intonācija

intonācija (nominative singular)
intonācijas (genitive singular)
intonācijai (dative singular)
intonāciju (accusative singular)
intonāciju (instrumental singular)
intonācijā (locative singular)
intonācija (singular vocative)

Via other European languages, ultimately borrowed from Latin intonātio (a Medieval Latin formation), made into a 4th-declension feminine noun ( + -ācija).

teikuma intonācija

jautájuma intonácija

ironiska, dusmíga, pavēloša intonācija

nemainot vārdu kārtību, frāzei var piešķirt dažādu intonāciju un līdz ar to dažādu nozīmi

without changing the word order, one can give a sentence various intonations and consequently also various meanings

(linguistics) intonation (the melodic curve of an utterance that expresses part of its content)

zilbes intonācija

krītošā, kāpjošā intonācija

stieptā intonācija

lauztā intonācija

intonāciju sistēma

viena no savdabīgākajām latviešu valodas fonētiskajām parādībām ir zilbes intonācija

one of the most peculiar phonetic features of the Latvian language is syllable intonation

(linguistics) intonation, tone (the melodic contour on a specific syllable)

pareiza, tīra, netīra intonācija

simfonijas 1. daļā]valda maigi liriska noskaņa, melodijas intonācijas kļūst diatoniski noturīgas, tās struktūra dziesmai līdzīga

in the first part of the symphony (there was) a soft lyrical mood, the melody's intonation becomes diatonically persistant, its structure similar to the song

orķestra muzicēšanas veids izceļas ar kopējā skanīguma saliedētību, kristāltīrām intonācijām un izjustu niansējumu

the orchestra's musical style stands out with total sound cohesion, crystal-clear intonations and (deeply) felt nuancing

(music) intonation (the smallest part of a melody that has expressive meaning; the performance of a music piece, with voice or instrument)

heroiska, intīma intonācija

jaunajai rakstniecei ir noteikts epiķes talants, bagāts dažādām liriskām intonācijām

the young (female) writer has a definite epic talent, rich with several lyrical intonations

raksturodams cilvēku, Čehovs pārsteidzošā dažādībā rada noskaņu un intonāciju bagātību

(when) characterizing people, Chekhov with surprising diversity created a richness of moods and tones

(literature) tone, overtone (a general conceptual and emotional mood expressed in, e.g., word order, context, punctuation, etc.)


uzsvars

uzsvars (nominative singular)
uzsvari (nominative plural)
uzsvara (genitive singular)
uzsvaru (genitive plural)
uzsvaram (dative singular)
uzsvariem (dative plural)
uzsvaru (accusative singular)
uzsvarus (accusative plural)
uzsvaru (instrumental singular)
uzsvariem (instrumental plural)
uzsvarā (locative singular)
uzsvaros (locative plural)
uzsvar (singular vocative)
uzsvari (plural vocative)

vārda, zilbes uzsvars

vārda uzsvara galvenā funkcija latviešu valodā ir runas plūsmā nodalīt vienu vārdu no otra

the main function of word stress in the Latvian language is to differentiate one word from another in the stream of speech

(linguistics) stress, accent (higher intensity or tone in the pronunciation of a specific syllable of a word)

ritmiskais uzsvars

(music) accent (emphasis on parts of a melody)


spļāviens

spļāviens (nominative singular)
spļāvieni (nominative plural)
spļāviena (genitive singular)
spļāvienu (genitive plural)
spļāvienam (dative singular)
spļāvieniem (dative plural)
spļāvienu (accusative singular)
spļāvienus (accusative plural)
spļāvienu (instrumental singular)
spļāvieniem (instrumental plural)
spļāvienā (locative singular)
spļāvienos (locative plural)
spļāvien (singular vocative)
spļāvieni (plural vocative)

From spļaut (past stem: spļāv-) + -iens.

suffix

spļaut <small>(past stem: spļāv-)</small>

spit (the saliva thrown out of one's mouth)


siekalas

siekalas (nominative plural)
siekalu (genitive plural)
siekalām (dative plural)
siekalas (accusative plural)
siekalām (instrumental plural)
siekalās (locative plural)
siekalas (plural vocative)

From the same stem as slieka (“earthworm”) (q.v.), with dissimilation (*sliekalas > siekalas); note dialectal forms like sliekas (“saliva”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *sley- (“slimy, slippery, glide”).
The synonymous word slienas comes also from the same stem, but with an extra n instead of an extra k.

der

siekalu dziedzeri

siekalu pilieni

siekalas saskrien mutē

izspļaut siekalas

siekalas tek

saliva is flowing (= one wants something very much)

siekalas samitrina sauso uzturu un noskalo no mutes gļotādas kaitīgās un liekās vielas

saliva moistens the dry food and washes away harmful substances from the mouth surface

(usually in the plural) saliva (secretions of the glands in the mouth)


pieturzīme

pieturzīme (nominative singular)
pieturzīmes (nominative plural)
pieturzīmes (genitive singular)
pieturzīmju (genitive plural)
pieturzīmei (dative singular)
pieturzīmēm (dative plural)
pieturzīmi (accusative singular)
pieturzīmes (accusative plural)
pieturzīmi (instrumental singular)
pieturzīmēm (instrumental plural)
pieturzīmē (locative singular)
pieturzīmēs (locative plural)
pieturzīme (singular vocative)
pieturzīmes (plural vocative)

From pieturas (“stop[gen.]”) + zīme (“symbol”).

compound

pieturzīmju lietošana

pēc gramatiskā principa ar pieturzīmēm atdala, piemēram, salikta teikuma komponentus

following grammatical principles, one separates with punctuation marks, for instance, the components of a complex sentence

punctuation mark (one of various symbols ( ., ; : ? ! etc.) used in writing to facilitate understanding)


komats

komats (nominative singular)
komati (nominative plural)
komata (genitive singular)
komatu (genitive plural)
komatam (dative singular)
komatiem (dative plural)
komatu (accusative singular)
komatus (accusative plural)
komatu (instrumental singular)
komatiem (instrumental plural)
komatā (locative singular)
komatos (locative plural)
komat (singular vocative)
komati (plural vocative)

Via other European languages, ultimately borrowed from Latin comma, itself a borrowing from Ancient Greek κόμμα (kómma), from κόπτω (kóptō, “I cut”). The term was made into a 1st-declension masculine noun with an additional final t, probably following the Ancient Greek declensional paradigm (κόμμα (kómma), gen. κόμματος (kómmatos)).

ierakstīt, likt komatu

atdalīt ar komatu

komats latviešu valodas rakstos ir visbiežāk lietotā pieturzīme, un tā funkcijas ir ļoti daudzveidīgas

the comma is the most frequently used punctuation mark in Latvian writing, and its functions are very diverse

“cik ir tauku procents?” jautā Antoniņa... “trīs, komats, deviņi”, tas atbild

“how much is the percentage of fat?” Antoniņa asks... “three comma nine,” he answers

punctuation mark
punctuation mark#English

(orthography) comma (punctuation mark (,) usually indicating a short pause; sign used to separate the integer from the decimal part of a number)


dzēriens

dzēriens (nominative singular)
dzērieni (nominative plural)
dzēriena (genitive singular)
dzērienu (genitive plural)
dzērienam (dative singular)
dzērieniem (dative plural)
dzērienu (accusative singular)
dzērienus (accusative plural)
dzērienu (instrumental singular)
dzērieniem (instrumental plural)
dzērienā (locative singular)
dzērienos (locative plural)
dzērien (singular vocative)
dzērieni (plural vocative)

From dzert (past stem: dzēr-) (“to drink”) + -iens.

suffix

ābolu dzēriens

raudzēta peina dzēriens

atspirdzinošs, dzirkstošs dzēriens

alkoholisks, bezalkoholisks dzēriens

reibinošs dzēriens

gatavot dzērienu no sulām

es dzeru siltu dzērienu: kafuju, kakao, tēju vai arī pienu

I drink a hot drink: coffee, chocolate, tea or also milk

dzērienu un vircoto ēdienu aromāts padarīja gaisu smagu

the aroma of drink and spicy food made the air heavy

drink, beverage (a liquid made for consumption by living beings)


daudzpunkte

daudzpunkte (nominative singular)
daudzpunktes (nominative plural)
daudzpunktes (genitive singular)
daudzpunkšu (genitive plural)
daudzpunktei (dative singular)
daudzpunktēm (dative plural)
daudzpunkti (accusative singular)
daudzpunktes (accusative plural)
daudzpunkti (instrumental singular)
daudzpunktēm (instrumental plural)
daudzpunktē (locative singular)
daudzpunktēs (locative plural)
daudzpunkte (singular vocative)
daudzpunktes (plural vocative)

From daudz (“many”) + punkts (“point, dot”), made into a 5th-declension feminine noun (ending -e).

nobeigt teikumu ar daudzpunkti

sākt rindkopu ar daudzpunkti

apzīmēt izlaidumu ar daudzpunkti

saskaņā ar tīri gramatisko interpunkcijas principu daudzpunkti varētu nelietot pavisam, taču tā var iezīmēt rakstos dažādas loģiskas un psiholoģiskas nianses un norādīt uz intonācijas īpatnībām

in accordance with the principle of grammatical punctuation, ellipses could be not used at all, but they can (serve to) highlight in writing different logical and psychological nuances and point to peculiarities in intonation

(orthography) ellipsis (punctuation mark consisting of three periods (…), used to indicate missing words or text)


intonatīvs

head

intonatīvs (definite intonatīvais, adverb intonatīvi)

intonatīvais (definite)
intonatīvi (adverb)
intonatīvs (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
intonatīvi (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
intonatīva (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
intonatīvas (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
intonatīva (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
intonatīvu (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
intonatīvas (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
intonatīvu (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
intonatīvam (dative indefinite masculine singular)
intonatīviem (dative indefinite masculine plural)
intonatīvai (dative feminine indefinite singular)
intonatīvām (dative feminine indefinite plural)
intonatīvu (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
intonatīvus (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
intonatīvu (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
intonatīvas (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
intonatīvu (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
intonatīviem (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
intonatīvu (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
intonatīvām (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
intonatīvā (indefinite locative masculine singular)
intonatīvos (indefinite locative masculine plural)
intonatīvā (feminine indefinite locative singular)
intonatīvās (feminine indefinite locative plural)

From intonā(cija) (“intonation”) + -īvs. Clearly not formed as such in Latvian, but borrowed and adapted from other European languages.

intonatīvais tembrs

zilbes intonatīvais skanējums

dzejoļa intonatīvās īpatnības

intonatīvais temps ir artikulācijas ātruma maiņa runas plūsmā

the intonational tempo is the change of articulatory speed in the speech stream

pēc intonatīvā principa pieturzīmes lietojamas tiešā saskaņā ar runas intonatīvo veidojumu

following the intonational principle, punctionation marks can be used in direct relation with the intonational structure of speech

intonational (pertaining or relating to intonation)


šodiena

šodiena (nominative singular)
šodienas (nominative plural)
šodienas (genitive singular)
šodienu (genitive plural)
šodienai (dative singular)
šodienām (dative plural)
šodienu (accusative singular)
šodienas (accusative plural)
šodienu (instrumental singular)
šodienām (instrumental plural)
šodienā (locative singular)
šodienās (locative plural)
šodiena (singular vocative)
šodienas (plural vocative)

risināt literatūrā aktuālās šodienas problēmas

addressing today's problems in literature

Kā īsti dabasbērni papuasi pieraduši dzīvot vienīgi šodienai, par tālāku nākotni nerūpēdamies.

As genuine children of nature, the Papuans are accustomed to living only for today, not worrying about the distant future.

today, nowadays (the current time period)


kalendārs

kalendārs (nominative singular)
kalendāri (nominative plural)
kalendāra (genitive singular)
kalendāru (genitive plural)
kalendāram (dative singular)
kalendāriem (dative plural)
kalendāru (accusative singular)
kalendārus (accusative plural)
kalendāru (instrumental singular)
kalendāriem (instrumental plural)
kalendārā (locative singular)
kalendāros (locative plural)
kalendār (singular vocative)
kalendāri (plural vocative)

Via other European languages, ultimately borrowed from Latin calendarium (“account book”), from calendae (“the first day of the month”), from calō (“to announce solemnly, to call out (the sighting of the new moon)”).

saules, mēness kalendārs

Jūlija, Gregora kalendārs

regulārā mēness izskata maiņa ir devusi pamatu kalendāram

the regular change in the appearance of the moon has given rise to the calendar

calendar (time counting system based on periodic natural phenomena)


semikols

semikols (nominative singular)
semikoli (nominative plural)
semikola (genitive singular)
semikolu (genitive plural)
semikolam (dative singular)
semikoliem (dative plural)
semikolu (accusative singular)
semikolus (accusative plural)
semikolu (instrumental singular)
semikoliem (instrumental plural)
semikolā (locative singular)
semikolos (locative plural)
semikol (singular vocative)
semikoli (plural vocative)

Via other European languages, ultimately from the Latin semi- + and the word kols (“colon”) (q.v.), imitating formations like English semicolon.

semikols ir samērā spēcīga atdalītājpieturzīme, ko galvenokārt lieto, lai krasāk nošķirtu atsevišķas salikta teikuma daļas

the semicolon is a rather strong separation mark, used primarily to distinguish sharply between parts of a composite sentence

(orthography) semicolon (punctuation mark (;) usually indicating a pause longer than that of a comma)


stādīt

stādīt (transitive, 3rd conjugation, present stādu, stādi, stāda, past stādīju)

conjugation (third-person)
stādu (present)
stādi (present)
stāda (present)
stādīju (past)
stādu (first-person indicative present singular)
stādīju (first-person indicative past singular)
stādīšu (first-person future indicative singular)
stādi (indicative present second-person singular)
stādīji (indicative past second-person singular)
stādīsi (future indicative second-person singular)
stādi (imperative second-person singular)
stāda (indicative present singular third-person)
stādīja (indicative past singular third-person)
stādīs (future indicative singular third-person)
lai stāda (imperative singular third-person)
stādām (first-person indicative plural present)
stādījām (first-person indicative past plural)
stādīsim (first-person future indicative plural)
stādīsim (first-person imperative plural)
stādāt (indicative plural present second-person)
stādījāt (indicative past plural second-person)
stādīsiet (future indicative plural second-person)
stādīsit (future indicative plural second-person)
stādiet (imperative plural second-person)
stāda (indicative plural present third-person)
stādīja (indicative past plural third-person)
stādīs (future indicative plural third-person)
lai stāda (imperative plural third-person)
stādot (present renarrative)
stādošs (active adjectival participle participle-1 present)
esot stādījis (past renarrative)
stādīdams (active adverbial participle participle-2 present)
stādīšot (future renarrative)
stādot (active adverbial participle participle-3 present)
lai stādot (imperative)
stādām (active participle participle-4 present)
stādījis (active participle past)
stādītu (conditional present)
stādāms (participle passive present)
būtu stādījis (conditional past)
stādīts (participle passive past)
jāstāda (debitive indicative)
būt jāstāda (debitive indicative)
stādīt (infinitive)
esot jāstāda (conjunctive conjunctive-1 debitive)
nestādīt (infinitive negative)
jāstādot (conjunctive conjunctive-2 debitive)
stādīšana (noun-from-verb)

This word results from two converging homonyms: a causative form of the verb stāt (“to stand”) (q.v.; cf. also stāvēt), and a derived verb from the noun stāds (“plant”) (q.v.). The latter is dominant in the literary language, but the former is still quite alive in dialectal usage, and is found in several expressions in the literary language as well.

stādīt kokus, kartupeļus, puķes

stādīt kāpostus, pupas, sīpolus

stādīt mežu, dzīvžogu

šodien mēs stādīsim dārzu

stādīt siltumnīcā tomātus

stādīt istabas puķes dekoratīvos podos

to plant room flowers in decorative pots

vislabāk ziemcietes stādīt pavasarī

it is best to plant perennials in spring

koki jāstāda tikpat dziļi, kā tie auguši mežā

trees must be planted as deep as they grow in the forest

to plant (to place, to insert (plant, root, tubers, etc.) in the soil so that it grows)

stādīt blakus

to put (something) next to (something else, to compare them)

stādīt pretī, pretim

to put (something) opposite (something else, to contrast them)

stādīt par priekšzīmi, par paraugu

to set (something) as a model, an example

stādīt jautājumu

dzīvi stādu pirmajā vietā, mīlu to ļoti

I put life in the first place, I love it very much

tikai viens fakts runāja Milleram par labu, un Roberts to tūlīt steidzās stādīt pretim Ezeriņa aizdomām

only one fact spoke favorably of Millers, and Roberts hurried to put it opposite (= in opposition to) Ezeriņš's suspicion

to set, to put in some place, state, or group, especially when evaluating, judging

stādīja bakas... iedzīvotājiem, kam pēdējo sešu gadu laikā nebija bakas stādītas

they vaccinated against smallpox the (local) inhabitants, who had not been vaccinated during the previous six years


kļūda

kļūda (nominative singular)
kļūdas (nominative plural)
kļūdas (genitive singular)
kļūdu (genitive plural)
kļūdai (dative singular)
kļūdām (dative plural)
kļūdu (accusative singular)
kļūdas (accusative plural)
kļūdu (instrumental singular)
kļūdām (instrumental plural)
kļūdā (locative singular)
kļūdās (locative plural)
kļūda (singular vocative)
kļūdas (plural vocative)

From (still dialectally attested) kļūdīt, originally the iterative form of kļūt (“to become”) (q.v.), with the meaning “to reach, to get (somewhere),” later “to reach accidentally, by mistake”, “to get lost,” and then “to make a mistake” (a meaning still found in its surviving reflexive form kļūdīties). The corresponding noun kļūda probably evolved from “chance, accident” to “misfortune” and finally “mistake.” Cognates include Lithuanian kliàuda (“lack, blame, defect”).

cog

praktiski izslēgtas mēriekārtās arī tā saucamās kalibrēšanas kļūdas

in the measuring equipment, the so-called calibration errors are practically excluded

(statistics) error (the difference between the true value of a given variable and its measured or calculated value)


iespiedkļūda

iespiedkļūda (nominative singular)
iespiedkļūdas (nominative plural)
iespiedkļūdas (genitive singular)
iespiedkļūdu (genitive plural)
iespiedkļūdai (dative singular)
iespiedkļūdām (dative plural)
iespiedkļūdu (accusative singular)
iespiedkļūdas (accusative plural)
iespiedkļūdu (instrumental singular)
iespiedkļūdām (instrumental plural)
iespiedkļūdā (locative singular)
iespiedkļūdās (locative plural)
iespiedkļūda (singular vocative)
iespiedkļūdas (plural vocative)

From iespied(ums) (“print”) + kļūda (“error, mistake”).

compound

labot iespiedkļūdas

rakstā ieviesusies iespiedkļūda

viņš neticēja, ka arī tā ir tikai nejaušība, ja laikrakstos tik bieži parādās iespiedkļūdas

he didn't believe that it is only a coincidence that typos occur so frequently in magazines

misprint, typographical error, typo (a mistake or error in a printed text)


aploksne

aploksne (nominative singular)
aploksnes (nominative plural)
aploksnes (genitive singular)
aplokšņu (genitive plural)
aploksnei (dative singular)
aploksnēm (dative plural)
aploksni (accusative singular)
aploksnes (accusative plural)
aploksni (instrumental singular)
aploksnēm (instrumental plural)
aploksnē (locative singular)
aploksnēs (locative plural)
aploksne (singular vocative)
aploksnes (plural vocative)

Derived from the present stem aplok- of aplocīt (“to wrap around”), itself from ap- + locīt (“to fold, to bend”), + -ne, with an intermediate epenthetic s. The word was coined at the end of the 19th century but only became popular in the 20th century, replacing the earlier borrowing kuverts.

aizlīmēt aploksni

atplēst aploksni

aizzīmogota aploksne

aploksne ar marku

uzrakstīt uz aploksnes adresi

uz galda stāvēja divas aploksnes ar simt divdesmit kronām katrā

on the table there were two envelopes, each with 120 kronas

viņš atrada uz sava galda vēstuli... tā kā mājās pasts nāca reti, viņš ar sevišķu interesi aplūkoja zilgano aploksni

he found a letter on his table... since the mail came only rarely home, he looked with particular interest at the blue envelope

envelope (paper or cardboard container for letters, documents, and similar flat objects, often to be sent by mail)


pastmarka

pastmarka (nominative singular)
pastmarkas (nominative plural)
pastmarkas (genitive singular)
pastmarku (genitive plural)
pastmarkai (dative singular)
pastmarkām (dative plural)
pastmarku (accusative singular)
pastmarkas (accusative plural)
pastmarku (instrumental singular)
pastmarkām (instrumental plural)
pastmarkā (locative singular)
pastmarkās (locative plural)
pastmarka (singular vocative)
pastmarkas (plural vocative)

From pasts (“post”) + marka (“sign, mark”).

pastmarku sērija

pastmarku kolēkcija

šobrīd dažādās pasaules valstīs izdoti vairāki tūkstoši pastmarku ar ārstu portretiem

at present, in several countries around the world, many thousand stamps with doctors' portraits have been issued

uz galdiņa pie loga bija vairākas vēstules, aplipinātas ārzemju pastmarkām

on the little table by the window there were several letters, sealed with foreign stamps

postage stamp (small piece of paper glued to envelopes or packages to certify payment for postal services)


pastnieks

lv-noun

pastnieks m (1st declension, feminine form: pastniece)

pastniece (feminine)
pastnieks (nominative singular)
pastnieki (nominative plural)
pastnieka (genitive singular)
pastnieku (genitive plural)
pastniekam (dative singular)
pastniekiem (dative plural)
pastnieku (accusative singular)
pastniekus (accusative plural)
pastnieku (instrumental singular)
pastniekiem (instrumental plural)
pastniekā (locative singular)
pastniekos (locative plural)
pastniek (singular vocative)
pastnieki (plural vocative)

From pasts (“post, mail”) + -nieks. First mentioned in 17th-18th century dictionaries.

lielu un atbildīgu darbu katru dienu veic pastnieki, nogādājot vēstuli adresātam

every day the postmen carry out important work, delivering letters to (their) addressees

viņa saņēma pensiju, reizi mēnesī viņai to atnesa pastnieks

she received a pension, the mailman brought it to her once a month

jau pirms pusdienas pie vārtiem piestāja pastnieks un pasniedza zilgani pelēku aploksni ar trīsstūra zīmogu

already before noon the mailman stood by the gate and delivered a bluish-gray envelope with a triangular stamp

postman, mailman (male postal worker who delivers mail to residential and commercial addresses)


pastniece

pastniece f (5th declension, masculine form: pastnieks)

pastnieks (masculine)
pastniece (nominative singular)
pastnieces (nominative plural)
pastnieces (genitive singular)
pastnieču (genitive plural)
pastniecei (dative singular)
pastniecēm (dative plural)
pastnieci (accusative singular)
pastnieces (accusative plural)
pastnieci (instrumental singular)
pastniecēm (instrumental plural)
pastniecē (locative singular)
pastniecēs (locative plural)
pastniece (singular vocative)
pastnieces (plural vocative)

From pasts (“post, mail”) + -niece, or pastnieks (“postman, mailman”) + -e (“fem.”) (the latter with palatalization of k to c).

suffix

pagājušajā gadā ar sūtījumā ievietoto ķīmisko vielu saindējusies pastniece pametusi darbu Latvijas Pastā

last year, a postwoman who was poisoned by chemicals placed in a postal package gave up her work at Latvian Mail

postwoman, mailwoman (female postal worker who delivers mail to residential and commercial addresses)


aizstāvība

aizstāvība (nominative singular)
aizstāvības (genitive singular)
aizstāvībai (dative singular)
aizstāvību (accusative singular)
aizstāvību (instrumental singular)
aizstāvībā (locative singular)
aizstāvība (singular vocative)

From aizstāv(ēt) (“to defend”) + -ība (with aizstāvēt from aiz- + stāvēt (“to stand”)).

aizstāvības runa

aizstāvības liecinieki

aizstāvim jāizlieto visi likumā norādītie aizstāvības līdzekļi un paņēmieni

the defender must exhaust all means and methods of defense indicated by law

aizstāvība kalpo sabiedrības interesēm... advokāts nedrīkst palīdzēt klientam izvairīties no pelnīta soda

the (public) defense serves the public interest... a lawyer must not help a defendant avoid well-deserved punishment

(law) defense (a rebuttal to the prosecution in a court of law; the lawyer or lawyers who defend the accused)

aizstāvības cīņu dienas

the days of defense (= defensive) struggle

no Rīgas pa šoseju uz jaunām aizstāvības linijām brauca tanki und smagās mašīnas ar lielgabaliem

along the highway from Riga tanks and trucks with machine guns came to the new defense lines

(rare, military) defense (fight against an enemy attack)


normalitāte

normalitāte (nominative singular)
normalitātes (genitive singular)
normalitātei (dative singular)
normalitāti (accusative singular)
normalitāti (instrumental singular)
normalitātē (locative singular)
normalitāte (singular vocative)

šķīdumu normalitāte

gram equivalent weight
gram equivalent weight#English

(chemistry) normality, normal concentration (concentration of a solution in gram equivalent weights of solute per liter of solution)


pareizrakstība

pareizrakstība (nominative singular)
pareizrakstības (genitive singular)
pareizrakstībai (dative singular)
pareizrakstību (accusative singular)
pareizrakstību (instrumental singular)
pareizrakstībā (locative singular)
pareizrakstība (singular vocative)

From pareizs (“correct”) + rakstība (“writing”) (with rakstība from raksts (“piece of writing”) + -ība).

compound

latviešu valodas pareizrakstība

pareizrakstības likumi, principi

pareizrakstības vārdnīca

labot pareizrakstības kļūdas

Mancelis šai grāmatā lieto jaunu latviešu valodas pareizrakstību

in this book, Mancelis uses the new Latvian orthography

Gunāram neveicās ar pareizrakstību... viņš nezināja, kur likt garumzīmes, neprata atšķirt gadījumus, kad raksta “g”, kad “k”

Gunārs had no luck with spelling... he didn't know where to put the length marks (and) couldn't distinguish the cases in which “g” or “k” must be written

orthography, correct spelling (the officially correct way to spell words in a given language)


ortogrāfija

ortogrāfija (nominative singular)
ortogrāfijas (genitive singular)
ortogrāfijai (dative singular)
ortogrāfiju (accusative singular)
ortogrāfiju (instrumental singular)
ortogrāfijā (locative singular)
ortogrāfija (singular vocative)

Via other European languages, ultimately borrowed from Latin orthographia, itself a borrowing from Hellenistic Ancient Greek ὀρθογραφία (orthographía), from ὀρθός (orthós, “correct”) and γράφω (gráphō, “write”).

ortogrāfijas principi

vecā ortogrāfija

old orthography (in Latvia, before the 1920s)

jaunā ortogrāfija

new orthography (in Latvia, after the 1920s)

1918. gadā padomju valdība pieņēma lēmumu par krievu ortogrāfijas grozīšanu

in 1918 the Soviet government adopted a decision on the amendment of the Russian orthography

viena no meitenēm paskaidro ortogrāfijas likumus, bet kāds zēns pasaka interpunkcijas likumus

one of the girls explains the orthography rules, while a boy talks about punctuation rules


ortogrāfisks

head

ortogrāfisks (definite ortogrāfiskais, adverb ortogrāfiski)

ortogrāfiskais (definite)
ortogrāfiski (adverb)
ortogrāfisks (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
ortogrāfiski (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
ortogrāfiska (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
ortogrāfiskas (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
ortogrāfiska (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
ortogrāfisku (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
ortogrāfiskas (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
ortogrāfisku (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
ortogrāfiskam (dative indefinite masculine singular)
ortogrāfiskiem (dative indefinite masculine plural)
ortogrāfiskai (dative feminine indefinite singular)
ortogrāfiskām (dative feminine indefinite plural)
ortogrāfisku (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
ortogrāfiskus (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
ortogrāfisku (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
ortogrāfiskas (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
ortogrāfisku (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
ortogrāfiskiem (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
ortogrāfisku (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
ortogrāfiskām (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
ortogrāfiskā (indefinite locative masculine singular)
ortogrāfiskos (indefinite locative masculine plural)
ortogrāfiskā (feminine indefinite locative singular)
ortogrāfiskās (feminine indefinite locative plural)

From ortogrāfija (“orthography”) + -isks. Clearly not formed as such in Latvian, but borrowed and adapted from other European languages.

ortogrāfiskā rakstība

ortogrāfiska kļūda

orthographic (relating or pertaining to orthography, to spelling)


kardioloģisks

kardioloģisks (definite kardioloģiskais, adverb kardioloģiski)

kardioloģiskais (definite)
kardioloģiski (adverb)
kardioloģisks (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
kardioloģiski (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
kardioloģiska (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
kardioloģiskas (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
kardioloģiska (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
kardioloģisku (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
kardioloģiskas (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
kardioloģisku (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
kardioloģiskam (dative indefinite masculine singular)
kardioloģiskiem (dative indefinite masculine plural)
kardioloģiskai (dative feminine indefinite singular)
kardioloģiskām (dative feminine indefinite plural)
kardioloģisku (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
kardioloģiskus (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
kardioloģisku (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
kardioloģiskas (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
kardioloģisku (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
kardioloģiskiem (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
kardioloģisku (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
kardioloģiskām (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
kardioloģiskā (indefinite locative masculine singular)
kardioloģiskos (indefinite locative masculine plural)
kardioloģiskā (feminine indefinite locative singular)
kardioloģiskās (feminine indefinite locative plural)

From kardioloģija (“cardiology”) + -isks. Probably not derived as such in Latvian, but borrowed and adapted from another European language.

'jauna kardioloģiskā klīnika

kardioloģisks kabinets

kardioloģiskas operācijas

kardioloģiski instrumenti

slimnīcas poliklīnikā darbojas speciāls kardioloģiskais centrs

a special cardiological center operates in the hospital clinic

cardiological (relating to cardiology or to the study and care of the human heart)


kardioloģe

lv-noun

kardioloģe f (5th declension, masculine form: kardiologs)

kardiologs (masculine)
kardioloģe (nominative singular)
kardioloģes (nominative plural)
kardioloģes (genitive singular)
kardioloģu (genitive plural)
kardioloģei (dative singular)
kardioloģēm (dative plural)
kardioloģi (accusative singular)
kardioloģes (accusative plural)
kardioloģi (instrumental singular)
kardioloģēm (instrumental plural)
kardioloģē (locative singular)
kardioloģēs (locative plural)
kardioloģe (singular vocative)
kardioloģes (plural vocative)

From kardiologs (“cardiologist”) + -e (“fem.”).

suffix

kardioloģe Silvija Hansone piedalījās seminārā par iespējām mazināt koronārās sirds slimības izplatību sieviešu vidū

the cardiologist Silvija Hansone participated in a semanar on the possibilities for reducing the incidence of coronary heart diseases among women

(female) cardiologist (a specialist in cardiology, in the study and care of the human heart)


kardiologs

lv-noun

kardiologs m (1st declension, feminine form: kardioloģe)

kardioloģe (feminine)
kardiologs (nominative singular)
kardiologi (nominative plural)
kardiologa (genitive singular)
kardiologu (genitive plural)
kardiologam (dative singular)
kardiologiem (dative plural)
kardiologu (accusative singular)
kardiologus (accusative plural)
kardiologu (instrumental singular)
kardiologiem (instrumental plural)
kardiologā (locative singular)
kardiologos (locative plural)
kardiolog (singular vocative)
kardiologi (plural vocative)

visiem bērniem ar iedzimtām sirdskaitēm jāatrodas nepārtrauktā ārsta pediatra un kardiologa uzraudzībā

all children with congenital heart diseases must remain under continuous medical supervision by a pediatrician and a cardiologist

Bratislavā tika atklāts starptautiskais kardiologu kongress, kas veltīts sirds slimību ārstēšanas problēmām

in Bratislava the international cardiologists' congress was opened, dedicated to the problems of treating heart diseases

(male) cardiologist (a specialist in stomatology, in the study and care of the human heart)


kardioloģija

kardioloģija (nominative singular)
kardioloģijas (genitive singular)
kardioloģijai (dative singular)
kardioloģiju (accusative singular)
kardioloģiju (instrumental singular)
kardioloģijā (locative singular)
kardioloģija (singular vocative)

A new coinage, ultimately from Ancient Greek καρδία (kardía, “heart”) and -λογία (-logía, “study”), probably borrowed from other European languages and adapted into Latvian (e.g., + -ija).

kardioloģijas speciālisti sniedz konsultācijas

ātri sāka attīstīties svarīgais virziens kardioloģijā: medicīniskā reabilitācija jeb slimnieka veselības un darba spēju atjaunošana

soon an important movement began to develop within cardiology: medical rehabilitation, the recovery of the patient's health and ability to work

cardiology (branch of medicine that studies the heart, its diseases, treatments, and prevention)


kāravs

kāravs (nominative singular)
kāravi (nominative plural)
kārava (genitive singular)
kāravu (genitive plural)
kāravam (dative singular)
kāraviem (dative plural)
kāravu (accusative singular)
kāravus (accusative plural)
kāravu (instrumental singular)
kāraviem (instrumental plural)
kāravā (locative singular)
kāravos (locative plural)
kārav (singular vocative)
kāravi (plural vocative)

Apparently borrowed from French carreau.

kārava dūzis

Lūsis paņēma vēl vienu kārti: tā bija kārava dāma

Lūsis took yet another card: it was the queen of diamonds

kapteinis sāka dalīt kārtis, un Vilks izklaidīgi ņēma tās pretī... tur bija viens kalps un trīs dāmas: krusta, kārava un sirds

the captain started dealing the cards, and Vilks absent-mindedly took them... there were three queens: clubs, diamonds, and hearts

(card games) diamonds (one of the four suits of playing cards, marked with the symbol ♦)


uzdot

head

uzdot (transitive, no conjugation, present uzdodu, uzdod, uzdod, past uzdevu)

uzdodu (present)
uzdod (present)
uzdevu (past)
uzdodu (first-person indicative present singular)
uzdevu (first-person indicative past singular)
uzdošu (first-person future indicative singular)
uzdod (indicative present second-person singular)
uzdevi (indicative past second-person singular)
uzdosi (future indicative second-person singular)
uzdod (imperative second-person singular)
uzdod (indicative present singular third-person)
uzdeva (indicative past singular third-person)
uzdos (future indicative singular third-person)
lai uzdod (imperative singular third-person)
uzdodam (first-person indicative plural present)
uzdevām (first-person indicative past plural)
uzdosim (first-person future indicative plural)
uzdosim (first-person imperative plural)
uzdodat (indicative plural present second-person)
uzdevāt (indicative past plural second-person)
uzdosiet (future indicative plural second-person)
uzdosit (future indicative plural second-person)
uzdodiet (imperative plural second-person)
uzdod (indicative plural present third-person)
uzdeva (indicative past plural third-person)
uzdos (future indicative plural third-person)
lai uzdod (imperative plural third-person)
uzdodot (present renarrative)
uzdodošs (active adjectival participle participle-1 present)
esot uzdevis (past renarrative)
uzdodams (active adverbial participle participle-2 present)
uzdošot (future renarrative)
uzdodot (active adverbial participle participle-3 present)
lai uzdodot (imperative)
uzdodam (active participle participle-4 present)
uzdevis (active participle past)
uzdotu (conditional present)
uzdodams (participle passive present)
būtu uzdevis (conditional past)
uzdots (participle passive past)
jāuzdod (debitive indicative)
būt jāuzdod (debitive indicative)
uzdot (infinitive)
esot jāuzdod (conjunctive conjunctive-1 debitive)
neuzdot (infinitive negative)
jāuzdodot (conjunctive conjunctive-2 debitive)
uzdošana (noun-from-verb)

Ārgals aizsteidzās sakārtot un jau iepriekš uzdot balsis, lai kamertonis nav jātinkšina vēlāk, publikas priekšā

Ārgals hurried to arrange (everything) and give voices (= tone) in advance, so that later it wouldn't be necessary to sound the tuning fork in front of the public

sarunai toni, kā zināms, uzdod pārskata ziņojums

the tone of the conversation, as is known, was given by the review report

(music, of tones, voices) to give (to make, e.g. a choir, sing at the desired volume and pitch by producing the first few sounds, notes; also metaphorically)


aseksuālisms

aseksuālisms (nominative singular)
aseksuālisma (genitive singular)
aseksuālismam (dative singular)
aseksuālismu (accusative singular)
aseksuālismu (instrumental singular)
aseksuālismā (locative singular)
aseksuālism (singular vocative)

From aseksuāls + -isms (with aseksuāls from a- + seksuāls (“sexual”) and seksuāls from sekss (“sex”) + -āls). Probably not derived as such in Latvian, but borrowed and adapted from other European languages.

aseksuālisma karogs

aseksuālisms ir pilnīgs erotisko un seksuālo jūtu trūkums

asexuality is the complete lack of erotic and sexual feelings

asexuality (the state or quality of being asexual, of not experiencing sexual attraction; the lifestyle associated with it)


aseksuālists

lv-noun

aseksuālists m (1st declension, feminine form: aseksuāliste)

aseksuāliste (feminine)
aseksuālists (nominative singular)
aseksuālisti (nominative plural)
aseksuālista (genitive singular)
aseksuālistu (genitive plural)
aseksuālistam (dative singular)
aseksuālistiem (dative plural)
aseksuālistu (accusative singular)
aseksuālistus (accusative plural)
aseksuālistu (instrumental singular)
aseksuālistiem (instrumental plural)
aseksuālistā (locative singular)
aseksuālistos (locative plural)
aseksuālist (singular vocative)
aseksuālisti (plural vocative)

From aseksuāls + -ists (with aseksuāls from a- + seksuāls and seksuāls from sekss (“sex”) + -āls). Probably not derived as such in Latvian, but borrowed and adapted from other European languages.

tu esi vienīgais aseksuālists valstī

you are the only asexual man in the country

esmu panromantisks aseksuālists

an asexual man (a man who does not experience sexual feelings)


homoseksuāliste

homoseksuāliste f (5th declension, masculine form: homoseksuālists)

homoseksuālists (masculine)
homoseksuāliste (nominative singular)
homoseksuālistes (nominative plural)
homoseksuālistes (genitive singular)
homoseksuālistu (genitive plural)
homoseksuālistei (dative singular)
homoseksuālistēm (dative plural)
homoseksuālisti (accusative singular)
homoseksuālistes (accusative plural)
homoseksuālisti (instrumental singular)
homoseksuālistēm (instrumental plural)
homoseksuālistē (locative singular)
homoseksuālistēs (locative plural)
homoseksuāliste (singular vocative)
homoseksuālistes (plural vocative)

From homoseksuālists (“homosexual man”) + -e (“fem.”).

suffix

vai tu esi homoseksuāliste?

viņa ir pirmā premjerministre Islandes vēsturē un pirmā pasaulē zināmā valdības vadītāja, kura ir atklātā homoseksuāliste

she is the first female Prime Minister of Iceland and the first known head of state who is an open homosexual woman


aseksuāliste

lv-noun

aseksuāliste f (5th declension, masculine form: aseksuālists)

aseksuālists (masculine)
aseksuāliste (nominative singular)
aseksuālistes (nominative plural)
aseksuālistes (genitive singular)
aseksuālistu (genitive plural)
aseksuālistei (dative singular)
aseksuālistēm (dative plural)
aseksuālisti (accusative singular)
aseksuālistes (accusative plural)
aseksuālisti (instrumental singular)
aseksuālistēm (instrumental plural)
aseksuālistē (locative singular)
aseksuālistēs (locative plural)
aseksuāliste (singular vocative)
aseksuālistes (plural vocative)

From aseksuālists (“asexual man”) + -e (“fem.”).

suffix

es esmu aseksuāliste

an asexual woman (a woman who does not experience sexual feelings)


aseksuāls

head

aseksuāls (definite aseksuālais, comparative aseksuālāks, superlative visaseksuālākais, adverb aseksuāli)

aseksuālais (definite)
aseksuālāks (comparative)
visaseksuālākais (superlative)
aseksuāli (adverb)
aseksuāls (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
aseksuāli (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
aseksuāla (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
aseksuālas (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
aseksuāla (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
aseksuālu (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
aseksuālas (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
aseksuālu (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
aseksuālam (dative indefinite masculine singular)
aseksuāliem (dative indefinite masculine plural)
aseksuālai (dative feminine indefinite singular)
aseksuālām (dative feminine indefinite plural)
aseksuālu (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
aseksuālus (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
aseksuālu (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
aseksuālas (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
aseksuālu (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
aseksuāliem (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
aseksuālu (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
aseksuālām (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
aseksuālā (indefinite locative masculine singular)
aseksuālos (indefinite locative masculine plural)
aseksuālā (feminine indefinite locative singular)
aseksuālās (feminine indefinite locative plural)

From a- + seksuāls (“sexual”) (with seksuāls from sekss (“sex”) + -āls). Probably not derived as such in Latvian, but borrowed and adapted from other European languages.

aseksuāls dvīvesstāsts

aseksuāls cilvēks

aseksuālas attiecības

asexual, non-sexual (not able to experience sexual feelings)


uzdevums

uzdevums (nominative singular)
uzdevumi (nominative plural)
uzdevuma (genitive singular)
uzdevumu (genitive plural)
uzdevumam (dative singular)
uzdevumiem (dative plural)
uzdevumu (accusative singular)
uzdevumus (accusative plural)
uzdevumu (instrumental singular)
uzdevumiem (instrumental plural)
uzdevumā (locative singular)
uzdevumos (locative plural)
uzdevum (singular vocative)
uzdevumi (plural vocative)

From uzdot (past stem: uzdev-) (“to give a task”) + -ums (with uzdot from uz- + dot (“give”)).

suffix

uzdot <small>(past stem: uzdev-</small>)

(law) proxy (civil contract whereby one party gives the other party authority to execute certain tasks on his or her behalf, such as payments, acquisition and management of property, etc.)


kārts

kārts (nominative singular)
kārtis (nominative plural)
kārts (genitive singular)
kāršu (genitive plural)
kārtij (dative singular)
kārtīm (dative plural)
kārti (accusative singular)
kārtis (accusative plural)
kārti (instrumental singular)
kārtīm (instrumental plural)
kārtī (locative singular)
kārtīs (locative plural)
kārts (singular vocative)
kārtis (plural vocative)

According to the most widespread view, kārts is a nominal form of the stem of the verb kārt “to hang” (q.v.), in which case its original meaning was “hanging (piece of wood),” or maybe “piece of wood from which something hangs.” Another hypothesis derives kārts from the same stem as cirst “to chop wood,” i.e. Proto-Baltic *kart-, *kirt-, from Proto-Indo-European *ker- “to cut” with an extra -t, in which case the original meaning would have been “cut, chopped (piece of wood).” Note, however, that the latter hypothesis does not explain the level tone in kārsts (cirst has falling tone), whereas the former does (kārt, like kārts, has level tone). Cognates include Lithuanian kártis, Old Prussian kartans.

tagad, izrādās, vairs nepietiek tikai ar kārts atbilstību sportista augumam un svaram

now, it turns out, the support of the pole is no longer enough for the height and weight of the athlete...

(sports, athletics) pole used in pole vault competitions


kārts

Borrowed from German Karte (with level-tone lengthening: āɾ > āːɾ), itself borrowed from French carte. The term is first mentioned in 17th-century dictionaries as a plural 5th-declension noun (kārtes); the current 6th-declension form is first attested in the 1870s, perhaps as a result of the influence of kārts “pole” (see above), which was already a 6th-declension stem; cf. karte, also borrowed from German Karte, but not influenced by kārts “pole.”

kāršu komplekts

kāršu vērtība

kāršu spēle

dalīt kārtis

kāršu suga

Nikurs paņēma savu kārti... tas bija pīķa kalps

Nikurs took his card... it was the jack of spades

card, playing card (one of usually 52 rectangular pieces of hard paper or cardboard with drawings, used to play various games)

kāršu partija

spēlēt kārtis

kungi sēdās pie kāršu galda

the gentlemen sat down at the card table

lielajā namā pirms revolūcijas pulcējās muižnieku aristokrātija, notriecot lauku kārtīs, uzdzīvē un tukšās diskusijās

before the revolution, the landowner aristocracy got together in the big house, killing time in (= with) cards, merry-making and empty discussions

cards, card game (a game which uses these cards)


spēļu kārts

spēļu kārts (nominative singular)
spēļu kārtis (nominative plural)
spēļu kārts (genitive singular)
spēļu kāršu (genitive plural)
spēļu kārtij (dative singular)
spēļu kārtīm (dative plural)
spēļu kārti (accusative singular)
spēļu kārtis (accusative plural)
spēļu kārti (instrumental singular)
spēļu kārtīm (instrumental plural)
spēļu kārtī (locative singular)
spēļu kārtīs (locative plural)
spēļu kārts (singular vocative)
spēļu kārtis (plural vocative)

spēļu kāršu komplekts

spēļu kāršu sugas

Eiropā spēļu kārtis ievada musulmaņi

playing cards were introduced in Europe by the Muslims

playing card (one of usually 52 rectangular pieces of hard paper or cardboard with drawings, used to play various games)


Hemingvejs

Hemingvejs (nominative singular)
Hemingveja (genitive singular)
Hemingvejam (dative singular)
Hemingveju (accusative singular)
Hemingveju (instrumental singular)
Hemingvejā (locative singular)
Hemingvej (singular vocative)

Ernest Hemingway, a 20th-century American writer.


Lūks

Lūks (nominative singular)
Lūka (genitive singular)
Lūkam (dative singular)
Lūku (accusative singular)
Lūku (instrumental singular)
Lūkā (locative singular)
Lūk (singular vocative)

Lūks Vilsons

Lūks Skaivolkers

A respelling of the English male given name Luke.

a male given name, rarely borne also by Latvian speakers


spriedums

spriedums (nominative singular)
spriedumi (nominative plural)
sprieduma (genitive singular)
spriedumu (genitive plural)
spriedumam (dative singular)
spriedumiem (dative plural)
spriedumu (accusative singular)
spriedumus (accusative plural)
spriedumu (instrumental singular)
spriedumiem (instrumental plural)
spriedumā (locative singular)
spriedumos (locative plural)
spriedum (singular vocative)
spriedumi (plural vocative)

From spriest (past stem: spried-) (“to judge”) + -ums.

spriest <small>(past stem: spried-</small>)

tiesas spriedums

attaisnojošs spriedums

notiesājošs spriedums

sprieduma apturēšana

taisīt spriedumu

pārsūdzēt spriedumu

izpildīt spriedumu

parakstīt nāves spriedumu

kad tiesnesis pasludināja bargu spriedumu, publika aplaudēja

when the judge gave a harsh sentence, the audience applauded

(law) verdict, sentence (official decision of a court of law with respect to a civil or criminal case, according to its merits)

sprieduma priekšmets

sprieduma subjekts, predikāts

vispārējs spriedums

daļējs spriedums

hipotētisks spriedums

paradokss ir pārsteidzošs divu spriedumu savienojums, kurā no formāli loģiskā viedokļa viens spriedums otru izslēdz, taču reāli abi ir vienlīdz iespējami

a paradox is a surprising union of two judgments in which, from a formally logical viewpoint, one judgment excludes the other, but in reality both are equally possible

(logic) judgment (a type of thinking which expresses in affirmative or negative form objects and their characteristics with respect to each other)


paradokss

paradokss (nominative singular)
paradoksi (nominative plural)
paradoksa (genitive singular)
paradoksu (genitive plural)
paradoksam (dative singular)
paradoksiem (dative plural)
paradoksu (accusative singular)
paradoksus (accusative plural)
paradoksu (instrumental singular)
paradoksiem (instrumental plural)
paradoksā (locative singular)
paradoksos (locative plural)
paradoks (singular vocative)
paradoksi (plural vocative)

Via other European languages, ultimately borrowed from Latin paradoxum, itself a borrowing from Ancient Greek παράδοξος (parádoxos, “unexpected, strange”).

uder

kāds nepielūdzams paradokss: no tā, kas daudz dara, prasa arvien vairāk un vairāk

what implacable paradox: from he who does a lot one asks always more and more

un nu slimajam jāmierina veselais!... nežēlīgs paradokss

and now the sick must satisfy the healthy!... a cruel paradox

asociatīvā dzeja ar savu spēju dialektiski apvienot un izskaidrot pretrunas, paradoksus ir sarežģītāka, tā prasa no lasītāja piepūli lasīt un domāt, salīdzināt un saprast

associative poetry with its ability to unify and explain contradictions (and) paradoxes dialectically is more complex, it requires from the reader an effort to read and think, to compare and understand

paradox (a contradiction between statements assumed to be simultaneously true; a contradiction to something known or believed to be true, to something that is usually the case)


paradoksāls

head

paradoksāls (definite paradoksālais, comparative paradoksālāks, superlative visparadoksālākais, adverb paradoksāli)

paradoksālais (definite)
paradoksālāks (comparative)
visparadoksālākais (superlative)
paradoksāli (adverb)
paradoksāls (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
paradoksāli (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
paradoksāla (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
paradoksālas (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
paradoksāla (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
paradoksālu (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
paradoksālas (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
paradoksālu (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
paradoksālam (dative indefinite masculine singular)
paradoksāliem (dative indefinite masculine plural)
paradoksālai (dative feminine indefinite singular)
paradoksālām (dative feminine indefinite plural)
paradoksālu (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
paradoksālus (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
paradoksālu (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
paradoksālas (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
paradoksālu (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
paradoksāliem (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
paradoksālu (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
paradoksālām (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
paradoksālā (indefinite locative masculine singular)
paradoksālos (indefinite locative masculine plural)
paradoksālā (feminine indefinite locative singular)
paradoksālās (feminine indefinite locative plural)

From paradokss (“paradox”) + -āls. Probably not formed as such in Latvian, but borrowed and adapted from other European languages.

paradoksāls gadījums, stāvoklis

paradoksāls atzinums, apgalvojums

paradoksāla asprātība

paradoksāli salīdzinājumi

ir reizes, kad dzejnieku var izprovocēt uz atcerēšanos... traģiskais un komiskais, sīkais un nozīmīgais tad parādās dzīves paradoksālos mezglojumos

there are times when a poet can trigger memories... the tragic and the comic, the petty and the meaningful show themselves in life's paradoxical entanglements

paradoxical (relating to, expressing, a paradox)


paradoksalitāte

paradoksalitāte (nominative singular)
paradoksalitātes (genitive singular)
paradoksalitātei (dative singular)
paradoksalitāti (accusative singular)
paradoksalitāti (instrumental singular)
paradoksalitātē (locative singular)
paradoksalitāte (singular vocative)

From paradoksāls (“paradoxical”) + -itāte, with paradoksāls from paradokss (“paradox”) + -āls. Probably not formed as such in Latvian, but borrowed and adapted from other European languages.

A. Kolbergu interesē pretišķīgais cilvēku raksturos un likteņos, tā paradoksalitāte

A. Kolbergs was interested in what is contradictory in people's characters and destinies, in their paradoxicality

paradoksalitāte, kur traģiskais piesegts are dažādu gradāciju smiekliem... šo nelielo noevli padara par būtisku sociālo problēmu pētījumu

the paradoxicality in which the tragic is covered with several gradations of laughter... made this small novel into a significant piece of research on social problems

paradoxicality (the state or quality of that which is paradoxical)


paradoksālums

paradoksālums (nominative singular)
paradoksāluma (genitive singular)
paradoksālumam (dative singular)
paradoksālumu (accusative singular)
paradoksālumu (instrumental singular)
paradoksālumā (locative singular)
paradoksālum (singular vocative)

From paradoksāls (“paradoxical”) + -ums, with paradoksāls from paradokss (“paradox”) + -āls.

sprieduma paradoksālums

the paradoxicality of the judgment, verdict


gadsimts

gadsimts (nominative singular)
gadsimti (nominative plural)
gadsimta (genitive singular)
gadsimtu (genitive plural)
gadsimtam (dative singular)
gadsimtiem (dative plural)
gadsimtu (accusative singular)
gadsimtus (accusative plural)
gadsimtu (instrumental singular)
gadsimtiem (instrumental plural)
gadsimtā (locative singular)
gadsimtos (locative plural)
gadsimt (singular vocative)
gadsimti (plural vocative)

pagājušais gadsimts

gadsimtiem ilgi

divdesmitais gadsimts

Latvijas pilsētas šobrīd ātri maina savu gadsimtos veidoto seju

Latvian cities now quickly change their centuries-old face

Ēģiptes atradnes līdz 16. gadsimta vidum bija vienīgās smaragdu piegādātājas Austrumu zemēm

Egyptian deposits were the only supplier of emeralds to Eastern lands until the mid-16th century

century (a time period of a hundred years; such a period as part of a calendar system)


fotogrāfisks

fotogrāfisks (definite fotogrāfiskais, comparative fotogrāfiskāks, superlative visfotogrāfiskākais, adverb fotogrāfiski)

fotogrāfiskais (definite)
fotogrāfiskāks (comparative)
visfotogrāfiskākais (superlative)
fotogrāfiski (adverb)
fotogrāfisks (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
fotogrāfiski (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
fotogrāfiska (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
fotogrāfiskas (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
fotogrāfiska (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
fotogrāfisku (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
fotogrāfiskas (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
fotogrāfisku (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
fotogrāfiskam (dative indefinite masculine singular)
fotogrāfiskiem (dative indefinite masculine plural)
fotogrāfiskai (dative feminine indefinite singular)
fotogrāfiskām (dative feminine indefinite plural)
fotogrāfisku (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
fotogrāfiskus (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
fotogrāfisku (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
fotogrāfiskas (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
fotogrāfisku (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
fotogrāfiskiem (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
fotogrāfisku (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
fotogrāfiskām (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
fotogrāfiskā (indefinite locative masculine singular)
fotogrāfiskos (indefinite locative masculine plural)
fotogrāfiskā (feminine indefinite locative singular)
fotogrāfiskās (feminine indefinite locative plural)

From fotogrāfija (“photography”) + -isks. Probably not derived as such in Latvian, but borrowed and adapted from other European languages.

fotogrāfisks materiāls

fotogrāfiskā procesa rezultātā tiks iegūts attēls

as a result of the photographic process, an image is obtained

pavadoņu fotogrāfiskā novērošana izraisa arī lielu praktisku interesi navigācijā un ģeodēzijā

photographic observation via satellites leads also to great practical interest in navigation and geodesy

photographic (relating to photography or to photographs)


kaligrāfisks

kaligrāfisks (definite kaligrāfiskais, comparative kaligrāfiskāks, superlative viskaligrāfiskākais, adverb kaligrāfiski)

kaligrāfiskais (definite)
kaligrāfiskāks (comparative)
viskaligrāfiskākais (superlative)
kaligrāfiski (adverb)
kaligrāfisks (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
kaligrāfiski (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
kaligrāfiska (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
kaligrāfiskas (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
kaligrāfiska (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
kaligrāfisku (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
kaligrāfiskas (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
kaligrāfisku (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
kaligrāfiskam (dative indefinite masculine singular)
kaligrāfiskiem (dative indefinite masculine plural)
kaligrāfiskai (dative feminine indefinite singular)
kaligrāfiskām (dative feminine indefinite plural)
kaligrāfisku (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
kaligrāfiskus (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
kaligrāfisku (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
kaligrāfiskas (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
kaligrāfisku (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
kaligrāfiskiem (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
kaligrāfisku (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
kaligrāfiskām (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
kaligrāfiskā (indefinite locative masculine singular)
kaligrāfiskos (indefinite locative masculine plural)
kaligrāfiskā (feminine indefinite locative singular)
kaligrāfiskās (feminine indefinite locative plural)

From kaligrāfija (“calligraphy”) + -isks. Probably not derived as such in Latvian, but borrowed and adapted from other European languages.

rakstu darba beigās stingra roka uzvilkusi kaligrāfisku trijnieku

at the end of the written work the left hand had pulled a calligraphic (number) three

it kā šo vietu aktieris būtu pārrakstījis savā skaistajā, kaligrāfiskajā rokrakstā

as if the actor had rewritten (his) role with his beautiful, calligraphic handwriting

(of handwriting) calligraphic (corresponding to the norms and standards of calligraphy; beautifully written)


kaligrāfe

lv-noun

kaligrāfe m (1st declension, masculine form: kaligrāfs)

kaligrāfs (masculine)
kaligrāfe (nominative singular)
kaligrāfes (nominative plural)
kaligrāfes (genitive singular)
kaligrāfu (genitive plural)
kaligrāfei (dative singular)
kaligrāfēm (dative plural)
kaligrāfi (accusative singular)
kaligrāfes (accusative plural)
kaligrāfi (instrumental singular)
kaligrāfēm (instrumental plural)
kaligrāfē (locative singular)
kaligrāfēs (locative plural)
kaligrāfe (singular vocative)
kaligrāfes (plural vocative)

From kaligrāfs (“calligrapher”) + -e (“[fem.]”).

suffix

kaligrāfe un kaligrāfijas skolotāja Līvija Bērziņa saka: “Kad tehnoloģijas ‘nogalina rokrakstu’, pieaug interese glābt to kas palicis”

the female calligrapher and calligraphy teacher Līvija Bērziņa says: “when technology ‘kills the handwriting’, there is growing interest in saving what is left”

(female) calligrapher (a woman who practices calligraphy)


kaligrāfs

lv-noun

kaligrāfs m (1st declension, feminine form: kaligrāfe)

kaligrāfe (feminine)
kaligrāfs (nominative singular)
kaligrāfi (nominative plural)
kaligrāfa (genitive singular)
kaligrāfu (genitive plural)
kaligrāfam (dative singular)
kaligrāfiem (dative plural)
kaligrāfu (accusative singular)
kaligrāfus (accusative plural)
kaligrāfu (instrumental singular)
kaligrāfiem (instrumental plural)
kaligrāfā (locative singular)
kaligrāfos (locative plural)
kaligrāf (singular vocative)
kaligrāfi (plural vocative)

Via other European languages, ultimately borrowed from Ancient Greek καλλιγράφος (kalligráphos, “calligrapher”), from κάλλος (kállos, “beauty”) and γράφω (gráphō, “to draw”), made into a first-declension masculine noun (ending -s).

bor

jau desmit gadus Aleksandrs glīti kā kaligrāfs astoņas stundas dienā rakstīja.. rēķinu grāmatās piecu, sešu un septiņu ciparu skaitļus

for ten years already Aleksandrs had been writing five-, six- and seven-digit numbers in the account books, as neatly as a calligrapher (would)

(male) calligrapher (a man who practices calligraphy)


kaligrāfija

kaligrāfija (nominative singular)
kaligrāfijas (genitive singular)
kaligrāfijai (dative singular)
kaligrāfiju (accusative singular)
kaligrāfiju (instrumental singular)
kaligrāfijā (locative singular)
kaligrāfija (singular vocative)

Via other European languages, ultimately borrowed from Ancient Greek καλλιγραφία (kalligraphía, “pretty writing”), from κάλλος (kállos, “beauty”) and γράφω (gráphō, “to draw”), adapted to Latvian lexical patterns ( + -ija).

kaligrāfijas skolotājs

kaligrāfijas nodarbība

kaligrāfija 24 stundās

ķīniešu kaligrāfija

kaligrāfija atkal nāk modē

calligraphy, penmanship (the practice of handwriting in a beautiful, decorative style; words written in such a style)


pergaments

pergaments (nominative singular)
pergamenti (nominative plural)
pergamenta (genitive singular)
pergamentu (genitive plural)
pergamentam (dative singular)
pergamentiem (dative plural)
pergamentu (accusative singular)
pergamentus (accusative plural)
pergamentu (instrumental singular)
pergamentiem (instrumental plural)
pergamentā (locative singular)
pergamentos (locative plural)
pergament (singular vocative)
pergamenti (plural vocative)

Via other European languages, ultimately borrowed from Latin pergamīna, from Ancient Greek Περγαμηνός (Pergamēnós, “of Pergamon”), which is named for the Ancient city of Pergamon (modern Bergama) in Asia Minor, where it was invented as an expensive alternative for papyrus.

uder

pergamentam bija vajadzīgs jauns tintes sastāvs, tāds, kas stabili ieēstos ādā

the parchment needed a new kind of ink, one that would eat into the skin

ledusskapī glabājamie produkti jāietin pergamenta, folija vai polietilēna, tā produkti neapkaltīs

foodstuffs to be conserved in a refrigerator must be wrapped in parchment, foil or polyethylene, so that they don't become dry on the surface

parchment (material made from animal skin and used for writing)

zem stikla vitrīnas muzejā mierīgi atdusas lielākais armēņu pergaments pasaulē

under the glass showcase of the museum was, resting peacefully, the biggest Armenian perchment in the world

es simtgadīgo ķieģeļu kaudzē atradu vecu manuskriptu... tas bija arābu burtiem ar melnu un sarkanu tušu aprakstīts pergaments

I found an old manuscript in a pile of hundred-year-old bricks... it was a parchment covered with Arabic letters in black and red ink

parchment (such material covered with writing)


pergamentpapīrs

pergamentpapīrs (nominative singular)
pergamentpapīri (nominative plural)
pergamentpapīra (genitive singular)
pergamentpapīru (genitive plural)
pergamentpapīram (dative singular)
pergamentpapīriem (dative plural)
pergamentpapīru (accusative singular)
pergamentpapīrus (accusative plural)
pergamentpapīru (instrumental singular)
pergamentpapīriem (instrumental plural)
pergamentpapīrā (locative singular)
pergamentpapīros (locative plural)
pergamentpapīr (singular vocative)
pergamentpapīri (plural vocative)

From pergaments (“parchment”) + papīrs (“paper”).

compound

ietīt sviestu pergamentpapīrā

var rasēt arī uz caurspīdīga pergamentpapīrā... te atkal cits trūkums: locījumu vietās papīrs lūst

you can draw/trace it also on translucent wax paper... there again there is one drawback: the paper breaks where it folds

hydrochloric acid
hydrochloric acid#English

parchment paper, wax paper (a special kind of paper treated with hydrochloric acid so as not to let fat or humidity pass through and used mostly for wrapping)


rakstniecība

rakstniecība (nominative singular)
rakstniecības (genitive singular)
rakstniecībai (dative singular)
rakstniecību (accusative singular)
rakstniecību (instrumental singular)
rakstniecībā (locative singular)
rakstniecība (singular vocative)

From rakstnieks (“writer”) + -ība (with k > c via palatalization), with rakstnieks from raksts (“writing”) + -nieks.

latviešu rakstniecības vēsture

rakstniecības teorija

literature (creative work as a form of art, registered in written form; corpus of creative literary and folkloric texts that belong to a certain culture or people)


rokraksts

rokraksts (nominative singular)
rokraksti (nominative plural)
rokraksta (genitive singular)
rokrakstu (genitive plural)
rokrakstam (dative singular)
rokrakstiem (dative plural)
rokrakstu (accusative singular)
rokrakstus (accusative plural)
rokrakstu (instrumental singular)
rokrakstiem (instrumental plural)
rokrakstā (locative singular)
rokrakstos (locative plural)
rokrakst (singular vocative)
rokraksti (plural vocative)

From roka (“hand”) + raksts (“writing”).

skaidrs, salasāms rokraksts

glīts rokraksts

kaligrāfisks rokraksts

plašs, sīks rokraksts

rokraksta burti

Valdis pazina Mārča rokrakstu: ieslīpi, apaļi burti

Valdis recognized Mārcis' handwriting: slanted, oval letters

jau agri Gehamā pamostas interese par literatūru un rakstniecību... skolas laikā viņš izdod žurnālu rokrakstā

Gehams became soon interested in literature... during school he kept a handwritten journal

handwriting (the production of a text by hand; a specific, personal manner of writing by hand)

seno rokrakstu izpēte

senkrievu rokrakstu kolekcija

rokraksta grāmata

rokraksti gadu tūkstošiem bija galvenā grāmatas forma

for thousands of years, manuscripts were the main book form

(history) manuscript (a handwritten text, usually an old one)


daiļliteratūra

daiļliteratūra (nominative singular)
daiļliteratūras (genitive singular)
daiļliteratūrai (dative singular)
daiļliteratūru (accusative singular)
daiļliteratūru (instrumental singular)
daiļliteratūrā (locative singular)
daiļliteratūra (singular vocative)

From daiļa (“beautiful[fem.]”) + literatūra (“literature”).

daiļliteratūras žanri

daiļliteratūras paveidi

daiļliteratūras darbi

mūsu dienās izšķir daiļliteratūru, zinātnisko literatūru, politisko literatūru, tehnisko literatūru...

nowadays one distinguishes (artistic) literature, scientific literature, political literature, technical literature...

katrā daiļliteratūras darbā atspoguļoti zināmi apstākļi, kuros dzīvo un darbojas tēli

in every work of literature (= literary fiction) the known circumstances in which the characters live and act are reflected

literature (form of art that expresses itself via language, via the creation of literary texts)

oriģinālā daiļliteratūra

tulkotā daiļliteratūra

iepazīties ar jaunāko daiļliteratūru

to become acquainted with the latest fiction

viņa aizgūtnēm lasīja daiļliteratūru

literature, fiction (the works of art produced by writers)


raksturojums

raksturojums (nominative singular)
raksturojumi (nominative plural)
raksturojuma (genitive singular)
raksturojumu (genitive plural)
raksturojumam (dative singular)
raksturojumiem (dative plural)
raksturojumu (accusative singular)
raksturojumus (accusative plural)
raksturojumu (instrumental singular)
raksturojumiem (instrumental plural)
raksturojumā (locative singular)
raksturojumos (locative plural)
raksturojum (singular vocative)
raksturojumi (plural vocative)

From raksturot (past stem: raksturoj-) (“to characterize”) + -ums.

suffix

raksturot <small>(past stem: raksturoj-</small>)

logaritma raksturojums

(mathematics) characteristic (the integer part of a decimal logarithm)


sinonīms

sinonīms (nominative singular)
sinonīmi (nominative plural)
sinonīma (genitive singular)
sinonīmu (genitive plural)
sinonīmam (dative singular)
sinonīmiem (dative plural)
sinonīmu (accusative singular)
sinonīmus (accusative plural)
sinonīmu (instrumental singular)
sinonīmiem (instrumental plural)
sinonīmā (locative singular)
sinonīmos (locative plural)
sinonīm (singular vocative)
sinonīmi (plural vocative)

Via other European languages, ultimately borrowed from Latin synōnymum, from Ancient Greek συνώνυμον (sunṓnumon), neuter singular form of συνώνυμος (sunṓnumos, “synonymous”), from σύν (sún, “with”) and ὄνομα (ónoma, “name”).

leksiskie sinonīmi

sinonīmu vārdnīca

ar labi izraudzītiem sinonīmiem rakstniece izvairās no leksikas atkārtošanās

with well-chosen synonyms the (female) author avoids lexical repetition

synonym (one of two or more linguistic elements with identical or at least similar meanings)


antonīms

antonīms (nominative singular)
antonīmi (nominative plural)
antonīma (genitive singular)
antonīmu (genitive plural)
antonīmam (dative singular)
antonīmiem (dative plural)
antonīmu (accusative singular)
antonīmus (accusative plural)
antonīmu (instrumental singular)
antonīmiem (instrumental plural)
antonīmā (locative singular)
antonīmos (locative plural)
antonīm (singular vocative)
antonīmi (plural vocative)

A modern coinage, meant to be the opposite of sinonīms, with components derived from Ancient Greek ἀντί (antí, “against”) and ὄνομα (ónoma, “name”), with variants that arose in various European languages around 1850-1870. It was borrowed into Latvian and made into a masculine first-declension noun (ending -s), by analogy with sinonīms.

leksiskie antonīmi

vardam “melns” antonīms ir “balts”

the antonyms of the word “black” is “white”

aptaujas lapā bija minēti 43 antonīmi

in the questionnaire, 43 antonyms were mentioned

antonym (one of two or more linguistic elements with opposed meanings)


sinonīmija

sinonīmija (nominative singular)
sinonīmijas (nominative plural)
sinonīmijas (genitive singular)
sinonīmiju (genitive plural)
sinonīmijai (dative singular)
sinonīmijām (dative plural)
sinonīmiju (accusative singular)
sinonīmijas (accusative plural)
sinonīmiju (instrumental singular)
sinonīmijām (instrumental plural)
sinonīmijā (locative singular)
sinonīmijās (locative plural)
sinonīmija (singular vocative)
sinonīmijas (plural vocative)

From sinonīms (“synonym”) + -ija. Probably not derived as such in Latvian, but borrowed and adapted from other European languages.

leksiskā sinonīmija

gramatiskā sinonīmija

sintaktiskā sinonīmija

sinonīmija vērojama dažādās valodas daļās: leksikā, frazeoloģijā, vārdu darināšanā, morfoloģijā un sintaksē

synonymy is observable in various parts of language: in the lexicon, in phraseology, in word formation, in morphology and in syntax

synonymy (full or partial similarity in meaning between two or more linguistic units; the quality or state of being synonymous)


sinonīmisks

head

sinonīmisks (definite sinonīmiskais, adverb sinonīmiski)

sinonīmiskais (definite)
sinonīmiski (adverb)
sinonīmisks (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
sinonīmiski (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
sinonīmiska (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
sinonīmiskas (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
sinonīmiska (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
sinonīmisku (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
sinonīmiskas (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
sinonīmisku (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
sinonīmiskam (dative indefinite masculine singular)
sinonīmiskiem (dative indefinite masculine plural)
sinonīmiskai (dative feminine indefinite singular)
sinonīmiskām (dative feminine indefinite plural)
sinonīmisku (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
sinonīmiskus (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
sinonīmisku (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
sinonīmiskas (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
sinonīmisku (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
sinonīmiskiem (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
sinonīmisku (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
sinonīmiskām (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
sinonīmiskā (indefinite locative masculine singular)
sinonīmiskos (indefinite locative masculine plural)
sinonīmiskā (feminine indefinite locative singular)
sinonīmiskās (feminine indefinite locative plural)

sinonīmiski darbības vārdi

sinonīmiski vārdu savienojumi

synonymous word combinations (= expressions)

sinonīmiski vārdi un teicieni kalpo līdzīga jēdzieniska satura izteikšanai dažādās intonācijās un noskaņās

synonymous words and sayings serve to express a similar conceptual content in various intonations and nuances

synonymous (referring to synonyms; having the same or similar meanings)


homonīmija

homonīmija (nominative singular)
homonīmijas (genitive singular)
homonīmijai (dative singular)
homonīmiju (accusative singular)
homonīmiju (instrumental singular)
homonīmijā (locative singular)
homonīmija (singular vocative)

From homonīms (“homonym”) + -ija. Probably not derived as such in Latvian, but borrowed and adapted from other European languages.

homonīmijas problēmu visvairāk sarežģī tas, ka daudzos gadījumos homonīmija robežojas ar polisēmiju

the problem of homonymy is often made more complicated by the fact that, in many cases, homonymy verges on polysemy

homonymy (full or partial similarity in pronunciation between two words of different meanings)


homonīms

homonīms (nominative singular)
homonīmi (nominative plural)
homonīma (genitive singular)
homonīmu (genitive plural)
homonīmam (dative singular)
homonīmiem (dative plural)
homonīmu (accusative singular)
homonīmus (accusative plural)
homonīmu (instrumental singular)
homonīmiem (instrumental plural)
homonīmā (locative singular)
homonīmos (locative plural)
homonīm (singular vocative)
homonīmi (plural vocative)

Via other European languages, ultimately borrowed from Latin homōnymum, from Ancient Greek ὁμώνυμον (homṓnumon), neuter singular form of ὁμώνυμος (homṓnumos, “having similar names”), from ὁμός (homós, “same”) and ὄνομα (ónoma, “name”).

vārdi “rota” (karaspēka vienība) un “rota” (greznuma priekšmets) ir homonīmi

the words “rota” (military unit) and “rota” (adornment item) are homonyms

latviešu valodā ir diezgan daudz homonīmu, no kuriem viens ir latviskas cilmes vārds, otrs - aizguvums

in Latvian there are quite a lot of homonyms of which one is a word of Latvian origin and the other a borrowing

homonym (one of two or more words that coincide partially or completely in pronunciation and/or spelling but differ significantly in meaning)


brasls

brasls (nominative singular)
brasli (nominative plural)
brasla (genitive singular)
braslu (genitive plural)
braslam (dative singular)
brasliem (dative plural)
braslu (accusative singular)
braslus (accusative plural)
braslu (instrumental singular)
brasliem (instrumental plural)
braslā (locative singular)
braslos (locative plural)
brasl (singular vocative)
brasli (plural vocative)

From the same source as the verb brist (q.v.), with change of the final consonant and an extra element lo, apparently originally an adjective meaning probably “shallow.” The Lithuanian and Old Prussian forms correspond to a variant brasts found in Courland dialects and in some placenames (Brastvalks) and family names (Brastiņš); the Slavic forms correspond to a dialectal variant brads, also found in placenames (Bradas, Bradaiži). Cognates include Lithuanian brastà, dialectal brasvà, brastvà “ford; miry path, swampy meadow,” Old Prussian *brast- “ford” (in placenames, e.g., Balkombrastun), Proto-Slavic *brodъ (Russian, Belarusian брод (brod), Ukrainian брід (brid), Bulgarian брод (brod), Czech brod, Polish bród),

pāriet upi braslā

un zirgs rāmiem soļiem devās pa celiņu uz braslu, pārbrida upi un uzkāpa atkal krastā

and the horse went by the path to the ford, crossed the river and climbed back on shore

ford (shallow place in a river or stream where one can cross it)


staignums

staignums (nominative singular)
staignumi (nominative plural)
staignuma (genitive singular)
staignumu (genitive plural)
staignumam (dative singular)
staignumiem (dative plural)
staignumu (accusative singular)
staignumus (accusative plural)
staignumu (instrumental singular)
staignumiem (instrumental plural)
staignumā (locative singular)
staignumos (locative plural)
staignum (singular vocative)
staignumi (plural vocative)

From staigns (“swampy, boggy, marshy, miry”) + -ums.

suffix

purva staignums

swampiness, marshiness, bogginess, miriness (the quality or state of that which is swampy, marshy, boggy, miry)


staignājs

staignājs (nominative singular)
staignāji (nominative plural)
staignāja (genitive singular)
staignāju (genitive plural)
staignājam (dative singular)
staignājiem (dative plural)
staignāju (accusative singular)
staignājus (accusative plural)
staignāju (instrumental singular)
staignājiem (instrumental plural)
staignājā (locative singular)
staignājos (locative plural)
staignāj (singular vocative)
staignāji (plural vocative)

From staigns (“swampy, boggy, marshy, miry”) + -ājs.

iestigt staignājā

tagad skriet bija vieglāk, jo kājas vairs negrima purva staignājā, bet soļus varēja spert uz cietas, mīkstu sūnu apaugušas zemes

now it was easier to run, because (his) legs were not sinking in the swampy place, but was able to step on firm, soft moss-covered land


malārija

malārija (nominative singular)
malārijas (genitive singular)
malārijai (dative singular)
malāriju (accusative singular)
malāriju (instrumental singular)
malārijā (locative singular)
malārija (singular vocative)

Via other European languages, ultimately borrowed from Italian mala aria (“bad air”).

malārijas plazmodiji

malārijas odi, malārijodi

kā zināms, pēc dizentērijas malārija ir visvairāk izplatītā tropiskā slimība

as is well known, malaria is the most widespread tropical disease after dysentery

malaria (a disease characterized by fever attacks, caused by a parasitic protozoan, Plasmodium sp., spread by mosquitoes)


muklājs

muklājs (nominative singular)
muklāji (nominative plural)
muklāja (genitive singular)
muklāju (genitive plural)
muklājam (dative singular)
muklājiem (dative plural)
muklāju (accusative singular)
muklājus (accusative plural)
muklāju (instrumental singular)
muklājiem (instrumental plural)
muklājā (locative singular)
muklājos (locative plural)
muklāj (singular vocative)
muklāji (plural vocative)

From mukls (“swampy, boggy, marshy, miry”) + -ājs.

dzīves muklājs

life swamp (= difficult life circumstances)

(figuratively) swamp (hard, difficult circumstances)


jēga

jēga (nominative singular)
jēgas (genitive singular)
jēgai (dative singular)
jēgu (accusative singular)
jēgu (instrumental singular)
jēgā (locative singular)
jēga (singular vocative)

From Proto-Baltic *jḗˀgāˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *yēgʷeh₂ (“power, youthful strength”). The original meaning was thus “strength, power,” later changed to “knowledge, sense, meaning” (probably first in the verb jēgt, from “to be able to” to “to know how”, “to know”, and later in the noun). The meaning “intelligent person,” attested in the 18th century, has not survived, except in the derived term nejēga “ignorant.” Cognates include Lithuanian jėga (“force, power”), Ancient Greek ἥβη (hḗbē, “power, youthful strength”).

cog

teikuma jēga

runas, raksta jēga

the meaning of a speech, of a written piece

dzīves jēga

tur nebija nekādas jēgas

kāda jēga tā runāt?

runāt bez jēgas

cilvēkam dzīvē vajag lielu mērķi un neatlaidību... tad viņš var dzīvot; tad vien viņa dzīvei ir jēga

a person needs goals and perseverance in (his) life... then he can live; only then his life has meaning

ja esi filatēlists, tad par savu tematu jāsavāc viss... tur slēpjas kolekcionēšanas jēga

if you are a stamp collector, then you must collect everything about your theme... therein lies the meaning of collecting

meaning, sense, point (deeper content of something, motivation for something)

viņš ir galīgi zaudējis jēgu

he has definitely lost his mind (= he only talks nonsense)

viņam par to nav nekādas jēgas

he has no understanding, knowledge of that

vajag runāt ar jēgu!

we must talk knowingly! (lit. with knowledge)

par celtniecības stiliem arī man nebija daudz jēgas

I didn't have much knowledge, understanding of construction styles

sapņot arī vajag ar jēgu, lai labums sev un citiem

it is also necessary to dream with understanding (= not chaotically), so that there is benefit for oneself and others


abstraktums

abstraktums (nominative singular)
abstraktuma (genitive singular)
abstraktumam (dative singular)
abstraktumu (accusative singular)
abstraktumu (instrumental singular)
abstraktumā (locative singular)
abstraktum (singular vocative)

jēdziena abstraktums

domas abstraktums

izrādē ir kaut kāds nepatīkams abstraktums, kas padara neinteresantus gan attēlotos cilvēkus, gan notikumus

in the show there is some unpleasant abstractness which makes both the people and the events uninteresting

abstractness (the state or quality of that which is abstract)


konkrētums

konkrētums (nominative singular)
konkrētuma (genitive singular)
konkrētumam (dative singular)
konkrētumu (accusative singular)
konkrētumu (instrumental singular)
konkrētumā (locative singular)
konkrētum (singular vocative)

jēdziena konkrētums

plāna konkrētums

the concreteness (= feasibility) of the plan

concreteness (the quality or state of that which is concrete)


jēgt

head

jēgt (transitive, 1st conjugation, present jēdzu, jēdz, jēdz, past jēdzu)

conjugation (first-person)
jēdzu (present)
jēdz (present)
jēdzu (past)
jēdzu (first-person indicative present singular)
jēdzu (first-person indicative past singular)
jēgšu (first-person future indicative singular)
jēdz (indicative present second-person singular)
jēdzi (indicative past second-person singular)
jēgsi (future indicative second-person singular)
jēdz (imperative second-person singular)
jēdz (indicative present singular third-person)
jēdza (indicative past singular third-person)
jēgs (future indicative singular third-person)
lai jēdz (imperative singular third-person)
jēdzam (first-person indicative plural present)
jēdzām (first-person indicative past plural)
jēgsim (first-person future indicative plural)
jēgsim (first-person imperative plural)
jēdzat (indicative plural present second-person)
jēdzāt (indicative past plural second-person)
jēgsiet (future indicative plural second-person)
jēgsit (future indicative plural second-person)
jēdziet (imperative plural second-person)
jēdz (indicative plural present third-person)
jēdza (indicative past plural third-person)
jēgs (future indicative plural third-person)
lai jēdz (imperative plural third-person)
jēdzot (present renarrative)
jēdzošs (active adjectival participle participle-1 present)
esot jēdzis (past renarrative)
jēgdams (active adverbial participle participle-2 present)
jēgšot (future renarrative)
jēdzot (active adverbial participle participle-3 present)
lai jēdzot (imperative)
jēdzam (active participle participle-4 present)
jēdzis (active participle past)
jēgtu (conditional present)
jēdzams (participle passive present)
būtu jēdzis (conditional past)
jēgts (participle passive past)
jājēdz (debitive indicative)
būt jājēdz (debitive indicative)
jēgt (infinitive)
esot jājēdz (conjunctive conjunctive-1 debitive)
nejēgt (infinitive negative)
jājēdzot (conjunctive conjunctive-2 debitive)
jēgšana (noun-from-verb)

From the same stem as the noun jēga (“meaning, sense, understanding”), made into a first-conjugation verb (ending -t).

viņš no kā nekā nejēdz

ko viņš jēdz no medicīnas!

vai tad viņš jēdz strādāt!

prasi, vai viņš pats jēdz, ko runā

vai tad veterinārārste kaut ko jēdz arī?

does the veterinarian know anything at all?

nejēgdams un nejuzdams, ko dara, viņš izlaida pātagu no rokas un sabruka zemē

not knowing and not feeling (instinctively) what to do, he let the whip fall from his hand and collapsed on the ground

to know how, to be able to; to understand, to grasp


jēdzienisks

jēdzienisks (definite jēdzieniskais, comparative jēdzieniskāks, superlative visjēdzieniskākais, adverb jēdzieniski)

jēdzieniskais (definite)
jēdzieniskāks (comparative)
visjēdzieniskākais (superlative)
jēdzieniski (adverb)
jēdzienisks (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
jēdzieniski (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
jēdzieniska (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
jēdzieniskas (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
jēdzieniska (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
jēdzienisku (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
jēdzieniskas (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
jēdzienisku (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
jēdzieniskam (dative indefinite masculine singular)
jēdzieniskiem (dative indefinite masculine plural)
jēdzieniskai (dative feminine indefinite singular)
jēdzieniskām (dative feminine indefinite plural)
jēdzienisku (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
jēdzieniskus (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
jēdzienisku (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
jēdzieniskas (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
jēdzienisku (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
jēdzieniskiem (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
jēdzienisku (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
jēdzieniskām (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
jēdzieniskā (indefinite locative masculine singular)
jēdzieniskos (indefinite locative masculine plural)
jēdzieniskā (feminine indefinite locative singular)
jēdzieniskās (feminine indefinite locative plural)

ja teksts, vārdi ar savu tiešo, parasto jēdzienisko nozīmi neatklāj domas un jūtas tieši, bet liek tās tikai nojaust, atskārst, tad katrā tādā gadījumā veidoja zemteksts

if the text, the words with their direct, usual conceptual meaning do not reveal thoughts and feelings directly, but only let them be suspected, sensed, then in each such case a subtext is formed

prozas žanros nefokalizētas narācijas loma ir svarīgāka un jēdzieniskāka nekā dramatiskajos žanros

in prose genres, the role of the unfocalized narrative is more important and more conceptual than in drama (theatrical) genres

conceptual (relating to, typical of, concepts or generalized ideas)


priekšstats

priekšstats (nominative singular)
priekšstati (nominative plural)
priekšstata (genitive singular)
priekšstatu (genitive plural)
priekšstatam (dative singular)
priekšstatiem (dative plural)
priekšstatu (accusative singular)
priekšstatus (accusative plural)
priekšstatu (instrumental singular)
priekšstatiem (instrumental plural)
priekšstatā (locative singular)
priekšstatos (locative plural)
priekšstat (singular vocative)
priekšstati (plural vocative)

From priekš- + stāt (“to stand, to stop”), made into a 1st-declension masculine noun (ending -s). Apparently a calque of German Vorstellung.

redzes, vizuāls priekšstats

dzirdes, auditīvs priekšstats

taustes, taktils priekšstats

ožas priekšstats

garšas priekšstats

konkrēts priekšstats

vispārināts priekšstats

aptuvens priekšstats

maldīgs priekšstats

priekšstats par dabas parādībām

priekšstats par inženiera darbu

gūt, dot skaidru priekšstatu par ko

to obtain, to give a clear idea about something

no ilguma priekšstata veidojas priekšstats par laiku

the idea of time is formed from the idea of duration

mācību procesā skolēni no sajūtām un priekšstatiem pāriet uz jēdzieniem un vispārinājumiem, pāriet uz abstrakto domāsanu

in the learning process, students move from feelings and ideas to concepts and generalizations, (they) move to abstract thought

idea, (mental) image (subjective image, reflection of a real object or phenomenon in our conscious mind, and which can be reproduced also without direct sensory input)


sirdsapziņa

sirdsapziņa (nominative singular)
sirdsapziņas (genitive singular)
sirdsapziņai (dative singular)
sirdsapziņu (accusative singular)
sirdsapziņu (instrumental singular)
sirdsapziņā (locative singular)
sirdsapziņa (singular vocative)

Coined by Atis Kronvalds in the 1870s, from sirds (“heart[gen.]”) + apziņa (“awareness, consciousness”). It became dominant in the 1890s, replacing the use of the simple word sirds in the spoken language. In the written language, various authors had used and proposed various combinations of words from the 17th century on, apparently attempting to translate German Gewissen: apzināšana, zināma sirds, zinoša sirds, apzināma sirds, sirdsprāts.

compound

sirdsapziņas brīvība

sirdsapziņas pārmetumi

remorse (lit. conscience reproaches, scoldings)

tīra sirdsapziņa

pēc labākās sirdsapzinās

after one's best conscience (= conscientiously, honorably)

Leonam Paeglem bija jāsadeg... viņa sirdsapziņa neļāva kļūt par renegātu

Leons Paegls had to burn... his conscience did not allow (him) to become a renegade

bet tad ierunājās viņa sirdsapziņas balss, asa, apsudzoša: “tu tomēr esi nelietis! tevis dēļ aizgāja bojā tāds cilvēks!”

but then the voice of his conscience spoke, sharp, accusatory: “but you are the villain! such a (good) person died because of you!”

labi, turpmāk viņš uzslavās neklausīsies... pēc sirdsapziņas pildīs savu pienākumu un - miers

OK, from now on he will not listen to praise... following his conscience he will fulfil his duty and (then): peace

conscience (the human capacity for moral self-control, to judge oneself morally; a person's basic set of moral principles)


abstrahēt

head

abstrahēt (transitive, 2nd conjugation, present abstrahēju, abstrahē, abstrahē, past abstrahēju)

conjugation (second-person)
abstrahēju (present)
abstrahē (present)
abstrahēju (past)
abstrahēju (first-person indicative present singular)
abstrahēju (first-person indicative past singular)
abstrahēšu (first-person future indicative singular)
abstrahē (indicative present second-person singular)
abstrahēji (indicative past second-person singular)
abstrahēsi (future indicative second-person singular)
abstrahē (imperative second-person singular)
abstrahē (indicative present singular third-person)
abstrahēja (indicative past singular third-person)
abstrahēs (future indicative singular third-person)
lai abstrahē (imperative singular third-person)
abstrahējam (first-person indicative plural present)
abstrahējām (first-person indicative past plural)
abstrahēsim (first-person future indicative plural)
abstrahēsim (first-person imperative plural)
abstrahējat (indicative plural present second-person)
abstrahējāt (indicative past plural second-person)
abstrahēsiet (future indicative plural second-person)
abstrahēsit (future indicative plural second-person)
abstrahējiet (imperative plural second-person)
abstrahē (indicative plural present third-person)
abstrahēja (indicative past plural third-person)
abstrahēs (future indicative plural third-person)
lai abstrahē (imperative plural third-person)
abstrahējot (present renarrative)
abstrahējošs (active adjectival participle participle-1 present)
esot abstrahējis (past renarrative)
abstrahēdams (active adverbial participle participle-2 present)
abstrahēšot (future renarrative)
abstrahējot (active adverbial participle participle-3 present)
lai abstrahējot (imperative)
abstrahējam (active participle participle-4 present)
abstrahējis (active participle past)
abstrahētu (conditional present)
abstrahējams (participle passive present)
būtu abstrahējis (conditional past)
abstrahēts (participle passive past)
jāabstrahē (debitive indicative)
būt jāabstrahē (debitive indicative)
abstrahēt (infinitive)
esot jāabstrahē (conjunctive conjunctive-1 debitive)
neabstrahēt (infinitive negative)
jāabstrahējot (conjunctive conjunctive-2 debitive)
abstrahēšana (noun-from-verb)

Es visu informāciju abstrahēju no skolotāja paskaidrojuma.

I abstracted all the information from the teacher's explanation.

(transitive) to abstract (to produce an abstraction, abstract ideas; to generalize)


abstrakcija

abstrakcija (nominative singular)
abstrakcijas (nominative plural)
abstrakcijas (genitive singular)
abstrakciju (genitive plural)
abstrakcijai (dative singular)
abstrakcijām (dative plural)
abstrakciju (accusative singular)
abstrakcijas (accusative plural)
abstrakciju (instrumental singular)
abstrakcijām (instrumental plural)
abstrakcijā (locative singular)
abstrakcijās (locative plural)
abstrakcija (singular vocative)
abstrakcijas (plural vocative)

abstraction (a logical process in which thought turns away from the non-essential, random features of an object or phenomenon and isolates, fixes its general and essential features)

abstraction (a concept, a generalization, formed as a result of such a process)

pointless theoretical reasoning (a thought, a conclusion detached from real life, from concrete circumstances)


konkrēts

konkrēts (definite konkrētais, comparative konkrētāks, superlative viskonkrētākais, adverb konkrēti)

konkrētais (definite)
konkrētāks (comparative)
viskonkrētākais (superlative)
konkrēti (adverb)
konkrēts (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
konkrēti (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
konkrēta (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
konkrētas (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
konkrēta (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
konkrētu (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
konkrētas (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
konkrētu (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
konkrētam (dative indefinite masculine singular)
konkrētiem (dative indefinite masculine plural)
konkrētai (dative feminine indefinite singular)
konkrētām (dative feminine indefinite plural)
konkrētu (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
konkrētus (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
konkrētu (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
konkrētas (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
konkrētu (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
konkrētiem (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
konkrētu (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
konkrētām (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
konkrētā (indefinite locative masculine singular)
konkrētos (indefinite locative masculine plural)
konkrētā (feminine indefinite locative singular)
konkrētās (feminine indefinite locative plural)

Via other European languages, ultimately borrowed from Latin concrētus (“migled; hardened, solidified”), past participle of concernō (“I mix, swift, mingle”).

bor

konkrēta persona

konkrēts fakts

konkrēts notikums

konkrēts uzdevums

konkrēti socioloģiskie pētījumi

dot konkrētus norādījumus

konkrētā mūzika

concrete music (which uses sounds of surrounding objects)

filmas top lietišķajā ikdienā, un tās rada konkrēti cilvēki

the films are made in practical everyday life, and they show concrete people

concrete (determined, established, separate, specific, individual, particular, well-known)


konkrētība

konkrētība (nominative singular)
konkrētības (genitive singular)
konkrētībai (dative singular)
konkrētību (accusative singular)
konkrētību (instrumental singular)
konkrētībā (locative singular)
konkrētība (singular vocative)

plānu īstenošanas konkrētība

the concreteness (= feasibility) of the realization of the plan

dzejisko priekšstatu konkrētība palīdz radīt tēlu un izraisīt pārdzīvojumu

the concreteness of the poetic idea helps create an image and produce experience

aktieras darbs kļūst neskaidrāks, konkrētības vietā stājas vispārējas frāzes

the actor's work (under these circumstances) becomes more unclear, (and) instead of concreteness there are (only) generic lines

tiešais tautas dzīves vērojums kā etnogrāfu galvēna metode un avots dod iespēju izpētīt tautas dzīvi visā konkrētībā un daudzveidībā

(using) direct observation of a people's life as the ethnographer's main method and (information) source gives (us) the possibility of researching a people's life in all (its) concreteness and diversity

concreteness (the state or quality of that which is concrete, solid, real)


biedēklis

biedēklis (nominative singular)
biedēkļi (nominative plural)
biedēkļa (genitive singular)
biedēkļu (genitive plural)
biedēklim (dative singular)
biedēkļiem (dative plural)
biedēkli (accusative singular)
biedēkļus (accusative plural)
biedēkli (instrumental singular)
biedēkļiem (instrumental plural)
biedēklī (locative singular)
biedēkļos (locative plural)
biedēkli (singular vocative)
biedēkļi (plural vocative)

From biedē(t) (“to scare, to frighten”) + -klis, apparently via a form *biedētlis.

suffix

putnu biedēklis

viņš jau izskatās pēc biedēkļa

ļaudis lika pie cāļiem, pīlēniem un zoslēniem bērnus par sargiem, kuriem bija uzdots nelaist vārnas tuvumā... kur nebija bērnu, tur ar viltu taisīja biedēkļus, lai vismaz notālēm izskatītos, ka te nolikti bērni

people had children guard chicks, ducklings and gooselings, with the task of not letting crows come close... where there were no children, they craftly made scarecrows, so that it would look from a distance as if there were children there

an object, an image that causes fear, with which one tries to scare people or animals away


zviegt

head

zviegt (intransitive, 1st conjugation, present zviedzu, zviedz, zviedz, past zviedzu)

conjugation (first-person)
zviedzu (present)
zviedz (present)
zviedzu (past)
zviedzu (first-person indicative present singular)
zvedzu (first-person indicative past singular)
zviegšu (first-person future indicative singular)
zvedz (indicative present second-person singular)
zvedzi (indicative past second-person singular)
zviegsi (future indicative second-person singular)
zvedz (imperative second-person singular)
zviedz (indicative present singular third-person)
zvedza (indicative past singular third-person)
zviegs (future indicative singular third-person)
lai zviedz (imperative singular third-person)
zviedzam (first-person indicative plural present)
zvedzām (first-person indicative past plural)
zviegsim (first-person future indicative plural)
zviegsim (first-person imperative plural)
zviedzat (indicative plural present second-person)
zvedzāt (indicative past plural second-person)
zviegsiet (future indicative plural second-person)
zviegsit (future indicative plural second-person)
zvedziet (imperative plural second-person)
zviedz (indicative plural present third-person)
zvedza (indicative past plural third-person)
zviegs (future indicative plural third-person)
lai zviedz (imperative plural third-person)
zviedzot (present renarrative)
zviedzošs (active adjectival participle participle-1 present)
esot zvedzis (past renarrative)
zviegdams (active adverbial participle participle-2 present)
zviegšot (future renarrative)
zviedzot (active adverbial participle participle-3 present)
lai zviedzot (imperative)
zviedzam (active participle participle-4 present)
zvedzis (active participle past)
zviegtu (conditional present)
būtu zvedzis (conditional past)
jāzviedz (debitive indicative)
būt jāzviedz (debitive indicative)
zviegt (infinitive)
esot jāzviedz (conjunctive conjunctive-1 debitive)
nezviegt (infinitive negative)
jāzviedzot (conjunctive conjunctive-2 debitive)
zviegšana (noun-from-verb)

From Proto-Baltic *žweng-tey, *žweng-ti, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰweng-tey, from *ǵʰwen- “to sound, to make a sound” (whence also the borrowing zvanīt) with an extra g. Cognates include Lithuanian žvéngti “to neigh, to laugh out loud,” žviẽgti “to neigh, to squeak, to shout loud.”

zirgi zviedz

kūtī viens pats atstāts, nemitīgi zviedza Lejassmeltēnu Jorģa ērzelis

left alone in the barn, Lejassmeltēnu Jorgis' stallion neighed constantly

(only 3rd person, of horses) to neigh, to whinny (to produce a horse's typical cry)