vokālis

vokālis (nominative singular)
vokāļi (nominative plural)
vokāļa (genitive singular)
vokāļu (genitive plural)
vokālim (dative singular)
vokāļiem (dative plural)
vokāli (accusative singular)
vokāļus (accusative plural)
vokāli (instrumental singular)
vokāļiem (instrumental plural)
vokālī (locative singular)
vokāļos (locative plural)
vokāli (singular vocative)
vokāļi (plural vocative)

A borrowing, via some other European language, ultimately from Latin vōcālis (“voiced”).

ritma, lāpāmais vokālis


līdzskanis

līdzskanis (nominative singular)
līdzskaņi (nominative plural)
līdzskaņa (genitive singular)
līdzskaņu (genitive plural)
līdzskanim (dative singular)
līdzskaņiem (dative plural)
līdzskani (accusative singular)
līdzskaņus (accusative plural)
līdzskani (instrumental singular)
līdzskaņiem (instrumental plural)
līdzskanī (locative singular)
līdzskaņos (locative plural)
līdzskani (singular vocative)
līdzskaņi (plural vocative)

A term coined by Atis Kronvalds in the second half of the 19th century, from līdz(i) (“(together) with”) + skan(ēt) (“to sound”), made into a 2nd-declension noun (ending -is). It is a calque of German Mitlaut, from mit (“with”) and Laut (“sound”), itself a calque of Latin cōnsonans, from cōn- (“with”) and sonō (“to sound”).
It (and its alternative form līdzskaņa) competed with other proposed coinages, such as K. Biezbārdis' klaudzis and M. Kaudzīte's neskanis, until the end of the 19th century. After J. Endzelīns' and K. Mīlenbahs' 1907 Latviešu Gramatika, the form līdzskanis stabilized. It became accepted as a standard linguistic term in the 1920s.

compound

balsīgi un nebalsīgi līdzskaņi

dubultoti līdzskaņi

līdzskaņu klasifikācija

cietais līdzskanis

mīkstais līdzskanis

(phonetics, phonology) consonant (language sound pronounced with some kind of obstruction in the vocal tract)


divskanis

divskanis (nominative singular)
divskaņi (nominative plural)
divskaņa (genitive singular)
divskaņu (genitive plural)
divskanim (dative singular)
divskaņiem (dative plural)
divskani (accusative singular)
divskaņus (accusative plural)
divskani (instrumental singular)
divskaņiem (instrumental plural)
divskanī (locative singular)
divskaņos (locative plural)
divskani (singular vocative)
divskaņi (plural vocative)

Coined by Andrejs Stērste in 1879, from div(i) (“two”) + skan(ēt) (“to sound”).

latviešu valodas divskaņi

(phonetics, phonology) diphthong (sequence of two different vowels pronounced in one syllable)


triftongs

triftongs (nominative singular)
triftongi (nominative plural)
triftonga (genitive singular)
triftongu (genitive plural)
triftongam (dative singular)
triftongiem (dative plural)
triftongu (accusative singular)
triftongus (accusative plural)
triftongu (instrumental singular)
triftongiem (instrumental plural)
triftongā (locative singular)
triftongos (locative plural)
triftong (singular vocative)
triftongi (plural vocative)

A borrowing, via some other European language, ultimately from Ancient Greek τρία (tría, “three”) and φθόγγος (phthóngos, “sound”).

triftonga komponenti

(phonetics, phonology) triphthong (sequence of three different vowels pronounced in one syllable)


skaņa

skaņa (nominative singular)
skaņas (nominative plural)
skaņas (genitive singular)
skaņu (genitive plural)
skaņai (dative singular)
skaņām (dative plural)
skaņu (accusative singular)
skaņas (accusative plural)
skaņu (instrumental singular)
skaņām (instrumental plural)
skaņā (locative singular)
skaņās (locative plural)
skaņa (singular vocative)
skaņas (plural vocative)

A 17th-century derivation from the stem of the verb skanēt (“to sound”) (q.v.): *skan-ya > skaņa, alongside the simpler (dialectal) form skans.

skaņas augstums

skaņas frekvence, ātrums

skaņas skaļums, intensitāte, enerģija

skaņas tembrs, spektrs, spiediens

skaņas izkliede, slāpēšana

skaņas avots, izolācija

(physics, acoustics) sound (wave-like vibrations in the air or some similar medium which are capable of causing auditory sensations)

spalga skaņa

dzidra skaņa

dobjas skaņas

augsta, zema skaņa

motora skaņa

ērģeļu skaņas

valša skaņas

skaņu ieraksts

skaņu skala

skaņas telegrāfs

skaņu kino

sound (the auditory effect of these vibrations)

valodas skaņu klasifikācija

īsa, gara skaņa

skaņu kvantitāte, kvalitāte

laringāla skaņa

skaņu mija

(linguistics, phonetics) sound (smallest articulatory unit in language)


vokāls

head

vokāls (definite vokālais, adverb vokāli)

vokālais (definite)
vokāli (adverb)
vokāls (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
vokāli (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
vokāla (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
vokālas (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
vokāla (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
vokālu (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
vokālas (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
vokālu (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
vokālam (dative indefinite masculine singular)
vokāliem (dative indefinite masculine plural)
vokālai (dative feminine indefinite singular)
vokālām (dative feminine indefinite plural)
vokālu (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
vokālus (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
vokālu (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
vokālas (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
vokālu (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
vokāliem (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
vokālu (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
vokālām (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
vokālā (indefinite locative masculine singular)
vokālos (indefinite locative masculine plural)
vokālā (feminine indefinite locative singular)
vokālās (feminine indefinite locative plural)

A borrowing, via some European language, ultimately from Latin vōcālis (“voiced”).

vokālā mūzika

vokālā māksla

(music) vocal (relating to voice, to singing)


akustiķis

lv-noun

akustiķis m (2nd declension, feminine form: akustiķe)

akustiķe (feminine)
akustiķis (nominative singular)
akustiķi (nominative plural)
akustiķa (genitive singular)
akustiķu (genitive plural)
akustiķim (dative singular)
akustiķiem (dative plural)
akustiķi (accusative singular)
akustiķus (accusative plural)
akustiķi (instrumental singular)
akustiķiem (instrumental plural)
akustiķī (locative singular)
akustiķos (locative plural)
akustiķi (singular vocative)
akustiķi (plural vocative)

Latvijas akustiķu apvienība


akustiķe

akustiķe f (5th declension, masculine form: akustiķis)

akustiķis (masculine)
akustiķe (nominative singular)
akustiķes (nominative plural)
akustiķes (genitive singular)
akustiķu (genitive plural)
akustiķei (dative singular)
akustiķēm (dative plural)
akustiķi (accusative singular)
akustiķes (accusative plural)
akustiķi (instrumental singular)
akustiķēm (instrumental plural)
akustiķē (locative singular)
akustiķēs (locative plural)
akustiķe (singular vocative)
akustiķes (plural vocative)

From akustiķis (“acoustician”) + -e (“fem.”).

dzirdes akustiķe Evita Dūdare

the hearingacoustician (= phonoaudologist) Evita Dūdare

(female) acoustician (a specialist in acoustics)


fizioloģija

fizioloģija (nominative singular)
fizioloģijas (genitive singular)
fizioloģijai (dative singular)
fizioloģiju (accusative singular)
fizioloģiju (instrumental singular)
fizioloģijā (locative singular)
fizioloģija (singular vocative)

Via some European language, ultimately from Latin physiologia, from Ancient Greek φυσιολογία (phusiología, “natural philosophy”), from φύσις (phúsis, “nature”) and λόγος (lógos, “word, treatise”) with the suffix -ία (-ía) (Latvian -ija).

uder

dzīvnieku un cilvēka fizioloģija

augu fizioloģija

vispārīgā, speciālā, salīdzinošā fizioloģija

general, special, comparative physiology

normālā, patoloģiskā, klīniskā fizioloģija

normal, patological, clinical physiology

uztura, darba, sporta fizioloģija

physiology (branch of biology that studies the processes of life, the functioning of living organisms and their parts)

augstākās nervu darbības fizioloģija

the physiology of higher nervous activity

physiology (the life processes and functioning of living organisms and their parts)


fiziologs

lv-noun

fiziologs m (1st declension, feminine form: fizioloģe)

fizioloģe (feminine)
fiziologs (nominative singular)
fiziologi (nominative plural)
fiziologa (genitive singular)
fiziologu (genitive plural)
fiziologam (dative singular)
fiziologiem (dative plural)
fiziologu (accusative singular)
fiziologus (accusative plural)
fiziologu (instrumental singular)
fiziologiem (instrumental plural)
fiziologā (locative singular)
fiziologos (locative plural)
fiziolog (singular vocative)
fiziologi (plural vocative)

(male) physiologist (a specialist in physiology)


fizioloģe

fizioloģe f (5th declension, masculine form: fiziologs)

fiziologs (masculine)
fizioloģe (nominative singular)
fizioloģes (nominative plural)
fizioloģes (genitive singular)
fizioloģu (genitive plural)
fizioloģei (dative singular)
fizioloģēm (dative plural)
fizioloģi (accusative singular)
fizioloģes (accusative plural)
fizioloģi (instrumental singular)
fizioloģēm (instrumental plural)
fizioloģē (locative singular)
fizioloģēs (locative plural)
fizioloģe (singular vocative)
fizioloģes (plural vocative)

From fiziologs (“physiologist”) + -e (“fem.”) (with palatalization of g to ģ).

suffix

(female) physiologist (a specialist in physiology)


šķīvis

šķīvis (nominative singular)
šķīvji (nominative plural)
šķīvja (genitive singular)
šķīvju (genitive plural)
šķīvim (dative singular)
šķīvjiem (dative plural)
šķīvi (accusative singular)
šķīvjus (accusative plural)
šķīvi (instrumental singular)
šķīvjiem (instrumental plural)
šķīvī (locative singular)
šķīvjos (locative plural)
šķīvi (singular vocative)
šķīvji (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Middle High German schive (“disk, round plate, dish”), or maybe from Middle Dutch schijf or an East Frisian word (compare Saterland Frisian Schieuwe, Skieuwe; also compare German Scheibe). The borrowing is first mentioned in 17th-century dictionaries (as šķīva), in competition with another borrowing, tallerķis, telerķis, telēķis (compare German Teller). In the 19th century, a form šķīve is mentioned, especially from Kurzeme, while telerķis was more frequent in Vidzeme. A. Kronvalds used both forms to translate German Teller (šķīvis (telēķis), in 1863). The form šķīvis became standard in the literary language by the end of the 19th century.

bor

es situ šķīvjus visos jaunatnes simfoniskā orķestra koncertos

I play (lit. hit) the cymbals in all youth symphonic orchestra concerts

(music, chiefly plural) cymbals, brass plates (percussion instrument consisting of two metal disks)


aktīvs

aktīvs (nominative singular)
aktīvi (nominative plural)
aktīva (genitive singular)
aktīvu (genitive plural)
aktīvam (dative singular)
aktīviem (dative plural)
aktīvu (accusative singular)
aktīvus (accusative plural)
aktīvu (instrumental singular)
aktīviem (instrumental plural)
aktīvā (locative singular)
aktīvos (locative plural)
aktīv (singular vocative)
aktīvi (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Latin activus indirectly through some other European language.

ir sava grāmatvedība, kur sakrājas visi pasīvi un aktīvi

(it) has its own accounting, in which are gathered all liabilities and assets

(economics) assets (the material properties of a company, including also receivables; part of a budget that lists such properties)


aktīvs

head

aktīvs (definite aktīvais, comparative aktīvāks, superlative visaktīvākais, adverb aktīvi)

aktīvais (definite)
aktīvāks (comparative)
visaktīvākais (superlative)
aktīvi (adverb)
aktīvs (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
aktīvi (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
aktīva (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
aktīvas (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
aktīva (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
aktīvu (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
aktīvas (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
aktīvu (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
aktīvam (dative indefinite masculine singular)
aktīviem (dative indefinite masculine plural)
aktīvai (dative feminine indefinite singular)
aktīvām (dative feminine indefinite plural)
aktīvu (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
aktīvus (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
aktīvu (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
aktīvas (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
aktīvu (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
aktīviem (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
aktīvu (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
aktīvām (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
aktīvā (indefinite locative masculine singular)
aktīvos (indefinite locative masculine plural)
aktīvā (feminine indefinite locative singular)
aktīvās (feminine indefinite locative plural)

aktīva viela

fizioloģiski aktīvs

aktīvā zona

aktīvā ogle

(chemistry, physics, biology) active (capable of reacting; having an effect on something; in which some process happens)


karstums

karstums (nominative singular)
karstumi (nominative plural)
karstuma (genitive singular)
karstumu (genitive plural)
karstumam (dative singular)
karstumiem (dative plural)
karstumu (accusative singular)
karstumus (accusative plural)
karstumu (instrumental singular)
karstumiem (instrumental plural)
karstumā (locative singular)
karstumos (locative plural)
karstum (singular vocative)
karstumi (plural vocative)

sajust ugunskura karstumu

tropiskais karstums

karstums pieņemas, mazinās

pirtī liels karstums

it is very hot (lit. there is big heat) in the sauna

spējš karstums izskrēja caur dzīslām

(usually in the singular) heat (high temperature; the feeling that it generates)

jaunības karstums

mīlas karstumā

diskusiju karstumā

(usually in the singular) heat, strong feelings, temper, passion

pašā darba karstumā mašīnai atgadās ķibele

in the heat of work (i.e., during intense work) the machine had a problem

(usually in the singular) intensity of action

zēnam bija karstumi

gulēt karstumos

(usually in the plural) high body temperature, fever


siltums

siltums (nominative singular)
siltuma (genitive singular)
siltumam (dative singular)
siltumu (accusative singular)
siltumu (instrumental singular)
siltumā (locative singular)
siltum (singular vocative)

saules, ūdens siltums

krāsns siltums

siltuma enerģija

siltuma līdzsvars

siltuma izplatīšanās, plūsma, vadīšana

siltuma starošana, pārvade, pārnese

siltuma zudums

siltuma regulators

siltuma daudzums

(physics) heat (with temperature above its surroundings)


vēsums

vēsums (nominative singular)
vēsuma (genitive singular)
vēsumam (dative singular)
vēsumu (accusative singular)
vēsumu (instrumental singular)
vēsumā (locative singular)
vēsum (singular vocative)

vēsuma sajūta

a cool sensation, a sensation of coolness

cool, cold (feeling caused by moderately low air temperature)


kreiss

kreiss (definite kreisais, comparative kreisāks, superlative viskreisākais, adverb kreisi)

kreisais (definite)
kreisāks (comparative)
viskreisākais (superlative)
kreisi (adverb)
kreiss (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
kreisi (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
kreisa (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
kreisas (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
kreisa (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
kreisu (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
kreisas (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
kreisu (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
kreisam (dative indefinite masculine singular)
kreisiem (dative indefinite masculine plural)
kreisai (dative feminine indefinite singular)
kreisām (dative feminine indefinite plural)
kreisu (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
kreisus (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
kreisu (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
kreisas (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
kreisu (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
kreisiem (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
kreisu (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
kreisām (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
kreisā (indefinite locative masculine singular)
kreisos (indefinite locative masculine plural)
kreisā (feminine indefinite locative singular)
kreisās (feminine indefinite locative plural)

From Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to turn, to bend”), changed to *krei- (whence also kreilis (“left-hander”)), with a suffix -so. The meaning evolved from “bent, crooked” to “not strong, clumsy, weaker, less good,” hence “left (hand),” as opposed to the “good,” “able” right hand. Cognates include Old Prussian crays (“hay”), craysi (“stalk, straw”) (presumably from “that which bends, rocks”).

der

parlamenta kreisās partijas

kreisā frakcija, grupa

kreisais virziens

cik kreiss ir vidējais Latvijas iedzīvotājs?

how (much) left-wing is the average inhabitant of Latvia?

(politics) left, left-wing (politically progressive, in favor of social change; revolutionary)


racionāls

head

racionāls (definite racionālais, comparative racionālāks, superlative visracionālākais, adverb racionāli)

racionālais (definite)
racionālāks (comparative)
visracionālākais (superlative)
racionāli (adverb)
racionāls (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
racionāli (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
racionāla (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
racionālas (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
racionāla (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
racionālu (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
racionālas (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
racionālu (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
racionālam (dative indefinite masculine singular)
racionāliem (dative indefinite masculine plural)
racionālai (dative feminine indefinite singular)
racionālām (dative feminine indefinite plural)
racionālu (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
racionālus (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
racionālu (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
racionālas (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
racionālu (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
racionāliem (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
racionālu (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
racionālām (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
racionālā (indefinite locative masculine singular)
racionālos (indefinite locative masculine plural)
racionālā (feminine indefinite locative singular)
racionālās (feminine indefinite locative plural)

Borrowed from Latin ratiōnālis, probably via another European language.

racionāli skaitļi

racionāli izteiksme

(mathematics) rational (not involving anything other than integers, fractions, or zero)


kūts

kūts (nominative singular)
kūtis (nominative plural)
kūts (genitive singular)
kūtu (genitive plural)
kūtij (dative singular)
kūtīm (dative plural)
kūti (accusative singular)
kūtis (accusative plural)
kūti (instrumental singular)
kūtīm (instrumental plural)
kūtī (locative singular)
kūtīs (locative plural)
kūts (singular vocative)
kūtis (plural vocative)

There are diverging theories on the origin of this word. The most likely derives it from the past particle of an old unattested verb *kūt (“to hit, to strike”), whence also kūja (“stick, pole”) (q.v.); the original meaning would be “hit (one)”, “driven, stuck (into the ground)”, referring to the fact that primitive animal barns or sheds were little more than fenced enclosures made with poles or sticks driven into the ground (the farm buildings which inherited the name appeared only in the 9th-10th century). The original participle, probably an a-stem (*kūtas), became an i-stem (*kūtis > kūts), possibly under the influence of other i-stem farm building names like klēts (“barn, granary”), pirts (“bath”). Another hypothesis is that the long ū might come from an earlier un, in which case kūts would be related to Proto-Slavic *kǫťa (“house”) (Bulgarian къща (kǎšta, “house”), Russian куча (kuča), кут (kut, “corner, nook”)). The Lithuanian cognates (kūtìs, kū̃tė), however, have ū instead of the expected un, which weakens this hypothesis.

govju kūts

putnu kūts

cūku kūts, cūkkūts

kūts mēsli, kūtsmēsli

dziļā kūts

deep barn (provided with a manure storage space)

seklā kūts

shallow barn (one without a manure storage space)

sadzīt lopus kūtī

(animal) barn, shed, pen, sty (building in a farm for keeping animals)


cūkkūts

cūkkūts (nominative singular)
cūkkūtis (nominative plural)
cūkkūts (genitive singular)
cūkkūtu (genitive plural)
cūkkūtij (dative singular)
cūkkūtīm (dative plural)
cūkkūti (accusative singular)
cūkkūtis (accusative plural)
cūkkūti (instrumental singular)
cūkkūtīm (instrumental plural)
cūkkūtī (locative singular)
cūkkūtīs (locative plural)
cūkkūts (singular vocative)
cūkkūtis (plural vocative)

From cūku (“pig[gen.pl.]”) + kūts (“barn, shed”).

compound

200 metrus tālāk redz jauno cūkkūti, kur šogad pirmo reizi pārziemo cūkas

200 meters further one sees a new pigsty, where this year for the first time the pigs would spend the winter

sty, pigsty (a pen or sty for keeping pigs)


kūtsmēsli

kūtsmēsli (nominative plural)
kūtsmēslu (genitive plural)
kūtsmēsliem (dative plural)
kūtsmēslus (accusative plural)
kūtsmēsliem (instrumental plural)
kūtsmēslos (locative plural)
kūtsmēsli (plural vocative)

From kūts (“barn, shed”) + mēsli (“excrements”).

kūtsmēslu krātuve

kūtsmēslu uzglabāšana

kūtsmēslu izvešana, izvākšana

kūtsmēsli satur visas augiem nepieciešamās barības vielas

manure contains all the nutrients necessary for plants

manure (mixture of farm animal excrement and bedding used as fertilizer)


mehānisks

head

mehānisks (definite mehāniskais, comparative mehāniskāks, superlative vismehāniskākais, adverb mehāniski)

mehāniskais (definite)
mehāniskāks (comparative)
vismehāniskākais (superlative)
mehāniski (adverb)
mehānisks (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
mehāniski (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
mehāniska (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
mehāniskas (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
mehāniska (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
mehānisku (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
mehāniskas (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
mehānisku (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
mehāniskam (dative indefinite masculine singular)
mehāniskiem (dative indefinite masculine plural)
mehāniskai (dative feminine indefinite singular)
mehāniskām (dative feminine indefinite plural)
mehānisku (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
mehāniskus (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
mehānisku (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
mehāniskas (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
mehānisku (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
mehāniskiem (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
mehānisku (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
mehāniskām (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
mehāniskā (indefinite locative masculine singular)
mehāniskos (indefinite locative masculine plural)
mehāniskā (feminine indefinite locative singular)
mehāniskās (feminine indefinite locative plural)

From mehānika (“mechanics”) + -isks. Probably not derived as such in Latvian, but borrowed and adapted from another European language.

mehāniskā enerģija

materiāla mehāniskās īpašības

mehāniskā sistēma

mehāniskais darbs

mehāniskais līdzsvars

mechanical (relating to the motion of bodies and their resulting interactions)

mehāniskā terapija

mehāniskā darbnīca, mehāniskais cehs

mehāniskais veseris

mehāniskās rotaļlietas

mechanical (realtingd to a mechanism or machine, producing mechanisms or machines, working with the help of a mechanism or machine)

mehānisks darbs

mehāniska iemācīšanās no galvas

mechanical learning by heart (lit. from head)

mechanical (happening without the participation of consciousness, unconscious; without active, creative participation, one-sided)


mehānika

mehānika (nominative singular)
mehānikas (genitive singular)
mehānikai (dative singular)
mehāniku (accusative singular)
mehāniku (instrumental singular)
mehānikā (locative singular)
mehānika (singular vocative)

Via some other European language, ultimately from Latin mechanicus (“of or belonging to machines or mechanics, inventive”), from Ancient Greek μηχανικός (mēkhanikós, “pertaining to machines or contrivance, mechanic, ingenious, inventive”), from μηχανή (mēkhanḗ, “a machine, contrivance”).

uder

teorētiskā, lietišķā mehānika

klasiskā mehānika

viļņu mehānika

kvantu mehānika

debess mehānika

(physics) mechanics (branch of physics that studies the motion of bodies and their resulting interaction)


mehāniķis

lv-noun

mehāniķis m (2nd declension, feminine form: mehāniķe)

mehāniķe (feminine)
mehāniķis (nominative singular)
mehāniķi (nominative plural)
mehāniķa (genitive singular)
mehāniķu (genitive plural)
mehāniķim (dative singular)
mehāniķiem (dative plural)
mehāniķi (accusative singular)
mehāniķus (accusative plural)
mehāniķi (instrumental singular)
mehāniķiem (instrumental plural)
mehāniķī (locative singular)
mehāniķos (locative plural)
mehāniķi (singular vocative)
mehāniķi (plural vocative)

kuģa mehāniķis

no mašīntelpas atskan mehāniķa satrauktā balss: “virzuļi izdeguši”

from the machine room came a mechanic's alarmed voice: “the pistons are burned”

(male) mechanic, operator, machinist (a specialist who follows the work of a machine)


mehāniķe

mehāniķe f (5th declension, masculine form: mehāniķis)

mehāniķis (masculine)
mehāniķe (nominative singular)
mehāniķes (nominative plural)
mehāniķes (genitive singular)
mehāniķu (genitive plural)
mehāniķei (dative singular)
mehāniķēm (dative plural)
mehāniķi (accusative singular)
mehāniķes (accusative plural)
mehāniķi (instrumental singular)
mehāniķēm (instrumental plural)
mehāniķē (locative singular)
mehāniķēs (locative plural)
mehāniķe (singular vocative)
mehāniķes (plural vocative)

From mehāniķis (“mechanic, machinist, operator”) + -e (“fem.”).

suffix

(female) mechanic, operator, machinist (a specialist who follows the work of a machine)


iracionāls

head

iracionāls (definite iracionālais, comparative iracionālāks, superlative visiracionālākais, adverb iracionāli)

iracionālais (definite)
iracionālāks (comparative)
visiracionālākais (superlative)
iracionāli (adverb)
iracionāls (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
iracionāli (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
iracionāla (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
iracionālas (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
iracionāla (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
iracionālu (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
iracionālas (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
iracionālu (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
iracionālam (dative indefinite masculine singular)
iracionāliem (dative indefinite masculine plural)
iracionālai (dative feminine indefinite singular)
iracionālām (dative feminine indefinite plural)
iracionālu (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
iracionālus (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
iracionālu (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
iracionālas (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
iracionālu (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
iracionāliem (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
iracionālu (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
iracionālām (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
iracionālā (indefinite locative masculine singular)
iracionālos (indefinite locative masculine plural)
iracionālā (feminine indefinite locative singular)
iracionālās (feminine indefinite locative plural)

Via some other European language, ultimately from Latin irratiōnālis, from ir- + ratiōnālis.
The sense "radical; involving mathematical roots" is perhaps related to the fact that the square roots of most integers are irrational.

iracionāls skaitlis

(mathematics) irrational (not reducible to a fraction, and integer, or zero)

izteiksmes, kas satur saknes (daļveida kāpinātājus) sauc par iracionālām izteiksmēm

expressions that contain roots (fractional exponents) are called radical expressions

vienādojumu, kas satur sakni (radikāli) ar mainīgo zem tās, sauc par iracionālu vienādojumu

an equation that contains a root (a radical) with a variable underneath it is called a radical equation

(mathematics) radical (involving mathematical roots)


labējs

labējs (definite labējais, comparative labējāks, superlative vislabējākais, adverb labēji)

labējais (definite)
labējāks (comparative)
vislabējākais (superlative)
labēji (adverb)
labējs (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
labēji (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
labēja (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
labējas (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
labēja (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
labēju (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
labējas (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
labēju (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
labējam (dative indefinite masculine singular)
labējiem (dative indefinite masculine plural)
labējai (dative feminine indefinite singular)
labējām (dative feminine indefinite plural)
labēju (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
labējus (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
labēju (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
labējas (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
labēju (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
labējiem (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
labēju (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
labējām (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
labējā (indefinite locative masculine singular)
labējos (indefinite locative masculine plural)
labējā (feminine indefinite locative singular)
labējās (feminine indefinite locative plural)

From labs (“good; right, right-hand side”) + -ējs.

suffix

labējais novirziens partijā

right-wing current, tendency in the party

labējo uzskatu aizstāvis

labējo uzstāšanās parlamentā

Romai labējs mērs

es arī esmu labējs un konservatīvs

(politics) right-wing, conservative (opposed to progressive, left-wing politics)


kluss

head

kluss (definite klusais, comparative klusāks, superlative visklusākais, adverb klusi, klusu, klusām)

klusais (definite)
klusāks (comparative)
visklusākais (superlative)
klusi (adverb)
klusu (adverb)
klusām (adverb)
kluss (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
klusi (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
klusa (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
klusas (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
klusa (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
klusu (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
klusas (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
klusu (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
klusam (dative indefinite masculine singular)
klusiem (dative indefinite masculine plural)
klusai (dative feminine indefinite singular)
klusām (dative feminine indefinite plural)
klusu (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
klusus (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
klusu (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
klusas (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
klusu (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
klusiem (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
klusu (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
klusām (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
klusā (indefinite locative masculine singular)
klusos (indefinite locative masculine plural)
klusā (feminine indefinite locative singular)
klusās (feminine indefinite locative plural)

From Proto-Baltic *klus-, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱlew- (“to sound, to hear”) (whence klausīt (“to obey”), q.v., klausīties (“to listen”), klust (“to be silent”), more frequently apklust), with an extra -s. The semantic evolution of klust, and consequently also of kluss, was probably: “to hear” > “to listen” > “to be quiet (in order to listen).” Cognates include Lithuanian klùsas (“hard of hearing, deaf”), klusùs (“hearing”), klùsti (“to obey, to be obedient”), Old Prussian poklusman (“hearing, obedient”) (neut. pl. nom.).

cog

dienā ciems bija pavisam kluss

during the day the village was completely silent

klusa iela

vakars bija ļoti kluss

pekšņi visapkārt kļuva kluss

(of placess, moments) quiet, silent (where, when there are no loud sounds; where, when there are no sounds)


blīvs

head

blīvs (definite blīvais, comparative blīvāks, superlative visblīvākais, adverb blīvi)

blīvais (definite)
blīvāks (comparative)
visblīvākais (superlative)
blīvi (adverb)
blīvs (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
blīvi (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
blīva (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
blīvas (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
blīva (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
blīvu (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
blīvas (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
blīvu (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
blīvam (dative indefinite masculine singular)
blīviem (dative indefinite masculine plural)
blīvai (dative feminine indefinite singular)
blīvām (dative feminine indefinite plural)
blīvu (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
blīvus (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
blīvu (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
blīvas (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
blīvu (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
blīviem (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
blīvu (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
blīvām (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
blīvā (indefinite locative masculine singular)
blīvos (indefinite locative masculine plural)
blīvā (feminine indefinite locative singular)
blīvās (feminine indefinite locative plural)

A 20th-century derivation by back-formation from the adverb blīviski (“densely”), short form blīvi, itself a 19th-century derivation from the verb blīvēt (“to pack tightly, to make dense”), an 18th-century borrowing from Low German flīen, Middle Low German vlīen or Middle Dutch vlijen (“to order, stack, lay down in layers”).

uder

blīva viela

blīva masa

blīva augsne

dense, compact, thick (such that its parts are tight, very close to each other)

blīvs audums

blīvs spraugu pildījums

logs bija aizklāts ar blīvu aizkaru, un ne mazākais saules stariņš neiespīdēja istabā

the window was covered with a heavy, tight curtain; not even the slightest ray of sunshine could get into the room

beidzot vāvere uzliek ligzdai pamatīgu, blīvu lapu jumtu, lai nesūktos cauri lietus

finally the squirrel made for (his) nest a roof of dense, compact leaves, so that the rain wouldn't leak through (it)

tight, solid, compact, dense (without gaps; pressed, pulled tight, fitting tightly)

blīva drūzma

pavasaros uz Sahalīnas piekrasti dodas tik blīvi siļķu bari, ka uz zivju mugurām stāv kaijas

in spring such tight, packed herring schools come to the coast of Sakhalin that [seagulls can] stand on the backs of the fish

rudeņos blīvā straumē ceļo uz dienvidiem žubītes un citi sīkie putni

in autumn finches and other small birds travel south in a dense stream

dense, packed (where living beings are very close to each other)


blīvums

blīvums (nominative singular)
blīvuma (genitive singular)
blīvumam (dative singular)
blīvumu (accusative singular)
blīvumu (instrumental singular)
blīvumā (locative singular)
blīvum (singular vocative)

From blīvs (“dense, tight, compact”) + -ums.

vielas blīvums

gaisa blīvums

ūdens, svina blīvums

(physics) density (physical quantity equal to the mass of a body divided by its volume)


stiprums

stiprums (nominative singular)
stipruma (genitive singular)
stiprumam (dative singular)
stiprumu (accusative singular)
stiprumu (instrumental singular)
stiprumā (locative singular)
stiprum (singular vocative)

gaismas stiprums

elektriskās strāvas stiprums

(physics) intensity (physical quantity that describes the level of effect of something)


spēks

spēks (nominative singular)
spēki (nominative plural)
spēka (genitive singular)
spēku (genitive plural)
spēkam (dative singular)
spēkiem (dative plural)
spēku (accusative singular)
spēkus (accusative plural)
spēku (instrumental singular)
spēkiem (instrumental plural)
spēkā (locative singular)
spēkos (locative plural)
spēk (singular vocative)
spēki (plural vocative)

From Proto-Baltic *spēkas, from *spē- with a suffix -ko, from Proto-Indo-European *speh₁- (“to develop, to evolve, to increase”). The meaning changed from “(well) developed, big, fat” to “stout, strong”, i.e., for the nominal form, “strength,” “force.” Cognates include Lithuanian spė̃kas, spėkà, Albanian fuqi.

Zemes pievilkšanas spēks

gravitācijas, berzes spēks

centrbēdzes, centrtieces spēks

spēka lauks

spēka pielikšanas punkts

pielikt spēku

(physics) force (physical quantity describing the interaction of bodies whereby they undergo acceleration or deformation)


karavīrs

karavīrs (nominative singular)
karavīri (nominative plural)
karavīra (genitive singular)
karavīru (genitive plural)
karavīram (dative singular)
karavīriem (dative plural)
karavīru (accusative singular)
karavīrus (accusative plural)
karavīru (instrumental singular)
karavīriem (instrumental plural)
karavīrā (locative singular)
karavīros (locative plural)
karavīr (singular vocative)
karavīri (plural vocative)

From kara (“war[gen.]”) + vīrs (“man”), first mentioned in 17th-century sources.

karavīru ierinda

kļūt par karavīru

atvaļināts karavīrs

karavīru ietērps

karavīru pienākumi

soldier (a person serving in the armed forces)

seno cilšu karavīri


kareivis

kareivis (nominative singular)
kareivji (nominative plural)
kareivja (genitive singular)
kareivju (genitive plural)
kareivim (dative singular)
kareivjiem (dative plural)
kareivi (accusative singular)
kareivjus (accusative plural)
kareivi (instrumental singular)
kareivjiem (instrumental plural)
kareivī (locative singular)
kareivjos (locative plural)
kareivi (singular vocative)
kareivji (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Lithuanian kareĩvis, introduced into Latvian by Juris Alunāns. Until the beginning of the 20th century, it meant mostly “warrior” (like German Krieger), after which it became increasingly used in the sense of “soldier” (previously expressed only by the Germanism zaldāts).

sardzes kareivis

kareivja formas tērps

soldier, private (the first (lowest) rank in the army; a soldier of this rank)

mākslas kritiķis ir kareivis, kas cīnās par mākslas progresu

the art critic is a soldier who fights for the progress of art

(figuratively) soldier, fighter (for a cause, ideal, etc.)


cīnītājs

lv-noun

cīnītājs m (1st declension, feminine form: cīnītāja)

cīnītāja (feminine)
cīnītājs (nominative singular)
cīnītāji (nominative plural)
cīnītāja (genitive singular)
cīnītāju (genitive plural)
cīnītājam (dative singular)
cīnītājiem (dative plural)
cīnītāju (accusative singular)
cīnītājus (accusative plural)
cīnītāju (instrumental singular)
cīnītājiem (instrumental plural)
cīnītājā (locative singular)
cīnītājos (locative plural)
cīnītāj (singular vocative)
cīnītāji (plural vocative)

From cīnīt(ies) (“to fight, to struggle”) + -ājs (“-er”).

suffix

drosmīgs, bezbailīgs cīnītājs

revolucionārie cīnītāji

cīnītāju pulki

(male) fighter, combatant (man involved in armed fight, who struggles with an opponent)

miera, brīvības cīnītāji

cīnītāji pret rasu diskrimināciju

(figuratively) fighter (man who actively pursues some, usually socially important, goal)


cīnītāja

lv-noun

cīnītāja f (4th declension, masculine form: cīnītājs)

cīnītājs (masculine)
cīnītāja (nominative singular)
cīnītājas (nominative plural)
cīnītājas (genitive singular)
cīnītāju (genitive plural)
cīnītājai (dative singular)
cīnītājām (dative plural)
cīnītāju (accusative singular)
cīnītājas (accusative plural)
cīnītāju (instrumental singular)
cīnītājām (instrumental plural)
cīnītājā (locative singular)
cīnītājās (locative plural)
cīnītāja (singular vocative)
cīnītājas (plural vocative)

From cīnīt(ies) (“to fight, to struggle”) + -āja (“-er”), or cīnītājs (“fighter”) + -a (“fem.”).

suffix

drosmīga cīnītāja

(female) fighter, combattant (woman involved in armed fight, who struggles with an opponent)


demokrātisks

head

demokrātisks (definite demokrātiskais, comparative demokrātiskāks, superlative visdemokrātiskākais, adverb demokrātiski)

demokrātiskais (definite)
demokrātiskāks (comparative)
visdemokrātiskākais (superlative)
demokrātiski (adverb)
demokrātisks (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
demokrātiski (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
demokrātiska (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
demokrātiskas (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
demokrātiska (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
demokrātisku (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
demokrātiskas (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
demokrātisku (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
demokrātiskam (dative indefinite masculine singular)
demokrātiskiem (dative indefinite masculine plural)
demokrātiskai (dative feminine indefinite singular)
demokrātiskām (dative feminine indefinite plural)
demokrātisku (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
demokrātiskus (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
demokrātisku (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
demokrātiskas (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
demokrātisku (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
demokrātiskiem (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
demokrātisku (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
demokrātiskām (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
demokrātiskā (indefinite locative masculine singular)
demokrātiskos (indefinite locative masculine plural)
demokrātiskā (feminine indefinite locative singular)
demokrātiskās (feminine indefinite locative plural)

From demokrātija (“democracy”) + -isks. Probably not derived as such in Latvian, but borrowed and adapted from another European language.

demokrātiska iekārta

demokrātiska republika

rīkoties pēc demokrātiskiem principiem

demokrātiskais centrālisms

democratic centralism (political principle of the former USSR)

democratic (based on democracy, characterized by democracy)

demokrātiskā māksla

demokrātiskais naids pret tautas apspiedējiem

the people's hatred against their oppressors

democratic, popular, people's (relating to the masses)


demokrātija

demokrātija (nominative singular)
demokrātijas (nominative plural)
demokrātijas (genitive singular)
demokrātiju (genitive plural)
demokrātijai (dative singular)
demokrātijām (dative plural)
demokrātiju (accusative singular)
demokrātijas (accusative plural)
demokrātiju (instrumental singular)
demokrātijām (instrumental plural)
demokrātijā (locative singular)
demokrātijās (locative plural)
demokrātija (singular vocative)
demokrātijas (plural vocative)

Via some other European language, ultimately from Ancient Greek δημοκρατία (dēmokratía), from δῆμος (dêmos, “common people”) + κράτος (krátos, “rule, strength”).

sociālistiskā demokrātija

tautas demokrātija

democracy (form of government where the power belongs to the people)


nacionāliste

lv-noun

nacionāliste f (5th declension, masculine form: nacionālists)

nacionālists (masculine)
nacionāliste (nominative singular)
nacionālistes (nominative plural)
nacionālistes (genitive singular)
nacionālistu (genitive plural)
nacionālistei (dative singular)
nacionālistēm (dative plural)
nacionālisti (accusative singular)
nacionālistes (accusative plural)
nacionālisti (instrumental singular)
nacionālistēm (instrumental plural)
nacionālistē (locative singular)
nacionālistēs (locative plural)
nacionāliste (singular vocative)
nacionālistes (plural vocative)

From nacionālists (“nationalist”) + -e (“fem.”).

suffix

(female) nationalist (a supporter or advocate of nationalism)


demokrāts

lv-noun

demokrāts m (1st declension, feminine form: demokrāte)

demokrāte (feminine)
demokrāts (nominative singular)
demokrāti (nominative plural)
demokrāta (genitive singular)
demokrātu (genitive plural)
demokrātam (dative singular)
demokrātiem (dative plural)
demokrātu (accusative singular)
demokrātus (accusative plural)
demokrātu (instrumental singular)
demokrātiem (instrumental plural)
demokrātā (locative singular)
demokrātos (locative plural)
demokrāt (singular vocative)
demokrāti (plural vocative)

Perhaps via some other European language, ultiatemly from French démocrate, formed by opposition to aristocrate, with Ancient Greek elements, δῆμος (dêmos, “common people”) + κράτος (krátos, “rule, strength”).

senātā demokrātiem tagad ir 67 un republikāņiem 33 vietas

in the Senate, the democrats now have 67 seats and the Republicans 33

(male) democrat (a member of a democratic party, e.g., in the United States)


demokrāte

demokrāte m (1st declension, masculine form: demokrāts)

demokrāts (masculine)
demokrāte (nominative singular)
demokrātes (nominative plural)
demokrātes (genitive singular)
demokrāšu (genitive plural)
demokrātei (dative singular)
demokrātēm (dative plural)
demokrāti (accusative singular)
demokrātes (accusative plural)
demokrāti (instrumental singular)
demokrātēm (instrumental plural)
demokrātē (locative singular)
demokrātēs (locative plural)
demokrāte (singular vocative)
demokrātes (plural vocative)

From demokrāts (“democrat”) + -e (“fem.”).

(female) democrat (a member of a democratic party, e.g., in the United States)


demokratizācija

demokratizācija (nominative singular)
demokratizācijas (genitive singular)
demokratizācijai (dative singular)
demokratizāciju (accusative singular)
demokratizāciju (instrumental singular)
demokratizācijā (locative singular)
demokratizācija (singular vocative)

From demokratiz(ēt) (“to democratize”) + -ācija (with demokratizēt from demokrātija (“democracy”) + -izēt). Clearly not formed as such in Latvian, but borrowed and adapted from some other European language.

suffix

valsts iekārtas demokratizācija

democratization of the state organization

pārvaldes sistēmas demokratizācija

democratization of the administration system

democratization (the process of making a country, a government, an institution, etc. (more) democratic)


nācija

nācija (nominative singular)
nācijas (nominative plural)
nācijas (genitive singular)
nāciju (genitive plural)
nācijai (dative singular)
nācijām (dative plural)
nāciju (accusative singular)
nācijas (accusative plural)
nāciju (instrumental singular)
nācijām (instrumental plural)
nācijā (locative singular)
nācijās (locative plural)
nācija (singular vocative)
nācijas (plural vocative)

Via some other European language, ultimately from Latin natio (“nation, race, birth”).

latviešu nācija

nācijas valoda

nāciju diskriminācija

nāciju vienlīdzība

nāciju pašnoteikšanās tiesības

the right of nations to self-determination

Apvienoto Nāciju Organizācija

nation (historically evolved stable community of people, sharing a common language and cultural traits, a common territory and an economy)


klusums

klusums (nominative singular)
klusuma (genitive singular)
klusumam (dative singular)
klusumu (accusative singular)
klusumu (instrumental singular)
klusumā (locative singular)
klusum (singular vocative)

iestājās pilnīgs, absolūts klusums

nakts klusumā

svinīgs, baigs klusums

slimniekam vajadzīgs miers un klusums

kapa, nāves klusums

the silence of a tomb, of death (i.e., absolute silence)

klusuma brīdis

ievērot, pārtraukt klusumu

silence, quiet (state in which there are no strong, no hearable sounds, noises)

frontē iestājās klusums

klusums pirms vētras

the silence, calm before the storm (i.e., before terrible events)

(figuratively) silence, calm (a state in a process where there is little or no intense activity)


vērtība

vērtība (nominative singular)
vērtības (nominative plural)
vērtības (genitive singular)
vērtību (genitive plural)
vērtībai (dative singular)
vērtībām (dative plural)
vērtību (accusative singular)
vērtības (accusative plural)
vērtību (instrumental singular)
vērtībām (instrumental plural)
vērtībā (locative singular)
vērtībās (locative plural)
vērtība (singular vocative)
vērtības (plural vocative)

From vērts (“worth”) + -ība. First mentioned in 18th-century dictionaries.

preces vērtība latos

gleznas vērtība dolaros

(economics) value, price (the equivalence of something in terms of something else, usually money)

vērtību sistēma, hierarhija

vērtību spriedums

(philosophy, psychology) value (ideas formed by experience about the positive or negative qualities of objects and phenomena)

skaitliska vērtība

absolūtā vērtība

(mathematics, physics) value (quantitative aspect or result described in numbers, in measure units)

jona vērtība

skābju vērtība

negatīvā vērtība

(chemistry, syn. valence) valence (maximum number of valence bonds an atom of a given chemical element can form)


sencis

lv-noun

sencis m (2nd declension, feminine form: sence)

sence (feminine)
sencis (nominative singular)
senči (nominative plural)
senča (genitive singular)
senču (genitive plural)
sencim (dative singular)
senčiem (dative plural)
senci (accusative singular)
senčus (accusative plural)
senci (instrumental singular)
senčiem (instrumental plural)
sencī (locative singular)
senčos (locative plural)
senci (singular vocative)
senči (plural vocative)

From sens (“ancient”), made into a 2nd-declension noun. The c suggests a dialectal origin, from those dialects where ns > nc. Alternatively, it may have come from an earlier *sentis, via genitive *senša > senča. There may have been influence from the c in vecis (“old man”).

zirga sencis

putnu senči

(paleontology) ancestor (species of plants or animals from an earlier time period, from which modern species have evolved)


sniegains

head

sniegains (definite sniegainais, comparative sniegaināks, superlative vissniegainākais, adverb sniegaini)

sniegainais (definite)
sniegaināks (comparative)
vissniegainākais (superlative)
sniegaini (adverb)
sniegains (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
sniegaini (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
sniegaina (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
sniegainas (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
sniegaina (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
sniegainu (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
sniegainas (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
sniegainu (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
sniegainam (dative indefinite masculine singular)
sniegainiem (dative indefinite masculine plural)
sniegainai (dative feminine indefinite singular)
sniegainām (dative feminine indefinite plural)
sniegainu (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
sniegainus (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
sniegainu (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
sniegainas (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
sniegainu (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
sniegainiem (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
sniegainu (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
sniegainām (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
sniegainā (indefinite locative masculine singular)
sniegainos (indefinite locative masculine plural)
sniegainā (feminine indefinite locative singular)
sniegainās (feminine indefinite locative plural)

sniegaina ziema

sniegains ceļš

sniegaini lauki

(weather) snowy (where, when there is much snow)

viņas sniegainais tērps


mīļš

mīļš (definite mīļais, comparative mīļāks, superlative vismīļākais, adverb mīļi)

mīļais (definite)
mīļāks (comparative)
vismīļākais (superlative)
mīļi (adverb)
mīļš (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
mīļi (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
mīļa (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
mīļas (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
mīļa (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
mīļu (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
mīļas (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
mīļu (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
mīļam (dative indefinite masculine singular)
mīļiem (dative indefinite masculine plural)
mīļai (dative feminine indefinite singular)
mīļām (dative feminine indefinite plural)
mīļu (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
mīļus (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
mīļu (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
mīļas (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
mīļu (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
mīļiem (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
mīļu (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
mīļām (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
mīļā (indefinite locative masculine singular)
mīļos (indefinite locative masculine plural)
mīļā (feminine indefinite locative singular)
mīļās (feminine indefinite locative plural)

From Proto-Baltic *mīl-, from Proto-Indo-European *mēi-, *mi- (“gentle, soft, dear”), with an added l. There were apparently competing o and u stems (see Lithuanian forms, and also Latvian dialectal mīls), ultimately replaced by a yu-stem, which became Latvian mīļš. Cognates include Lithuanian mýlas, mylùs, Old Prussian mīls, Old Church Slavonic милъ (milŭ), Russian ми́лый (mílyj), Belarusian мі́лы (míly), Ukrainian ми́лий (mýlyj, “sweet, tender, dear”), Bulgarian мил (mil, “dear, beloved”), Czech milý, Polish miły.

cog

mīļš smaids

mīļi vārdi

paldies tev, māt, par tavām mīļām rokām

thank you, mother, for your loving hands

loving, kind, nice (which expresses love, interest, friendship, kindness)


seksīgs

head

seksīgs (definite seksīgais, comparative seksīgāks, superlative visseksīgākais, adverb seksīgi)

seksīgais (definite)
seksīgāks (comparative)
visseksīgākais (superlative)
seksīgi (adverb)
seksīgs (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
seksīgi (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
seksīga (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
seksīgas (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
seksīga (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
seksīgu (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
seksīgas (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
seksīgu (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
seksīgam (dative indefinite masculine singular)
seksīgiem (dative indefinite masculine plural)
seksīgai (dative feminine indefinite singular)
seksīgām (dative feminine indefinite plural)
seksīgu (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
seksīgus (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
seksīgu (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
seksīgas (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
seksīgu (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
seksīgiem (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
seksīgu (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
seksīgām (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
seksīgā (indefinite locative masculine singular)
seksīgos (indefinite locative masculine plural)
seksīgā (feminine indefinite locative singular)
seksīgās (feminine indefinite locative plural)

From sekss (“sex”) + -īgs, probably under the influence of English sexy. Apparently a neologism; still not mentioned in academic dictionaries, but quite frequent in the media.

seksīgs pārsteigums, klips

seksīgākā sieviete pasaulē

seksīgas bikses

seksīga frizūra

cik seksīgs ir tavs vārds?

kā ģērbjas seksīgs vīrietis?

2011 gada seksīgākās automašīnas

sexy, hot (suggestive; which generates sexual feelings, sexually desirable; attractive, desirable (also non-sexually))


seksīgums

seksīgums (nominative singular)
seksīguma (genitive singular)
seksīgumam (dative singular)
seksīgumu (accusative singular)
seksīgumu (instrumental singular)
seksīgumā (locative singular)
seksīgum (singular vocative)

From seksīgs (“sexy”) + -ums (with seksīgs from sekss (“sex”) + -īgs). Apparently a neologism; still not mentioned in academic dictionaries, but quite frequent in the media.

seksīguma čempions

kāds ir cilvēka seksīguma noslēpums?

what is the secret of a person's sexiness?

vai seksualitāte ir tikai seksīgums?

seksīgums ir dvēseles stāvoklis un noskaņojums

sexiness, hotness (the quality of that which sexy, hot, desirable)


zobārsts

lv-noun

zobārsts m (1st declension, feminine form: zobārste)

zobārste (feminine)
zobārsts (nominative singular)
zobārsti (nominative plural)
zobārsta (genitive singular)
zobārstu (genitive plural)
zobārstam (dative singular)
zobārstiem (dative plural)
zobārstu (accusative singular)
zobārstus (accusative plural)
zobārstu (instrumental singular)
zobārstiem (instrumental plural)
zobārstā (locative singular)
zobārstos (locative plural)
zobārst (singular vocative)
zobārsti (plural vocative)

From zobs (“tooth”) + ārsts (“doctor, physician”).

compound

divdesmito gadu sākumā Latvijā strādāja jau nepilni četri simti zobārstu

in the early 20s almost 400 dentists worked in Latvia

bija laiks, kad zobārsts, izārstējis vai izrāvis slimu zobu, varēja uzskatīt, ka pilnā mērā ir izpildījis savu pienākumu

there was a time when a dentist, treating or pulling diseased teeth, could think that he had fully complied with his duty

(male) dentist (a doctor specialized in dentistry)


zobārste

lv-noun

zobārste f (5th declension, masculine form: zobārsts)

zobārsts (masculine)
zobārste (nominative singular)
zobārstes (nominative plural)
zobārstes (genitive singular)
zobārstu (genitive plural)
zobārstei (dative singular)
zobārstēm (dative plural)
zobārsti (accusative singular)
zobārstes (accusative plural)
zobārsti (instrumental singular)
zobārstēm (instrumental plural)
zobārstē (locative singular)
zobārstēs (locative plural)
zobārste (singular vocative)
zobārstes (plural vocative)

From zobārsts (“dentist”) + -e (“fem.”).

četrstūrainas vai ovālas plāksnītes: zobārste tāda un tāda...

rectangular or oval plates: dentist such and such...

(female) dentist (a doctor specialized in dentistry)


stomatoloģija

stomatoloģija (nominative singular)
stomatoloģijas (genitive singular)
stomatoloģijai (dative singular)
stomatoloģiju (accusative singular)
stomatoloģiju (instrumental singular)
stomatoloģijā (locative singular)
stomatoloģija (singular vocative)

A new coinage, ultimately from Ancient Greek στόμα (stóma, “mouth”) and -λογία (-logía, “study”).

ar mūsu gadsimta sākumu stomatoloģija diferencējās trīs lielajos pamatvirzienos: terapeitiskajā, ortopēdiskajā un ķirurģiskajā stomatoloģijā

at the beginning of our century, stomatology (dentistry) differentiated itself into three major directions: therapeutic, orthopedic and surgical stomatology (dentistry)

stomatology, dentistry (branch of medicine that studies the mouth and the oral cavity, their diseases, treatments, and prevention; also dentistry)


zobārstniecība

zobārstniecība (nominative singular)
zobārstniecības (genitive singular)
zobārstniecībai (dative singular)
zobārstniecību (accusative singular)
zobārstniecību (instrumental singular)
zobārstniecībā (locative singular)
zobārstniecība (singular vocative)

From zobs (“tooth”) + ārstniecība (“medicine”).

compound

zobārstniecības kabinets

zobārstniecības urbis

1920. gadā nodibināja Latvijas Universitātes medicīnas fakultātes zobārstniecības nodaļu

In 1920 the department of dentistry of the faculty of medicine of the University of Latvia was founded

dentistry (branch of medicine that focuses on dental disease treatment and prevention; also stomatology)


stomatologs

lv-noun

stomatologs m (1st declension, feminine form: stomatoloģe)

stomatoloģe (feminine)
stomatologs (nominative singular)
stomatologi (nominative plural)
stomatologa (genitive singular)
stomatologu (genitive plural)
stomatologam (dative singular)
stomatologiem (dative plural)
stomatologu (accusative singular)
stomatologus (accusative plural)
stomatologu (instrumental singular)
stomatologiem (instrumental plural)
stomatologā (locative singular)
stomatologos (locative plural)
stomatolog (singular vocative)
stomatologi (plural vocative)

(male) stomatologist, dentist (a specialist in stomatology, dentistry)


stomatoloģe

stomatoloģe f (5th declension, masculine form: stomatologs)

stomatologs (masculine)
stomatoloģe (nominative singular)
stomatoloģes (nominative plural)
stomatoloģes (genitive singular)
stomatoloģu (genitive plural)
stomatoloģei (dative singular)
stomatoloģēm (dative plural)
stomatoloģi (accusative singular)
stomatoloģes (accusative plural)
stomatoloģi (instrumental singular)
stomatoloģēm (instrumental plural)
stomatoloģē (locative singular)
stomatoloģēs (locative plural)
stomatoloģe (singular vocative)
stomatoloģes (plural vocative)

From stomatologs (“stomatologist, dentist”) + -e (“fem.”).

suffix

(female) stomatologist, dentist (a specialist in stomatology, dentistry)


stomatoloģisks

head

stomatoloģisks (definite stomatoloģiskais, adverb stomatoloģiski)

stomatoloģiskais (definite)
stomatoloģiski (adverb)
stomatoloģisks (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
stomatoloģiski (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
stomatoloģiska (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
stomatoloģiskas (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
stomatoloģiska (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
stomatoloģisku (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
stomatoloģiskas (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
stomatoloģisku (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
stomatoloģiskam (dative indefinite masculine singular)
stomatoloģiskiem (dative indefinite masculine plural)
stomatoloģiskai (dative feminine indefinite singular)
stomatoloģiskām (dative feminine indefinite plural)
stomatoloģisku (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
stomatoloģiskus (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
stomatoloģisku (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
stomatoloģiskas (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
stomatoloģisku (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
stomatoloģiskiem (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
stomatoloģisku (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
stomatoloģiskām (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
stomatoloģiskā (indefinite locative masculine singular)
stomatoloģiskos (indefinite locative masculine plural)
stomatoloģiskā (feminine indefinite locative singular)
stomatoloģiskās (feminine indefinite locative plural)

From stomatoloģija (“stomatology, dentistry”) + -isks. Probably not derived as such in Latvian, but borrowed and adapted from another European language.

suffix

stomatoloģiska klīnika

stomatoloģiska operācija

stomatoloģiski instrumenti

stomatoloģiskais krēsls

stomatological, dental (relating to stomatology, dentistry)


ārstniecība

ārstniecība (nominative singular)
ārstniecības (genitive singular)
ārstniecībai (dative singular)
ārstniecību (accusative singular)
ārstniecību (instrumental singular)
ārstniecībā (locative singular)
ārstniecība (singular vocative)

From ārstnieks (“doctor, physician”) + -ība (with ārstnieks from ārsts (“doctor, physician”) + -nieks), with palatalization of k to c. The term ārstnieks is attested in only older sources; in the modern language, it has been replaced by ārsts.

ārstniecības iestāde, metodes

ārstniecības līdzekļi

ārstniecības augi

tautas ārstniecība

(practical) medicine (system of knowledge and practices for the prevention and treatment of diseases)


ārstniecisks

head

ārstniecisks (definite ārstnieciskais, comparative ārstnieciskāks, superlative visārstnieciskākais, adverb ārstnieciski)

ārstnieciskais (definite)
ārstnieciskāks (comparative)
visārstnieciskākais (superlative)
ārstnieciski (adverb)
ārstniecisks (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
ārstnieciski (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
ārstnieciska (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
ārstnieciskas (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
ārstnieciska (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
ārstniecisku (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
ārstnieciskas (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
ārstniecisku (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
ārstnieciskam (dative indefinite masculine singular)
ārstnieciskiem (dative indefinite masculine plural)
ārstnieciskai (dative feminine indefinite singular)
ārstnieciskām (dative feminine indefinite plural)
ārstniecisku (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
ārstnieciskus (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
ārstniecisku (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
ārstnieciskas (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
ārstniecisku (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
ārstnieciskiem (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
ārstniecisku (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
ārstnieciskām (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
ārstnieciskā (indefinite locative masculine singular)
ārstnieciskos (indefinite locative masculine plural)
ārstnieciskā (feminine indefinite locative singular)
ārstnieciskās (feminine indefinite locative plural)

From ārstnieks (“doctor, physician”) + -isks (with ārstnieks from ārsts (“doctor, physician”) + -nieks), with palatalization of k to c. The term ārstnieks is attested only in older sources; in the modern language, it has been replaced by ārsts.

ārstnieciskās procedūras

ārstnieciskie preparāti

ārstnieciskais režims

medus ārstnieciskās īpašības

piens ir ārstniecisks līdzeklis sirds slimniekiem

milk is a therapeutic means for heart patients

medical, medicinal, curative, therapeutic (relating to healing, curing, medical treatments)


medicīna

medicīna (nominative singular)
medicīnas (genitive singular)
medicīnai (dative singular)
medicīnu (accusative singular)
medicīnu (instrumental singular)
medicīnā (locative singular)
medicīna (singular vocative)

Via some other European language, ultimately from Latin medicīna (“the healing art, medicine, a physician's shop, a remedy, medicine”), feminine of medicinus (“of or belonging to physic or surgery, or to a physician or surgeon”), from medicus (“a physician, surgeon”), from medeor (“I heal”).

uder

medicīnas personāls

medicīnas dienests

medicīnas tehnika, aparatūra

medicīnas izglītība

medicīnas institūts

medicīnas vēsture

tautas medicīna

kara medicīna

tiesu medicīna

sporta medicīna

kosmiskā, kosmosa medicīna

eksperimentālā medicīna

medicīnas māsa

medicine (the science of human diseases, their causes, course, diagnosis, treatment and prevention; set of techniques to improve human health, quality of life, etc.)


medicīnisks

head

medicīnisks (definite medicīniskais, comparative medicīniskāks, superlative vismedicīniskākais, adverb medicīniski)

medicīniskais (definite)
medicīniskāks (comparative)
vismedicīniskākais (superlative)
medicīniski (adverb)
medicīnisks (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
medicīniski (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
medicīniska (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
medicīniskas (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
medicīniska (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
medicīnisku (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
medicīniskas (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
medicīnisku (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
medicīniskam (dative indefinite masculine singular)
medicīniskiem (dative indefinite masculine plural)
medicīniskai (dative feminine indefinite singular)
medicīniskām (dative feminine indefinite plural)
medicīnisku (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
medicīniskus (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
medicīnisku (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
medicīniskas (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
medicīnisku (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
medicīniskiem (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
medicīnisku (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
medicīniskām (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
medicīniskā (indefinite locative masculine singular)
medicīniskos (indefinite locative masculine plural)
medicīniskā (feminine indefinite locative singular)
medicīniskās (feminine indefinite locative plural)

medicīniskā ekspertīze

medicīniskie līdzekļi

medicīniskā palīdzība

medicīniskā pārbaude

medicīniskā izmeklēšana

medicīniskā ogle

medicīniskais ģipsis

medicīniskais vazelīns

medical (relating to medicine; usable in medicine, treatment, etc.)


kuņģis

kuņģis (nominative singular)
kuņģi (nominative plural)
kuņģa (genitive singular)
kuņģu (genitive plural)
kuņģim (dative singular)
kuņģiem (dative plural)
kuņģi (accusative singular)
kuņģus (accusative plural)
kuņģi (instrumental singular)
kuņģiem (instrumental plural)
kuņģī (locative singular)
kuņģos (locative plural)
kuņģi (singular vocative)
kuņģi (plural vocative)

From Latvian dialectal from guņģis (“belly”) by dissimilation, from Proto-Indo-European *geng- (“lump”), from the stem *gen- (“to squeeze, to make (something) round”). See also Latvian dziedzeris (“gland”).

cilvēka kuņģis

kuņģa siena

kuņģa sula

kuņģa slimība

kuņģa čūla, jēlums

(anatomy) stomach (extension of the digestive tract between the oesophagus and the small intestine)


brīvs

brīvs (definite brīvais, comparative brīvāks, superlative visbrīvākais, adverb brīvi)

brīvais (definite)
brīvāks (comparative)
visbrīvākais (superlative)
brīvi (adverb)
brīvs (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
brīvi (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
brīva (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
brīvas (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
brīva (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
brīvu (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
brīvas (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
brīvu (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
brīvam (dative indefinite masculine singular)
brīviem (dative indefinite masculine plural)
brīvai (dative feminine indefinite singular)
brīvām (dative feminine indefinite plural)
brīvu (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
brīvus (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
brīvu (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
brīvas (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
brīvu (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
brīviem (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
brīvu (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
brīvām (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
brīvā (indefinite locative masculine singular)
brīvos (indefinite locative masculine plural)
brīvā (feminine indefinite locative singular)
brīvās (feminine indefinite locative plural)

A borrowing from Middle Dutch or Middle Low German vri, vrie (compare German frei, Dutch vrij), from Proto-Germanic *frija- (“free, not a slave”). The sequence fr was changed to Latvian br. First mentioned in 17th-century dictionaries, brīvs was originally used in the context of German political and administrative power, and referred to more specific German legal concepts (a certain privilege or right, etc.). All other senses were rendered, still in the 18th century, with other words, like svabads (“free”), svabadība (“freedom”), vaļa (“free(dom)”).

cog

brīvs ūdeņradis, skābeklis

brīva forforskābe

(chemistry) free (not chemically combined with other substances)


šķidrs

head

šķidrs (definite šķidrais, comparative šķidrāks, superlative visšķidrākais, adverb šķidri)

šķidrais (definite)
šķidrāks (comparative)
visšķidrākais (superlative)
šķidri (adverb)
šķidrs (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
šķidri (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
šķidra (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
šķidras (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
šķidra (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
šķidru (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
šķidras (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
šķidru (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
šķidram (dative indefinite masculine singular)
šķidriem (dative indefinite masculine plural)
šķidrai (dative feminine indefinite singular)
šķidrām (dative feminine indefinite plural)
šķidru (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
šķidrus (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
šķidru (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
šķidras (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
šķidru (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
šķidriem (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
šķidru (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
šķidrām (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
šķidrā (indefinite locative masculine singular)
šķidros (indefinite locative masculine plural)
šķidrā (feminine indefinite locative singular)
šķidrās (feminine indefinite locative plural)

From the same stem as šķīst (“to dissolve, to melt”) (q.v.): Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰēi- (“clear, light, shiny”). With an extra suffix -d, it lead to two Proto-Baltic variants, one voiceless (with an extra s-mobile) and one voiced: *skied-, *skaid-, *skid- (whence, with an extra suffix -ru-s, šķidrs, skaidrs (“clear”), and also — with a different suffix — skaists (“beautiful”)), and *gied-, *gaid-, *gid- (whence, also with an extra -ru-s, dzidrs (“clear, limpid”), which is etymologically a variant of šķidrs), with some form influence between the two variants. The meaning evolved from “clear, limpid” > “(liquid) having no sediment, no sludge” > “liquid.” A different opinion is that šķidrs might ultimately derive from Proto-Indo-European *skei- (“to cut, to slice”).

cog

šķidra viela

pārvēst vielu šķidrā agregātstāvoklī

šķidrā degviela, šķidrais kurināmais

šķidrais stikls

šķidrie minerālmēsli

šķidrie nokrišņi

šķidrs hēlijs

(physics) liquid (in a state of matter such that it can flow and take the form of its container)


ciets

head

ciets (definite cietais, comparative cietāks, superlative viscietākais, adverb cieti, ciet)

cietais (definite)
cietāks (comparative)
viscietākais (superlative)
cieti (adverb)
ciet (adverb)
ciets (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
cieti (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
cieta (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
cietas (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
cieta (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
cietu (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
cietas (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
cietu (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
cietam (dative indefinite masculine singular)
cietiem (dative indefinite masculine plural)
cietai (dative feminine indefinite singular)
cietām (dative feminine indefinite plural)
cietu (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
cietus (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
cietu (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
cietas (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
cietu (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
cietiem (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
cietu (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
cietām (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
cietā (indefinite locative masculine singular)
cietos (indefinite locative masculine plural)
cietā (feminine indefinite locative singular)
cietās (feminine indefinite locative plural)

mīksts

antonym(s) of “of "hard", including "hard water"”

From Proto-Baltic *kietas, from *keitas, from Proto-Indo-European *key- (“to set in motion, to move”) with an extra (adjectivizing) suffix -to-s. A parallel form with -tyo-s (*keityas, *kietyas) yielded Latvian ciešs (“tight”). Meaning change: “moving” > “happy, safe, healthy” > “strong, rigid” > “hard.” Cognates include Lithuanian kíetas, Sudovian kit, Old Prussian keytaro (“hail, greeting”), Proto-Slavic *čitъ (dialectal чи́тый (čítyj, “sober”), Serbo-Croatian čȉt (“healthy, whole”)).

der

cieta viela, cietviela

cieti ķermeņi

cietais kurināmais

ciets agregātstāvoklis


cietība

cietība (nominative singular)
cietības (genitive singular)
cietībai (dative singular)
cietību (accusative singular)
cietību (instrumental singular)
cietībā (locative singular)
cietība (singular vocative)

minerālu, metālu cietība

grunts cietība

vidējas cietības bronza

(physics) hardness, solidity (the ability to resist external mechanical influences)

ūdens cietība

(physics, of water) hardness (the quality of containing calcium or magnesium salts)


gāzveidīgs

head

gāzveidīgs (definite gāzveidīgais, comparative gāzveidīgāks, superlative visgāzveidīgākais, adverb gāzveidīgi)

gāzveidīgais (definite)
gāzveidīgāks (comparative)
visgāzveidīgākais (superlative)
gāzveidīgi (adverb)
gāzveidīgs (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
gāzveidīgi (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
gāzveidīga (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
gāzveidīgas (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
gāzveidīga (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
gāzveidīgu (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
gāzveidīgas (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
gāzveidīgu (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
gāzveidīgam (dative indefinite masculine singular)
gāzveidīgiem (dative indefinite masculine plural)
gāzveidīgai (dative feminine indefinite singular)
gāzveidīgām (dative feminine indefinite plural)
gāzveidīgu (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
gāzveidīgus (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
gāzveidīgu (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
gāzveidīgas (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
gāzveidīgu (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
gāzveidīgiem (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
gāzveidīgu (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
gāzveidīgām (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
gāzveidīgā (indefinite locative masculine singular)
gāzveidīgos (indefinite locative masculine plural)
gāzveidīgā (feminine indefinite locative singular)
gāzveidīgās (feminine indefinite locative plural)

From gāze (“gas”) + veids (“form, shape”) + -īgs.

procesu, kad ūdens no gāzveidīga stāvokļa (ūdens tvaikiem) pāriet cietā fāzē (ledus vai sniega kristālos), sauc par sublimāciju

the process whereby whater goes from a gaseous state (water vapor) to a solid phase (ice or snow crystals) is called sublimation

(physics) gaseous (state of matter in which particles (atoms, molecules) have the highest degree of freedom)


veids

veids (nominative singular)
veidi (nominative plural)
veida (genitive singular)
veidu (genitive plural)
veidam (dative singular)
veidiem (dative plural)
veidu (accusative singular)
veidus (accusative plural)
veidu (instrumental singular)
veidiem (instrumental plural)
veidā (locative singular)
veidos (locative plural)
veid (singular vocative)
veidi (plural vocative)

Originally a dialectal word meaning “face, appearance”, from the (dialectal) verb viest (“to perceive, to sense, to see”) (compare viedoklis (“viewpoint”)), ultimately from Proto-Balto-Slavic *wéiˀdas, from Proto-Indo-European *wéyd-os ~ *wéyd-es-os, from *weyd- (“to see”).
veids was brought to the literary language by Atis Kronvalds in 1869 with a broadened meaning “form, type, way”, apparently following the example of Ancient Greek εἶδος (eîdos, “form, shape, appearance, look”).
Cognates
Cognates include Lithuanian véidas (“face, cheeks”), Old Church Slavonic видь (vidĭ), Russian вид (vid, “appearance, manner”), Sanskrit वेद (véda, “knowledge, perception”), Ancient Greek εἶδος (eîdos, “form, shape, appearance, look”).

cog

nepabeigtais darbības vārda veids

imperfective (lit. unfinished) verbal aspect

pabeigtais jeb perfektīvais verba veids raksturo savā norisē ierobežotu darbību

the finished or perfective verbal aspect characterizes a limited action in its own development

(grammar) aspect (verbal category which presents the action in its development, as complete or incomplete, repeated, ongoing, etc.)


matracis

matracis (nominative singular)
matrači (nominative plural)
matrača (genitive singular)
matraču (genitive plural)
matracim (dative singular)
matračiem (dative plural)
matraci (accusative singular)
matračus (accusative plural)
matraci (instrumental singular)
matračiem (instrumental plural)
matracī (locative singular)
matračos (locative plural)
matraci (singular vocative)
matrači (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Arabic مَطْرَح (maṭraḥ, “place where something is thrown”), via some European language, probably German Matratze.

bor

piepūšamais matracis

atsperu matracis

mīksts, ciets matracis

matraču audums

gultiņa zīdainim jābūt matracim, kas pildīts ar jūras zālēm vai astriem

in the baby's bed there must be a mattress filled with seaweed or horsehair

mattress (large, soft pad on which a person can lie and sleep; usually part of a bed)


mīksts

head

mīksts (definite mīkstais, comparative mīkstāks, superlative vismīkstākais, adverb mīksti)

mīkstais (definite)
mīkstāks (comparative)
vismīkstākais (superlative)
mīksti (adverb)
mīksts (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
mīksti (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
mīksta (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
mīkstas (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
mīksta (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
mīkstu (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
mīkstas (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
mīkstu (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
mīkstam (dative indefinite masculine singular)
mīkstiem (dative indefinite masculine plural)
mīkstai (dative feminine indefinite singular)
mīkstām (dative feminine indefinite plural)
mīkstu (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
mīkstus (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
mīkstu (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
mīkstas (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
mīkstu (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
mīkstiem (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
mīkstu (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
mīkstām (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
mīkstā (indefinite locative masculine singular)
mīkstos (indefinite locative masculine plural)
mīkstā (feminine indefinite locative singular)
mīkstās (feminine indefinite locative plural)

ciets

antonym(s) of “of "soft", including "soft water"”

From the past participle of an old (still dialectally attested) verb mīkt, mīkst (“to become soft”), from Proto-Baltic *mink-, Proto-Balto-Slavic *minˀkas, from Proto-Indo-European *menk-, *mn̥k- (“to knead, to crush”).
The original meaning referred to the final state of things that one kneads or crushes (compare English verb to squash and adjective squashy). Cognates include Lithuanian mìnkštas, Old Church Slavonic мѧкъкъ (mękŭkŭ), Russian мя́гкий (mjáxkij), Belarusian мя́кки (mjákki), Ukrainian м'яки́й (mʺjakýj), Bulgarian мек (mek), Czech měkký, Polish miękki.

konditorejā aiz letes sēdēja un adīja apaļa, mīksta dāma

in the patisserie behind the counter (there) was a round, soft (= overweight) lady sitting and knitting

(colloquial, of people, body parts) plump, slightly overweight


stiklveida

From stikls (“glass”) + veida (“form[gen.]”).

stiklveida viela, materiāls

stiklveida pārklājums

stiklveida struktūra

stiklveida uzbūve

stiklveida stāvoklis

vitreous state (a type of amorphous state of matter)

stiklveida ķermenis

vitreous body, humor (substance inside the human eye)

(physics, chemistry) glass-like, glassy, vitreous


darbaļaudis

lv-noun

darbaļaudis m (6th declension, irregular gender)

gender (irregular)
darbaļaudis (nominative plural)
darbaļaužu (genitive plural)
darbaļaudīm (dative plural)
darbaļaudis (accusative plural)
darbaļaudīm (instrumental plural)
darbaļaudīs (locative plural)
darbaļaudis (plural vocative)

From darba (“work[gen.]”) + ļaudis (“people”).

compound

pilsētu darbaļaudis

darbaļaužu starptautiskās solidaritātes diena

the workers' day of international solidarity

working people, workers (people who earn their means of existence with their work)


pasīvs

pasīvs (nominative singular)
pasīvi (nominative plural)
pasīva (genitive singular)
pasīvu (genitive plural)
pasīvam (dative singular)
pasīviem (dative plural)
pasīvu (accusative singular)
pasīvus (accusative plural)
pasīvu (instrumental singular)
pasīviem (instrumental plural)
pasīvā (locative singular)
pasīvos (locative plural)
pasīv (singular vocative)
pasīvi (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Latin passivus, probably via some other European language, adapted to fit Latvian patterns ( + -īvs).

ir sava grāmatvedība, kur sakrājas visi pasīvi un aktīvi

(it) has its own accounting, in which are gathered all liabilities and assets

(economics) liabilities (debts, taxes, interest and other money that a company has to pay; part of a budget that lists them)


pasīvs

head

pasīvs (definite pasīvais, comparative pasīvāks, superlative vispasīvākais, adverb pasīvi)

pasīvais (definite)
pasīvāks (comparative)
vispasīvākais (superlative)
pasīvi (adverb)
pasīvs (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
pasīvi (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
pasīva (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
pasīvas (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
pasīva (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
pasīvu (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
pasīvas (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
pasīvu (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
pasīvam (dative indefinite masculine singular)
pasīviem (dative indefinite masculine plural)
pasīvai (dative feminine indefinite singular)
pasīvām (dative feminine indefinite plural)
pasīvu (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
pasīvus (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
pasīvu (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
pasīvas (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
pasīvu (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
pasīviem (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
pasīvu (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
pasīvām (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
pasīvā (indefinite locative masculine singular)
pasīvos (indefinite locative masculine plural)
pasīvā (feminine indefinite locative singular)
pasīvās (feminine indefinite locative plural)

pasīvs savienojums

pasīva viela

pasīvais ūdens

pasīvā antena

fizioloģiski pasīvs

(physics, chemistry, biology) passive (which cannot react or work, which cannot have effects)


mīļākais

mīļākais (indefinite mīļāks, superlative vismīļākais, adverb mīļāk)

mīļāks (indefinite)
vismīļākais (superlative)
mīļāk (adverb)
mīļākais (definite masculine nominative singular)
mīļākie (definite masculine nominative plural)
mīļākā (definite feminine nominative singular)
mīļākās (definite feminine nominative plural)
mīļākā (definite genitive masculine singular)
mīļāko (definite genitive masculine plural)
mīļākās (definite feminine genitive singular)
mīļāko (definite feminine genitive plural)
mīļākajam (dative definite masculine singular)
mīļākajiem (dative definite masculine plural)
mīļākajai (dative definite feminine singular)
mīļākajām (dative definite feminine plural)
mīļāko (accusative definite masculine singular)
mīļākos (accusative definite masculine plural)
mīļāko (accusative definite feminine singular)
mīļākās (accusative definite feminine plural)
mīļāko (definite instrumental masculine singular)
mīļākajiem (definite instrumental masculine plural)
mīļāko (definite feminine instrumental singular)
mīļākajām (definite feminine instrumental plural)
mīļākajā (definite locative masculine singular)
mīļākajos (definite locative masculine plural)
mīļākajā (definite feminine locative singular)
mīļākajās (definite feminine locative plural)
mīļāko (definite masculine singular vocative)
mīļākais (definite masculine singular vocative)
mīļākie (definite masculine plural vocative)
mīļāko (definite feminine singular vocative)
mīļākā (definite feminine singular vocative)
mīļākās (definite feminine plural vocative)

the dearer, the kinder, the more loving; definite comparative degree of mīļš

kur lai tagad aiziet? ministrs gudroja... pie kuras no savām mīļākām šonakt braukt?

where to go now? the minister thought... to which of his lovers should he go tonight?

ja sievietei ir darbs, tad viņai nav vaļas domāt par mīļākiem

if a woman has work, then she doesn't have free time to think about lovers

visu gādību, uzmanību un cienību jūs atdodat savām sievām, kuras smejas par jums, kad tiek kopā ar saviem mīļākiem

you give all care, attention and respect to your wife, who laughs at you when she is together with her lovers

lover (person with whom one is regularly having sexual relations)


sniegbalts

sniegbalts (definite sniegbaltais, comparative sniegbaltāks, superlative vissniegbaltākais, adverb sniegbalti)

sniegbaltais (definite)
sniegbaltāks (comparative)
vissniegbaltākais (superlative)
sniegbalti (adverb)
sniegbalts (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
sniegbalti (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
sniegbalta (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
sniegbaltas (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
sniegbalta (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
sniegbaltu (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
sniegbaltas (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
sniegbaltu (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
sniegbaltam (dative indefinite masculine singular)
sniegbaltiem (dative indefinite masculine plural)
sniegbaltai (dative feminine indefinite singular)
sniegbaltām (dative feminine indefinite plural)
sniegbaltu (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
sniegbaltus (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
sniegbaltu (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
sniegbaltas (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
sniegbaltu (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
sniegbaltiem (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
sniegbaltu (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
sniegbaltām (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
sniegbaltā (indefinite locative masculine singular)
sniegbaltos (indefinite locative masculine plural)
sniegbaltā (feminine indefinite locative singular)
sniegbaltās (feminine indefinite locative plural)

sniegbalts galdauts, krekls

sniegbalta apkaklīte

sniegbalts zieds


ziemīgs

ziemīgs (definite ziemīgais, comparative ziemīgāks, superlative visziemīgākais, adverb ziemīgi)

ziemīgais (definite)
ziemīgāks (comparative)
visziemīgākais (superlative)
ziemīgi (adverb)
ziemīgs (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
ziemīgi (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
ziemīga (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
ziemīgas (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
ziemīga (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
ziemīgu (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
ziemīgas (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
ziemīgu (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
ziemīgam (dative indefinite masculine singular)
ziemīgiem (dative indefinite masculine plural)
ziemīgai (dative feminine indefinite singular)
ziemīgām (dative feminine indefinite plural)
ziemīgu (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
ziemīgus (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
ziemīgu (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
ziemīgas (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
ziemīgu (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
ziemīgiem (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
ziemīgu (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
ziemīgām (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
ziemīgā (indefinite locative masculine singular)
ziemīgos (indefinite locative masculine plural)
ziemīgā (feminine indefinite locative singular)
ziemīgās (feminine indefinite locative plural)

ziemīga ainava

ziemīgas noskaņas

ziemīga saule

ziemīgi lauki

(weather, places) wintry, winterly, typical of winter time


kurdiete

lv-noun

kurdiete f (5th declension, masculine form: kurds)

kurds (masculine)
kurdiete (nominative singular)
kurdietes (nominative plural)
kurdietes (genitive singular)
kurdiešu (genitive plural)
kurdietei (dative singular)
kurdietēm (dative plural)
kurdieti (accusative singular)
kurdietes (accusative plural)
kurdieti (instrumental singular)
kurdietēm (instrumental plural)
kurdietē (locative singular)
kurdietēs (locative plural)
kurdiete (singular vocative)
kurdietes (plural vocative)

a (female) Kurd, a woman member of the Kurdish people


paklājs

paklājs (nominative singular)
paklāji (nominative plural)
paklāja (genitive singular)
paklāju (genitive plural)
paklājam (dative singular)
paklājiem (dative plural)
paklāju (accusative singular)
paklājus (accusative plural)
paklāju (instrumental singular)
paklājiem (instrumental plural)
paklājā (locative singular)
paklājos (locative plural)
paklāj (singular vocative)
paklāji (plural vocative)

From pa- + klājs (“deck (of ship)”), with klājs (q.v.) being an irregular nominal form of klāt (“to cover”).

cīnas paklājs

(sports) mat (a floor covering, especially in martial arts, designed to protect the athletes from injury during training and competitions)


vasarīgs

head

vasarīgs (definite vasarīgais, comparative vasarīgāks, superlative visvasarīgākais, adverb vasarīgi)

vasarīgais (definite)
vasarīgāks (comparative)
visvasarīgākais (superlative)
vasarīgi (adverb)
vasarīgs (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
vasarīgi (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
vasarīga (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
vasarīgas (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
vasarīga (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
vasarīgu (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
vasarīgas (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
vasarīgu (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
vasarīgam (dative indefinite masculine singular)
vasarīgiem (dative indefinite masculine plural)
vasarīgai (dative feminine indefinite singular)
vasarīgām (dative feminine indefinite plural)
vasarīgu (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
vasarīgus (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
vasarīgu (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
vasarīgas (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
vasarīgu (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
vasarīgiem (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
vasarīgu (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
vasarīgām (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
vasarīgā (indefinite locative masculine singular)
vasarīgos (indefinite locative masculine plural)
vasarīgā (feminine indefinite locative singular)
vasarīgās (feminine indefinite locative plural)

vasarīgs karstums

vasarīgas debesis

vasarīga, ziedoša pļava

(weather, places) typical of summer, of summertime, summer-like, summerly


rudenīgs

rudenīgs (definite rudenīgais, comparative rudenīgāks, superlative visrudenīgākais, adverb rudenīgi)

rudenīgais (definite)
rudenīgāks (comparative)
visrudenīgākais (superlative)
rudenīgi (adverb)
rudenīgs (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
rudenīgi (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
rudenīga (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
rudenīgas (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
rudenīga (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
rudenīgu (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
rudenīgas (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
rudenīgu (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
rudenīgam (dative indefinite masculine singular)
rudenīgiem (dative indefinite masculine plural)
rudenīgai (dative feminine indefinite singular)
rudenīgām (dative feminine indefinite plural)
rudenīgu (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
rudenīgus (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
rudenīgu (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
rudenīgas (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
rudenīgu (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
rudenīgiem (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
rudenīgu (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
rudenīgām (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
rudenīgā (indefinite locative masculine singular)
rudenīgos (indefinite locative masculine plural)
rudenīgā (feminine indefinite locative singular)
rudenīgās (feminine indefinite locative plural)

rudenīgs drēgnums

rudenīgs laiks

rudenīgas debesis

rudenīga saule

rudenīga nakts

rudenīgi, tumši mākoņi

(weather, places) typical of autumn, autumnal, autumny


pavasarīgs

pavasarīgs (definite pavasarīgais, comparative pavasarīgāks, superlative vispavasarīgākais, adverb pavasarīgi)

pavasarīgais (definite)
pavasarīgāks (comparative)
vispavasarīgākais (superlative)
pavasarīgi (adverb)
pavasarīgs (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
pavasarīgi (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
pavasarīga (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
pavasarīgas (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
pavasarīga (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
pavasarīgu (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
pavasarīgas (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
pavasarīgu (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
pavasarīgam (dative indefinite masculine singular)
pavasarīgiem (dative indefinite masculine plural)
pavasarīgai (dative feminine indefinite singular)
pavasarīgām (dative feminine indefinite plural)
pavasarīgu (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
pavasarīgus (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
pavasarīgu (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
pavasarīgas (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
pavasarīgu (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
pavasarīgiem (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
pavasarīgu (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
pavasarīgām (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
pavasarīgā (indefinite locative masculine singular)
pavasarīgos (indefinite locative masculine plural)
pavasarīgā (feminine indefinite locative singular)
pavasarīgās (feminine indefinite locative plural)

pavasarīgi vēji

pavasarīgs laiks

pavasarīga ainava

(weather, places) typical of spring, of springtime


vecāki

vecāki (nominative plural)
vecāku (genitive plural)
vecākiem (dative plural)
vecākus (accusative plural)
vecākiem (instrumental plural)
vecākos (locative plural)
vecāki (plural vocative)

The term vecāki (“parents”) constitutes a nominalized use of the comparative plural form of the adjective vecs (“old”) and a calque of German Eltern (“parents”). In previous centuries it was also used in the sense of “ancient ones,” “ancestors,” “elders,” “wise ones;” in the 20th century, its meaning had become restricted to “parents.” Previously, combinations like tēvs un māte “father and mother” or tēvs māmiņa (lit. “father-mommy”).

jaunie organismi atšķiras no vecākiem

young, new organisms differ from (their) parents

bedzimumvairošanās procesā piedalās tikai viens vecāku organisms, no kura somatiskajām šūnām vai atsevišķām daļām veidojas divi vai vairāki jauni organismi

in the process of asexual reproduction, only one parental organism participates, from whose somatic cells or separate parts two or more new organisms are formed

(biology) parent, parental (an organism which has created other organisms)


raupjš

raupjš (definite raupjais, comparative raupjāks, superlative visraupjākais, adverb raupji)

raupjais (definite)
raupjāks (comparative)
visraupjākais (superlative)
raupji (adverb)
raupjš (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
raupji (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
raupja (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
raupjas (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
raupja (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
raupju (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
raupjas (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
raupju (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
raupjam (dative indefinite masculine singular)
raupjiem (dative indefinite masculine plural)
raupjai (dative feminine indefinite singular)
raupjām (dative feminine indefinite plural)
raupju (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
raupjus (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
raupju (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
raupjas (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
raupju (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
raupjiem (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
raupju (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
raupjām (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
raupjā (indefinite locative masculine singular)
raupjos (indefinite locative masculine plural)
raupjā (feminine indefinite locative singular)
raupjās (feminine indefinite locative plural)

From an earlier adjective *raupus (yielding two parallel forms, a yo-stem form that became standard raupjš and an o-stem form that yielded the archaic noun raups), from the o-grade form *roup- of Proto-Indo-European *reup-, *rūp-, *rup- (“to pull, to tear, to break”) (from the *rup- form comes the adjective rupjš, q.v.), from the stem *reu- (“to peel, to pluck, to dig”). The semantic evolution was probably “to pluck, to tear (e.g., wool, feathers)” > (adj.) “uneven, harsh” (skin, after removing wool, feathers) > “harsh, rugged.”.

raupji mati

(of hair, fur, plants) hard, coarse, not soft


vīle

vīle (nominative singular)
vīles (nominative plural)
vīles (genitive singular)
vīļu (genitive plural)
vīlei (dative singular)
vīlēm (dative plural)
vīli (accusative singular)
vīles (accusative plural)
vīli (instrumental singular)
vīlēm (instrumental plural)
vīlē (locative singular)
vīlēs (locative plural)
vīle (singular vocative)
vīles (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Middle High German vīle, or Middle Dutch vīle (“file”) (compare German Feile, English file). First mentioned in 17th-century sources.

plakana, apaļa vīle

rombveida vīle

rupja vīle, rupjvīle

smalka vīle, smalkvīle

skrāpju vīle, skrāpjvīle, skrāpvīle

nagu vīle

vīles spals

iecirst vīlei jaunus zobus

vīle jātur ar abām rokām

(carpentry tool) file (block of coarse metal attached to a handle, used for removing sharp edges or cutting)