cirvis

cirvis (nominative singular)
cirvji (nominative plural)
cirvja (genitive singular)
cirvju (genitive plural)
cirvim (dative singular)
cirvjiem (dative plural)
cirvi (accusative singular)
cirvjus (accusative plural)
cirvi (instrumental singular)
cirvjiem (instrumental plural)
cirvī (locative singular)
cirvjos (locative plural)
cirvi (singular vocative)
cirvji (plural vocative)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *kirw(i)os, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to cut”).


robots

robots (nominative singular)
roboti (nominative plural)
robota (genitive singular)
robotu (genitive plural)
robotam (dative singular)
robotiem (dative plural)
robotu (accusative singular)
robotus (accusative plural)
robotu (instrumental singular)
robotiem (instrumental plural)
robotā (locative singular)
robotos (locative plural)
robot (singular vocative)
roboti (plural vocative)

From Czech robot, from robota (“drudgery, servitude”). Coined in the 1921 science-fiction play R.U.R. (Rossum's Universal Robots) by Karel Čapek after having been suggested to him by his brother Josef http://ui.fpf.slu.cz/persons/Kelemen/articles/HorKelALIFEIXDef.pdf, and taken into other languages without change.

(science fiction) robot (intelligent machine designed to look like a human being)


zarna

zarna (nominative singular)
zarnas (nominative plural)
zarnas (genitive singular)
zarnu (genitive plural)
zarnai (dative singular)
zarnām (dative plural)
zarnu (accusative singular)
zarnas (accusative plural)
zarnu (instrumental singular)
zarnām (instrumental plural)
zarnā (locative singular)
zarnās (locative plural)
zarna (singular vocative)
zarnas (plural vocative)

From Proto-Baltic *źer-, *źar- (with an extra suffix *-nā), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰer- (“bowel, intestine”). In the 17th and 18th centuries, several variants of this stem are attested: zarnis, zarns, sarna. Cognates include Lithuanian žárna, žarnà, Old Norse gǫrn, Old High German garn, Middle Low German garn (“yarn”), German Garn (“yarn”), Albanian zorrë (“intestine”), Sanskrit हिरः (hiraḥ, “tape, stripe”), हिरा (hirā, “vein”), Ancient Greek χορδή (khordḗ), Latin haruspex (“diviner who reads the intestines of sacrificed animals”).

cog

zarnu trakts

zarnu sieniņa

tievā zarna

resnā zarna

taisnā zarna

zarnu darbība

bowel movement (lit. intestine activity)

zarnu slimības

zarnu iekaisums

zarnu parazīti

(anatomy, often plural) intestine, bowel (part of the digestive tract between the stomach and the anus)


siers

siers (nominative singular)
sieri (nominative plural)
siera (genitive singular)
sieru (genitive plural)
sieram (dative singular)
sieriem (dative plural)
sieru (accusative singular)
sierus (accusative plural)
sieru (instrumental singular)
sieriem (instrumental plural)
sierā (locative singular)
sieros (locative plural)
sier (singular vocative)
sieri (plural vocative)

From the same stem as the adjective sūrs (“bitter”) (q.v.), from which it is ultimately derived, in the (older) form *sūris or *sūrs, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *sū́ˀras; the original meaning was thus “bitter (one)”.
The vowel was later changed under the influence of the common expression siet sieru “to make (lit. tie, bind) cheese”. Cognates include Lithuanian sū́ris, Old Prussian suris (sūris), sur (sūr), Russian, Belarusian сыр (syr), Ukrainian сир (syr), Bulgarian си́рене (sírene), Czech sýr, Polish ser, Old Norse sýra (“sour milk”), Old High German, Old English sūr, German sauer, English sour.

siera salāti'

siera maizīte

siera radziņi

siera cepumi

siera sviestam patīkama garša un aromāts

cheese butter (has) pleasant taste and aroma

(in the genitive, used adjectivally) cheese; made of cheese; with added cheese


piens

piens (nominative singular)
pieni (nominative plural)
piena (genitive singular)
pienu (genitive plural)
pienam (dative singular)
pieniem (dative plural)
pienu (accusative singular)
pienus (accusative plural)
pienu (instrumental singular)
pieniem (instrumental plural)
pienā (locative singular)
pienos (locative plural)
pien (singular vocative)
pieni (plural vocative)

From Proto-Baltic *pā́ˀinas, from Proto-Indo-European *peynos, *poyHnos, from the stem *peyh₂- (“to be fat”) (perhaps from earlier “to swell”). The meaning evolved from “fat, swollen” to “(breasts) full of milk” and finally “milk”. There was an old Proto-Baltic verb *pīti (“to give milk”), from which comes dialectal Lithuanian pýti (“to give milk”); the corresponding Latvian term disappeared, perhaps because of homophony with pīt (“to braid, to weave”). Cognates include Lithuanian píenas (“milk”), Sanskrit पयते (páyate, “to swell, to be too full”), पयस् (páyas, “fluid, water, milk, rain”), Avestan 𐬞𐬌𐬞𐬌𐬌𐬏𐬱𐬌- (pipiiūši-, “having milk in her breasts”), Persian پینو (pinu, “buttermilk”), Middle Persian pēm (“milk”), Latin opīmus (“fat, plump; fruitful”).

mātes piens, krūts piens

piena dziedzeri

govs, kazas, ķēves piens

piena ēdieni, produkti

piena kokteilis

piena saldējums

kafija ar pienu

pasterizēts piens

kondensēts piens

milk (nourishing liquid secreted by mammal females)


mugurkauls

mugurkauls (nominative singular)
mugurkauli (nominative plural)
mugurkaula (genitive singular)
mugurkaulu (genitive plural)
mugurkaulam (dative singular)
mugurkauliem (dative plural)
mugurkaulu (accusative singular)
mugurkaulus (accusative plural)
mugurkaulu (instrumental singular)
mugurkauliem (instrumental plural)
mugurkaulā (locative singular)
mugurkaulos (locative plural)
mugurkaul (singular vocative)
mugurkauli (plural vocative)

mugurkaula skriemeļi, artērijas

mugurkaula deformācija

mugurkaula izliekumi

lokans mugurkauls

lauzt mugurkaulu


burts

burts (nominative singular)
burti (nominative plural)
burta (genitive singular)
burtu (genitive plural)
burtam (dative singular)
burtiem (dative plural)
burtu (accusative singular)
burtus (accusative plural)
burtu (instrumental singular)
burtiem (instrumental plural)
burtā (locative singular)
burtos (locative plural)
burt (singular vocative)
burti (plural vocative)

Originally the masculine past participle of the verb burt (“to conjure magic”) (q.v.). Just as burt originally meant “to carve (marks, on a tree),” burts was originally “mark(s) carved on a tree.” Cognates include Lithuanian bùrtas (“lot, (pl.) sorcery”).

lielais burts

mazais burts

rakstīts, drukāts burts

latīņu, gotu, grieķu burti

letter (graphic symbol that represents a sound in a language)

metāla, koka burti

burtu garnitūras

burtu liešana

(typography) type, font (typesetting printing unit; syn. burtstabiņš, litera)


sniegavīrs

sniegavīrs (nominative singular)
sniegavīri (nominative plural)
sniegavīra (genitive singular)
sniegavīru (genitive plural)
sniegavīram (dative singular)
sniegavīriem (dative plural)
sniegavīru (accusative singular)
sniegavīrus (accusative plural)
sniegavīru (instrumental singular)
sniegavīriem (instrumental plural)
sniegavīrā (locative singular)
sniegavīros (locative plural)
sniegavīr (singular vocative)
sniegavīri (plural vocative)

From sniega (“snow gen.”) + vīrs (“man”).

Eiropā sniegavīru biežak veido trīsdaļīgu

in Europe snowmen are usually made with three parts

snowman (a human-like figure made of snow)


Dina

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in early 20th century. From Hebrew דִּינָה. Cognate with English Dinah.

bor

Hebrew דִּינָה


Emma

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in 1852. From German Emma.


republika

republika (nominative singular)
republikas (nominative plural)
republikas (genitive singular)
republiku (genitive plural)
republikai (dative singular)
republikām (dative plural)
republiku (accusative singular)
republikas (accusative plural)
republiku (instrumental singular)
republikām (instrumental plural)
republikā (locative singular)
republikās (locative plural)
republika (singular vocative)
republikas (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Latin rēs publica (“republic”) via other European languages, from rēs (“thing”) and publica (“public[fem.]”), literally “the public thing.”

demokrātiska republika

sociālistiska republika

prezidentālā republika

parlamentāra republika

autonomās republikas

Latvijas Republika

republic (country where power and sovereignty rests with representatives elected by the people)


rasa

rasa (nominative singular)
rasas (genitive singular)
rasai (dative singular)
rasu (accusative singular)
rasu (instrumental singular)
rasā (locative singular)
rasa (singular vocative)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *rasā́ˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁róseh₂. Cognates include Sanskrit रस (rása, “juice, liquid”), रसा (rásā, “moisture, humidity”), Latin rōs, Russian роса́ (rosá).

rīta rasa

rasas lāses

sasalusi rasa

samērcēt kājas rasā

dew (moisture in the air that settles on plants in the morning)

viegla rasas migla nokārās pār visu ciemu

a light drizzle lowered its mist over the whole village

pierē drīz jau iemetās pirmā sviedru rasa

on (his) forehead the first drops of sweat will soon appear


sula

sula (nominative singular)
sulas (nominative plural)
sulas (genitive singular)
sulu (genitive plural)
sulai (dative singular)
sulām (dative plural)
sulu (accusative singular)
sulas (accusative plural)
sulu (instrumental singular)
sulām (instrumental plural)
sulā (locative singular)
sulās (locative plural)
sula (singular vocative)
sulas (plural vocative)

From Proto-Indo-European *sewh₁-leh₂, from *sewh₁- (“to press”). Direct cognates include Lithuanian sulà (“juice, sap”), Old Prussian sulo (“curdled milk”), Proto-Indo-Iranian *súraH (“intoxicating liquor”).

cog

zarnu sula

(anatomy) (liquids excreted by certain body organs)


zobs

zobs (nominative singular)
zobi (nominative plural)
zoba (genitive singular)
zobu (genitive plural)
zobam (dative singular)
zobiem (dative plural)
zobu (accusative singular)
zobus (accusative plural)
zobu (instrumental singular)
zobiem (instrumental plural)
zobā (locative singular)
zobos (locative plural)
zobs (singular vocative)
zobi (plural vocative)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *źámbas (with irregular *am > Latvian o ([uo]); or perhaps from a parallel form *žanbas, since *an > Latvian o ([uo]) is a regular change), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵómbʰos (“tooth; row of teeth”), itself from the stem *ǵembʰ- (“to bite”), apparently a variant of synonymous *ǵebʰ. Cognates include Lithuanian žam̃bas (“log, beam edge; any sharp, angular object”), žam̃bis (“wooden plow”), Old Church Slavonic зѫбъ (zǫbŭ), Russian, Belarusian, Ukrainian зуб (zub), Bulgarian зъб (zǎb), Czech zub, Polish ząb, Old High German chamb (“comb”), Old Norse kambr, Old English camb, English comb, Albanian dhëmb (“tooth”), Sanskrit जम्भः (jámbhaḥ, “tooth, fang”), Ancient Greek γόμφος (gómphos, “nail, peg”), γομφίος (gomphíos, “molar”).

cog

veselīgi zobi

nedzīvs zobs

zoba kronis

zoba sakne

zoba emalja

zobu šķilšanās

bērnam nāk zobi

zoba plombēšana

zobu sāpes

zobu protēze

izraut zobu

tīrīt zobus ar suku

piena zobs

acu zobs, acuzobs

gudrības zobs

tik auksts, ka zobi klab

(it is) so cold that (one's) teeth chatter

(anatomy) tooth (a hard, calcareous element in a structure present in the mouths of most vertebrates, used for biting and eating)


maks

maks (nominative singular)
maki (nominative plural)
maka (genitive singular)
maku (genitive plural)
makam (dative singular)
makiem (dative plural)
maku (accusative singular)
makus (accusative plural)
maku (instrumental singular)
makiem (instrumental plural)
makā (locative singular)
makos (locative plural)
mak (singular vocative)
maki (plural vocative)

From the same source as maksts (q.v.): Proto-Baltic *mak-, from Proto-Indo-European *mak- (“small (leather) bag or pouch”). Cognates include Lithuanian mãkas, Old Prussian dantimax (“gums”) (dantis (“tooth”)), Old Church Slavonic мошьна (mošĭna), Russian мошна́ (mošná, “small bag or pouch”), Old High German maga, German Magen (“stomach”).

cog

dokumentu maks

bultu maks

tabakas maks, tabakmaks

naudas maks, naudasmaks

(naudas)maks ar vairākiem nodalījumiem

ielikt (naudas)makā naudu

to put money in (one's) wallet (= money pouch)

vecais izvilka pīpi, tabakas maku un ietaisīja dūmu

the old man pulled his pipe out, took (his) tobacco pouch and made some smoke

bārdama bija novērojusi Nātiņu kā jautrās sabiedrības saimnieku, kas pārvalda maku, no kura tiek maksāts

the bartender had observed Nātiņš as the host of a fun company (of people) who controlled the bag from which (everybody) was paid

little purse, wallet, pouch (small bag-like object without a handle, usually carried in the pocket or in a purse, for keeping small objects, especially paper money or coins)


skola

skola (nominative singular)
skolas (nominative plural)
skolas (genitive singular)
skolu (genitive plural)
skolai (dative singular)
skolām (dative plural)
skolu (accusative singular)
skolas (accusative plural)
skolu (instrumental singular)
skolām (instrumental plural)
skolā (locative singular)
skolās (locative plural)
skola (singular vocative)
skolas (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Middle High German schōle, or from Middle Dutch schole, both also borrowings from Late Latin scola, schola (“lecture; school”), itself borrowed from Ancient Greek σχολή (skholḗ). In Latvian, this borrowing is first mentioned in 16th-century texts and 17th-century dictionaries.

skola sākās 1. septembrī

Taisnību sakot, mazliet vairāk skolas viņam nebūtu nācis par ļaunu

to tell the truth, a little bit more school would not have been bad for him

(figuratively) education; the work of studying at school


lats

lats (nominative singular)
lati (nominative plural)
lata (genitive singular)
latu (genitive plural)
latam (dative singular)
latiem (dative plural)
latu (accusative singular)
latus (accusative plural)
latu (instrumental singular)
latiem (instrumental plural)
latā (locative singular)
latos (locative plural)
lat (singular vocative)
lati (plural vocative)

A reduced form of Latvija, first used in 1922 to name the new currency that replaced the Latvian rublis.

pieci lati

papīra lats

lata kurss

grāmata maksā divus latus

lats (monetary unit of Latvia between 1922 and 1940, and again between 1993 and 2013; replaced by the Euro on Jan. 1st, 2014)


Daniela

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in 1969. feminine form of Daniels (“Daniel”).


Rute

Rute (nominative singular)
Rutes (nominative plural)
Rutes (genitive singular)
Rušu (genitive plural)
Rutei (dative singular)
Rutēm (dative plural)
Ruti (accusative singular)
Rutes (accusative plural)
Ruti (instrumental singular)
Rutēm (instrumental plural)
Rutē (locative singular)
Rutēs (locative plural)
Rute (singular vocative)
Rutes (plural vocative)

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in the end of the 19th century. From Hebrew.


barons

barons (nominative singular)
baroni (nominative plural)
barona (genitive singular)
baronu (genitive plural)
baronam (dative singular)
baroniem (dative plural)
baronu (accusative singular)
baronus (accusative plural)
baronu (instrumental singular)
baroniem (instrumental plural)
baronā (locative singular)
baronos (locative plural)
baron (singular vocative)
baroni (plural vocative)


pele

pele (nominative singular)
peles (nominative plural)
peles (genitive singular)
peļu (genitive plural)
pelei (dative singular)
pelēm (dative plural)
peli (accusative singular)
peles (accusative plural)
peli (instrumental singular)
pelēm (instrumental plural)
pelē (locative singular)
pelēs (locative plural)
pele (singular vocative)
peles (plural vocative)

From Proto-Baltic *peliā̃ (Lithuanian pelė, Old Prussian pelē), from Proto-Indo-European *pel- (“grey”).
The computing sense is a semantic loan from English mouse.

datorpele

(computing, also datorpele) computer mouse (movable input device used to move a pointer on a graphic display)


tagad

There are two main theories about the origin of this word. Both derived the first syllable from Proto-Baltic *ta-, from Proto-Indo-European *to-, an old pronominal stem, whence also tas (“this”). The second syllable is, according to one theory, from the particle ga and an extra -d (< da). The same particle ga can be found in Lithuanian tàgatės (“thus, like that”) and Old Prussian anga (“or”), and in reduced form in 17th-century arīg (modern arī “too”) and as dz (< *dzi < parallel form *gi) in nedz). An alternative theory, however, derives the second syllable in tagad from gads, now “year” but previously also “time”: from an earlier accusative *tagadi (“this time”) would have come present-day tagad “now.” Cognates include Old Church Slavonic тогда (togda), тъгда (tŭgda), Russian тогда́ (togdá), Ukrainian тогді́ (tohdí), тогі́д (tohíd, “last year”), Bulgarian тога́ (togá), Czech tehdy, dialectal tehda (“then”).

manā laikā maršala zižļu dēļ tā neuztraucās kā tagad par tabakdozēm

in my day they wouldn't worry about a marshall's baton the way they now do about a tobacco box

kur septiņpadsmitā gadsimta sākumā bija Līvas upītes ieteka, tur tagad Līvas iela
where in the beginning of the 17th century was the estuary of the Līva river, there now is Līva street

now, nowadays (in the time period that includes the present)


alva

alva (nominative singular)
alvas (genitive singular)
alvai (dative singular)
alvu (accusative singular)
alvu (instrumental singular)
alvā (locative singular)
alva (singular vocative)

From Proto-Baltic *alu-ā-, *alwā-, from a derived form *al-əu-, *al-u- of Proto-Indo-European *al- (“to shine, to light”).
Cognates include Lithuanian álvas, ãlavas, Old Prussian alwis (“lead”), Old Church Slavonic олово (olovo, “lead”), Russian and Ukrainian олово (olovo, “tin”), Bulgarian олово (olovo, “lead”), Czech olovo (“lead”), Polish ołów (“lead”), and, from a different derived form of *al-, Ancient Greek ἀλφός (alphós, “white rash”), Latin albus (“dull white”).

cog

alvas rūda

alvas sakausējumi

alvas karote

pārklāt ar alvu

kausēt alvu

chemical element
chemical element#English

tin (metallic chemical element, with atomic number 50)


medus

medus (nominative singular)
medus (genitive singular)
medum (dative singular)
medu (accusative singular)
medu (instrumental singular)
medū (locative singular)
medus (singular vocative)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *médu, from Proto-Indo-European *médʰu.

medus vārīšana


galva

galva (nominative singular)
galvas (nominative plural)
galvas (genitive singular)
galvu (genitive plural)
galvai (dative singular)
galvām (dative plural)
galvu (accusative singular)
galvas (accusative plural)
galvu (instrumental singular)
galvām (instrumental plural)
galvā (locative singular)
galvās (locative plural)
galva (singular vocative)
galvas (plural vocative)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *galˀwā́ˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *golHwéh₂, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gelH- (whence also Latvian gals), ablauted to *gʷol- and with an extra suffix *-weh₂. The meaning evolution was probably 'point, spike, peak' > 'top part' > 'head'. Other, less convincing sources have been suggested (e.g., Proto-Indo-European *gʰel-). Close cognates include Lithuanian galvà, Proto-Slavic *golvà.

cilvēka, suņa, čūskas galva

galvas muskuļi

pagriezt galvu

pamāt ar galvu

saņemt galvu rokās

purināt, kratīt galvu

galva sāp

galvas tabletes

head (top or front of the body, where the brain is located)

sirma galva

mazgāt galvu

sukāt, ķemmēt galvu

galva balta kā ābele


lidosta

lidosta (nominative singular)
lidostas (nominative plural)
lidostas (genitive singular)
lidostu (genitive plural)
lidostai (dative singular)
lidostām (dative plural)
lidostu (accusative singular)
lidostas (accusative plural)
lidostu (instrumental singular)
lidostām (instrumental plural)
lidostā (locative singular)
lidostās (locative plural)
lidosta (singular vocative)
lidostas (plural vocative)

From lid(ot) (“to fly”) + osta (“port”).

starptautiskā lidosta

lidostas uzgaidāmās telpas

sagaidīt viesus lidostā


osta

osta (nominative singular)
ostas (nominative plural)
ostas (genitive singular)
ostu (genitive plural)
ostai (dative singular)
ostām (dative plural)
ostu (accusative singular)
ostas (accusative plural)
ostu (instrumental singular)
ostām (instrumental plural)
ostā (locative singular)
ostās (locative plural)
osta (singular vocative)
ostas (plural vocative)

From Proto-Indo-European *h₁óh₃s. Compare Lithuanian uostas.

upes osta, ezera osta

zvejas osta

tirdzniecības osta

ostas pilsēta

ostas strādnieki


rinda

rinda (nominative singular)
rindas (nominative plural)
rindas (genitive singular)
rindu (genitive plural)
rindai (dative singular)
rindām (dative plural)
rindu (accusative singular)
rindas (accusative plural)
rindu (instrumental singular)
rindām (instrumental plural)
rindā (locative singular)
rindās (locative plural)
rinda (singular vocative)
rindas (plural vocative)

From Proto-Baltic *rinda, maybe from Proto-Indo-European *arēydʰ-, *rēydʰ-, *h₂rey-, derived from *h₂er- (“to unite, to fit”). Cognates include Lithuanian rindà, Old Church Slavonic рѧдъ (rędŭ), Russian ряд (rjad), Bulgarian ред (red), Polish rząd, Gothic 𐍂𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽 (raidjan, “organize, define”), 𐌲𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌹𐌸𐍃 (garaiþs, “organized, ordered”), Old Norse greida (“unfold, arrange”), German bereit (“ready”), Persian رده (rade, “row, category”).

naturālo skaitļu rinda

harmoniska rinda, virkne


roka

roka (nominative singular)
rokas (nominative plural)
rokas (genitive singular)
roku (genitive plural)
rokai (dative singular)
rokām (dative plural)
roku (accusative singular)
rokas (accusative plural)
roku (instrumental singular)
rokām (instrumental plural)
rokā (locative singular)
rokās (locative plural)
roka (singular vocative)
rokas (plural vocative)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *ránkāˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *wrenk-, *wronk-, derived from the zero grade of the root *wer- (“to turn, to bend”). The original meaning was therefore “bent, bending (organ, limb)”.

kreisā, labā roka

spēcīgas, muskuļainas rokas

veiklas rokas

aiz, pie rokas

uz rokām

(holding, lifting something) in the arms

zem rokas

roku rokā

māt, mest ar roku

sniegt, dot roku

to give, to offer (one's) hand (for a handshake)

piedāvāt roku

to offer (one's) hand, arm (for support)

spiest, paspiest, saspiest roku

rokas spiediens

vilkt cimdus rokā

paņemt rokā grāmatu

maciņš izkrīt no rokas

the little wallet fell out of (his) hand(s)

māte mēdz iespiest rokas sānos

mother used to press her arms against her side

lai gan nav auksti, tomēr Juris mauc rokā pirkstainus cimdus

though it is not cold, Juris puts on his hand(s) the fingered gloves (i.e., not mittens, but gloves with actual places for each of the five fingers)

(anatomy) hand, arm (each of the upper limbs of the human body, from shoulder to palm)

mehāniskā roka

robota roka satver apaļu metāla sagatavi un paliek to zem spiednes

the robot hand griped the circular metal object and placed it under the press

turamās rokas arklam ar skaista līkumā izliektiem apaļiem galiem koši zilas

the bright blue plow hands (= handles) with round ends bent in a beautifully arch

(technology) arm (a long, mobile mechanical device or part of a mechanical device; a handle)


sega

sega (nominative singular)
segas (nominative plural)
segas (genitive singular)
segu (genitive plural)
segai (dative singular)
segām (dative plural)
segu (accusative singular)
segas (accusative plural)
segu (instrumental singular)
segām (instrumental plural)
segā (locative singular)
segās (locative plural)
sega (singular vocative)
segas (plural vocative)

gultas sega

bieza, silta sega

ietīties, ievīstīties segā

vatēta sega

dekoratīva sienas sega

kamanu sega

galvas sega, galvassega

ceļa sega

blanket, quilt (large cloth used for covering, especially a bedcover)


Marss

Marss (nominative singular)
Marsa (genitive singular)
Marsam (dative singular)
Marsu (accusative singular)
Marsu (instrumental singular)
Marsā (locative singular)
Mars (singular vocative)

From Latin Mars (“god of war”), from older Latin (older than 75 BC) Māvors. Mamers was his Oscan name. He was also known as Marmor, Marmar and Maris, the latter from the Etruscan deity Maris.

lv:Marss (mitoloģija)
lv:Marss (planēta)

planets of the Solar System: Saules sistēmas planētas: Merkurs · Venera · Zeme · Marss · Jupiters · Saturns · Urāns · Neptūns [edit]

(Roman mythology) Mars (Roman god of war)

(astronomy) Mars (fourth planet of the Solar System; astronomic symbol: ♂)


gripa

gripa (nominative singular)
gripas (nominative plural)
gripas (genitive singular)
gripu (genitive plural)
gripai (dative singular)
gripām (dative plural)
gripu (accusative singular)
gripas (accusative plural)
gripu (instrumental singular)
gripām (instrumental plural)
gripā (locative singular)
gripās (locative plural)
gripa (singular vocative)
gripas (plural vocative)


Nora

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in 1792. Short form of Eleonora.


lietus

lietus (nominative singular)
lieti (nominative plural)
lietus (genitive singular)
lietu (genitive plural)
lietum (dative singular)
lietiem (dative plural)
lietu (accusative singular)
lietus (accusative plural)
lietu (instrumental singular)
lietiem (instrumental plural)
lietū (locative singular)
lietos (locative plural)
lietus (singular vocative)
lieti (plural vocative)

From the same stem as Latvian liet (“to pour”) and līt (“to flow, to stream, to rain”) (q.v.), made into a masculine third declension noun (with ending -us); from Proto-Balto-Slavic *l(e/o)ʔi-, ultimately from the Proto-Indo-European root *ley- (“to flow, pour, stream; to glide, slip, be slippery”). Cognates include Lithuanian lietùs (“rain”), lytùs, líeti (“to pour”), laĩvas (“ship”), and likely the names of Latvia and Lithuania. More distantly related are Old Church Slavonic лити (liti, “to pour”) (< Proto-Slavic *lìti), Albanian lisë (“I pour”), Proto-Germanic *līþu (“cider ~ liquor”), Proto-Celtic *liyeti (“to flow”), Ancient Greek ἄλεισον (áleison, “wine container”), and perhaps λάταξ (látax, “drop”), Old Irish laith (“liquid; ale, liquor”) (< Proto-Celtic *lati-), Latin litus (“shore, beach”), and various descendants of Proto-Indo-European *lewh₃- (“to wash”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="lv">-us</i>

cog

pavasara lietus

garie rudens lietus

spēcīgs lietus

īslaicīgs lietus

Lietus bungo pa jumtu.

Lietus līst.

Lietus līņā, smidzina.

lietus ūdens

lietus lāses

Lietus pil no jumta.

The rain(water) is dripping from the roof.

lietus mākoņi

lietus mētelis, lietusmētelis

Caur pelēcīgo lietus plīvuru parādās kravas automobilis.

Through the grayish veil of rain a truck (lit. cargo automobile) appeared.

Viņi bija lietū ieecējuši auzas.

They had begun to harrow the oats in the rain (= while it was raining).


Eva

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in 1609. From Latin Eva.


Tamara

Тама́ра Тамара#Russian

A transliteration of the Russian female given name Тама́ра (Tamára).


ota

ota (nominative singular)
otas (nominative plural)
otas (genitive singular)
otu (genitive plural)
otai (dative singular)
otām (dative plural)
otu (accusative singular)
otas (accusative plural)
otu (instrumental singular)
otām (instrumental plural)
otā (locative singular)
otās (locative plural)
ota (singular vocative)
otas (plural vocative)

From *vota ([vuota]) with loss of initial v (like ola (“egg”), q.v.), from *wuo-, from Proto-Baltic *wan-, from Proto-Indo-European *won-, *wen-, *wā- (“to hit”). The original meaning was apparently “(something) for hitting,” at some point used to refer to the birch brooms used to hit oneself in steam baths, and then to all brooms. In the 1920s its use was restricted to the modern sense of “paintbrush.” Cognates include Lithuanian vánta (“broom for hitting oneself in steam baths”).

šī mākslinieka otai pieder interesantās klusās dabas

this artist's paintbrush has an interesting quiet nature

Konrāda Ubāna ota radījusi ne tikai ainavas, bet arī portretus un klusās dabas, bez tam tā kalpousi monumentālajai mākslai un teātrim

Konrāds Ubāns' paintbrush created not only landscapes, but also portraits and still lifes, and served in addition monumental art and theater


stops

stops (nominative singular)
stopi (nominative plural)
stopa (genitive singular)
stopu (genitive plural)
stopam (dative singular)
stopiem (dative plural)
stopu (accusative singular)
stopus (accusative plural)
stopu (instrumental singular)
stopiem (instrumental plural)
stopā (locative singular)
stopos (locative plural)
stop (singular vocative)
stopi (plural vocative)

From the same stem as the verb stiept (“to stretch, to pull”) (q.v.); the original meaning was probably “(something) stretched,” “(something) made tight by stretching.”

stopu gatavošana prasīja daudz darba un pacietības

the making of a crossbow demanded much work and patience

Griģis veikli rīkojās ar stopu, un viņa bultas droši skrēja mērķim pretī

Griģis quickly acted with (his) crossbow, and his arrows surely flew toward the goal

crossbow (an old mechanical weapon based on the bow and arrows, used to shoot bolts)


stops

Borrowed from Middle Low German stōp (“measure of volume”), first mentioned in 17th-century dictionaries.

bor

trumuli mēs nopirkām no Jaņķeļa par 15 kapeikām; viņā ieiet divi stopi ūdens

we bought a drum from Jaņķeļš for 15 kopeks; it can hold 2 stopi (= 2.6 cubic decimeters) of water

old unit for measuring volume, equivalent to approximately 1.3 cubic decimeters


nazis

nazis (nominative singular)
naži (nominative plural)
naža (genitive singular)
nažu (genitive plural)
nazim (dative singular)
nažiem (dative plural)
nazi (accusative singular)
nažus (accusative plural)
nazi (instrumental singular)
nažiem (instrumental plural)
nazī (locative singular)
nažos (locative plural)
nazi (singular vocative)
naži (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Old East Slavic ножь (nožĭ, “knife”) (compare Russian нож (nož)). The word probably entered the language in the 13th century, and is attested in its modern form in dictionaries from the 17th century on.

bor+

ass, truls nazis

asināt nazi

akmens nazis

kabatas nazis

virtuves nazis

bārdas nazis

griezt ar nazi

knife (utensil or tool with a blade and a handle, designed for cutting)


referendums

referendums (nominative singular)
referendumi (nominative plural)
referenduma (genitive singular)
referendumu (genitive plural)
referendumam (dative singular)
referendumiem (dative plural)
referendumu (accusative singular)
referendumus (accusative plural)
referendumu (instrumental singular)
referendumiem (instrumental plural)
referendumā (locative singular)
referendumos (locative plural)
referendum (singular vocative)
referendumi (plural vocative)

From Latin referendum (“what ought to be brought back, reported”), the gerundive form of referō (“to bring back, report”).

uder

2012. gada referendums par Satversmes grozījumiem, kas paredzēja krievu valodai noteikt otras valsts valodas statusu

the 2012 referendum on the constitutional amendments that provided for the Russian language to have the status of second official language

referendum (direct popular vote or a proposed law or amendment)


daina

daina (nominative singular)
dainas (nominative plural)
dainas (genitive singular)
dainu (genitive plural)
dainai (dative singular)
dainām (dative plural)
dainu (accusative singular)
dainas (accusative plural)
dainu (instrumental singular)
dainām (instrumental plural)
dainā (locative singular)
dainās (locative plural)
daina (singular vocative)
dainas (plural vocative)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *dainā (compare Lithuanian daina), from *deî- (“to sing, dance”), from Proto-Indo-European *deyh₁- (“move swiftly”) (compare Old Irish dían (“fast”), Ancient Greek δίω (díō, “I run away, flee”), Sanskrit दीयति (dīyati, “he soars”)). Cf. also Romanian doină.


Karina

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in the end of the 19th century. From Swedish and Danish Karina.


aste

aste (nominative singular)
astes (nominative plural)
astes (genitive singular)
astu (genitive plural)
astei (dative singular)
astēm (dative plural)
asti (accusative singular)
astes (accusative plural)
asti (instrumental singular)
astēm (instrumental plural)
astē (locative singular)
astēs (locative plural)
aste (singular vocative)
astes (plural vocative)

Originally an e-stem variant of an earlier i/n-stem *astis, from Proto-Baltic *asti- < *aš-sti-. Further, two possible Proto-Indo-European sources have been proposed: (a) *h₂eḱ-sti-, from *h₂eḱ- “sharp, pointy, edgy; stone” (whence also ass “sharp”, q.v.), with the meaning changes being “sharp, pointy (object)” > “stinger” > “tail”; and (b) *h₃ésth₁- (“bone”), in which case the semantic evolution would have been “bone” > “tail bone” > “tail” (cf. Icelandic rōfa (“dog's, cat's tail”) from Old Norse rófa (“bony part of a horse's tail”)). In the (a) case, cognates would include Lithuanian akstìs (“skewer, fish bone”) akštìs (“skewer, fish bone, awn”), Old Church Slavonic осътъ (osŭtŭ, “thorny water plant”), остъ (ostŭ, “awn, stinger, fish bone”), Russian ость (ostʹ), Czech osť, Polish ość, Russian осот (osot, “thorny plant”), Bulgarian о́сът (ósǎt), Czech, Polish oset. In the (b) case, cognates would include Hittite 𒄩𒀸𒋫𒄿, Sanskrit अस्थि (asthi), Ancient Greek ὀστέον (ostéon), Albanian asht, Tocharian B āsta, Latin os (and maybe also costa (“rib”)), and perhaps also all the (a) cognates, which some authors also derive from *h₃ésth₁-.

cog

zirga aste

suņa aste

vilka aste

gaiļa aste

pāva aste

kaķis pa to laiku bija izlavījies no pagalma un, izlējis asti, lēni gāja prom

the cat, meanwhile, had gotten out of the yard and, straightening (his) tail, slowly went away

kas sunim asti cels, ja pats necels

who is going to raise a dog's tail if not for the dog himself


lapa

lapa (nominative singular)
lapas (nominative plural)
lapas (genitive singular)
lapu (genitive plural)
lapai (dative singular)
lapām (dative plural)
lapu (accusative singular)
lapas (accusative plural)
lapu (instrumental singular)
lapām (instrumental plural)
lapā (locative singular)
lapās (locative plural)
lapa (singular vocative)
lapas (plural vocative)

vikipēdijas sākumlapa


nauda

nauda (nominative singular)
naudas (genitive singular)
naudai (dative singular)
naudu (accusative singular)
naudu (instrumental singular)
naudā (locative singular)
nauda (singular vocative)

From Proto-Baltic *naudā-, from Proto-Indo-European *newd-, *nowd- (“to seize, to take for use”), from a stem *new-, *now- (“to make a sudden gesture; to wave, to beckon”) with an extra d. The semantic evolution was presumably “(something) taken for use, for benefit” > “property” (including also animals, cattle) > “money” (compare Latin pecus (“sheep, cattle”), pecūnia (“property, money”)). Cognates include Lithuanian naudà (“benefit, validity, utility; property”), Gothic 𐌽𐌹𐌿𐍄𐌰𐌽 (niutan, “to achieve, to get, to enjoy”), Old English notu, nytt, Old High German nuz (“use, utility”) (German nutzen (“to serve, to use”)), Old Norse naut (“cattle”).

metāla, papīra nauda

naudas maks

sīka nauda, sīknauda

liela nauda

krāt naudu

izdot, tērēt naudu

pelnīt naudu

aizdot, aizņemties naudu

maksāt skaidrā naudā

(iz)mainīt naudu

(ap)mainīt naudu

viltot naudu

spēlēt kārtis uz naudu

naudas sods

naudas ekonomiskās funkcijas

naudas apgrozība

naudas sistēma

preču vērtības naudas izteiksmē

money (specific good used as a generally accepted means of exchange)

biedru nauda

īres nauda

atvaļinājuma nauda

apdrošināšanas nauda

kabatas nauda

dienas nauda

daily allowance, per diem (lit. day money)

slimības nauda

sickness money (i.e., sick pay, money given to sick people)

zieda, ziedu nauda

flower money (= money traditionally donated by guests of a wedding, baptism, or funeral, to the newlyweds, to the newborn, or to the relatives of the deceased)

tējas nauda

payment, fees (money given or paid for a purpose)


neons

neons (nominative singular)
neona (genitive singular)
neonam (dative singular)
neonu (accusative singular)
neonu (instrumental singular)
neonā (locative singular)
neon (singular vocative)

From Ancient Greek νέον (néon), neuter of νέος (néos, “new”).

spilgtā neona gaisma

neona caurule

neon (chemical element with atomic number 10, a noble gas, used in special light bulbs for advertising)


karš

karš (nominative singular)
kari (nominative plural)
kara (genitive singular)
karu (genitive plural)
karam (dative singular)
kariem (dative plural)
karu (accusative singular)
karus (accusative plural)
karu (instrumental singular)
kariem (instrumental plural)
karā (locative singular)
karos (locative plural)
karš (singular vocative)
kari (plural vocative)

From Proto-Baltic *karyas, from Proto-Indo-European *koryos, from *ker-. Cognates include Lithuanian kãras, dialectal kãrias, Old Prussian kargis ([karjis], “troops, army”) (misspelled as kragis in the 16th-century text), karyago (“travels”) (i.e., “war path”), Middle Irish cuire (“army; troops”), Gothic 𐌷𐌰𐍂𐌾𐌹𐍃 (harjis), Old Norse herr, German Heer (“army”), Ancient Greek κοίρανος (koíranos, “leader, commander”) (< *koiros < *koryos).

Pirmais pasaules karš

Otrais pasaules karš

aizstāvēšanās, uzbrukuma karš

agresīvs karš

taisnīgs karš

koloniālais karš

pilsoņu karš

nacionālās atbrīvošanās karš

partizānu karš

izsīkuma karš

krusta karš

karš pret iebrucējiem

ķīmiskais karš

bioloģiskais karš

bakterioloģiskais karš

kodoltermiskais karš

kara kurinātāji, kūrēji

izcēlās karš

kara sākums

pieteikt karu

uzvarēt karu, karā

zaudēt karu, karā

izbeigt karu

doties karā

atgriezties no kara

karš ir tās politikas turpinājums ar varmācības līdzekļiem, kuru piekopa karojošo lielvalstu valdošās šķiras jau ilgi pirms kara

war is the continuation, by means of violence, of policies which were practiced by the ruling classes of the warring countries long before the war

war (organized armed conflict between two or more countries, peoples, ethnic or social groups)

kara bēgli

kara veterāns

kara invalīds

kara stāvoklis

kara darbība

kara gājiens, karagājiens

kara lauks, karalauks

kara gūsteknis

kara noziedznieks

(in the genitive, used adjectivally) war; relating to war

jūras kara flote

kara rūpnīca

kara medicīnas dienests

kara hospitāls, ārsts

kara lidmašīna

kara dienests, karadienests

kara apgabals

kara skola, karaskola

kara akadēmija

kara zinātne

kara māksla, karamāksla

kara noslēpums

kara tribunāls

kara tiesa

kara bāze, osta

kara mūzika

kara klausība, karaklausība

kara kungs

military service
military service#English

(in the genitive, used adjectivally) war, military (relating to the armed forces or to military service)

aukstais karš

ideoloģiskais karš

ekonomiskais karš

jāpiesaka bargs karš pret māņticībām

it is necessary to declare harsh war against superstitions

(figuratively) war (serious conflict, struggle, fight, clash between enemies)

vārdu karš

aizmirsušies nemitīgie mājas kari par jaunām kleitām

they (had) forgotten the persistent domestic wars about new dresses

(figuratively) war (disagreement, dispute, quarrel)


sviests

sviests (nominative singular)
sviesti (nominative plural)
sviesta (genitive singular)
sviestu (genitive plural)
sviestam (dative singular)
sviestiem (dative plural)
sviestu (accusative singular)
sviestus (accusative plural)
sviestu (instrumental singular)
sviestiem (instrumental plural)
sviestā (locative singular)
sviestos (locative plural)
sviest (singular vocative)
sviesti (plural vocative)

Originally the (adjectival) past passive participle of an old verb *sviest (“to smear, to spread”) (cf. Lithuanian svíesti); the original meaning of sviests was thus “(something) smeared (on something else), (something) used for smearing”; cf. Russian ма́сло (máslo, “butter, oil”) and ма́зать (mázatʹ, “to smear, spread (oil)”), or Latin unguen (“fat, grease”) and unguō (“to smear, to anoint”). The verb *sviest would in turn come from *sviesti, from Proto-Baltic *swied-ti, from Proto-Indo-European *sweyd- (“to shine”) (whence also Latvian svīst (“to sweat; to steam; to dawn”) q.v.); its original meaning would have been “to make something shine” > “to smear with oil, so that it shines” > “to smear” (cf. its descendant svaidīt (“to anoint”), originally the iterative form of *sviest). Cognates include Lithuanian svíestas.
Alternatively, Pokorny considers this word and Lithuanian svíesti from Proto-Indo-European *ksweyd- (“milk”) (cf. Middle Indo-Aryan क्ष्विर (kṣvira), Avestan 𐬑𐬱𐬎𐬎𐬍𐬛 (xšuuīd)).

cog

krējuma sviests

skābkrējuma sviests

sūkalu sviests

svaigs sviests

nesalīts sviests

kausēts sviests

sviesta trauks

sautēt saknes sviestā

sviesta rūpniecība

kult sviestu

gaiteņa pustumsā viņai skrēja pretī sviestā ceptu pankūku smarža

in the darkness of the corridor the smell of pancakes fried in butter came (lit. ran) to her

butter (a dairy product, obtained from cream, with a high fat concentration)

sviesta cepumi

sviesta mīklu gatavo no sviesta, cukura, kviešu miltiem, nedaudz pievienojot olas

butter dough is made from butter, sugar, (and) wheat flour, adding a little egg (= one or two eggs)

(in the genitive, used adjectivally) butter; containing butter, made with butter

butter, spread (any food paste generally used as spread)


sviests

sviests (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
sviesti (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
sviesta (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
sviestas (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
sviesta (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
sviestu (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
sviestas (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
sviestu (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
sviestam (dative indefinite masculine singular)
sviestiem (dative indefinite masculine plural)
sviestai (dative feminine indefinite singular)
sviestām (dative feminine indefinite plural)
sviestu (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
sviestus (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
sviestu (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
sviestas (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
sviestu (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
sviestiem (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
sviestu (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
sviestām (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
sviestā (indefinite locative masculine singular)
sviestos (indefinite locative masculine plural)
sviestā (feminine indefinite locative singular)
sviestās (feminine indefinite locative plural)

thrown, flung, slung; indefinite past passive participle of sviest


betons

betons (nominative singular)
betoni (nominative plural)
betona (genitive singular)
betonu (genitive plural)
betonam (dative singular)
betoniem (dative plural)
betonu (accusative singular)
betonus (accusative plural)
betonu (instrumental singular)
betoniem (instrumental plural)
betonā (locative singular)
betonos (locative plural)
beton (singular vocative)
betoni (plural vocative)

(construction) concrete (building material)


policija

policija (nominative singular)
policijas (genitive singular)
policijai (dative singular)
policiju (accusative singular)
policiju (instrumental singular)
policijā (locative singular)
policija (singular vocative)

policijas iecirknis

dienēt policijā

policijas priekšnieks

drošības policija

politiskā policija

kriminālā policija, kriminālpolicija

slepenā policija, slepenpolicija

policijas stunda


mīla

mīla (nominative singular)
mīlas (genitive singular)
mīlai (dative singular)
mīlu (accusative singular)
mīlu (instrumental singular)
mīlā (locative singular)
mīla (singular vocative)

A nominalized form of mīls, a dialectal variant of mīļš. Originally also dialectal, mīla is first mentioned in the written language in the 18th century (1786), and introduced by Rainis in the literary language in the 19th century (1888).

mīlas jūtas

pirmā mīlā

mīlas dzeja, dziesma, vārdi

love (positive romantic feeling for a specific person)

dzimtenes mīla

love (positive feeling for a group, people, institution, idea, etc.)


colla

colla (nominative singular)
collas (nominative plural)
collas (genitive singular)
collu (genitive plural)
collai (dative singular)
collām (dative plural)
collu (accusative singular)
collas (accusative plural)
collu (instrumental singular)
collām (instrumental plural)
collā (locative singular)
collās (locative plural)
colla (singular vocative)
collas (plural vocative)


orgasms

orgasms (nominative singular)
orgasmi (nominative plural)
orgasma (genitive singular)
orgasmu (genitive plural)
orgasmam (dative singular)
orgasmiem (dative plural)
orgasmu (accusative singular)
orgasmus (accusative plural)
orgasmu (instrumental singular)
orgasmiem (instrumental plural)
orgasmā (locative singular)
orgasmos (locative plural)
orgasm (singular vocative)
orgasmi (plural vocative)


milti

milti (nominative plural)
miltu (genitive plural)
miltiem (dative plural)
miltus (accusative plural)
miltiem (instrumental plural)
miltos (locative plural)
milti (plural vocative)

Originally from the past participle *milts, plural *milti, of an unattested verb *milt (“to crumble; to grind”), from Proto-Baltic *mil-, from Proto-Indo-European *ml̥-, the reduced grade of *mel- (whence also Latvian malt “to grind” (q.v.). Cognates include Lithuanian mìltai, Old Prussian miltan.

graudu milti

kviešu, rudzu milti

rupji, smalki milti

bīdelētie milti

miltu putra

miltu omlete

miltu ērce, kode

“lai Arturs aiziet uz veikalu un atnes maizei miltus”, tēvs īsi sacīja

“let Arthur go to the shop and bring flour for the bread”, father said succinctly

vienu dienu uz pavasara pusi Vilis atved divus maisus miltu

one day, when it was still spring, Vilis brought two sacks of flour

flour (powdery foodstuff obtained by grinding cereal grains)

kaļķakmens milti

kartupeļu milti

zivju milti

siena, skuju milti

koksnes, koka milti

koka miltus iegūst no lapkoku un skujkoku koksnes

wood flour is obtained from deciduous and conifer wood (= trees)

flour (powdery substance obtained by grinding raw materials with special instruments)


mīlestība

mīlestība (nominative singular)
mīlestības (genitive singular)
mīlestībai (dative singular)
mīlestību (accusative singular)
mīlestību (instrumental singular)
mīlestībā (locative singular)
mīlestība (singular vocative)

From an earlier unattested adjective *mīlests (compare mielasts (“banquet, feast”), also Russian ми́лость (mílostʹ, “compassion, mercy, grace”)) + -ība, maybe following the example of mīlība (“tenderness, sweetness”).

pirmā mīlestība

atzīšanās mīlestībā

platoniskā mīlestība

mīlestības vārdi, vēstule

mātes, vecāku mīlestība

dzimtenes mīlestība

dabas, dzīvnieku mīlestība

love (positive non-romantic feeling for someone or something, devotion)

mīlestība uz teātri

darba, kārtības mīlestība

mākslas mīlestība

mīlestība pret literatūru


armija

armija (nominative singular)
armijas (nominative plural)
armijas (genitive singular)
armiju (genitive plural)
armijai (dative singular)
armijām (dative plural)
armiju (accusative singular)
armijas (accusative plural)
armiju (instrumental singular)
armijām (instrumental plural)
armijā (locative singular)
armijās (locative plural)
armija (singular vocative)
armijas (plural vocative)

Via other European languages, ultimately borrowed from French armée (adapted to Latvian patterns: + -ija), from Middle French armee, ultimately a borrowing through Anglo-Norman of Medieval Latin armāta (“armed force”), the neuter plural form of the past participle of Latin armō (“to arm”), from arma (“arms, weapons”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂(e)rmos (“fitting”), from the root *h₂er- (“to join”).

aiziet armijā

iesaukt armijā

dienēt armijā

atbrīvotāja armija

armijas disciplīna

armijas formas tērps

demobilizēties no armijas

aktīvā armija

karam uznākot, jaunākais brālis iestājās armijā

when war broke out, the younger brother joined the armed forces

a country's armed forces (army, navy, and air force)


lūpa

lūpa (nominative singular)
lūpas (nominative plural)
lūpas (genitive singular)
lūpu (genitive plural)
lūpai (dative singular)
lūpām (dative plural)
lūpu (accusative singular)
lūpas (accusative plural)
lūpu (instrumental singular)
lūpām (instrumental plural)
lūpā (locative singular)
lūpās (locative plural)
lūpa (singular vocative)
lūpas (plural vocative)

From the same stem as the verbs lupt (“to peel, to come off”), lupināt (“to peel (tr.)”): Proto-Baltic *lūp-, *lup-, from Proto-Indo-European *lewp-, *lūp-, *lup- (“to pare, to peel, to break off”). The meaning evolved from “peeled off; puckered” to “puckered lips” and then simly “lips.” Cognates include Lithuanian lū́pa, Middle High German lubbe (“thick, puckered lip(s)”).

pilnīgas, plānas lūpas

augšējā lūpa

apakšējā lūpa

lūpu krāsa, lūpu pomāde

ar smaidu uz lūpām

iekost lūpā

kaunuma lūpas

zaķa lūpa


soms

lv-noun

soms m (1st declension, feminine form: somiete)

somiete (feminine)
soms (nominative singular)
somi (nominative plural)
soma (genitive singular)
somu (genitive plural)
somam (dative singular)
somiem (dative plural)
somu (accusative singular)
somus (accusative plural)
somu (instrumental singular)
somiem (instrumental plural)
somā (locative singular)
somos (locative plural)
som (singular vocative)
somi (plural vocative)

tikties ar somiem


kandela

kandela (nominative singular)
kandelas (nominative plural)
kandelas (genitive singular)
kandelu (genitive plural)
kandelai (dative singular)
kandelām (dative plural)
kandelu (accusative singular)
kandelas (accusative plural)
kandelu (instrumental singular)
kandelām (instrumental plural)
kandelā (locative singular)
kandelās (locative plural)
kandela (singular vocative)
kandelas (plural vocative)


banknote

banknote (nominative singular)
banknotes (nominative plural)
banknotes (genitive singular)
banknošu (genitive plural)
banknotei (dative singular)
banknotēm (dative plural)
banknoti (accusative singular)
banknotes (accusative plural)
banknoti (instrumental singular)
banknotēm (instrumental plural)
banknotē (locative singular)
banknotēs (locative plural)
banknote (singular vocative)
banknotes (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Italian banconota (“banknote”), probably via another language (cf. German Banknote, Russian банкно́т (banknót), банкно́та (banknóta)).

desmit latu banknote

banknošu apmaiņa

banknošu nodrošinājums

banknote, bill (piece of paper currency, printed by a (central) bank)


anglis

anglis m (2nd declension, feminine form: angliete)

angliete (feminine)
anglis (nominative singular)
angļi (nominative plural)
angļa (genitive singular)
angļu (genitive plural)
anglim (dative singular)
angļiem (dative plural)
angli (accusative singular)
angļus (accusative plural)
angli (instrumental singular)
angļiem (instrumental plural)
anglī (locative singular)
angļos (locative plural)
angli (singular vocative)
angļi (plural vocative)

Ultimately (like the word English itself) from Angles, the name of an old Germanic tribe.


Alfons

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in 1877. Of Germanic origin. Cognate to German Alfons and English Alfonso.


Sandra

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in 1937. From Aleksandra.

a female given name, equivalent to English Sandra


sekunde

sekunde (nominative singular)
sekundes (nominative plural)
sekundes (genitive singular)
sekunžu (genitive plural)
sekundei (dative singular)
sekundēm (dative plural)
sekundi (accusative singular)
sekundes (accusative plural)
sekundi (instrumental singular)
sekundēm (instrumental plural)
sekundē (locative singular)
sekundēs (locative plural)
sekunde (singular vocative)
sekundes (plural vocative)

From Medieval Latin secunda, short for secunda pars minuta (“second diminished part (of the hour)”).

minūtei ir sešdesmit sekundes

tas ilga dažas sekundes

šis indikators mirgo reizi sekundē

second (SI unit of time, 1/60 of a minute)


imports

imports (nominative singular)
importi (nominative plural)
importa (genitive singular)
importu (genitive plural)
importam (dative singular)
importiem (dative plural)
importu (accusative singular)
importus (accusative plural)
importu (instrumental singular)
importiem (instrumental plural)
importā (locative singular)
importos (locative plural)
import (singular vocative)
importi (plural vocative)


stabs

stabs (nominative singular)
stabi (nominative plural)
staba (genitive singular)
stabu (genitive plural)
stabam (dative singular)
stabiem (dative plural)
stabu (accusative singular)
stabus (accusative plural)
stabu (instrumental singular)
stabiem (instrumental plural)
stabā (locative singular)
stabos (locative plural)
stab (singular vocative)
stabi (plural vocative)

From Proto-Baltic *steb-, *stab- (with -as), from Proto-Balto-Slavic *stabas, from, from Proto-Indo-European *stebʰ- (“post, pole, (tree) trunk; to support, to hold, to pound, to tread”).
Cognates include Lithuanian stãbas (“idol, statue; pole; shape; paralysis; surrouding; respite, breathing space”), Old Prussian stabis (“rock, stone”), stabni (“oven”) (< *stabinē), Old Church Slavonic стоборъ (stoborŭ, “column”), Bulgarian стобо́р (stobór, “wooden fence”), Slovene stebér (“pole, idol”), Old Norse stafr (“stick, rod, support”), Old High German stab, Middle Low German staf, German Stab (“stick, rod, club”), English staff, Sanskrit स्तभ्नाति (stabhnā́ti, “to support, to strengthen”), Ancient Greek στέμβω (stémbō, “to pound, to shake continuously”).

cog

sētas stabi

telefona stabi

elektrības stabi

vārtu stabi nolūzuši

reklāmu stabs

kauna stabs

viņš stāv kā stabs

he, it stands as a pillar (tall, immobile)

pole, post, pillar (vertically placed long, thin, cylindrical object to keep something in place)


violets

head

violets (definite violetais, comparative violetāks, superlative visvioletākais, adverb violeti)

violetais (definite)
violetāks (comparative)
visvioletākais (superlative)
violeti (adverb)
violets (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
violeti (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
violeta (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
violetas (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
violeta (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
violetu (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
violetas (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
violetu (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
violetam (dative indefinite masculine singular)
violetiem (dative indefinite masculine plural)
violetai (dative feminine indefinite singular)
violetām (dative feminine indefinite plural)
violetu (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
violetus (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
violetu (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
violetas (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
violetu (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
violetiem (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
violetu (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
violetām (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
violetā (indefinite locative masculine singular)
violetos (indefinite locative masculine plural)
violetā (feminine indefinite locative singular)
violetās (feminine indefinite locative plural)

Borrowed from French violette, probably via some other European language.

tumši, gaiši violets

violetas asteres

violets mētelis

violeta tinte

violetas krāsas drāna

purple (having the color, of, e.g., heather flowers; a reddish blue)


stings

stings (definite stingais, comparative stingāks, superlative visstingākais, adverb stingi)

stingais (definite)
stingāks (comparative)
visstingākais (superlative)
stingi (adverb)
stings (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
stingi (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
stinga (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
stingas (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
stinga (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
stingu (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
stingas (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
stingu (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
stingam (dative indefinite masculine singular)
stingiem (dative indefinite masculine plural)
stingai (dative feminine indefinite singular)
stingām (dative feminine indefinite plural)
stingu (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
stingus (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
stingu (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
stingas (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
stingu (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
stingiem (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
stingu (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
stingām (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
stingā (indefinite locative masculine singular)
stingos (indefinite locative masculine plural)
stingā (feminine indefinite locative singular)
stingās (feminine indefinite locative plural)

A parallel form to stingrs (“firm, strong, strict”), but without the r, both from the same stem as the verb stingt (“to harden, to stiffen”).

stings materiāls

stings fizikālais ķermenis

(physics) rigid (capable of resisting deformation)

stings režģis

stinga stieņu konstrukcija

(technology) rigid (built in such a way that its elements cannot displace each other)


cements

cements (nominative singular)
cementi (nominative plural)
cementa (genitive singular)
cementu (genitive plural)
cementam (dative singular)
cementiem (dative plural)
cementu (accusative singular)
cementus (accusative plural)
cementu (instrumental singular)
cementiem (instrumental plural)
cementā (locative singular)
cementos (locative plural)
cement (singular vocative)
cementi (plural vocative)


pilots

lv-noun

pilots m (1st declension, feminine form: pilote)

pilote (feminine)
pilots (nominative singular)
piloti (nominative plural)
pilota (genitive singular)
pilotu (genitive plural)
pilotam (dative singular)
pilotiem (dative plural)
pilotu (accusative singular)
pilotus (accusative plural)
pilotu (instrumental singular)
pilotiem (instrumental plural)
pilotā (locative singular)
pilotos (locative plural)
pilot (singular vocative)
piloti (plural vocative)


gads

gads (nominative singular)
gadi (nominative plural)
gada (genitive singular)
gadu (genitive plural)
gadam (dative singular)
gadiem (dative plural)
gadu (accusative singular)
gadus (accusative plural)
gadu (instrumental singular)
gadiem (instrumental plural)
gadā (locative singular)
gados (locative plural)
gads (singular vocative)
gadi (plural vocative)

Inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic *gadás, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰodʰ-, o-grade of *gʰedʰ- (“to unify, to match”) (whence also gadīties, q.v.). The semantic evolution of the term probably went from “matching, appropriate” > “appropriate, determined, specific time (period)” > “(church) holiday” > “sequence of church holidays in a year” > “year”. Since this evolution parallels that of Russian год (god), there may also have been Russian influence on the meaning changes of Latvian gads. Cognates include Latgalian gods, Lithuanian gadýnė (“time, period”) (< Belarusian гадзі́на (hadzína)), Old Church Slavonic годъ (godŭ, “suitable time, holiday, year”), Russian, Belarusian год (god, “year”), Upper Sorbian hod, hody (“winter holidays”), Czech hod (“church holiday”), Polish gody (“wedding feast, wedding”), Serbo-Croatian gȏd (“name day, important holiday”).


krāsa

krāsa (nominative singular)
krāsas (nominative plural)
krāsas (genitive singular)
krāsu (genitive plural)
krāsai (dative singular)
krāsām (dative plural)
krāsu (accusative singular)
krāsas (accusative plural)
krāsu (instrumental singular)
krāsām (instrumental plural)
krāsā (locative singular)
krāsās (locative plural)
krāsa (singular vocative)
krāsas (plural vocative)

13th-century, borrowed from Old East Slavic краса (krasa, “beauty, splendor”) (compare Russian краса́ (krasá)), which comes from Proto-Indo-European *ker- (“to burn, to glow”) (whence also Latvian karsts). Initially used in the Eastern regions, this word only penetrated further into the language in the 18th century, at first with the meaning “healthy, pretty facial color.” At the beginning of the 19th century, under the influence of Russian краска (kraska, “paint”), it acquired the sense “(natural) color of an object.”. In the second half of the 19th century, the meaning of krāsa was broadened, in order to replace the Germanism pērve, perve (“paint”) (still attested in dialects).

bor

balta, melna, sarkana krāsa

spilgta, spoža krāsa

auksta, silta krāsa

krāsas piesātinātība

krāsu gamma

krāsu redze

krāsu aklums

krāsu televīzija

color (visible light of a certain wavelength)

tipogrāfijas krāsa

krāsu kārba

eļļas krāsa

emaljas krāsa

krāsu palete

akvareļa (= ūdens) krāsa

uzlikt, uzklāt krāsu

jaukt, atšķaidīt krāsas

notīrīt veco krāsu

paint, ink (substance applied to an object or surface to give it a certain color)


nags

nags (nominative singular)
nagi (nominative plural)
naga (genitive singular)
nagu (genitive plural)
nagam (dative singular)
nagiem (dative plural)
nagu (accusative singular)
nagus (accusative plural)
nagu (instrumental singular)
nagiem (instrumental plural)
nagā (locative singular)
nagos (locative plural)
nags (singular vocative)
nagi (plural vocative)

Basically from Proto-Balto-Slavic *nágas, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃nṓgʰs (see there for further descendants). The meaning 'leg', widely attested in Slavic (cf. Ukrainian нога (noha), Russian нога (noga), Czech noha, Polish noga) and also in Old Prussian noge (cf. also meaning #3 below), probably evolved as '(finger) nail' > '(bird) claw' > '(bird) leg'. The 'metal fastener for joining wood etc.' meaning, found in Germanic languages (English nail, German Nagel), is probably derived from 'claw' as 'object for piercing'.

gari nagi

ieaudzis nags

naga gultne

naga sakne

nail root (part of the nail under the skin, where the nail grows)

nagu kopšana

nagu laka

apgriezt nagus

nolīdzināt nagus ar vīlīti

ar zobiem un nagiem

with tooth and nail (with complete dedication, persistently)

(anatomy) fingernail (thin, curved horny plate on the back surface of a (human) fingertip).

kaķa nags

ērgļa nagi

Vanagam ir asi nagi.

Govis apslima ar mutes un nagu sērgu.

(anatomy) claw (horny formation at the tip of an animal's toe).

Viņam uz atslēdznieku darbu esot nags no bērnu dienām.

He has had a knack for locksmithing since childhood.

(figurative, colloquial) dexterity, skill, knack, special talent

Zem žokej cepures naga šaurās spraugas spīdēja divas niknas acis.
Under the narrow gap of the protrusion of a jokeyš hat, two fierce eyes shone.

a crescent-shaped protrusion of a hat above the forehead

Izplatīts akluma un vājredzības cēlonis... ir bojājumi acs optiskajā sistēmā, piemēram, lēcas vai radzenes apduļķojumi (katarakta, nags).

A common cause of blindness and low vision... is damage to the optical system of the eye, such as clouding of the lens or cornea (cataract, or nail).


brunets

head

brunets (definite brunetais, comparative brunetāks, superlative visbrunetākais, adverb bruneti)

brunetais (definite)
brunetāks (comparative)
visbrunetākais (superlative)
bruneti (adverb)
brunets (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
bruneti (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
bruneta (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
brunetas (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
bruneta (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
brunetu (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
brunetas (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
brunetu (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
brunetam (dative indefinite masculine singular)
brunetiem (dative indefinite masculine plural)
brunetai (dative feminine indefinite singular)
brunetām (dative feminine indefinite plural)
brunetu (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
brunetus (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
brunetu (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
brunetas (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
brunetu (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
brunetiem (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
brunetu (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
brunetām (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
brunetā (indefinite locative masculine singular)
brunetos (indefinite locative masculine plural)
brunetā (feminine indefinite locative singular)
brunetās (feminine indefinite locative plural)


brunets

lv-noun

brunets m (1st declension, feminine form: brunete)

brunete (feminine)
brunets (nominative singular)
bruneti (nominative plural)
bruneta (genitive singular)
brunetu (genitive plural)
brunetam (dative singular)
brunetiem (dative plural)
brunetu (accusative singular)
brunetus (accusative plural)
brunetu (instrumental singular)
brunetiem (instrumental plural)
brunetā (locative singular)
brunetos (locative plural)
brunet (singular vocative)
bruneti (plural vocative)


gane

gane f (5th declension, masculine form: gans)

gans (masculine)
gane (nominative singular)
ganes (nominative plural)
ganes (genitive singular)
gaņu (genitive plural)
ganei (dative singular)
ganēm (dative plural)
gani (accusative singular)
ganes (accusative plural)
gani (instrumental singular)
ganēm (instrumental plural)
ganē (locative singular)
ganēs (locative plural)
gane (singular vocative)
ganes (plural vocative)


eļļa

eļļa (nominative singular)
eļļas (nominative plural)
eļļas (genitive singular)
eļļu (genitive plural)
eļļai (dative singular)
eļļām (dative plural)
eļļu (accusative singular)
eļļas (accusative plural)
eļļu (instrumental singular)
eļļām (instrumental plural)
eļļā (locative singular)
eļļās (locative plural)
eļļa (singular vocative)
eļļas (plural vocative)

oil (an oily liquid lighter than water and insoluble in it, obtained from certain plants or minerals)


humors

humors (nominative singular)
humora (genitive singular)
humoram (dative singular)
humoru (accusative singular)
humoru (instrumental singular)
humorā (locative singular)
humor (singular vocative)

Via other European languages, ultimately borrowed from Latin umor (“moisture”), from the ancient theory that the moods and dispositions of the human psyche were related to bodily fluids.

labsirdīgs humors

humora dzirksts

humora izjūta

cilvēks ar humora izjūtu

viņa balsī jūtama humora pieskaņa

in his voice one can feel a touch of humor

zvejas vīru humoru netraucē ne vētra, ne arī nemīlīgs laiks

neither storms nor inclement weather can disturb the humor of fishermen

viņš visu prot pateikt ar humoru, un mēs smejamies

he knows how to say everything with humor, and we laugh

humor (good-natured, playful attitude; the capacity to recognize and understand what is funny or comical)

tautas pasaku un sakāmvārdu humors

humor (that which is funny; a funny situation or anecdote)


pase

pase (nominative singular)
pases (nominative plural)
pases (genitive singular)
pasu (genitive plural)
pasei (dative singular)
pasēm (dative plural)
pasi (accusative singular)
pases (accusative plural)
pasi (instrumental singular)
pasēm (instrumental plural)
pasē (locative singular)
pasēs (locative plural)
pase (singular vocative)
pases (plural vocative)


mats

mats (nominative singular)
mati (nominative plural)
mata (genitive singular)
matu (genitive plural)
matam (dative singular)
matiem (dative plural)
matu (accusative singular)
matus (accusative plural)
matu (instrumental singular)
matiem (instrumental plural)
matā (locative singular)
matos (locative plural)
mats (singular vocative)
mati (plural vocative)

From Proto-Baltic, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *mat-, from Proto-Indo-European *mē-, *m-et- (“to mark, to measure”), whence also Latvian mest (“to throw”) (older meaning “to measure”, from Proto-Indo-European *mē-ti- (“measure, wisdom”)). The original meaning was thus “measure, mark” (a derived meaning of “compensation, payment (for milling grain)” < “amount measured to be given as payment” is attested in older sources and in some dialects). The semantic evolution was “measure” > “body part used as measure unit” > “small measure / small body part used as measure unit” > “hair” (note that human and animal hair (wool) was an ancient small measure unit among many peoples, including ancient Latvians). In some expressions, traces of the earlier meaning of mats as “small measure unit” can still be seen: uz mata (“correct”), mats matā, ne par matu. Cognates include Lithuanian mãtas (“measure, measure unit”), Russian ме́тить (métitʹ, “to mark, to label”), Sanskrit माति (māti), मिमाति (mā́ti, mimā́ti, “to measure”), Albanian matë (“measure”).

cog

gaiši, rudi, tumši, sirmi mati

kastaņbrūni mati

kupli, sprogaini, gludi mati

normāli, taukaini, sausi mati

matu cirtas, sprogas

matu pīne

apgriezt matus

nogriezt matus īsus

nogriezt, nodzīt matus (uz nulli)

matu rullītis

matu laka

matu eļļa, mateļļa

matu (sa)kārtojums

matu mezgls

līdzās ceļiniekiem stāv meitene ar pelēkām matu pīnēm

a girl with gray hair braids is standing next to the traveler

dārzā līkņāja vecs vīrs bez neviena mata uz galvas

in the garden an old man without any hair on (his) head was stooping

(anatomy, usually plural) (head) hair (set of keratin filaments which grow on the top of a human being's head)

mata stiebrs

mata sakne

mata sīpols

uz ķermeņa, rokām un kājām mati ir maigi, plāni, tos vēl sauc par pūku... uzacu, plakstu mati ir gari, saraini

on the body, arms and legs hairs are soft (and) thin, they are also called fuzz... eyebrow, eyelid hair (in contrast) is long, stubbly

āpša ādu kažokrūpniecībā maz izmanto, jo mati rupji un cieti

badger skin is not used much in the fur industry, because (its) hairs are coarse and hard

(anatomy, singular or plural) each keratin filament on the body of human beings or other animals


Inga

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in 1827. From Old Norse Inga. Cognate to Danish and Swedish Inga.


muca

muca (nominative singular)
mucas (nominative plural)
mucas (genitive singular)
mucu (genitive plural)
mucai (dative singular)
mucām (dative plural)
mucu (accusative singular)
mucas (accusative plural)
mucu (instrumental singular)
mucām (instrumental plural)
mucā (locative singular)
mucās (locative plural)
muca (singular vocative)
mucas (plural vocative)


Simona

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in the end of the 19th century. Feminine form of Simons (“Simon”).


Aleksandra

Aleksandra (nominative singular)
Aleksandras (genitive singular)
Aleksandrai (dative singular)
Aleksandru (accusative singular)
Aleksandru (instrumental singular)
Aleksandrā (locative singular)
Aleksandra (singular vocative)

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in 1879. Ultimately from Ancient Greek Ἀλεξάνδρα (Alexándra). Cognate to English Alexandra.

Алекса́ндра Александра#Russian

A transliteration of the Russian female given name Алекса́ндра (Aleksándra), equivalent to Alexandra.

A respelling of the English, Czech, Danish, French, German, Norwegian, Portuguese, Romanian, Slovak, or Swedish female given name Alexandra.


humorists

lv-noun

humorists m (1st declension, feminine form: humoriste)

humoriste (feminine)
humorists (nominative singular)
humoristi (nominative plural)
humorista (genitive singular)
humoristu (genitive plural)
humoristam (dative singular)
humoristiem (dative plural)
humoristu (accusative singular)
humoristus (accusative plural)
humoristu (instrumental singular)
humoristiem (instrumental plural)
humoristā (locative singular)
humoristos (locative plural)
humorist (singular vocative)
humoristi (plural vocative)

From humors (“humor”) + -ists. Probably not formed as such in Latvian, but borrowed and adapted from other European languages.

humorista asais skatiens atrod visapslēptākās cilvēka vājības, pamana simtiem to izpausmes veidu un variantu

a humorist/comedian's sharp look finds the innermost human weaknesses and sees hundreds of forms and variations of their expression

humorist, comedian (a (male) artist who portrays the world in a comic, humorous way)


leja

leja (nominative singular)
lejas (nominative plural)
lejas (genitive singular)
leju (genitive plural)
lejai (dative singular)
lejām (dative plural)
leju (accusative singular)
lejas (accusative plural)
leju (instrumental singular)
lejām (instrumental plural)
lejā (locative singular)
lejās (locative plural)
leja (singular vocative)
lejas (plural vocative)

From earlier (19th-century) leija, from Proto-Baltic *ley-ya-, from *ley-ā, from Proto-Indo-European *l̥-ey, from the zero grade of *el-, *Heh₃l- (“to bend, to incline”) (whence also elkonis (“elbow”), q.v.) with a suffix -ey. The meaning probably evolved as follows: “bent inward” > “inwardly bent earth”, “valley” > “lower area.” Cognates include Gothic 𐌿𐌽𐌳𐌰𐍂𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌾𐌰 (undarleija, “lower, smaller”), Ancient Greek λειμών (leimṓn, “humid, grassy place, humid meadow”) (lower places are often humid).

cog

upes, strauta leja

dziļa leja

krūmiem aizaugusi leja

lejas nogāze

starp diviem kalniem vēsā lejā / svēts, vientuļš klosteris glabājās

in a cool valley between two mountains / a holy, lonely monastery kept itself


Arta

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in 1916. Possibly a feminine form of Artis.


diena

diena (nominative singular)
dienas (nominative plural)
dienas (genitive singular)
dienu (genitive plural)
dienai (dative singular)
dienām (dative plural)
dienu (accusative singular)
dienas (accusative plural)
dienu (instrumental singular)
dienām (instrumental plural)
dienā (locative singular)
dienās (locative plural)
diena (singular vocative)
dienas (plural vocative)

From Proto-Baltic (compare Old Prussian dēinā), from Proto-Balto-Slavic *deinas/*dinas (compare Proto-Slavic *dьnь), from Proto-Indo-European *déynos, ultimately from *dyew- (“to shine”).

Lietojiet vienu tableti dienā.

Nedēļā ir septiņas dienas.

Es to dienu nekad neaizmirsīšu.

dienas gaisma


smaka

smaka (nominative singular)
smakas (nominative plural)
smakas (genitive singular)
smaku (genitive plural)
smakai (dative singular)
smakām (dative plural)
smaku (accusative singular)
smakas (accusative plural)
smaku (instrumental singular)
smakām (instrumental plural)
smakā (locative singular)
smakās (locative plural)
smaka (singular vocative)
smakas (plural vocative)

Traditionally considered borrowed from Middle Low German smak (“taste; smell”) or Saterland Frisian smaka or Middle Dutch smake, which is supported by its use in 17th-century texts to mean not only “smell,” but also “taste.” This may however have been a purely written usage, given the absence at the time of a term for “taste;” other writings of the period suggest that the “taste” meaning was rare or unattested among speakers. If this is so, the word might actually not be a borrowing, but an indigenous formation, from the stem of the verb smakt (“to stifle; to choke; to gasp”) (q.v.), made into a 4th-declension feminine noun. Since ancient Baltic and Iranian tribes were neighbors for some time, there may also be influence from Iranian languages (cf. Ossetian смаг (smag, “odor”). Originally, smaka had a broader meaning, “smell, odor” (in general); in the 19th century, the phrase laba smaka “good odor” still occurred. Later on it switched senses with smarža (which used to mean “bad smell” but is now neutral; q.v.).

nepatīkama, kodīga smaka

pēlējuma, sēra, sviedru smaka

salda, skāba smaka

nejust nekādu smaku

sajust dūmu samku

izvēdināt piedeguma smaku

to disperse the burned smell (by ventilating the room)

pretīga gruzduma smaka tā piesātinājusi visu apkārtni, ka grūti bija elpot

the disgusting stench of smoke had saturated the whole neighborhood, so that it was hard to breathe


Monika

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in 1877. From Latin Monica.


Krista

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in 1683. Short form of Kristīna (“Christina”).


Zane

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in 1795. From Zuzanna (“Susan”). Name of a character in the play Pūt, vējiņi (1913) by Rainis.


volts

volts (nominative singular)
volti (nominative plural)
volta (genitive singular)
voltu (genitive plural)
voltam (dative singular)
voltiem (dative plural)
voltu (accusative singular)
voltus (accusative plural)
voltu (instrumental singular)
voltiem (instrumental plural)
voltā (locative singular)
voltos (locative plural)
volt (singular vocative)
volti (plural vocative)


Augusts

First recorded in 1762. From Latin Augustus.


hlorofils

hlorofils (nominative singular)
hlorofili (nominative plural)
hlorofila (genitive singular)
hlorofilu (genitive plural)
hlorofilam (dative singular)
hlorofiliem (dative plural)
hlorofilu (accusative singular)
hlorofilus (accusative plural)
hlorofilu (instrumental singular)
hlorofiliem (instrumental plural)
hlorofilā (locative singular)
hlorofilos (locative plural)
hlorofil (singular vocative)
hlorofili (plural vocative)


Olga

Derived from Russian and Ukrainian О́льга (Ólʹha). First recorded as a given name of Latvians in 1858.

der+

О́льга Ольга#Russian

A transliteration of the Russian female given name О́льга (Ólʹga).


auss

auss (nominative singular)
ausis (nominative plural)
auss (genitive singular)
ausu (genitive plural)
ausij (dative singular)
ausīm (dative plural)
ausi (accusative singular)
ausis (accusative plural)
ausi (instrumental singular)
ausīm (instrumental plural)
ausī (locative singular)
ausīs (locative plural)
auss (singular vocative)
ausis (plural vocative)

A 6th-declension stem based on an earlier plural form ausì, from Proto-Baltic *auś-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ṓws (“ear”). From Proto-Baltic, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ows-. Cognates include Lithuanian ausìs, Old Prussian ausins (accusative plural), Proto-Slavic *uxo, Gothic 𐌰𐌿𐍃𐍉 (ausō) (< Proto-Germanic *ausô, Old High German ōra, German Ohr, Avestan 𐬎𐬱𐬌 (uši, “both ears, mind, reason”), Ancient Greek οὖς (oûs), Latin auris (< *ausis).

cog

ārējā, iekšējā auss

pakasīt aiz auss

spalvainas ausis

ausu ārsts

auss eja

auss iekaisums

nedzirdīgas, kurlas ausis

saberzēt nosalušas ausis

ausīs džinkst, dūc, zvana, dun, šalc, rūc, šņāc

(one's) ears are buzzing, whizzing, ringing

mūsu auss skaņas svārstības uztver tikai no 15 līdz 20000 hercu intervālā

our ear's sound perception range covers an interval of only 15 to 20000 Hertz

suns aprimst kaukt un aizdomīgi paceļ ausis

the dog stopped howling and suspiciously raised his ears


cūka

cūka (nominative singular)
cūkas (nominative plural)
cūkas (genitive singular)
cūku (genitive plural)
cūkai (dative singular)
cūkām (dative plural)
cūku (accusative singular)
cūkas (accusative plural)
cūku (instrumental singular)
cūkām (instrumental plural)
cūkā (locative singular)
cūkās (locative plural)
cūka (singular vocative)
cūkas (plural vocative)

From Proto-Baltic *kyaw-, *kyū-, from a palatalized version (perhaps by onomatopoeia, by imitating this animal's sound) of Proto-Indo-European *kew-, *kū- (“to howl, to shout; cf. kaukt “to howl””). A parallel, non-palatalized version is probably reflected in placenames like Kūkas, perhaps originally a region with many wild boars. An even further palatalized version (where *ky > *ḱ > *š > Latvian s) may have given rise to placenames like Sauka, or, with a different suffix, to placenames in -saule like Jaunsaule, perhaps even to Lithuanian Šiauliaĩ. A different (minoritary) theory derives čūka from an earlier *sūka, borrowed from Slavic (cf. Russian су́ка (súka)); another (minoritary) viewpoint connects cūka to imitative words used to call pigs, like Russian чух (čux)!, чух-чух (čux-čux)!, Belarusian, Ukrainian ацю! (acju!), Polish a ciu!, Latvian c̆uk-c̆uk!, Lithuanian čiùk-čiùk!, čiū́k-čiū́k! Cognates include Lithuanian dialectal čiūkà, kūkà, also čiūkùtis, kūkùtis (“piglet”), Russian dialectal чу́ха (čúxa), чухна́ (čuxná, “pig”).

mājas cūka

vaislas cūka

meža cūka

cūka kviec, rukšķ

cūku kūts, aizgalds

cūku šķirnes

cūku tauki

nobarot cūku

kaut cūku

cūkas gaļa, cūkgaļa

cūka viņu sagaidīja sīkiem rukšķiem

Sus scrofa domesticus
Wikispecies:Sus scrofa domesticus

viņu nosauca pazīstamu cilvēku klātbūtnē par cūku

he was called a pig in the presence of people he knew

(figuratively) pig (a dirty, unhygienic person; also, a villainous man; colloquially also an unattractive female)

“cūkas” jeb “duraki” ir kāršu spēle, kuras mērķis ir atbrīvoties no rokās esošajām kārtīm

“pigs,” or “fools,” is a card game whose objective it is to get rid of all the cards in one's hands

(only plural) the name of a certain card game


skābe

skābe (nominative singular)
skābes (nominative plural)
skābes (genitive singular)
skābju (genitive plural)
skābei (dative singular)
skābēm (dative plural)
skābi (accusative singular)
skābes (accusative plural)
skābi (instrumental singular)
skābēm (instrumental plural)
skābē (locative singular)
skābēs (locative plural)
skābe (singular vocative)
skābes (plural vocative)

A word coined in the 19th century from skāb(t) (“to go sour”) + -e, first attested in dictionaries of that time. In the 1850s, K. Valdemārs tried to use the term skābums in the sense of “acid,” but without success: skābe became the standard term for this sense.

stipra, vāja skābe

organiskā skābe

skābju savienojumi

skābekli saturošas skābes

(chemistry) acid (a sour substance that reacts with a base to produce a salt)


vēdeklis

vēdeklis (nominative singular)
vēdekļi (nominative plural)
vēdekļa (genitive singular)
vēdekļu (genitive plural)
vēdeklim (dative singular)
vēdekļiem (dative plural)
vēdekli (accusative singular)
vēdekļus (accusative plural)
vēdekli (instrumental singular)
vēdekļiem (instrumental plural)
vēdeklī (locative singular)
vēdekļos (locative plural)
vēdekli (singular vocative)
vēdekļi (plural vocative)

From vēd(ināt) (“to fan, to wave”) + -eklis. A 19th-century neologism, initially used alongside forms like vēcināmais and vēceklis.

auduma, koka vēdeklis

strausa spalvu vēdeklis

grezns vēdeklis

hand fan (hand-held device that can be waved back and forth to move air and cool oneself)

abas sugas ir koki ar vēdeklī sakārtotām lapām

both species are trees with leaves arranged into a fan

fan (something having the shape of a fan)


zābaks

zābaks (nominative singular)
zābaki (nominative plural)
zābaka (genitive singular)
zābaku (genitive plural)
zābakam (dative singular)
zābakiem (dative plural)
zābaku (accusative singular)
zābakus (accusative plural)
zābaku (instrumental singular)
zābakiem (instrumental plural)
zābakā (locative singular)
zābakos (locative plural)
zābak (singular vocative)
zābaki (plural vocative)

An old, pre-13th-century borrowing from Old East Slavic забогъ (zabogŭ); cf. Russian сапо́г (sapóg), dialectal забог (zabog), already mentioned in 17th-century dictionaries, and also in 15th- and 16th-century family names. An old feminine variant zābaka, already attested in 17th-century dictionaries, persisted until the 19th century, when it finally disappeared.

viriešu, sieviešu zābaki

gumijas zābaki

slēpju, slidu zābaki

garie zābaki

zābaku saites, auklas

aizsaitēt zābakus

vilkt kājās zābakus


zobens

zobens (nominative singular)
zobeni (nominative plural)
zobena (genitive singular)
zobenu (genitive plural)
zobenam (dative singular)
zobeniem (dative plural)
zobenu (accusative singular)
zobenus (accusative plural)
zobenu (instrumental singular)
zobeniem (instrumental plural)
zobenā (locative singular)
zobenos (locative plural)
zoben (singular vocative)
zobeni (plural vocative)

From zobs (“tooth; sharpness, blade”) + -ens; the original meaning was “piercing instrument with sharp edge, blade.”

ass zobens

smags zobens

līks zobens

zobena spals

zobena maksts

Damaskas tērauda zobens

izvilkt zobenu

vicināt zobenu

paukošanas ar zobeniem

(weaponry) sword (long-bladed weapon with a handle, for stabbing, cutting or slashing)


sperma

sperma (nominative singular)
spermas (nominative plural)
spermas (genitive singular)
spermu (genitive plural)
spermai (dative singular)
spermām (dative plural)
spermu (accusative singular)
spermas (accusative plural)
spermu (instrumental singular)
spermām (instrumental plural)
spermā (locative singular)
spermās (locative plural)
sperma (singular vocative)
spermas (plural vocative)

From Latin sperma, from Ancient Greek σπέρμα (spérma, “seed, semen”).

der

sperm, semen (generative substance of male animals)


pasts

pasts (nominative singular)
pasta (genitive singular)
pastam (dative singular)
pastu (accusative singular)
pastu (instrumental singular)
pastā (locative singular)
past (singular vocative)

Borrowed from German Post (itself a borrowing from Italian), first mentioned in 17th/18th-century dictionaries.

pasta darbinieks

pasta krājkase

pasta stacija

pasts iekārtojās tajā pašā namā, kura vienu pusi bija aizņēmusi izpildu komiteja

the post (office) was placed in the same building in which one half had been occupied by the Executive Committee

pēc kādas nedēļas Nadīna paziņo, ka pāriešot dzīvot turpat pastā

after about a week Nadīna announced that she would go live right there in the post (office)

mail, post (organization that delivers letters and small packages; place, buildings where it works)

gaisa pasts

pasta sakari

pasta ceļš

mail, post (the regular delivery service of this organization)

nosūtīt pastu

atnest pastu

pasta vagons

pasta soma

“pasts uz jūsu galda”, viņa sekretāre teica

“the mail is on your desk,” his secretary said

Florencē saņēmām no Rīgas pārsūtīto pastu

in Florece we received the mail forwarded from Riga

mail, post (the letters or packages delivered by this organization)


tilts

tilts (nominative singular)
tilti (nominative plural)
tilta (genitive singular)
tiltu (genitive plural)
tiltam (dative singular)
tiltiem (dative plural)
tiltu (accusative singular)
tiltus (accusative plural)
tiltu (instrumental singular)
tiltiem (instrumental plural)
tiltā (locative singular)
tiltos (locative plural)
tilt (singular vocative)
tilti (plural vocative)

Originally the past participle of an earlier verb *telt, parallel form *tilt, from Proto-Baltic *tel-, *til-, from Proto-Indo-European *tel-, *stel- (“to spread, to spread out”), whence also Latvian telpa (“space, room”). The original meaning was therefore “(that which is) spread out”, from which “(path, road) covered with intertwined, interlaced branches, logs” (a meaning still attested in folk songs) and then “bridge.” Cognates include Lithuanian tìltas; elsewhere, the stem *tel-, *stel- led to notions like “smooth base, floor, board:” Lithuanian dialectal tìlė (“a boat's bottom plank”), Old Prussian talus (“floor”), Proto-Slavic *tьlo (“base, floor”) (Old Church Slavonic тьло (tĭlo), Russian, Ukrainian тло (tlo), Czech tla (“floor”), Polish tło (“base, background”), Upper Sorbian tło (“floor, base, bottom”)), Old Irish talam (“earth”) (< *tlə-mo-), Proto-Germanic *þiliz (“board, plank”) (Old Norse þil, þili (“plank wall”), þilja (“floor, plank”), þel (“base, floor”), Old High German dil, dilo (“plank wall, floor”), dilla (“board, floor, ship deck”), German Diele (“plank”)), Sanskrit तलम् (talam, “plain, flat surface; palm”), Ancient Greek τήλιᾱ (tḗliā, “game table, board”), Albanian tullë (“brick”),
Latin tellūs (“earth”) (< *telnos), Ossetian тӕрхӕг (tærxæg, “bench”).

cog

komandas tilts, komandtilts

uz komandas tilta stāvēja Kondruss, pēc izskata vēl pavisam jauns cilvēks

on the command bridge stood Kondruss, in appearance yet a quite young person (= man)

(nautical) bridge (elevated platform over the upper deck of a ship, from which activities can be seen and controlled by the captain)

līdzsvarota tilta slēguma shēmu bieži lieto elektriskajos mērījumos

a balanced bridge connection is often used in electric measurements

electric circuit
electric circuit#English

(electronics) bridge (element of an electric circuit, used to connect a measuring instrument)

izņemamas protēzes lietotājam sagādā zināmas neērtības, salīdzinot ar iestiprinātām zobu protēzēm, tā saucamiem tiltiem

removable prostheses (dentures) give (their) users some discomfort, in comparison with fixed prostheses (= dentures), the so-called bridges

(medicine) non-removable denture, supported by natural teeth

jau trešajā minūtē Hervigs bija tiltā un ar grūtībām izgriezās

as early as the third minute Hervigs was in a bridge and wrung itself out (of it) with difficulty

(sports, martial arts) bridge position, backbend (position of the body in which the raised back rests on the hands (or nape) and feet touching the floor)


centrists

lv-noun

centrists m (1st declension, feminine form: centriste)

centriste (feminine)
centrists (nominative singular)
centristi (nominative plural)
centrista (genitive singular)
centristu (genitive plural)
centristam (dative singular)
centristiem (dative plural)
centristu (accusative singular)
centristus (accusative plural)
centristu (instrumental singular)
centristiem (instrumental plural)
centristā (locative singular)
centristos (locative plural)
centrist (singular vocative)
centristi (plural vocative)

Francijas centrists Bejrū noraida aliansi ar sociālistiem

the French centrist François Bayrou rejects an alliance with the socialists

(politics, philosophy) (male) centrist (a follower or defender of centrism; a politician of the political center)


Kristus

Kristus (nominative singular)
Kristus (genitive singular)
Kristum (dative singular)
Kristu (accusative singular)
Kristu (instrumental singular)
Kristū (locative singular)
Kristus (singular vocative)


arka

arka (nominative singular)
arkas (nominative plural)
arkas (genitive singular)
arku (genitive plural)
arkai (dative singular)
arkām (dative plural)
arku (accusative singular)
arkas (accusative plural)
arku (instrumental singular)
arkām (instrumental plural)
arkā (locative singular)
arkās (locative plural)
arka (singular vocative)
arkas (plural vocative)

Via some other European language, ultimately a borrowing from Latin arcus (“bow”), in feminine form (compare French arche (“bow”) and Late Latin arca, also ultimately from arcus).

loka arka

pusapļa arka

akmeņu arka

loga, durvju, vārtu arka

arkas cekuls

triumfa arka

dzelzceļa tilta varenās arkas

neredzēti līkumaini koki, kuru savijušās lapotnes veido dabiskas arkas

unseen cranked trees whose intertwined foliage forms natural arches

(architecture) arch (bow-shaped arrangement between two supports)


ekliptika

ekliptika (nominative singular)
ekliptikas (nominative plural)
ekliptikas (genitive singular)
ekliptiku (genitive plural)
ekliptikai (dative singular)
ekliptikām (dative plural)
ekliptiku (accusative singular)
ekliptikas (accusative plural)
ekliptiku (instrumental singular)
ekliptikām (instrumental plural)
ekliptikā (locative singular)
ekliptikās (locative plural)
ekliptika (singular vocative)
ekliptikas (plural vocative)

(astronomy) ecliptic (Earth's orbital plane)


Vilma

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in the end of the 19th century. Borrowed from German Wilma, short for Wilhelma and Wilhelmina.


protons

protons (nominative singular)
protoni (nominative plural)
protona (genitive singular)
protonu (genitive plural)
protonam (dative singular)
protoniem (dative plural)
protonu (accusative singular)
protonus (accusative plural)
protonu (instrumental singular)
protoniem (instrumental plural)
protonā (locative singular)
protonos (locative plural)
proton (singular vocative)
protoni (plural vocative)

protons un neitrons

protona masa

charged particle
charged particle#English

(physics) proton (positively charged particle in the atomic nucleus)


tonna

tonna (nominative singular)
tonnas (nominative plural)
tonnas (genitive singular)
tonnu (genitive plural)
tonnai (dative singular)
tonnām (dative plural)
tonnu (accusative singular)
tonnas (accusative plural)
tonnu (instrumental singular)
tonnām (instrumental plural)
tonnā (locative singular)
tonnās (locative plural)
tonna (singular vocative)
tonnas (plural vocative)


Maija

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in 1506. From Marija (“Mary”).


sāls

sāls f or m (6th or 2nd declension, irregular nominative, genitive)

sāls (nominative singular)
sālis (nominative plural)
sāls (genitive singular)
sāļu (genitive plural)
sālij (dative singular)
sālīm (dative plural)
sāli (accusative singular)
sālis (accusative plural)
sāli (instrumental singular)
sālīm (instrumental plural)
sālī (locative singular)
sālīs (locative plural)
sāls (singular vocative)
sālis (plural vocative)
sāls (nominative singular)
sāļi (nominative plural)
sāļa (genitive singular)
sāļu (genitive plural)
sālim (dative singular)
sāļiem (dative plural)
sāli (accusative singular)
sāļus (accusative plural)
sāli (instrumental singular)
sāļiem (instrumental plural)
sālī (locative singular)
sāļos (locative plural)
sāli (singular vocative)
sāļi (plural vocative)

From Proto-Baltic *sal-, *sāl-, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *sāˀlis, from Proto-Indo-European *sal-, *seh₂l- (“salt, sea salt”), perhaps related to the homophonous stem *sal- (“grayish, impure gray”).
In Latvian, both an i-stem (*salis) and an iyo-stem (*saliyos > *saliys > *salis) were formed, yielding present-day sāls, feminine, genitive sāls, and sāls, masculine, genitive sāļa. Cognates include Lithuanian sólymas (“salt water, brine”) (< *solis), Old Prussian sal, Old Church Slavonic соль (solĭ), Russian соль (solʹ), Ukrainian сіль (silʹ), genitive соли (soly), Bulgarian сол (sol), Czech sůl, Polish sól, Proto-Germanic *saltą (Gothic 𐍃𐌰𐌻𐍄 (salt), Old High German salz, German Salz, English salt), Old Irish salann, Ancient Greek ἅλς (háls), genitive ἁλός (halós), Latin sāl, genitive sālis, Sanskrit सलिल (salilá, “salty”).

cog

vārāmais sāls

ēdieniem par maz sāls

salt (white crystalline substance — sodium chloride or NaCl — used for seasoning food)

fosforskābes sāls

sērskābes saļi jeb sulfāti

sulfuric acid salts, also known as sulphates

chemical reaction
chemical reaction#English

(chemistry) salt (result of a chemical reaction between an acid and a base)


metafora

metafora (nominative singular)
metaforas (nominative plural)
metaforas (genitive singular)
metaforu (genitive plural)
metaforai (dative singular)
metaforām (dative plural)
metaforu (accusative singular)
metaforas (accusative plural)
metaforu (instrumental singular)
metaforām (instrumental plural)
metaforā (locative singular)
metaforās (locative plural)
metafora (singular vocative)
metaforas (plural vocative)


buča

buča (nominative singular)
bučas (nominative plural)
bučas (genitive singular)
buču (genitive plural)
bučai (dative singular)
bučām (dative plural)
buču (accusative singular)
bučas (accusative plural)
buču (instrumental singular)
bučām (instrumental plural)
bučā (locative singular)
bučās (locative plural)
buča (singular vocative)
bučas (plural vocative)

From Proto-Baltic *bu- (with an extra onomatopoeic č(a), suggesting the sound of kissing), from Proto-Indo-European *bu- (“lip”). Some researchers suggest borrowing from Germanic; the majority opinion is that this word was not borrowed. Cognates include Lithuanian bùčius, bučinỹs, Belarusian бу́ся (búsja), Bulgarian бу́зя (búzja, “cheek”), Polish buzia (“mouth; face; kiss”), Ukrainian бу́зя (búzja, “mouth”), Middle Low German bützen, German bussen (“to kiss”) (dialectal pussen), Swedish puss (“kiss”), Irish bus (“lip”), Albanian buzë (“lip”), Latin bucca (“mouth”).

viņš deva tai sirsnīgu buču

kad meita buču saņēmusi, tad viņa iesaucas: “tu pagāns!” un dara tā, it kā tā lūpas gribētu noslaucīt

when the girl received the kiss, she exclaimed: “you heathen!” and did as if she wanted to wipe her lips clean

(colloquial) kiss (a touch with the lips, to express love, friendship, respect, devotion)


frekvence

frekvence (nominative singular)
frekvences (nominative plural)
frekvences (genitive singular)
frekvenču (genitive plural)
frekvencei (dative singular)
frekvencēm (dative plural)
frekvenci (accusative singular)
frekvences (accusative plural)
frekvenci (instrumental singular)
frekvencēm (instrumental plural)
frekvencē (locative singular)
frekvencēs (locative plural)
frekvence (singular vocative)
frekvences (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Latin frequentia (“frequency”), probably via German (compare Frequenz, with qu = [kv]).

zema frekvence

svārstību frekvence

augstas frekvences vibrācijas

Pieaugušam cilvēkam normāla pulsa frekvence ir ap 70 sitienu minūtē.

An adult person's normal pulse rate is about 70 beats per minute.

(physics) frequency, rate (number of repetitions of a periodic phenomenon)


puds

puds (nominative singular)
pudi (nominative plural)
puda (genitive singular)
pudu (genitive plural)
pudam (dative singular)
pudiem (dative plural)
pudu (accusative singular)
pudus (accusative plural)
pudu (instrumental singular)
pudiem (instrumental plural)
pudā (locative singular)
pudos (locative plural)
pud (singular vocative)
pudi (plural vocative)

(historical) pood (Russian unit of mass)


kalifs

kalifs (nominative singular)
kalifi (nominative plural)
kalifa (genitive singular)
kalifu (genitive plural)
kalifam (dative singular)
kalifiem (dative plural)
kalifu (accusative singular)
kalifus (accusative plural)
kalifu (instrumental singular)
kalifiem (instrumental plural)
kalifā (locative singular)
kalifos (locative plural)
kalifs (singular vocative)
kalifi (plural vocative)


nafta

nafta (nominative singular)
naftas (nominative plural)
naftas (genitive singular)
naftu (genitive plural)
naftai (dative singular)
naftām (dative plural)
naftu (accusative singular)
naftas (accusative plural)
naftu (instrumental singular)
naftām (instrumental plural)
naftā (locative singular)
naftās (locative plural)
nafta (singular vocative)
naftas (plural vocative)

From Latin naphtha, from Ancient Greek νάφθα (náphtha).

petroleum, oil (naturally occurring liquid petroleum)


arums

arums (nominative singular)
arumi (nominative plural)
aruma (genitive singular)
arumu (genitive plural)
arumam (dative singular)
arumiem (dative plural)
arumu (accusative singular)
arumus (accusative plural)
arumu (instrumental singular)
arumiem (instrumental plural)
arumā (locative singular)
arumos (locative plural)
arum (singular vocative)
arumi (plural vocative)

staigāt, brist pa arumiem

noecēt arumus

klons krogā stipri bedrains un nelīdzens, gandrīz kā arumi

the earthen floor in the tavern was very bumpy, uneven, almost like plowed earth

(chiefly in the plural) plowed soil, plowed area, tillage; the layer of soil that is overturned by plowing


Ivo

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in 1962. Shortened from Ivars, also cognate to English Ivo, with ultimately the same Germanic meaning "yew, bow (of yew)".


grupa

grupa (nominative singular)
grupas (nominative plural)
grupas (genitive singular)
grupu (genitive plural)
grupai (dative singular)
grupām (dative plural)
grupu (accusative singular)
grupas (accusative plural)
grupu (instrumental singular)
grupām (instrumental plural)
grupā (locative singular)
grupās (locative plural)
grupa (singular vocative)
grupas (plural vocative)


augšāmcelšanās

augšāmcelšanās (nominative singular)
augšāmcelšanās (nominative plural)
augšāmcelšanās (genitive singular)
augšāmcelšanos (genitive plural)
augšāmcelšanos (accusative singular)
augšāmcelšanās (accusative plural)

From augšām (“upwards”) + celšanās (“raising oneself”) (with celšanās from celties (“to lift, raise oneself”) + -šanās).

suffix

augšāmcelšanās no miroņiem

kāpēc Jēzus augšāmcelšanās ir svarīga?

mācītājs runāja par augšāmcelšanos un debesu valstību

the pastor talked about resurrection and the kingdom of heaven

(religion, Christianity) resurrection (religious belief in the return of the dead to life)