saimnieks

lv-noun

saimnieks m (1st declension, feminine form: saimniece)

saimniece (feminine)
saimnieks (nominative singular)
saimnieki (nominative plural)
saimnieka (genitive singular)
saimnieku (genitive plural)
saimniekam (dative singular)
saimniekiem (dative plural)
saimnieku (accusative singular)
saimniekus (accusative plural)
saimnieku (instrumental singular)
saimniekiem (instrumental plural)
saimniekā (locative singular)
saimniekos (locative plural)
saimniek (singular vocative)
saimnieki (plural vocative)

From saime (“family, household”) + -nieks. Though it is an old compound (already attested in 17th-century sources), it was only introduced in the literary (standard) language in 1862 by J. Alunāns.

iebraucamās vietas saimnieks

viesnīcas saimnieks

visi apkārtējie restorānu saimnieki zināja, ka pilsoņa Žana Gijo veikalā vienmēr svaiga prece

all the surrounding restaurant owners knew that there always was fresh merchandise (= ingredients) in citizen Žans Gijo's shop

owner or tenant, especially of a small business

kā saimnieks... es torīt atvēru sava kabineta durvis un turpat pie durvīm apstājos: redzēju, ka neesmu vairs saimnieks... uz galda augšpēdus gulēja vācu virsnieka cepure

as the master (of that office) I opened that morning my office's door and immediately stopped at the door: I saw that I was no longer the master... a German officer's hat was lying upside down on the table

owner, master, boss (person who owns or has the right to use a certain space, room, place)

kaķis kas ir pamests... parasti vairs citam saimniekam neuzticas un kļūst par īstu, mežonīgu zvēru

a cat that was abandoned... usually does not trust another owner and becomes a true wild beast

vēl jau gan viņš tur šauteni savās rokās, bet Ferdinands saprot, ka saimnieks tai jau ir cits: tas, lielais vīrs ar zilganpelēkajām acīm

though he is holding the gun in his hands, Ferdinands understands that its owner is another (person): that big man with the bluish-gray eyes

owner (person who owns something, e.g., an object)

lietuviešu tauta kļuva par pilntiesīgu savas zemes saimnieku

the Lithuanian people became the full master of their own land

pēc staltās gaitas, formas tērpa un izturēšanās spriežot, par kuģa saimnieku pirmajā brīdī varēja noturēt kapteiņa pirmo palīgu

judging by his stately gait, uniform and behavior, one could at first take the first mate for the ship's boss (= captain)

master, boss, leader (person who runs, administers, manages, organizes something, making decisions about it)

saimnieks ar ciemiņu beidzot piesēdušies pie galda

the host with (his) guest finally sat at the table

host (person who entertains guests, visitors)

katrai blusu sugai ir noteikts saimnieks

every species of flea has a specific host

Mazākās zaļganās dēles dzīvoja uz zivju ādas un pārtika no saimnieku asinīm

the smaller greenish leeches lived on fish skin and fed from their host's blood

(biology) host (an organism in which a parasite lives)


maiznieks

maiznieks m (1st declension, feminine form: maizniece)

maizniece (feminine)
maiznieks (nominative singular)
maiznieki (nominative plural)
maiznieka (genitive singular)
maiznieku (genitive plural)
maizniekam (dative singular)
maizniekiem (dative plural)
maiznieku (accusative singular)
maizniekus (accusative plural)
maiznieku (instrumental singular)
maizniekiem (instrumental plural)
maizniekā (locative singular)
maizniekos (locative plural)
maizniek (singular vocative)
maiznieki (plural vocative)

From maize + -nieks. Coined by Juris Alunāns in 1857.

Ķīnā atkal notikusi masu slepkavība, izmantojot nazi. Čanšas pilsētā valsts vidienē vietējais maiznieks sadūris vairākus cilvēkus. Pieci no gūtajiem ievainojumiem mira.

2014 March 14, Andris Lācars, Ķīnā maiznieks ar nazi nogalina piecus cilvēkus:

Another mass stabbing has occurred in China. A local baker stabbed several people in the central city of Changsha. Five of the injured died.

baker (a craftsman engaged in baking bread; a owner of a bakery; a bread merchant)


skolnieks

skolnieks m (1st declension, feminine form: skolniece)

skolniece (feminine)
skolnieks (nominative singular)
skolnieki (nominative plural)
skolnieka (genitive singular)
skolnieku (genitive plural)
skolniekam (dative singular)
skolniekiem (dative plural)
skolnieku (accusative singular)
skolniekus (accusative plural)
skolnieku (instrumental singular)
skolniekiem (instrumental plural)
skolniekā (locative singular)
skolniekos (locative plural)
skolniek (singular vocative)
skolnieki (plural vocative)

From skola (“school”) + -nieks. Some 18th-century authors used skolnieks in the past to mean “teacher” (now skolotājs), but this usage never became popular. Also in the current sense of “schoolboy,” it is attested from the 18th century on, in parallel with its synonym skolēns, having mostly replaced in this sense earlier expressions like skolas bērns (lit. “school child”) and māceklis (nowadays “apprentice”).

Pavlovam nekad netrūka skolnieku: viņa mazo laboratoriju apmeklēja ārsti, kas interesējās par fizioloģiju... daudzi no viņa skolniekiem pēc tam kļuva ievērojami fiziologi vai ārsti

Pavlov never lacked students: doctors who were interested in physiology came to his small laboratory... many of his students later became notable physilogists or (medical) doctors

J. G. Mītels bija viens no pēdējiem J. S. Baha skolniekiem Leipcigā, mācījās pie viņa kompozīciju, klavieru un ērģeļu spēli

J. G. Mietel was one of J. S. Bach's last students in Leipzig, he studied composition, piano and organ with him (= with J. S. Bach)

student (person who studies something, especially with a famous teacher)


cimds

cimds (nominative singular)
cimdi (nominative plural)
cimda (genitive singular)
cimdu (genitive plural)
cimdam (dative singular)
cimdiem (dative plural)
cimdu (accusative singular)
cimdus (accusative plural)
cimdu (instrumental singular)
cimdiem (instrumental plural)
cimdā (locative singular)
cimdos (locative plural)
cimd (singular vocative)
cimdi (plural vocative)

From Proto-Baltic *kimdas (possibly conserved for a while in Lithuanian, but later lost), an old word, widely borrowed into Baltic-Finnic languages: compare Finnish kinnas (genitive kintaan), Estonian kinnas (genitive kinda), Veps kindas, kindaz, Livonian kindas, k'indaz. Some researchers derive *kimdas from an old Proto-Baltic verb *kimti (“to press, to shove, to thrust”), from Proto-Baltic *kim-, from the zero grade *km̥- of Proto-Indo-European *kem- (“to press together; to hinder, to hamper”); the original meaning of cimds would be, in this case, “that in which one shoves one's hands,” or “that which presses one's hands.” Others, however, derive cimds from Proto-Baltic *šim- (with the expected Latvian reflex *sim- changing to *cim- via original or dialectal variation, as with, e.g., saukt : kaukt), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱem- (“to cover”) (whence German Hemd). It is possible that Proto-Indo-European *kem- and *ḱem- were variants of a single stem, with differentiated semantics.

der

labās rokas cimds

kreisās rokas cimds

cimdu pāris

pirkstaini, dūraini cimdi

tamborēti cimdi

kaprona, gumija cimdi

boksa cimdi

darba cimdi

garie cimdi

long gloves (to the elbow; worn by women)

ķirurģiskie cimdi

cimda pirksts

uzvilkt, novilkt cimdus

adīt cimdus

glove (item of clothing that covers one's hands)


sekss

sekss (nominative singular)
seksi (nominative plural)
seksa (genitive singular)
seksu (genitive plural)
seksam (dative singular)
seksiem (dative plural)
seksu (accusative singular)
seksus (accusative plural)
seksu (instrumental singular)
seksiem (instrumental plural)
seksā (locative singular)
seksos (locative plural)
seks (singular vocative)
seksi (plural vocative)

Via other European languages, ultimately borrowed from Latin sexus (“sex, gender”).

seksa fiziskās izpausmes

seksa horoskops

cik bieži latviešu sievietēm ir sekss?

sekss kļuvis par izpētes, ārstēšanas priekšmetu

sex has become an object of research and (medical) treatment

sexual intercourse
sexual intercourse#English

(usually singular) sex (sexual intercourse, sexual activity)


krēsls

krēsls (nominative singular)
krēsli (nominative plural)
krēsla (genitive singular)
krēslu (genitive plural)
krēslam (dative singular)
krēsliem (dative plural)
krēslu (accusative singular)
krēslus (accusative plural)
krēslu (instrumental singular)
krēsliem (instrumental plural)
krēslā (locative singular)
krēslos (locative plural)
krēsl (singular vocative)
krēsli (plural vocative)

Some researchers consider this word borrowed from Slavic, where a possible Proto-Slavic *krěslo could be related to *krosno (“loom, weaving frame”), the rectangular form of which is reminiscent of chairs. Other researchers, pointing out that this would not explain the number of cognate formations in Baltic (e.g., dialectal Latvian kreslis (“removable sleigh backrest”), kreša (“little bench”), dialectal Lithuanian krãsė, kresė̃ (“chair”), krẽstas (“bench”)), suggest a Proto-Balto-Slavic *kréˀsla, from an earlier *kréˀslan, from Proto-Indo-European *kreh₁s-lo-m.
If not a borrowing, krēsls could come (via Proto-Baltic *krēs- with an extra l) from the same stem as the verb krest (“to shake”), older meaning “to braid, to weave” (for a link between the notions of “shaking” and “weaving,” see Old Norse hrista (“to shake”), Middle Low German risten (“to braid, to weave”)): Proto-Indo-European *kert-, *kret-, from *(s)ker- (“to turn, to bend”). The original meaning would then have been “woven object” (folk songs suggest that earlier chairs were indeed made by weaving wickers).
Cognates include Lithuanian krė́slas (“chair; chair with backrest; armchair”), Old Prussian creslan (“chair with backrest”), Russian кре́сло (kréslo, “armchair”), Bulgarian кресло́ (kresló, “armchair”), Czech křeslo (“armchair”), Polish krzesło (“chair”).

cog

pīts krēsls

meldru krēsls

grozāmais krēsls

saliekamais krēsls

atpūtas krēsls

atzveltnes krēsls

chair with a large backrest (lit. backrest chair)

goda krēsls

honor chair (where the honor guest will sit)

stomatoloģiskais krēsls

elektriskais krēsls

electric chair (for executing criminals)

bikts krēsls

Svētais Krēsls

Holy See (lit. Holy Chair, which the Pope sits on)

māte atkrita krēslā un aizsedza vaigu ar priekšautu

mother fell into the chair and hid her face in (her) apron

Andrejs un Milda lēni atlaidās mīkstajos krēslos, lai gan sēdēt nemaz negribējās

Andrejs and Milda slowly sat down on the soft (arm)chairs, though they did not feel at all like sitting

chair (piece of furniture for sitting, consisting of a backrest and a single seat mounted on several, usually four, feet)

jumta krēsls

(construction) a structure of beams that supports the rafters and the roof of a house; roof truss


sieva

sieva (nominative singular)
sievas (nominative plural)
sievas (genitive singular)
sievu (genitive plural)
sievai (dative singular)
sievām (dative plural)
sievu (accusative singular)
sievas (accusative plural)
sievu (instrumental singular)
sievām (instrumental plural)
sievā (locative singular)
sievās (locative plural)
sieva (singular vocative)
sievas (plural vocative)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *śéiwāˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱéy-wos, from *ḱey- (“be located; camp, settlement; friendly; from the same home”) with a suffix -wā (from the same stem also Latvian saime (“household”)). The semantic change seems to have been “friendly settlement or household member” > “woman”. Cognate with Sanskrit शेव (śéva, “dear, friendly, honored”), Gothic 𐌷𐌴𐌹𐍅𐌰-𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌿𐌾𐌰 (heiwa-frauja, “master of the house”), Old High German hiwa (“wife”), hi(w)o (“spouse; servant”), Latin civis (“citizen”) (previously “household member”, “villager”). As Latvian sieva gradually shifted its basic meaning to “wife”, a new term sieviete (“woman”) was coined (in the 19th century).

𐌷𐌴𐌹𐍅𐌰-𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌿𐌾𐌰

vīrs un sieva

nolūkot sievu

ņemt, apņemt sievu

sievas vecāki

viņa jau divus gadus ir sieva

viņam nav sievas

wife (married woman; woman with respect to her husband)


ārs

ārs (nominative singular)
āra (genitive singular)
āram (dative singular)
āru (accusative singular)
āru (instrumental singular)
ārā (locative singular)
ār (singular vocative)

From Proto-Indo-European *ar-, *arə- (“to plow”) (compare Latvian art), whence also the lexicalized variant āre (“open space; cultivated land”) and the verb art (“to plough”).
The adverb ārā (“outside”) is the corresponding locative case form; in 16th- and 17th-century sources an old illative form āran is also used. The original meaning of ārs was thus “ploughed, tilled field.” Cognates include Lithuanian óras (“air; outside; sky; weather”), Hittite [Term?] (/arẖa/, “region, coast; away, outside”), [Term?] (/arẖi-/, “in a plain, in a glade, outside”), Lydian 𐤠𐤠𐤭𐤠 (aara, “fence, fenced area, rural property”), Albanian arë (“field”).

āros māsa uzaugusi, / aizved purva maliņā

(my) sister grew up in the open, / taken away to the edge of the swamp

lūk, zeme zied; viens kūpošs ziedu ārs

look! the earth is blooming; one hazy field of flowers!

(poetic) open space, open, outdoors; cultivated land, fields


ārs

ārs (nominative singular)
āri (nominative plural)
āra (genitive singular)
āru (genitive plural)
āram (dative singular)
āriem (dative plural)
āru (accusative singular)
ārus (accusative plural)
āru (instrumental singular)
āriem (instrumental plural)
ārā (locative singular)
āros (locative plural)
ār (singular vocative)
āri (plural vocative)

Via some other European language, ultimately from French are, formed on the basis of Latin ārea (“open space”) as a (rarely used) SI unit.

netālu no Hjerkinnas (Norvēģijā) es dzelzceļa malā redzēju līdumu, 10 vai 15 āru platībā

not far from Hjerkinna (in Norway) I saw a clearing at the side of a railway, in area about 10 or 15 ares

are (SI unit of area, equivalent to 100 square meters)


itālis

lv-noun

itālis m (2nd declension, feminine form: itāliete)

itāliete (feminine)
itālis (nominative singular)
itāļi (nominative plural)
itāļa (genitive singular)
itāļu (genitive plural)
itālim (dative singular)
itāļiem (dative plural)
itāli (accusative singular)
itāļus (accusative plural)
itāli (instrumental singular)
itāļiem (instrumental plural)
itālī (locative singular)
itāļos (locative plural)
itāli (singular vocative)
itāļi (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Latin italus, itself possibly a borrowing from Oscan 𐌅𐌝𐌕𐌄𐌋𐌉𐌞 (víteliú), a name for the southwestern tip of the boot of Italy (today's Calabria), possibly a cognate of Latin vitulus (“calf”), meaning perhaps “land of cattle.” Other theories include the name of an ancient or legendary leader Italus, or also an old borrowing from Illyrian.

(usually in the plural) itāļi, the Italic peoples

Italic; a member of the ancient Italic peoples of primitive Italy


nominatīvs

nominatīvs (nominative singular)
nominatīva (genitive singular)
nominatīvam (dative singular)
nominatīvu (accusative singular)
nominatīvu (instrumental singular)
nominatīvā (locative singular)
nominatīv (singular vocative)

Via other European languages, ultimately from Latin nōminātīvus.


akuzatīvs

akuzatīvs (nominative singular)
akuzatīva (genitive singular)
akuzatīvam (dative singular)
akuzatīvu (accusative singular)
akuzatīvu (instrumental singular)
akuzatīvā (locative singular)
akuzatīv (singular vocative)

Via other European languages, ultimately borrowed from Latin accūsātīvus.

akuzatīvs atbild uz jautājumu “ko?”

the accusative answers the question 'whom?'

grammatical case
grammatical case#English

(grammar) accusative case (the grammatical case that marks the direct object)


ģenitīvs

ģenitīvs (nominative singular)
ģenitīva (genitive singular)
ģenitīvam (dative singular)
ģenitīvu (accusative singular)
ģenitīvu (instrumental singular)
ģenitīvā (locative singular)
ģenitīv (singular vocative)

Via other European languages, ultimately borrowed from Latin genitīvus.


datīvs

datīvs (nominative singular)
datīva (genitive singular)
datīvam (dative singular)
datīvu (accusative singular)
datīvu (instrumental singular)
datīvā (locative singular)
datīv (singular vocative)

Via other European languages, ultimately borrowed from Latin datīvus.


instrumentālis

instrumentālis (nominative singular)
instrumentāļa (genitive singular)
instrumentālim (dative singular)
instrumentāli (accusative singular)
instrumentāli (instrumental singular)
instrumentālī (locative singular)
instrumentāli (singular vocative)

Via other European languages, ultimately borrowed from Latin instrumentālis.


lokatīvs

lokatīvs (nominative singular)
lokatīva (genitive singular)
lokatīvam (dative singular)
lokatīvu (accusative singular)
lokatīvu (instrumental singular)
lokatīvā (locative singular)
lokatīv (singular vocative)

Via other European languages, ultimately borrowed from Latin locātīvus.


vokatīvs

vokatīvs (nominative singular)
vokatīva (genitive singular)
vokatīvam (dative singular)
vokatīvu (accusative singular)
vokatīvu (instrumental singular)
vokatīvā (locative singular)
vokatīv (singular vocative)

Via other European languages, ultimately borrowed from Latin vocātīvus.


vienskaitlis

vienskaitlis (nominative singular)
vienskaitļa (genitive singular)
vienskaitlim (dative singular)
vienskaitli (accusative singular)
vienskaitli (instrumental singular)
vienskaitlī (locative singular)
vienskaitli (singular vocative)

From vien + skaitlis, a calque of German Einzahl.

Lietvārdi var būt locīti gan vienskaitlī, gan daudzskaitlī.

Nouns can be inflected both in the singular and in the plural.


daudzskaitlis

daudzskaitlis (nominative singular)
daudzskaitļa (genitive singular)
daudzskaitlim (dative singular)
daudzskaitli (accusative singular)
daudzskaitli (instrumental singular)
daudzskaitlī (locative singular)
daudzskaitli (singular vocative)

From daudz + skaitlis, a calque of German Mehrzahl.


tirgus

tirgus (nominative singular)
tirgi (nominative plural)
tirgus (genitive singular)
tirgu (genitive plural)
tirgum (dative singular)
tirgiem (dative plural)
tirgu (accusative singular)
tirgus (accusative plural)
tirgu (instrumental singular)
tirgiem (instrumental plural)
tirgū (locative singular)
tirgos (locative plural)
tirgus (singular vocative)
tirgi (plural vocative)

Some consider this word borrowed from Old East Slavic търгъ (tŭrgŭ, “market, commerce”), which agrees with the u in Lithuanian (and Latvian dialectal) tur̃gus, but not with the i in standard tirgus. Others propose that it is the natural development of Proto-Baltic *terg-, *tirg-, from Proto-Indo-European *ter-, *tor-, *tr̥- (“to make noise, to talk a lot”) (whence Latvian tērzēt, tirzāt (“to chat, to chatter”), q.v.) with an extra -g (whence also Latvian tērgot, tērgāt (“to chat, to chatter”), where the long ē is secondary; q.v.). The semantic evolution would be, in this case: “much (loud) talking” > “noise, bustle” (still currently attested; see below) > “(place where there is) much noise, bustle” > “place where people meet, village square, market.” In the 18th and 19th centuries, the meaning “price” is also attested. Cognates include Lithuanian tur̃gus, Proto-Slavic *tъrgъ (Old Church Slavonic тръгъ (trŭgŭ, “people gathering, market, marketplace”), Old East Slavic търгъ (tŭrgŭ), торгъ (torgŭ, “market, commerce”), Russian, Ukrainian торг (torg, “commerce; (arch.) market; (pl.) auction”), Bulgarian търг (tǎrg, “auction; commerce”), Czech trh (“market”), Polish targ (“market”)), Old Norse, Icelandic, Swedish torg (“market, marketplace”), Danish torv (“market, marketplace”), Albanian treg (“market”).

cog

tirgus laukums

tirgus burzma

rudens tirgus

zivju tirgus

puķu tirgus

tirgus cena

tirgus soma

iepirkties tirgū

vest uz tirgu ābolus

gada tirgus, gadatirgus

nedeļas tirgus

tirgus sieva

market woman (i.e., who trades in a market)

krāmu tirgus

flea market (where common, used objects are sold)

melnais tirgus

market, marketplace (a square, a building, a space, where agricultural and/or industrial goods are sold and bought; the kind of buying and selling that takes place in such a place)

iekšējais, vietējais, ārējais tirgus

starptautiskais tirgus

naftas tirgus

brīvais tirgus

brīvā tirgus ekonomika

tirgus attiecības

pasaules tirgus

the world market (= international trade system)

market (system of trading; trade processes, relations)


japānis

lv-noun

japānis m (2nd declension, feminine form: japāniete)

japāniete (feminine)
japānis (nominative singular)
japāņi (nominative plural)
japāņa (genitive singular)
japāņu (genitive plural)
japānim (dative singular)
japāņiem (dative plural)
japāni (accusative singular)
japāņus (accusative plural)
japāni (instrumental singular)
japāņiem (instrumental plural)
japānī (locative singular)
japāņos (locative plural)
japāni (singular vocative)
japāņi (plural vocative)

From the same source as Japāna (“Japan”), made into a masculine 2nd-declension noun.

japāņu valoda

japāņu māksla

japāņu porcelāns

(genitive plural) Japanese; pertaining to Japan and its people


sīpols

sīpols (nominative singular)
sīpoli (nominative plural)
sīpola (genitive singular)
sīpolu (genitive plural)
sīpolam (dative singular)
sīpoliem (dative plural)
sīpolu (accusative singular)
sīpolus (accusative plural)
sīpolu (instrumental singular)
sīpoliem (instrumental plural)
sīpolā (locative singular)
sīpolos (locative plural)
sīpol (singular vocative)
sīpoli (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Middle Dutch sipol (cf. Middle Low German sipolle, German Zwiebel), itself a borrowing from Italian cipollo, from Latin cīpulla, cepulla, the diminutive form of cēpa, of uncertain origin (perhaps a borrowing from an unattested Ancient Greek word.)

dārzā sīpols

ziemas sīpols

vasaras sīpols

krūmāju sīpols

jūras sīpols

sīpolu ziedi

sīpoli un ķiploki ir plaši pazīstami garšaugi, tos lieto ārstniecībā kopš seniem laikiem

onion and garlic are well-known herbs, they have been used in medicine sindnce ancient times

onion (herbaceous plant, sp. Allium cepa, with succulent tubular or flat leaves and underground edible bulbs)

sīpolu mias, sīpolmizas

sīpolu virtene

pēc garšas īpašībām sīpoli iedalāmi saldajos, pussīvajos un sīvajos sīpolos

by the quality of their taste, onions can be divided into sweet, half-pungent and pungent onions

blakus pavardam kā lielas dzintara krelles karājās sīpolu virtenes

next to the fireplace, like big amber beads, (there) hung strings of onions

onion (the bulb of this plant, used in cooking)

gladiolu, tulpju sīpols

ķiplokam ir salikts sīpols, kas sastāv no vairākiem patstāvīgiem sīpoliem, un katra nolauztā ķiploka daiva izveido jaunu augu

garlic has a compound bulb which consists of several independent bulbs, and every clove of garlic that breaks off originates a new plant

(botany) bulb (a modification of the stem and shriveled leaves of certain plants, among which onions, which accumulates nutrients)

mati nosirmo kad mata sīpolā attiecīgs iecirknis pārstāj ražot pigmentu

hairs become gray when the respective region of the hair follicle stops producing pigment

ir dažādas metodes lieko matu likvidēšanai, taču visām ir būtisks trūkums: tās neiznīcina mata sīpolu

there are various methods to eliminate excess hair, but they all have an essential flaw: they do not destroy the hair follicle

(anatomy) follicle (part of the hair situated under the skin)


veikals

veikals (nominative singular)
veikali (nominative plural)
veikala (genitive singular)
veikalu (genitive plural)
veikalam (dative singular)
veikaliem (dative plural)
veikalu (accusative singular)
veikalus (accusative plural)
veikalu (instrumental singular)
veikaliem (instrumental plural)
veikalā (locative singular)
veikalos (locative plural)
veikal (singular vocative)
veikali (plural vocative)

Coined by Juris Alunāns in the 1850s, on the basis of Lithuanian veĩkalas (“work, activity”) (ultimately from the same source as the Latvian verb veikt “to carry out, to accomplish”, q.v.), with the meaning “activity, undertaking, business”. The word existed independently at that time (recorded in 1858), borrowed from Lithuanian [Term?] in Southern Latgale dialects. After being introduced into the written language, it soon changed its meaning ("veikals, in German Unternehmen, in Russian подря́д (podrjád), work which one carries out with the help of hired workmen"; 1863). A. Kronvalds used veikals in the sense of "business". The current meaning ("shop") appeared at the end of the 19th century and became quickly dominant.

maizes veikals

grāmatu veikals

dāvanu veikals

pārtikas veikals

pašapkalpošanās veikals

veikala skatlogs

veikala īpašnieks

veikala vadītājs

iepirkties veikalā

es aizgāju uz veikalu, kas atradās blakus kantorim

I went to the shop that was next to the office

shop, store (a commercial enterprise; its specific location, where goods are sold)

izdevīgs veikals

taisīt labu veikalu

arī šādu veikalu Nagainis uzskatīja par izdevīgu

also such a deal Nagainis considered profitable

blakus zemkopībai Slaucējs nodevās arī, lai gan reti, ar naudas veikaliem un nekaunējās ņemt desmit, divpadsmit un pat vairāk rubļu no simta

besides farming, Slaucējs also, albeit rarely, indulged in financial activities (= lending money), and was not ashamed of taking ten, twelve or even more rubles to every hundred

commercial or financial activity, transaction


seksualitāte

seksualitāte (nominative singular)
seksualitātes (genitive singular)
seksualitātei (dative singular)
seksualitāti (accusative singular)
seksualitāti (instrumental singular)
seksualitātē (locative singular)
seksualitāte (singular vocative)

From seksuāls (“sexual”) + -itāte (with seksuāls from sekss (“sex”) + -āls). Probably not formed as such in Latvian, but borrowed and adapted from another European language.


gejs

gejs (nominative singular)
geji (nominative plural)
geja (genitive singular)
geju (genitive plural)
gejam (dative singular)
gejiem (dative plural)
geju (accusative singular)
gejus (accusative plural)
geju (instrumental singular)
gejiem (instrumental plural)
gejā (locative singular)
gejos (locative plural)
gej (singular vocative)
geji (plural vocative)


salāts

salāts (nominative singular)
salāti (nominative plural)
salāta (genitive singular)
salātu (genitive plural)
salātam (dative singular)
salātiem (dative plural)
salātu (accusative singular)
salātus (accusative plural)
salātu (instrumental singular)
salātiem (instrumental plural)
salātā (locative singular)
salātos (locative plural)
salāt (singular vocative)
salāti (plural vocative)

Via other European languages (cf. French salade, German Salat, Russian сала́т (salát)), ultimately a borrowing from Vulgar Latin salāta, from saliō (“to salt”), from sal (“salt”), apparently initially a reference to the sauce (e.g., “salted vegetables”).

dārzeņu, biešu, burkānu salāti

augļu salāti

sēņu salāti

gaļas salāti

salātu trauks

izmērcētas pupiņas novāra, gurķus sarīvē skaidās, tomātus sagriež šķēlītēs, lokus sīki sasmalcina... visas salātu sastāvdaļas samaisa...

one cooks the seasoned beans, one cuts the cucumbers into slivers, the tomatoes into slices, the chive into small pieces... all (these) salad ingredients are (then) mixed...

aukstajā galdā dažādus salātus pasniedz kā papildinājumu gaļas un zivju ēdieniem

in a cold table (= table with cold foods), some kinds of salads are served as complement to meat and fish dishes

(usually plural) salad (food consisting of fresh or cooked vegetables, perhaps with meat or fish, all cut together and served with sauce, oil, or vinegar)


pipars

pipars (nominative singular)
pipari (nominative plural)
pipara (genitive singular)
piparu (genitive plural)
piparam (dative singular)
pipariem (dative plural)
piparu (accusative singular)
piparus (accusative plural)
piparu (instrumental singular)
pipariem (instrumental plural)
piparā (locative singular)
piparos (locative plural)
pipar (singular vocative)
pipari (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Old Norse pipari, or maybe from Old Swedish pipar (whence also Finnish pippuri, dialectal pipari, Estonian pipar), itself a borrowing from Latin piper, also a borrowing from Ancient Greek πέπερι (péperi), ultimately from Sanskrit पिप्पलि (pippali, “long pepper”) (via Iranian), apparently also borrowed from some non-Indo-European language. In Latvian, pipari is an old borrowing, already found in 15th- and 16th-century family and house names. In 17th- and 18th-century dictionaries, German-influenced variants (pipere, piperis; cf. Low German peper) were found; the form pipari appeared in the 18th century, and became dominant in the 19th century.

der

melnais pipars ir daudzgadīgs kāpelētājaugs ar tievu, lokanu stumbru, kura garums var sasniegt pat 10-12 metrus

the black pepper is a perennial creeper (plant) with a thin, flexible stem, the length of which can reach even 10-12 meters

pepper (plants of the families Piperaceae (genus Piper and others) and Solanaceae (genus Capsicum), with spicy fruits used as condiments)


vēlēšanas

vēlēšana (nominative singular)
vēlēšanas (nominative plural)
vēlēšanas (genitive singular)
vēlēšanu (genitive plural)
vēlēšanai (dative singular)
vēlēšanām (dative plural)
vēlēšanu (accusative singular)
vēlēšanas (accusative plural)
vēlēšanu (instrumental singular)
vēlēšanām (instrumental plural)
vēlēšanā (locative singular)
vēlēšanās (locative plural)
vēlēšana (singular vocative)
vēlēšanas (plural vocative)

From vēlēt (“to vote”) + -šana, plural form.


acs

acs (nominative singular)
acis (nominative plural)
acs (genitive singular)
acu (genitive plural)
acij (dative singular)
acīm (dative plural)
aci (accusative singular)
acis (accusative plural)
aci (instrumental singular)
acīm (instrumental plural)
acī (locative singular)
acīs (locative plural)
acs (singular vocative)
acis (plural vocative)

From Proto-Baltic (perhaps Proto-Balto-Slavic) *ak-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃okʷ-, *h₃ekʷ- (“eye; to see”). Cognates include Lithuanian akìs, Old Prussian ackis (plural), Proto-Slavic *oko (“eye”) (Old Church Slavonic око (oko), Russian, Ukrainian о́ко (óko), Bulgarian око́ (okó), Czech, Polish oko), Proto-Germanic *ago (> *augô under the influence of *ausô (“ear”); Gothic 𐌰𐌿𐌲𐍉 (augō), German Auge, Dutch oog, English eye), Sanskrit अक्षि (ákṣi), Armenian ակն (akn), Ancient Greek ὤψ (ṓps, “eye, face”), Latin oculus.

zilas, brūnas, melnas acis

lielas, mazas acis

šauras, šķības acis

acu vāki (= plakstiņi)

dzīvas, skumjas acis

viltīgas acis

acu pilienis

atvērt, aizvērt acis

mirkšķināt acis

acis kā vanagam, kaķim

eyes like a hawk's, a cat's (= good vision)

pievērst acis gleznai

vision, capacity to see, field of vision, attention

dūzim ir vienpadsmit acu

(card games) value unit (when playing cards)


bārene

lv-noun

bārene f (5th declension, masculine form: bārenis)

bārenis (masculine)
bārene (nominative singular)
bārenes (nominative plural)
bārenes (genitive singular)
bāreņu (genitive plural)
bārenei (dative singular)
bārenēm (dative plural)
bāreni (accusative singular)
bārenes (accusative plural)
bāreni (instrumental singular)
bārenēm (instrumental plural)
bārenē (locative singular)
bārenēs (locative plural)
bārene (singular vocative)
bārenes (plural vocative)

esmu bārene: man nav ne mātes, ne tēva

I am an orphan: I have neither mother nor father

Luzei ir gādīga māte un krietni radi, bet Karlīne ir bārene

Luze has a caring mother and good relatives, while Karlīne is an orphan

(female) orphan (a girl who has lost one or both parents)


kārpa

kārpa (nominative singular)
kārpas (nominative plural)
kārpas (genitive singular)
kārpu (genitive plural)
kārpai (dative singular)
kārpām (dative plural)
kārpu (accusative singular)
kārpas (accusative plural)
kārpu (instrumental singular)
kārpām (instrumental plural)
kārpā (locative singular)
kārpās (locative plural)
kārpa (singular vocative)
kārpas (plural vocative)


džihāds

džihāds (nominative singular)
džihādi (nominative plural)
džihāda (genitive singular)
džihādu (genitive plural)
džihādam (dative singular)
džihādiem (dative plural)
džihādu (accusative singular)
džihādus (accusative plural)
džihādu (instrumental singular)
džihādiem (instrumental plural)
džihādā (locative singular)
džihādos (locative plural)
džihād (singular vocative)
džihādi (plural vocative)


drudzis

drudzis (nominative singular)
drudži (nominative plural)
drudža (genitive singular)
drudžu (genitive plural)
drudzim (dative singular)
drudžiem (dative plural)
drudzi (accusative singular)
drudžus (accusative plural)
drudzi (instrumental singular)
drudžiem (instrumental plural)
drudzī (locative singular)
drudžos (locative plural)
drudzi (singular vocative)
drudži (plural vocative)


brīvība

brīvība (nominative singular)
brīvības (nominative plural)
brīvības (genitive singular)
brīvību (genitive plural)
brīvībai (dative singular)
brīvībām (dative plural)
brīvību (accusative singular)
brīvības (accusative plural)
brīvību (instrumental singular)
brīvībām (instrumental plural)
brīvībā (locative singular)
brīvībās (locative plural)
brīvība (singular vocative)
brīvības (plural vocative)

From brīvs (“free”) + -ība. First attested in the late 18th, early 19th century with the meaning (legally, juridically given) “permission,” “privilege.”

personas brīvība

demokrātiskās brīvības

vārda, preses, sirdsapziņas brīvība

freedom of speech, of press, of conscience

sapulču brīvība

koloniālo tautu brīvības cīņas

(political science, politics) freedom, liberty (situation in which there is no political, social, economical, juridical) subordination, dependence)

brīvība un nepieciešamība

(philosophy) freedom (the capacity to realize and express one's will, in accordance with the laws of nature)


kāja

kāja (nominative singular)
kājas (nominative plural)
kājas (genitive singular)
kāju (genitive plural)
kājai (dative singular)
kājām (dative plural)
kāju (accusative singular)
kājas (accusative plural)
kāju (instrumental singular)
kājām (instrumental plural)
kājā (locative singular)
kājās (locative plural)
kāja (singular vocative)
kājas (plural vocative)

From Proto-Baltic *kāy-a, from Proto-Indo-European *kāi-, a stem of unclear origin. It is possible that the initial *k is an irregular reflex of an earlier *gʷ, in which case Latvian kāja and its cognates might be derived from Proto-Indo-European *gʷā- (“to come, to go”); compare Latvian kāja : gāja (“he went”) with Sanskrit कायः (kā́yaḥ, “body, flesh”) : गयः (gājaḥ, “gait, motion”). Another hypothesis suggests a connection between Latvian kāja and Ancient Greek κίω (kíō, “to go”), κινέω (kinéō, “to move, too put in motion”), Latin cieō (“to move”). Cognate include Lithuanian koja, Sudovian kaj ([kāj(a)]), Sanskrit कायः (kā́yaḥ, “body, flesh”).

cog

spēcīgas, slaidas kājas

plata, maza kāja

kāju pirksti

aut kājas

to put shoes on (lit. to shoe (one's) leg/foot)

atputināt kājas

lēkāt uz vienas kājas

kāju slauķis, kājslauķis

koka kāja

no galvas līdz kājām

viņam veiklas, vieglas kājas

he has agile, light legs (he walks easily)

spēlēt futbolu bez kāju sargiem ir diezgan bīstami

to play football/soccer without leg protection is quite dangerous

Juris kādu rītu uzāva kājās garos, melnos zābakus

every morning, Juris put long, black boots on (his feet)

mežā pavisam tumšs... mēs ar Ati ejam lēni, taustīdamies, kājas augstu celdami

in the forest it was dark... Atis and I walked slowly, gropingly, lifting (our) legs high

(anatomy) leg, foot (people's lower limb, organ of support and locomotion)

zirga kāja

dzērves kāja

zirneklis ar garām kājām

(anatomy) leg, foot (corresponding organ in animals)


iela

iela (nominative singular)
ielas (nominative plural)
ielas (genitive singular)
ielu (genitive plural)
ielai (dative singular)
ielām (dative plural)
ielu (accusative singular)
ielas (accusative plural)
ielu (instrumental singular)
ielām (instrumental plural)
ielā (locative singular)
ielās (locative plural)
iela (singular vocative)
ielas (plural vocative)

Derived from the verb iet (“to go”) (q.v.). Cognates include Lithuanian eilė̃ (“line, row, layer, order”), dialectal eilà.

asfaltēta iela

bruģēta iela

smilšaina iela

taisna, līkumota iela

plata, šaura iela

klusa, troksnaina, dzīva iela

pilsētas galvenās iela

ielas drūzma

ielu krustojums

ielu apgaismojums

ielu dzelzceļš

staigāt pa ielām

iet pāri ielai

demonstranti iziet ielās

ielas šķērso dzelzceļa līniju

tas ir kiosks pie pilsētas dārza, kur šķērsojas ielas un kustība diezgan dzīva

it is a kiosk (newsstand) at the city garden, where the streets cross and the movement (of passers-by) is quite lively

taures kliedza un dzina no ielas prom uz trotuāra ikvienu, kas būtu mēģinājis pārkļūt uz otru pusi

the horns were yelling and driving away from the street and onto the sidewalk anyone who might try to cross to the other side

street, road (a traffic lane in cities or other populated areas)


miesnieks

lv-noun

miesnieks m (1st declension, feminine form: miesniece)

miesniece (feminine)
miesnieks (nominative singular)
miesnieki (nominative plural)
miesnieka (genitive singular)
miesnieku (genitive plural)
miesniekam (dative singular)
miesniekiem (dative plural)
miesnieku (accusative singular)
miesniekus (accusative plural)
miesnieku (instrumental singular)
miesniekiem (instrumental plural)
miesniekā (locative singular)
miesniekos (locative plural)
miesniek (singular vocative)
miesnieki (plural vocative)


rakstnieks

rakstnieks m (1st declension, feminine form: rakstniece)

rakstniece (feminine)
rakstnieks (nominative singular)
rakstnieki (nominative plural)
rakstnieka (genitive singular)
rakstnieku (genitive plural)
rakstniekam (dative singular)
rakstniekiem (dative plural)
rakstnieku (accusative singular)
rakstniekus (accusative plural)
rakstnieku (instrumental singular)
rakstniekiem (instrumental plural)
rakstniekā (locative singular)
rakstniekos (locative plural)
rakstniek (singular vocative)
rakstnieki (plural vocative)

Coined by Juris Alunāns, from raksts (“writing”) + -nieks, in the 1850s.


miesa

miesa (nominative singular)
miesas (nominative plural)
miesas (genitive singular)
miesu (genitive plural)
miesai (dative singular)
miesām (dative plural)
miesu (accusative singular)
miesas (accusative plural)
miesu (instrumental singular)
miesām (instrumental plural)
miesā (locative singular)
miesās (locative plural)
miesa (singular vocative)
miesas (plural vocative)

From *mēnsā́ˀ, the plural of Proto-Balto-Slavic *mḗns, from Proto-Indo-European *mḗms.
This stem has variants (*mē- > *mei-; cf. maiss) and may have originally been the name of some animal species (cf. *moysós (“sheep”), and secondarily also the source of words for its meat, skin, or limbs. Semantically, miesa became restricted to “flesh” while its synonym gaļa (q.v.) became “meat,” but its original wider meaning can still be seen in the derived term miesnieks (“butcher”).

lode skārusi miesu

stingra, raupja miesa

pieņemties miesās

to increase in the flesh (= to become fatter)

kristies miesās

to fall in the flesh (= to become thinner)

mātes miesās

in the mother's womb (lit. flesh, i.e., not yet born)

miesas uzbūve

miesas krāsa

miesas bojājums

miesas kārība, miesaskārība

(anatomy) flesh, muscle and fat tissue of a human or animal body


balss

balss (nominative singular)
balsis (nominative plural)
balss (genitive singular)
balsu (genitive plural)
balsij (dative singular)
balsīm (dative plural)
balsi (accusative singular)
balsis (accusative plural)
balsi (instrumental singular)
balsīm (instrumental plural)
balsī (locative singular)
balsīs (locative plural)
balss (singular vocative)
balsis (plural vocative)

From Proto-Baltic *balsas, from the o-grade of Proto-Indo-European *bʰel-, *bʰol- (“to sound, to speak, to roar, to bark”), with an extra suffix -so (*bʰol-so-s). Cognates include Lithuanian bal̃sas, Russian болтать (boltatʹ, “to chat, to chatter”), dialectal балдить (balditʹ, “to often repeat the same thing”), Old High German bellan, German bellen (“to bark”), Middle Low German bulderen, German poltern (“to rumble; to speak loud”).

cog

spēcīga balss

balss trīc, dreb

balss tembrs, spēks, augstums

balss aparāts

balss saites

lasīt balsī

to read out loud (lit. to read in voice)

pacelt, raudāt balsi

respiratory tract
respiratory tract#English

(anatomy) voice (sound produced by the human respiratory tract for speaking, singing, etc.)


cūkas

“cūkas” jeb “duraki” ir kāršu spēle, kuras mērķis ir atbrīvoties no rokās esošajām kārtīm

“pigs,” or “fools,” is a card game whose objective it is to get rid of all the cards in one's hands

(colloquial) the name of a certain card game


jūrnieks

lv-noun

jūrnieks m (1st declension, feminine form: jūrniece)

jūrniece (feminine)
jūrnieks (nominative singular)
jūrnieki (nominative plural)
jūrnieka (genitive singular)
jūrnieku (genitive plural)
jūrniekam (dative singular)
jūrniekiem (dative plural)
jūrnieku (accusative singular)
jūrniekus (accusative plural)
jūrnieku (instrumental singular)
jūrniekiem (instrumental plural)
jūrniekā (locative singular)
jūrniekos (locative plural)
jūrniek (singular vocative)
jūrnieki (plural vocative)


dārznieks

dārznieks m (1st declension, feminine form: dārzniece)

dārzniece (feminine)
dārznieks (nominative singular)
dārznieki (nominative plural)
dārznieka (genitive singular)
dārznieku (genitive plural)
dārzniekam (dative singular)
dārzniekiem (dative plural)
dārznieku (accusative singular)
dārzniekus (accusative plural)
dārznieku (instrumental singular)
dārzniekiem (instrumental plural)
dārzniekā (locative singular)
dārzniekos (locative plural)
dārzniek (singular vocative)
dārznieki (plural vocative)


valodnieks

valodnieks m (1st declension, feminine form: valodniece)

valodniece (feminine)
valodnieks (nominative singular)
valodnieki (nominative plural)
valodnieka (genitive singular)
valodnieku (genitive plural)
valodniekam (dative singular)
valodniekiem (dative plural)
valodnieku (accusative singular)
valodniekus (accusative plural)
valodnieku (instrumental singular)
valodniekiem (instrumental plural)
valodniekā (locative singular)
valodniekos (locative plural)
valodniek (singular vocative)
valodnieki (plural vocative)


strādnieks

strādnieks m (1st declension, feminine form: strādniece)

strādniece (feminine)
strādnieks (nominative singular)
strādnieki (nominative plural)
strādnieka (genitive singular)
strādnieku (genitive plural)
strādniekam (dative singular)
strādniekiem (dative plural)
strādnieku (accusative singular)
strādniekus (accusative plural)
strādnieku (instrumental singular)
strādniekiem (instrumental plural)
strādniekā (locative singular)
strādniekos (locative plural)
strādniek (singular vocative)
strādnieki (plural vocative)

Probably from strād(āt) (“to work”) + -nieks. It is also possible that it was derived from an older (and still dialectally attested) noun strāda (“harvest time”), probably a borrowing from Russian dialectal страда (strada, “time of heavy (farm) work; heavy (farm) work”). Originally the meaning of strādnieks was “one who works well, hard,” and referred mostly to farm work. The current meaning “worker (in general)” started in the mid-19th century, especially in writings published in the newspaper “Peterburgas Avīze.”

strādnieku šķira

strādnieku meistarības konkurss

strādnieku ciemats

Māra nāca no vienkāršas strādnieku ģimenes

(male) worker, workman (a man, person who, under a contract of employment, works (e.g., in industry), usually directly in contact with the object being produced)


darbinieks

darbinieks m (1st declension, feminine form: darbiniece)

darbiniece (feminine)
darbinieks (nominative singular)
darbinieki (nominative plural)
darbinieka (genitive singular)
darbinieku (genitive plural)
darbiniekam (dative singular)
darbiniekiem (dative plural)
darbinieku (accusative singular)
darbiniekus (accusative plural)
darbinieku (instrumental singular)
darbiniekiem (instrumental plural)
darbiniekā (locative singular)
darbiniekos (locative plural)
darbiniek (singular vocative)
darbinieki (plural vocative)


darbība

darbība (nominative singular)
darbības (nominative plural)
darbības (genitive singular)
darbību (genitive plural)
darbībai (dative singular)
darbībām (dative plural)
darbību (accusative singular)
darbības (accusative plural)
darbību (instrumental singular)
darbībām (instrumental plural)
darbībā (locative singular)
darbībās (locative plural)
darbība (singular vocative)
darbības (plural vocative)


darbības vārds

darbības vārds (nominative singular)
darbības vārdi (nominative plural)
darbības vārda (genitive singular)
darbības vārdu (genitive plural)
darbības vārdam (dative singular)
darbības vārdiem (dative plural)
darbības vārdu (accusative singular)
darbības vārdus (accusative plural)
darbības vārdu (instrumental singular)
darbības vārdiem (instrumental plural)
darbības vārdā (locative singular)
darbības vārdos (locative plural)
darbības vārd (singular vocative)
darbības vārdi (plural vocative)

Literally 'action word', apparently a calque of German Tätigkeitswort coined by Pēteris Abuls in 1902, which soon became the accepted standard instead of previous coinages, such as K. Mīlenbahs' izteiksmes vārds (“expression word”) or laika vārds (“time word”) (compare German Zeitwort), or J. Neikens' 1850 term darīšanas vārds (“making word”).

darbības vārdu locīšana

nenoteiksme (infinitīvs) ir darbības vārda pamatforma

the infinitive is the basic form of a verb

(grammar) verb (a word that indicates an action, event or state; the head of the predicate)


ugunsgrēks

ugunsgrēks (nominative singular)
ugunsgrēki (nominative plural)
ugunsgrēka (genitive singular)
ugunsgrēku (genitive plural)
ugunsgrēkam (dative singular)
ugunsgrēkiem (dative plural)
ugunsgrēku (accusative singular)
ugunsgrēkus (accusative plural)
ugunsgrēku (instrumental singular)
ugunsgrēkiem (instrumental plural)
ugunsgrēkā (locative singular)
ugunsgrēkos (locative plural)
ugunsgrēk (singular vocative)
ugunsgrēki (plural vocative)

From uguns (“fire”) + grēks (“sin”). This is an old compound, already attested in 17th-century dictionaries; at that time, grēks did not have its current religious meaning; rather, it meant "misfortune, calamity, disaster", a meaning still found in folk songs.

ugunsgrēka izcelšanās

meža ugunsgrēks

ugunsgrēka trauksme

ugunsgrēka sekas

dzēst ugunsgrēku

iet bojā ugunsgrēkā

deg kādas mājas, un ugunsgrēks met padebešos savu liesmu atspīdumu

a house was burning, and the fire threw its flaming glare into the clouds


grēks

grēks (nominative singular)
grēki (nominative plural)
grēka (genitive singular)
grēku (genitive plural)
grēkam (dative singular)
grēkiem (dative plural)
grēku (accusative singular)
grēkus (accusative plural)
grēku (instrumental singular)
grēkiem (instrumental plural)
grēkā (locative singular)
grēkos (locative plural)
grēk (singular vocative)
grēki (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Old East Slavic грѣхъ (grěxŭ), from Proto-Slavic *grěxъ.


dzelzs

dzelzs (nominative singular)
dzelzs (genitive singular)
dzelzij (dative singular)
dzelzi (accusative singular)
dzelzi (instrumental singular)
dzelzī (locative singular)
dzelzs (singular vocative)

From Proto-Indo-European *gʰelgʰ- (“iron”) (which was apparently borrowed from Asia Minor). Initially the Latvian reflex was dzelzis, which still exists (as a masculine, 2nd declension, usually plural noun) with the meaning “piece(s) of iron”. Cognates include Lithuanian geležìs, Old Prussian gelso (< *gelzā), Old Church Slavonic желѣзо (želězo), Russian железо (železo), and perhaps Ancient Greek χαλκός (khalkós, “copper, bronze”).

cog

dzelzs rūda

dzelzs ieguve

dzelzs savienojumi

dzelzs korozija

chemical element
chemical element#English


dzimums

dzimums (nominative singular)
dzimumi (nominative plural)
dzimuma (genitive singular)
dzimumu (genitive plural)
dzimumam (dative singular)
dzimumiem (dative plural)
dzimumu (accusative singular)
dzimumus (accusative plural)
dzimumu (instrumental singular)
dzimumiem (instrumental plural)
dzimumā (locative singular)
dzimumos (locative plural)
dzimum (singular vocative)
dzimumi (plural vocative)

From dzimt (“be born”) + -ums. Cognates include Lithuanian gimimas and giminė. Related to ģimene (“family”).


dzimumorgāns

dzimumorgāns (nominative singular)
dzimumorgāni (nominative plural)
dzimumorgāna (genitive singular)
dzimumorgānu (genitive plural)
dzimumorgānam (dative singular)
dzimumorgāniem (dative plural)
dzimumorgānu (accusative singular)
dzimumorgānus (accusative plural)
dzimumorgānu (instrumental singular)
dzimumorgāniem (instrumental plural)
dzimumorgānā (locative singular)
dzimumorgānos (locative plural)
dzimumorgān (singular vocative)
dzimumorgāni (plural vocative)

From dzimums (“sex, gender”) + orgāns (“organ”).


vagīna

vagīna (nominative singular)
vagīnas (nominative plural)
vagīnas (genitive singular)
vagīnu (genitive plural)
vagīnai (dative singular)
vagīnām (dative plural)
vagīnu (accusative singular)
vagīnas (accusative plural)
vagīnu (instrumental singular)
vagīnām (instrumental plural)
vagīnā (locative singular)
vagīnās (locative plural)
vagīna (singular vocative)
vagīnas (plural vocative)


loceklis

loceklis (nominative singular)
locekļi (nominative plural)
locekļa (genitive singular)
locekļu (genitive plural)
loceklim (dative singular)
locekļiem (dative plural)
locekli (accusative singular)
locekļus (accusative plural)
locekli (instrumental singular)
locekļiem (instrumental plural)
loceklī (locative singular)
locekļos (locative plural)
locekli (singular vocative)
locekļi (plural vocative)


dzīve

dzīve (nominative singular)
dzīves (nominative plural)
dzīves (genitive singular)
dzīvju (genitive plural)
dzīvei (dative singular)
dzīvēm (dative plural)
dzīvi (accusative singular)
dzīves (accusative plural)
dzīvi (instrumental singular)
dzīvēm (instrumental plural)
dzīvē (locative singular)
dzīvēs (locative plural)
dzīve (singular vocative)
dzīves (plural vocative)


pekle

pekle (nominative singular)
pekles (nominative plural)
pekles (genitive singular)
pekļu (genitive plural)
peklei (dative singular)
peklēm (dative plural)
pekli (accusative singular)
pekles (accusative plural)
pekli (instrumental singular)
peklēm (instrumental plural)
peklē (locative singular)
peklēs (locative plural)
pekle (singular vocative)
pekles (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Russian пе́кло (péklo, “hell”), dialectal пекл (pekl) (from Old Church Slavonic пькълъ (pĭkŭlŭ, “tar”), from Latin picula (“tar”)). Its ending may also have been influenced by elle. It is first mentioned in 18th-century dictionaries. In some dialects, it also means “abyss.”

cog

tumšs kā peklē


gadalaiks

gadalaiks (nominative singular)
gadalaiki (nominative plural)
gadalaika (genitive singular)
gadalaiku (genitive plural)
gadalaikam (dative singular)
gadalaikiem (dative plural)
gadalaiku (accusative singular)
gadalaikus (accusative plural)
gadalaiku (instrumental singular)
gadalaikiem (instrumental plural)
gadalaikā (locative singular)
gadalaikos (locative plural)
gadalaik (singular vocative)
gadalaiki (plural vocative)

From gada (“year[gen.]”) + laiks (“time”), probably a calque of German Jahreszeit.

silts, auksts gadalaiks

lietains, sauss gadalaiks

klimatiskie gadalaiki

viņa pati bija kā dzimtenes daba ar tās četriem gadalaikiem, kas cits aiz cita mijas

she herself was like (our) homeland nature with its four seasons, which came one after the other

gleznotāja audeklos tēloti gadalaiki... tur ir pavasari un vasaras, tur ir rudeņi un ziemas

in the painter's canvasses the seasons (were) depicted... here are springs and summers, there are autumns and winters

season of the year (i.e., spring, summer, autumn, winter: periods of the year characterized by different average weather conditions)

seasons: četri gadalaiki: pavasaris · vasara · rudens · ziema [edit]


skaitlis

skaitlis (nominative singular)
skaitļi (nominative plural)
skaitļa (genitive singular)
skaitļu (genitive plural)
skaitlim (dative singular)
skaitļiem (dative plural)
skaitli (accusative singular)
skaitļus (accusative plural)
skaitli (instrumental singular)
skaitļiem (instrumental plural)
skaitlī (locative singular)
skaitļos (locative plural)
skaitli (singular vocative)
skaitļi (plural vocative)


īpašības vārds

īpašības vārds (nominative singular)
īpašības vārdi (nominative plural)
īpašības vārda (genitive singular)
īpašības vārdu (genitive plural)
īpašības vārdam (dative singular)
īpašības vārdiem (dative plural)
īpašības vārdu (accusative singular)
īpašības vārdus (accusative plural)
īpašības vārdu (instrumental singular)
īpašības vārdiem (instrumental plural)
īpašības vārdā (locative singular)
īpašības vārdos (locative plural)
īpašības vārd (singular vocative)
īpašības vārdi (plural vocative)

Literally “quality/property word,” a calque of German Eigenschaftswort coined by J. Neikens in 1850 and accepted by A. Kronvalds.

īpašības vārdi ir patstāvīgi vārdi, kas nosauc priekšmetu pazīmes

adjectives are independent words that designate the features of an object

(grammar) adjective (a word used to qualify or modify a noun)


valodniecība

valodniecība (nominative singular)
valodniecības (genitive singular)
valodniecībai (dative singular)
valodniecību (accusative singular)
valodniecību (instrumental singular)
valodniecībā (locative singular)
valodniecība (singular vocative)

From valodnieks (“linguist”) + -ība (with k > c via palatalization).

vispārīgā valodniecība

sinhroniskā valodniecība

diahroniskā valodniecība

salīdzināmi vēsturiskā valodniecība

deskriptīvā valodniecība

strukturālā valodniecība

matemātiskā valodniecība

teorētiskā valodniecība

linguistics (science that studies languages, their characteristics, structure, functioning, development, and classification)


auglis

auglis (nominative singular)
augļi (nominative plural)
augļa (genitive singular)
augļu (genitive plural)
auglim (dative singular)
augļiem (dative plural)
augli (accusative singular)
augļus (accusative plural)
augli (instrumental singular)
augļiem (instrumental plural)
auglī (locative singular)
augļos (locative plural)
augli (singular vocative)
augļi (plural vocative)

From the same stem as augt (“to grow”), with an extra l, made into a masculine second-declension noun (ending -is).

augļa kustības

uzturam grūtniecības laikā ir jāsatur visas augļa attīstībai vajadzīgas vielas

the diet during pregnancy must contain all the substances necessary to the development of the fetus

(embryology) fetus (mammalian organism between the embryonary stage and birth)

gada augļi

augļu augļi

compound interest (lit. interest of interest)

ieguldītais kapitāls sāka nest augļus

the invested capital began to produce interest (lit. to bear fruit(s))

(economics, in the plural) interest, income from interest


augļu dārzs

augļu dārzs (nominative singular)
augļu dārzi (nominative plural)
augļu dārza (genitive singular)
augļu dārzu (genitive plural)
augļu dārzam (dative singular)
augļu dārziem (dative plural)
augļu dārzu (accusative singular)
augļu dārzus (accusative plural)
augļu dārzu (instrumental singular)
augļu dārziem (instrumental plural)
augļu dārzā (locative singular)
augļu dārzos (locative plural)
augļu dārz (singular vocative)
augļu dārzi (plural vocative)

visa Latvija ir kā viens augļu dārzs

Ja vasara bija sausa, augļu dārzs bija jālaista

if summer was dry, the orchard must be watered

orchard (an area for the cultivation of fruit trees; the trees cultivated in this area)


dārzeņkopība

dārzeņkopība (nominative singular)
dārzeņkopības (genitive singular)
dārzeņkopībai (dative singular)
dārzeņkopību (accusative singular)
dārzeņkopību (instrumental singular)
dārzeņkopībā (locative singular)
dārzeņkopība (singular vocative)

From dārzenis (“vegetable”) + kopība (“community, system”).

compound

vegetable gardening (the growing of vegetables for human consumption); market gardening


meitene

meitene (nominative singular)
meitenes (nominative plural)
meitenes (genitive singular)
meiteņu (genitive plural)
meitenei (dative singular)
meitenēm (dative plural)
meiteni (accusative singular)
meitenes (accusative plural)
meiteni (instrumental singular)
meitenēm (instrumental plural)
meitenē (locative singular)
meitenēs (locative plural)
meitene (singular vocative)
meitenes (plural vocative)

zēns

antonym(s) of “of "young, unmarried woman"”

From meita (“daughter, girl”) + -ene. First attested in 18th-century sources, at first only as “little girl,” later on also as “young woman.”

čakla meitene

meiteņu skola

meiteņu koris

meitene ar bizītēm

meiteņu apģērbi

rotaļās gāja zēni un meitenes

dūšīga sieva ar trim meitenēm, vecumā no desmit līdz četrpadsmit gadiem

a robust woman with three girls, aged from ten to fourteen years

girl (female child, up to approximately 18 years of age)


zēns

zēns (nominative singular)
zēni (nominative plural)
zēna (genitive singular)
zēnu (genitive plural)
zēnam (dative singular)
zēniem (dative plural)
zēnu (accusative singular)
zēnus (accusative plural)
zēnu (instrumental singular)
zēniem (instrumental plural)
zēnā (locative singular)
zēnos (locative plural)
zēn (singular vocative)
zēni (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Middle High German söhn (“son”) (sȫne); cf. Sohn (“son”). The e is the nearest vowel to ö in Latvian; the length probably results from the influence of dēls (“son”). In an 18th-century dictionary, zēns is mentioned as “rarely used,” and only in the area around Riga and in Courland; in the 19th century, the word was still mostly used in Courland, but had already entered the literary language, as a synonym of puisis.

zēnu koris

zēnu apģērbi

zēnu rotaļas

zēnu nedarbi

zēnu skola

zēnu istaba

the boys' room (restroom, especially at school)

Haris ir zēns, viņam vēl tālu līdz lielam cilvēkam, viņš daudz nesaprot

Haris is a boy, he has a long way to go to become a grown-up, he doesn't understand much

boy (a male child, approximately until 11 years of age)

sanāca vairāk nekā divdesmit vīriešu, visvairāk jauni zēni, bet arī pusmūža vīri un pat pāris sirmgalvju

more than twenty men came, mostly young boys, bet also some middle-aged men and a few seniors

es vēl negribu uzņemties rūpes par ģimeni... es esmu pavisam zaļš zēns

I don't want to take care of the family yet... I am (still) a very green (= immature) boy

meitenei bija savs zēns

no tās reizes, kad Jautrīte Raiņa vidusskolas sarīkojumā iepazinās ar Guntaru, daži sāka sačukstēties, ka Guntars esot Jautrītes zēns

from that time when Jautrīte met Guntars at the event in the Rainis middle school, some (people) started to whisper that Guntars was Jautrīte's boy (= boyfriend)

boy, boyfriend (a young man in whom a woman is romantically interested)

viņš ir lāga zēns

tēvocis patiešām bija zelta zēns

vecais zēns

old boy! (used to show familiarity, friendship)

(usually with an adjective or adjectival expression) boy, guy (a young man seen as having some, usually positive, quality)


dārzkopis

lv-noun

dārzkopis m (2nd declension, feminine form: dārzkope)

dārzkope (feminine)
dārzkopis (nominative singular)
dārzkopji (nominative plural)
dārzkopja (genitive singular)
dārzkopju (genitive plural)
dārzkopim (dative singular)
dārzkopjiem (dative plural)
dārzkopi (accusative singular)
dārzkopjus (accusative plural)
dārzkopi (instrumental singular)
dārzkopjiem (instrumental plural)
dārzkopī (locative singular)
dārzkopjos (locative plural)
dārzkopi (singular vocative)
dārzkopji (plural vocative)

A back-formation from dārzkopība, coined in 1872 by Krišjānis Valdemārs and Fricis Brīvzemnieks.

kolhoza dārzkopis atcerējās, ka viņš ilgus gadus mācījies kopt dārzu augus, iekārtojis saimniekam siltumnīcu

the kolkhoz gardener, horticulturist remembered how he had spent many years learning how to take care of the garden plants and arranged the farmers' greenhouse


dārzkope

dārzkope f (5th declension, masculine form: dārzkopis)

dārzkopis (masculine)
dārzkope (nominative singular)
dārzkopes (nominative plural)
dārzkopes (genitive singular)
dārzkopju (genitive plural)
dārzkopei (dative singular)
dārzkopēm (dative plural)
dārzkopi (accusative singular)
dārzkopes (accusative plural)
dārzkopi (instrumental singular)
dārzkopēm (instrumental plural)
dārzkopē (locative singular)
dārzkopēs (locative plural)
dārzkope (singular vocative)
dārzkopes (plural vocative)

From dārzkopis (“horticulturist, gardener”) + -e (“fem.”).

suffix

pieredzējusī dārzkope Sarma Žurčinska nesen pārgrieza ķirbi, kurš viņas virtuvē glabājas kopš pērnā rudens, un bija ļoti pārsteigta, ka uz ķirbju sēkliņām ieraudzīja dīvainus hieroglifiem līdzīgus simbolus

experienced horticulturist Sarma Žurčinska recently cut a pumpkin which had been in her kitchen since last autumn and was very surprised when she saw strange symbols similar to hieroglyphs on the pumpkin seeds


dārzkopība

dārzkopība (nominative singular)
dārzkopības (genitive singular)
dārzkopībai (dative singular)
dārzkopību (accusative singular)
dārzkopību (instrumental singular)
dārzkopībā (locative singular)
dārzkopība (singular vocative)

A 19th-century neologism, coined, from dārzs (“garden”) + kopība (“community, system”), by Krišjānis Valdemārs and Fricis Brīvzemnieks in 1872 (with kopība from kopa (“group”) + -ība).


dārzniece

lv-noun

dārzniece f (5th declension, masculine form: dārznieks)

dārznieks (masculine)
dārzniece (nominative singular)
dārznieces (nominative plural)
dārznieces (genitive singular)
dārznieču (genitive plural)
dārzniecei (dative singular)
dārzniecēm (dative plural)
dārznieci (accusative singular)
dārznieces (accusative plural)
dārznieci (instrumental singular)
dārzniecēm (instrumental plural)
dārzniecē (locative singular)
dārzniecēs (locative plural)
dārzniece (singular vocative)
dārznieces (plural vocative)

From dārzs (“garden”) + -niece, or dārznieks (“gardener”) + -e (“fem.”) (the latter with palatalization of k to c).


šķidrums

šķidrums (nominative singular)
šķidrumi (nominative plural)
šķidruma (genitive singular)
šķidrumu (genitive plural)
šķidrumam (dative singular)
šķidrumiem (dative plural)
šķidrumu (accusative singular)
šķidrumus (accusative plural)
šķidrumu (instrumental singular)
šķidrumiem (instrumental plural)
šķidrumā (locative singular)
šķidrumos (locative plural)
šķidrum (singular vocative)
šķidrumi (plural vocative)

(chemistry) liquid (state of matter), liquid substance, fluid


cietviela

cietviela (nominative singular)
cietvielas (nominative plural)
cietvielas (genitive singular)
cietvielu (genitive plural)
cietvielai (dative singular)
cietvielām (dative plural)
cietvielu (accusative singular)
cietvielas (accusative plural)
cietvielu (instrumental singular)
cietvielām (instrumental plural)
cietvielā (locative singular)
cietvielās (locative plural)
cietviela (singular vocative)
cietvielas (plural vocative)

From ciets (“hard”) + viela (“substance”).

(chemistry) solid (state of matter); solid substance


viela

viela (nominative singular)
vielas (nominative plural)
vielas (genitive singular)
vielu (genitive plural)
vielai (dative singular)
vielām (dative plural)
vielu (accusative singular)
vielas (accusative plural)
vielu (instrumental singular)
vielām (instrumental plural)
vielā (locative singular)
vielās (locative plural)
viela (singular vocative)
vielas (plural vocative)

viela pārdomām

(physics, chemistry) matter, substance; material


darbiniece

darbiniece f (5th declension, masculine form: darbinieks)

darbinieks (masculine)
darbiniece (nominative singular)
darbinieces (nominative plural)
darbinieces (genitive singular)
darbinieču (genitive plural)
darbiniecei (dative singular)
darbiniecēm (dative plural)
darbinieci (accusative singular)
darbinieces (accusative plural)
darbinieci (instrumental singular)
darbiniecēm (instrumental plural)
darbiniecē (locative singular)
darbiniecēs (locative plural)
darbiniece (singular vocative)
darbinieces (plural vocative)

From darbs (“to work”) + -niece, or darbinieks (“employee”) + -e (“fem.”) (the latter with palatalization of k to c).


jūrniece

jūrniece f (5th declension, masculine form: jūrnieks)

jūrnieks (masculine)
jūrniece (nominative singular)
jūrnieces (nominative plural)
jūrnieces (genitive singular)
jūrnieču (genitive plural)
jūrniecei (dative singular)
jūrniecēm (dative plural)
jūrnieci (accusative singular)
jūrnieces (accusative plural)
jūrnieci (instrumental singular)
jūrniecēm (instrumental plural)
jūrniecē (locative singular)
jūrniecēs (locative plural)
jūrniece (singular vocative)
jūrnieces (plural vocative)

From jūra (“sea”) + -niece, or jūrnieks (“seaman”) + -e (“fem.”) (the latter with palatalization of k to c).


homoseksuālists

homoseksuālists m (1st declension, feminine form: homoseksuāliste)

homoseksuāliste (feminine)
homoseksuālists (nominative singular)
homoseksuālisti (nominative plural)
homoseksuālista (genitive singular)
homoseksuālistu (genitive plural)
homoseksuālistam (dative singular)
homoseksuālistiem (dative plural)
homoseksuālistu (accusative singular)
homoseksuālistus (accusative plural)
homoseksuālistu (instrumental singular)
homoseksuālistiem (instrumental plural)
homoseksuālistā (locative singular)
homoseksuālistos (locative plural)
homoseksuālist (singular vocative)
homoseksuālisti (plural vocative)

From homoseksuāls + -ists (with homoseksuāls from homo- + seksuāls and seksuāls from sekss (“sex”) + -āls). Probably not derived as such in Latvian, but borrowed and adapted from other European languages.

Vai tu esi homoseksuālists?

Britu zinātnieki atklājuši, ka Robins Huds bija homoseksuālists.

British scholars have discovered that Robin Hood was a homosexual man.


kuģinieks

kuģinieks m (1st declension, feminine form: kuģiniece)

kuģiniece (feminine)
kuģinieks (nominative singular)
kuģinieki (nominative plural)
kuģinieka (genitive singular)
kuģinieku (genitive plural)
kuģiniekam (dative singular)
kuģiniekiem (dative plural)
kuģinieku (accusative singular)
kuģiniekus (accusative plural)
kuģinieku (instrumental singular)
kuģiniekiem (instrumental plural)
kuģiniekā (locative singular)
kuģiniekos (locative plural)
kuģiniek (singular vocative)
kuģinieki (plural vocative)


itāliešu valoda

itāliešu valoda (nominative singular)
itāliešu valodas (genitive singular)
itāliešu valodai (dative singular)
itāliešu valodu (accusative singular)
itāliešu valodu (instrumental singular)
itāliešu valodā (locative singular)
itāliešu valoda (singular vocative)


itālietis

itālietis m (2nd declension, feminine form: itāliete)

itāliete (feminine)
itālietis (nominative singular)
itālieši (nominative plural)
itālieša (genitive singular)
itāliešu (genitive plural)
itālietim (dative singular)
itāliešiem (dative plural)
itālieti (accusative singular)
itāliešus (accusative plural)
itālieti (instrumental singular)
itāliešiem (instrumental plural)
itālietī (locative singular)
itāliešos (locative plural)
itālieti (singular vocative)
itālieši (plural vocative)

a (male) Italian, a man from Italy or of Italian descent


substantīvs

substantīvs (nominative singular)
substantīvi (nominative plural)
substantīva (genitive singular)
substantīvu (genitive plural)
substantīvam (dative singular)
substantīviem (dative plural)
substantīvu (accusative singular)
substantīvus (accusative plural)
substantīvu (instrumental singular)
substantīviem (instrumental plural)
substantīvā (locative singular)
substantīvos (locative plural)
substantīv (singular vocative)
substantīvi (plural vocative)

Via other European languages, ultimately borrowed from Latin substantīvus (“substantive, self-existent”).

bor

verbāls substantīvs

(grammar) noun (a word used to refer to an entity, concept or idea)


adjektīvs

adjektīvs (nominative singular)
adjektīvi (nominative plural)
adjektīva (genitive singular)
adjektīvu (genitive plural)
adjektīvam (dative singular)
adjektīviem (dative plural)
adjektīvu (accusative singular)
adjektīvus (accusative plural)
adjektīvu (instrumental singular)
adjektīviem (instrumental plural)
adjektīvā (locative singular)
adjektīvos (locative plural)
adjektīv (singular vocative)
adjektīvi (plural vocative)

Via other European languages, ultimately borrowed from Latin adiectīvus (“adjective”).

adjektīvu locīšana

adjektīvu salīdzināmās pakāpes


numerālis

numerālis (nominative singular)
numerāļi (nominative plural)
numerāļa (genitive singular)
numerāļu (genitive plural)
numerālim (dative singular)
numerāļiem (dative plural)
numerāli (accusative singular)
numerāļus (accusative plural)
numerāli (instrumental singular)
numerāļiem (instrumental plural)
numerālī (locative singular)
numerāļos (locative plural)
numerāli (singular vocative)
numerāļi (plural vocative)

Via other European languages, ultimately borrowed from Latin numerālis (“numeral”).

decimāls numerālis

adjektīva un numerāļa izveide

the formation of adjectives and numerals

numerāļu locījumu formas

(grammar) numeral (a word used to indicate a number)


prepozīcija

prepozīcija (nominative singular)
prepozīcijas (nominative plural)
prepozīcijas (genitive singular)
prepozīciju (genitive plural)
prepozīcijai (dative singular)
prepozīcijām (dative plural)
prepozīciju (accusative singular)
prepozīcijas (accusative plural)
prepozīciju (instrumental singular)
prepozīcijām (instrumental plural)
prepozīcijā (locative singular)
prepozīcijās (locative plural)
prepozīcija (singular vocative)
prepozīcijas (plural vocative)

Via other European languages, ultimately borrowed from Latin praepositiō (“preposition”).

prepozīcija ir nelokāma vārdsķira

preposition is an uninflectable word class

(grammar) preposition (a word used to build a phrase with a noun to express an adverbial notion)


konjunkcija

konjunkcija (nominative singular)
konjunkcijas (nominative plural)
konjunkcijas (genitive singular)
konjunkciju (genitive plural)
konjunkcijai (dative singular)
konjunkcijām (dative plural)
konjunkciju (accusative singular)
konjunkcijas (accusative plural)
konjunkciju (instrumental singular)
konjunkcijām (instrumental plural)
konjunkcijā (locative singular)
konjunkcijās (locative plural)
konjunkcija (singular vocative)
konjunkcijas (plural vocative)

Via other European languages, ultimately borrowed from Latin coniūnctiō (“conjunction”).

saiklis jeb konjunkcija ir vārdšķira

conjunction (saiklis) or conjunction (konjunckija) is a word class

(grammar) conjunction (a word used to join words or phrases into sentences)

(astronomy) conjunction, the alignment of two celestial bodies when seen from the Earth


interjekcija

interjekcija (nominative singular)
interjekcijas (nominative plural)
interjekcijas (genitive singular)
interjekciju (genitive plural)
interjekcijai (dative singular)
interjekcijām (dative plural)
interjekciju (accusative singular)
interjekcijas (accusative plural)
interjekciju (instrumental singular)
interjekcijām (instrumental plural)
interjekcijā (locative singular)
interjekcijās (locative plural)
interjekcija (singular vocative)
interjekcijas (plural vocative)

Via other European languages, ultimately borrowed from Latin interiectiō (“interjection”).

interjekcija ir nelokāma vārdšķira

interjection is an uninflectable word class

(grammar) interjection (a word or phrase used as an exclamation, often as an expression of emotion)


apstākļa vārds

apstākļa vārds (nominative singular)
apstākļa vārdi (nominative plural)
apstākļa vārda (genitive singular)
apstākļa vārdu (genitive plural)
apstākļa vārdam (dative singular)
apstākļa vārdiem (dative plural)
apstākļa vārdu (accusative singular)
apstākļa vārdus (accusative plural)
apstākļa vārdu (instrumental singular)
apstākļa vārdiem (instrumental plural)
apstākļa vārdā (locative singular)
apstākļa vārdos (locative plural)
apstākļa vārd (singular vocative)
apstākļa vārdi (plural vocative)

Literally “circumstance word,” a calque of German Umstandswort coined by Andrejs Stērste in 1879.

apstākļa vārdu lietojums teikumā

apstākļa vārdu grupas

(grammar, linguistics) adverb (a word used to modify a verb, an adjective, an adverb, a phrase or a clause)


vietniekvārds

vietniekvārds (nominative singular)
vietniekvārdi (nominative plural)
vietniekvārda (genitive singular)
vietniekvārdu (genitive plural)
vietniekvārdam (dative singular)
vietniekvārdiem (dative plural)
vietniekvārdu (accusative singular)
vietniekvārdus (accusative plural)
vietniekvārdu (instrumental singular)
vietniekvārdiem (instrumental plural)
vietniekvārdā (locative singular)
vietniekvārdos (locative plural)
vietniekvārd (singular vocative)
vietniekvārdi (plural vocative)

From vietnieks (“replacement”) + vārds (“word”). A neologism coined by Juris Neikens as vietnieku vārds in 1850. The compound form originated and found wide acceptance in the 1930s.

compound

vietniekvārdu locīšana

nenoteiktie vietniekvārdi

jautājamie vietniekvārdi

norādāmie vietniekvārdi

personas vietniekvārds

piederības vietniekvārds

attieksmes, relatīvais vietniekvārds

vietniekvārdi pieder pie tām vārdu šķirām, kas ir aktīvas dažāda tipa tekstu veidošanas procesā

pronouns belong to those word classes which are active in different types of text-making processes

(grammar) pronoun (a word used to refer anaphorically to a noun or noun phrase)


skaitļa vārds

skaitļa vārds (nominative singular)
skaitļa vārdi (nominative plural)
skaitļa vārda (genitive singular)
skaitļa vārdu (genitive plural)
skaitļa vārdam (dative singular)
skaitļa vārdiem (dative plural)
skaitļa vārdu (accusative singular)
skaitļa vārdus (accusative plural)
skaitļa vārdu (instrumental singular)
skaitļa vārdiem (instrumental plural)
skaitļa vārdā (locative singular)
skaitļa vārdos (locative plural)
skaitļa vārd (singular vocative)
skaitļa vārdi (plural vocative)

Literally “number word,” a calque of German Zahlwort coined by Juris Neikens in 1850 as skaitļa vārdiņš; later changed by Andrejs Stērste to skaitļa vārds, which became the standard form.

pamata skaitļa vārdi

kārtas skaitļa vārdi

skaitļa vārdu deklinācija


prievārds

prievārds (nominative singular)
prievārdi (nominative plural)
prievārda (genitive singular)
prievārdu (genitive plural)
prievārdam (dative singular)
prievārdiem (dative plural)
prievārdu (accusative singular)
prievārdus (accusative plural)
prievārdu (instrumental singular)
prievārdiem (instrumental plural)
prievārdā (locative singular)
prievārdos (locative plural)
prievārd (singular vocative)
prievārdi (plural vocative)

A new word, coined in the 1940s (mentioned in the 1942 Latvian Orthographic Dictionary, Latviešu Valodas Pareizrakstības Vārdnīca) to replace the previous expression satiksmes vārds (lit. “joining word”), from prie- (“front”) + vārds (“word”).

vairums mūsdienu latviešu literārajā valodā lietojamo prievārdu ir senas cilmes... tādi, piemēram, ir aiz, ap, ar, no, pa, pie, uz

most prepositions in use in the modern Latvian literary language are of old origin... such, for instance, are aiz, ap, ar, no, pa, pie, uz


izsauksmes vārds

izsauksmes vārds (nominative singular)
izsauksmes vārdi (nominative plural)
izsauksmes vārda (genitive singular)
izsauksmes vārdu (genitive plural)
izsauksmes vārdam (dative singular)
izsauksmes vārdiem (dative plural)
izsauksmes vārdu (accusative singular)
izsauksmes vārdus (accusative plural)
izsauksmes vārdu (instrumental singular)
izsauksmes vārdiem (instrumental plural)
izsauksmes vārdā (locative singular)
izsauksmes vārdos (locative plural)
izsauksmes vārd (singular vocative)
izsauksmes vārdi (plural vocative)

izsauksmes vārdi ir skaniski signāli, kas vēstī par psihiskiem stāvokļiem

interjections are sound signals that tell about mental states


saiklis

saiklis (nominative singular)
saikļi (nominative plural)
saikļa (genitive singular)
saikļu (genitive plural)
saiklim (dative singular)
saikļiem (dative plural)
saikli (accusative singular)
saikļus (accusative plural)
saikli (instrumental singular)
saikļiem (instrumental plural)
saiklī (locative singular)
saikļos (locative plural)
saikli (singular vocative)
saikļi (plural vocative)

From the same stem as the verb siet (“to tie, to bind”), with vowel change (ie > ai; cf. saite) and an extra suffix tl: *saitl- > saiklis. The original meaning was that of “tie,” “rope” (now saite), still attested dialectally; later on it took its current grammatical meaning, replacing earlier proposed forms like jūgu-vardiņi, biedrotājs and saišķis.

vienojuma, vienojamais saiklis

pretstatījuma, pretstata saiklis

paskaidrojuma saiklis

pieļāvuma saiklis


apstāklis

apstāklis (nominative singular)
apstākļi (nominative plural)
apstākļa (genitive singular)
apstākļu (genitive plural)
apstāklim (dative singular)
apstākļiem (dative plural)
apstākli (accusative singular)
apstākļus (accusative plural)
apstākli (instrumental singular)
apstākļiem (instrumental plural)
apstāklī (locative singular)
apstākļos (locative plural)
apstākli (singular vocative)
apstākļi (plural vocative)

Calque of German Umstand, coined by Atis Kronvalds in 1872 from ap- + the stem of the verb stāt (“to stop, to stand”) (q.v.) + -klis (cf. also apstāt (“to encircle, to surround”)). The term būšana (“being; situation”) had been previously used in this sense.

vietas apstāklis

lauka apstāklis

veida apstākļa palīgteikums

apstākļa vārds

(grammar, linguistics) circumstance, (adverbial) complement, adverbial


vietnieks

lv-noun

vietnieks m (1st declension, feminine form: vietniece)

vietniece (feminine)
vietnieks (nominative singular)
vietnieki (nominative plural)
vietnieka (genitive singular)
vietnieku (genitive plural)
vietniekam (dative singular)
vietniekiem (dative plural)
vietnieku (accusative singular)
vietniekus (accusative plural)
vietnieku (instrumental singular)
vietniekiem (instrumental plural)
vietniekā (locative singular)
vietniekos (locative plural)
vietniek (singular vocative)
vietnieki (plural vocative)

direktora vietnieks

priekšsēdētāja vietnieks


vietniece

vietniece f (5th declension, masculine form: vietnieks)

vietnieks (masculine)
vietniece (nominative singular)
vietnieces (nominative plural)
vietnieces (genitive singular)
vietnieču (genitive plural)
vietniecei (dative singular)
vietniecēm (dative plural)
vietnieci (accusative singular)
vietnieces (accusative plural)
vietnieci (instrumental singular)
vietniecēm (instrumental plural)
vietniecē (locative singular)
vietniecēs (locative plural)
vietniece (singular vocative)
vietnieces (plural vocative)

From viet (“place”) + -niece, or vietnieks (“replacement”) + -e (“fem.”) (the latter with palatalization of k to c).

direktora vietniece

priekšsēdētāja vietniece


kuģis

kuģis (nominative singular)
kuģi (nominative plural)
kuģa (genitive singular)
kuģu (genitive plural)
kuģim (dative singular)
kuģiem (dative plural)
kuģi (accusative singular)
kuģus (accusative plural)
kuģi (instrumental singular)
kuģiem (instrumental plural)
kuģī (locative singular)
kuģos (locative plural)
kuģi (singular vocative)
kuģi (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Middle Low German kogge (“wide, roundish ship”), or from Old Frisian kogge, Middle Dutch kogge, or perhaps from Old Norse kuggi (“sea vessel”) or Swedish kogg (“merchant ship”). The word was first used in Germanic languages to refer to a kind of sail, wide with stumpy, roundish ends; it spread all over the Baltic sea in the 14th-15th centuries with the Hanseatic league, when it was borrowed into Latvian. At first used only as sailors' slang, it spread under Swedish influence in the 17th and 18th century (though one 18th-century author mentions that kuģis was used mostly in Riga, liela laiva “big boat” being used elsewhere); by the mid-19th century, it had become a general term for all kinds of ships in the standard language.

bor

pasažieru kuģis

tirdzniecības, zvejas kuģis

glābšanas kuģis

okeāna, jūras, upes kuģis

mīnu kuģis

kuģa korpuss, priekšgals, pakaļgals

kuģa klājs

kuģa kapteinis, apkalpe

kuģa žurnāls

uzkāpt uz kuģa

nokāpt no kuģa

kuģu būvētava

kara kuģis

lidmašīnu bāzes kuģis

gaisa kuģis, gaisakuģis

kosmikais, kosmosa kuģis


kuģiniece

lv-noun

kuģiniece f (5th declension, masculine form: kuģinieks)

kuģinieks (masculine)
kuģiniece (nominative singular)
kuģinieces (nominative plural)
kuģinieces (genitive singular)
kuģinieču (genitive plural)
kuģiniecei (dative singular)
kuģiniecēm (dative plural)
kuģinieci (accusative singular)
kuģinieces (accusative plural)
kuģinieci (instrumental singular)
kuģiniecēm (instrumental plural)
kuģiniecē (locative singular)
kuģiniecēs (locative plural)
kuģiniece (singular vocative)
kuģinieces (plural vocative)

From kuģis (“ship”) + -niece, or kuģinieks (“sailor”) + -e (“fem.”) (the latter with palatalization of k to c).


maizniece

maizniece f (5th declension, masculine form: maiznieks)

maiznieks (masculine)
maizniece (nominative singular)
maiznieces (nominative plural)
maiznieces (genitive singular)
maiznieču (genitive plural)
maizniecei (dative singular)
maizniecēm (dative plural)
maiznieci (accusative singular)
maiznieces (accusative plural)
maiznieci (instrumental singular)
maizniecēm (instrumental plural)
maizniecē (locative singular)
maizniecēs (locative plural)
maizniece (singular vocative)
maiznieces (plural vocative)

From maize (“bread”) + -niece, or maiznieks (“baker”) + -e (“fem.”) (the latter with palatalization of k to c).

dziedātāja Aiša TVNET “Eksperimentā” piekrita izmēģināt spēkus sev tik netipiskā profesijā kā maizniece

singer Aiša in the TVNET (show) “Experiment” agreed to try her hand at a non-typical profession like (female) baker


miesniece

miesniece f (5th declension, masculine form: miesnieks)

miesnieks (masculine)
miesniece (nominative singular)
miesnieces (nominative plural)
miesnieces (genitive singular)
miesnieču (genitive plural)
miesniecei (dative singular)
miesniecēm (dative plural)
miesnieci (accusative singular)
miesnieces (accusative plural)
miesnieci (instrumental singular)
miesniecēm (instrumental plural)
miesniecē (locative singular)
miesniecēs (locative plural)
miesniece (singular vocative)
miesnieces (plural vocative)

From miesa (“flesh, meat”) + -niece, or miesnieks (“butcher”) + -e (“fem.”) (the latter with palatalization of k to c).


rakstniece

rakstniece f (5th declension, masculine form: rakstnieks)

rakstnieks (masculine)
rakstniece (nominative singular)
rakstnieces (nominative plural)
rakstnieces (genitive singular)
rakstnieču (genitive plural)
rakstniecei (dative singular)
rakstniecēm (dative plural)
rakstnieci (accusative singular)
rakstnieces (accusative plural)
rakstnieci (instrumental singular)
rakstniecēm (instrumental plural)
rakstniecē (locative singular)
rakstniecēs (locative plural)
rakstniece (singular vocative)
rakstnieces (plural vocative)

From raksts (“writing”) + -niece, or rakstnieks (“writer”) + -e (“fem.”) (the latter with palatalization of k to c).


skolniece

skolniece f (5th declension, masculine form: skolnieks)

skolnieks (masculine)
skolniece (nominative singular)
skolnieces (nominative plural)
skolnieces (genitive singular)
skolnieču (genitive plural)
skolniecei (dative singular)
skolniecēm (dative plural)
skolnieci (accusative singular)
skolnieces (accusative plural)
skolnieci (instrumental singular)
skolniecēm (instrumental plural)
skolniecē (locative singular)
skolniecēs (locative plural)
skolniece (singular vocative)
skolnieces (plural vocative)

From skola (“school”) + -niece, or skolnieks (“schoolboy”) + -e (“fem.”) (the latter with palatalization of k to c).

trešās klases skolniece

no Maltas rajona ieradušās trīs skolnieces, ceturtās un septītās klases audzēknes

from the district of Malta came three schoolgirls, fourth- and seventh-class (= grade) students


strādniece

strādniece f (5th declension, masculine form: strādnieks)

strādnieks (masculine)
strādniece (nominative singular)
strādnieces (nominative plural)
strādnieces (genitive singular)
strādnieču (genitive plural)
strādniecei (dative singular)
strādniecēm (dative plural)
strādnieci (accusative singular)
strādnieces (accusative plural)
strādnieci (instrumental singular)
strādniecēm (instrumental plural)
strādniecē (locative singular)
strādniecēs (locative plural)
strādniece (singular vocative)
strādnieces (plural vocative)

From strādāt (“to work”) + -niece, or strādnieks (“worker”) + -e (“fem.”) (the latter with palatalization of k to c).

strādnieces pieved un krauj plauktos apdedzināšanai sagatavoto porcelānu

female workers brought in the prepared (pieces of) porcelain and piled them on the shelves for baking


valodniece

valodniece f (5th declension, masculine form: valodnieks)

valodnieks (masculine)
valodniece (nominative singular)
valodnieces (nominative plural)
valodnieces (genitive singular)
valodnieču (genitive plural)
valodniecei (dative singular)
valodniecēm (dative plural)
valodnieci (accusative singular)
valodnieces (accusative plural)
valodnieci (instrumental singular)
valodniecēm (instrumental plural)
valodniecē (locative singular)
valodniecēs (locative plural)
valodniece (singular vocative)
valodnieces (plural vocative)

From valoda (“language”) + -niece, or valodnieks (“linguist”) + -e (“fem.”) (the latter with palatalization of k to c).


zemniece

zemniece f (5th declension, masculine form: zemnieks)

zemnieks (masculine)
zemniece (nominative singular)
zemnieces (nominative plural)
zemnieces (genitive singular)
zemnieču (genitive plural)
zemniecei (dative singular)
zemniecēm (dative plural)
zemnieci (accusative singular)
zemnieces (accusative plural)
zemnieci (instrumental singular)
zemniecēm (instrumental plural)
zemniecē (locative singular)
zemniecēs (locative plural)
zemniece (singular vocative)
zemnieces (plural vocative)

From zeme (“land”) + -niece, or zemnieks (“peasant”) + -e (“fem.”) (the latter with palatalization of k to c).


ģimene

ģimene (nominative singular)
ģimenes (nominative plural)
ģimenes (genitive singular)
ģimeņu (genitive plural)
ģimenei (dative singular)
ģimenēm (dative plural)
ģimeni (accusative singular)
ģimenes (accusative plural)
ģimeni (instrumental singular)
ģimenēm (instrumental plural)
ģimenē (locative singular)
ģimenēs (locative plural)
ģimene (singular vocative)
ģimenes (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Lithuanian giminė̃ (“family; kin; genus; gender”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gʷem-, the same root as the verb dzimt (“to be born”) (q.v.); cf. also Sudovian gimna (“family; uncles, their wives”). This borrowing is first attested in writings in the 1870s, with a broader range of meanings (“family, kin, generation, sex, gender”); the current meaning of “family” stabilized at the beginning of the 20th century. In the 1870s, Juris Alunāns attempted to correct it to dzimene (which would be the regular development if the word had not been borrowed), but this form never became popular. It replaced the previous borrowing famīlija (from German Familie).

cog

daudzbērnu ģimene

strādnieku ģimene

zemnieku ģimene

mazas ģimenes

saskanīga ģimenes dzīve

ģimenes stāvoklis

ģimenes budžets

ģimenes galva

head of the family (= the family's breadwinner)

ģimenes māja

ģimenes cilvēks

married (lit. family) person, (usually a man)

ģimenes tiesības

family law (legislation concerning marriage, kinship, adoption, etc.)

mūsu ģimene ir liela: tētis, māmiņa un septiņi bērni

our family is big: father, mother and seven children

A. Upīts romānā “Jauni Avoti”, tēlojot konfliktus starp Robežnieku ģimenes locekļiem, atspoguļo tam laikam raksturīgos konfliktus patriarhālās ģimenes iziruma apstākļos

A. Upīts depicting in (his) novel “New Sources” the conflicts between the members of the Robežnieks family also portrayed the conflicts, typical of those times, in the process of disintegration of the patriarchal family

family (group formed by a couple and their children (if any) living together; larger group of relatives living together)

šodien pārrunā sevišķi aktuālas tēmas: aminoskābju palielināšana cūkgaļā, līniju un ģimeņu analīzes un citas svarīgas problemas

today (they) discussed especially current issues: the increase of aminoacids in pork, the analysis of lines (= lineages) and families, and other important problems

(livestock) a group of female animals descended from one breeder

stārķu ģimene

mežacūku ģimene

tas, ko parasti uzskata par vilku baru, īstenībā ir viena vilku ģimene: veco vilku pāris un viņu šā gada un pērnie vilcēni, kas ziemas sākumā sanāk kopā

that which one usually considers a pack of wolves is actually a family of wolves: an old wolf couple and their wolflings of this year and of the previous year, who get together at the beginning of winter

(zoology) family (a group of animals consisting of a male, a female and their offspring, living and eating together)


zaķis

zaķis (nominative singular)
zaķi (nominative plural)
zaķa (genitive singular)
zaķu (genitive plural)
zaķim (dative singular)
zaķiem (dative plural)
zaķi (accusative singular)
zaķus (accusative plural)
zaķi (instrumental singular)
zaķiem (instrumental plural)
zaķī (locative singular)
zaķos (locative plural)
zaķi (singular vocative)
zaķi (plural vocative)

The origin of this word is unclear. Traditionally, it is explained as a borrowing from Belarusian dialectal за́йка (zájka), reshaped under the influence of kaķis (“cat”), but the similar Sudovian cognate makes this explanation dubious. It is difficult also to make it compatible with the Lithuanian and Slavic cognates. For the Slavic terms, there are various opinions, generally leading up to the Proto-Indo-European stem *ǵʰey- (“to drive, to exhort, to move quickly”). It is possible that the root of all those forms may be some pre-Indo-European word (*ǵa-, *ǵay-, *ǵuy-) to which Indo-European suffixes were attached. Cognates include Lithuanian dialectal zuĩkis, Sudovian zags, Old Church Slavonic заѩць (zajęcĭ), Russian, Belarusian за́яц (zájac), Ukrainian за́єць (zájecʹ), Czech zajíc, Polish zając.

braukt par zaķi

“zaķiem” būs jāmaksā 40 latu sods

hares will have to pay a fine of 40 lats

(informal) stowaway; person who rides (a bus, a train, etc.) without paying the fare


ķiploks

ķiploks (nominative singular)
ķiploki (nominative plural)
ķiploka (genitive singular)
ķiploku (genitive plural)
ķiplokam (dative singular)
ķiplokiem (dative plural)
ķiploku (accusative singular)
ķiplokus (accusative plural)
ķiploku (instrumental singular)
ķiplokiem (instrumental plural)
ķiplokā (locative singular)
ķiplokos (locative plural)
ķiplok (singular vocative)
ķiploki (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Middle Low German klüflōk (“garlic”) (cf. German Knoblauch, Dutch knoflook), with klüf- from Proto-Germanic *kliuban (“to split, to cut”) and -lōk “onion, leek” (cf. German Lauch, Dutch look, English leek), i.e., originally “split, segmented onion.” This loanword is first mentioned in 17th-century dictionaries.

ziemas ķiploki

savvaļas ķiploks

ķiploka sīpols

tulpes, lilijas, virtuves sīpolus, ķiplokus un vēl citus augus apvieno liliju dzimtā

tulips, lilies, kitchen onions, garlic and still other plants combine (to form) the lily family (Liliaceae)

ķiploki izaug no 20 līdz 100 cm augsti

Allium sativum
Allium sativum#Translingual

garlic (herbaceous plant, sp. Allium sativum, with pungent edible bulbs)


Bībele

Bībele (nominative singular)
Bībeles (genitive singular)
Bībelei (dative singular)
Bībeli (accusative singular)
Bībeli (instrumental singular)
Bībelē (locative singular)
Bībele (singular vocative)

From Ancient Greek βιβλία (biblía, “books”), plural of βιβλίον (biblíon, “small book”), originally a diminutive of βίβλος (bíblos, “book”), from βύβλος (búblos, “papyrus”) (from the ancient Phoenician city of Byblos which exported this writing material).


puķe

puķe (nominative singular)
puķes (nominative plural)
puķes (genitive singular)
puķu (genitive plural)
puķei (dative singular)
puķēm (dative plural)
puķi (accusative singular)
puķes (accusative plural)
puķi (instrumental singular)
puķēm (instrumental plural)
puķē (locative singular)
puķēs (locative plural)
puķe (singular vocative)
puķes (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Livonian puțk, puțkõz (“flower”), related to Finnish putki.


zieds

zieds (nominative singular)
ziedi (nominative plural)
zieda (genitive singular)
ziedu (genitive plural)
ziedam (dative singular)
ziediem (dative plural)
ziedu (accusative singular)
ziedus (accusative plural)
ziedu (instrumental singular)
ziediem (instrumental plural)
ziedā (locative singular)
ziedos (locative plural)
zieds (singular vocative)
ziedi (plural vocative)


bībele

bībele (nominative singular)
bībeles (nominative plural)
bībeles (genitive singular)
bībeļu (genitive plural)
bībelei (dative singular)
bībelēm (dative plural)
bībeli (accusative singular)
bībeles (accusative plural)
bībeli (instrumental singular)
bībelēm (instrumental plural)
bībelē (locative singular)
bībelēs (locative plural)
bībele (singular vocative)
bībeles (plural vocative)

(compare Bībele) a bible, a copy of the Bible


liels

liels (nominative singular)
lieli (nominative plural)
liela (genitive singular)
lielu (genitive plural)
lielam (dative singular)
lieliem (dative plural)
lielu (accusative singular)
lielus (accusative plural)
lielu (instrumental singular)
lieliem (instrumental plural)
lielā (locative singular)
lielos (locative plural)
liel (singular vocative)
lieli (plural vocative)

From Proto-Indo-European *lei- (“to bend”), from the stem *el- (“to bend”), whence also elkonis (“elbow”); compare also laiva (“boat”), leja (“valley”). The original meaning was probably “bending, curvature.” A similar semantic development can be seen in Sanskrit आणिः (āṇiḥ, “leg above knee”) (< *arṇí- < *elni-), Armenian ոլոք (olokʻ, “shinbone”) (< *elok- / *olok-). Another suggestion has liels (“shin, calf (of leg)”) be the nominalized form of the adjective liels (“great, large, big”) with intonational change.

tikai nupat viņš sajuta sūrstošas sāpes kreisās kājas lielā

only then did he feel a sharp pain in his left leg's shin

(anatomy) shin (part of the leg from the knee to the ankle; syn. apakšstilbs, stilbs)


ļipa

ļipa (nominative singular)
ļipas (nominative plural)
ļipas (genitive singular)
ļipu (genitive plural)
ļipai (dative singular)
ļipām (dative plural)
ļipu (accusative singular)
ļipas (accusative plural)
ļipu (instrumental singular)
ļipām (instrumental plural)
ļipā (locative singular)
ļipās (locative plural)
ļipa (singular vocative)
ļipas (plural vocative)

Borrowed either from Livonian lip (“weather vane, sheep tail”) or from Estonian lipp, both from Proto-Finnic *lippu.

bor

zaķa ļipa

aitas ļipa

kazas ļipa


polārs

head

polārs (definite polārais, comparative polārāks, superlative vispolārākais, adverb polāri)

polārais (definite)
polārāks (comparative)
vispolārākais (superlative)
polāri (adverb)
polārs (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
polāri (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
polāra (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
polāras (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
polāra (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
polāru (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
polāras (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
polāru (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
polāram (dative indefinite masculine singular)
polāriem (dative indefinite masculine plural)
polārai (dative feminine indefinite singular)
polārām (dative feminine indefinite plural)
polāru (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
polārus (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
polāru (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
polāras (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
polāru (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
polāriem (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
polāru (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
polārām (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
polārā (indefinite locative masculine singular)
polāros (indefinite locative masculine plural)
polārā (feminine indefinite locative singular)
polārās (feminine indefinite locative plural)

polārais klimats, aukstums

polārā vasara, ziema

polārais ezers, gaiss, ledus

polārais anticiklons

polārais loks, riņķis

polārais apgabals

the polar area (between the poles and the polar circles)

polārā nakts

polar night (when the sun does not rise)

polārā diena

polārā blāzma, polārblāzma

northern lights, aurora (lit. polar glow)

polārais lācis, polārlācis

(geography) polar, Arctic (located at, relating to, or typical of, the North or South Poles of the Earth and the area around them)

polārās molekulas

polārā ass

(physics, chemistry) polar (relating to, characterized by, magnetic poles)

polārā koordinātu sistēma

(mathematics) polar (specifying the location of a point with a distance and an angle)


seksuāls

seksuāls (definite seksuālais, comparative seksuālāks, superlative visseksuālākais, adverb seksuāli)

seksuālais (definite)
seksuālāks (comparative)
visseksuālākais (superlative)
seksuāli (adverb)
seksuāls (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
seksuāli (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
seksuāla (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
seksuālas (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
seksuāla (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
seksuālu (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
seksuālas (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
seksuālu (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
seksuālam (dative indefinite masculine singular)
seksuāliem (dative indefinite masculine plural)
seksuālai (dative feminine indefinite singular)
seksuālām (dative feminine indefinite plural)
seksuālu (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
seksuālus (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
seksuālu (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
seksuālas (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
seksuālu (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
seksuāliem (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
seksuālu (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
seksuālām (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
seksuālā (indefinite locative masculine singular)
seksuālos (indefinite locative masculine plural)
seksuālā (feminine indefinite locative singular)
seksuālās (feminine indefinite locative plural)

Ultimately from sekss (“sex”) + -āls. Probably not formed in Latvian, but borrowed as such from some other European language (e.g., Latin sexualis).

augu pasaules pārstāvji pieder pie dažādiem seksuālajiem tipiem

the members of the plant world belong to different sexual types

sexual (relating to sex and reproduction)


homoseksuāls

homoseksuāls (definite homoseksuālais, comparative homoseksuālāks, superlative vishomoseksuālākais, adverb homoseksuāli)

homoseksuālais (definite)
homoseksuālāks (comparative)
vishomoseksuālākais (superlative)
homoseksuāli (adverb)
homoseksuāls (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
homoseksuāli (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
homoseksuāla (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
homoseksuālas (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
homoseksuāla (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
homoseksuālu (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
homoseksuālas (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
homoseksuālu (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
homoseksuālam (dative indefinite masculine singular)
homoseksuāliem (dative indefinite masculine plural)
homoseksuālai (dative feminine indefinite singular)
homoseksuālām (dative feminine indefinite plural)
homoseksuālu (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
homoseksuālus (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
homoseksuālu (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
homoseksuālas (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
homoseksuālu (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
homoseksuāliem (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
homoseksuālu (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
homoseksuālām (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
homoseksuālā (indefinite locative masculine singular)
homoseksuālos (indefinite locative masculine plural)
homoseksuālā (feminine indefinite locative singular)
homoseksuālās (feminine indefinite locative plural)

From homo- + seksuāls (“sexual”) (with seksuāls from sekss (“sex”) + -āls). Probably not derived as such in Latvian, but borrowed and adapted from other European languages.

homoseksuāla pieredze

homoseksuāli pāri

homoseksuālas attiecības, ģimenes