fa

(music) fa, the fourth diatonic (or sixth chromatic) note 'F'.


parole

parole (nominative singular)
paroles (nominative plural)
paroles (genitive singular)
paroļu (genitive plural)
parolei (dative singular)
parolēm (dative plural)
paroli (accusative singular)
paroles (accusative plural)
paroli (instrumental singular)
parolēm (instrumental plural)
parolē (locative singular)
parolēs (locative plural)
parole (singular vocative)
paroles (plural vocative)

(military) password (a secret, pre-arranged word, phrase used as a sign of recognition, for example, in conspiratorial, intelligence, military activities)

(military) password (an agreed name, a number called to identify the telephone subscriber to the communications service)

Jūs nekad neuzzināsit manu mobilā tālruņa paroli.

(computing) password (sequence of characters that gives access to a website)


i

Proposed in 1908 as part of the new Latvian spelling by the scientific commission headed by K. Mīlenbahs, which was accepted and began to be taught in schools in 1909. Prior to that, Latvian had been written in German Fraktur, and sporadically in Cyrillic.

The name of the Latin-script letter I/i.


ass

ass (nominative singular)
asis (nominative plural)
ass (genitive singular)
asu (genitive plural)
asij (dative singular)
asīm (dative plural)
asi (accusative singular)
asis (accusative plural)
asi (instrumental singular)
asīm (instrumental plural)
asī (locative singular)
asīs (locative plural)
ass (singular vocative)
asis (plural vocative)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *aśís, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eḱs-. Originally an i/n-stem, it became an i-stem in Baltic.

simetrijas, rotācijas ass

zemes griešanās ass

koordinātu asis

abscisu, ordinātu ass

(mathematics) axis (a line with certain important properties)


ass

From the same source as ass (“axle”), originally a unit of measurement corresponding to the length of a person's outstretched arms (compare Russian са́жень (sáženʹ, “old unit of measurement; length of outstretched arms”).

cog

divas asis malkas

old unit of volume for measuring wood, equivalent to approximately 2-4 cubic meters


ass

head

ass (definite asais, comparative asāks, superlative visasākais, adverb asi)

asais (definite)
asāks (comparative)
visasākais (superlative)
asi (adverb)
ass (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
asi (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
asa (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
asas (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
asa (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
asu (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
asas (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
asu (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
asam (dative indefinite masculine singular)
asiem (dative indefinite masculine plural)
asai (dative feminine indefinite singular)
asām (dative feminine indefinite plural)
asu (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
asus (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
asu (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
asas (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
asu (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
asiem (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
asu (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
asām (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
asā (indefinite locative masculine singular)
asos (indefinite locative masculine plural)
asā (feminine indefinite locative singular)
asās (feminine indefinite locative plural)

From earlier *asus, from Proto-Baltic *ašus, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eḱ- (“sharp, pointed, edgy”). With an extra suffix *-ro, the same stem also yielded Proto-Balto-Slavic *aśras (“sharp”), whence Latvian dialectal asrs, as well as the Lithuanian cognate aštrùs, dialectal ašrùs. From this stem, there are also Latvian reflexes with ak rather than as (e.g., akmens (“stone”), akots (“awn”)), possibly a result of Proto-Indo-European dialectal variation. In Latvian, former u-stem adjectives like *asus were assimilated into other classes; *asus gave rise to both an o-stem and a yo-stem variant which later on became independent words, ass and ašs, with different semantic nuances (compare also, e.g., plats and plašs, or dobs and dobjš). Other cognates include Old Church Slavonic остръ (ostrŭ), Russian о́стрый (óstryj), Belarusian во́стры (vóstry), Ukrainian о́стрий (óstryj), го́стрий (hóstryj), Bulgarian о́стър (óstǎr), Czech ostrý, Polish ostry, Proto-Germanic *agjō (Old High German ecka, egga (“corner, edge, point, peak, blade”), German Ecke, Sanskrit अश्रिः (áśriḥ, “corner, edge, blade”), Ancient Greek ἀκή (akḗ, “point, tip”), ἄκρος (ákros, “sharp, pointed”), Latin ācer (“sharp”), aciēs (“sharpness, blade”).

cog

asi elkoņi

asi vaigu kauli

asas burtu formas rokrakstā

angular, not rounded (of body parts; also of writing, drawing)

ass dadzis, paeglis, grīslis

asa zāle, nātre

(of plants) sharp (having little thorns or thorn-like growths, or having a sharp edge, capable of stinging)

asa sejas āda

ass linu dvielis

asa mērce

asa dūmu smaka

ass ož pēc hlora

ass vējš

asas sāpes

ass klepus

sharp, pungent, hot (which irritates the senses, creating a strong feeling or reaction)


art

head

art (transitive, 1st conjugation, present aru, ar, ar, past aru)

conjugation (first-person)
aru (present)
ar (present)
aru (past)
aru (first-person indicative present singular)
aru (first-person indicative past singular)
aršu (first-person future indicative singular)
ar (indicative present second-person singular)
ari (indicative past second-person singular)
arsi (future indicative second-person singular)
ar (imperative second-person singular)
ar (indicative present singular third-person)
ara (indicative past singular third-person)
ars (future indicative singular third-person)
lai ar (imperative singular third-person)
aram (first-person indicative plural present)
arām (first-person indicative past plural)
arsim (first-person future indicative plural)
arsim (first-person imperative plural)
arat (indicative plural present second-person)
arāt (indicative past plural second-person)
arsiet (future indicative plural second-person)
arsit (future indicative plural second-person)
ariet (imperative plural second-person)
ar (indicative plural present third-person)
ara (indicative past plural third-person)
ars (future indicative plural third-person)
lai ar (imperative plural third-person)
arot (present renarrative)
arošs (active adjectival participle participle-1 present)
esot aris (past renarrative)
ardams (active adverbial participle participle-2 present)
aršot (future renarrative)
arot (active adverbial participle participle-3 present)
lai arot (imperative)
aram (active participle participle-4 present)
aris (active participle past)
artu (conditional present)
arams (participle passive present)
būtu aris (conditional past)
arts (participle passive past)
jāar (debitive indicative)
būt jāar (debitive indicative)
art (infinitive)
esot jāar (conjunctive conjunctive-1 debitive)
neart (infinitive negative)
jāarot (conjunctive conjunctive-2 debitive)
aršana (noun-from-verb)

From Proto-Baltic [Term?], from Proto-Indo-European *h₂erh₃- (“to plow”), from *h₁er- (“sparse; to crumble, to fall to pieces”), whence also the verb irt; see there for more.
Cognates include Lithuanian árti, Old Prussian artoys (“plowman”) (compare Lithuanian artójas), Old Church Slavonic орати (orati), Russian dialectal or dated ора́ть (orátʹ), Belarusian ара́ць (arácʹ), Ukrainian ора́ти (oráty), Bulgarian ора́ (orá), Czech orati, Polish orać, Gothic 𐌰𐍂𐌾𐌰𐌽 (arjan), Old Norse erja, Hittite [Term?] (/ẖarra-/, “to crush; (passive form) to disappear”), [Term?] (/ẖarš-/, “to tear open; to plow”), Ancient Greek ἀρόω (aróō), Latin arō.

cog

art zemi

art tīrumu, lauku

art dārzu

art kūdraino augsni

art ar traktoru

papuvi ara divi traktori

iziet art agri no rīta

rudenī, rugāju arot, sekoju Jurim pa vagu un sarunājos

in autumn, while (he was) plowing the stubble field, I followed Juris along the furrows and talked

to plow (to prepare (land) for sowing by using a plow)


pants

pants (nominative singular)
panti (nominative plural)
panta (genitive singular)
pantu (genitive plural)
pantam (dative singular)
pantiem (dative plural)
pantu (accusative singular)
pantus (accusative plural)
pantu (instrumental singular)
pantiem (instrumental plural)
pantā (locative singular)
pantos (locative plural)
pant (singular vocative)
panti (plural vocative)

(law) paragraph, article, clause (section of legal document)


re

Through 17th century Italian. The first syllable of Latin resonāre (“to resound”), the first word of the second line of the medieval hymn Ut queant laxis, from which the solfège syllables were taken because its successive lines started each on the next note of the scale.

(music) re, D (second note in the major scale)


lampa

lampa (nominative singular)
lampas (nominative plural)
lampas (genitive singular)
lampu (genitive plural)
lampai (dative singular)
lampām (dative plural)
lampu (accusative singular)
lampas (accusative plural)
lampu (instrumental singular)
lampām (instrumental plural)
lampā (locative singular)
lampās (locative plural)
lampa (singular vocative)
lampas (plural vocative)


gans

lv-noun

gans m (1st declension, feminine form: gane)

gane (feminine)
gans (nominative singular)
gani (nominative plural)
gana (genitive singular)
ganu (genitive plural)
ganam (dative singular)
ganiem (dative plural)
ganu (accusative singular)
ganus (accusative plural)
ganu (instrumental singular)
ganiem (instrumental plural)
ganā (locative singular)
ganos (locative plural)
gan (singular vocative)
gani (plural vocative)


suka

suka (nominative singular)
sukas (nominative plural)
sukas (genitive singular)
suku (genitive plural)
sukai (dative singular)
sukām (dative plural)
suku (accusative singular)
sukas (accusative plural)
suku (instrumental singular)
sukām (instrumental plural)
sukā (locative singular)
sukās (locative plural)
suka (singular vocative)
sukas (plural vocative)

There are competing theories on the origin of this word. The first (and more probable) one assumes that it comes from Proto-Indo-European *suH- (“pig”) > derived form *suk- “pig” (masc., fem.), “coarse hair, bristle” (neut.). Originally suka was the neuter plural form, but it became feminine singular after the general loss of the neuter gender, with semantic change “bristles” > “brush” (compare German Bürste (“brush”), Borste (“bristle”)). Borrowings by Finnic languages from Baltic languages support this evolution (e.g., Finnish suka (“pig bristle (archaic), currycomb”)). The second theory considers suka cognate to Lithuanian šùkos (“brush”), Russian щётка (ščótka, “brush”), Sanskrit शूक (śūka, “needle”), all from Proto-Indo-European *ḱū- (“pointed”). A third theory attributes these words to Proto-Indo-European *kes-, *ks- (“to cut, to carve”).

cog

drēbju, apavu suka

matu suka

zobu suka

zirgu suka

saru, tērauda suka

tīrīt drēbes ar suku

brush (instrument made with flexible bristles attached to a handle, used especially for grooming hair)


tundra

tundra (nominative singular)
tundras (nominative plural)
tundras (genitive singular)
tundru (genitive plural)
tundrai (dative singular)
tundrām (dative plural)
tundru (accusative singular)
tundras (accusative plural)
tundru (instrumental singular)
tundrām (instrumental plural)
tundrā (locative singular)
tundrās (locative plural)
tundra (singular vocative)
tundras (plural vocative)

Ultimately from Russian ту́ндра (túndra).

Varbūt jūs kādreiz esat dzirdējuši par to, ko sauc par "tundru", gan filmā, gan seriālā, gan dokumentālajā filmā. Bet kas ir tundra?

2024 December 20, Claudi Casals, kas ir tundra:

You may have heard of what is called "the tundra" in a film, TV series or documentary. But what is the tundra?

tundra (a natural zone that has developed in the arctic and subarctic zones and is characterised by low average temperatures, high humidity and short growing seasons)


penis

penis (nominative singular)
peņi (nominative plural)
peņa (genitive singular)
peņu (genitive plural)
penim (dative singular)
peņiem (dative plural)
peni (accusative singular)
peņus (accusative plural)
peni (instrumental singular)
peņiem (instrumental plural)
penī (locative singular)
peņos (locative plural)
peni (singular vocative)
peņi (plural vocative)


plate

plate (nominative singular)
plates (nominative plural)
plates (genitive singular)
plašu (genitive plural)
platei (dative singular)
platēm (dative plural)
plati (accusative singular)
plates (accusative plural)
plati (instrumental singular)
platēm (instrumental plural)
platē (locative singular)
platēs (locative plural)
plate (singular vocative)
plates (plural vocative)

printed circuit board
printed circuit board


Laura

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in 1819. From Latin Laura.


delta

delta (nominative singular)
deltas (nominative plural)
deltas (genitive singular)
deltu (genitive plural)
deltai (dative singular)
deltām (dative plural)
deltu (accusative singular)
deltas (accusative plural)
deltu (instrumental singular)
deltām (instrumental plural)
deltā (locative singular)
deltās (locative plural)
delta (singular vocative)
deltas (plural vocative)


krona

krona (nominative singular)
kronas (nominative plural)
kronas (genitive singular)
kronu (genitive plural)
kronai (dative singular)
kronām (dative plural)
kronu (accusative singular)
kronas (accusative plural)
kronu (instrumental singular)
kronām (instrumental plural)
kronā (locative singular)
kronās (locative plural)
krona (singular vocative)
kronas (plural vocative)

A borrowing from the respective Scandianavian languages: Swedish krona, Danish krone, Icelandic króna, Faroese króna, all ultimately from Latin corōna (“crown”).

piecas kronas

papīra krona

kronas kurss

grāmata maksā piecas kronas

krona (monetary units of the Scandinavian countries (Swedish krona, Danish and Norwegian krone, Icelandic króna))


algebra

algebra (nominative singular)
algebras (genitive singular)
algebrai (dative singular)
algebru (accusative singular)
algebru (instrumental singular)
algebrā (locative singular)
algebra (singular vocative)

Via other European languages, ultimately from Medieval Latin algebra, from Arabic الْجَبْر (al-jabr, “reunion, resetting of broken parts”) in the title of al-Khwarizmi's influential work الْكِتَاب الْمُخْتَصَر فِي حِسَاب اَلْجَبْر وَالْمُقَابَلَة (al-kitāb al-muḵtaṣar fī ḥisāb al-jabr wa-l-muqābala, “The Compendious Book on Calculation by Completion and Balancing”).

algebras formula

algebras specialists

algebras mācību grāmata

algebras stunda

risināt, atrisināt algebras uzdevumu

algebra ir viena no matematikas pamatnozarēm

algebra is one of the fundamental branches of mathematics

algebra is a branch of mathematics that studies generic numbers ('variables') regardless of their actual numeric value; the corresponding school subject


nulle

→ Latgalian: nulle

From Latin nullus, perhaps via French or German.

zero (cardinal number that precedes one)


nulle

nulle (nominative singular)
nulles (nominative plural)
nulles (genitive singular)
nuļļu (genitive plural)
nullei (dative singular)
nullēm (dative plural)
nulli (accusative singular)
nulles (accusative plural)
nulli (instrumental singular)
nullēm (instrumental plural)
nullē (locative singular)
nullēs (locative plural)
nulle (singular vocative)
nulles (plural vocative)

funkcijas nulle

binārajā skaitīšanas sistēmā ir tikai cipari nulle un viens

in the binary counting system there are only the cyphers zero and one

nulles punkts, nullpunkts

absolūta nulle

nulles meridiāns

vakar termometrs rādīja 25 grādus zem nulles

yesterday the thermometer showed 25 degrees below zero

(physics) zero (initial value or point in some reference system, or in some measuring device)


ola

ola (nominative singular)
olas (nominative plural)
olas (genitive singular)
olu (genitive plural)
olai (dative singular)
olām (dative plural)
olu (accusative singular)
olas (accusative plural)
olu (instrumental singular)
olām (instrumental plural)
olā (locative singular)
olās (locative plural)
ola (singular vocative)
olas (plural vocative)

From a previous Proto-Baltic neuter noun *wuolan, from Proto-Baltic *wuol-, from Proto-Indo-European *wēl-, *wōl-, the lengthened grade of the stem *wel- (“to turn, to roll, to wind”), whence also velt (“to roll, to trundle”). The original meaning was therefore “something that turns, rolls”, still visible in the dialectal verb olāt (“to roll, to trundle”), and in the standard Latvian term olis (“round pebble”), dialectally also ola. It is possible that Proto-Indo-European *h₂ōwyóm (“egg”), which would have become *wowan in Proto-Baltic, may have influenced the development of *wuolan into ola. A synonym term pauts was used alongside ola until the beginning of the 20th century, when ola became dominant and replaced it. Cognates include Lithuanian uolà (“cliff, rock”).

vistu olas

zivju olas

olas čaumala

olas baltums, dzeltenums

dēt olas

rāpuļu olas pēc savas uzbūves atgādina putnu olas

reptile eggs, by their structure, are similar to bird eggs

olas vidū ir liels, barības vielām bagāts dzeltenums, kuram apkārt ir olbaltuma slānis

in the middle of the egg there is a big yolk rich in nutrients, surrounded by a protein layer

zivis vairojas ar olām jeb ikriem

the fish reproduce with eggs, also called “ikri”

odu mātītes olas dēj uz ūdens virsmas

female mosquitoes lay eggs on water surfaces

egg (reproductive cell, wrapped in a shell, where the embryo of certain animal species develops)

cieti, mīksti vārīta ola

cieta, mīksta ola

nolobīt olu

jēla ola

raw egg (also: unexperienced, naive person)

cepta ola

pildīta ola

olu kultenis

izdzert olu

to drink an egg (= to suck the liquid through a hole on the eggshell)

Lieldienu ola

Easter egg (painted egg, part of the celebration of Easter)

mums, kā vistu neturēja, tā olu pašiem nebija

since we didn't keep hens, we didn't have eggs

egg (said reproductive cell, usually from birds, used as food)


maize

maize (nominative singular)
maizes (nominative plural)
maizes (genitive singular)
maižu (genitive plural)
maizei (dative singular)
maizēm (dative plural)
maizi (accusative singular)
maizes (accusative plural)
maizi (instrumental singular)
maizēm (instrumental plural)
maizē (locative singular)
maizēs (locative plural)
maize (singular vocative)
maizes (plural vocative)

From Proto-Baltic *maiž-, an ablaut variant of *miež- (whence Latvian mieži (“barley”)), from Proto-Indo-European *meyǵ-, probably from the stem *h₂meh₁- (“to cut; to mow”) modified into *mey-, and with an added element *ǵ (whence Proto-Baltic *ž, whence Latvian z). Cognates include Old Prussian mayse (“barley”) (misspelled as wayse in the 16th-century source), Old Iranian *maiz- "to sow".

mīcīt maizi

maize rūgst


riet

head

riet (transitive, 1st conjugation, present reju, rej, rej, past rēju)

conjugation (first-person)
reju (present)
rej (present)
rēju (past)
reju (first-person indicative present singular)
rēju (first-person indicative past singular)
riešu (first-person future indicative singular)
rej (indicative present second-person singular)
rēji (indicative past second-person singular)
riesi (future indicative second-person singular)
rej (imperative second-person singular)
rej (indicative present singular third-person)
rēja (indicative past singular third-person)
ries (future indicative singular third-person)
lai rej (imperative singular third-person)
rejam (first-person indicative plural present)
rējām (first-person indicative past plural)
riesim (first-person future indicative plural)
riesim (first-person imperative plural)
rejat (indicative plural present second-person)
rējāt (indicative past plural second-person)
riesiet (future indicative plural second-person)
riesit (future indicative plural second-person)
rejiet (imperative plural second-person)
rej (indicative plural present third-person)
rēja (indicative past plural third-person)
ries (future indicative plural third-person)
lai rej (imperative plural third-person)
rejot (present renarrative)
rejošs (active adjectival participle participle-1 present)
esot rējis (past renarrative)
riedams (active adverbial participle participle-2 present)
riešot (future renarrative)
rejot (active adverbial participle participle-3 present)
lai rejot (imperative)
rejam (active participle participle-4 present)
rējis (active participle past)
rietu (conditional present)
būtu rējis (conditional past)
jārej (debitive indicative)
būt jārej (debitive indicative)
riet (infinitive)
esot jārej (conjunctive conjunctive-1 debitive)
neriet (infinitive negative)
jārejot (conjunctive conjunctive-2 debitive)
riešana (noun-from-verb)

From Proto-Baltic *rey-tey, *rey-ti, from Proto-Indo-European *rey-. The original diphthong ey is still seen in the present tense forms (reju, etc.). Cognates include Lithuanian ríeti (“to bark; to scold”), Old Prussian rīgewings (/rījewinɡs/, “quarreling”), Russian dialectal ра́ять (rájatʹ, “to make noise”), Old High German rērēn, Middle High German rēren (“to bleat, to bellow, to shout”), German röhren, Sanskrit रायति (rāyati, “to bark”), Ossetian рӕйын (ræjyn), рӕйун (ræjun), Northern Kurdish reyîn (“to bark”).

cog

Lizalka, mūžam ar visu neapmierināta, rēja uz cilvēkiem gluži kā suns.

Lizalka, eternally dissatisfied with everything, barked at people just like a dog.

(of people) to bark (to talk loud, usually angrily)


Santa

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in early 20th century. Possibly from Latin sancta (“holy”), or a variant of Sandra.


Ezra

Ezra (nominative singular)
Ezras (nominative plural)
Ezras (genitive singular)
Ezru (genitive plural)
Ezrai (dative singular)
Ezrām (dative plural)
Ezru (accusative singular)
Ezras (accusative plural)
Ezru (instrumental singular)
Ezrām (instrumental plural)
Ezrā (locative singular)
Ezrās (locative plural)
Ezra (singular vocative)
Ezras (plural vocative)


kija

kija (nominative singular)
kijas (nominative plural)
kijas (genitive singular)
kiju (genitive plural)
kijai (dative singular)
kijām (dative plural)
kiju (accusative singular)
kijas (accusative plural)
kiju (instrumental singular)
kijām (instrumental plural)
kijā (locative singular)
kijās (locative plural)
kija (singular vocative)
kijas (plural vocative)

zāles galā atrodu biljarda galdu un ņemu rokā kiju

at the end of the room I find the billiard table and I take the cue in my hand(s)

pusdienas pārtraukumā viens otrs... pacilāja novusa kiju

during the lunch break... one or the other lifted the novuss cue

(sports, billiards, snooker) cue (long stick with a pointy end used in certain games, especially pool or billiards)


laiva

laiva (nominative singular)
laivas (nominative plural)
laivas (genitive singular)
laivu (genitive plural)
laivai (dative singular)
laivām (dative plural)
laivu (accusative singular)
laivas (accusative plural)
laivu (instrumental singular)
laivām (instrumental plural)
laivā (locative singular)
laivās (locative plural)
laiva (singular vocative)
laivas (plural vocative)

Cognates include Lithuanian laĩvas, dialectal laĩvė, archaic laĩva. The relationship by borrowing to Proto-Finnic *laiva (Finnish laiva “ship; nave”, Estonian laev, Livonian lōja) is also undisputed, leaving the question of which family had the word first. It is now identified as a borrowing from Proto-Germanic *flawją (cf. Old Norse fley “boat,” “raft”) into Finnic and thence Baltic, showing the Finnic sound law *vj > jv established by Koivulehto (1970). Earlier, a Baltic inherited origin had been sought. Karulis took the word to be perhaps originally used by Curonian fishermen and later spread to all the Eastern shore of the Baltic Sea, and offered the internal etymology Proto-Baltic *leiw-, *laiw-, from Proto-Indo-European *ley- with an extra -w, from *el-ey, from *Heh₃l- (“to bend, to turn”); this theory would make the original meaning “bent, concave (object).”

buru laiva

airu laiva

zvejas laiva

glābšanas laiva

sacīkšu laiva

laivu stacija

braukt ar laivu

vizināties, braukt ar laivu pa ezeru

nolicis airi, noliecos pār laivas malu un sāku raut ūdens augus

letting go of the oar, I leaned over the boat edge and began to pluck the aquatic plants

boat (small vehicle for transporting people, goods, etc. on water)


turks

lv-noun

turks m (1st declension, feminine form: turciete)

turciete (feminine)
turks (nominative singular)
turki (nominative plural)
turka (genitive singular)
turku (genitive plural)
turkam (dative singular)
turkiem (dative plural)
turku (accusative singular)
turkus (accusative plural)
turku (instrumental singular)
turkiem (instrumental plural)
turkā (locative singular)
turkos (locative plural)
turk (singular vocative)
turki (plural vocative)

Via various European languages, ultimately from Turkish Türk (“Turk”), of unknown origin.

kā Otello sodīja to turku, kas bija noziedzies pret Venēciju, tāpat viņš soda sevi

as Othello pusnished the Turk who had offended Venice, he also punished himself

mana vectēva jaunākais brālis Juris ilgus gadus dienējis zaldātos, karojis ar turkiem

my grandfather's younger brother Juris served as a soldier for many years, he fought the Turks

a Turk, a Turkish man, a man from Turkey or of Turkish descent


panna

panna (nominative singular)
pannas (nominative plural)
pannas (genitive singular)
pannu (genitive plural)
pannai (dative singular)
pannām (dative plural)
pannu (accusative singular)
pannas (accusative plural)
pannu (instrumental singular)
pannām (instrumental plural)
pannā (locative singular)
pannās (locative plural)
panna (singular vocative)
pannas (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Middle High German panne, or maybe from Middle Dutch panne (cf. German Pfanne), or from Swedish panna, themselves borrowings from Latin patina (> *patna), from Ancient Greek πατάνη (patánē, “bowl, basin”), itself probably of Illyrian origin. In Latvian, panna is first mentioned in 17th-century dictionaries.

cog

čuguna panna

vafeļu panna

pannas rokturis, kāts

ietaukot pannu

izņemt pannu no cepeškrāsns

uz pannas cepās smaržīgas kotletes

on the pan, fragrant meatballs were cooking

pan (flat metal container, usually with a handle, used for cooking over fire, on a stove, or over a hot surface; also, a rectangular plate with raised sides for use in a baking oven)


loma

loma (nominative singular)
lomas (nominative plural)
lomas (genitive singular)
lomu (genitive plural)
lomai (dative singular)
lomām (dative plural)
lomu (accusative singular)
lomas (accusative plural)
lomu (instrumental singular)
lomām (instrumental plural)
lomā (locative singular)
lomās (locative plural)
loma (singular vocative)
lomas (plural vocative)

spēlēt lomu

lomas teksts

mācīties lomu no galvas

tēlot galveno lomu

loma bez vārdiem

sadalīt lomas

(theater, cinematography) role, part, character


vasara

vasara (nominative singular)
vasaras (nominative plural)
vasaras (genitive singular)
vasaru (genitive plural)
vasarai (dative singular)
vasarām (dative plural)
vasaru (accusative singular)
vasaras (accusative plural)
vasaru (instrumental singular)
vasarām (instrumental plural)
vasarā (locative singular)
vasarās (locative plural)
vasara (singular vocative)
vasaras (plural vocative)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *was(e)r, from Proto-Indo-European *wósr̥.

seasons: četri gadalaiki: pavasaris · vasara · rudens · ziema [edit]

karsta, sausa vasara

slapja, lietaina vasara

saulaina vasara

iestājās vasara

pēdējais vasaras mēnesis

karsta vasaras diena

pavadīt vasaras laukos

vasaras saulgrieži

meteoroloģiskā vasara sākas, kad diennakts vidējā gaisa temperatūra sasniedz 15° C

the meteorological summer begins when the daily average air temperature reaches 15° C

kas ir vasara? saule, lietus, zaļa zeme un zili ūdeņi, garas, karstas dienas un īsas naktis

what is summer? sun, rain, green earth and blue waters, long, hot days and short nights

Northern Hemisphere
Northern Hemisphere#English

summer (season of the year, from June 21-22 to September 22-23 in the Northern Hemisphere, characterized by the highest temperatures of the year)


ala

ala (nominative singular)
alas (nominative plural)
alas (genitive singular)
alu (genitive plural)
alai (dative singular)
alām (dative plural)
alu (accusative singular)
alas (accusative plural)
alu (instrumental singular)
alām (instrumental plural)
alā (locative singular)
alās (locative plural)
ala (singular vocative)
alas (plural vocative)

The usual theory considers ala to be borrowed from Middle Low German hol (“depth, hole, cave”), from Old Saxon hol, or maybe from the same form in Middle Dutch or German Low German (East Frisian); cf. German Höhle (“cave”), all from Proto-West Germanic *hol.
A different view suggests that ala could also be a reflex of an old Proto-Indo-European stem *h₁el-, *ol-, *al- (“to flow, to drain”) with various Baltic reflexes: dialectal alots, alogs, standard avots (“(water) source”), alksna, aluksna (“miry, swampy place”) (cf. place names like Alūksne, Alūkstes), Lithuanian alė́ti (“to flow, to drip”). The original meaning of ala would thus have been “(water) source”, from which “place (e.g., cave, rift, pit) from which water springs,” and finally simply “cave,” possibly under the influence of the aforementioned Germanic words.

bor

klinšu alas

pazemes ala

alu labirinti

alu cilvēks

alu zīmējumi

Abhāzijā atrodas ala, kuras labirinti ir vairāk nekā trīs kilometrus gari

in Abkhazia there is a cave with labyrinths longer than three kilometers

cave (space or cavity formed underground, especially between rocks, or in the face of a cliff or hillside)


aba

lv-noun

aba m (4th declension, irregular gender, dative singular)

gender (irregular)
aba (nominative singular)
abas (nominative plural)
abas (genitive singular)
abu (genitive plural)
abam (dative singular)
abai (dative singular)
abām (dative plural)
abu (accusative singular)
abas (accusative plural)
abu (instrumental singular)
abām (instrumental plural)
abā (locative singular)
abās (locative plural)
aba (singular vocative)
abas (plural vocative)

(Christianity, Judaism) Father; religious superior; in the Syriac, Coptic, and Ethiopic churches, a title given to the bishops, and by the bishops to the patriarch; a title given to Jewish scholars in the Talmudic period.


mute

mute (nominative singular)
mutes (nominative plural)
mutes (genitive singular)
mutu (genitive plural)
mutei (dative singular)
mutēm (dative plural)
muti (accusative singular)
mutes (accusative plural)
muti (instrumental singular)
mutēm (instrumental plural)
mutē (locative singular)
mutēs (locative plural)
mute (singular vocative)
mutes (plural vocative)

From Proto-Indo-European *mnt-, *ment- (“to chew; jaw, mouth”). Cognate with Latin mentum (“chin”) and mandō (“to chew”), Ancient Greek μάσταξ (mástax, “jaws, mouth”) and μασάομαι (masáomai, “to chew”), Welsh mant (“jawbone”), Hittite [script needed] (mēni, “chin”), Proto-Germanic *munþaz (“mouth”) (English mouth, German Mund, Dutch mond, Swedish mun, Icelandic munnur, Gothic 𐌼𐌿𐌽𐌸𐍃 (munþs)). Another suggestion is a root *mu-, perhaps of ideophonic origin (noise made by using the vocal chords when the mouth is closed), apparently found also in other words (e.g. German Maul).

cog

mutes orgāni

aizvērt muti

plātīt muti

turēt mutē konfekti

mutes kaktiņi

mutes harmonikas

(anatomy) mouth (orifice for ingesting food)


mačka

mačka (nominative singular)
mačkas (nominative plural)
mačkas (genitive singular)
mačku (genitive plural)
mačkai (dative singular)
mačkām (dative plural)
mačku (accusative singular)
mačkas (accusative plural)
mačku (instrumental singular)
mačkām (instrumental plural)
mačkā (locative singular)
mačkās (locative plural)
mačka (singular vocative)
mačkas (plural vocative)


politika

politika (nominative singular)
politikas (nominative plural)
politikas (genitive singular)
politiku (genitive plural)
politikai (dative singular)
politikām (dative plural)
politiku (accusative singular)
politikas (accusative plural)
politiku (instrumental singular)
politikām (instrumental plural)
politikā (locative singular)
politikās (locative plural)
politika (singular vocative)
politikas (plural vocative)

Ultimately from Ancient Greek πολιτικά (politiká).

(uncountable) politics (the branch of public activity, which includes the state system, administration, activity, relations between states, peoples, social groups)


dot

head

dot (transitive, no conjugation, present dodu, dod, dod, past devu)

dodu (present)
dod (present)
devu (past)
dodu (first-person indicative present singular)
devu (first-person indicative past singular)
došu (first-person future indicative singular)
dod (indicative present second-person singular)
devi (indicative past second-person singular)
dosi (future indicative second-person singular)
dod (imperative second-person singular)
dod (indicative present singular third-person)
deva (indicative past singular third-person)
dos (future indicative singular third-person)
lai dod (imperative singular third-person)
dodam (first-person indicative plural present)
devām (first-person indicative past plural)
dosim (first-person future indicative plural)
dosim (first-person imperative plural)
dodat (indicative plural present second-person)
devāt (indicative past plural second-person)
dosiet (future indicative plural second-person)
dosit (future indicative plural second-person)
dodiet (imperative plural second-person)
dod (indicative plural present third-person)
deva (indicative past plural third-person)
dos (future indicative plural third-person)
lai dod (imperative plural third-person)
dodot (present renarrative)
dodošs (active adjectival participle participle-1 present)
esot devis (past renarrative)
dodams (active adverbial participle participle-2 present)
došot (future renarrative)
dodot (active adverbial participle participle-3 present)
lai dodot (imperative)
dodam (active participle participle-4 present)
devis (active participle past)
dotu (conditional present)
dodams (participle passive present)
būtu devis (conditional past)
dots (participle passive past)
jādod (debitive indicative)
būt jādod (debitive indicative)
dot (infinitive)
esot jādod (conjunctive conjunctive-1 debitive)
nedot (infinitive negative)
jādodot (conjunctive conjunctive-2 debitive)
došana (noun-from-verb)

From earlier *duoti, *duotie, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *dṓˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *dédeh₃ti (“to give”). The present tense forms are new formations, replacing the old athematic forms (still attested in dialectal forms like domu (“I give”) instead of dodu). The past tense forms are from earlier *davu (cf. Lithuanian daviaũ); the e was extended from the past active participle form devis (< *devens < *de-d-wens).

inh

dotais lielums

uzdevums bija kvadrāta un taisnstūra laukuma aprēķināšana, ja dots perimetrs

the task was the calculation of the square and rectangular area, if the perimeter is given

kopu uzskata par dotu, ja ir dots pilns tās elementu saraksts

a set is considered to be given if a full list of its elements is given

(mathematics, usually in the past passive participle form dots) to be given, to be known from the start


banka

banka (nominative singular)
bankas (nominative plural)
bankas (genitive singular)
banku (genitive plural)
bankai (dative singular)
bankām (dative plural)
banku (accusative singular)
bankas (accusative plural)
banku (instrumental singular)
bankām (instrumental plural)
bankā (locative singular)
bankās (locative plural)
banka (singular vocative)
bankas (plural vocative)

nauda bankā

bankas konts

policija ķēra laupītājus bankas


Dana

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in 1969. From Daniela.


aorta

aorta (nominative singular)
aortas (nominative plural)
aortas (genitive singular)
aortu (genitive plural)
aortai (dative singular)
aortām (dative plural)
aortu (accusative singular)
aortas (accusative plural)
aortu (instrumental singular)
aortām (instrumental plural)
aortā (locative singular)
aortās (locative plural)
aorta (singular vocative)
aortas (plural vocative)

Via other European languages, ultimately borrowed from Ancient Greek ἀορτή (aortḗ, “the arteries springing from the heart”), from ἀορτέω (aortéō), lengthened form of ἀείρω (aeírō, “I lift, raise”).

bor

lielais asinsriņķošanas loks sākas ar aortu

the great blood circulation cycle begins with the aorta

lielie asinsvadi: aorta un plaušu artērija

the major blood vessels: the aorta and the pulmonary artery

circulatory system
circulatory system#English

(anatomy) aorta (the main artery of the circulatory system, responsible for carrying the blood from the heart to the rest of the body except the lungs)


bole

bole (nominative singular)
boles (nominative plural)
boles (genitive singular)
boļu (genitive plural)
bolei (dative singular)
bolēm (dative plural)
boli (accusative singular)
boles (accusative plural)
boli (instrumental singular)
bolēm (instrumental plural)
bolē (locative singular)
bolēs (locative plural)
bole (singular vocative)
boles (plural vocative)

From English bowl, probably via German Bowle. Alternative historical forms: bols. First attested use to mean a bowl for making punch – 1880. First attested use to refer to the beverage itself – 1886.

zemeņu bole – strawberry punch

boles trauks – punch bowl

punch (drink made of wine, diluted with juices, syrups and fruit, often with added cognac or rhum)


kola

kola (nominative singular)
kolas (nominative plural)
kolas (genitive singular)
kolu (genitive plural)
kolai (dative singular)
kolām (dative plural)
kolu (accusative singular)
kolas (accusative plural)
kolu (instrumental singular)
kolām (instrumental plural)
kolā (locative singular)
kolās (locative plural)
kola (singular vocative)
kolas (plural vocative)


pica

pica (nominative singular)
picas (nominative plural)
picas (genitive singular)
picu (genitive plural)
picai (dative singular)
picām (dative plural)
picu (accusative singular)
picas (accusative plural)
picu (instrumental singular)
picām (instrumental plural)
picā (locative singular)
picās (locative plural)
pica (singular vocative)
picas (plural vocative)


soma

soma (nominative singular)
somas (nominative plural)
somas (genitive singular)
somu (genitive plural)
somai (dative singular)
somām (dative plural)
somu (accusative singular)
somas (accusative plural)
somu (instrumental singular)
somām (instrumental plural)
somā (locative singular)
somās (locative plural)
soma (singular vocative)
somas (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Old East Slavic сума (suma) (compare Russian сума́ (sumá)), itself borrowed (via Polish) from Old High German soum (“burden”) (compare German Saum), from Ancient Greek σάγμα (ságma) (whence also Latin sagma, sauma (“burden saddle, burden”)). The borrowing happened in the 13th century, when Old East Slavic у was still pronounced as [oː]. The word soma is first attested in 17th-century dictionaries with meanings such as “bread sack”, “bag”, “travel bag”.

ķengura soma

(biology, anatomy) pouch (skin fold in marsupials to keep a newborn baby)


vau

Apparently of onomatopoeic (imitative) origin.

vau, vau! Krančelis kaukdams kliedza

woof! woof! Krančelis (= dog) cried, howling

woof (the sound a dog makes while barking)


imperatore

lv-noun

imperatore f (5th declension, masculine form: imperators)

imperators (masculine)
imperatore (nominative singular)
imperatores (nominative plural)
imperatores (genitive singular)
imperatoru (genitive plural)
imperatorei (dative singular)
imperatorēm (dative plural)
imperatori (accusative singular)
imperatores (accusative plural)
imperatori (instrumental singular)
imperatorēm (instrumental plural)
imperatorē (locative singular)
imperatorēs (locative plural)
imperatore (singular vocative)
imperatores (plural vocative)

From imperators (“emperor”) + -e (“fem.”).

imperatore Teodora

Elizabete I valdīja Krievijas impērijā kā imperatore laikā no 1741. līdz 1762. gadam

Elizabeth I ruled as empress in the Russian Empire from 1741 to 1762

empress (female ruler of an empire; her title)


svastika

svastika (nominative singular)
svastikas (nominative plural)
svastikas (genitive singular)
svastiku (genitive plural)
svastikai (dative singular)
svastikām (dative plural)
svastiku (accusative singular)
svastikas (accusative plural)
svastiku (instrumental singular)
svastikām (instrumental plural)
svastikā (locative singular)
svastikās (locative plural)
svastika (singular vocative)
svastikas (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Sanskrit स्वस्तिक (svastika).

swastika (old religious symbol, later co-opted by the German Nazi party)


bors

bors (nominative singular)
bora (genitive singular)
boram (dative singular)
boru (accusative singular)
boru (instrumental singular)
borā (locative singular)
bor (singular vocative)

bora savienojumi

bora mēslojums

chemical element
chemical element#English

boron (chemical element, a metalloid, with atomic number 5)


pagoda

pagoda (nominative singular)
pagodas (nominative plural)
pagodas (genitive singular)
pagodu (genitive plural)
pagodai (dative singular)
pagodām (dative plural)
pagodu (accusative singular)
pagodas (accusative plural)
pagodu (instrumental singular)
pagodām (instrumental plural)
pagodā (locative singular)
pagodās (locative plural)
pagoda (singular vocative)
pagodas (plural vocative)


orientēšanās sports

orientēšanās sports (nominative singular)
orientēšanās sporta (genitive singular)
orientēšanās sportam (dative singular)
orientēšanās sportu (accusative singular)
orientēšanās sportu (instrumental singular)
orientēšanās sportā (locative singular)
orientēšanās sport (singular vocative)

orienteering (racing through unfamiliar countryside with map and compass)


desmit

desmitiem (instrumental masculine)
desmitos (locative masculine)

From the noun desmits (“group of ten”), from *desimtis by metathesis, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *déśimt with a suffix -(t)i-s marking collective number (“group of ten”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *déḱm̥t (“ten”). Cognates include Latgalian desmit and Lithuanian dešimt.

skaitīt līdz desmit

pieci un pieci ir desmit

desmit un desmit ir divdesmit

ten (the cipher, the cardinal number ten)

pulkstenis ir desmit

lekcija sākas desmitos

jāgaida līdz desmitiem

ten o'clock (a moment in time; ten hours after midnight, or after noon)


Francis

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in 1522. From Latin Franciscus. Corresponding to English Francis.


ogle

ogle (nominative singular)
ogles (nominative plural)
ogles (genitive singular)
ogļu (genitive plural)
oglei (dative singular)
oglēm (dative plural)
ogli (accusative singular)
ogles (accusative plural)
ogli (instrumental singular)
oglēm (instrumental plural)
oglē (locative singular)
oglēs (locative plural)
ogle (singular vocative)
ogles (plural vocative)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *anˀglís, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁óngʷl̥ (“coal”).

aktīvā ogle, aktivētā ogle

melns kā ogle

ogles zīmējumi

kvēlojošas ogles

charcoal (partially burnt organic materials, usually wood)

ogļu atradnes

ogļu ieguve

ogļu rūpniecība

(syn. akmeņogle) coal (mineral deposits, used as industrial fuel)


cars

cars m (1st declension, feminine form: cariene)

cariene (feminine)
cars (nominative singular)
cari (nominative plural)
cara (genitive singular)
caru (genitive plural)
caram (dative singular)
cariem (dative plural)
caru (accusative singular)
carus (accusative plural)
caru (instrumental singular)
cariem (instrumental plural)
carā (locative singular)
caros (locative plural)
car (singular vocative)
cari (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Russian царь (carʹ, “tsar”), itself a borrowing, ultimately from Latin Caesar; cf. the parallel form ķeizars (“emperor”).

cars Pēteris Lielais

cara valdība, monarhija

cara galms

cara tronis

cara laikā

tsar (male monarch of the Russian empire (especially before 1721); his title)


elle

elle (nominative singular)
elles (nominative plural)
elles (genitive singular)
eļļu (genitive plural)
ellei (dative singular)
ellēm (dative plural)
elli (accusative singular)
elles (accusative plural)
elli (instrumental singular)
ellēm (instrumental plural)
ellē (locative singular)
ellēs (locative plural)
elle (singular vocative)
elles (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Middle Dutch elle or Middle Low German helle (compare German Hölle, English hell). It is mentioned already in 16th-century literature and 17th-century dictionaries.

(theology) hell (in many religions, the place where some or all souls go after death)

nonākt ellē

elles krāsns

elles mocības

(Christianity) hell (where the souls of sinners go after death to be punished by devils)


rats

rats (nominative singular)
rati (nominative plural)
rata (genitive singular)
ratu (genitive plural)
ratam (dative singular)
ratiem (dative plural)
ratu (accusative singular)
ratus (accusative plural)
ratu (instrumental singular)
ratiem (instrumental plural)
ratā (locative singular)
ratos (locative plural)
rat (singular vocative)
rati (plural vocative)

From Proto-Indo-European *ret(h), *rot(h). Cognates include Lithuanian rãtas (“wheel”), Sanskrit रथ (ratha, “chariot”), Old High German rad (“wheel”) (German Rad (“wheel”)), Latin rota (“wheel”) (Portuguese roda, Spanish rueda, Italian ruota, Romanian roată, French roue), Albanian rreth (“hoop, circle, wheel rim”).

cog

stūres rats

dzirnavu rats

spara rats, spararats

ķēdes pārvada rats

laimes rats

pagriezt atpakaļ, apturēt vēstures ratu

to turn back, to stop the wheel of history

wheel (circular device that rotates on its axis)


kālijs

kālijs (nominative singular)
kālija (genitive singular)
kālijam (dative singular)
kāliju (accusative singular)
kāliju (instrumental singular)
kālijā (locative singular)
kālij (singular vocative)

From Arabic القِلْي (al-qily, “ash, base (alkali)”).

uder

kālija jodīds

kālija permanganāts

potassium (metallic chemical element, with atomic number 19)


Romans

Роман Роман#Russian

A transliteration of the Russian male given name Роман (Roman)

A respelling of the Czech male given name Roman


polis

lv-noun

polis m (2nd declension, feminine form: poliete)

poliete (feminine)
polis (nominative singular)
poļi (nominative plural)
poļa (genitive singular)
poļu (genitive plural)
polim (dative singular)
poļiem (dative plural)
poli (accusative singular)
poļus (accusative plural)
poli (instrumental singular)
poļiem (instrumental plural)
polī (locative singular)
poļos (locative plural)
poli (singular vocative)
poļi (plural vocative)

Ultimately from Polish polak, Russian поля́к (polják) (under the influence of Old High German pōl — cf. German, English Pole — and perhaps also of Latvian dialectal bolis, polis (“ox without horns”)), itself derived from Polish pole (“field”), perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *pel- (“light (color), gray”).

cog

pēc Livonijas kara poļi ieguva Vidzemi un Latgali

after the Livonian War the Poles obtained Vidzeme and Latgale

a Pole, a Polish man, a man born in Poland

poļu valoda

poļu māksla

(genitive plural) Polish; pertaining to Poland and its people


Amanda

Derived from Latin Amanda. First recorded as a given name of Latvians in 1893.


bits

bits (nominative singular)
biti (nominative plural)
bita (genitive singular)
bitu (genitive plural)
bitam (dative singular)
bitiem (dative plural)
bitu (accusative singular)
bitus (accusative plural)
bitu (instrumental singular)
bitiem (instrumental plural)
bitā (locative singular)
bitos (locative plural)
bit (singular vocative)
biti (plural vocative)


viens

viens (masculine nominative singular)
vieni (masculine nominative plural)
viena (feminine nominative singular)
vienas (feminine nominative plural)
viena (genitive masculine singular)
vienu (genitive masculine plural)
vienas (feminine genitive singular)
vienu (feminine genitive plural)
vienam (dative masculine singular)
vieniem (dative masculine plural)
vienai (dative feminine singular)
vienām (dative feminine plural)
vienu (accusative masculine singular)
vienus (accusative masculine plural)
vienu (accusative feminine singular)
vienas (accusative feminine plural)
vienu (instrumental masculine singular)
vieniem (instrumental masculine plural)
vienu (feminine instrumental singular)
vienām (feminine instrumental plural)
vienā (locative masculine singular)
vienos (locative masculine plural)
vienā (feminine locative singular)
vienās (feminine locative plural)

From Proto-Baltic *eynos (with ey > ie metathesis; note that some 17th-century Kurzeme and Zemgale dialects still had some forms with ey), from Proto-Balto-Slavic *aiˀnas, from a Proto-Indo-European *éyno-, *éynos, from *éy, *óy (“he, it”) (non-Baltic cognates derive from o-grade *óy; compare Proto-Indo-European *h₁óynos (“one”)) with a suffix *-nos, which originally had an adjectival meaning.
The Eastern Baltic cognates (unlike Old Prussian) have an initial v, which suggests an intermediate Eastern Baltic form *weynos. This initial *w may result from sporadic word-initial consonant-joining phenomena, or from a possible particle *w-, *we-.
Cognates of viens include Lithuanian víenas, Old Prussian ains, Gothic 𐌰𐌹𐌽𐍃 (ains), German eins, English one, Old Irish oín, Ancient Greek οἰνός (oinós, “one (when throwing dice)”), Latin ūnus (< *oinos). From the form *eynos comes also Proto-Slavic *inъ, *edinъ, *edьnъ (“one”) (Old Church Slavonic ѥдинъ (jedinŭ), ѥдьнъ (jedĭnŭ), Ukrainian, Russian оди́н (odín), Belarusian адзі́н (adzín), Bulgarian еди́н (edín), Czech, Slovak, Polish jeden.

pieci un viens ir seši

no diviem atņemt vienu

one (the cipher, the cardinal number one)

pulkstenis ir viens

pulkstenis ir pāri vieniem

no vieniem līdz diviem

vilciens pienāk vienos

one o'clock (a moment in time; one hour after midnight, or after noon)

saskaitīt vienus ar vieniem, desmitus ar desmitiem

to add the ones with the ones, the tens with the tens

(arithmetic, used as a noun) one, unit (the digit in the last position in a number)


administrators

lv-noun

administrators m (1st declension, feminine form: administratore)

administratore (feminine)
administrators (nominative singular)
administratori (nominative plural)
administratora (genitive singular)
administratoru (genitive plural)
administratoram (dative singular)
administratoriem (dative plural)
administratoru (accusative singular)
administratorus (accusative plural)
administratoru (instrumental singular)
administratoriem (instrumental plural)
administratorā (locative singular)
administratoros (locative plural)
administrator (singular vocative)
administratori (plural vocative)

Via other European languages, ultimately borrowed from Latin administrātor, a nominalized form of the verb administrō (“to attend upon, to assist”), i.e. “he who assists, attends upon.”

teātra administrators

cirka administrators

administratora talants

atcerējos, ka vienai manai institūta biedrenei ir pazīstams filharmonijas administrators

I remembered that one of my female colleagues at the Institute knows the manager of the philharmonic

(male) administrator, manager (male official who performs certain tasks pertaining to the organization and functioning of an institution)


Lolita

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in 1928. From Spanish Lolita. Character in the play Lolitas brīnumputns (1926) by Anna Brigadere.


Alla

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in 1888. Partly from Russian Алла (Alla), a name of uncertain origin, or shortened from Aleksandra.

А́лла Алла#Russian

A transliteration of the Russian female given name А́лла (Álla).

A transliteration of the Ukrainian female given name А́лла (Álla).


Alma

First recorded as a given name of Latvians during 1825 - 1850 . From Latin alma, and a contraction of Amālija.

a female given name, equivalent to English Alma


Anda

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in 1927. From Andrejs (“Andrew”) or Amanda. Name of a character in the play Pūt, vējiņi (1913) by Rainis.


Andra

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in 1969. Feminine form of Andris, from Andrejs (“Andrew”).


Anna

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in 1454. From Vulgate Latin Anna, from Ancient Greek Ἄννα (Ánna), equal to the Hebrew female name חַנָּה (ḥannâ) of Old Testament, meaning "grace, gracious". Cognate with English Ann.

a female given name, equivalent to English Ann

А́нна Анна#Russian

A transliteration of the Russian female given name А́нна (Ánna).

A respelling of the English female given name Ann.

A respelling of the English or French female given name Anne.


Dita

First recorded as a given name of Latvians during 1950 - 1975 . Short for German compound names beginning with Diet-, such as Dietlinde, from the Old High German element thiot (“people”). Related to Danish Ditte.


Linda

First recorded as a given name of Latvians at the end of the 19th century. From Estonian Linda, and also of Germanic origin.


Margarita

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in 1210. From Latin Margarita, ultimately from Ancient Greek μαργαρίτης (margarítēs). Cognate to English Margaret.


Marina

Derived from Latin Marīna or a variant of Marija (“Mary”). First recorded as a given name of Latvians in 1721.

Мари́на Марина#Russian

A transliteration of the Russian female given name Мари́на (Marína)


Una

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in 1938. From Latin una (“one”), or possibly from English Una.


Vera

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in 1876. From Russian Ве́ра (Véra).

Ве́ра Вера#Russian

A transliteration of the Russian female given name Ве́ра (Véra).


Vita

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in early 20th century. From Latin Vita, Vitus.


kurt

head

kurt (transitive, 1st conjugation, present kuru, kur, kur, past kūru)

conjugation (first-person)
kuru (present)
kur (present)
kūru (past)
kuru (first-person indicative present singular)
kūru (first-person indicative past singular)
kuršu (first-person future indicative singular)
kur (indicative present second-person singular)
kūri (indicative past second-person singular)
kursi (future indicative second-person singular)
kur (imperative second-person singular)
kur (indicative present singular third-person)
kūra (indicative past singular third-person)
kurs (future indicative singular third-person)
lai kur (imperative singular third-person)
kuram (first-person indicative plural present)
kūrām (first-person indicative past plural)
kursim (first-person future indicative plural)
kursim (first-person imperative plural)
kurat (indicative plural present second-person)
kūrāt (indicative past plural second-person)
kursiet (future indicative plural second-person)
kursit (future indicative plural second-person)
kuriet (imperative plural second-person)
kur (indicative plural present third-person)
kūra (indicative past plural third-person)
kurs (future indicative plural third-person)
lai kur (imperative plural third-person)
kurot (present renarrative)
kurošs (active adjectival participle participle-1 present)
esot kūris (past renarrative)
kurdams (active adverbial participle participle-2 present)
kuršot (future renarrative)
kurot (active adverbial participle participle-3 present)
lai kurot (imperative)
kuram (active participle participle-4 present)
kūris (active participle past)
kurtu (conditional present)
kurams (participle passive present)
būtu kūris (conditional past)
kurts (participle passive past)
jākur (debitive indicative)
būt jākur (debitive indicative)
kurt (infinitive)
esot jākur (conjunctive conjunctive-1 debitive)
nekurt (infinitive negative)
jākurot (conjunctive conjunctive-2 debitive)
kuršana (noun-from-verb)

From Proto-Baltic *kur-, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *kēr-, *ker-, from Proto-Indo-European *kr̥-, *ker- (“to cut”) (whence also cirst (“to cut, to strike”), q.v.).
Given that in ancient times fire was produced by striking (e.g., a flint against metal), it is possible that kurt uguni originally meant “to cut, strike fire.” It is also possible that the meaning of kurt was influenced by that of a homophonous Proto-Indo-European stem *ker- (“to burn, to heat”) (whence karst, q.v., and also German Herd, English hearth), which may ultimately be related to *ker- (“to cut”). Cognates include Lithuanian kùrti (“to make fire; to make, to build, to found; to create; to run”), Old Prussian kūra (“he built”).

cog

kurt uguni, ugunskuru

kurt krāsni, plīti

to light, to ignite (to make something start burning or producing heat)


rota

rota (nominative singular)
rotas (nominative plural)
rotas (genitive singular)
rotu (genitive plural)
rotai (dative singular)
rotām (dative plural)
rotu (accusative singular)
rotas (accusative plural)
rotu (instrumental singular)
rotām (instrumental plural)
rotā (locative singular)
rotās (locative plural)
rota (singular vocative)
rotas (plural vocative)


austere

austere (nominative singular)
austeres (nominative plural)
austeres (genitive singular)
austeru (genitive plural)
austerei (dative singular)
austerēm (dative plural)
austeri (accusative singular)
austeres (accusative plural)
austeri (instrumental singular)
austerēm (instrumental plural)
austerē (locative singular)
austerēs (locative plural)
austere (singular vocative)
austeres (plural vocative)

Perhaps related to Ancient Greek ὄστρεον (óstreon).

austeru zveja

rīt austeres

austeru lasītāji un lasītājas tur brida kailām kājām

male and female oyster collectors were wading there (= in shallow water) barefoot

oyster (certain edible bivalve mollusks of the order Ostreida)


java

java (nominative singular)
javas (nominative plural)
javas (genitive singular)
javu (genitive plural)
javai (dative singular)
javām (dative plural)
javu (accusative singular)
javas (accusative plural)
javu (instrumental singular)
javām (instrumental plural)
javā (locative singular)
javās (locative plural)
java (singular vocative)
javas (plural vocative)

(construction) mortar (building material)


Venera

Venera (nominative singular)
Veneras (genitive singular)
Venerai (dative singular)
Veneru (accusative singular)
Veneru (instrumental singular)
Venerā (locative singular)
Venera (singular vocative)

From Latin Venus (genitive form Veneris).

lv:Venera (dieviete)
lv:Venera (planēta)

planets of the Solar System: Saules sistēmas planētas: Merkurs · Venera · Zeme · Marss · Jupiters · Saturns · Urāns · Neptūns [edit]

(Roman mythology) Venus (Roman goddess of love)

(astronomy) Venus (second planet of the Solar System; astronomic symbol: ♀)


hindi

Hindi; one of the official languages of India


inde

inde (nominative singular)
indes (nominative plural)
indes (genitive singular)
inžu (genitive plural)
indei (dative singular)
indēm (dative plural)
indi (accusative singular)
indes (accusative plural)
indi (instrumental singular)
indēm (instrumental plural)
indē (locative singular)
indēs (locative plural)
inde (singular vocative)
indes (plural vocative)

A 20th-century neologism, introduced in the Scientific Terminology Dictionary (Riga, 1922) to replace a previous Germanism, ģifts. The word was coined by shortening the (old-fashioned, dialectal) word indeve (“illness, disease; bad disposition; evil spirit; poison”), which J. Endzelīns considered either an old Curonian term or a borrowing from Lithuanian (cf. Lithuanian dialectal indėvė (“poison; evil, evil spirit”)), perhaps formed from a prefix *in- (Latvian ie-) and the verb dot (“to give”) or dēt (“to lay (eggs); orig. to put”). The meaning evolution would be similar to that of German Gift: from “something given, put (in)” to “poison.” Another possibility, suggested by the “evil spirit” meaning of the Lithuanian cognate (also attested in older Latvian sources as a name for the devil), is that indeve might come from *in- (“negative”) + dievs, i.e. “no-god” > “evil, evil spirit” (cf. similarly formed nedievs). It is also possible that two similar words, meaning “disease” and “evil spirit,” became homophonous and merged as indeve. It has also been suggested that Middle Dutch inde (“end; death”), inden (“to end life, to die”) could also have influenced indeve, given the strong presence of Dutch sailors and craftsmen in the times of the old Duchy of Courland (1561-1726).

bišu inde

čūsku inde

indes koncentrācija

čūsku indes zobi

indes dziedzeri

sagatavot indi

neitralizēt indi

mūsdienu zinātnei labi zināma ļoti iedarbīga inde: kālija cianīds

a very effective poison is well known to modern science: potassium cyanide

tabakas lapas satur nikotīnu, kas ir stipra sirds inde

the tobacco leaf contains nicotine, which is a strong poison for the heart

poison, venom (substance with deleterious or even fatal effects on living organisms)


ledus

ledus (nominative singular)
ledi (nominative plural)
ledus (genitive singular)
ledu (genitive plural)
ledum (dative singular)
lediem (dative plural)
ledu (accusative singular)
ledus (accusative plural)
ledu (instrumental singular)
lediem (instrumental plural)
ledū (locative singular)
ledos (locative plural)
ledus (singular vocative)
ledi (plural vocative)

From Proto-Baltic *ledús, from Proto-Indo-European *ledʰ- (“ice”), perhaps the same as *leydʰ- (“slippery, to slide”). Cognates include Lithuanian lẽdas, dialectal ledùs, Old Prussian ladis, Latgalian lads, Russian лёд (ljod), Old Church Slavonic ледъ (ledŭ), Czech led, Polish lód.

ledus kristāli

ledus slānis

plāns ledus

lauzt ledu

ledus kūst, lūst, krakšķ

auksts kā ledus

ledus skapis, ledusskapis

ledus balets


deguns

deguns (nominative singular)
deguni (nominative plural)
deguna (genitive singular)
degunu (genitive plural)
degunam (dative singular)
deguniem (dative plural)
degunu (accusative singular)
degunus (accusative plural)
degunu (instrumental singular)
deguniem (instrumental plural)
degunā (locative singular)
degunos (locative plural)
deguns (singular vocative)
deguni (plural vocative)


balts

head

balts (definite baltais, comparative baltāks, superlative visbaltākais, adverb balti)

baltais (definite)
baltāks (comparative)
visbaltākais (superlative)
balti (adverb)
balts (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
balti (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
balta (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
baltas (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
balta (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
baltu (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
baltas (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
baltu (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
baltam (dative indefinite masculine singular)
baltiem (dative indefinite masculine plural)
baltai (dative feminine indefinite singular)
baltām (dative feminine indefinite plural)
baltu (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
baltus (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
baltu (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
baltas (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
baltu (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
baltiem (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
baltu (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
baltām (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
baltā (indefinite locative masculine singular)
baltos (indefinite locative masculine plural)
baltā (feminine indefinite locative singular)
baltās (feminine indefinite locative plural)

From an unattested verb *balt (“to become white”) (of which balts originally was the past participle form; compare Lithuanian bálti, and Latvian 17th-century derived verb baltīt (“to make, paint something white”), later replaced by other verbs, derived from balts: from Proto-Baltic *bal-, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰel-, *bʰol- (“shiny, white”). Cognates include Lithuanian báltas, Sudovian bałtas. In several Indo-European languages, reflexes of the stem *bʰel-, *bʰol- are often found in words relating to water or humid places, probably due to their shiny, reflective surfaces: Illyrian *balta (“marsh, swamp”), Albanian baltë (“mud, sludge, swamp”), Proto-Slavic *bolto (“swamp, lake”) (Old Church Slavonic блато (blato, “lake”), Russian болото (boloto, “marsh, swamp”) (dialectal “puddle, lake”), Czech bláto (“mud; pl. swamp”), Polish błoto (“mud, swamp”)). This usage is also attested in Baltic languages, as in, e.g., Old Prussian placename Namuynbalt (swamp). It left also traces in Latvian, in the names of lakes or swamps (Baltenis, Baltiņa purvs), and is a possible source of the word balti (“Balts, Baltic”).

cog

baltās naktis

white nights (polar nights in summer, without darkness)

baltie asinsķermenīši

baltais vīns

balta bārda

galva balta kā ābele

head white as an apple tree (= gray hair)

white (light, not dark; without color; gray)


alus

alus (nominative singular)
alus (genitive singular)
alum (dative singular)
alu (accusative singular)
alu (instrumental singular)
alū (locative singular)
alus (singular vocative)

From Proto-Baltic *álu, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂elut- (“bitter”). A minority view considers the Latvian and Lithuanian terms to be ultimately borrowings from Germanic, via Old Prussian. Cognates include Lithuanian alùs, Old Prussian alu (“honey drink”), Old East Slavic олъ (olŭ, “strong drink”), Bulgarian олови́на (olovína, “beer yeast”), Slovene ôl (“beer”)|ol, Old English ealu, alu, English ale, Old Norse ǫl (“beer; feast”), Ancient Greek ἀλύδοιμος (alúdoimos, “bitter”).

gaišais alus

tumšais alus

mājas alus

amatnieku alus

medalus

alus muca

alus kauss

alus darītava

brewery (literally, “beer making place”)

alus rūpniecība

darīt, vārīt alu

to make (literally, “to do”), to brew (literally, “to boil”) beer

Jāņiem tika brūvēts alus, un nu staigāja no mutes uz muti liela, zaļa māla krūze, putām pārsegta, rūgteni smaržīga dzēriena pilna

in midsummer beer was brewed, and then a big, green clay jug went from mouth to mouth, covered with foam and full of (that) bitter, aromatic drink

beer (alcoholic beverage usually made with barley malt and hops)


filozofija

filozofija (nominative singular)
filozofijas (genitive singular)
filozofijai (dative singular)
filozofiju (accusative singular)
filozofiju (instrumental singular)
filozofijā (locative singular)
filozofija (singular vocative)

Via other European languages, ultimately from Latin philosophia, from Ancient Greek φιλοσοφία (philosophía), from φίλος (phílos, “beloved, friend”) and σοφία (sophía, “wisdom”) (with the suffix -ία (-ía), Latvian -ija).

filozofijas vēsture

(chiefly in the singular) philosophy (the study of ultimate, fundamental principles in nature, thought, and spirit)

matemātikas filozofija

valodas filozofija

(chiefly in the singular) philosophy (the fundamental principles of a science or topic of study)


Sofija

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in 1508. Ultimately from Ancient Greek σοφία (sophía, “wisdom”).

a female given name from Ancient Greek, equivalent to English Sophia


desa

desa (nominative singular)
desas (nominative plural)
desas (genitive singular)
desu (genitive plural)
desai (dative singular)
desām (dative plural)
desu (accusative singular)
desas (accusative plural)
desu (instrumental singular)
desām (instrumental plural)
desā (locative singular)
desās (locative plural)
desa (singular vocative)
desas (plural vocative)

From Proto-Baltic *deš-, from Proto-Indo-European *deḱ- (“to cut, to sever, to split into fibers”). A minority opinion derives desa from a different stem *deḱ- (“to remove, to take out”). Cognates include Lithuanian dešrà, dialectal dešerà, Gothic 𐍄𐌰𐌲𐌻 (tagl, “hair”), Old Norse tagl (“horsehair”), Old High German zagal (“tail, rod”), Old English tægl (“tail”), English tail, Sanskrit देशा (deśā, “fringe of cloth; lamp wick”).

cog

cūkgaļas desa

aknu desa

žāvētās desas

desās pārstrādā gaļu un iekšējos orgānus

one processes meat and internal organs into sausages

brālis skubināja, lai pamērcējot desu sinepēs

the brother urged for the sausage to be seasoned in mustard

sausage (meat product made of ground meat and seasonings stuffed into an animal's intestine or some similar cylindrical material)


taka

taka (nominative singular)
takas (nominative plural)
takas (genitive singular)
taku (genitive plural)
takai (dative singular)
takām (dative plural)
taku (accusative singular)
takas (accusative plural)
taku (instrumental singular)
takām (instrumental plural)
takā (locative singular)
takās (locative plural)
taka (singular vocative)
takas (plural vocative)

From Proto-Indo-European *tekʷ- (“to flow”); compare tecēt (“to flow, trickle”).


Rita

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in 1896. Short form of Margarita.


ikona

ikona (nominative singular)
ikonas (nominative plural)
ikonas (genitive singular)
ikonu (genitive plural)
ikonai (dative singular)
ikonām (dative plural)
ikonu (accusative singular)
ikonas (accusative plural)
ikonu (instrumental singular)
ikonām (instrumental plural)
ikonā (locative singular)
ikonās (locative plural)
ikona (singular vocative)
ikonas (plural vocative)


celle

celle (nominative singular)
celles (nominative plural)
celles (genitive singular)
ceļļu (genitive plural)
cellei (dative singular)
cellēm (dative plural)
celli (accusative singular)
celles (accusative plural)
celli (instrumental singular)
cellēm (instrumental plural)
cellē (locative singular)
cellēs (locative plural)
celle (singular vocative)
celles (plural vocative)

cell (room in a monastery for sleeping one person)


Bruno

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in the end of the 19th century. Cognate to German and English Bruno.

a male given name, equivalent to English Bruno


plats

head

plats (definite platais, comparative platāks, superlative visplatākais, adverb plati)

platais (definite)
platāks (comparative)
visplatākais (superlative)
plati (adverb)
plats (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
plati (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
plata (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
platas (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
plata (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
platu (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
platas (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
platu (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
platam (dative indefinite masculine singular)
platiem (dative indefinite masculine plural)
platai (dative feminine indefinite singular)
platām (dative feminine indefinite plural)
platu (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
platus (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
platu (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
platas (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
platu (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
platiem (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
platu (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
platām (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
platā (indefinite locative masculine singular)
platos (indefinite locative masculine plural)
platā (feminine indefinite locative singular)
platās (feminine indefinite locative plural)

From Proto-Baltic *platús, from *pl̥th₂us < *pleth₂- (“flat”). In Latvian, former u-stem adjectives were assimilated into other classes; *platus gave rise to both an o-stem and a yo-stem variant which later on became independent words, plats and plašs, with different semantic nuances (compare also dobs and dobjš, or ass and ašs); this separation began in the 18th century but became complete only in the 1870s. Cognates include Lithuanian platùs, Old Prussian plat- (from a placename, Platmedyen, where median = “forest”), Sanskrit पृथु (pṛthu, “broad, wide, great, powerful”), Ancient Greek πλατύς (platús, “broad, wide, flat, smooth”).

cog

platais patskanis

platais e, ē ― broad, lax e, ē (i.e., [æ] instead of [ɛ])

(phonetics) broad, lax (pronounced with relatively large mouth opening)


masa

masa (nominative singular)
masas (nominative plural)
masas (genitive singular)
masu (genitive plural)
masai (dative singular)
masām (dative plural)
masu (accusative singular)
masas (accusative plural)
masu (instrumental singular)
masām (instrumental plural)
masā (locative singular)
masās (locative plural)
masa (singular vocative)
masas (plural vocative)


elements

elements (nominative singular)
elementi (nominative plural)
elementa (genitive singular)
elementu (genitive plural)
elementam (dative singular)
elementiem (dative plural)
elementu (accusative singular)
elementus (accusative plural)
elementu (instrumental singular)
elementiem (instrumental plural)
elementā (locative singular)
elementos (locative plural)
element (singular vocative)
elementi (plural vocative)


Larisa

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in the end of the 19th century. From Russian Лари́са (Larísa).

Лари́са Лариса#Russian

A transliteration of the Russian female given name Лари́са (Larísa).


disks

disks (nominative singular)
diski (nominative plural)
diska (genitive singular)
disku (genitive plural)
diskam (dative singular)
diskiem (dative plural)
disku (accusative singular)
diskus (accusative plural)
disku (instrumental singular)
diskiem (instrumental plural)
diskā (locative singular)
diskos (locative plural)
disk (singular vocative)
diski (plural vocative)

diska mešana


vats

vats (nominative singular)
vati (nominative plural)
vata (genitive singular)
vatu (genitive plural)
vatam (dative singular)
vatiem (dative plural)
vatu (accusative singular)
vatus (accusative plural)
vatu (instrumental singular)
vatiem (instrumental plural)
vatā (locative singular)
vatos (locative plural)
vat (singular vocative)
vati (plural vocative)


tips

tips (nominative singular)
tipi (nominative plural)
tipa (genitive singular)
tipu (genitive plural)
tipam (dative singular)
tipiem (dative plural)
tipu (accusative singular)
tipus (accusative plural)
tipu (instrumental singular)
tipiem (instrumental plural)
tipā (locative singular)
tipos (locative plural)
tip (singular vocative)
tipi (plural vocative)

Via some other European language, ultimately borrowed from Latin typus, itself a borrowing from Ancient Greek τύπος (túpos, “mark, impression, type”).

der

tips ir augstākā kategorija dzīvnieku klasifikācija

the type is the highest category of animal classification

(zoology) type (highest category in animal systematics)


tante

lv-noun

tante f (5th declension, masculine form: tēvocis)

tante (canonical feminine)
onkulis (canonical)
tēvocis (masculine)
tante (nominative singular)
tantes (nominative plural)
tantes (genitive singular)
tanšu (genitive plural)
tantei (dative singular)
tantēm (dative plural)
tanti (accusative singular)
tantes (accusative plural)
tanti (instrumental singular)
tantēm (instrumental plural)
tantē (locative singular)
tantēs (locative plural)
tante (singular vocative)
tantes (plural vocative)

Borrowed from German Tante (“aunt”), itself a borrowing from French tante (“aunt”). This borrowing was first mentioned in 18th-century Latvian texts.

dzīvot pie tantes

tante Betsija

aunt (father's sister or mother's sister; father's brother's wife or mother's brother's wife)

Peterēna vienaudži mani jau uzrunā par tanti

Peterēns (= Little Peter)'s friends called me aunt

atbrauca inspektors un viena tante no arodbiedrības, veca meita

the inspector came with an aunt from the trade union, an old girl

aunt (a grown woman, in relation to a child, even if not the child's real aunt)


heraldika

heraldika (nominative singular)
heraldikas (nominative plural)
heraldikas (genitive singular)
heraldiku (genitive plural)
heraldikai (dative singular)
heraldikām (dative plural)
heraldiku (accusative singular)
heraldikas (accusative plural)
heraldiku (instrumental singular)
heraldikām (instrumental plural)
heraldikā (locative singular)
heraldikās (locative plural)
heraldika (singular vocative)
heraldikas (plural vocative)

heraldika ir pētīšana ģerbonu

pilsoniskā heraldika

baznīcas heraldika

karaliskā heraldika


pils

pils (nominative singular)
pilis (nominative plural)
pils (genitive singular)
piļu (genitive plural)
pilij (dative singular)
pilīm (dative plural)
pili (accusative singular)
pilis (accusative plural)
pili (instrumental singular)
pilīm (instrumental plural)
pilī (locative singular)
pilīs (locative plural)
pils (singular vocative)
pilis (plural vocative)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *pilis, from Proto-Indo-European *pl̥h₁-í-s, from *tpelH- (“stronghold”). Cognate with Ancient Greek πόλις (pólis), Sanskrit पुर (pura), Lithuanian pilis.

prezidenta pils

pils sardze

palace (residence of a monarch or head of state; large, luxurious residence)


sports

sports (nominative singular)
sporta (genitive singular)
sportam (dative singular)
sportu (accusative singular)
sportu (instrumental singular)
sportā (locative singular)
sport (singular vocative)

Probably via other European languages, ultimately borrowed from English sport.

sēņošana viņam ir sports


Elvis

First recorded in 1965. From English Elvis. By folk etymology it can be interpreted as a masculine form of Elva or a variant of Alvis.


aleja

aleja (nominative singular)
alejas (nominative plural)
alejas (genitive singular)
aleju (genitive plural)
alejai (dative singular)
alejām (dative plural)
aleju (accusative singular)
alejas (accusative plural)
aleju (instrumental singular)
alejām (instrumental plural)
alejā (locative singular)
alejās (locative plural)
aleja (singular vocative)
alejas (plural vocative)


balti

balti noberzts galds


lode

lode (nominative singular)
lodes (nominative plural)
lodes (genitive singular)
ložu (genitive plural)
lodei (dative singular)
lodēm (dative plural)
lodi (accusative singular)
lodes (accusative plural)
lodi (instrumental singular)
lodēm (instrumental plural)
lodē (locative singular)
lodēs (locative plural)
lode (singular vocative)
lodes (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Middle Low German lode (“piece of lead (used as weight), plummet”), or perhaps from an East Frisian word (compare Saterland Frisian Lood) or Middle Dutch lood, which all had the same meaning (compare German Lot (“plummet, solder”)), itself a borrowing from Celtic (originally meaning “easily melting metal”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *plewd- (“to flow”), whence also Latvian plūst (“to stream, to flow”). This borrowing is first attested in 17th-century dictionaries.

bor

lodes diametrs

lodes rādiuss

lodes tilpums

zemes lode, zemeslode

koka, dzelzs lode

grūst lodi

object with spherical form; (sports) ball


Nina

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in early 20th century. From Russian Ни́на (Nína).

Ни́на Нина#Russian

A transliteration of the Russian female given name Ни́на (Nína).


students

lv-noun

students m (1st declension, feminine form: studente)

studente (feminine)
students (nominative singular)
studenti (nominative plural)
studenta (genitive singular)
studentu (genitive plural)
studentam (dative singular)
studentiem (dative plural)
studentu (accusative singular)
studentus (accusative plural)
studentu (instrumental singular)
studentiem (instrumental plural)
studentā (locative singular)
studentos (locative plural)
student (singular vocative)
studenti (plural vocative)

student (a person studying at a higher, less often secondary, education institution)


vaina

vaina (nominative singular)
vainas (nominative plural)
vainas (genitive singular)
vainu (genitive plural)
vainai (dative singular)
vainām (dative plural)
vainu (accusative singular)
vainas (accusative plural)
vainu (instrumental singular)
vainām (instrumental plural)
vainā (locative singular)
vainās (locative plural)
vaina (singular vocative)
vainas (plural vocative)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *wei-, *wai- (with an added suffix -nā-), from Proto-Indo-European *wey- (“to move, go ahead; to be strong”).
Cognates include Lithuanian vainóti (“to criticize, to scold”) (compare archaic Lithuanian vaina (“error, transgression”)), Old Prussian etwinūt (“to blame”) (maybe a borrowing from Slavic), Russian, Ukrainian, Bulgarian вина́ (viná), Belarusian віна́ (viná, “fault, guilt, transgression”).

cog

ja viņš nestrādā, tad tā ir tikai slinkuma vaina

if he doesn't work, it is only because of laziness


verbs

verbs (nominative singular)
verbi (nominative plural)
verba (genitive singular)
verbu (genitive plural)
verbam (dative singular)
verbiem (dative plural)
verbu (accusative singular)
verbus (accusative plural)
verbu (instrumental singular)
verbiem (instrumental plural)
verbā (locative singular)
verbos (locative plural)
verb (singular vocative)
verbi (plural vocative)

Via other European languages, ultimately borrowed from Latin verbum (“word”).

refleksīvie verbi

pārejošie (transitīvie) verbi

nepārejošie (intransitīvie) verbi

verba kategorijas

verba pamatformas

verba konjugācija

verbu atvasināšana

(grammar) verb (a word that indicates an action, event or state; the head of the predicate)


aborts

aborts (nominative singular)
aborti (nominative plural)
aborta (genitive singular)
abortu (genitive plural)
abortam (dative singular)
abortiem (dative plural)
abortu (accusative singular)
abortus (accusative plural)
abortu (instrumental singular)
abortiem (instrumental plural)
abortā (locative singular)
abortos (locative plural)
abort (singular vocative)
aborti (plural vocative)

ārsts atteicās veikt abortu

the doctor refused to perform the abortion

(medicine) abortion (premature termination of pregnancy before the full 22 weeks, spontaneous or artificial)

(veterinary medicine) abortion (premature natural termination or artificial termination of pregnancy in animals)


runa

runa (nominative singular)
runas (nominative plural)
runas (genitive singular)
runu (genitive plural)
runai (dative singular)
runām (dative plural)
runu (accusative singular)
runas (accusative plural)
runu (instrumental singular)
runām (instrumental plural)
runā (locative singular)
runās (locative plural)
runa (singular vocative)
runas (plural vocative)

From Proto-Indo-European *reu-, *ru-, imitative of speech sounds (from which also Latvian rūkt (“to roar, growl, snarl”), Russian рычать (ryčatʹ, “to roar, growl, snarl”)) with a suffix *-nā. Cognates include Old Irish run, Gothic 𐍂𐌿𐌽𐌰 (rūna, “secret, mystery”) (i.e., that which is said as a secret), Old English rūn, Old Saxon rūna, Middle Low German rūne (“mysterious whisper; runic character”), Old Norse rýna (“to talk secretly”), Old English rūnian (“to whisper; to plot, conspire”), Old High German rūnēn, German raunen (“to whisper”). Latvian runa probably also meant originally “solemn speech” (maybe “mystic ritual”?); still in the 17-19th centuries it was often used to indicate some special kind of communication (e.g., runas dot “to give advice”, lit. “to give talk”, or runas diena “council meeting”, lit. “talking day”).

tiešā, netiešā runa

(grammar) speech (direct or indirect presentation of someone's words)


Marta

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in 1591. Cognate to English Martha.


cents

cents (nominative singular)
centi (nominative plural)
centa (genitive singular)
centu (genitive plural)
centam (dative singular)
centiem (dative plural)
centu (accusative singular)
centus (accusative plural)
centu (instrumental singular)
centiem (instrumental plural)
centā (locative singular)
centos (locative plural)
cent (singular vocative)
centi (plural vocative)

Via other European languages, ultimately borrowed from Latin centum (“hundred”).

eiro cents

dolāru cents

Latvijas 50 eiro centu monēta

eiro simtdaļa ir cents

the hundredth part of the euro is the cent

Pēdējā mēneša laikā cenas degvielas uzpildes stacijās benzīnam ir samazinātas par astoņiem centiem un dīzeļdegvielai par 11 centiem

during the last month the prices at gas stations have been decresed by eight cents for gasoline and by 11 cents for diesel

cent (a currency subunit (one hundredth of the main unit) used with several currencies, among which the dollar and the euro)


Roberts

First recorded in 1545. Of Germanic origin. Cognate to English Robert.


Paula

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in 1878. From Latin Paula.


adverbs

adverbs (nominative singular)
adverbi (nominative plural)
adverba (genitive singular)
adverbu (genitive plural)
adverbam (dative singular)
adverbiem (dative plural)
adverbu (accusative singular)
adverbus (accusative plural)
adverbu (instrumental singular)
adverbiem (instrumental plural)
adverbā (locative singular)
adverbos (locative plural)
adverb (singular vocative)
adverbi (plural vocative)

Via other European languages, ultimately borrowed from Latin adverbium.

atvasināt adverbus no adjektīviem

(grammar) adverb (a word used to modify a verb, an adjective, an adverb, a phrase or a clause)


rags

rags (nominative singular)
ragi (nominative plural)
raga (genitive singular)
ragu (genitive plural)
ragam (dative singular)
ragiem (dative plural)
ragu (accusative singular)
ragus (accusative plural)
ragu (instrumental singular)
ragiem (instrumental plural)
ragā (locative singular)
ragos (locative plural)
rags (singular vocative)
ragi (plural vocative)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *rágas (“horn”).

brieža rags

govs bez ragiem

(anatomy) horn (solid growth on an animal's head)

(geography, syn. zemesrags) cape (projection of land into water)


suga

suga (nominative singular)
sugas (nominative plural)
sugas (genitive singular)
sugu (genitive plural)
sugai (dative singular)
sugām (dative plural)
sugu (accusative singular)
sugas (accusative plural)
sugu (instrumental singular)
sugām (instrumental plural)
sugā (locative singular)
sugās (locative plural)
suga (singular vocative)
sugas (plural vocative)

Borrowed either from Livonian su’g, or from Estonian sugu.

Sugu izcelšanās

invazīva suga


deja

deja (nominative singular)
dejas (nominative plural)
dejas (genitive singular)
deju (genitive plural)
dejai (dative singular)
dejām (dative plural)
deju (accusative singular)
dejas (accusative plural)
deju (instrumental singular)
dejām (instrumental plural)
dejā (locative singular)
dejās (locative plural)
deja (singular vocative)
dejas (plural vocative)

Formed from the stem of dejot (“to dance”), by analogy with iet (“to go”) : eja (“(act of) going”).

baletas deja

dejas teorija

dejā varbūt vairāk nekā jebkurā citā mākslas veidā mūs aizrauj meistarība

in dance, perhaps more than in any other form of art, we are captivated by workmanship

neviens, kas pats nedejo, nevar iedomāties, cik dejas māksla ir smags darbs

no one who does not himself dance can imagine how much heavy work the art of dance is

(usually singular) dance (form of art expressed via harmonious, rhythmic body movements)

sena, moderna deja

tautas deja

aicināt uz deju

pēc koncerta bija dejas

aicināt uz dejām klubā

dejas solis

deju stundas

deju vakars

deju konkurss

deju kolektīvs

deju dziesma, mūzika

galvenā deja ir valsis; kas to prot, iemācās ātri citas

the main dance is waltz; he who knows it quickly learns others

dance (a performance of this type of art, for aesthetic pleasure or simple enjoyment)

odu, tauriņu deja

ārā ir tumšs, kauc vējš, pārslas griežas trakā dejā

it is dark outside, the wind is howling, the (snow)flakes turn around in a crazy dance

(figuratively) dance (complex, rhythmic movement of small objects or insects)

atskaņot deju

deju orķestris

visiem komponista deju žanra darbiem ir virtuozs raksturs, tā nav sadzīves, bet koncertmūzika

all of the composer's works in the dance genre have virtuoso traits, it is not everyday (music), it is concert music


atoms

atoms (nominative singular)
atomi (nominative plural)
atoma (genitive singular)
atomu (genitive plural)
atomam (dative singular)
atomiem (dative plural)
atomu (accusative singular)
atomus (accusative plural)
atomu (instrumental singular)
atomiem (instrumental plural)
atomā (locative singular)
atomos (locative plural)
atom (singular vocative)
atomi (plural vocative)

From Latin atomus (“smallest particle”) (borrowed via some other European language), from Ancient Greek ἄτομος (átomos, “indivisible”), from ἀ- (a-, “not”) + τέμνω (témnō, “I cut”).

uder

atoma kodols

atoma uzbūve

radioaktīvais atoms

atoma masas vienība

atomu pētīšana

atomu polarizācija

atomu sadursmes

(physics, chemistry) atom (smallest part of a chemical element that still has its chemical properties)


papīrs

papīrs (nominative singular)
papīri (nominative plural)
papīra (genitive singular)
papīru (genitive plural)
papīram (dative singular)
papīriem (dative plural)
papīru (accusative singular)
papīrus (accusative plural)
papīru (instrumental singular)
papīriem (instrumental plural)
papīrā (locative singular)
papīros (locative plural)
papīr (singular vocative)
papīri (plural vocative)

ietinamais papīrs

kopēšanas papīrs

zīmēšanas papīrs

balts, krāsains paprīs

vēstuļu papīrs

lakmusa papīrs

tualetes papīrs

papīras salvetes, papīras maiss

gaismas jūtīgs / gaismjūtīgs papīrs

papīra rūpniecība

(chiefly in the singular) paper (material for writing, printing, wrapping)


akmens

lv-noun

akmens m (2nd declension, irregular nominative, genitive)

akmens (nominative singular)
akmeņi (nominative plural)
akmens (genitive singular)
akmeņu (genitive plural)
akmenim (dative singular)
akmeņiem (dative plural)
akmeni (accusative singular)
akmeņus (accusative plural)
akmeni (instrumental singular)
akmeņiem (instrumental plural)
akmenī (locative singular)
akmeņos (locative plural)
akmeni (singular vocative)
akmeņi (plural vocative)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *ákmō, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éḱ-mō (whence also asmens, originally a parallel form to akmens, created by a different development of *ḱ, perhaps due to Proto-Indo-European dialectal differences), from the stem *h₂éḱ- (“sharp, pointy, angular; stone”) with an extra element -men. Cognates include Lithuanian akmuõ, genitive akmeñs, Sudovian akmi, Hittite [script needed] (aku, “sharp stone”), Sanskrit अश्मन् (aśman, “stone, rock, sky”), Avestan 𐬀𐬯𐬨𐬀𐬥 (asman, “stone, sky”), Ancient Greek ἄκμων (ákmōn, “anvil”), ἀκμή (akmḗ, “spike, edge, blade”); with reduction (zero grade) of the stem (*h₂éḱ-h₂-men > Proto-Slavic *kamy (“stone”)), also Belarusian, Russian ка́мень (kámenʹ), Ukrainian ка́мінь (káminʹ), Bulgarian ка́мен (kámen), Czech kámen, Polish kamień.
According to more recent analyses, the corresponding form may have been *ákmō all the way up to Eastern Baltic unity, thus identical to the Proto-Balto-Slavic form.

cog

ass, šķautņaina akmens

akmens šķembas

akmens slabs, plāksne

akmens klons, sienas, bruģis

mest akmeni

lauzt akmeņus

smags ka akmens

ciets ka akmens

krīt ka akmens

akmens laikmets

stone, rock (non-metallic solid mineral; a piece of such mineral)

akmens sirds

gleznotājs ar nekustīgu akmens seju bija atlaidies atzveltnes krēslā

the painter with the immobile, stone face had let himself down on the armchair

(in the genitive, used as adjective) hard; indifferent, unfeeling, unrelenting, unshakable

žults akmeņi

zobu akmens, zobakmens

nieru akmeņi veidojas nieru bļodiņās

kidney stones are formed in the renal pelvis

(medicine, anatomy) stone, calculus (a hard, usually saline, formation in the body)


upe

upe (nominative singular)
upes (nominative plural)
upes (genitive singular)
upju (genitive plural)
upei (dative singular)
upēm (dative plural)
upi (accusative singular)
upes (accusative plural)
upi (instrumental singular)
upēm (instrumental plural)
upē (locative singular)
upēs (locative plural)
upe (singular vocative)
upes (plural vocative)

In principle, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *apē-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ep-, *h₂op- (“(flowing) water, river”). Cognates include Lithuanian ùpė, dialectal ũpė, upìs, ùpis, Old Prussian ape (“river”), apus (“(water) well”), Sudovian upa (“river”), Hittite ẖap(a) (“river”), Sanskrit आपः (āpaḥ, “water (plural)”), Tocharian A, Tocharian B āp (“water”). The u in Latvian upe (and Lithuanian upė), instead of the expected a, as in the Old Prussian cognate, is difficult to explain. Some suggest that upe was influenced by other words (e.g., Old Prussian wupyan (“cloud”)), others that it is not cognate with Old Prussian ape, but rather a reflex of Proto-Indo-European *eup-, *ūp-, *up- (“to call, to cry, to yell”), or then a specific Eastern Baltic word without a Proto-Indo-European etymology.

strauja, lēna upe

kalnu, līdzenumu upe

upes gultne

upes ieleja

upes baseins

upju sistēma

upes pietekas

upes ieteka, grīva

upes izteka

upes augštece, lejtece

upju transports

upju kuģniecība

(geography) river (permanent watercourse)


melns

head

melns (definite melnais, comparative melnāks, superlative vismelnākais, adverb melni)

melnais (definite)
melnāks (comparative)
vismelnākais (superlative)
melni (adverb)
melns (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
melni (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
melna (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
melnas (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
melna (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
melnu (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
melnas (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
melnu (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
melnam (dative indefinite masculine singular)
melniem (dative indefinite masculine plural)
melnai (dative feminine indefinite singular)
melnām (dative feminine indefinite plural)
melnu (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
melnus (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
melnu (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
melnas (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
melnu (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
melniem (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
melnu (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
melnām (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
melnā (indefinite locative masculine singular)
melnos (indefinite locative masculine plural)
melnā (feminine indefinite locative singular)
melnās (feminine indefinite locative plural)

From Proto-Baltic *mel(n)- (“black, blue”), from Proto-Indo-European *mel- (“dark, red, dirty”). Cognates include Lithuanian mė́lynas (“blue”), Old Prussian melne (“bruise”), Gothic mēla (“writing characters”), Old High German mālōn (“to paint, to draw”), German malen (“to paint”), Sanskrit मल (mala, “dirty”), Ancient Greek μέλας (mélas, “black, dark”) (< *melans), Latin mulleus (“reddish”) (< *mulneyos).

cog

melns kungs

melnā rase

melnie iezemieši


pelēks

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pelēks (definite pelēkais, comparative pelēkāks, superlative vispelēkākais, adverb pelēki)

pelēkais (definite)
pelēkāks (comparative)
vispelēkākais (superlative)
pelēki (adverb)
pelēks (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
pelēki (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
pelēka (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
pelēkas (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
pelēka (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
pelēku (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
pelēkas (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
pelēku (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
pelēkam (dative indefinite masculine singular)
pelēkiem (dative indefinite masculine plural)
pelēkai (dative feminine indefinite singular)
pelēkām (dative feminine indefinite plural)
pelēku (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
pelēkus (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
pelēku (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
pelēkas (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
pelēku (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
pelēkiem (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
pelēku (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
pelēkām (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
pelēkā (indefinite locative masculine singular)
pelēkos (indefinite locative masculine plural)
pelēkā (feminine indefinite locative singular)
pelēkās (feminine indefinite locative plural)

Traditionally derived from pele (“mouse”) (q.v.), from Proto-Indo-European *pel- (“gray, pale”), with a suffix -ek, to refer to an inherent quality of mice. But maybe it was derived directly from *pel-, via a previous adjective *pels (whence the verb pelēt (“to grow moldy, mildewy”) and the dialectal form pelgans (“grayish”), yielding *pel(e)ks (compare 19th-century family name Peleks); the final vowel would then be lengthened by association with pele (“mouse”). Cognates include Lithuanian pilkas.

uder

pelēka ikdiena

pelēka masa

gray (= undifferentiated) mass (of people)

Seja slimniekam kļuvusi pelēka

colorless, commonplace, uninteresting, unhealthy


zaļš

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zaļš (definite zaļais, comparative zaļāks, superlative viszaļākais, adverb zaļi)

zaļais (definite)
zaļāks (comparative)
viszaļākais (superlative)
zaļi (adverb)
zaļš (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
zaļi (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
zaļa (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
zaļas (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
zaļa (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
zaļu (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
zaļas (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
zaļu (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
zaļam (dative indefinite masculine singular)
zaļiem (dative indefinite masculine plural)
zaļai (dative feminine indefinite singular)
zaļām (dative feminine indefinite plural)
zaļu (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
zaļus (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
zaļu (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
zaļas (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
zaļu (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
zaļiem (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
zaļu (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
zaļām (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
zaļā (indefinite locative masculine singular)
zaļos (indefinite locative masculine plural)
zaļā (feminine indefinite locative singular)
zaļās (feminine indefinite locative plural)

From Proto-Baltic *zel-, *zal-, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰelh₃- (“to shine”), whence also zelts (“gold”) and several other color terms (e.g., zils, dzeltens). In fact, the color meaning of this term was at first not as specific as it is today: compare the dialectal variant zals (“brown, reddish-yellow, light red”), and also several borrowings from Baltic languages: Estonian haljas (“bright, shiny, shiny green”) (< *žaļas), Finnish haljakka (“pale, pale gray”). Under the influence of zāle (“grass”), its meaning stabilized as “green”. Cognates include Lithuanian žãlias, Old Prussian saligan (zaljan, zalgan?), Old Church Slavonic зеленъ (zelenŭ), Russian зелёный (zeljónyj), Bulgarian зеле́н (zelén), Czech zelený, Polish zielony.

cog

viņš necieš jūras; kā uzpūš stingrāks vējš, tā paliek zaļš ģīmī un vemj

he can't suffer the sea; when the wind blows stronger, his face becomes green and he vomits

(of people's faces) pale, unhealthy color


zils

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zils (definite zilais, comparative zilāks, superlative viszilākais, adverb zili)

zilais (definite)
zilāks (comparative)
viszilākais (superlative)
zili (adverb)
zils (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
zili (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
zila (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
zilas (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
zila (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
zilu (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
zilas (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
zilu (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
zilam (dative indefinite masculine singular)
ziliem (dative indefinite masculine plural)
zilai (dative feminine indefinite singular)
zilām (dative feminine indefinite plural)
zilu (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
zilus (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
zilu (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
zilas (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
zilu (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
ziliem (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
zilu (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
zilām (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
zilā (indefinite locative masculine singular)
zilos (indefinite locative masculine plural)
zilā (feminine indefinite locative singular)
zilās (feminine indefinite locative plural)

From Proto-Baltic *žilas, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰelh₃- (“to shine”), the same stem as zelts (“gold”) (q.v.) and several color terms (compare dzeltens (“yellow”), zaļš (“green”). This word must have been formed relatively late, after the differentiation of Baltic and Slavic, since, unlike “yellow” and “green,” it has no counterparts among the Slavic terms for “blue.” Cognates include Lithuanian žìlas (“gray, silvery-white”).

cog

zilie ceriņi

blue (having a tone or hue similar to blue when compared to other, related elements)