (dative singular)
vīniem (dative plural)
vīnu (accusative singular)
vīnus (accusative plural)
vīnu (instrumental singular)
vīniem (instrumental plural)
vīnā (locative singular)
vīnos (locative plural)
vīn (singular vocative)
vīni (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Middle Low German wīn, or from Old Norse vín or Middle Dutch wijn, wiin (cf. German Wein, Swedish vin, Dutch wijn, English wine), or maybe also from Old East Slavic вино (vino), Russian вино́ (vinó), itself a borrowing from Latin vīnum, which is a possible borrowing from an old Mediterranean or Black Sea language. In Latvian, this loanword is old: it is already mentioned in 16th-century writings and 17th-century dictionaries; there is also an apparently related 16th-century family name Vīndedzis.

vīnogu, ķiršu vīns

sarkanais vīns, sarkanvīns

baltais vīns, baltvīns

sausais, saldais vīns

deserta vīns

dzirkstošais vīns

pudele vīna

vīna kauss

vīna glāze

vīna muca

Pie zivju ēdiniem ieteicami baltie galda vīni, pie gaļas - sarkanie sausie vīni, bet pie sakņu ēdieniem - pussaldie.

With fish dishes, white table wines are recommended; with meat - red dry wines, and with vegetable food - semisweet (wines).

wine (alcoholic drink made from berriess or fruit juices)


jūra

jūra (nominative singular)
jūras (nominative plural)
jūras (genitive singular)
jūru (genitive plural)
jūrai (dative singular)
jūrām (dative plural)
jūru (accusative singular)
jūras (accusative plural)
jūru (instrumental singular)
jūrām (instrumental plural)
jūrā (locative singular)
jūrās (locative plural)
jūra (singular vocative)
jūras (plural vocative)

From Proto-Baltic *jáuˀrāˀ ~ *jū́ˀrāˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂wer-, *ūr- with an added initial y, from *aw-, *awe- (“to wet, to moisten, to flow”) with a suffix -r. The initial *y may result from metathesis in *awer- (> *h₂wer-, *eur-), or from the influence of some other Proto-Indo-European root like *(e)rey-, *(e)rew- (“to flow”) (metathesized into *ewr-). The original meaning was thus “wet, swampy place” (cf. Lithuanian jáuris (“swamp”) < Proto-Baltic *jaur-), whence “lake” (still attested in old folk tales, and also in borrowings into Finnic: Livonian jõra, Estonian järv, Finnish järvi, Sami jaura, jawre, jávri) and finally “sea.” Cognates include Lithuanian jū́ra, dialectal jūrė, plural jū́ros, jū́rios, jū́rės (cf. Latvian dialectal jūre, jūris, plural jūres), Old Prussian iūrin, *jūren, *jūrʲai, Armenian ջուր (ǰur, “water”), Albanian hurdë (“deep place; pond; swamp”); without the initial *y, also Old Norse úr (“drizzle”), ȳra (“to drizzle”), Latin ūrīnō (“to dive, to plunge into water”), ūrīna (“urine”).

cog

Baltijas jūra

Melnā jūra

jūras krasts, ūdens, vējš

peldēt jūrā

jūras slimība

iziet jūrā

virs, zem jūrās līmeņa

(geography) sea (large body of salty water)

mēness jūra

(astronomy) sea (dark areas on the surface of the Moon or other natural satellites)


brālis

brālis (nominative singular)
brāļi (nominative plural)
brāļa (genitive singular)
brāļu (genitive plural)
brālim (dative singular)
brāļiem (dative plural)
brāli (accusative singular)
brāļus (accusative plural)
brāli (instrumental singular)
brāļiem (instrumental plural)
brālī (locative singular)
brāļos (locative plural)
brāli (singular vocative)
brāļi (plural vocative)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *brā́ˀtē, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰréh₂tēr. Cognate with Lithuanian brolis.

brother (people who are closely related to each other)


pulkstenis

pulkstenis (nominative singular)
pulksteņi (nominative plural)
pulksteņa (genitive singular)
pulksteņu (genitive plural)
pulkstenim (dative singular)
pulksteņiem (dative plural)
pulksteni (accusative singular)
pulksteņus (accusative plural)
pulksteni (instrumental singular)
pulksteņiem (instrumental plural)
pulkstenī (locative singular)
pulksteņos (locative plural)
pulksteni (singular vocative)
pulksteņi (plural vocative)

There are various theories about the origin of this word, originally meaning “church bell.” The most likely to be true derives it from an unattested verb *pulsēt (“to produce sound”) (compare archaic pulstens, dialectal pulstenis (“bell”), pulkstiens (“bell sound, toll”)) > *pulksēt with an epenthetic k and the nominalizing suffix -enis. Other suggestions include deriving pulkstenis from pulks (“regiment, military unit”) and stenēt (“to groan, to make noise”) (i.e., the regiment's noisy one); from borrowed terms, Middle Low German puls (“hit, blow, touch”) and stēn (“stone”); from an old verb pult meaning “to fall” (since that which strikes a bell “falls” on it); from a compound of puls- and sitiens, sitenis “blow”, with an intrusive k. The word was already mentioned in a 1585 catechism (as stundu pulksten(is), “hour bell,” i.e., “clock”)

uder

mehāniskais, elektroniskais pulkstenis

sudraba, zelta pulkstenis

pulkstenis tikšķ

pulksteņa rādītāji

pulksteņa svārsts

labot pulksteni

rokas pulkstenis

kabatas pulkstenis

galda, sienas, torņa pulkstenis

modinātāja pulkstenis, modinātājpulkstenis

saules pulkstenis

smilšu pulkstenis

biloģiskais pulkstenis

pulkstenis ir ātrs, iet par ātru

pulkstenis iet priekšā, ir priekšā

pulkstenis ir vēls, iet par lēnu

clock, watch (instrument to measure time)


māte

māte (nominative singular)
mātes (nominative plural)
mātes (genitive singular)
māšu (genitive plural)
mātei (dative singular)
mātēm (dative plural)
māti (accusative singular)
mātes (accusative plural)
māti (instrumental singular)
mātēm (instrumental plural)
mātē (locative singular)
mātēs (locative plural)
māt (singular vocative)
mātes (plural vocative)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *mā́ˀtē, from Proto-Indo-European *méh₂tēr (“mother”), where the initial *ma, *meh₂ may have originally been a child's call or nursery word.
Cognates include Lithuanian mótė (“woman, wife”, dialectally also “mother”), móteris (“woman”), mótina (“mother”), Old Prussian mūti, muti, mothe, Sudovian ate (< *māte), Proto-Slavic *mati (Russian мать (matʹ), Belarusian маць (macʹ), Ukrainian ма́ти (máty), Bulgarian ма́ти (máti), ма́тер (máter), Czech máti, archaic Polish mać), Proto-Germanic *mōdēr (Old Saxon mōdar, Old English mōdor, English mother, Old Norse móðir, Old High German muoter, German Mutter), Sanskrit मातृ (mā́tṛ), Avestan 𐬨𐬁𐬙𐬀𐬭 (mātar), Ancient Greek μήτηρ (mḗtēr), Doric μάτηρ (mátēr), Latin māter.

cog

briežu, vilku, lāču māte

bišu māte

female individual of some animal species


tvaiks

tvaiks (nominative singular)
tvaiki (nominative plural)
tvaika (genitive singular)
tvaiku (genitive plural)
tvaikam (dative singular)
tvaikiem (dative plural)
tvaiku (accusative singular)
tvaikus (accusative plural)
tvaiku (instrumental singular)
tvaikiem (instrumental plural)
tvaikā (locative singular)
tvaikos (locative plural)
tvaik (singular vocative)
tvaiki (plural vocative)


Oto

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in 1545. Cognate to German and English Otto.


Iveta

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in early 20th century. From French Yvette.


Gita

First recorded as a given name of Latvians during 1859 - 1875 . Short form of Brigita (“Bridget”) and Margita (“Margaret”).


Zita

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in 1938. From Latin Sidonia, feminine form of the saint's name Sidonius (“a resident of Sidon”).


Galina

Гали́на Галина#Russian

A transliteration of the Russian female given name Гали́на (Galína).


galds

galds (nominative singular)
galdi (nominative plural)
galda (genitive singular)
galdu (genitive plural)
galdam (dative singular)
galdiem (dative plural)
galdu (accusative singular)
galdus (accusative plural)
galdu (instrumental singular)
galdiem (instrumental plural)
galdā (locative singular)
galdos (locative plural)
gald (singular vocative)
galdi (plural vocative)

From Proto-Baltic *geld-, *gald-, from Proto-Indo-European *geldʰ-, *goldʰ- (“to chip, to scratch, to hollow”). The semantic evolution was probably: “chipped, carved, hollowed (thing)” → “chip, board cut from a block (of wood)” (a meaning still attested; see below) → “trough, wood container (for eating, feeding)” (note also the meaning of derived term aizgalds (“sty, pen”)) → “table (for eating).” Cognates include Lithuanian gélda (“trough, wooden container”), Old Prussian galdo.

četrstūrains, apaļš, garš galds

pulēts, krāsots galds

riekstkoka galds

darba galds

virtuves, ēdamistabas galds

tualetes galds

izvelkamais galds

galda atvilktne, stūris

galda lampa, pulkstenis

galda drāna, galddrāna

galda teniss

mazgāt galdu

pārklāt galdu

sasēsties ap galdu

operācijas galds

operation table (where surgery is performed)

piece of furniture
piece of furniture#English

table (piece of furniture consisting of a horizontal surface on legs, to support objects — dishes and food while eating, tools while working, etc.)


ēdiens

ēdiens (nominative singular)
ēdieni (nominative plural)
ēdiena (genitive singular)
ēdienu (genitive plural)
ēdienam (dative singular)
ēdieniem (dative plural)
ēdienu (accusative singular)
ēdienus (accusative plural)
ēdienu (instrumental singular)
ēdieniem (instrumental plural)
ēdienā (locative singular)
ēdienos (locative plural)
ēdien (singular vocative)
ēdieni (plural vocative)

From ēst (past stem: ēd-) (“to eat”) + -iens.

gaļas, zivju, miltu ēdiens

silts, garšīgs ēdiens

saldais ēdiens

izvēlēties, pagatavot, pasniegt ēdienu

izvārīt ēdienu

ēst pusdienās trīs ēdienus

ēdienu karte, ēdienkarte

food prepared for consumption; meal; dish


Brigita

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in 1510. Cognate with English Bridget.


Zoja

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in early 20th century. From Russian Зо́я (Zója). Cognate with English Zoe.

A transliteration of the Russian female given name Зо́я (Zója).


Vanda

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in the end of the 19th century. From Polish Wanda.


Darja

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in the end of the 19th century. From Russian Да́рья (Dárʹja, “Daria”).

Дарья Дарья#Russian

A transliteration of the Russian female given name Дарья (Darʹja).


mošeja

mošeja (nominative singular)
mošejas (nominative plural)
mošejas (genitive singular)
mošeju (genitive plural)
mošejai (dative singular)
mošejām (dative plural)
mošeju (accusative singular)
mošejas (accusative plural)
mošeju (instrumental singular)
mošejām (instrumental plural)
mošejā (locative singular)
mošejās (locative plural)
mošeja (singular vocative)
mošejas (plural vocative)


tapete

tapete (nominative singular)
tapetes (nominative plural)
tapetes (genitive singular)
tapešu (genitive plural)
tapetei (dative singular)
tapetēm (dative plural)
tapeti (accusative singular)
tapetes (accusative plural)
tapeti (instrumental singular)
tapetēm (instrumental plural)
tapetē (locative singular)
tapetēs (locative plural)
tapete (singular vocative)
tapetes (plural vocative)


ritenis

ritenis (nominative singular)
riteņi (nominative plural)
riteņa (genitive singular)
riteņu (genitive plural)
ritenim (dative singular)
riteņiem (dative plural)
riteni (accusative singular)
riteņus (accusative plural)
riteni (instrumental singular)
riteņiem (instrumental plural)
ritenī (locative singular)
riteņos (locative plural)
riteni (singular vocative)
riteņi (plural vocative)

ratu ritenis

vilciena riteņi

automobiļa ritenis

priekšējais, pakaļējais ritenis

riteņa spieķis, ass, loks

wheel (circular device that rotates on its axis)

pulksteņa gaitas ritenis

wheel (rotating circular element that transfers motion in a mechanism)

braukt ar riteni

bicycle (two-wheeled vehicle with pedals)


sinagoga

sinagoga (nominative singular)
sinagogas (nominative plural)
sinagogas (genitive singular)
sinagogu (genitive plural)
sinagogai (dative singular)
sinagogām (dative plural)
sinagogu (accusative singular)
sinagogas (accusative plural)
sinagogu (instrumental singular)
sinagogām (instrumental plural)
sinagogā (locative singular)
sinagogās (locative plural)
sinagoga (singular vocative)
sinagogas (plural vocative)


vējš

vējš (nominative singular)
vēji (nominative plural)
vēja (genitive singular)
vēju (genitive plural)
vējam (dative singular)
vējiem (dative plural)
vēju (accusative singular)
vējus (accusative plural)
vēju (instrumental singular)
vējiem (instrumental plural)
vējā (locative singular)
vējos (locative plural)
vēj (singular vocative)
vēji (plural vocative)

From an earlier (still dialectally attested) vējs, from Proto-Baltic *wēyas, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂weh₁- “to blow, to extinguish,” with an extra -yo. There also was, from the same stem, a verb *vēt (“to blow”), of which causative-iterative forms still remain (vēdīt, vēdināt). Cognates include Lithuanian vė́jas, Sudovian wiis ([vijs] < *[vejs], “storm”), Old Church Slavonic вѣꙗти (vějati, “to blow”), Russian ве́ять (véjatʹ, “to blow, to winnow”), Bulgarian ве́е (vée, “to blow”), Czech váti (< *vějati), Polish wiać, Proto-Germanic *wēaną (Gothic 𐍅𐌰𐌹𐌰𐌽 (waian), Old High German wājen, wāen, German wehen), Sanskrit वाति (vā́yati, “to disappear, to be erased”) (< “to blow (wind)”), वायु (vāyú, “wind, air”), वाति (vā́ti, “to blow”), वात (vā́ta, “wind”).

lēns vējš

vakara vējš, vakarvējš

viegls, mērens, stiprs vējš

brāzmains vējš

vēja ātrums

vēja virziens

ziemeļu, austrumu vējš

auksts, dzestrs, silts vējš

svelmains vējš

sauss, skaudrs vējš

vēja enerģija

vēja motors, ģenerators

vēja stikls, vējstikls

valdošais vējš

saules vējš

pa vējam

pret vēju

vējā lokēs koki

skrien kā vējš

ass vējš pūta, un jūra kauca un krāca visapkārt

a sharp wind was blowing, and the sea grumbled and howled all around

laiks turējās silts un bez vēja, rasa nenkrita ne dienu, ne nakti

the weather remained warm and without wind, there was no dew neither during the day nor during the night

wind (air in motion due to uneven atmospheric pressure)


Vaira

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in early 20th century. From vairot (“to add, increase”).


Aija

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in early 20th century. Name of a character in the novel Aija (1911) by Jānis Jaunsudrabiņš. Associated with aijāt (“to rock, lull”) and aijas (“cradle”).


Aira

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in 1934. From airene (“ryegrass”), from Airisa as a rendering of the English Iris, or a phonetic coinage.


bibliotēka

bibliotēka (nominative singular)
bibliotēkas (nominative plural)
bibliotēkas (genitive singular)
bibliotēku (genitive plural)
bibliotēkai (dative singular)
bibliotēkām (dative plural)
bibliotēku (accusative singular)
bibliotēkas (accusative plural)
bibliotēku (instrumental singular)
bibliotēkām (instrumental plural)
bibliotēkā (locative singular)
bibliotēkās (locative plural)
bibliotēka (singular vocative)
bibliotēkas (plural vocative)


fjords

fjords (nominative singular)
fjordi (nominative plural)
fjorda (genitive singular)
fjordu (genitive plural)
fjordam (dative singular)
fjordiem (dative plural)
fjordu (accusative singular)
fjordus (accusative plural)
fjordu (instrumental singular)
fjordiem (instrumental plural)
fjordā (locative singular)
fjordos (locative plural)
fjord (singular vocative)
fjordi (plural vocative)

Via other European languages, ultimately borrowed from Norwegian fjord, from Old Norse fjǫrðr, from Proto-Germanic *ferþu, *ferþuz (“inlet, fjord”)


dieveris

brother-in-law (the brother of one's husband)


Jānis

Jānis (nominative singular)
Jāņi (nominative plural)
Jāņa (genitive singular)
Jāņu (genitive plural)
Jānim (dative singular)
Jāņiem (dative plural)
Jāni (accusative singular)
Jāņus (accusative plural)
Jāni (instrumental singular)
Jāņiem (instrumental plural)
Jānī (locative singular)
Jāņos (locative plural)
Jāni (singular vocative)
Jāņi (plural vocative)

First recorded in 13th century. Ultimately from Hebrew, cognate to English John.


prāts

prāts (nominative singular)
prāti (nominative plural)
prāta (genitive singular)
prātu (genitive plural)
prātam (dative singular)
prātiem (dative plural)
prātu (accusative singular)
prātus (accusative plural)
prātu (instrumental singular)
prātiem (instrumental plural)
prātā (locative singular)
prātos (locative plural)
prāt (singular vocative)
prāti (plural vocative)


apziņa

apziņa (nominative singular)
apziņas (genitive singular)
apziņai (dative singular)
apziņu (accusative singular)
apziņu (instrumental singular)
apziņā (locative singular)
apziņa (singular vocative)

Nominal form of the stem of the verb apzināt, the original meaning of which was “to know, to perceive (something)”; apziņa was therefore initially “knowledge”. In the late 19th century, A. Kronvalds began using this word in the sense of "conviction", "understadning", "consciousness (of something)"; in the 1920s, it became accepted as a philosophy term, corresponding to Russian сознание (soznanije), German Bewusstsein.

apziņas attiecība pret esamību

the relation of consciousness to existence

Sečenovs pierādīja, ka cilvēka apziņa, viņa domas ir galvas smadzeņu darbības rezultāts

Sečenovs showed that human consciousness and thoughts are the result of brain activity

Augusta izmisums auga augumā, kamēr kļuva tik liels, ka nevarēja vairs ietverties viņa apziņā

Augusts' despair grew and grew, until it became so large that it could no longer be apprehended in his consciousness

(philosophy) consciousness (the capacity of the human brain to reflect objective reality)


pirdiens

pirdiens (nominative singular)
pirdieni (nominative plural)
pirdiena (genitive singular)
pirdienu (genitive plural)
pirdienam (dative singular)
pirdieniem (dative plural)
pirdienu (accusative singular)
pirdienus (accusative plural)
pirdienu (instrumental singular)
pirdieniem (instrumental plural)
pirdienā (locative singular)
pirdienos (locative plural)
pirdien (singular vocative)
pirdieni (plural vocative)

(informal, vulgar) fart (emission of gases through one's anus)


zupa

zupa (nominative singular)
zupas (nominative plural)
zupas (genitive singular)
zupu (genitive plural)
zupai (dative singular)
zupām (dative plural)
zupu (accusative singular)
zupas (accusative plural)
zupu (instrumental singular)
zupām (instrumental plural)
zupā (locative singular)
zupās (locative plural)
zupa (singular vocative)
zupas (plural vocative)

Borrowed from German Suppe, itself partly via French soupe, partly via Middle Low German sope, from Proto-Germanic *supô (compare also sūpen “to drink; to eat with a spoon,” German saufen “to drink; to booze”), ultimately from the same Proto-Indo-European stem (*seu-, *sū- “juice; moisture”) as the verb sūkt (“to suck”). This word was borrowed before the 17th century; it is first mentioned in writing in the 18th century (as zupe), but only in the 19th century did it become frequent. The modern form zupa also became dominant in the 19th century.

gaļas, dārzeņu, sēņu zupa

kāpostu, sakņu, piena zupa

ļoti garšīga zupa

veģetāra zupa

aukstās zupas

zupas kauss

zupas karotes

šovakar mums biešu zupa; te rudzu maize

tonight we have beet soup; here (is) the rye bread

soup (boiled liquid food, usually containing meat, fish, vegetables or cereal products)


viesnīca

viesnīca (nominative singular)
viesnīcas (nominative plural)
viesnīcas (genitive singular)
viesnīcu (genitive plural)
viesnīcai (dative singular)
viesnīcām (dative plural)
viesnīcu (accusative singular)
viesnīcas (accusative plural)
viesnīcu (instrumental singular)
viesnīcām (instrumental plural)
viesnīcā (locative singular)
viesnīcās (locative plural)
viesnīca (singular vocative)
viesnīcas (plural vocative)

From viesis (“guest”) + -nīca. A neologism coined in the 1870s by either Krišjānis Valdemārs or Fricis Brīvzemnieks in 1872, originally in the form viesnīce; the modern form appeared later in the same decade and soon became popular. It has replaced previously used expressions like viesu nams and gastūzis (a borrowing from German).

grezna viesnīca

slavena viesnīca

apmesties viesnīcā

dzīvot viesnīcā

hotel (establishment that provides accommodation for paying guests)


Tatjana

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in the 18th century. From Russian Татья́на (Tatʹjána). Cognate to English Tatiana.

Татья́на Татьяна#Russian

A transliteration of the Russian female given name Татья́на (Tatʹjána).

(less common) a female given name of Latvian speakers


Signe

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in 1925. From Swedish and Danish Signe.


golfs

golfs (nominative singular)
golfi (nominative plural)
golfa (genitive singular)
golfu (genitive plural)
golfam (dative singular)
golfiem (dative plural)
golfu (accusative singular)
golfus (accusative plural)
golfu (instrumental singular)
golfiem (instrumental plural)
golfā (locative singular)
golfos (locative plural)
golf (singular vocative)
golfi (plural vocative)


krevele

krevele (nominative singular)
kreveles (nominative plural)
kreveles (genitive singular)
kreveļu (genitive plural)
krevelei (dative singular)
krevelēm (dative plural)
kreveli (accusative singular)
kreveles (accusative plural)
kreveli (instrumental singular)
krevelēm (instrumental plural)
krevelē (locative singular)
krevelēs (locative plural)
krevele (singular vocative)
kreveles (plural vocative)


zvaigzne

zvaigzne (nominative singular)
zvaigznes (nominative plural)
zvaigznes (genitive singular)
zvaigžņu (genitive plural)
zvaigznei (dative singular)
zvaigznēm (dative plural)
zvaigzni (accusative singular)
zvaigznes (accusative plural)
zvaigzni (instrumental singular)
zvaigznēm (instrumental plural)
zvaigznē (locative singular)
zvaigznēs (locative plural)
zvaigzne (singular vocative)
zvaigznes (plural vocative)

From an older *zvaigzde (via an intermediate form *zvaigzdne), from Proto-Balto-Slavic *źwaisdā́ˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰweygʷ-, *ǵʰwoygʷ- (“shine; to shine”), from *ǵʰwey-, *ǵʰey- (“to shine”) with an extra gʷ. Cognates include Lithuanian žvaigždė̃, Proto-Slavic *gvězda (Old Church Slavonic звѣзда (zvězda), Russian звезда́ (zvezdá), Belarusian звязда́ (zvjazdá), Ukrainian звізда́ (zvizdá), Czech hvězda, Polish gwiazda.

spožas zvaigznes

divkāršā, dvīņu zvaigzne

vairākkārtīga zvaigzne

primā lieluma zvaigzne

rīta, vakara zvaigzne

krītoša zvaigzne

mūsu zvaigžņu sistēma - Galaktika - izveidojās pirms 10-15 miljardiem gadu

our star system - the Galaxy (= Milky Way) - was formed 10-15 billion years ago

(astronomy) star (celestial body mostly composed of light gases that radiates light)

piecstūru zvaigzne

Triju Zvaigžņu ordenis

jūras zvaigzne, jūraszvaigzne starfish (lit. sea star)

(geometry) star (object, drawing, geometric shape formed by regularly spaced points or protrusions)

baleta, teātra zvaigzne

kino zvaigzne, kinozvaigzne, filmu zvaigzne

sporta zvaigzne

vecos laikos nereti gadījās, ka, aizstājot kādu saslimušu premjeru vai primadonnu, pēkšņi uzausa mākslā jauna zvaigzne

in the old days it often happened that a new star dawned in (the performing) arts by replacing a sick actor or prima donna

(of people) star, celebrity (a famous, outstandingly talented person in a certain area, especially in the performing arts)


spainis

spainis (nominative singular)
spaiņi (nominative plural)
spaiņa (genitive singular)
spaiņu (genitive plural)
spainim (dative singular)
spaiņiem (dative plural)
spaini (accusative singular)
spaiņus (accusative plural)
spaini (instrumental singular)
spaiņiem (instrumental plural)
spainī (locative singular)
spaiņos (locative plural)
spaini (singular vocative)
spaiņi (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Middle Low German span (“wooden bucket”), likely from the same ultimate source as English span, similar to Swedish spann (“pail, bucket”).
This generated the dialectal form spanis, spannis; in Kurzeme, also *spandis > spaņģis (with ģ probably from genitive *spandya); compare Lithuanian dialectal forms spandis, spañgis (possibly borrowings from Kurzeme dialects).
Two explanations have been proposed for the irregular ai (instead of an(n)) in the literary form:
* influence from dialectal (Kurzeme) *spainis, a variant of spailis, spails (“set of fishing equipment”), at first in Kurzeme, and later on spreading to other dialects; or a contamination between an earlier form *span(n)is and Livonian pàynal (“wooden round container”),
* or its Ewe dialectal synonym paenas, paenal.
The borrowing is first mentioned as spanis, spannis in 17th-century dictionaries; by the end of that century, the variant spainis is also attested. In the first Bible translations one finds spaņģis. The literary form spainis progressed slowly: in the 19th century, J. Alunāns still used spannis, spanis; in dictionaries from the 1870s and 1880s, spainis was only a variant. Only at the beginning of the 20th century did spainis begin to dominate, when spannis, spanis was perceived (and avoided) as a Germanism.

cog

piena spainis

emaljēts spainis

nest ūdeni ar spaiņiem

koka, alumīnija, plastmasas spainis

bucket, pail (cylindrical metal, wooden, or plastic container with a handle)


Jesaja

Jesaja (nominative singular)
Jesajas (nominative plural)
Jesajas (genitive singular)
Jesaju (genitive plural)
Jesajai (dative singular)
Jesajām (dative plural)
Jesaju (accusative singular)
Jesajas (accusative plural)
Jesaju (instrumental singular)
Jesajām (instrumental plural)
Jesajā (locative singular)
Jesajās (locative plural)
Jesaja (singular vocative)
Jesajas (plural vocative)


Raisa

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in the end of the 19th century. From Russian Раи́са (Raísa).

Раи́са Раиса#Russian

A transliteration of the Russian female given name Раи́са (Raísa).


paduse

paduse (nominative singular)
paduses (nominative plural)
paduses (genitive singular)
padušu (genitive plural)
padusei (dative singular)
padusēm (dative plural)
padusi (accusative singular)
paduses (accusative plural)
padusi (instrumental singular)
padusēm (instrumental plural)
padusē (locative singular)
padusēs (locative plural)
paduse (singular vocative)
paduses (plural vocative)

From pa- + an older term *dusa (“arm, shoulder”) (maybe *dusis?), from Proto-Balto-Slavic *dus-, from the zero grade *dus- of Proto-Indo-European *dóws (“arm”) (whence Sanskrit दोषान् (doṣán-), दो (do, “arm, forearm”), Avestan 𐬛𐬀𐬊𐬱- (daoš-, “upper arm, shoulder”)). Cognates include Old Church Slavonic пазуха (pazuxa), Belarusian, Ukrainian and Russian па́зуха (pázuxa), Czech, Polish pazucha.

paduses artērija

turēt ko padusē

likt, ielikt termometru padusē

to set a thermometer into someone's armpit

(anatomy) armpit (cavity beneath the junction of arm and shoulder)

lapu paduses

(botany) space under a stem or (forked) branch


Valentina

Валенти́на Валентина#Russian

A transliteration of the Russian female given name Валенти́на (Valentína).


murgi

murgi (nominative plural)
murgu (genitive plural)
murgiem (dative plural)
murgus (accusative plural)
murgiem (instrumental plural)
murgos (locative plural)
murgi (plural vocative)


čība

čība (nominative singular)
čības (nominative plural)
čības (genitive singular)
čību (genitive plural)
čībai (dative singular)
čībām (dative plural)
čību (accusative singular)
čības (accusative plural)
čību (instrumental singular)
čībām (instrumental plural)
čībā (locative singular)
čībās (locative plural)
čība (singular vocative)
čības (plural vocative)

ādas, drēbes čības

tamborētas čības

siltas čības

vingrošanas čības

staigāt čībās

(usually in the plural) slipper (low, soft shoe easily slipped in and out, intended for indoors use)


piere

piere (nominative singular)
pieres (nominative plural)
pieres (genitive singular)
pieru (genitive plural)
pierei (dative singular)
pierēm (dative plural)
pieri (accusative singular)
pieres (accusative plural)
pieri (instrumental singular)
pierēm (instrumental plural)
pierē (locative singular)
pierēs (locative plural)
piere (singular vocative)
pieres (plural vocative)

From an earlier *priere ( > piere by dissimilation), from *prie (“in front of, ahead of”). The meaning change, “in front of” > “forehead,” is similar to the evolution of the English term (compare fore).

augsta, zema piere

plata, šaura piere

pieres kauls

noslaucīt sviedrus no pieres

(sa)raukt, (sa)raut, (sa)vilkt pieri

to frown (lit. to pull, tighten one's forehead)

(anatomy) forehead (part of the human face between the hair and the eyebrows)

ļoti laba jēru barība rudenī ir cukurbiešu lapas kopā ar biešu pierēm

very good food for lambs in the autumn is sugar beet leaves together with beet foreheads

(botany) a shrunk stem or trunk, on the surface of which leaves can grow


ūdens

lv-noun

ūdens m (2nd declension, irregular nominative, genitive)

ūdens (nominative singular)
ūdeņi (nominative plural)
ūdens (genitive singular)
ūdeņu (genitive plural)
ūdenim (dative singular)
ūdeņiem (dative plural)
ūdeni (accusative singular)
ūdeņus (accusative plural)
ūdeni (instrumental singular)
ūdeņiem (instrumental plural)
ūdenī (locative singular)
ūdeņos (locative plural)
ūdeni (singular vocative)
ūdeņi (plural vocative)

From Proto-Baltic *ūden- (or perhaps from Proto-Balto-Slavic *wandō), from the r/n-heteroclitic Proto-Indo-European noun *wódr̥, *wédōr, itself from a stem *wed- (“to moisten”).
In Latvian, only the n-form of the stem survived in ūdens, but the r-form can be seen in the related term ūdrs (“otter”). The lack of initial v in Latvian also suggests that a specific dialectal term was generalized: v-initial forms can still be found in geographic names (e.g. the river Vadakste, the word vads in its dialectal senses: creek, swampy forest, etc., and place names derived from it, like Mēnešvads, Alkšņa vads, etc.).
Cognates include Lithuanian vanduõ, dialectal unduõ, únduo, Old Prussian unds m, wundan n, Proto-Slavic *voda (Old Church Slavonic, Belarusian, Ukrainian, Bulgarian, Russian вода́ (vodá), Czech voda, Polish woda), Old Church Slavonic вѣдро (vědro, “small vessel”), Russian ведро́ (vedró, “bucket”), Ukrainian відро́ (vidró), Czech vědro, Polish wiadro, Proto-Germanic *watōr (Gothic 𐍅𐌰𐍄𐍉 (watō), Old High German wazzar, German Wasser, English water, wet), Hittite wātar (< *wódr̥), Sanskrit उदन् (udán), Ancient Greek ὕδωρ (húdōr), Latin unda (“wave”) (from *udn- with metathesis).

cog

smagais ūdens

ūdens molekula

tīrs, skaidrs ūdens

dzeramais ūdens

duļķains ūdens

mīksts, ciets ūdens

vārīts, destilēts, gāzēts ūdens

jūras, upes, lietus ūdens

ūdens ceļš, ūdensceļš

saldūdens, sālsūdens

atmosfēras, augsnes ūdens

artēziskais ūdens

tējas, kafijas ūdens

tea, coffee water (i.e., boiled for tea, coffee)

svētais ūdens

ūdens saturs šķīdumā

ūdens lāse, strūkla

ūdens tvaiks

ūdens krājumi, resursi

ūdens apgāde

ūdens tek, plūst, pil

smelt, dzert, attīrīt ūdeni

ūdenī šķīstoša viela

mazgāties aukstā ūdenī

ūdens tilpe, ūdenstilpe

ūdens līmenis

virs, zem ūdens

ūdens nelaime

ūdens riņķojums dabā

water (transparent liquid substance formed by hydrogen and oxygen; H₂O)

virszemes, sauszemes ūdeņi

pazemes ūdeņi

groundwater, underground water (lit. waters)

ārstnieciskie ūdeņi

palu ūdeņi

termālie ūdeņi

(in the plural) waters (large amounts, large bodies of water)

zvejas ūdeņi

teritoriālie ūdeņi

iekšējie ūdeņi

starptautiskie ūdeņi

(in the plural) water (a body, bodies of water with a specific use, or belonging to a specific region or country)

ūdens terapija, diēta

ūdens dziednīca

ūdens apkure

ūdens turbīna

ūdens spainis, sūknis

ūdens pulkstenis

ūdens šķīdums

ūdens krāns

(genitive, used adjectivally) water, aquatic, aqua- (using, relating to water)

ūdens transports

ūdenssports

ūdensslēpes

ūdens polo

(genitive, used adjectivally) water, aquatic (relating to bodies of water)

ūdens augi, ūdensaugi

ūdens lilija, ūdens roze, ūdensroze

ūdens zāle, ūdenszāle

ūdens dzīvnieki, ūdensdzīvnieki

ūdens putni, ūdensputni

ūdens gliemji, kukaiņi

(genitive, used adjectivally) water, aquatic (which lives, is situated, in or near bodies of water, or in water-rich areas)

ūdens gabals

piece of water (= contentless, excessively long text)

tu slauc pareizu pienu, bet, mīļā māt, tavas meitas dzied dziesmas, kam ūdens klāt!

you milk good milk, but, dear mother, your daughters sing songs that are covered with water

(colloquial, of texts, words) watery, uninteresting, boring; empty, meaningless


debess

debess (nominative singular)
debesis (nominative plural)
debess (genitive singular)
debesu (genitive plural)
debesij (dative singular)
debesīm (dative plural)
debesi (accusative singular)
debesis (accusative plural)
debesi (instrumental singular)
debesīm (instrumental plural)
debesī (locative singular)
debesīs (locative plural)
debess (singular vocative)
debesis (plural vocative)

(chiefly in the plural, theology) heaven, paradise

(chiefly in the plural, archaic) cloud (compare mākonis)


sirds

sirds (nominative singular)
sirdis (nominative plural)
sirds (genitive singular)
siržu (genitive plural)
sirdij (dative singular)
sirdīm (dative plural)
sirdi (accusative singular)
sirdis (accusative plural)
sirdi (instrumental singular)
sirdīm (instrumental plural)
sirdī (locative singular)
sirdīs (locative plural)
sirds (singular vocative)
sirdis (plural vocative)

From older sirdis (attested in 17th-century texts), from Proto-Balto-Slavic *śḗr, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱḗr.

sirds pukst

sirds sit

the heart is jumping (lit. beating, i.e., heavily)

sirds slimības

sirds pārsitieni

sirds mazspēja

sirds trokšņi

sirds zāles

sirds darbojas normāli

sirds ir mūsu galvenais orgāns

circulatory system
circulatory system#English

(anatomy) heart (the central organ of the circulatory system which causes the blood to flow through the blood vessels by means of rhythmic muscular contractions)

sirds kalps

sirds dūzis

kapteinis sāka dalīt kārtis, un Vilks izklaidīgi ņēma tās pretī… tur bija viens kalps un trīs dāmas: krusta, kārava un sirds

the captain started dealing the cards, and Vilks absent-mindedly took them… there were three queens: clubs, diamonds, and hearts

(card games) hearts (one of the four suits of playing cards, marked with the symbol ♥)


pludmale

pludmale (nominative singular)
pludmales (nominative plural)
pludmales (genitive singular)
pludmaļu (genitive plural)
pludmalei (dative singular)
pludmalēm (dative plural)
pludmali (accusative singular)
pludmales (accusative plural)
pludmali (instrumental singular)
pludmalēm (instrumental plural)
pludmalē (locative singular)
pludmalēs (locative plural)
pludmale (singular vocative)
pludmales (plural vocative)

Apparently from plūst (“to flow (past stem plūd-)”) + male (“side?”), the latter being apparently a variant of mala (“side, shore”).

compound

to flow <small>(past stem plūd-</small>)

smilšaina pludmale

oļaina pludmale

saulaina pludmale

kūrorta labiekārtota pludmale

pludmales volejbols

nonākuši pludmalē, bērni redz okeānu

arriving at the beach, the children see the ocean

beach (seashore component, usually consisting of sand or pebbles, formed by the action of the waters)


Miha

Miha (nominative singular)
Mihas (nominative plural)
Mihas (genitive singular)
Mihu (genitive plural)
Mihai (dative singular)
Mihām (dative plural)
Mihu (accusative singular)
Mihas (accusative plural)
Mihu (instrumental singular)
Mihām (instrumental plural)
Mihā (locative singular)
Mihās (locative plural)
Miha (singular vocative)
Mihas (plural vocative)


abats

lv-noun

abats m (1st declension, feminine form: abate)

abate (feminine)
abats (nominative singular)
abati (nominative plural)
abata (genitive singular)
abatu (genitive plural)
abatam (dative singular)
abatiem (dative plural)
abatu (accusative singular)
abatus (accusative plural)
abatu (instrumental singular)
abatiem (instrumental plural)
abatā (locative singular)
abatos (locative plural)
abat (singular vocative)
abati (plural vocative)

Via other European languages, ultimately borrowed from Latin abbās (“father”), from Ancient Greek ἀββᾶς (abbâs), from Aramaic אבא (’abbā, “father”).

abats ir Romas katoļu baznīcas goda tituls

abbot is an honorific title of the Roman Catholic church

abats nēsā mitru un gana zizli

the abbot carries a mitre (hat) and a shepherd's staff

abbot (the (male) leader of a Catholic abbey or monastery)


latvis

latvis m (2nd declension, feminine form: latve)

latve (feminine)
latvis (nominative singular)
latvji (nominative plural)
latvja (genitive singular)
latvju (genitive plural)
latvim (dative singular)
latvjiem (dative plural)
latvi (accusative singular)
latvjus (accusative plural)
latvi (instrumental singular)
latvjiem (instrumental plural)
latvī (locative singular)
latvjos (locative plural)
latvi (singular vocative)
latvji (plural vocative)

→ German: Lette

→ Russian: латы́ш (latýš)

Presumably from earlier *latuvis or *latavis, apparently from a proper name *Latuva or *Latava, applying to some region or river (cf. similar river names in Lithuania: Latavà, Latuvà, also Lãtupis. The initial element Lat-, also found in latgalis (“Latgalian”), may itself have come from an old river name *Lata, perhaps from Proto-Baltic *lat-, from Proto-Indo-European *lat-, *let-, *lot- (“to flow”), reflected in Old Irish laith (“liquid; ale, liquor”) (< *lati), lathach (“silt, mud”) (< *latàkā), Old Norse leþja (“clay; dregs, sludge”), Old High German letto (“clay”), and perhaps Ancient Greek λάταξ (látax, “drop”).
There are other river and lake names in Europe with a possibly related element lat-, let- in them (Letes, Late, Latupi, Lator patak, Latorica, Lataná). The term latvis, mentioned since the 17th century, was in principle replaced by latvietis already in the 19th century, but was reintroduced into the standard language from poetry. Cognates include Lithuanian lãtvis, Russian латыш (latyš), Polish Łotysz, German Lette, English Lett, Estonian läti, Finnish lätti.

a (male) Latvian, a Lett; a member of the Latvian ethnic group

latvju dainas

latvju zeme

latvju strēlnieki

(genitive plural): Latvian, pertaining to Latvia and its people


bronza

bronza (nominative singular)
bronzas (nominative plural)
bronzas (genitive singular)
bronzu (genitive plural)
bronzai (dative singular)
bronzām (dative plural)
bronzu (accusative singular)
bronzas (accusative plural)
bronzu (instrumental singular)
bronzām (instrumental plural)
bronzā (locative singular)
bronzās (locative plural)
bronza (singular vocative)
bronzas (plural vocative)


diegs

diegs (nominative singular)
diegi (nominative plural)
diega (genitive singular)
diegu (genitive plural)
diegam (dative singular)
diegiem (dative plural)
diegu (accusative singular)
diegus (accusative plural)
diegu (instrumental singular)
diegiem (instrumental plural)
diegā (locative singular)
diegos (locative plural)
dieg (singular vocative)
diegi (plural vocative)


vīrs

vīrs (nominative singular)
vīri (nominative plural)
vīra (genitive singular)
vīru (genitive plural)
vīram (dative singular)
vīriem (dative plural)
vīru (accusative singular)
vīrus (accusative plural)
vīru (instrumental singular)
vīriem (instrumental plural)
vīrā (locative singular)
vīros (locative plural)
vīrs (singular vocative)
vīri (plural vocative)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *wī́ˀras, from Proto-Indo-European *wiHrós “man” < “strong one”, from the stem *weyh₁- (“to go, move in a straight direction; to be strong”) (cf. Latin vīs (“strength”)). Cognates include Lithuanian výras, Old Prussian wijrs, wirs, Gothic 𐍅𐌰𐌹𐍂 (wair), Old High German wer, Old Norse verr, Old Irish fer, Sanskrit वीर (vīrá), Avestan 𐬬𐬌𐬭𐬀 (vira), 𐬬𐬍𐬭𐬀 (vīra), Latin vir.

pusmūža vīrs

stalts vīrs

omulīgs vīrs

lāga vīrs

spēka vīrs

goda vīrs

īsts vīrs

vīru koris, vīriešu koris

sardzes vīrs

darba vīrs

karavīrs

ugunsdzēsēju komandas vīri

fire-brigade men (= firemen, firefighters)

(in combination with a word describing an occupation) a man who works, deals with something


sniegs

sniegs (nominative singular)
sniegi (nominative plural)
sniega (genitive singular)
sniegu (genitive plural)
sniegam (dative singular)
sniegiem (dative plural)
sniegu (accusative singular)
sniegus (accusative plural)
sniegu (instrumental singular)
sniegiem (instrumental plural)
sniegā (locative singular)
sniegos (locative plural)
snieg (singular vocative)
sniegi (plural vocative)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *snáigas (> Latvian *snaigs, which, under the influence of forms of the verb snigt (“to snow”), became sniegs; compare Lithuanian snaĩgė (“snowflake”), still with the original ai), from Proto-Indo-European *snóygʷʰos.

sniegs snieg

sniega pārslas, kristāli

sniega ūdens, sniegūdens

sniega vīrs, sniegavīrs

sniega vētra

smalks, dziļš, irdens sniegs

slapjš, sauss, irdens sniegs

sniega kupena

sniegs sāk kust

sniega lāpsta

tīrīt sniegu no ceļa

balts kā sniegs

snow (frozen water that falls as precipitation)


kultūra

kultūra (nominative singular)
kultūras (nominative plural)
kultūras (genitive singular)
kultūru (genitive plural)
kultūrai (dative singular)
kultūrām (dative plural)
kultūru (accusative singular)
kultūras (accusative plural)
kultūru (instrumental singular)
kultūrām (instrumental plural)
kultūrā (locative singular)
kultūrās (locative plural)
kultūra (singular vocative)
kultūras (plural vocative)


cinamons

cinamons (nominative singular)
cinamoni (nominative plural)
cinamona (genitive singular)
cinamonu (genitive plural)
cinamonam (dative singular)
cinamoniem (dative plural)
cinamonu (accusative singular)
cinamonus (accusative plural)
cinamonu (instrumental singular)
cinamoniem (instrumental plural)
cinamonā (locative singular)
cinamonos (locative plural)
cinamon (singular vocative)
cinamoni (plural vocative)


helikopters

helikopters (nominative singular)
helikopteri (nominative plural)
helikoptera (genitive singular)
helikopteru (genitive plural)
helikopteram (dative singular)
helikopteriem (dative plural)
helikopteru (accusative singular)
helikopterus (accusative plural)
helikopteru (instrumental singular)
helikopteriem (instrumental plural)
helikopterā (locative singular)
helikopteros (locative plural)
helikopter (singular vocative)
helikopteri (plural vocative)

From French hélicoptère, from Ancient Greek ἕλιξ (hélix, “spiral”) + πτερόν (pterón, “wing”).

reaktīvais helikopters

kombinētais helikopters

virs maģistrālēm, pa kurām jo sevišķi liela transporta kustība, kursēs helikopters ar Valsts autoinspekcijas pārstāvjiem

above the main roads, on which there was a lot of traffic (lit. transportation movement), the helicopter with the government (traffic) inspectors followed its route

helicopter (aircraft that flies with one or more sets of long rotating blades)


itāļu valoda

itāļu valoda (nominative singular)
itāļu valodas (genitive singular)
itāļu valodai (dative singular)
itāļu valodu (accusative singular)
itāļu valodu (instrumental singular)
itāļu valodā (locative singular)
itāļu valoda (singular vocative)


zelts

zelts (nominative singular)
zelta (genitive singular)
zeltam (dative singular)
zeltu (accusative singular)
zeltu (instrumental singular)
zeltā (locative singular)
zelt (singular vocative)

From Proto-Baltic *želtas (“gold”), itself from *žel-t-, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰelh₃- (“yellow; gleam; to shine”). (From a variant *gʰel-, *gʷʰel- comes dzeltens (“yellow”), which was also the original meaning of the adjectival form of zelts.) Cognates include dialectal Lithuanian želtas (“golden, blond”), Old Prussian sealtmeno (/zealtmeno/, “oriole (yellow bird)”) (from *zēltmeno), Proto-Slavic *zolto (Old Church Slavonic злато (zlato), Ukrainian зо́лото (zóloto), Belarusian зо́лата (zólata), Bulgarian злато́ (zlató), Czech zlato, Polish złoto), Sanskrit हरि (hari, “to be yellow, green”), Proto-Germanic *gulþą (Old Norse gull, Old High German gold, German Gold, Dutch goud, Swedish guld, English gold); compare also Persian زر (zar), Northern Kurdish zêrr.

cog

tīrradņa zelts

zelta rūda

zelta hlorīds

zelta monēta, gredzens, pulkstenis, medaļa


vēstule

vēstule (nominative singular)
vēstules (nominative plural)
vēstules (genitive singular)
vēstuļu (genitive plural)
vēstulei (dative singular)
vēstulēm (dative plural)
vēstuli (accusative singular)
vēstules (accusative plural)
vēstuli (instrumental singular)
vēstulēm (instrumental plural)
vēstulē (locative singular)
vēstulēs (locative plural)
vēstule (singular vocative)
vēstules (plural vocative)

Coined by Atis Kronvalds in 1869, derived from vēstīt (“to herald, to announce”) (compare vēsts (“news”)). Its form was influenced by Ancient Greek ἐπιστολή (epistolḗ, “letter; command, commission; will”). Krovanlds proposed other related words (vēstulēties “to correspond, exchange letters,” and also vēstulēšanās, vēstulējums, vēstulība) which did not find acceptance. Before Kronvalds' vēstule, the concept of “letter” was expressed as (rakstīta) grāmata; the term breve (from Italian breve (“short writing”), from Latin brevis (“short”); compare German Brief), introduced by the journal Pēterburgas Avīzes (probably by J. Alunāns), did not find acceptance either.

privāta vēstule

oficiāla vēstule

mīlestības vēstule

atplēst vēstuli

ierakstīta, apdrošināta vēstule

atklāta vēstule

vēstules nosūtītājs, saņēmējs

letter (a written message for someone, especially if sent by mail)


vēzis

vēzis (nominative singular)
vēži (nominative plural)
vēža (genitive singular)
vēžu (genitive plural)
vēzim (dative singular)
vēžiem (dative plural)
vēzi (accusative singular)
vēžus (accusative plural)
vēzi (instrumental singular)
vēžiem (instrumental plural)
vēzī (locative singular)
vēžos (locative plural)
vēzi (singular vocative)
vēži (plural vocative)

There are various opinions about the origin of this word. Some derive it from the verb vēzēt (“to swing quickly (from one side to the other)”), or from the verb vēzt (“to drag (sideways, back)”); others relate it to Lithuanian verb vóžti (“to shut, to cover”); others compare it to Sanskrit वाह्यकी (vāhyakī), वाहक (vāhaka, “some poisonous insect”). Cognates include Lithuanian vėžỹs.

jūras vēži

upes vēži

purva vēzis

sarkans kā vārīts vēzis

velkas kā vēzis

(it) drags itself like a crayfish (= slowly)

kuņģa, plaušu, krūts vēzis

vēža slimnieks

(medicine, pathology) cancer (disease characterized by uncontrolled cellular growth)

āboliņa vēzis

augļu koku vēzis

kartupeļu vēzis

(botany) plant disease characterized by growths on the trunk or roots


pūķis

pūķis (nominative singular)
pūķi (nominative plural)
pūķa (genitive singular)
pūķu (genitive plural)
pūķim (dative singular)
pūķiem (dative plural)
pūķi (accusative singular)
pūķus (accusative plural)
pūķi (instrumental singular)
pūķiem (instrumental plural)
pūķī (locative singular)
pūķos (locative plural)
pūķi (singular vocative)
pūķi (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Old Norse púki (“demon, evil spirit”), from Proto-Germanic *pūkô; compare Swedish puke (“house spirit”).

naudas pūķis

mantas pūķis

(mythology, religion) in old Latvian mythology, a household spirit that could be bought, bred, or stolen, and protected the wealth of his owner

pūķis ar deviņām galvām

pūķa gads

the year of the dragon (Chinese calendar)

dragon, winged serpent (reptilian monster that spits fire and devours people and animals)

papīra pūķis

daudzplākšņu pūķi

kite (toy made usually of colored paper that flies in the air, and is controlled from below with a line)


himna

himna (nominative singular)
himnas (nominative plural)
himnas (genitive singular)
himnu (genitive plural)
himnai (dative singular)
himnām (dative plural)
himnu (accusative singular)
himnas (accusative plural)
himnu (instrumental singular)
himnām (instrumental plural)
himnā (locative singular)
himnās (locative plural)
himna (singular vocative)
himnas (plural vocative)


miegs

miegs (nominative singular)
miegi (nominative plural)
miega (genitive singular)
miegu (genitive plural)
miegam (dative singular)
miegiem (dative plural)
miegu (accusative singular)
miegus (accusative plural)
miegu (instrumental singular)
miegiem (instrumental plural)
miegā (locative singular)
miegos (locative plural)
mieg (singular vocative)
miegi (plural vocative)

From Proto-Baltic *meyg- (Eastern Baltic *mieg-), from Proto-Indo-European *meygʰ-, from the stem *mey- (“to press, to hit”) with an extra -g(ʰ)- (whence also Latvian miegt “to press, to squeeze”). The original meaning was thus “closing, pressing together” (the eyelids), from which “sleep”. Cognates include Lithuanian miẽgas, miegóti (“to sleep”), Old Prussian enmigguns (“asleep”), meicte (“to sleep”), maiggun (“sleep (accusative)”), Old Church Slavonic помигати (pomigati, “to blink, to wink”), Russian мигать (migatʹ), мжить (mžitʹ, “to doze off, to take a nap”), Ukrainian мига́ти (myháty, “to blink, to wink”), Bulgarian ми́гам (mígam), Czech mihati, Polish migać.

salds, dziļš miegs

nakts, rīta miegs

hipnotiskais miegs

miega zāles

miega līdzeklis

miega traucējumi

iegrimt miegā

runāt miegā

aizdzīt miegu

tonakt man ilgi nenāca miegs

that night I couldn't fall asleep (lit. sleep didn't come to me) for a long time

sleep (the act or state of sleeping, of being asleep)


pornogrāfija

pornogrāfija (nominative singular)
pornogrāfijas (nominative plural)
pornogrāfijas (genitive singular)
pornogrāfiju (genitive plural)
pornogrāfijai (dative singular)
pornogrāfijām (dative plural)
pornogrāfiju (accusative singular)
pornogrāfijas (accusative plural)
pornogrāfiju (instrumental singular)
pornogrāfijām (instrumental plural)
pornogrāfijā (locative singular)
pornogrāfijās (locative plural)
pornogrāfija (singular vocative)
pornogrāfijas (plural vocative)

ir zinātniski pierādīts, ka pornogrāfijas patēriņš negatīvi ietekmē cilvēka smadzenes

it has been scientifically proven that the consumption of pornography has a negative effect on the human brain

pornography (vulgar naturalistic, indecent depiction of sexual life, intercourse in literature, fine arts, cinema, etc.)

pornography (work with such representation)


lustra

lustra (nominative singular)
lustras (nominative plural)
lustras (genitive singular)
lustru (genitive plural)
lustrai (dative singular)
lustrām (dative plural)
lustru (accusative singular)
lustras (accusative plural)
lustru (instrumental singular)
lustrām (instrumental plural)
lustrā (locative singular)
lustrās (locative plural)
lustra (singular vocative)
lustras (plural vocative)

Via other European languages (cf. e.g. French lustre), ultimately borrowed from Latin lustrō (“to purify; to make bright”).

bor

kristāla lustra

masīva lustra

senlaicīga lustra

ir saglabājušās 18. un 19. gadsimta lustras ar barokam tipisko risinājumu

(some) 18th- and 19th-century chandeliers have been preserved, with their typical baroque build

lai katra dzīvoklī būtu gaumīgas galda lampas, lustras, stāvlampas, rūpējas Rīgas apgaismes iekārtu rūpnīca

the Riga lighting equipment factory strives so that every apartment and house has tasteful table lamps, chandeliers and floor lamps

chandelier (illumination device that hangs from the ceiling and consists of several candle or light bulb holders)


Viktorija

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in 1535. From Latin Victoria. The Australian state was borrowed from English Victoria.

Виктория Виктория#Russian

A transliteration of the Russian female given name Виктория (Viktorija).

A respelling of the English female given name Victoria.


Persefone

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Περσεφόνη (Persephónē).


nāve

nāve (nominative singular)
nāves (nominative plural)
nāves (genitive singular)
nāvju (genitive plural)
nāvei (dative singular)
nāvēm (dative plural)
nāvi (accusative singular)
nāves (accusative plural)
nāvi (instrumental singular)
nāvēm (instrumental plural)
nāvē (locative singular)
nāvēs (locative plural)
nāve (singular vocative)
nāves (plural vocative)

Originally an i-stem (*nāvis; compare dialectal nāvs) changed by analogy into a 5th-declension e-stem; from Proto-Balto-Slavic *nā́ˀwis, from Proto-Indo-European *neh₂wis, from the stem *neh₂w- (“death”). There is also a stem *néh₂us (“boat, ship”) (compare Latin navis, Ancient Greek ναῦς (naûs), Sanskrit नाव (nāva), Proto-Scythian *nā́w (“boat, ship”), Tajik нов (nov, “gutter”), Norwegian Bokmål nu (“hod, trough”). It is possible that these two *neh₂w-'s were originally one stem, with the meaning “timber, tree” (compare Sanskrit वन (vana, “timber, tree, forest”), apparently with metathesis of v and n), from which the meaning would change in two ways: on the one hand, “timber, tree” > “dug-out tree” > “boat, ship”, and, on the other hand, “timber, tree” > “tree stump, dead tree” > “dead body; death.”
Cognates include Lithuanian nõvis (“death”), nõvė (“slaughtering, killing; unknown disease; yoke; coercion”), Old Prussian nowis (“body, flesh”), Russian dialectal навей (navej), навь (navʹ), навье (navʹje, “corpse, dead body”), Czech archaic nav (“tomb, hell, beyond”), Gothic 𐌽𐌰𐌿𐍃 (naus, “dead body, corpse”), genitive 𐌽𐌰𐍅𐌹𐍃 (nawis), Breton naoun (“hunger”) (< Proto-Celtic *nāunyā).

cog

dzīvības un nāves jautājums

atra, drīza nāve

viegla nāve

mokpilna nāve

dabiska, pēkšņa nāve

klīniska nāve

bada nāve

nāves diena, brīdis

sodīt ar nāvi

piespriest nāvi

nāves sods, nāvessods

izglābties no (drošas) nāves

mirt varoņa nāve

mirt traģiskā nāvē

līdz nāvei

dzīvības un nāves dialektiskā vienība

galvenie nāves cēloņi ir asinsrites orgānu slimības, ļaundabīgie audzēji un nelaimes gadījumi

the main causes of death are circulatory system diseases, cancers and accidents


tauta

tauta (nominative singular)
tautas (nominative plural)
tautas (genitive singular)
tautu (genitive plural)
tautai (dative singular)
tautām (dative plural)
tautu (accusative singular)
tautas (accusative plural)
tautu (instrumental singular)
tautām (instrumental plural)
tautā (locative singular)
tautās (locative plural)
tauta (singular vocative)
tautas (plural vocative)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *tawtā-, from Proto-Indo-European *towtā, an o-grade form of *tewtā-, *tewtéh₂ (“throng, multitude; people; land”), from the stem *tew- (“to swell”).
This word had several meanings in its history, often still found in folk tales: “(group of) foreigners,” “strangers,” “enemy tribe,” etc. (Compare Proto-Slavic *ťȗďь). In the 17th century, ļaudis, not tauta, was used in the sense of “people, nation.” In translations of German texts, (non-native) translators often used tauta to mean also “tribe,” “nation,” “(social) group” (compare German Geschlecht, Gattung), even “(animal or vegetal) species.” In the 19th century, the range of uses was narrowed, especially in the 1850s and 1860s with the first Latvian National Awakening, where the word tauta became associated with the idea of “nation” and was first used to refer to the Latvian people. It then stabilized with its current (political-ethnographic) meaning. Cognates include Lithuanian tautà, Sudovian taud (from *tauta), Old Prussian tauto (“land”), Proto-Germanic *þeudō (Gothic 𐌸𐌹𐌿𐌳𐌰 (þiuda), Old English þeod, Old High German diot, German deutsch, from *þiudiskaz), Old Irish túath (“people, tribe”), Oscan touto (“country, citizens, community”).

latviešu tauta

lietuviešu tauta

vācu tauta

tautas izcelšanās

tautas vēsture

tautu draudzība

kultūras tauta

tautas gars

national spirit (= cultural, spiritual, psychological specificity)

people, nation (historically formed group of people, usually having a common culture, language, and territory)

tautas daiļrade

tautas māksla

tautas teikas

tautas daiļamatniecība

tautas mūzika, dejas

tautas dziesma

tautas ticējumi

tautas ēdieni

tautas tērps

tautas eposs

tautas medicīna, ārstniecība

(in the genitive, used adjectivally) people's, popular, folk, national (that which is typical or traditional of a nation)

tautu meita

(lit. daughter of the people) young woman from another region or family group

tautu dēls

(lit. son of the people) young man from another region or family group

(in folklore; usually plural) people from another region, family group, village