Korāns

Korāns (nominative singular)
Korāna (genitive singular)
Korānam (dative singular)
Korānu (accusative singular)
Korānu (instrumental singular)
Korānā (locative singular)
Korān (singular vocative)


kurds

lv-noun

kurds m (1st declension, feminine form: kurdiete)

kurdiete (feminine)
kurds (nominative singular)
kurdi (nominative plural)
kurda (genitive singular)
kurdu (genitive plural)
kurdam (dative singular)
kurdiem (dative plural)
kurdu (accusative singular)
kurdus (accusative plural)
kurdu (instrumental singular)
kurdiem (instrumental plural)
kurdā (locative singular)
kurdos (locative plural)
kurd (singular vocative)
kurdi (plural vocative)

kurdu valoda

(genitive plural) Kurdish, pertaining to Kurdistan and its people


kurdu valoda

kurdu valoda (nominative singular)
kurdu valodas (genitive singular)
kurdu valodai (dative singular)
kurdu valodu (accusative singular)
kurdu valodu (instrumental singular)
kurdu valodā (locative singular)
kurdu valoda (singular vocative)

Kurdish language (lit. language of the Kurds)


latvietis

latvietis m (2nd declension, feminine form: latviete)

latviete (feminine)
latvietis (nominative singular)
latvieši (nominative plural)
latvieša (genitive singular)
latviešu (genitive plural)
latvietim (dative singular)
latviešiem (dative plural)
latvieti (accusative singular)
latviešus (accusative plural)
latvieti (instrumental singular)
latviešiem (instrumental plural)
latvietī (locative singular)
latviešos (locative plural)
latvieti (singular vocative)
latvieši (plural vocative)

From latvis (“Latvian”) + -ietis. This term had in principle replaced latvis as the autodenomication of the Latvians already in the 19th century, but the latter was reintroduced via poetry and continues to exist as a poetic term.


latīnis

latīnis m (2nd declension, feminine form: latīniete)

latīniete (feminine)
latīnis (nominative singular)
latīņi (nominative plural)
latīņa (genitive singular)
latīņu (genitive plural)
latīnim (dative singular)
latīņiem (dative plural)
latīni (accusative singular)
latīņus (accusative plural)
latīni (instrumental singular)
latīņiem (instrumental plural)
latīnī (locative singular)
latīņos (locative plural)
latīni (singular vocative)
latīņi (plural vocative)

Via other European languages, ultimately borrowed from Latin latīnus (“Latin”), itself derived from Latium, the name of the region in Central Italy where the ancient Latins lived (and where Rome is located).


mašīna

mašīna (nominative singular)
mašīnas (nominative plural)
mašīnas (genitive singular)
mašīnu (genitive plural)
mašīnai (dative singular)
mašīnām (dative plural)
mašīnu (accusative singular)
mašīnas (accusative plural)
mašīnu (instrumental singular)
mašīnām (instrumental plural)
mašīnā (locative singular)
mašīnās (locative plural)
mašīna (singular vocative)
mašīnas (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Russian маши́на (mašína), from Middle French machine, from Latin māchina, from Ancient Greek μαχανά (makhaná, Doric form of μηχανή).

der

Doric form of <i class="Polyt mention" lang="grc">μηχανή</i>

aizbraukt ar mašīnu uz staciju

iesēsties mašīnā

ātrās palīdzības mašīna


lāpsta

lāpsta (nominative singular)
lāpstas (nominative plural)
lāpstas (genitive singular)
lāpstu (genitive plural)
lāpstai (dative singular)
lāpstām (dative plural)
lāpstu (accusative singular)
lāpstas (accusative plural)
lāpstu (instrumental singular)
lāpstām (instrumental plural)
lāpstā (locative singular)
lāpstās (locative plural)
lāpsta (singular vocative)
lāpstas (plural vocative)

Derived from Latvian dialectal lāpa (“paw”) (q.v.) (cf. Lithuanian lópa, Russian ла́па (lápa)) with a vowel and a suffix -stā (cf. dialectal variant lāpusta). Ultimately from the same stem as lapa (“leaf”) (q.v.). The original meaning of lāpsta was probably “paw, foot, sole”, from which “instrument for digging (like a paw, foot, sole)”. (Another possibility: from the original stem *lep- (“to bark; to rip off, to tear”) a noun could be formed with the meaning “(cut off) plate”; cf. Albanian latë (“small ax, hoe, spud”) < *laptā). Cognates include Lithuanian lópeta, Old Prussian lopto, Proto-Slavic *lopata (Russian, Ukrainian, Bulgarian лопа́та (lopáta), Czech lopata, Polish łopata, Russian dialectal ла́пость (lápostʹ) “track, footprints”), Hittite [script needed] (lappa, “on shovels”).

cog

koka, dzelzs lāpsta

asa lāpsta

sniega, ogļu lāpsta

dārza lāpsta

iedurt lāpstu zemē

to stick, push the shovel in(to) the ground

Žuburs uzmina ar kāju lāpstas malai, nolieca lāpstas kātu kā sviru uz leju un atlauza kūdras gabalu

Žuburs pushed the shovel edge with (his) foot, pulled the shovel handle down like a lever and broke off a piece of turf

shovel, spade (a tool for digging with a metal blade and a long handle)


latve

lv-noun

latve f (5th declension, masculine form: latvis)

latvis (masculine)
latve (nominative singular)
latves (nominative plural)
latves (genitive singular)
latvju (genitive plural)
latvei (dative singular)
latvēm (dative plural)
latvi (accusative singular)
latves (accusative plural)
latvi (instrumental singular)
latvēm (instrumental plural)
latvē (locative singular)
latvēs (locative plural)
latve (singular vocative)
latves (plural vocative)

(poetic, rare) a (female) Latvian, a (female) Lett; a (female) member of the Latvian ethnic group


latviete

latviete f (5th declension, masculine form: latvietis)

latvietis (masculine)
latviete (nominative singular)
latvietes (nominative plural)
latvietes (genitive singular)
latviešu (genitive plural)
latvietei (dative singular)
latvietēm (dative plural)
latvieti (accusative singular)
latvietes (accusative plural)
latvieti (instrumental singular)
latvietēm (instrumental plural)
latvietē (locative singular)
latvietēs (locative plural)
latviete (singular vocative)
latvietes (plural vocative)

From latvis (“Latvian”) + -iete, or latvietis (“Latvian”) + -e (“fem.”).

latviete uzvarējusi starptautiskā skaistumkonkursā

a Latvian woman won in an international beauty contest


acs ābols

acs ābols (nominative singular)
acs āboli (nominative plural)
acs ābola (genitive singular)
acs ābolu (genitive plural)
acs ābolam (dative singular)
acs āboliem (dative plural)
acs ābolu (accusative singular)
acs ābolus (accusative plural)
acs ābolu (instrumental singular)
acs āboliem (instrumental plural)
acs ābolā (locative singular)
acs ābolos (locative plural)
acs ābol (singular vocative)
acs āboli (plural vocative)

acs ābolā ir četras caurspīdīgas vides: radzene, ūdeņainais šķidrums, lēca un stiklveida ķermenis

the eyeball has four transparent environments: the cornea, the aqueous humor, the (crystlline) lens and the vitreous body (= humor)


redzes nervs

redzes nervs (nominative singular)
redzes nervi (nominative plural)
redzes nerva (genitive singular)
redzes nervu (genitive plural)
redzes nervam (dative singular)
redzes nerviem (dative plural)
redzes nervu (accusative singular)
redzes nervus (accusative plural)
redzes nervu (instrumental singular)
redzes nerviem (instrumental plural)
redzes nervā (locative singular)
redzes nervos (locative plural)
redzes nerv (singular vocative)
redzes nervi (plural vocative)


tīklene

tīklene (nominative singular)
tīklenes (nominative plural)
tīklenes (genitive singular)
tīkleņu (genitive plural)
tīklenei (dative singular)
tīklenēm (dative plural)
tīkleni (accusative singular)
tīklenes (accusative plural)
tīkleni (instrumental singular)
tīklenēm (instrumental plural)
tīklenē (locative singular)
tīklenēs (locative plural)
tīklene (singular vocative)
tīklenes (plural vocative)

From tīkls (“net”) + -ene, apparently a calque of Latin retina, from Latin rete (“net”). (More at English retina.)


tīkls

tīkls (nominative singular)
tīkli (nominative plural)
tīkla (genitive singular)
tīklu (genitive plural)
tīklam (dative singular)
tīkliem (dative plural)
tīklu (accusative singular)
tīklus (accusative plural)
tīklu (instrumental singular)
tīkliem (instrumental plural)
tīklā (locative singular)
tīklos (locative plural)
tīkl (singular vocative)
tīkli (plural vocative)

zvejas tīkls

mest tīklu ezerā

(fishing) net, a mesh-like device for fishing


stiklveida ķermenis

stiklveida ķermenis (nominative singular)
stiklveida ķermeņi (nominative plural)
stiklveida ķermeņa (genitive singular)
stiklveida ķermeņu (genitive plural)
stiklveida ķermenim (dative singular)
stiklveida ķermeņiem (dative plural)
stiklveida ķermeni (accusative singular)
stiklveida ķermeņus (accusative plural)
stiklveida ķermeni (instrumental singular)
stiklveida ķermeņiem (instrumental plural)
stiklveida ķermenī (locative singular)
stiklveida ķermeņos (locative plural)
stiklveida ķermeni (singular vocative)
stiklveida ķermeņi (plural vocative)

vitreous humour, vitreous body (gelatinous substance inside the eye)


ķermenis

ķermenis (nominative singular)
ķermeņi (nominative plural)
ķermeņa (genitive singular)
ķermeņu (genitive plural)
ķermenim (dative singular)
ķermeņiem (dative plural)
ķermeni (accusative singular)
ķermeņus (accusative plural)
ķermeni (instrumental singular)
ķermeņiem (instrumental plural)
ķermenī (locative singular)
ķermeņos (locative plural)
ķermeni (singular vocative)
ķermeņi (plural vocative)

Introduced by Atis Kronvalds as a learned borrowing from Old Prussian kērmens (“flesh, body”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to cut off”) (see also Proto-Slavic *kora 'bark') to replace the Germanism ķerpers (compare German Körper) used by many other Latvian authors. Kronvalds introduced the word as ķermens; the current form only appeared and became popular in the 20th century.

der

liels, smags ķermenis

cieti, šķidri, gāzveida ķermeņi

ķermeņa forma

debess ķermeņi

(physics) body (physical object, material entity)

spēcīgs, slaids ķermenis

ķermeņa daļas

ķermeņa garums, lielums

ķermeņa temperatūra

(anatomy) body (of a living being), organism

sfērisks ķermenis

ģeometrisks ķermenis

(mathematics) part of space bound by a closed surface


lēca

lēca (nominative singular)
lēcas (nominative plural)
lēcas (genitive singular)
lēcu (genitive plural)
lēcai (dative singular)
lēcām (dative plural)
lēcu (accusative singular)
lēcas (accusative plural)
lēcu (instrumental singular)
lēcām (instrumental plural)
lēcā (locative singular)
lēcās (locative plural)
lēca (singular vocative)
lēcas (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Old East Slavic ляца (ljaca, “lentils”), from Proto-Slavic *lęťa. Because of the roundish, flat seeds of this plant, K. Lībietis used the same word (in 1873) to refer also to the structure inside the eye (crystalline lens), as well as its optical equivalent (lens). In this, he followed the model of German Linse.

vārīt lēcas

briljants lēcas grauda formā

lēcas kultivē cilvēku uzturam no visssenākiem laikiem

one has cultivated lentils for human consumption since the most ancient times

(usually plural) lentils, lens (plant of the genus Lens, cultivated for their edible seeds; the seeds of these plants)

izliekta lēca

ieliekta lēca

kontakta lēca, kontaktlēca

visus refrakcijas anomālijas veidus mēs labojam ar speciāli pagatavotām stikla lēcām

all types of refraction anomalies we (can) correct with specially prepared glass lenses

(optics) lens (a clear, transparent body in various forms, usually made of glass, used to change the direction of incoming light rays so as to produce images)

lēcas centrālā daļa novietota tieši pretī varavīksnenes atverei

the central part of the (crystalline) lens is located directly in front of the iris opening

(anatomy) (crystalline) lens (part of the eye)


starene

starene (nominative singular)
starenes (nominative plural)
starenes (genitive singular)
stareņu (genitive plural)
starenei (dative singular)
starenēm (dative plural)
stareni (accusative singular)
starenes (accusative plural)
stareni (instrumental singular)
starenēm (instrumental plural)
starenē (locative singular)
starenēs (locative plural)
starene (singular vocative)
starenes (plural vocative)

(anatomy) ciliary body (part of the covering of the eye, which contains the ciliary muscle)


starenes muskulis

starenes muskulis (nominative singular)
starenes muskuļi (nominative plural)
starenes muskuļa (genitive singular)
starenes muskuļu (genitive plural)
starenes muskulim (dative singular)
starenes muskuļiem (dative plural)
starenes muskuli (accusative singular)
starenes muskuļus (accusative plural)
starenes muskuli (instrumental singular)
starenes muskuļiem (instrumental plural)
starenes muskulī (locative singular)
starenes muskuļos (locative plural)
starenes muskuli (singular vocative)
starenes muskuļi (plural vocative)

(anatomy) ciliary muscle (muscle that controls the eye's accommodation for viewing objects at varying distances)


muskulis

muskulis (nominative singular)
muskuļi (nominative plural)
muskuļa (genitive singular)
muskuļu (genitive plural)
muskulim (dative singular)
muskuļiem (dative plural)
muskuli (accusative singular)
muskuļus (accusative plural)
muskuli (instrumental singular)
muskuļiem (instrumental plural)
muskulī (locative singular)
muskuļos (locative plural)
muskuli (singular vocative)
muskuļi (plural vocative)

kāju, kakla, sirds muskulis

savilkt roku muskuļus

muskuļu spēks, masa

sāpes muskuļos

muskuļa iekaisums

muskuļu audi, muskuļaudi

muskuļu šķiedras, muskuļšķiedras


dzimumdziedzeris

dzimumdziedzeris (nominative singular)
dzimumdziedzeri (nominative plural)
dzimumdziedzera (genitive singular)
dzimumdziedzeru (genitive plural)
dzimumdziedzerim (dative singular)
dzimumdziedzeriem (dative plural)
dzimumdziedzeri (accusative singular)
dzimumdziedzerus (accusative plural)
dzimumdziedzeri (instrumental singular)
dzimumdziedzeriem (instrumental plural)
dzimumdziedzerī (locative singular)
dzimumdziedzeros (locative plural)
dzimumdziedzeri (singular vocative)
dzimumdziedzeri (plural vocative)

From dzimums (“sex”) + dziedzeris (“gland”).

(anatomy) gonad (sexual gland; testicles, ovaries)


aizkuņģa dziedzera sula

lv-noun

aizkuņģa dziedzera sula f (4th declension)

aizkuņģa dziedzera sula (nominative singular)
aizkuņģa dziedzera sulas (nominative plural)
aizkuņģa dziedzera sulas (genitive singular)
aizkuņģa dziedzera sulu (genitive plural)
aizkuņģa dziedzera sulai (dative singular)
aizkuņģa dziedzera sulām (dative plural)
aizkuņģa dziedzera sulu (accusative singular)
aizkuņģa dziedzera sulas (accusative plural)
aizkuņģa dziedzera sulu (instrumental singular)
aizkuņģa dziedzera sulām (instrumental plural)
aizkuņģa dziedzera sulā (locative singular)
aizkuņģa dziedzera sulās (locative plural)
aizkuņģa dziedzera sula (singular vocative)
aizkuņģa dziedzera sulas (plural vocative)

aizkuņģa dziedzera sula satur elektrolītus un sāļus

pancreatic juice contains electrolytes and salts

pancreatic juice (a substance produced by the pancreas)


aizkuņģa dziedzeris

aizkuņģa dziedzeris (nominative singular)
aizkuņģa dziedzeri (nominative plural)
aizkuņģa dziedzera (genitive singular)
aizkuņģa dziedzeru (genitive plural)
aizkuņģa dziedzerim (dative singular)
aizkuņģa dziedzeriem (dative plural)
aizkuņģa dziedzeri (accusative singular)
aizkuņģa dziedzerus (accusative plural)
aizkuņģa dziedzeri (instrumental singular)
aizkuņģa dziedzeriem (instrumental plural)
aizkuņģa dziedzerī (locative singular)
aizkuņģa dziedzeros (locative plural)
aizkuņģa dziedzeri (singular vocative)
aizkuņģa dziedzeri (plural vocative)

aizkuņģa dziedzeris pieaugušam cilvēkam ir 14-18 cm garš

the pancreas of adult people is 14-18 cm long

(anatomy) pancreas (lit. behind-the-stomach gland)


dziedzeris

dziedzeris (nominative singular)
dziedzeri (nominative plural)
dziedzera (genitive singular)
dziedzeru (genitive plural)
dziedzerim (dative singular)
dziedzeriem (dative plural)
dziedzeri (accusative singular)
dziedzerus (accusative plural)
dziedzeri (instrumental singular)
dziedzeriem (instrumental plural)
dziedzerī (locative singular)
dziedzeros (locative plural)
dziedzeri (singular vocative)
dziedzeri (plural vocative)

sviedru dziedzeri

tauku dziedzeri

piena dziedzeri

(anatomy) gland (organ that produces secretions)


mugurējā acs kamera

mugurējā acs kamera (nominative singular)
mugurējās acs kameras (nominative plural)
mugurējās acs kameras (genitive singular)
mugurējo acs kameru (genitive plural)
mugurējajai acs kamerai (dative singular)
mugurējajām acs kamerām (dative plural)
mugurējo acs kameru (accusative singular)
mugurējās acs kameras (accusative plural)
mugurējo acs kameru (instrumental singular)
mugurējajām acs kamerām (instrumental plural)
mugurējajā acs kamerā (locative singular)
mugurējajās acs kamerās (locative plural)
mugurējo acs kamera (singular vocative)
mugurējā acs kamera (singular vocative)
mugurējās acs kameras (plural vocative)

(anatomy) posterior chamber of the eye, between the iris and the lens, filled with aqueous humour


priekšējā acs kamera

priekšējā acs kamera (nominative singular)
priekšējās acs kameras (nominative plural)
priekšējās acs kameras (genitive singular)
priekšējo acs kameru (genitive plural)
priekšējajai acs kamerai (dative singular)
priekšējajām acs kamerām (dative plural)
priekšējo acs kameru (accusative singular)
priekšējās acs kameras (accusative plural)
priekšējo acs kameru (instrumental singular)
priekšējajām acs kamerām (instrumental plural)
priekšējajā acs kamerā (locative singular)
priekšējajās acs kamerās (locative plural)
priekšējo acs kamera (singular vocative)
priekšējā acs kamera (singular vocative)
priekšējās acs kameras (plural vocative)

(anatomy) anterior chamber of the eye, between the iris and the cornea, filled with aqueous humour


ūdeņainais šķidrums

ūdeņainais šķidrums (nominative singular)
ūdeņainie šķidrumi (nominative plural)
ūdeņainā šķidruma (genitive singular)
ūdeņaino šķidrumu (genitive plural)
ūdeņainajam šķidrumam (dative singular)
ūdeņainajiem šķidrumiem (dative plural)
ūdeņaino šķidrumu (accusative singular)
ūdeņainos šķidrumus (accusative plural)
ūdeņaino šķidrumu (instrumental singular)
ūdeņainajiem šķidrumiem (instrumental plural)
ūdeņainajā šķidrumā (locative singular)
ūdeņainajos šķidrumos (locative plural)
ūdeņaino šķidrum (singular vocative)
ūdeņainais šķidrum (singular vocative)
ūdeņainie šķidrumi (plural vocative)

svarīgāka vide ir priekšējas kameras ūdeņainais šķidrums starp lēcu un radzeni

the most important environment (for the optics of the eye) is the aqueous humor of the anterior chamber, between the lens and the cornea

aqueous humour, the fluid that fills the space between the cornea and the iris in the eye


acs iekšējais šķidrums

acs iekšējais šķidrums m (1st declension)

acs iekšējais šķidrums (nominative singular)
acs iekšējie šķidrumi (nominative plural)
acs iekšējā šķidruma (genitive singular)
acs iekšējo šķidrumu (genitive plural)
acs iekšējam šķidrumam (dative singular)
acs iekšējiem šķidrumiem (dative plural)
acs iekšējo šķidrumu (accusative singular)
acs iekšējos šķidrumus (accusative plural)
acs iekšējo šķidrumu (instrumental singular)
acs iekšējiem šķidrumiem (instrumental plural)
acs iekšējā šķidrumā (locative singular)
acs iekšējos šķidrumos (locative plural)
acs iekšējo šķidrum (singular vocative)
acs iekšējais šķidrum (singular vocative)
acs iekšējie šķidrumi (plural vocative)

acī ir speciāla struktūra, kas rada acs iekšējo šķidrumu

in the eye there is a special structure which produces the intraocular fluid (= aqueous humor)

acs iekšējais šķidrums izvietojas acs priekšējā daļā

the intraocular fluid (= aqueous humor) is located in the front part of the eye


ciliārķermenis

ciliārķermenis (nominative singular)
ciliārķermeņi (nominative plural)
ciliārķermeņa (genitive singular)
ciliārķermeņu (genitive plural)
ciliārķermenim (dative singular)
ciliārķermeņiem (dative plural)
ciliārķermeni (accusative singular)
ciliārķermeņus (accusative plural)
ciliārķermeni (instrumental singular)
ciliārķermeņiem (instrumental plural)
ciliārķermenī (locative singular)
ciliārķermeņos (locative plural)
ciliārķermeni (singular vocative)
ciliārķermeņi (plural vocative)

From ciliārs (“ciliary”) + ķermenis (“body”).


acs kamera

acs kamera (nominative singular)
acs kameras (nominative plural)
acs kameras (genitive singular)
acs kameru (genitive plural)
acs kamerai (dative singular)
acs kamerām (dative plural)
acs kameru (accusative singular)
acs kameras (accusative plural)
acs kameru (instrumental singular)
acs kamerām (instrumental plural)
acs kamerā (locative singular)
acs kamerās (locative plural)
acs kamera (singular vocative)
acs kameras (plural vocative)

acs kamerās atrodas viskozs, caurspīdīgs acs kameru šķidrums, kuru izdala starenes asinsvadi

in the eye chambers there is a viscous, transparent eye chamber liquid secreted by the blood vessels of the ciliary body

(anatomy) either of the two eye chambers filled with aqueous humour (the anterior and the posterior chambers)


balkons

balkons (nominative singular)
balkoni (nominative plural)
balkona (genitive singular)
balkonu (genitive plural)
balkonam (dative singular)
balkoniem (dative plural)
balkonu (accusative singular)
balkonus (accusative plural)
balkonu (instrumental singular)
balkoniem (instrumental plural)
balkonā (locative singular)
balkonos (locative plural)
balkon (singular vocative)
balkoni (plural vocative)


zīlīte

zīlīte (nominative singular)
zīlītes (nominative plural)
zīlītes (genitive singular)
zīlīšu (genitive plural)
zīlītei (dative singular)
zīlītēm (dative plural)
zīlīti (accusative singular)
zīlītes (accusative plural)
zīlīti (instrumental singular)
zīlītēm (instrumental plural)
zīlītē (locative singular)
zīlītēs (locative plural)
zīlīte (singular vocative)
zīlītes (plural vocative)

sašaurinātas zīlītes

paplašinātas zīlītes

(anatomy) pupil (opening in the iris through which light reaches the retina)


varavīksnene

varavīksnene (nominative singular)
varavīksnenes (nominative plural)
varavīksnenes (genitive singular)
varavīksneņu (genitive plural)
varavīksnenei (dative singular)
varavīksnenēm (dative plural)
varavīksneni (accusative singular)
varavīksnenes (accusative plural)
varavīksneni (instrumental singular)
varavīksnenēm (instrumental plural)
varavīksnenē (locative singular)
varavīksnenēs (locative plural)
varavīksnene (singular vocative)
varavīksnenes (plural vocative)

(anatomy) iris (membrane in the eye, between the cornea and the lens, which regulates the amount of light that reaches the retina)


varavīksne

varavīksne (nominative singular)
varavīksnes (nominative plural)
varavīksnes (genitive singular)
varavīkšņu (genitive plural)
varavīksnei (dative singular)
varavīksnēm (dative plural)
varavīksni (accusative singular)
varavīksnes (accusative plural)
varavīksni (instrumental singular)
varavīksnēm (instrumental plural)
varavīksnē (locative singular)
varavīksnēs (locative plural)
varavīksne (singular vocative)
varavīksnes (plural vocative)

The various attested forms result from reduplication: varavīksne < *vavarīksne, vararīste < *vavarīste, where vavar- is a reduplicated form of Proto-Baltic *war-, from Proto-Indo-European *wer- (“to turn, to bend”) (whence also Latvian vērpt “to spin”, q.v.). The original meaning was probably “bending,” “arch.” The second part of the word was apparently not just a suffix, but an independent word, perhaps related to rīkste (“switch, twig, flexible rod”); note that rīksna is dialectally attested by itself with the meaning of “rainbow.” The rich dialectal variation in this word, as well as the several other dialectal terms for “rainbow” (e.g., dardedze, telverdze), probably result, on the one hand, from dialectal mixing, and, on the other hand, from taboo restrictions (ancient Latvians apparently considered the rainbow the result of magical forces that deserved respect). Cognates include Lithuanian vaivórykštė, dialectal varvórykštė.

uder

varavīksne parādās kā septiņkrāsu loks Saulei pretējā pusē

a rainbow appears as a seven-color arch on the opposite side to the sun

debesīs patiešām bija uzplaukusi varavīksne

in the sky, a rainbow had really blossomed

zaigot visās varavīksnes krāsās

to sparkle in all the colors of the rainbow

varavīksnes forele


acs dobums

acs dobums (nominative singular)
acs dobumi (nominative plural)
acs dobuma (genitive singular)
acs dobumu (genitive plural)
acs dobumam (dative singular)
acs dobumiem (dative plural)
acs dobumu (accusative singular)
acs dobumus (accusative plural)
acs dobumu (instrumental singular)
acs dobumiem (instrumental plural)
acs dobumā (locative singular)
acs dobumos (locative plural)
acs dobum (singular vocative)
acs dobumi (plural vocative)

acs dobums jeb orbīta ir veidota no kaula, tajā ieguļ acs ābols, tā saišu un tā palīgmehānismi, asinsvadi un nervi

the eye socket or orbit is made of bone, in it is located the eyeball and its helping mechanisms, blood vessels and nerves

(anatomy) eye socket, orbit (skull cavity that contains the eyeball)


orbīta

orbīta (nominative singular)
orbītas (nominative plural)
orbītas (genitive singular)
orbītu (genitive plural)
orbītai (dative singular)
orbītām (dative plural)
orbītu (accusative singular)
orbītas (accusative plural)
orbītu (instrumental singular)
orbītām (instrumental plural)
orbītā (locative singular)
orbītās (locative plural)
orbīta (singular vocative)
orbītas (plural vocative)

From Latin orbita (“track, path, impression, mark”), from Latin orbis (“ring, circle, world”), itself of uncertain origin.

mēness orbīta

orbītas slīpums

aprēķināt orbītu

pacelt orbītā starpplanētu kuģi

(astrophysics) orbit (path of one object, especially celestial bodies, around another)

alfa daļiņas orbīta

charged particle
charged particle#English

particle accelerator
particle accelerator#English

(physics) orbit (trajectory of electrons around the atomic nucleus, or of charged particles in a particle accelerator)

(anatomy) orbit, eye socket (opening in the skull where the eye fits)


plakstiņš

plakstiņš (nominative singular)
plakstiņi (nominative plural)
plakstiņa (genitive singular)
plakstiņu (genitive plural)
plakstiņam (dative singular)
plakstiņiem (dative plural)
plakstiņu (accusative singular)
plakstiņus (accusative plural)
plakstiņu (instrumental singular)
plakstiņiem (instrumental plural)
plakstiņā (locative singular)
plakstiņos (locative plural)
plakstiņ (singular vocative)
plakstiņi (plural vocative)

From plaksts (“eyelid”) + -iņš (“dim.”).

augšējais, apakšējais plakstiņš

atvērt, aizvērt plakstiņus

piemiegt plakstiņus


plaksts

plaksts (nominative singular)
plaksti (nominative plural)
plaksta (genitive singular)
plakstu (genitive plural)
plakstam (dative singular)
plakstiem (dative plural)
plakstu (accusative singular)
plakstus (accusative plural)
plakstu (instrumental singular)
plakstiem (instrumental plural)
plakstā (locative singular)
plakstos (locative plural)
plakst (singular vocative)
plaksti (plural vocative)


acu vāks

acu vāks (nominative singular)
acu vāki (nominative plural)
acu vāka (genitive singular)
acu vāku (genitive plural)
acu vākam (dative singular)
acu vākiem (dative plural)
acu vāku (accusative singular)
acu vākus (accusative plural)
acu vāku (instrumental singular)
acu vākiem (instrumental plural)
acu vākā (locative singular)
acu vākos (locative plural)
acu vāk (singular vocative)
acu vāki (plural vocative)

jūsu acu vāks ir mitra (gandrīz slapjš)

your eyelid is humid (almost wet) (prior to applying glitter)

(anatomy) eyelid (skin membrane that covers the eye)


radzene

radzene (nominative singular)
radzenes (nominative plural)
radzenes (genitive singular)
radzeņu (genitive plural)
radzenei (dative singular)
radzenēm (dative plural)
radzeni (accusative singular)
radzenes (accusative plural)
radzeni (instrumental singular)
radzenēm (instrumental plural)
radzenē (locative singular)
radzenēs (locative plural)
radzene (singular vocative)
radzenes (plural vocative)

From radze (“protuberance on rock”) + -ene.

radzenes pārstādīšana

radzenes iekaisums

(anatomy) cornea (transparent front part of the eye, covering the iris and the pupil)


Šlemma kanāls

Šlemma kanāls (nominative singular)
Šlemma kanāli (nominative plural)
Šlemma kanāla (genitive singular)
Šlemma kanālu (genitive plural)
Šlemma kanālam (dative singular)
Šlemma kanāliem (dative plural)
Šlemma kanālu (accusative singular)
Šlemma kanālus (accusative plural)
Šlemma kanālu (instrumental singular)
Šlemma kanāliem (instrumental plural)
Šlemma kanālā (locative singular)
Šlemma kanālos (locative plural)
Šlemma kanāl (singular vocative)
Šlemma kanāli (plural vocative)

(anatomy) Schlemm's canal (system for removing excess aqueous humour from the eye's anterior chamber)


starenes saite

starenes saite (nominative singular)
starenes saites (nominative plural)
starenes saites (genitive singular)
starenes saišu (genitive plural)
starenes saitei (dative singular)
starenes saitēm (dative plural)
starenes saiti (accusative singular)
starenes saites (accusative plural)
starenes saiti (instrumental singular)
starenes saitēm (instrumental plural)
starenes saitē (locative singular)
starenes saitēs (locative plural)
starenes saite (singular vocative)
starenes saites (plural vocative)

(anatomy, chiefly in the plural) each fold in the ciliary processes of the eye, with the function of producing aqueous humour


balss saite

balss saite (nominative singular)
balss saites (nominative plural)
balss saites (genitive singular)
balss saišu (genitive plural)
balss saitei (dative singular)
balss saitēm (dative plural)
balss saiti (accusative singular)
balss saites (accusative plural)
balss saiti (instrumental singular)
balss saitēm (instrumental plural)
balss saitē (locative singular)
balss saitēs (locative plural)
balss saite (singular vocative)
balss saites (plural vocative)

(anatomy, chiefly in the plural) vocal cords (each of the two fold of tissue in the larynx that vibrate with the outgoing airstream and produce speech sounds)


saite

saite (nominative singular)
saites (nominative plural)
saites (genitive singular)
saišu (genitive plural)
saitei (dative singular)
saitēm (dative plural)
saiti (accusative singular)
saites (accusative plural)
saiti (instrumental singular)
saitēm (instrumental plural)
saitē (locative singular)
saitēs (locative plural)
saite (singular vocative)
saites (plural vocative)

Balto-Slavic cognates include Lithuanian siẽtas, saĩtas, Old Prussian saytan, Proto-Slavic *sitъ.

kovalentā, joņu saite

balss saites

nabas saite


kaklasaite

kaklasaite (nominative singular)
kaklasaites (nominative plural)
kaklasaites (genitive singular)
kaklasaišu (genitive plural)
kaklasaitei (dative singular)
kaklasaitēm (dative plural)
kaklasaiti (accusative singular)
kaklasaites (accusative plural)
kaklasaiti (instrumental singular)
kaklasaitēm (instrumental plural)
kaklasaitē (locative singular)
kaklasaitēs (locative plural)
kaklasaite (singular vocative)
kaklasaites (plural vocative)

From kakla (“neck[gen.]”) + saite (“link, tie”).

compound

zīda kaklasaite

gaiša, tumša, puķota kaklasaite

apsiet kaklasaiti


dzemde

dzemde (nominative singular)
dzemdes (nominative plural)
dzemdes (genitive singular)
dzemžu (genitive plural)
dzemdei (dative singular)
dzemdēm (dative plural)
dzemdi (accusative singular)
dzemdes (accusative plural)
dzemdi (instrumental singular)
dzemdēm (instrumental plural)
dzemdē (locative singular)
dzemdēs (locative plural)
dzemde (singular vocative)
dzemdes (plural vocative)

From Proto-Baltic *gem-, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷem- (“to go, to come, to step”); compare dzemdēt (“to give birth”) (q.v.). From the zero grade form *gʷm̥- comes Latvian dzimt (“to be born”) (q.v.). Cognates include Lithuanian gimda.

uder

dzemdes dobums

dzemdes kakls


dzemdes kakls

dzemdes kakls (nominative singular)
dzemdes kakli (nominative plural)
dzemdes kakla (genitive singular)
dzemdes kaklu (genitive plural)
dzemdes kaklam (dative singular)
dzemdes kakliem (dative plural)
dzemdes kaklu (accusative singular)
dzemdes kaklus (accusative plural)
dzemdes kaklu (instrumental singular)
dzemdes kakliem (instrumental plural)
dzemdes kaklā (locative singular)
dzemdes kaklos (locative plural)
dzemdes kakl (singular vocative)
dzemdes kakli (plural vocative)

From dzemde (“uterus”) and kakls (“neck”), literally 'uterus neck'.


šlipse

šlipse (nominative singular)
šlipses (nominative plural)
šlipses (genitive singular)
šlipsu (genitive plural)
šlipsei (dative singular)
šlipsēm (dative plural)
šlipsi (accusative singular)
šlipses (accusative plural)
šlipsi (instrumental singular)
šlipsēm (instrumental plural)
šlipsē (locative singular)
šlipsēs (locative plural)
šlipse (singular vocative)
šlipses (plural vocative)

Borrowed from German Schlips (“necktie”).


rīkle

rīkle (nominative singular)
rīkles (nominative plural)
rīkles (genitive singular)
rīkļu (genitive plural)
rīklei (dative singular)
rīklēm (dative plural)
rīkli (accusative singular)
rīkles (accusative plural)
rīkli (instrumental singular)
rīklēm (instrumental plural)
rīklē (locative singular)
rīklēs (locative plural)
rīkle (singular vocative)
rīkles (plural vocative)

kliegt, brēkt pilnā rīklē, kaklā

to scream in full throat, neck (= very loud)

skaļa rīkle


dzīslene

dzīslene (nominative singular)
dzīslenes (nominative plural)
dzīslenes (genitive singular)
dzīsleņu (genitive plural)
dzīslenei (dative singular)
dzīslenēm (dative plural)
dzīsleni (accusative singular)
dzīslenes (accusative plural)
dzīsleni (instrumental singular)
dzīslenēm (instrumental plural)
dzīslenē (locative singular)
dzīslenēs (locative plural)
dzīslene (singular vocative)
dzīslenes (plural vocative)

Apparently, from dzīsla (“vein”) + -ene.

(anatomy) choroid (vascular layer of the eye, between the retina and the sclera)


dzīsla

dzīsla (nominative singular)
dzīslas (nominative plural)
dzīslas (genitive singular)
dzīslu (genitive plural)
dzīslai (dative singular)
dzīslām (dative plural)
dzīslu (accusative singular)
dzīslas (accusative plural)
dzīslu (instrumental singular)
dzīslām (instrumental plural)
dzīslā (locative singular)
dzīslās (locative plural)
dzīsla (singular vocative)
dzīslas (plural vocative)

From Proto-Baltic *gīsla (or perhaps Proto-Balto-Slavic *gīˀ(s)lāˀ), from Proto-Indo-European *gʷi-, *gʷey- (< *gʷeyh₃- “to live”) with an extra -la (ancient Indo-European cultures often linked the idea of “life”, “being alive” with visible blood vessels and tendons).
Cognates
Cognates include Lithuanian gýsla, the second half of Old Prussian pettegislo (“back vein”) (cf. pette (“back”)), Proto-Slavic *gislā, *žila (Russian жи́ла (žíla, “vein, tendon”), Ukrainian жи́ла (žýla), Belarusian жы́ла (žýla), Bulgarian жи́ла (žíla), Czech žíla, Polish żyła), Latin filum (< *gʷʰislom < *gʷiHleh₂) “thread, yarn, fiber, tendon, vein”.

asinis rit dzīslās

mūsu dzīslas ne jau ūdens silts, / karstas asinis ar sirdi runā

in our blood vessels not cold water, / but hot blood speaks with the heart

viss augs (driģene) pūkains, vainaglapas ar violetām dzīslām

the whole plant (henbane) is fluffy, with petals with violet veins

lāpu krāsa kāpostiem pelēki zaļa... lapām lielas dzīslas

the color of cabbage leaves (is) grayish-green... the leaves (have) large veins

(botany) leaf vein (part of the leaf vascular system or venation)

dzīslu ieži

fissure rock (the kind of rock that fills fissures)

rūdu dzīslas

Volīnijā pēdējā laikā atrastas pegmatīta dzīslas ar unikāliem vīna dzelteniem topāza kristāliem

in Volhynia pegmatite veins with unique wine yellow topaz crystals were recently found

(geology) vein (a rock-filled crack or fissure on the Earth's crust)

es sastiepu kājas dzīslu

zemnieks brīnīdamies staipīja savus neveiklos, sastrādātos pirkstus, dzīslas džerkstēja ar nepatīkam skaņu

with wonderment, the peasant stretched his clumsy, overworked fingers, (his) tendons producing an unpleasant noise

(anatomy) sinew, tendon (fibrous tissue connecting a muscle to its bone)


cīpsla

cīpsla (nominative singular)
cīpslas (nominative plural)
cīpslas (genitive singular)
cīpslu (genitive plural)
cīpslai (dative singular)
cīpslām (dative plural)
cīpslu (accusative singular)
cīpslas (accusative plural)
cīpslu (instrumental singular)
cīpslām (instrumental plural)
cīpslā (locative singular)
cīpslās (locative plural)
cīpsla (singular vocative)
cīpslas (plural vocative)

muskuļu cīpslas

cīpslu pārrāvums

(anatomy) tendon, sinew (fibrous tissue connecting a muscle to its bone)


artērija

artērija (nominative singular)
artērijas (nominative plural)
artērijas (genitive singular)
artēriju (genitive plural)
artērijai (dative singular)
artērijām (dative plural)
artēriju (accusative singular)
artērijas (accusative plural)
artēriju (instrumental singular)
artērijām (instrumental plural)
artērijā (locative singular)
artērijās (locative plural)
artērija (singular vocative)
artērijas (plural vocative)

Via other European languages, ultimately borrowed from Latin artēria, itself borrowed from Ancient Greek ἀρτηρία (artēría, “windpipe, artery”).

plaušu artērija

deniņu artērija

miega artērija

artēriju sienas, sieniņas

no kreisā sirds kambara asinis nonāk vislielākajā asinsvadā: aortā, kura sazarojas arvien sīkākās artērijās

from the left ventricule the blood goes into the biggest blood vessel: the aorta, which then branches off into increasingly smaller arteries

(anatomy) artery (blood vessel taking oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of the body)


artēriju skleroze

artēriju skleroze (nominative singular)
artēriju sklerozes (genitive singular)
artēriju sklerozei (dative singular)
artēriju sklerozi (accusative singular)
artēriju sklerozi (instrumental singular)
artēriju sklerozē (locative singular)
artēriju skleroze (singular vocative)

1932. gada jūnijā ģenerāļa veselības stāvoklis pasliktinājās... par iemeslu tam bija ārstu atklātā artēriju skleroze

in June of 1932, the general's health condition worsened... the reason was revealed by doctors as arteriosclerosis

(pathology) arteriosclerosis (hardening, narrowing or loss of elasticity in arteries or blood vessels)


asinsvadu skleroze

asinsvadu skleroze (nominative singular)
asinsvadu sklerozes (genitive singular)
asinsvadu sklerozei (dative singular)
asinsvadu sklerozi (accusative singular)
asinsvadu sklerozi (instrumental singular)
asinsvadu sklerozē (locative singular)
asinsvadu skleroze (singular vocative)

reiboņa cēloņi mēdz būt dažādi: ausu slimības, galvas smadzeņu asinsvadu skleroze...

the causes of dizzness tend to vary: an ear disease, cerebral vascular sclerosis...

(pathology) arteriosclerosis, vascular sclerosis


skleroze

skleroze (nominative singular)
sklerozes (genitive singular)
sklerozei (dative singular)
sklerozi (accusative singular)
sklerozi (instrumental singular)
sklerozē (locative singular)
skleroze (singular vocative)

sklerozes slimnieks

sirds muskuļu skleroze

heart muscle sclerosis (= cardiosclerosis)

izkaisītā skleroze

dispersed sclerosis (= multiple sclerosis)

(pathology) sclerosis (abnormal hardening of body tissues)


ateroskleroze

ateroskleroze (nominative singular)
aterosklerozes (genitive singular)
aterosklerozei (dative singular)
aterosklerozi (accusative singular)
aterosklerozi (instrumental singular)
aterosklerozē (locative singular)
ateroskleroze (singular vocative)

galvas smadzeņu asinsvadu ateroskleroze

(pathology) atherosclerosis (clogging or hardening of blood vessels by plaques or fatty deposits, usually cholesterol)


izkaisītā skleroze

izkaisītā skleroze (nominative singular)
izkaisītās sklerozes (genitive singular)
izkaisītajai sklerozei (dative singular)
izkaisīto sklerozi (accusative singular)
izkaisīto sklerozi (instrumental singular)
izkaisītajā sklerozē (locative singular)
izkaisīto skleroze (singular vocative)
izkaisītā skleroze (singular vocative)


asinsvads

asinsvads (nominative singular)
asinsvadi (nominative plural)
asinsvada (genitive singular)
asinsvadu (genitive plural)
asinsvadam (dative singular)
asinsvadiem (dative plural)
asinsvadu (accusative singular)
asinsvadus (accusative plural)
asinsvadu (instrumental singular)
asinsvadiem (instrumental plural)
asinsvadā (locative singular)
asinsvados (locative plural)
asinsvad (singular vocative)
asinsvadi (plural vocative)

sirds, ādas asinsvadi

asinsvadu sistēma

asinsvadu audzēji

(anatomy, chiefly in the plural) blood vessels


barības vads

barības vads (nominative singular)
barības vadi (nominative plural)
barības vada (genitive singular)
barības vadu (genitive plural)
barības vadam (dative singular)
barības vadiem (dative plural)
barības vadu (accusative singular)
barības vadus (accusative plural)
barības vadu (instrumental singular)
barības vadiem (instrumental plural)
barības vadā (locative singular)
barības vados (locative plural)
barības vad (singular vocative)
barības vadi (plural vocative)

(anatomy) oesophagus (tube carrying food from the pharynx to the stomach)


vēna

vēna (nominative singular)
vēnas (nominative plural)
vēnas (genitive singular)
vēnu (genitive plural)
vēnai (dative singular)
vēnām (dative plural)
vēnu (accusative singular)
vēnas (accusative plural)
vēnu (instrumental singular)
vēnām (instrumental plural)
vēnā (locative singular)
vēnās (locative plural)
vēna (singular vocative)
vēnas (plural vocative)

vēnu iekaisums

vēnu vārstuļi

vēnu operācija

ievadīt vēnā glikozi

(anatomy) vein (a blood vessel that transports deoxygenated blood back to the heart)


holesterīns

holesterīns (nominative singular)
holesterīna (genitive singular)
holesterīnam (dative singular)
holesterīnu (accusative singular)
holesterīnu (instrumental singular)
holesterīnā (locative singular)
holesterīn (singular vocative)

holesterīna līmenis

(biochemistry) cholesterol (a substance that plays an important role in many biochemical processes)


barība

barība (nominative singular)
barības (nominative plural)
barības (genitive singular)
barību (genitive plural)
barībai (dative singular)
barībām (dative plural)
barību (accusative singular)
barības (accusative plural)
barību (instrumental singular)
barībām (instrumental plural)
barībā (locative singular)
barībās (locative plural)
barība (singular vocative)
barības (plural vocative)

barības vielas

veselīga, garšīga barība

sagatavot, izēdināt lopiem barību

barības deva

rupjā barība (siens, salmi u. tml.)

sulīga barība (sakņaugi, skābbarība u. tml.)


lopbarība

lopbarība (nominative singular)
lopbarības (nominative plural)
lopbarības (genitive singular)
lopbarību (genitive plural)
lopbarībai (dative singular)
lopbarībām (dative plural)
lopbarību (accusative singular)
lopbarības (accusative plural)
lopbarību (instrumental singular)
lopbarībām (instrumental plural)
lopbarībā (locative singular)
lopbarībās (locative plural)
lopbarība (singular vocative)
lopbarības (plural vocative)

From lops (“farm animal”) + barība (“food”).

lopbarības augi

koncentrēta lopbarība

pilnvērtīga lopbarība


karte

karte (nominative singular)
kartes (nominative plural)
kartes (genitive singular)
karšu (genitive plural)
kartei (dative singular)
kartēm (dative plural)
karti (accusative singular)
kartes (accusative plural)
karti (instrumental singular)
kartēm (instrumental plural)
kartē (locative singular)
kartēs (locative plural)
karte (singular vocative)
kartes (plural vocative)

Borrowed from German Karte, like kārts “playing cards” (the latter apparently having suffered the influence of kārts “pole” on its form), first attested as zemes kārte (with a long ā) in the 1850s, and later on (by the end of the 19th century) simply as karte (with a short e).

kartes mērogs

lasīt karti

ģeogrāfiska karte

topogrāfiska karte

ģeoloģiska karte

zvaigžņu karte


balsene

balsene (nominative singular)
balsenes (nominative plural)
balsenes (genitive singular)
balseņu (genitive plural)
balsenei (dative singular)
balsenēm (dative plural)
balseni (accusative singular)
balsenes (accusative plural)
balseni (instrumental singular)
balsenēm (instrumental plural)
balsenē (locative singular)
balsenēs (locative plural)
balsene (singular vocative)
balsenes (plural vocative)

A term coined in the second half of the 18th century by Kaspars Biezbārdis from balss (“voice”) + -ene.

balsenes dobums

balsenes sienas

balsenes iekaisums

(anatomy) larynx (organ that houses the vocal cords)


mugura

mugura (nominative singular)
muguras (nominative plural)
muguras (genitive singular)
muguru (genitive plural)
mugurai (dative singular)
mugurām (dative plural)
muguru (accusative singular)
muguras (accusative plural)
muguru (instrumental singular)
mugurām (instrumental plural)
mugurā (locative singular)
mugurās (locative plural)
mugura (singular vocative)
muguras (plural vocative)

taisna, sakumpusi mugura

pagriezt citiem muguru

peldēt uz muguras

vilkt kleitu mugurā

to pull a dress on one's back (= to put it on)

sēdēt zirga mugurā

(anatomy) back (rear body from neck to loins)

blūzes mugura

kreklam mugurā caurums

(clothing) back (the part that covers a person's back)


sklēra

sklēra (nominative singular)
sklēras (nominative plural)
sklēras (genitive singular)
sklēru (genitive plural)
sklērai (dative singular)
sklērām (dative plural)
sklēru (accusative singular)
sklēras (accusative plural)
sklēru (instrumental singular)
sklērām (instrumental plural)
sklērā (locative singular)
sklērās (locative plural)
sklēra (singular vocative)
sklēras (plural vocative)

sklēra iekaisums

(anatomy) sclera (the white of the eye; membrane which covers the eyeball except for the cornea)


cīpslene

cīpslene (nominative singular)
cīpslenes (nominative plural)
cīpslenes (genitive singular)
cīpsleņu (genitive plural)
cīpslenei (dative singular)
cīpslenēm (dative plural)
cīpsleni (accusative singular)
cīpslenes (accusative plural)
cīpsleni (instrumental singular)
cīpslenēm (instrumental plural)
cīpslenē (locative singular)
cīpslenēs (locative plural)
cīpslene (singular vocative)
cīpslenes (plural vocative)

cīpslenes iekaisums

(anatomy) sclera (the white of the eye; membrane which covers the eyeball except for the cornea))


elpvads

elpvads (nominative singular)
elpvadi (nominative plural)
elpvada (genitive singular)
elpvadu (genitive plural)
elpvadam (dative singular)
elpvadiem (dative plural)
elpvadu (accusative singular)
elpvadus (accusative plural)
elpvadu (instrumental singular)
elpvadiem (instrumental plural)
elpvadā (locative singular)
elpvados (locative plural)
elpvad (singular vocative)
elpvadi (plural vocative)

elpvada iekaisums

(anatomy) windpipe, airway, trachea (tube connecting the larynx to the lungs)


traheja

traheja (nominative singular)
trahejas (nominative plural)
trahejas (genitive singular)
traheju (genitive plural)
trahejai (dative singular)
trahejām (dative plural)
traheju (accusative singular)
trahejas (accusative plural)
traheju (instrumental singular)
trahejām (instrumental plural)
trahejā (locative singular)
trahejās (locative plural)
traheja (singular vocative)
trahejas (plural vocative)

Ultimately from Ancient Greek τραχεῖα (trakheîa, “windpipe”), probably borrowed via another European language.

der

trahejas iekaisums

trahejas siena


uzbalsenis

uzbalsenis (nominative singular)
uzbalseņi (nominative plural)
uzbalseņa (genitive singular)
uzbalseņu (genitive plural)
uzbalsenim (dative singular)
uzbalseņiem (dative plural)
uzbalseni (accusative singular)
uzbalseņus (accusative plural)
uzbalseni (instrumental singular)
uzbalseņiem (instrumental plural)
uzbalsenī (locative singular)
uzbalseņos (locative plural)
uzbalseni (singular vocative)
uzbalseņi (plural vocative)

From uz- (“on, over”) + balss (“voice”) + -enis, i.e., that which is above the balsene (“larynx”), clearly a calque of New Latin epiglottis, from Ancient Greek ἐπί (epí, “upon, over”) and γλῶττα, γλῶσσα (glôtta, glôssa, “tongue”) (with a masculine ending).

confix

(anatomy) epiglottis (moving organ that separates the trachea from the oesophagus)


mātīte

mātīte (nominative singular)
mātītes (nominative plural)
mātītes (genitive singular)
mātīšu (genitive plural)
mātītei (dative singular)
mātītēm (dative plural)
mātīti (accusative singular)
mātītes (accusative plural)
mātīti (instrumental singular)
mātītēm (instrumental plural)
mātītē (locative singular)
mātītēs (locative plural)
mātīte (singular vocative)
mātītes (plural vocative)

zosu mātīte

pīļu mātīte

zaķu mātīte

vaislas mātītes


mēness

lv-noun

mēness m (2nd declension, irregular nominative, genitive)

mēness (nominative singular)
mēneši (nominative plural)
mēness (genitive singular)
mēnešu (genitive plural)
mēnesim (dative singular)
mēnešiem (dative plural)
mēnesi (accusative singular)
mēnešus (accusative plural)
mēnesi (instrumental singular)
mēnešiem (instrumental plural)
mēnesī (locative singular)
mēnešos (locative plural)
mēnesi (singular vocative)
mēneši (plural vocative)

From Proto-Indo-European *mḗh₁n̥s (“moon, month”), from Proto-Indo-European *meh₁- (“to measure”). Cognates include Lithuanian mėnuo (“month, moon”), Old Church Slavonic мѣсѧць (měsęcĭ, “moon, month”) (Russian ме́сяц (mésjac), Polish miesiąc, Czech měsíc), Sanskrit मास (māsa), Persian ماه (mâh), Old Armenian ամիս (amis), Ancient Greek μήν (mḗn, “moon”), Latin mēnsis (“month”) (Spanish mes, Italian mese, French mois), Proto-Celtic *mīns (Irish mí, Welsh mis), Proto-Germanic *mēnōþs (“month”) (Old English mōnaþ, English month, German Monat, Dutch maand, Swedish månad).

cog

mēness aptumsums

mēness virsma

mēness gaisma, mēnessgaisma

mēness spīd

mēness nakts

mēness jūra

moon sea, mare (dark area on the surface of the moon)

mēness kalendārs

mēness fāzes

jauns, augošs, pilns, dilstošs mēness

vecs mēness

old moon (visible only as a thin crescent oriented towards the sun)

tukšs mēness

empty moon (new moon when entirely invisible)

bāls kā mēness

(astronomy) moon (largest satellite of the Earth; often Mēness)

Jupitera mēneši

(astronomy) moon, satellite (of another planet)


medus mēnesis

medus mēnesis (nominative singular)
medus mēneši (nominative plural)
medus mēneša (genitive singular)
medus mēnešu (genitive plural)
medus mēnesim (dative singular)
medus mēnešiem (dative plural)
medus mēnesi (accusative singular)
medus mēnešus (accusative plural)
medus mēnesi (instrumental singular)
medus mēnešiem (instrumental plural)
medus mēnesī (locative singular)
medus mēnešos (locative plural)
medus mēnesi (singular vocative)
medus mēneši (plural vocative)

honeymoon (period of time immediately following a marriage)


vilku mēnesis

vilku mēnesis (nominative singular)
vilku mēneši (nominative plural)
vilku mēneša (genitive singular)
vilku mēnešu (genitive plural)
vilku mēnesim (dative singular)
vilku mēnešiem (dative plural)
vilku mēnesi (accusative singular)
vilku mēnešus (accusative plural)
vilku mēnesi (instrumental singular)
vilku mēnešiem (instrumental plural)
vilku mēnesī (locative singular)
vilku mēnešos (locative plural)
vilku mēnesi (singular vocative)
vilku mēneši (plural vocative)

(archaic) the month of December (lit. the month of wolves)


salnas mēnesis

salnas mēnesis (nominative singular)
salnas mēneši (nominative plural)
salnas mēneša (genitive singular)
salnas mēnešu (genitive plural)
salnas mēnesim (dative singular)
salnas mēnešiem (dative plural)
salnas mēnesi (accusative singular)
salnas mēnešus (accusative plural)
salnas mēnesi (instrumental singular)
salnas mēnešiem (instrumental plural)
salnas mēnesī (locative singular)
salnas mēnešos (locative plural)
salnas mēnesi (singular vocative)
salnas mēneši (plural vocative)

(archaic) the month of November (lit. the month of frost)


zemliku mēnesis

zemliku mēnesis (nominative singular)
zemliku mēneši (nominative plural)
zemliku mēneša (genitive singular)
zemliku mēnešu (genitive plural)
zemliku mēnesim (dative singular)
zemliku mēnešiem (dative plural)
zemliku mēnesi (accusative singular)
zemliku mēnešus (accusative plural)
zemliku mēnesi (instrumental singular)
zemliku mēnešiem (instrumental plural)
zemliku mēnesī (locative singular)
zemliku mēnešos (locative plural)
zemliku mēnesi (singular vocative)
zemliku mēneši (plural vocative)

(archaic) the month of October (lit. the month of zemlikas: food offerings to placate evil spirits)


rudens mēnesis

rudens mēnesis (nominative singular)
rudens mēneši (nominative plural)
rudens mēneša (genitive singular)
rudens mēnešu (genitive plural)
rudens mēnesim (dative singular)
rudens mēnešiem (dative plural)
rudens mēnesi (accusative singular)
rudens mēnešus (accusative plural)
rudens mēnesi (instrumental singular)
rudens mēnešiem (instrumental plural)
rudens mēnesī (locative singular)
rudens mēnešos (locative plural)
rudens mēnesi (singular vocative)
rudens mēneši (plural vocative)

(archaic) the month of October (lit. the month of autumn)


veļu mēnesis

veļu mēnesis (nominative singular)
veļu mēneši (nominative plural)
veļu mēneša (genitive singular)
veļu mēnešu (genitive plural)
veļu mēnesim (dative singular)
veļu mēnešiem (dative plural)
veļu mēnesi (accusative singular)
veļu mēnešus (accusative plural)
veļu mēnesi (instrumental singular)
veļu mēnešiem (instrumental plural)
veļu mēnesī (locative singular)
veļu mēnešos (locative plural)
veļu mēnesi (singular vocative)
veļu mēneši (plural vocative)

(archaic) the month of October (lit. the month of dead souls)


viršu mēnesis

viršu mēnesis (nominative singular)
viršu mēneši (nominative plural)
viršu mēneša (genitive singular)
viršu mēnešu (genitive plural)
viršu mēnesim (dative singular)
viršu mēnešiem (dative plural)
viršu mēnesi (accusative singular)
viršu mēnešus (accusative plural)
viršu mēnesi (instrumental singular)
viršu mēnešiem (instrumental plural)
viršu mēnesī (locative singular)
viršu mēnešos (locative plural)
viršu mēnesi (singular vocative)
viršu mēneši (plural vocative)

(archaic) the month of September (lit. the month of heather)


silu mēnesis

silu mēnesis (nominative singular)
silu mēneši (nominative plural)
silu mēneša (genitive singular)
silu mēnešu (genitive plural)
silu mēnesim (dative singular)
silu mēnešiem (dative plural)
silu mēnesi (accusative singular)
silu mēnešus (accusative plural)
silu mēnesi (instrumental singular)
silu mēnešiem (instrumental plural)
silu mēnesī (locative singular)
silu mēnešos (locative plural)
silu mēnesi (singular vocative)
silu mēneši (plural vocative)

(archaic) the month of September (lit. the month of pine trees)


rudzu mēnesis

rudzu mēnesis (nominative singular)
rudzu mēneši (nominative plural)
rudzu mēneša (genitive singular)
rudzu mēnešu (genitive plural)
rudzu mēnesim (dative singular)
rudzu mēnešiem (dative plural)
rudzu mēnesi (accusative singular)
rudzu mēnešus (accusative plural)
rudzu mēnesi (instrumental singular)
rudzu mēnešiem (instrumental plural)
rudzu mēnesī (locative singular)
rudzu mēnešos (locative plural)
rudzu mēnesi (singular vocative)
rudzu mēneši (plural vocative)

(archaic) the month of August (lit. the month of rye)


labības mēnesis

labības mēnesis (nominative singular)
labības mēneši (nominative plural)
labības mēneša (genitive singular)
labības mēnešu (genitive plural)
labības mēnesim (dative singular)
labības mēnešiem (dative plural)
labības mēnesi (accusative singular)
labības mēnešus (accusative plural)
labības mēnesi (instrumental singular)
labības mēnešiem (instrumental plural)
labības mēnesī (locative singular)
labības mēnešos (locative plural)
labības mēnesi (singular vocative)
labības mēneši (plural vocative)

(archaic) the month of August (lit. the month of grain harvest)


siena mēnesis

siena mēnesis (nominative singular)
siena mēneši (nominative plural)
siena mēneša (genitive singular)
siena mēnešu (genitive plural)
siena mēnesim (dative singular)
siena mēnešiem (dative plural)
siena mēnesi (accusative singular)
siena mēnešus (accusative plural)
siena mēnesi (instrumental singular)
siena mēnešiem (instrumental plural)
siena mēnesī (locative singular)
siena mēnešos (locative plural)
siena mēnesi (singular vocative)
siena mēneši (plural vocative)

(archaic) the month of July (lit. the month of hay)


liepu mēnesis

liepu mēnesis (nominative singular)
liepu mēneši (nominative plural)
liepu mēneša (genitive singular)
liepu mēnešu (genitive plural)
liepu mēnesim (dative singular)
liepu mēnešiem (dative plural)
liepu mēnesi (accusative singular)
liepu mēnešus (accusative plural)
liepu mēnesi (instrumental singular)
liepu mēnešiem (instrumental plural)
liepu mēnesī (locative singular)
liepu mēnešos (locative plural)
liepu mēnesi (singular vocative)
liepu mēneši (plural vocative)

(archaic) the month of July (lit. the month of lindens)


ziedu mēnesis

ziedu mēnesis (nominative singular)
ziedu mēneši (nominative plural)
ziedu mēneša (genitive singular)
ziedu mēnešu (genitive plural)
ziedu mēnesim (dative singular)
ziedu mēnešiem (dative plural)
ziedu mēnesi (accusative singular)
ziedu mēnešus (accusative plural)
ziedu mēnesi (instrumental singular)
ziedu mēnešiem (instrumental plural)
ziedu mēnesī (locative singular)
ziedu mēnešos (locative plural)
ziedu mēnesi (singular vocative)
ziedu mēneši (plural vocative)

(archaic) the month of June (lit. the month of flowers)


papuves mēnesis

papuves mēnesis (nominative singular)
papuves mēneši (nominative plural)
papuves mēneša (genitive singular)
papuves mēnešu (genitive plural)
papuves mēnesim (dative singular)
papuves mēnešiem (dative plural)
papuves mēnesi (accusative singular)
papuves mēnešus (accusative plural)
papuves mēnesi (instrumental singular)
papuves mēnešiem (instrumental plural)
papuves mēnesī (locative singular)
papuves mēnešos (locative plural)
papuves mēnesi (singular vocative)
papuves mēneši (plural vocative)


lapu mēnesis

lapu mēnesis (nominative singular)
lapu mēneši (nominative plural)
lapu mēneša (genitive singular)
lapu mēnešu (genitive plural)
lapu mēnesim (dative singular)
lapu mēnešiem (dative plural)
lapu mēnesi (accusative singular)
lapu mēnešus (accusative plural)
lapu mēnesi (instrumental singular)
lapu mēnešiem (instrumental plural)
lapu mēnesī (locative singular)
lapu mēnešos (locative plural)
lapu mēnesi (singular vocative)
lapu mēneši (plural vocative)

(archaic) the month of May (lit. the month of leaves)


sējas mēnesis

sējas mēnesis (nominative singular)
sējas mēneši (nominative plural)
sējas mēneša (genitive singular)
sējas mēnešu (genitive plural)
sējas mēnesim (dative singular)
sējas mēnešiem (dative plural)
sējas mēnesi (accusative singular)
sējas mēnešus (accusative plural)
sējas mēnesi (instrumental singular)
sējas mēnešiem (instrumental plural)
sējas mēnesī (locative singular)
sējas mēnešos (locative plural)
sējas mēnesi (singular vocative)
sējas mēneši (plural vocative)

(archaic) the month of May (lit. the month of sowing)


ziedoņa mēnesis

ziedoņa mēnesis (nominative singular)
ziedoņa mēneši (nominative plural)
ziedoņa mēneša (genitive singular)
ziedoņa mēnešu (genitive plural)
ziedoņa mēnesim (dative singular)
ziedoņa mēnešiem (dative plural)
ziedoņa mēnesi (accusative singular)
ziedoņa mēnešus (accusative plural)
ziedoņa mēnesi (instrumental singular)
ziedoņa mēnešiem (instrumental plural)
ziedoņa mēnesī (locative singular)
ziedoņa mēnešos (locative plural)
ziedoņa mēnesi (singular vocative)
ziedoņa mēneši (plural vocative)

(archaic) the month of May (lit. the month of spring)


sulu mēnesis

sulu mēnesis (nominative singular)
sulu mēneši (nominative plural)
sulu mēneša (genitive singular)
sulu mēnešu (genitive plural)
sulu mēnesim (dative singular)
sulu mēnešiem (dative plural)
sulu mēnesi (accusative singular)
sulu mēnešus (accusative plural)
sulu mēnesi (instrumental singular)
sulu mēnešiem (instrumental plural)
sulu mēnesī (locative singular)
sulu mēnešos (locative plural)
sulu mēnesi (singular vocative)
sulu mēneši (plural vocative)

(archaic) the month of April (lit. the month of juices)


sērsnu mēnesis

sērsnu mēnesis (nominative singular)
sērsnu mēneši (nominative plural)
sērsnu mēneša (genitive singular)
sērsnu mēnešu (genitive plural)
sērsnu mēnesim (dative singular)
sērsnu mēnešiem (dative plural)
sērsnu mēnesi (accusative singular)
sērsnu mēnešus (accusative plural)
sērsnu mēnesi (instrumental singular)
sērsnu mēnešiem (instrumental plural)
sērsnu mēnesī (locative singular)
sērsnu mēnešos (locative plural)
sērsnu mēnesi (singular vocative)
sērsnu mēneši (plural vocative)

(archaic) the month of March (lit. the month of snow crusts)


baložu mēnesis

baložu mēnesis (nominative singular)
baložu mēneši (nominative plural)
baložu mēneša (genitive singular)
baložu mēnešu (genitive plural)
baložu mēnesim (dative singular)
baložu mēnešiem (dative plural)
baložu mēnesi (accusative singular)
baložu mēnešus (accusative plural)
baložu mēnesi (instrumental singular)
baložu mēnešiem (instrumental plural)
baložu mēnesī (locative singular)
baložu mēnešos (locative plural)
baložu mēnesi (singular vocative)
baložu mēneši (plural vocative)

(archaic) the month of March (lit. the month of pigeons)


sveču mēnesis

sveču mēnesis (nominative singular)
sveču mēneši (nominative plural)
sveču mēneša (genitive singular)
sveču mēnešu (genitive plural)
sveču mēnesim (dative singular)
sveču mēnešiem (dative plural)
sveču mēnesi (accusative singular)
sveču mēnešus (accusative plural)
sveču mēnesi (instrumental singular)
sveču mēnešiem (instrumental plural)
sveču mēnesī (locative singular)
sveču mēnešos (locative plural)
sveču mēnesi (singular vocative)
sveču mēneši (plural vocative)

(archaic) the month of February (lit. the month of candles)


meteņu mēnesis

meteņu mēnesis (nominative singular)
meteņu mēneši (nominative plural)
meteņu mēneša (genitive singular)
meteņu mēnešu (genitive plural)
meteņu mēnesim (dative singular)
meteņu mēnešiem (dative plural)
meteņu mēnesi (accusative singular)
meteņu mēnešus (accusative plural)
meteņu mēnesi (instrumental singular)
meteņu mēnešiem (instrumental plural)
meteņu mēnesī (locative singular)
meteņu mēnešos (locative plural)
meteņu mēnesi (singular vocative)
meteņu mēneši (plural vocative)

(archaic) the month of February (lit. the month of Shrovetide)


puteņu mēnesis

puteņu mēnesis (nominative singular)
puteņu mēneši (nominative plural)
puteņu mēneša (genitive singular)
puteņu mēnešu (genitive plural)
puteņu mēnesim (dative singular)
puteņu mēnešiem (dative plural)
puteņu mēnesi (accusative singular)
puteņu mēnešus (accusative plural)
puteņu mēnesi (instrumental singular)
puteņu mēnešiem (instrumental plural)
puteņu mēnesī (locative singular)
puteņu mēnešos (locative plural)
puteņu mēnesi (singular vocative)
puteņu mēneši (plural vocative)

(archaic) the month of February (lit. the month of blizzards)


sala mēnesis

sala mēnesis (nominative singular)
sala mēneši (nominative plural)
sala mēneša (genitive singular)
sala mēnešu (genitive plural)
sala mēnesim (dative singular)
sala mēnešiem (dative plural)
sala mēnesi (accusative singular)
sala mēnešus (accusative plural)
sala mēnesi (instrumental singular)
sala mēnešiem (instrumental plural)
sala mēnesī (locative singular)
sala mēnešos (locative plural)
sala mēnesi (singular vocative)
sala mēneši (plural vocative)

(archaic) the month of February (lit. the month of frost, cold)


ziemas mēnesis

ziemas mēnesis (nominative singular)
ziemas mēneši (nominative plural)
ziemas mēneša (genitive singular)
ziemas mēnešu (genitive plural)
ziemas mēnesim (dative singular)
ziemas mēnešiem (dative plural)
ziemas mēnesi (accusative singular)
ziemas mēnešus (accusative plural)
ziemas mēnesi (instrumental singular)
ziemas mēnešiem (instrumental plural)
ziemas mēnesī (locative singular)
ziemas mēnešos (locative plural)
ziemas mēnesi (singular vocative)
ziemas mēneši (plural vocative)

(archaic) the month of January (lit. the month of winter)


cūkgaļa

cūkgaļa (nominative singular)
cūkgaļas (genitive singular)
cūkgaļai (dative singular)
cūkgaļu (accusative singular)
cūkgaļu (instrumental singular)
cūkgaļā (locative singular)
cūkgaļa (singular vocative)

žavēta cūkgaļa

cepta cūkgaļas šķēle

cūkgaļas kotletes

cūkgaļas šašliks

Pēterim sieva atnesa pusdienās, saceptu cūkgaļu ar sīpoliem

Pēteris' wife brought him fried pork with onions for lunch


cūkas gaļa

cūkas gaļa (nominative singular)
cūkas gaļas (genitive singular)
cūkas gaļai (dative singular)
cūkas gaļu (accusative singular)
cūkas gaļu (instrumental singular)
cūkas gaļā (locative singular)
cūkas gaļa (singular vocative)


melnais caurums

melnais caurums (nominative singular)
melnie caurumi (nominative plural)
melnā cauruma (genitive singular)
melno caurumu (genitive plural)
melnajam caurumam (dative singular)
melnajiem caurumiem (dative plural)
melno caurumu (accusative singular)
melnos caurumus (accusative plural)
melno caurumu (instrumental singular)
melnajiem caurumiem (instrumental plural)
melnajā caurumā (locative singular)
melnajos caurumos (locative plural)
melno caurum (singular vocative)
melnais caurum (singular vocative)
melnie caurumi (plural vocative)

(astrophysics) black hole (gravitationally intense celestial body surrounded by an event horizon defining a region from which even light cannot escape)


nīderlandietis

lv-noun

nīderlandietis m (2nd declension, feminine form: nīderlandiete)

nīderlandiete (feminine)
nīderlandietis (nominative singular)
nīderlandieši (nominative plural)
nīderlandieša (genitive singular)
nīderlandiešu (genitive plural)
nīderlandietim (dative singular)
nīderlandiešiem (dative plural)
nīderlandieti (accusative singular)
nīderlandiešus (accusative plural)
nīderlandieti (instrumental singular)
nīderlandiešiem (instrumental plural)
nīderlandietī (locative singular)
nīderlandiešos (locative plural)
nīderlandieti (singular vocative)
nīderlandieši (plural vocative)

From Nīderlande (“the Netherlands”) + -ietis.


nīderlandiešu valoda

nīderlandiešu valoda (nominative singular)
nīderlandiešu valodas (genitive singular)
nīderlandiešu valodai (dative singular)
nīderlandiešu valodu (accusative singular)
nīderlandiešu valodu (instrumental singular)
nīderlandiešu valodā (locative singular)
nīderlandiešu valoda (singular vocative)

Dutch language (lit. language of the Dutch)


dānis

dānis m (2nd declension, feminine form: dāniete)

dāniete (feminine)
dānis (nominative singular)
dāņi (nominative plural)
dāņa (genitive singular)
dāņu (genitive plural)
dānim (dative singular)
dāņiem (dative plural)
dāni (accusative singular)
dāņus (accusative plural)
dāni (instrumental singular)
dāņiem (instrumental plural)
dānī (locative singular)
dāņos (locative plural)
dāni (singular vocative)
dāņi (plural vocative)

dāņu valoda

(genitive plural) Danish; pertaining to Denmark and its people


dāņu valoda

dāņu valoda (nominative singular)
dāņu valodas (genitive singular)
dāņu valodai (dative singular)
dāņu valodu (accusative singular)
dāņu valodu (instrumental singular)
dāņu valodā (locative singular)
dāņu valoda (singular vocative)

Danish language (lit. language of the Danes)


čehs

čehs m (1st declension, feminine form: čehiete)

čehiete (feminine)
čehs (nominative singular)
čehi (nominative plural)
čeha (genitive singular)
čehu (genitive plural)
čeham (dative singular)
čehiem (dative plural)
čehu (accusative singular)
čehus (accusative plural)
čehu (instrumental singular)
čehiem (instrumental plural)
čehā (locative singular)
čehos (locative plural)
čeh (singular vocative)
čehi (plural vocative)

divas brāļu tautas: čehi un slovaki

two brother peoples: the Czechs and the Slovaks

a Czech, a man born in the Czech Republic


čehu valoda

čehu valoda (nominative singular)
čehu valodas (genitive singular)
čehu valodai (dative singular)
čehu valodu (accusative singular)
čehu valodu (instrumental singular)
čehu valodā (locative singular)
čehu valoda (singular vocative)

Czech language (lit. language of the Czechs)


svece

svece (nominative singular)
sveces (nominative plural)
sveces (genitive singular)
sveču (genitive plural)
svecei (dative singular)
svecēm (dative plural)
sveci (accusative singular)
sveces (accusative plural)
sveci (instrumental singular)
svecēm (instrumental plural)
svecē (locative singular)
svecēs (locative plural)
svece (singular vocative)
sveces (plural vocative)

There are three main hypotheses on the origin of this word: (a) from the same source as sveķi (“resin”) (q.v.): Proto-Indo-European *sʷekʷ-os (“juice, resin”), whence Proto-Baltic *sʷek-as > *sveke, plural *sveki with a number of variants, among which svece; (b) from an earlier *zvece, cognate with Lithuanian žvãkė (“candle”), both from Proto-Baltic *žvak-, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰʷokʷ- (“to shine”); or (c) borrowed from Old East Slavic свѣча (svěča) (cf. Russian све́ча (svéča)), from Proto-Slavic *svěťa (but note that ě should yield ie or ē in Latvian, not a simple e, which weakens this hypothesis).

cog

starptautiskā svece

dega viena vienīga piecdesmit sveču gaismas spuldzīte

a single small 50-candela light bulb was burning


tūce

tūce (nominative singular)
tūces (nominative plural)
tūces (genitive singular)
tūču (genitive plural)
tūcei (dative singular)
tūcēm (dative plural)
tūci (accusative singular)
tūces (accusative plural)
tūci (instrumental singular)
tūcēm (instrumental plural)
tūcē (locative singular)
tūcēs (locative plural)
tūce (singular vocative)
tūces (plural vocative)


kaķene

kaķene (nominative singular)
kaķenes (nominative plural)
kaķenes (genitive singular)
kaķeņu (genitive plural)
kaķenei (dative singular)
kaķenēm (dative plural)
kaķeni (accusative singular)
kaķenes (accusative plural)
kaķeni (instrumental singular)
kaķenēm (instrumental plural)
kaķenē (locative singular)
kaķenēs (locative plural)
kaķene (singular vocative)
kaķenes (plural vocative)

puišeļi šaudās ar kaķenēm


māja

māja (nominative singular)
mājas (nominative plural)
mājas (genitive singular)
māju (genitive plural)
mājai (dative singular)
mājām (dative plural)
māju (accusative singular)
mājas (accusative plural)
māju (instrumental singular)
mājām (instrumental plural)
mājā (locative singular)
mājās (locative plural)
māja (singular vocative)
mājas (plural vocative)

Traditionally considered a borrowing from Proto-Finnic *maa (“land, earth”) (compare Estonian maa, Finnish maa, Veps ma, Livonian mō); the meaning evolved from “earth, land” → “earth, fields close to a village, to (farm) houses” → “(farm) house.” This word was also re-borrowed into Proto-Finnic as *maja (compare Estonian maja (“house”), Finnish maja (“hut”), Livonian mōi (“home”)).
More recently, it has been suggested that Proto-Finnic *maa ultimately derives from Indo-European, cf. Sanskrit मही (mahī), Old Irish mag (“plains, field”) (from Proto-Indo-European *meǵ(ʰ)-, *mag(ʰ)-, whence also Ancient Greek μέγας (mégas, “big”)). In this case, Latvian māja might not be a borrowing, but a retention from Proto-Indo-European.

dzīvojamā māja

stūra māja

ģimenes māja

kalpu māja

vienstāva, daudzstāvu māja

lauku mājas

iepirkt mājas

dzīt govis mājās

(chiefly in the plural) farmhouse, farmstead, farm and its buildings

braukt, iet uz mājām

uzkopt māju

mājas māte, mājasmāte

otrās mājas

sēdēt mājās

justies kā mājās


namamāte

namamāte (nominative singular)
namamātes (nominative plural)
namamātes (genitive singular)
namamāšu (genitive plural)
namamātei (dative singular)
namamātēm (dative plural)
namamāti (accusative singular)
namamātes (accusative plural)
namamāti (instrumental singular)
namamātēm (instrumental plural)
namamātē (locative singular)
namamātēs (locative plural)
namamāte (singular vocative)
namamātes (plural vocative)

From nama (“house[gen.]”) + māte (“mother”).

laipna namamāte

namamātes pienākumi

namamātes darbs


mājasmāte

mājasmāte (nominative singular)
mājasmātes (nominative plural)
mājasmātes (genitive singular)
mājasmāšu (genitive plural)
mājasmātei (dative singular)
mājasmātēm (dative plural)
mājasmāti (accusative singular)
mājasmātes (accusative plural)
mājasmāti (instrumental singular)
mājasmātēm (instrumental plural)
mājasmātē (locative singular)
mājasmātēs (locative plural)
mājasmāte (singular vocative)
mājasmātes (plural vocative)

From mājas (“house[gen.]”) + māte (“mother”).

mājasmāte bija pagatavojusi siltas pusdienas

the lady of the house had cooked a warm lunch


tēviņš

tēviņš (nominative singular)
tēviņi (nominative plural)
tēviņa (genitive singular)
tēviņu (genitive plural)
tēviņam (dative singular)
tēviņiem (dative plural)
tēviņu (accusative singular)
tēviņus (accusative plural)
tēviņu (instrumental singular)
tēviņiem (instrumental plural)
tēviņā (locative singular)
tēviņos (locative plural)
tēviņ (singular vocative)
tēviņi (plural vocative)

From tēvs (“father”) + -iņš (“dim.”). At first a diminutive of “father” (uses as a term of endearment are attested in older texts); now only tētiņš can be used in this sense.

aitu tēviņš

pīļu tēviņš

bišu tēviņi

atšķirības starp tēviņiem un mātītēm


rotaļlieta

rotaļlieta (nominative singular)
rotaļlietas (nominative plural)
rotaļlietas (genitive singular)
rotaļlietu (genitive plural)
rotaļlietai (dative singular)
rotaļlietām (dative plural)
rotaļlietu (accusative singular)
rotaļlietas (accusative plural)
rotaļlietu (instrumental singular)
rotaļlietām (instrumental plural)
rotaļlietā (locative singular)
rotaļlietās (locative plural)
rotaļlieta (singular vocative)
rotaļlietas (plural vocative)

rotaļlietu veikals

rotaļlietu fabrika

rotaļlietas ir svarīgs audzināšanas līdzeklis


spēle

spēle (nominative singular)
spēles (nominative plural)
spēles (genitive singular)
spēļu (genitive plural)
spēlei (dative singular)
spēlēm (dative plural)
spēli (accusative singular)
spēles (accusative plural)
spēli (instrumental singular)
spēlēm (instrumental plural)
spēlē (locative singular)
spēlēs (locative plural)
spēle (singular vocative)
spēles (plural vocative)

Likely from Middle Low German spel, from Old Saxon spil, from Proto-West Germanic *spil.

Līdz volejbola spēli beigām atlikušas tikai 10 minūtes.

There are only 10 minutes left until the volleyball match ends.


kamiesis

kamiesis (nominative singular)
kamieši (nominative plural)
kamieša (genitive singular)
kamiešu (genitive plural)
kamiesim (dative singular)
kamiešiem (dative plural)
kamiesi (accusative singular)
kamiešus (accusative plural)
kamiesi (instrumental singular)
kamiešiem (instrumental plural)
kamiesī (locative singular)
kamiešos (locative plural)
kamiesi (singular vocative)
kamieši (plural vocative)

pacelt nastu uz kamiešiem

to lift a burden on (= from) one's shoulders


metāns

metāns (nominative singular)
metāna (genitive singular)
metānam (dative singular)
metānu (accusative singular)
metānu (instrumental singular)
metānā (locative singular)
metān (singular vocative)

Borrowed from other European languages, probably French méthane or German Methan, words, in turn, coined in the late 1860s on the basis of méthyle or Methyl (with the final yl removed because of its wrong identification with a formative suffix) and the suffix -an, invented and proposed in 1866 by German Chemist August Wilhelm van Hoffmann to indicate a chain of carbon atoms with no double bonds.

metānu lieto kā daudzu vielu rūpniecisko izejvielu

methane is used as an industrial raw material for many substances

metāns ir gāze bez krāsas un bez smaržas, gandrīz 2 reizes vieglāka par gaisu, maz šķist ūdenī

methane is a colorless, odorless gas, almost twice lighter than air, little soluble in water

(organic chemistry) methane (CH₄, the simplest aliphatic hydrocarbon)


lelle

lelle (nominative singular)
lelles (nominative plural)
lelles (genitive singular)
leļļu (genitive plural)
lellei (dative singular)
lellēm (dative plural)
lelli (accusative singular)
lelles (accusative plural)
lelli (instrumental singular)
lellēm (instrumental plural)
lellē (locative singular)
lellēs (locative plural)
lelle (singular vocative)
lelles (plural vocative)

leļļu teātris

vadīt lelles kustības

to manage, lead the movements of a puppet

puppet, marionette (small model of a person or animal which can be moved by an actor, e.g. via strings, rods, or as a glove)


datorpele

datorpele (nominative singular)
datorpeles (nominative plural)
datorpeles (genitive singular)
datorpeļu (genitive plural)
datorpelei (dative singular)
datorpelēm (dative plural)
datorpeli (accusative singular)
datorpeles (accusative plural)
datorpeli (instrumental singular)
datorpelēm (instrumental plural)
datorpelē (locative singular)
datorpelēs (locative plural)
datorpele (singular vocative)
datorpeles (plural vocative)

From dators (“computer”) + pele (“mouse”).

(computing, also pele) mouse (movable input device used to move a pointer on a graphic display)


putenis

putenis (nominative singular)
puteņi (nominative plural)
puteņa (genitive singular)
puteņu (genitive plural)
putenim (dative singular)
puteņiem (dative plural)
puteni (accusative singular)
puteņus (accusative plural)
puteni (instrumental singular)
puteņiem (instrumental plural)
putenī (locative singular)
puteņos (locative plural)
puteni (singular vocative)
puteņi (plural vocative)


sniegputenis

sniegputenis (nominative singular)
sniegputeņi (nominative plural)
sniegputeņa (genitive singular)
sniegputeņu (genitive plural)
sniegputenim (dative singular)
sniegputeņiem (dative plural)
sniegputeni (accusative singular)
sniegputeņus (accusative plural)
sniegputeni (instrumental singular)
sniegputeņiem (instrumental plural)
sniegputenī (locative singular)
sniegputeņos (locative plural)
sniegputeni (singular vocative)
sniegputeņi (plural vocative)

From sniegs (“snow”) + putenis (“blizzard”).


olnīca

olnīca (nominative singular)
olnīcas (nominative plural)
olnīcas (genitive singular)
olnīcu (genitive plural)
olnīcai (dative singular)
olnīcām (dative plural)
olnīcu (accusative singular)
olnīcas (accusative plural)
olnīcu (instrumental singular)
olnīcām (instrumental plural)
olnīcā (locative singular)
olnīcās (locative plural)
olnīca (singular vocative)
olnīcas (plural vocative)

sievetes olnīcas

(anatomy, usually plural: olnīcas) ovary (the organ that produces ova in a woman, or in other female mammals)


sērsna

sērsna (nominative singular)
sērsnas (nominative plural)
sērsnas (genitive singular)
sērsnu (genitive plural)
sērsnai (dative singular)
sērsnām (dative plural)
sērsnu (accusative singular)
sērsnas (accusative plural)
sērsnu (instrumental singular)
sērsnām (instrumental plural)
sērsnā (locative singular)
sērsnās (locative plural)
sērsna (singular vocative)
sērsnas (plural vocative)

staigāt pa sērsnu


peža

peža (nominative singular)
pežas (nominative plural)
pežas (genitive singular)
pežu (genitive plural)
pežai (dative singular)
pežām (dative plural)
pežu (accusative singular)
pežas (accusative plural)
pežu (instrumental singular)
pežām (instrumental plural)
pežā (locative singular)
pežās (locative plural)
peža (singular vocative)
pežas (plural vocative)

(anatomy) (vulgar slang) vagina; pussy, cunt


mazais pirkstiņš

mazais pirkstiņš (nominative singular)
mazie pirkstiņi (nominative plural)
mazā pirkstiņa (genitive singular)
mazo pirkstiņu (genitive plural)
mazajam pirkstiņam (dative singular)
mazajiem pirkstiņiem (dative plural)
mazo pirkstiņu (accusative singular)
mazos pirkstiņus (accusative plural)
mazo pirkstiņu (instrumental singular)
mazajiem pirkstiņiem (instrumental plural)
mazajā pirkstiņā (locative singular)
mazajos pirkstiņos (locative plural)
mazo pirkstiņ (singular vocative)
mazais pirkstiņ (singular vocative)
mazie pirkstiņi (plural vocative)

From pirksts (“finger”) + -iņš (“dim.”), with the adjective mazs (“small”) in its masculine definite form mazais.

(anatomy) little finger, pinky (the fifth, and smallest, finger)


virzuļa pirksts

virzuļa pirksts (nominative singular)
virzuļa pirksti (nominative plural)
virzuļa pirksta (genitive singular)
virzuļa pirkstu (genitive plural)
virzuļa pirkstam (dative singular)
virzuļa pirkstiem (dative plural)
virzuļa pirkstu (accusative singular)
virzuļa pirkstus (accusative plural)
virzuļa pirkstu (instrumental singular)
virzuļa pirkstiem (instrumental plural)
virzuļa pirkstā (locative singular)
virzuļa pirkstos (locative plural)
virzuļa pirkst (singular vocative)
virzuļa pirksti (plural vocative)

piston rod, connecting rod (rod connecting a piston to a crosshead)


virzulis

virzulis (nominative singular)
virzuļi (nominative plural)
virzuļa (genitive singular)
virzuļu (genitive plural)
virzulim (dative singular)
virzuļiem (dative plural)
virzuli (accusative singular)
virzuļus (accusative plural)
virzuli (instrumental singular)
virzuļiem (instrumental plural)
virzulī (locative singular)
virzuļos (locative plural)
virzuli (singular vocative)
virzuļi (plural vocative)

motocikla motora virzulis

hidrauliskais virzulis

eļļošanas ierīces virzulis

piston (disk or cylinder that moves under pressure inside a hollow cylinder)


virzuļa gredzens

virzuļa gredzens (nominative singular)
virzuļa gredzeni (nominative plural)
virzuļa gredzena (genitive singular)
virzuļa gredzenu (genitive plural)
virzuļa gredzenam (dative singular)
virzuļa gredzeniem (dative plural)
virzuļa gredzenu (accusative singular)
virzuļa gredzenus (accusative plural)
virzuļa gredzenu (instrumental singular)
virzuļa gredzeniem (instrumental plural)
virzuļa gredzenā (locative singular)
virzuļa gredzenos (locative plural)
virzuļa gredzen (singular vocative)
virzuļa gredzeni (plural vocative)

piston ring (metal rings placed in the grooves of a piston to ensure solid contact with the cylinder walls)


gredzens

gredzens (nominative singular)
gredzeni (nominative plural)
gredzena (genitive singular)
gredzenu (genitive plural)
gredzenam (dative singular)
gredzeniem (dative plural)
gredzenu (accusative singular)
gredzenus (accusative plural)
gredzenu (instrumental singular)
gredzeniem (instrumental plural)
gredzenā (locative singular)
gredzenos (locative plural)
gredzen (singular vocative)
gredzeni (plural vocative)

From an earlier (unattested) Latvian adjective *gregs (“turned, twisted, woven”) or noun *gred(z)is (“bay, bent”) (cf. place names like Gredzups) + -ens, from a verb *gregt (“to turn, to twist, to weave, to braid”), from Proto-Baltic *greg-, from Proto-Indo-European *gerg-, *greg-, from a stem *ger- (“to turn, to twist”) (whence also griezt (“to turn”), q.v.) with an extra -g. The original meaning was “turned, bent, woven thing” > “round woven thing (like a wreath)” > “ring.” Cognates include Old Prussian graudis (corrected to grandis), Old Norse krākr (“bending, bay, hook”), Middle English crinkled (“turned, twisted”), English crinkle, Dutch krinkel (“loop, noose”).

gredzens ar dārgakmeni

zelta, briljanta, rubīna gredzens

dāvināt gradzenu

laulības gredzens

Vilma savu laulības gredzenu bija atstājusi mājās, jo tā tikai tāda veca mode: staigāt visur ar riņķi pirkstā

Vilma had left her wedding ring home, because that was just an old fashion: to go everywhere with the ring in (one's) finger

ikdienas rota senlatviešiem bija gredzeni... tos nēsāja uz abu roku visiem pirkstiem, izņemot īkšķi... bieži vien vienu pirkstu rotāja pat vairāki gredzeni

rings were an everyday ornament of ancient Latvians... they wore them on all fingers of both hands, except for the thumb... often (they) adorned one finger with several rings

ring (round piece of metal worn around the finger as a jewel or as a symbol)

romāns radīts pēc gredzena principā

a roman written according to the principle of circularity

(literature) circle, circular (principle for composing works of art so that their end is equal or similar to their beginning)


dzimumakts

dzimumakts (nominative singular)
dzimumakti (nominative plural)
dzimumakta (genitive singular)
dzimumaktu (genitive plural)
dzimumaktam (dative singular)
dzimumaktiem (dative plural)
dzimumaktu (accusative singular)
dzimumaktus (accusative plural)
dzimumaktu (instrumental singular)
dzimumaktiem (instrumental plural)
dzimumaktā (locative singular)
dzimumaktos (locative plural)
dzimumakt (singular vocative)
dzimumakti (plural vocative)


īkšķis

īkšķis (nominative singular)
īkšķi (nominative plural)
īkšķa (genitive singular)
īkšķu (genitive plural)
īkšķim (dative singular)
īkšķiem (dative plural)
īkšķi (accusative singular)
īkšķus (accusative plural)
īkšķi (instrumental singular)
īkšķiem (instrumental plural)
īkšķī (locative singular)
īkšķos (locative plural)
īkšķi (singular vocative)
īkšķi (plural vocative)

Cognate with Lithuanian nykštys, Old Prussian instixs. See the Lithuanian term for details.

(anatomy) thumb (short, thick, opposable finger)


zeltnesis

zeltnesis (nominative singular)
zeltneši (nominative plural)
zeltneša (genitive singular)
zeltnešu (genitive plural)
zeltnesim (dative singular)
zeltnešiem (dative plural)
zeltnesi (accusative singular)
zeltnešus (accusative plural)
zeltnesi (instrumental singular)
zeltnešiem (instrumental plural)
zeltnesī (locative singular)
zeltnešos (locative plural)
zeltnesi (singular vocative)
zeltneši (plural vocative)

(anatomy) ring finger (the fourth finger, the one before the little finger)


vidējais pirksts

vidējais pirksts (nominative singular)
vidējie pirksti (nominative plural)
vidējā pirksta (genitive singular)
vidējo pirkstu (genitive plural)
vidējajam pirkstam (dative singular)
vidējajiem pirkstiem (dative plural)
vidējo pirkstu (accusative singular)
vidējos pirkstus (accusative plural)
vidējo pirkstu (instrumental singular)
vidējajiem pirkstiem (instrumental plural)
vidējajā pirkstā (locative singular)
vidējajos pirkstos (locative plural)
vidējo pirkst (singular vocative)
vidējais pirkst (singular vocative)
vidējie pirksti (plural vocative)


rādītājpirksts

rādītājpirksts (nominative singular)
rādītājpirksti (nominative plural)
rādītājpirksta (genitive singular)
rādītājpirkstu (genitive plural)
rādītājpirkstam (dative singular)
rādītājpirkstiem (dative plural)
rādītājpirkstu (accusative singular)
rādītājpirkstus (accusative plural)
rādītājpirkstu (instrumental singular)
rādītājpirkstiem (instrumental plural)
rādītājpirkstā (locative singular)
rādītājpirkstos (locative plural)
rādītājpirkst (singular vocative)
rādītājpirksti (plural vocative)

From rādītāja (“showing[gen.]”) + pirksts (“finger”) (with rādītāja being the genitive singular form of rādītājs, from rādīt (“to show”) + -ājs (“-er”)).

compound

(anatomy) index finger (the finger next to the thumb)


lappuse

lappuse (nominative singular)
lappuses (nominative plural)
lappuses (genitive singular)
lappušu (genitive plural)
lappusei (dative singular)
lappusēm (dative plural)
lappusi (accusative singular)
lappuses (accusative plural)
lappusi (instrumental singular)
lappusēm (instrumental plural)
lappusē (locative singular)
lappusēs (locative plural)
lappuse (singular vocative)
lappuses (plural vocative)

From lapa (“leaf, sheet”) + puse (“side”).

lappušu numerācija

lasīt lappusi pēc lappuses

grāmatas, žurnāla, kalendāra lappuses

divsimt lappušu bieza grāmata

sākt, (pa)vērt jaunu vēstures lappusi

page (a stage in a sequence, in the development of something)


kriminālpolicija

kriminālpolicija (nominative singular)
kriminālpolicijas (genitive singular)
kriminālpolicijai (dative singular)
kriminālpoliciju (accusative singular)
kriminālpoliciju (instrumental singular)
kriminālpolicijā (locative singular)
kriminālpolicija (singular vocative)

From kriminālā (“criminal”) + policija (“police”).

criminal police (the police that investigates crimes)


slepenpolicija

slepenpolicija (nominative singular)
slepenpolicijas (nominative plural)
slepenpolicijas (genitive singular)
slepenpoliciju (genitive plural)
slepenpolicijai (dative singular)
slepenpolicijām (dative plural)
slepenpoliciju (accusative singular)
slepenpolicijas (accusative plural)
slepenpoliciju (instrumental singular)
slepenpolicijām (instrumental plural)
slepenpolicijā (locative singular)
slepenpolicijās (locative plural)
slepenpolicija (singular vocative)
slepenpolicijas (plural vocative)

From slepenā (“secret”) + policija (“police”).

slepenpolicijas dienests

secret service (lit. secret police service)

secret police (a police force working in secrecy, outside the boundaries of common law)


komandants

lv-noun

komandants m (1st declension, feminine form: komandante)

komandante (feminine)
komandants (nominative singular)
komandanti (nominative plural)
komandanta (genitive singular)
komandantu (genitive plural)
komandantam (dative singular)
komandantiem (dative plural)
komandantu (accusative singular)
komandantus (accusative plural)
komandantu (instrumental singular)
komandantiem (instrumental plural)
komandantā (locative singular)
komandantos (locative plural)
komandant (singular vocative)
komandanti (plural vocative)

cietokšņa komandants

iecelt komandantu

(military) army commandant, officer in charge (of an army group, or of a military installation or facility)

pilsētas komandants

garnizona komandants

nometnes komandants

(military) commander, officer responsible for proper execution of guard duty and for the discipline of soldiers in public places


čiekurs

čiekurs (nominative singular)
čiekuri (nominative plural)
čiekura (genitive singular)
čiekuru (genitive plural)
čiekuram (dative singular)
čiekuriem (dative plural)
čiekuru (accusative singular)
čiekurus (accusative plural)
čiekuru (instrumental singular)
čiekuriem (instrumental plural)
čiekurā (locative singular)
čiekuros (locative plural)
čiekur (singular vocative)
čiekuri (plural vocative)

ciedra čiekurs

priežu, egļu čiekuri

zaļš čiekurs

lasīt čiekurus

Čiekurkalns

reproductive organ
reproductive organ#English

(botany) conifer cone (the fruit, or reproductive organ, of a conifer tree)


gaisakuģis

gaisakuģis (nominative singular)
gaisakuģi (nominative plural)
gaisakuģa (genitive singular)
gaisakuģu (genitive plural)
gaisakuģim (dative singular)
gaisakuģiem (dative plural)
gaisakuģi (accusative singular)
gaisakuģus (accusative plural)
gaisakuģi (instrumental singular)
gaisakuģiem (instrumental plural)
gaisakuģī (locative singular)
gaisakuģos (locative plural)
gaisakuģi (singular vocative)
gaisakuģi (plural vocative)

From gaisa (“air[gen.]”) + kuģis (“ship”).


modinātājs

modinātājs m (1st declension, feminine form: modinātāja)

modinātāja (feminine)
modinātājs (nominative singular)
modinātāji (nominative plural)
modinātāja (genitive singular)
modinātāju (genitive plural)
modinātājam (dative singular)
modinātājiem (dative plural)
modinātāju (accusative singular)
modinātājus (accusative plural)
modinātāju (instrumental singular)
modinātājiem (instrumental plural)
modinātājā (locative singular)
modinātājos (locative plural)
modinātāj (singular vocative)
modinātāji (plural vocative)

modinātājs nozvanīja

uzgriezt modinātāju, lai zvana septiņos

to set the alarm clock so that it goes off at seven o'clock


modinātājpulkstenis

modinātājpulkstenis (nominative singular)
modinātājpulksteņi (nominative plural)
modinātājpulksteņa (genitive singular)
modinātājpulksteņu (genitive plural)
modinātājpulkstenim (dative singular)
modinātājpulksteņiem (dative plural)
modinātājpulksteni (accusative singular)
modinātājpulksteņus (accusative plural)
modinātājpulksteni (instrumental singular)
modinātājpulksteņiem (instrumental plural)
modinātājpulkstenī (locative singular)
modinātājpulksteņos (locative plural)
modinātājpulksteni (singular vocative)
modinātājpulksteņi (plural vocative)

From modinātājs (“waker”) + pulkstenis (“clock”) (with modinātājs from modināt (“to wake up”) + -ājs).

compound

elektronu modinātājpulkstenis

uzvilkt modinātājpulksteni

to wind up (the spring of a wind-up) alarm clock

modinātājpulksteņa zvans


īlens

īlens (nominative singular)
īleni (nominative plural)
īlena (genitive singular)
īlenu (genitive plural)
īlenam (dative singular)
īleniem (dative plural)
īlenu (accusative singular)
īlenus (accusative plural)
īlenu (instrumental singular)
īleniem (instrumental plural)
īlenā (locative singular)
īlenos (locative plural)
īlen (singular vocative)
īleni (plural vocative)

Traditionally, this word is seen as borrowed from Gothic *𐌴𐌻𐌰 (*ēla, “awl”), perhaps via Old Prussian ylo (“awl”). The Gothic e was very narrow (tense), so it was replaced by ī when borrowed. This loanword is first mentioned in 17th-century dictionaries. A more recent theory, however, connects īlens to ilknis (“fang, tusk”), ilkss (“shaft”), and with Hittite illuyanka (“dragon; snake”), where il- apparently refers to something sharp (fang, horn, stinger), in which case īlens might be a retention rather than a borrowing, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *eil-, *il-, *īl-, from *ei-, *h₁ei- (“sharp, pointed”), via a probable Proto-Baltic *īl- + -ens.

izdurt caurumus ar īlenu

ass ka īlens

dur kā ar īlenu

it pierces as if with an awl (e.g., sharp pain)

awl (pointed instrument for piercing small holes)


āmurs

āmurs (nominative singular)
āmuri (nominative plural)
āmura (genitive singular)
āmuru (genitive plural)
āmuram (dative singular)
āmuriem (dative plural)
āmuru (accusative singular)
āmurus (accusative plural)
āmuru (instrumental singular)
āmuriem (instrumental plural)
āmurā (locative singular)
āmuros (locative plural)
āmur (singular vocative)
āmuri (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Old Norse hamarr, or from Middle Low German, Middle Dutch hamer (cf. German Hammer, English hammer). First mentioned in 17h-century dictionaries as āmars, it occurred later as āmers under the influence of German Hammer; in the 19th century, however, the spelling āmurs became dominant and entered the standard language.

koka āmurs

galdnieka, kurpnieka āmurs

ogļu atskaldāmais āmurs

gaļas āmurs

āmura kāts

iesist naglu ar āmuru

hammer (tool with heavy head for pounding)

pneimatiskais āmurs

tvaika āmurs


veseris

veseris (nominative singular)
veseri (nominative plural)
vesera (genitive singular)
veseru (genitive plural)
veserim (dative singular)
veseriem (dative plural)
veseri (accusative singular)
veserus (accusative plural)
veseri (instrumental singular)
veseriem (instrumental plural)
veserī (locative singular)
veseros (locative plural)
veseri (singular vocative)
veseri (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Livonian vazār, or from Estonian vasar.

kalēja veseris

akmeņkaļa veseris

rokas veseris

vesera mešana

vesera metējs

(sports) (heavy steel ball attached to a wire, used for throwing)


atombumba

atombumba (nominative singular)
atombumbas (nominative plural)
atombumbas (genitive singular)
atombumbu (genitive plural)
atombumbai (dative singular)
atombumbām (dative plural)
atombumbu (accusative singular)
atombumbas (accusative plural)
atombumbu (instrumental singular)
atombumbām (instrumental plural)
atombumbā (locative singular)
atombumbās (locative plural)
atombumba (singular vocative)
atombumbas (plural vocative)

atombumbas sprādziens

atombumbu ražošana

sākotnēji tika izstrādātas atombumbas, kurās izmantoja atomu kodolu dalīšanās procesu

first atom bombs that used the process of atomic fission were produced


kodolbumba

kodolbumba (nominative singular)
kodolbumbas (nominative plural)
kodolbumbas (genitive singular)
kodolbumbu (genitive plural)
kodolbumbai (dative singular)
kodolbumbām (dative plural)
kodolbumbu (accusative singular)
kodolbumbas (accusative plural)
kodolbumbu (instrumental singular)
kodolbumbām (instrumental plural)
kodolbumbā (locative singular)
kodolbumbās (locative plural)
kodolbumba (singular vocative)
kodolbumbas (plural vocative)

From kodols (“nucleus”) + bumba (“bomb”).

kodolbumbas sprādziens


kodols

kodols (nominative singular)
kodoli (nominative plural)
kodola (genitive singular)
kodolu (genitive plural)
kodolam (dative singular)
kodoliem (dative plural)
kodolu (accusative singular)
kodolus (accusative plural)
kodolu (instrumental singular)
kodoliem (instrumental plural)
kodolā (locative singular)
kodolos (locative plural)
kodol (singular vocative)
kodoli (plural vocative)

kodola daļiņa

termiskās kodolu reakcijas

kodolu dalīšanās

(physics, also atoma kodols) atomic nucleus


ierocis

ierocis (nominative singular)
ieroči (nominative plural)
ieroča (genitive singular)
ieroču (genitive plural)
ierocim (dative singular)
ieročiem (dative plural)
ieroci (accusative singular)
ieročus (accusative plural)
ieroci (instrumental singular)
ieročiem (instrumental plural)
ierocī (locative singular)
ieročos (locative plural)
ieroci (singular vocative)
ieroči (plural vocative)

Derived from ie- + roka (“hand”) and made into a second-declension masculine noun (ending -is). The original meaning was probably “handle” (“in-hand”), maybe “sword handle” (in some older sourcers, ierocis is given as a synonym of zobens “sword”). In the 18th and 19th centuries, ierocis, like its Lithuanian cognate, could also mean “tool, instrument” (< “something held with one's hand”); its military meaning grew gradually more important, becoming dominant by the end of the 19th century. Cognates include Lithuanian į́rankis (“tool, instrument, weapon”).

cog

medību ierocis

šaujamais ierocis, šaujamierocis

eksplozīvie ieroči

aukstie ieroči

masveida iznīcināšanas ieroči

bakterioloģiskie, bioloģiskie, ķīmiskie ieroči

bacteriological, biological, chemical weapons

weapon (instrument used to injure, kill, or destroy)


kodolierocis

kodolierocis (nominative singular)
kodolieroči (nominative plural)
kodolieroča (genitive singular)
kodolieroču (genitive plural)
kodolierocim (dative singular)
kodolieročiem (dative plural)
kodolieroci (accusative singular)
kodolieročus (accusative plural)
kodolieroci (instrumental singular)
kodolieročiem (instrumental plural)
kodolierocī (locative singular)
kodolieročos (locative plural)
kodolieroci (singular vocative)
kodolieroči (plural vocative)

From kodols (“nucleus”) + ierocis (“weapon”).

kodolieroču izmēģinājumi

nuclear weapon (explosive weapons based on nuclear fission)


šaujamierocis

šaujamierocis (nominative singular)
šaujamieroči (nominative plural)
šaujamieroča (genitive singular)
šaujamieroču (genitive plural)
šaujamierocim (dative singular)
šaujamieročiem (dative plural)
šaujamieroci (accusative singular)
šaujamieročus (accusative plural)
šaujamieroci (instrumental singular)
šaujamieročiem (instrumental plural)
šaujamierocī (locative singular)
šaujamieročos (locative plural)
šaujamieroci (singular vocative)
šaujamieroči (plural vocative)

From šaujams (“shooting”) + ierocis (“weapon”) (šaujams is the present participle of šaut (“to shoot”)).

compound

indiviuālie šaujamieroči

kolektīvie šaujamieroči

šaujamieroču ražotājs

šaujamieroči ir ļoti trokšņaini

šaujamieroči ir bīstami

firearm, gun (personal weapon that propels a projectile with explosive powder)


neitrons

neitrons (nominative singular)
neitroni (nominative plural)
neitrona (genitive singular)
neitronu (genitive plural)
neitronam (dative singular)
neitroniem (dative plural)
neitronu (accusative singular)
neitronus (accusative plural)
neitronu (instrumental singular)
neitroniem (instrumental plural)
neitronā (locative singular)
neitronos (locative plural)
neitron (singular vocative)
neitroni (plural vocative)

lēnie neitroni

termiskie neitroni

neitronu spektroskopija

(physics) neutron (uncharged particle in the atomic nucleus)


elektronmikroskops

elektronmikroskops (nominative singular)
elektronmikroskopi (nominative plural)
elektronmikroskopa (genitive singular)
elektronmikroskopu (genitive plural)
elektronmikroskopam (dative singular)
elektronmikroskopiem (dative plural)
elektronmikroskopu (accusative singular)
elektronmikroskopus (accusative plural)
elektronmikroskopu (instrumental singular)
elektronmikroskopiem (instrumental plural)
elektronmikroskopā (locative singular)
elektronmikroskopos (locative plural)
elektronmikroskop (singular vocative)
elektronmikroskopi (plural vocative)

From elektrons (“electron”) + mikroskops (“microscope”).


ūdeņradis

ūdeņradis (nominative singular)
ūdeņraža (genitive singular)
ūdeņradim (dative singular)
ūdeņradi (accusative singular)
ūdeņradi (instrumental singular)
ūdeņradī (locative singular)
ūdeņradi (singular vocative)

From ūdens (“water”) + rads (“creator”).

ūdeņraža bumba

ūdeņraža pārskābe, ūdeņraža peroksīds

chemical element
chemical element#English

hydrogen (a gas, the lightest of all chemical elements)