i

Proposed in 1908 as part of the new Latvian spelling by the scientific commission headed by K. Mīlenbahs, which was accepted and began to be taught in schools in 1909. Prior to that, Latvian had been written in German Fraktur, and sporadically in Cyrillic.

The name of the Latin-script letter I/i.


gans

lv-noun

gans m (1st declension, feminine form: gane)

gane (feminine)
gans (nominative singular)
gani (nominative plural)
ganu (accusative singular)
ganus (accusative plural)
gana (genitive singular)
ganu (genitive plural)
ganam (dative singular)
ganiem (dative plural)
ganu (instrumental singular)
ganiem (instrumental plural)
ganā (locative singular)
ganos (locative plural)
gan (singular vocative)
gani (plural vocative)


pants

pants (nominative singular)
panti (nominative plural)
pantu (accusative singular)
pantus (accusative plural)
panta (genitive singular)
pantu (genitive plural)
pantam (dative singular)
pantiem (dative plural)
pantu (instrumental singular)
pantiem (instrumental plural)
pantā (locative singular)
pantos (locative plural)
pant (singular vocative)
panti (plural vocative)

(law) paragraph, article, clause (section of legal document)


delta

delta (nominative singular)
deltas (nominative plural)
deltu (accusative singular)
deltas (accusative plural)
deltas (genitive singular)
deltu (genitive plural)
deltai (dative singular)
deltām (dative plural)
deltu (instrumental singular)
deltām (instrumental plural)
deltā (locative singular)
deltās (locative plural)
delta (singular vocative)
deltas (plural vocative)


ola

ola (nominative singular)
olas (nominative plural)
olu (accusative singular)
olas (accusative plural)
olas (genitive singular)
olu (genitive plural)
olai (dative singular)
olām (dative plural)
olu (instrumental singular)
olām (instrumental plural)
olā (locative singular)
olās (locative plural)
ola (singular vocative)
olas (plural vocative)

From a previous Proto-Baltic neuter noun *wuolan, from Proto-Baltic *wuol-, from Proto-Indo-European *wēl-, *wōl-, the lengthened grade of the stem *wel- (“to turn, to roll, to wind”), whence also velt (“to roll, to trundle”). The original meaning was therefore “something that turns, rolls”, still visible in the dialectal verb olāt (“to roll, to trundle”), and in the standard Latvian term olis (“round pebble”), dialectally also ola. It is possible that Proto-Indo-European *h₂ōwyóm (“egg”), which would have become *wowan in Proto-Baltic, may have influenced the development of *wuolan into ola. A synonym term pauts was used alongside ola until the beginning of the 20th century, when ola became dominant and replaced it. Cognates include Lithuanian uolà (“cliff, rock”).

vistu olas

zivju olas

olas čaumala

olas baltums, dzeltenums

dēt olas

rāpuļu olas pēc savas uzbūves atgādina putnu olas

reptile eggs, by their structure, are similar to bird eggs

olas vidū ir liels, barības vielām bagāts dzeltenums, kuram apkārt ir olbaltuma slānis

in the middle of the egg there is a big yolk rich in nutrients, surrounded by a protein layer

zivis vairojas ar olām jeb ikriem

the fish reproduce with eggs, also called “ikri”

odu mātītes olas dēj uz ūdens virsmas

female mosquitoes lay eggs on water surfaces

egg (reproductive cell, wrapped in a shell, where the embryo of certain animal species develops)

cieti, mīksti vārīta ola

cieta, mīksta ola

nolobīt olu

jēla ola

raw egg (also: unexperienced, naive person)

cepta ola

pildīta ola

olu kultenis

izdzert olu

to drink an egg (= to suck the liquid through a hole on the eggshell)

Lieldienu ola

Easter egg (painted egg, part of the celebration of Easter)

mums, kā vistu neturēja, tā olu pašiem nebija

since we didn't keep hens, we didn't have eggs

egg (said reproductive cell, usually from birds, used as food)


maize

maize (nominative singular)
maizes (nominative plural)
maizi (accusative singular)
maizes (accusative plural)
maizes (genitive singular)
maižu (genitive plural)
maizei (dative singular)
maizēm (dative plural)
maizi (instrumental singular)
maizēm (instrumental plural)
maizē (locative singular)
maizēs (locative plural)
maize (singular vocative)
maizes (plural vocative)

From Proto-Baltic *maiž-, an ablaut variant of *miež- (whence Latvian mieži (“barley”)), from Proto-Indo-European *meyǵ-, probably from the stem *h₂meh₁- (“to cut; to mow”) modified into *mey-, and with an added element *ǵ (whence Proto-Baltic *ž, whence Latvian z). Cognates include Old Prussian mayse (“barley”) (misspelled as wayse in the 16th-century source), Old Iranian *maiz- "to sow".

mīcīt maizi

maize rūgst


Ezra

Ezra (nominative singular)
Ezras (nominative plural)
Ezru (accusative singular)
Ezras (accusative plural)
Ezras (genitive singular)
Ezru (genitive plural)
Ezrai (dative singular)
Ezrām (dative plural)
Ezru (instrumental singular)
Ezrām (instrumental plural)
Ezrā (locative singular)
Ezrās (locative plural)
Ezra (singular vocative)
Ezras (plural vocative)


kija

kija (nominative singular)
kijas (nominative plural)
kiju (accusative singular)
kijas (accusative plural)
kijas (genitive singular)
kiju (genitive plural)
kijai (dative singular)
kijām (dative plural)
kiju (instrumental singular)
kijām (instrumental plural)
kijā (locative singular)
kijās (locative plural)
kija (singular vocative)
kijas (plural vocative)

zāles galā atrodu biljarda galdu un ņemu rokā kiju

at the end of the room I find the billiard table and I take the cue in my hand(s)

pusdienas pārtraukumā viens otrs... pacilāja novusa kiju

during the lunch break... one or the other lifted the novuss cue

(sports, billiards, snooker) cue (long stick with a pointy end used in certain games, especially pool or billiards)


ala

ala (nominative singular)
alas (nominative plural)
alu (accusative singular)
alas (accusative plural)
alas (genitive singular)
alu (genitive plural)
alai (dative singular)
alām (dative plural)
alu (instrumental singular)
alām (instrumental plural)
alā (locative singular)
alās (locative plural)
ala (singular vocative)
alas (plural vocative)

The usual theory considers ala to be borrowed from Middle Low German hol (“depth, hole, cave”), from Old Saxon hol, or maybe from the same form in Middle Dutch or German Low German (East Frisian); cf. German Höhle (“cave”), all from Proto-West Germanic *hol.
A different view suggests that ala could also be a reflex of an old Proto-Indo-European stem *h₁el-, *ol-, *al- (“to flow, to drain”) with various Baltic reflexes: dialectal alots, alogs, standard avots (“(water) source”), alksna, aluksna (“miry, swampy place”) (cf. place names like Alūksne, Alūkstes), Lithuanian alė́ti (“to flow, to drip”). The original meaning of ala would thus have been “(water) source”, from which “place (e.g., cave, rift, pit) from which water springs,” and finally simply “cave,” possibly under the influence of the aforementioned Germanic words.

bor

klinšu alas

pazemes ala

alu labirinti

alu cilvēks

alu zīmējumi

Abhāzijā atrodas ala, kuras labirinti ir vairāk nekā trīs kilometrus gari

in Abkhazia there is a cave with labyrinths longer than three kilometers

cave (space or cavity formed underground, especially between rocks, or in the face of a cliff or hillside)


bole

bole (nominative singular)
boles (nominative plural)
boli (accusative singular)
boles (accusative plural)
boles (genitive singular)
boļu (genitive plural)
bolei (dative singular)
bolēm (dative plural)
boli (instrumental singular)
bolēm (instrumental plural)
bolē (locative singular)
bolēs (locative plural)
bole (singular vocative)
boles (plural vocative)

From English bowl, probably via German Bowle. Alternative historical forms: bols. First attested use to mean a bowl for making punch – 1880. First attested use to refer to the beverage itself – 1886.

zemeņu bole – strawberry punch

boles trauks – punch bowl

punch (drink made of wine, diluted with juices, syrups and fruit, often with added cognac or rhum)


pica

pica (nominative singular)
picas (nominative plural)
picu (accusative singular)
picas (accusative plural)
picas (genitive singular)
picu (genitive plural)
picai (dative singular)
picām (dative plural)
picu (instrumental singular)
picām (instrumental plural)
picā (locative singular)
picās (locative plural)
pica (singular vocative)
picas (plural vocative)


svastika

svastika (nominative singular)
svastikas (nominative plural)
svastiku (accusative singular)
svastikas (accusative plural)
svastikas (genitive singular)
svastiku (genitive plural)
svastikai (dative singular)
svastikām (dative plural)
svastiku (instrumental singular)
svastikām (instrumental plural)
svastikā (locative singular)
svastikās (locative plural)
svastika (singular vocative)
svastikas (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Sanskrit स्वस्तिक (svastika).

swastika (old religious symbol, later co-opted by the German Nazi party)


orientēšanās sports

orientēšanās sports (nominative singular)
orientēšanās sportu (accusative singular)
orientēšanās sporta (genitive singular)
orientēšanās sportam (dative singular)
orientēšanās sportu (instrumental singular)
orientēšanās sportā (locative singular)
orientēšanās sport (singular vocative)

orienteering (racing through unfamiliar countryside with map and compass)


cars

lv-noun

cars m (1st declension, feminine form: cariene)

cariene (feminine)
cars (nominative singular)
cari (nominative plural)
caru (accusative singular)
carus (accusative plural)
cara (genitive singular)
caru (genitive plural)
caram (dative singular)
cariem (dative plural)
caru (instrumental singular)
cariem (instrumental plural)
carā (locative singular)
caros (locative plural)
car (singular vocative)
cari (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Russian царь (carʹ, “tsar”), itself a borrowing, ultimately from Latin Caesar; cf. the parallel form ķeizars (“emperor”).

cars Pēteris Lielais

cara valdība, monarhija

cara galms

cara tronis

cara laikā

tsar (male monarch of the Russian empire (especially before 1721); his title)


administrators

administrators m (1st declension, feminine form: administratore)

administratore (feminine)
administrators (nominative singular)
administratori (nominative plural)
administratoru (accusative singular)
administratorus (accusative plural)
administratora (genitive singular)
administratoru (genitive plural)
administratoram (dative singular)
administratoriem (dative plural)
administratoru (instrumental singular)
administratoriem (instrumental plural)
administratorā (locative singular)
administratoros (locative plural)
administrator (singular vocative)
administratori (plural vocative)

Via other European languages, ultimately borrowed from Latin administrātor, a nominalized form of the verb administrō (“to attend upon, to assist”), i.e. “he who assists, attends upon.”

teātra administrators

cirka administrators

administratora talants

atcerējos, ka vienai manai institūta biedrenei ir pazīstams filharmonijas administrators

I remembered that one of my female colleagues at the Institute knows the manager of the philharmonic

(male) administrator, manager (male official who performs certain tasks pertaining to the organization and functioning of an institution)


austere

austere (nominative singular)
austeres (nominative plural)
austeri (accusative singular)
austeres (accusative plural)
austeres (genitive singular)
austeru (genitive plural)
austerei (dative singular)
austerēm (dative plural)
austeri (instrumental singular)
austerēm (instrumental plural)
austerē (locative singular)
austerēs (locative plural)
austere (singular vocative)
austeres (plural vocative)

Perhaps related to Ancient Greek ὄστρεον (óstreon).

austeru zveja

rīt austeres

austeru lasītāji un lasītājas tur brida kailām kājām

male and female oyster collectors were wading there (= in shallow water) barefoot

oyster (certain edible bivalve mollusks of the order Ostreida)


java

java (nominative singular)
javas (nominative plural)
javu (accusative singular)
javas (accusative plural)
javas (genitive singular)
javu (genitive plural)
javai (dative singular)
javām (dative plural)
javu (instrumental singular)
javām (instrumental plural)
javā (locative singular)
javās (locative plural)
java (singular vocative)
javas (plural vocative)

(construction) mortar (building material)


alus

alus (nominative singular)
alu (accusative singular)
alus (genitive singular)
alum (dative singular)
alu (instrumental singular)
alū (locative singular)
alus (singular vocative)

From Proto-Baltic *álu, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂elut- (“bitter”). A minority view considers the Latvian and Lithuanian terms to be ultimately borrowings from Germanic, via Old Prussian. Cognates include Lithuanian alùs, Old Prussian alu (“honey drink”), Old East Slavic олъ (olŭ, “strong drink”), Bulgarian олови́на (olovína, “beer yeast”), Slovene ôl (“beer”)|ol, Old English ealu, alu, English ale, Old Norse ǫl (“beer; feast”), Ancient Greek ἀλύδοιμος (alúdoimos, “bitter”).

cog

gaišais alus

tumšais alus

mājas alus

amatnieku alus

medalus

alus muca

alus kauss

alus darītava

brewery (literally, “beer making place”)

alus rūpniecība

darīt, vārīt alu

to make (literally, “to do”), to brew (literally, “to boil”) beer

Jāņiem tika brūvēts alus, un nu staigāja no mutes uz muti liela, zaļa māla krūze, putām pārsegta, rūgteni smaržīga dzēriena pilna

in midsummer beer was brewed, and then a big, green clay jug went from mouth to mouth, covered with foam and full of (that) bitter, aromatic drink

beer (alcoholic beverage usually made with barley malt and hops)


desa

desa (nominative singular)
desas (nominative plural)
desu (accusative singular)
desas (accusative plural)
desas (genitive singular)
desu (genitive plural)
desai (dative singular)
desām (dative plural)
desu (instrumental singular)
desām (instrumental plural)
desā (locative singular)
desās (locative plural)
desa (singular vocative)
desas (plural vocative)

From Proto-Baltic *deš-, from Proto-Indo-European *deḱ- (“to cut, to sever, to split into fibers”). A minority opinion derives desa from a different stem *deḱ- (“to remove, to take out”). Cognates include Lithuanian dešrà, dialectal dešerà, Gothic 𐍄𐌰𐌲𐌻 (tagl, “hair”), Old Norse tagl (“horsehair”), Old High German zagal (“tail, rod”), Old English tægl (“tail”), English tail, Sanskrit देशा (deśā, “fringe of cloth; lamp wick”).

cog

cūkgaļas desa

aknu desa

žāvētās desas

desās pārstrādā gaļu un iekšējos orgānus

one processes meat and internal organs into sausages

brālis skubināja, lai pamērcējot desu sinepēs

the brother urged for the sausage to be seasoned in mustard

sausage (meat product made of ground meat and seasonings stuffed into an animal's intestine or some similar cylindrical material)


disks

disks (nominative singular)
diski (nominative plural)
disku (accusative singular)
diskus (accusative plural)
diska (genitive singular)
disku (genitive plural)
diskam (dative singular)
diskiem (dative plural)
disku (instrumental singular)
diskiem (instrumental plural)
diskā (locative singular)
diskos (locative plural)
disk (singular vocative)
diski (plural vocative)

diska mešana


sports

sports (nominative singular)
sportu (accusative singular)
sporta (genitive singular)
sportam (dative singular)
sportu (instrumental singular)
sportā (locative singular)
sport (singular vocative)

Probably via other European languages, ultimately borrowed from English sport.

sēņošana viņam ir sports


lode

lode (nominative singular)
lodes (nominative plural)
lodi (accusative singular)
lodes (accusative plural)
lodes (genitive singular)
ložu (genitive plural)
lodei (dative singular)
lodēm (dative plural)
lodi (instrumental singular)
lodēm (instrumental plural)
lodē (locative singular)
lodēs (locative plural)
lode (singular vocative)
lodes (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Middle Low German lode (“piece of lead (used as weight), plummet”), or perhaps from an East Frisian word (compare Saterland Frisian Lood) or Middle Dutch lood, which all had the same meaning (compare German Lot (“plummet, solder”)), itself a borrowing from Celtic (originally meaning “easily melting metal”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *plewd- (“to flow”), whence also Latvian plūst (“to stream, to flow”). This borrowing is first attested in 17th-century dictionaries.

bor

zemes lode, zemeslode

koka, dzelzs lode

grūst lodi

object with spherical form; (sports) ball


Marta

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in 1591. Cognate to English Martha.


deja

deja (nominative singular)
dejas (nominative plural)
deju (accusative singular)
dejas (accusative plural)
dejas (genitive singular)
deju (genitive plural)
dejai (dative singular)
dejām (dative plural)
deju (instrumental singular)
dejām (instrumental plural)
dejā (locative singular)
dejās (locative plural)
deja (singular vocative)
dejas (plural vocative)

Formed from the stem of dejot (“to dance”), by analogy with iet (“to go”) : eja (“(act of) going”).

baletas deja

dejas teorija

dejā varbūt vairāk nekā jebkurā citā mākslas veidā mūs aizrauj meistarība

in dance, perhaps more than in any other form of art, we are captivated by workmanship

neviens, kas pats nedejo, nevar iedomāties, cik dejas māksla ir smags darbs

no one who does not himself dance can imagine how much heavy work the art of dance is

(usually singular) dance (form of art expressed via harmonious, rhythmic body movements)

sena, moderna deja

tautas deja

aicināt uz deju

pēc koncerta bija dejas

aicināt uz dejām klubā

dejas solis

deju stundas

deju vakars

deju konkurss

deju kolektīvs

deju dziesma, mūzika

galvenā deja ir valsis; kas to prot, iemācās ātri citas

the main dance is waltz; he who knows it quickly learns others

dance (a performance of this type of art, for aesthetic pleasure or simple enjoyment)

odu, tauriņu deja

ārā ir tumšs, kauc vējš, pārslas griežas trakā dejā

it is dark outside, the wind is howling, the (snow)flakes turn around in a crazy dance

(figuratively) dance (complex, rhythmic movement of small objects or insects)

atskaņot deju

deju orķestris

visiem komponista deju žanra darbiem ir virtuozs raksturs, tā nav sadzīves, bet koncertmūzika

all of the composer's works in the dance genre have virtuoso traits, it is not everyday (music), it is concert music


papīrs

papīrs (nominative singular)
papīri (nominative plural)
papīru (accusative singular)
papīrus (accusative plural)
papīra (genitive singular)
papīru (genitive plural)
papīram (dative singular)
papīriem (dative plural)
papīru (instrumental singular)
papīriem (instrumental plural)
papīrā (locative singular)
papīros (locative plural)
papīr (singular vocative)
papīri (plural vocative)

ietinamais papīrs

kopēšanas papīrs

zīmēšanas papīrs

balts, krāsains paprīs

vēstuļu papīrs

lakmusa papīrs

tualetes papīrs

papīras salvetes, papīras maiss

gaismas jūtīgs / gaismjūtīgs papīrs

papīra rūpniecība

(chiefly in the singular) paper (material for writing, printing, wrapping)


piens

piens (nominative singular)
pieni (nominative plural)
pienu (accusative singular)
pienus (accusative plural)
piena (genitive singular)
pienu (genitive plural)
pienam (dative singular)
pieniem (dative plural)
pienu (instrumental singular)
pieniem (instrumental plural)
pienā (locative singular)
pienos (locative plural)
pien (singular vocative)
pieni (plural vocative)

From Proto-Baltic *pā́ˀinas, from Proto-Indo-European *peynos, *poyHnos, from the stem *peyh₂- (“to be fat”) (perhaps from earlier “to swell”). The meaning evolved from “fat, swollen” to “(breasts) full of milk” and finally “milk”. There was an old Proto-Baltic verb *pīti (“to give milk”), from which comes dialectal Lithuanian pýti (“to give milk”); the corresponding Latvian term disappeared, perhaps because of homophony with pīt (“to braid, to weave”). Cognates include Lithuanian píenas (“milk”), Sanskrit पयते (páyate, “to swell, to be too full”), पयस् (páyas, “fluid, water, milk, rain”), Avestan 𐬞𐬌𐬞𐬌𐬌𐬏𐬱𐬌- (pipiiūši-, “having milk in her breasts”), Persian پینو (pinu, “buttermilk”), Middle Persian pēm (“milk”), Latin opīmus (“fat, plump; fruitful”).

cog

mātes piens, krūts piens

piena dziedzeri

govs, kazas, ķēves piens

piena ēdieni, produkti

piena kokteilis

piena saldējums

kafija ar pienu

pasterizēts piens

kondensēts piens

milk (nourishing liquid secreted by mammal females)


siers

siers (nominative singular)
sieri (nominative plural)
sieru (accusative singular)
sierus (accusative plural)
siera (genitive singular)
sieru (genitive plural)
sieram (dative singular)
sieriem (dative plural)
sieru (instrumental singular)
sieriem (instrumental plural)
sierā (locative singular)
sieros (locative plural)
sier (singular vocative)
sieri (plural vocative)

From the same stem as the adjective sūrs (“bitter”) (q.v.), from which it is ultimately derived, in the (older) form *sūris or *sūrs, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *sū́ˀras; the original meaning was thus “bitter (one)”.
The vowel was later changed under the influence of the common expression siet sieru “to make (lit. tie, bind) cheese”. Cognates include Lithuanian sū́ris, Old Prussian suris (sūris), sur (sūr), Russian, Belarusian сыр (syr), Ukrainian сир (syr), Bulgarian си́рене (sírene), Czech sýr, Polish ser, Old Norse sýra (“sour milk”), Old High German, Old English sūr, German sauer, English sour.

siera salāti'

siera maizīte

siera radziņi

siera cepumi

siera sviestam patīkama garša un aromāts

cheese butter (has) pleasant taste and aroma

(in the genitive, used adjectivally) cheese; made of cheese; with added cheese


burts

burts (nominative singular)
burti (nominative plural)
burtu (accusative singular)
burtus (accusative plural)
burta (genitive singular)
burtu (genitive plural)
burtam (dative singular)
burtiem (dative plural)
burtu (instrumental singular)
burtiem (instrumental plural)
burtā (locative singular)
burtos (locative plural)
burt (singular vocative)
burti (plural vocative)

Originally the masculine past participle of the verb burt (“to conjure magic”) (q.v.). Just as burt originally meant “to carve (marks, on a tree),” burts was originally “mark(s) carved on a tree.” Cognates include Lithuanian bùrtas (“lot, (pl.) sorcery”).

lielais burts

mazais burts

rakstīts, drukāts burts

latīņu, gotu, grieķu burti

letter (graphic symbol that represents a sound in a language)

metāla, koka burti

burtu garnitūras

burtu liešana

(typography) type, font (typesetting printing unit; syn. burtstabiņš, litera)


Rute

Rute (nominative singular)
Rutes (nominative plural)
Ruti (accusative singular)
Rutes (accusative plural)
Rutes (genitive singular)
Rušu (genitive plural)
Rutei (dative singular)
Rutēm (dative plural)
Ruti (instrumental singular)
Rutēm (instrumental plural)
Rutē (locative singular)
Rutēs (locative plural)
Rute (singular vocative)
Rutes (plural vocative)

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in the end of the 19th century. From Hebrew.


medus

medus (nominative singular)
medu (accusative singular)
medus (genitive singular)
medum (dative singular)
medu (instrumental singular)
medū (locative singular)
medus (singular vocative)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *médu, from Proto-Indo-European *médʰu.

medus vārīšana


stops

stops (nominative singular)
stopi (nominative plural)
stopu (accusative singular)
stopus (accusative plural)
stopa (genitive singular)
stopu (genitive plural)
stopam (dative singular)
stopiem (dative plural)
stopu (instrumental singular)
stopiem (instrumental plural)
stopā (locative singular)
stopos (locative plural)
stop (singular vocative)
stopi (plural vocative)

From the same stem as the verb stiept (“to stretch, to pull”) (q.v.); the original meaning was probably “(something) stretched,” “(something) made tight by stretching.”

stopu gatavošana prasīja daudz darba un pacietības

the making of a crossbow demanded much work and patience

Griģis veikli rīkojās ar stopu, un viņa bultas droši skrēja mērķim pretī

Griģis quickly acted with (his) crossbow, and his arrows surely flew toward the goal

crossbow (an old mechanical weapon based on the bow and arrows, used to shoot bolts)


nazis

nazis (nominative singular)
naži (nominative plural)
nazi (accusative singular)
nažus (accusative plural)
naža (genitive singular)
nažu (genitive plural)
nazim (dative singular)
nažiem (dative plural)
nazi (instrumental singular)
nažiem (instrumental plural)
nazī (locative singular)
nažos (locative plural)
nazi (singular vocative)
naži (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Old East Slavic ножь (nožĭ, “knife”) (compare Russian нож (nož)). The word probably entered the language in the 13th century, and is attested in its modern form in dictionaries from the 17th century on.

bor+

ass, truls nazis

asināt nazi

akmens nazis

kabatas nazis

virtuves nazis

bārdas nazis

griezt ar nazi

knife (utensil or tool with a blade and a handle, designed for cutting)


betons

betons (nominative singular)
betoni (nominative plural)
betonu (accusative singular)
betonus (accusative plural)
betona (genitive singular)
betonu (genitive plural)
betonam (dative singular)
betoniem (dative plural)
betonu (instrumental singular)
betoniem (instrumental plural)
betonā (locative singular)
betonos (locative plural)
beton (singular vocative)
betoni (plural vocative)

(construction) concrete (building material)


karš

karš (nominative singular)
kari (nominative plural)
karu (accusative singular)
karus (accusative plural)
kara (genitive singular)
karu (genitive plural)
karam (dative singular)
kariem (dative plural)
karu (instrumental singular)
kariem (instrumental plural)
karā (locative singular)
karos (locative plural)
karš (singular vocative)
kari (plural vocative)

From Proto-Baltic *karyas, from Proto-Indo-European *koryos, from *ker-. Cognates include Lithuanian kãras, dialectal kãrias, Old Prussian kargis ([karjis], “troops, army”) (misspelled as kragis in the 16th-century text), karyago (“travels”) (i.e., “war path”), Middle Irish cuire (“army; troops”), Gothic 𐌷𐌰𐍂𐌾𐌹𐍃 (harjis), Old Norse herr, German Heer (“army”), Ancient Greek κοίρανος (koíranos, “leader, commander”) (< *koiros < *koryos).

cog

Pirmais pasaules karš

Otrais pasaules karš

aizstāvēšanās, uzbrukuma karš

agresīvs karš

taisnīgs karš

koloniālais karš

pilsoņu karš

nacionālās atbrīvošanās karš

partizānu karš

izsīkuma karš

krusta karš

karš pret iebrucējiem

ķīmiskais karš

bioloģiskais karš

bakterioloģiskais karš

kodoltermiskais karš

kara kurinātāji, kūrēji

izcēlās karš

kara sākums

pieteikt karu

uzvarēt karu, karā

zaudēt karu, karā

izbeigt karu

doties karā

atgriezties no kara

karš ir tās politikas turpinājums ar varmācības līdzekļiem, kuru piekopa karojošo lielvalstu valdošās šķiras jau ilgi pirms kara

war is the continuation, by means of violence, of policies which were practiced by the ruling classes of the warring countries long before the war

war (organized armed conflict between two or more countries, peoples, ethnic or social groups)

kara bēgli

kara veterāns

kara invalīds

kara stāvoklis

kara darbība

kara gājiens, karagājiens

kara lauks, karalauks

kara gūsteknis

kara noziedznieks

(in the genitive, used adjectivally) war; relating to war

jūras kara flote

kara rūpnīca

kara medicīnas dienests

kara hospitāls, ārsts

kara lidmašīna

kara dienests, karadienests

kara apgabals

kara skola, karaskola

kara akadēmija

kara zinātne

kara māksla, karamāksla

kara noslēpums

kara tribunāls

kara tiesa

kara bāze, osta

kara mūzika

kara klausība, karaklausība

kara kungs

military service
military service#English

(in the genitive, used adjectivally) war, military (relating to the armed forces or to military service)

aukstais karš

ideoloģiskais karš

ekonomiskais karš

jāpiesaka bargs karš pret māņticībām

it is necessary to declare harsh war against superstitions

(figuratively) war (serious conflict, struggle, fight, clash between enemies)

vārdu karš

aizmirsušies nemitīgie mājas kari par jaunām kleitām

they (had) forgotten the persistent domestic wars about new dresses

(figuratively) war (disagreement, dispute, quarrel)


sviests

sviests (nominative singular)
sviesti (nominative plural)
sviestu (accusative singular)
sviestus (accusative plural)
sviesta (genitive singular)
sviestu (genitive plural)
sviestam (dative singular)
sviestiem (dative plural)
sviestu (instrumental singular)
sviestiem (instrumental plural)
sviestā (locative singular)
sviestos (locative plural)
sviest (singular vocative)
sviesti (plural vocative)

Originally the (adjectival) past passive participle of an old verb *sviest (“to smear, to spread”) (cf. Lithuanian svíesti); the original meaning of sviests was thus “(something) smeared (on something else), (something) used for smearing”; cf. Russian ма́сло (máslo, “butter, oil”) and ма́зать (mázatʹ, “to smear, spread (oil)”), or Latin unguen (“fat, grease”) and unguō (“to smear, to anoint”). The verb *sviest would in turn come from *sviesti, from Proto-Baltic *swied-ti, from Proto-Indo-European *sweyd- (“to shine”) (whence also Latvian svīst (“to sweat; to steam; to dawn”) q.v.); its original meaning would have been “to make something shine” > “to smear with oil, so that it shines” > “to smear” (cf. its descendant svaidīt (“to anoint”), originally the iterative form of *sviest). Cognates include Lithuanian svíestas.
Alternatively, Pokorny considers this word and Lithuanian svíesti from Proto-Indo-European *ksweyd- (“milk”) (cf. Middle Indo-Aryan क्ष्विर (kṣvira), Avestan 𐬑𐬱𐬎𐬎𐬍𐬛 (xšuuīd)).

cog

krējuma sviests

skābkrējuma sviests

sūkalu sviests

svaigs sviests

nesalīts sviests

kausēts sviests

sviesta trauks

sautēt saknes sviestā

sviesta rūpniecība

kult sviestu

gaiteņa pustumsā viņai skrēja pretī sviestā ceptu pankūku smarža

in the darkness of the corridor the smell of pancakes fried in butter came (lit. ran) to her

butter (a dairy product, obtained from cream, with a high fat concentration)

sviesta cepumi

sviesta mīklu gatavo no sviesta, cukura, kviešu miltiem, nedaudz pievienojot olas

butter dough is made from butter, sugar, (and) wheat flour, adding a little egg (= one or two eggs)

(in the genitive, used adjectivally) butter; containing butter, made with butter

butter, spread (any food paste generally used as spread)


sviests

sviests (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
sviesti (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
sviesta (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
sviestas (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
sviestu (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
sviestus (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
sviestu (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
sviestas (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
sviesta (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
sviestu (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
sviestas (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
sviestu (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
sviestam (dative indefinite masculine singular)
sviestiem (dative indefinite masculine plural)
sviestai (dative feminine indefinite singular)
sviestām (dative feminine indefinite plural)
sviestu (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
sviestiem (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
sviestu (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
sviestām (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
sviestā (indefinite locative masculine singular)
sviestos (indefinite locative masculine plural)
sviestā (feminine indefinite locative singular)
sviestās (feminine indefinite locative plural)

thrown, flung, slung; indefinite past passive participle of sviest


pilots

lv-noun

pilots m (1st declension, feminine form: pilote)

pilote (feminine)
pilots (nominative singular)
piloti (nominative plural)
pilotu (accusative singular)
pilotus (accusative plural)
pilota (genitive singular)
pilotu (genitive plural)
pilotam (dative singular)
pilotiem (dative plural)
pilotu (instrumental singular)
pilotiem (instrumental plural)
pilotā (locative singular)
pilotos (locative plural)
pilot (singular vocative)
piloti (plural vocative)


cements

cements (nominative singular)
cementi (nominative plural)
cementu (accusative singular)
cementus (accusative plural)
cementa (genitive singular)
cementu (genitive plural)
cementam (dative singular)
cementiem (dative plural)
cementu (instrumental singular)
cementiem (instrumental plural)
cementā (locative singular)
cementos (locative plural)
cement (singular vocative)
cementi (plural vocative)


gane

gane f (5th declension, masculine form: gans)

gans (masculine)
gane (nominative singular)
ganes (nominative plural)
gani (accusative singular)
ganes (accusative plural)
ganes (genitive singular)
gaņu (genitive plural)
ganei (dative singular)
ganēm (dative plural)
gani (instrumental singular)
ganēm (instrumental plural)
ganē (locative singular)
ganēs (locative plural)
gane (singular vocative)
ganes (plural vocative)


humors

humors (nominative singular)
humoru (accusative singular)
humora (genitive singular)
humoram (dative singular)
humoru (instrumental singular)
humorā (locative singular)
humor (singular vocative)

Via other European languages, ultimately borrowed from Latin umor (“moisture”), from the ancient theory that the moods and dispositions of the human psyche were related to bodily fluids.

labsirdīgs humors

humora dzirksts

humora izjūta

cilvēks ar humora izjūtu

viņa balsī jūtama humora pieskaņa

in his voice one can feel a touch of humor

zvejas vīru humoru netraucē ne vētra, ne arī nemīlīgs laiks

neither storms nor inclement weather can disturb the humor of fishermen

viņš visu prot pateikt ar humoru, un mēs smejamies

he knows how to say everything with humor, and we laugh

humor (good-natured, playful attitude; the capacity to recognize and understand what is funny or comical)


pase

pase (nominative singular)
pases (nominative plural)
pasi (accusative singular)
pases (accusative plural)
pases (genitive singular)
pasu (genitive plural)
pasei (dative singular)
pasēm (dative plural)
pasi (instrumental singular)
pasēm (instrumental plural)
pasē (locative singular)
pasēs (locative plural)
pase (singular vocative)
pases (plural vocative)


humorists

humorists m (1st declension, feminine form: humoriste)

humoriste (feminine)
humorists (nominative singular)
humoristi (nominative plural)
humoristu (accusative singular)
humoristus (accusative plural)
humorista (genitive singular)
humoristu (genitive plural)
humoristam (dative singular)
humoristiem (dative plural)
humoristu (instrumental singular)
humoristiem (instrumental plural)
humoristā (locative singular)
humoristos (locative plural)
humorist (singular vocative)
humoristi (plural vocative)

From humors (“humor”) + -ists. Probably not formed as such in Latvian, but borrowed and adapted from other European languages.

humorista asais skatiens atrod visapslēptākās cilvēka vājības, pamana simtiem to izpausmes veidu un variantu

a humorist/comedian's sharp look finds the innermost human weaknesses and sees hundreds of forms and variations of their expression

humorist, comedian (a (male) artist who portrays the world in a comic, humorous way)


zobens

zobens (nominative singular)
zobeni (nominative plural)
zobenu (accusative singular)
zobenus (accusative plural)
zobena (genitive singular)
zobenu (genitive plural)
zobenam (dative singular)
zobeniem (dative plural)
zobenu (instrumental singular)
zobeniem (instrumental plural)
zobenā (locative singular)
zobenos (locative plural)
zoben (singular vocative)
zobeni (plural vocative)

From zobs (“tooth; sharpness, blade”) + -ens; the original meaning was “piercing instrument with sharp edge, blade.”

ass zobens

smags zobens

līks zobens

zobena spals

zobena maksts

Damaskas tērauda zobens

izvilkt zobenu

vicināt zobenu

paukošanas ar zobeniem

(weaponry) sword (long-bladed weapon with a handle, for stabbing, cutting or slashing)


cūka

cūka (nominative singular)
cūkas (nominative plural)
cūku (accusative singular)
cūkas (accusative plural)
cūkas (genitive singular)
cūku (genitive plural)
cūkai (dative singular)
cūkām (dative plural)
cūku (instrumental singular)
cūkām (instrumental plural)
cūkā (locative singular)
cūkās (locative plural)
cūka (singular vocative)
cūkas (plural vocative)

From Proto-Baltic *kyaw-, *kyū-, from a palatalized version (perhaps by onomatopoeia, by imitating this animal's sound) of Proto-Indo-European *kew-, *kū- (“to howl, to shout; cf. kaukt “to howl””). A parallel, non-palatalized version is probably reflected in placenames like Kūkas, perhaps originally a region with many wild boars. An even further palatalized version (where *ky > *ḱ > *š > Latvian s) may have given rise to placenames like Sauka, or, with a different suffix, to placenames in -saule like Jaunsaule, perhaps even to Lithuanian Šiauliaĩ. A different (minoritary) theory derives čūka from an earlier *sūka, borrowed from Slavic (cf. Russian су́ка (súka)); another (minoritary) viewpoint connects cūka to imitative words used to call pigs, like Russian чух (čux)!, чух-чух (čux-čux)!, Belarusian, Ukrainian ацю! (acju!), Polish a ciu!, Latvian čuk-čuk!, Lithuanian čiùk-čiùk!, čiū́k-čiū́k! Cognates include Lithuanian dialectal čiūkà, kūkà, also čiūkùtis, kūkùtis (“piglet”), Russian dialectal чу́ха (čúxa), чухна́ (čuxná, “pig”).

mājas cūka

vaislas cūka

meža cūka

cūka kviec, rukšķ

cūku kūts, aizgalds

cūku šķirnes

cūku tauki

nobarot cūku

kaut cūku

cūkas gaļa, cūkgaļa

cūka viņu sagaidīja sīkiem rukšķiem

Sus scrofa domesticus
Wikispecies:Sus scrofa domesticus

viņu nosauca pazīstamu cilvēku klātbūtnē par cūku

he was called a pig in the presence of people he knew

(figuratively) pig (a dirty, unhygienic person; also, a villainous man; colloquially also an unattractive female)

“cūkas” jeb “duraki” ir kāršu spēle, kuras mērķis ir atbrīvoties no rokās esošajām kārtīm

“pigs,” or “fools,” is a card game whose objective it is to get rid of all the cards in one's hands

(only plural) the name of a certain card game


tilts

tilts (nominative singular)
tilti (nominative plural)
tiltu (accusative singular)
tiltus (accusative plural)
tilta (genitive singular)
tiltu (genitive plural)
tiltam (dative singular)
tiltiem (dative plural)
tiltu (instrumental singular)
tiltiem (instrumental plural)
tiltā (locative singular)
tiltos (locative plural)
tilt (singular vocative)
tilti (plural vocative)

Originally the past participle of an earlier verb *telt, parallel form *tilt, from Proto-Baltic *tel-, *til-, from Proto-Indo-European *tel-, *stel- (“to spread, to spread out”), whence also Latvian telpa (“space, room”). The original meaning was therefore “(that which is) spread out”, from which “(path, road) covered with intertwined, interlaced branches, logs” (a meaning still attested in folk songs) and then “bridge.” Cognates include Lithuanian tìltas; elsewhere, the stem *tel-, *stel- led to notions like “smooth base, floor, board:” Lithuanian dialectal tìlė (“a boat's bottom plank”), Old Prussian talus (“floor”), Proto-Slavic *tьlo (“base, floor”) (Old Church Slavonic тьло (tĭlo), Russian, Ukrainian тло (tlo), Czech tla (“floor”), Polish tło (“base, background”), Upper Sorbian tło (“floor, base, bottom”)), Old Irish talam (“earth”) (< *tlə-mo-), Proto-Germanic *þiliz (“board, plank”) (Old Norse þil, þili (“plank wall”), þilja (“floor, plank”), þel (“base, floor”), Old High German dil, dilo (“plank wall, floor”), dilla (“board, floor, ship deck”), German Diele (“plank”)), Sanskrit तलम् (talam, “plain, flat surface; palm”), Ancient Greek τήλιᾱ (tḗliā, “game table, board”), Albanian tullë (“brick”),
Latin tellūs (“earth”) (< *telnos), Ossetian тӕрхӕг (tærxæg, “bench”).

cog

jau trešajā minūtē Hervigs bija tiltā un ar grūtībām izgriezās

as early as the third minute Hervigs was in a bridge and wrung itself out (of it) with difficulty

(sports, martial arts) bridge position, backbend (position of the body in which the raised back rests on the hands (or nape) and feet touching the floor)


sāls

lv-noun

sāls f or m (6th or 2nd declension, irregular nominative, genitive)

sāls (nominative singular)
sālis (nominative plural)
sāli (accusative singular)
sālis (accusative plural)
sāls (genitive singular)
sāļu (genitive plural)
sālij (dative singular)
sālīm (dative plural)
sāli (instrumental singular)
sālīm (instrumental plural)
sālī (locative singular)
sālīs (locative plural)
sāls (singular vocative)
sālis (plural vocative)
sāls (nominative singular)
sāļi (nominative plural)
sāli (accusative singular)
sāļus (accusative plural)
sāļa (genitive singular)
sāļu (genitive plural)
sālim (dative singular)
sāļiem (dative plural)
sāli (instrumental singular)
sāļiem (instrumental plural)
sālī (locative singular)
sāļos (locative plural)
sāli (singular vocative)
sāļi (plural vocative)

From Proto-Baltic *sal-, *sāl-, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *sāˀlis, from Proto-Indo-European *sal-, *seh₂l- (“salt, sea salt”), perhaps related to the homophonous stem *sal- (“grayish, impure gray”).
In Latvian, both an i-stem (*salis) and an iyo-stem (*saliyos > *saliys > *salis) were formed, yielding present-day sāls, feminine, genitive sāls, and sāls, masculine, genitive sāļa. Cognates include Lithuanian sólymas (“salt water, brine”) (< *solis), Old Prussian sal, Old Church Slavonic соль (solĭ), Russian соль (solʹ), Ukrainian сіль (silʹ), genitive соли (soly), Bulgarian сол (sol), Czech sůl, Polish sól, Proto-Germanic *saltą (Gothic 𐍃𐌰𐌻𐍄 (salt), Old High German salz, German Salz, English salt), Old Irish salann, Ancient Greek ἅλς (háls), genitive ἁλός (halós), Latin sāl, genitive sālis, Sanskrit सलिल (salilá, “salty”).

cog

vārāmais sāls

ēdieniem par maz sāls

salt (white crystalline substance — sodium chloride or NaCl — used for seasoning food)


kalifs

kalifs (nominative singular)
kalifi (nominative plural)
kalifu (accusative singular)
kalifus (accusative plural)
kalifa (genitive singular)
kalifu (genitive plural)
kalifam (dative singular)
kalifiem (dative plural)
kalifu (instrumental singular)
kalifiem (instrumental plural)
kalifā (locative singular)
kalifos (locative plural)
kalifs (singular vocative)
kalifi (plural vocative)


gaļa

gaļa (nominative singular)
gaļas (nominative plural)
gaļu (accusative singular)
gaļas (accusative plural)
gaļas (genitive singular)
gaļu (genitive plural)
gaļai (dative singular)
gaļām (dative plural)
gaļu (instrumental singular)
gaļām (instrumental plural)
gaļā (locative singular)
gaļās (locative plural)
gaļa (singular vocative)
gaļas (plural vocative)

The origin of this word has not been fully explained. It may have been derived from the same stem as the (dated) verb galēt (“to kill”) (cf. dzelt (“to sting”), derived from another grade of the same stem), so that it would have originally meant “stabbed, killed, slaughtered (animal).” A different hypothesis is that gaļa is cognate with Russian го́лый (gólyj, “naked”), its original meaning having been “naked (= skinned) flesh, meat.” Either way, gaļa has replaced in this sense the word miesa, formerly “meat,” now specifically “(human) flesh.” Cognates include Sudovian fała (probably misspelled *gala).

cūkas, aitas, jēra gaļa

pig, sheep, lamb meat (i.e. pork, mutton, lamb)

vērša, liellopu gaļa

zivju gaļa

trekna, liesa gaļa

jēla, zaļa gaļa

cepta, vārīta, žāvēta gaļa

malta gaļa

gaļas šķēle

gaļas kvalitāte

sālīt, sautēt gaļu

kāposti, pīrāgs ar gaļu

gaļas ražošana, rūpniecība

truša gaļu, tāpat kā teļa gaļu, organisms viegli izmanto... ar savu maigo un patīkamo garšu tā atgādina vistas gaļu

rabbit meat, like veal (lit. calf meat), can be easily utilized (i.e. digested) by the (human) organism... with its mild and pleasant taste, it is reminiscent of chicken meat

meat (food obtained from the flesh of slaughtered animals)

gaļas produkti

gaļas buljons, zupa

gaļas mērce

gaļas kotletes, pīrāgi

gaļas konservi

(in the genitive, used adjectivally) meat (containing meat, cooked or prepared with meat)

gaļas cūka, govs

gaļas lopi

gaļas cāļi

(in the genitive, used adjectivally, of animals) meat (from which one obtains meat; reared in order to produce meat)

gaļas olbaltumvielas

kur gaļa, tur kauli; kur āda, tur spalva

where (there is) meat, (there are) bones; where (there is) skin, (there is) fur

mans ievainojums nav smags, bet lode iedzinusi no šineļa gaļā vilnas piku

my wound is not heavy (i.e. serious), but the bullet drove in a lump of wool from the coat into (my) meat (or flesh)

meat, flesh (animal muscular and adipose tissue; also, colloquially, human flesh, usually miesa)

auglis (parastajai mandelei) no sāniem saspiests olveida kaulenis ar ādainu gaļu

the fruit (of the common almond tree) is, from the side, a compressed oval drupe with leathery flesh

(rare) meat, flesh (soft, juicy part of a fruit)


kross

kross (nominative singular)
krosi (nominative plural)
krosu (accusative singular)
krosus (accusative plural)
krosa (genitive singular)
krosu (genitive plural)
krosam (dative singular)
krosiem (dative plural)
krosu (instrumental singular)
krosiem (instrumental plural)
krosā (locative singular)
krosos (locative plural)
kros (singular vocative)
krosi (plural vocative)


karalis

lv-noun

karalis m (2nd declension, feminine form: karaliene)

karaliene (feminine)
karalis (nominative singular)
karaļi (nominative plural)
karali (accusative singular)
karaļus (accusative plural)
karaļa (genitive singular)
karaļu (genitive plural)
karalim (dative singular)
karaļiem (dative plural)
karali (instrumental singular)
karaļiem (instrumental plural)
karalī (locative singular)
karaļos (locative plural)
karali (singular vocative)
karaļi (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Lithuanian karãlius, itself a borrowing from Old Ruthenian король (korolʹ), ultimately from the name of Charlemagne (cf. Latin Carolus, German Karl, Karol). Introduced by Atis Kronvalds in 1870. It soon became popular, possibly because of its similarity with Russian король (korolʹ, “king”) and its apparent connection to karš (“war”), and mostly replaced the earlier Germanism ķēniņš.

Anglijas karalis

skotu karalis

karaļa dinastija

kronēt karali

king (the monarch of a kingdom; the title of this monarch)

(chess) king (the most important piece, the capture of which signals the end of a game of chess)


tinte

tinte (nominative singular)
tintes (nominative plural)
tinti (accusative singular)
tintes (accusative plural)
tintes (genitive singular)
tinšu (genitive plural)
tintei (dative singular)
tintēm (dative plural)
tinti (instrumental singular)
tintēm (instrumental plural)
tintē (locative singular)
tintēs (locative plural)
tinte (singular vocative)
tintes (plural vocative)

Borrowed from German Tinte, itself a borrowing from Latin tincta (aqua) (“colored water, liquid”). This word is first mentioned in the early 19th century. It replaced an earlier borrowing blaka, from Middle Low German blak, black (“black ink”). An attempt to introduce a neologism melne (from melns (“black”); compare Russian черни́ла (černíla, “ink”), from чёрный (čórnyj, “black”)) also failed.

der

zilā, sarkanā, melnā tinte

parastā, speciālā tinte

gliemju tintes dziedzeri

(biology, anatomy) ink (dark liquid produced by certain animals or plants)


makaroni

makaroni (nominative plural)
makaronus (accusative plural)
makaronu (genitive plural)
makaroniem (dative plural)
makaroniem (instrumental plural)
makaronos (locative plural)
makaroni (plural vocative)


spalva

spalva (nominative singular)
spalvas (nominative plural)
spalvu (accusative singular)
spalvas (accusative plural)
spalvas (genitive singular)
spalvu (genitive plural)
spalvai (dative singular)
spalvām (dative plural)
spalvu (instrumental singular)
spalvām (instrumental plural)
spalvā (locative singular)
spalvās (locative plural)
spalva (singular vocative)
spalvas (plural vocative)

From Proto-Baltic *spalwā, from Proto-Indo-European *pel-, *spʰel- (“to split, cast off”) with a w extension. Alternatively, *spalu- may simply have been a u-stem noun, later transformed into an ā-stem noun: *spalu-ā- > *spalvā-. The original meaning was probably “that which was torn off, plucked, shorn.” Cognates include Lithuanian spalvà (“color”) (“color” meaning is a secondary development), Sudovian spiła.

noasināta zoss spalva

rakstāmspalva

pildspalva

rupja, smalka spalva

iemērkt spalvu tintē, tušā

pirmais spalvas mēģinājums

the first attempt at the pen (= at writing, by a new author)

quill, pen (especially to be used as a writing instrument)


gāze

gāze (nominative singular)
gāzi (accusative singular)
gāzes (genitive singular)
gāzei (dative singular)
gāzi (instrumental singular)
gāzē (locative singular)
gāze (singular vocative)

Likely via Russian газ (gaz, “gauze”), or perhaps German Gaze (“gauze”).


madara

madara (nominative singular)
madaras (nominative plural)
madaru (accusative singular)
madaras (accusative plural)
madaras (genitive singular)
madaru (genitive plural)
madarai (dative singular)
madarām (dative plural)
madaru (instrumental singular)
madarām (instrumental plural)
madarā (locative singular)
madarās (locative plural)
madara (singular vocative)
madaras (plural vocative)

Probably borrowed from Estonian madar, from Proto-Finnic *matara.

madaru dzimta

ķeraiņu madara

mīkstā madara

ziemeļu madara

baltās un dzeltenās madaras

Rubia tinctorum
Rubia tinctorum#Translingual

madder, bedstraw (a type of flowering plant, Rubia tinctorum)


jambs

jambs (nominative singular)
jambi (nominative plural)
jambu (accusative singular)
jambus (accusative plural)
jamba (genitive singular)
jambu (genitive plural)
jambam (dative singular)
jambiem (dative plural)
jambu (instrumental singular)
jambiem (instrumental plural)
jambā (locative singular)
jambos (locative plural)
jamb (singular vocative)
jambi (plural vocative)


interpunkcija

interpunkcija (nominative singular)
interpunkciju (accusative singular)
interpunkcijas (genitive singular)
interpunkcijai (dative singular)
interpunkciju (instrumental singular)
interpunkcijā (locative singular)
interpunkcija (singular vocative)

Via other European languages, ultimately borrowed from Latin interpunctiō, from inter (“between”) and punctiō (“pricking, puncturing”), from the verb pungo (“to prick, to puncture, to sting”).

interpunkcijas sistēma

apgūt interpunkciju

interpunkcijas kļūdas

izvēloties pieturzīmes, jāņem vērā interpunkcijas un citu rakstības zīmju un paņēmienu mijiedarbība

when choosing punctuation marks, one must take into account the interaction of punctuation and other writing symbols and modes

vispirms tulkotājiem pārmetums, ka viņi pārāk brīvi rīkojušies ar interpunkciju

the first criticism of translators is that they treat punctuation too freely

punctuation mark
punctuation mark#English

(orthography) punctuation (the set of punctuation marks in a given language; the use of punctuation marks in a given language)


stikls

stikls (nominative singular)
stikli (nominative plural)
stiklu (accusative singular)
stiklus (accusative plural)
stikla (genitive singular)
stiklu (genitive plural)
stiklam (dative singular)
stikliem (dative plural)
stiklu (instrumental singular)
stikliem (instrumental plural)
stiklā (locative singular)
stiklos (locative plural)
stikl (singular vocative)
stikli (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Old East Slavic стькло (stĭklo) (compare Russian стекло́ (stekló)), itself a borrowing from Gothic 𐍃𐍄𐌹𐌺𐌻𐍃 (stikls, “beaker, chalice, goblet”).

uder

briļļu stikli

palielināmais stikls

ielikt logam stiklu

glass (an object made of this material, or something similar)


vīns

vīns (nominative singular)
vīni (nominative plural)
vīnu (accusative singular)
vīnus (accusative plural)
vīna (genitive singular)
vīnu (genitive plural)
vīnam (dative singular)
vīniem (dative plural)
vīnu (instrumental singular)
vīniem (instrumental plural)
vīnā (locative singular)
vīnos (locative plural)
vīn (singular vocative)
vīni (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Middle Low German wīn, or from Old Norse vín or Middle Dutch wijn, wiin (cf. German Wein, Swedish vin, Dutch wijn, English wine), or maybe also from Old East Slavic вино (vino), Russian вино́ (vinó), itself a borrowing from Latin vīnum, which is a possible borrowing from an old Mediterranean or Black Sea language. In Latvian, this loanword is old: it is already mentioned in 16th-century writings and 17th-century dictionaries; there is also an apparently related 16th-century family name Vīndedzis.

vīnogu, ķiršu vīns

sarkanais vīns, sarkanvīns

baltais vīns, baltvīns

sausais, saldais vīns

deserta vīns

dzirkstošais vīns

pudele vīna

vīna kauss

vīna glāze

vīna muca

Pie zivju ēdiniem ieteicami baltie galda vīni, pie gaļas - sarkanie sausie vīni, bet pie sakņu ēdieniem - pussaldie.

With fish dishes, white table wines are recommended; with meat - red dry wines, and with vegetable food - semisweet (wines).

wine (alcoholic drink made from berriess or fruit juices)


ēdiens

ēdiens (nominative singular)
ēdieni (nominative plural)
ēdienu (accusative singular)
ēdienus (accusative plural)
ēdiena (genitive singular)
ēdienu (genitive plural)
ēdienam (dative singular)
ēdieniem (dative plural)
ēdienu (instrumental singular)
ēdieniem (instrumental plural)
ēdienā (locative singular)
ēdienos (locative plural)
ēdien (singular vocative)
ēdieni (plural vocative)

From ēst (past stem: ēd-) (“to eat”) + -iens.

gaļas, zivju, miltu ēdiens

silts, garšīgs ēdiens

saldais ēdiens

izvēlēties, pagatavot, pasniegt ēdienu

izvārīt ēdienu

ēst pusdienās trīs ēdienus

ēdienu karte, ēdienkarte

food prepared for consumption; meal; dish


bibliotēka

bibliotēka (nominative singular)
bibliotēkas (nominative plural)
bibliotēku (accusative singular)
bibliotēkas (accusative plural)
bibliotēkas (genitive singular)
bibliotēku (genitive plural)
bibliotēkai (dative singular)
bibliotēkām (dative plural)
bibliotēku (instrumental singular)
bibliotēkām (instrumental plural)
bibliotēkā (locative singular)
bibliotēkās (locative plural)
bibliotēka (singular vocative)
bibliotēkas (plural vocative)


Jānis

Jānis (nominative singular)
Jāņi (nominative plural)
Jāni (accusative singular)
Jāņus (accusative plural)
Jāņa (genitive singular)
Jāņu (genitive plural)
Jānim (dative singular)
Jāņiem (dative plural)
Jāni (instrumental singular)
Jāņiem (instrumental plural)
Jānī (locative singular)
Jāņos (locative plural)
Jāni (singular vocative)
Jāņi (plural vocative)

First recorded in 13th century. Ultimately from Hebrew, cognate to English John.


viesnīca

viesnīca (nominative singular)
viesnīcas (nominative plural)
viesnīcu (accusative singular)
viesnīcas (accusative plural)
viesnīcas (genitive singular)
viesnīcu (genitive plural)
viesnīcai (dative singular)
viesnīcām (dative plural)
viesnīcu (instrumental singular)
viesnīcām (instrumental plural)
viesnīcā (locative singular)
viesnīcās (locative plural)
viesnīca (singular vocative)
viesnīcas (plural vocative)

From viesis (“guest”) + -nīca. A neologism coined in the 1870s by either Krišjānis Valdemārs or Fricis Brīvzemnieks in 1872, originally in the form viesnīce; the modern form appeared later in the same decade and soon became popular. It has replaced previously used expressions like viesu nams and gastūzis (a borrowing from German).

grezna viesnīca

slavena viesnīca

apmesties viesnīcā

dzīvot viesnīcā

hotel (establishment that provides accommodation for paying guests)


zupa

zupa (nominative singular)
zupas (nominative plural)
zupu (accusative singular)
zupas (accusative plural)
zupas (genitive singular)
zupu (genitive plural)
zupai (dative singular)
zupām (dative plural)
zupu (instrumental singular)
zupām (instrumental plural)
zupā (locative singular)
zupās (locative plural)
zupa (singular vocative)
zupas (plural vocative)

Borrowed from German Suppe, itself partly via French soupe, partly via Middle Low German sope, from Proto-Germanic *supô (compare also sūpen “to drink; to eat with a spoon,” German saufen “to drink; to booze”), ultimately from the same Proto-Indo-European stem (*seu-, *sū- “juice; moisture”) as the verb sūkt (“to suck”). This word was borrowed before the 17th century; it is first mentioned in writing in the 18th century (as zupe), but only in the 19th century did it become frequent. The modern form zupa also became dominant in the 19th century.

gaļas, dārzeņu, sēņu zupa

kāpostu, sakņu, piena zupa

ļoti garšīga zupa

veģetāra zupa

aukstās zupas

zupas kauss

zupas karotes

šovakar mums biešu zupa; te rudzu maize

tonight we have beet soup; here (is) the rye bread

soup (boiled liquid food, usually containing meat, fish, vegetables or cereal products)


golfs

golfs (nominative singular)
golfi (nominative plural)
golfu (accusative singular)
golfus (accusative plural)
golfa (genitive singular)
golfu (genitive plural)
golfam (dative singular)
golfiem (dative plural)
golfu (instrumental singular)
golfiem (instrumental plural)
golfā (locative singular)
golfos (locative plural)
golf (singular vocative)
golfi (plural vocative)


Jesaja

Jesaja (nominative singular)
Jesajas (nominative plural)
Jesaju (accusative singular)
Jesajas (accusative plural)
Jesajas (genitive singular)
Jesaju (genitive plural)
Jesajai (dative singular)
Jesajām (dative plural)
Jesaju (instrumental singular)
Jesajām (instrumental plural)
Jesajā (locative singular)
Jesajās (locative plural)
Jesaja (singular vocative)
Jesajas (plural vocative)


ūdens

lv-noun

ūdens m (2nd declension, irregular nominative, genitive)

ūdens (nominative singular)
ūdeņi (nominative plural)
ūdeni (accusative singular)
ūdeņus (accusative plural)
ūdens (genitive singular)
ūdeņu (genitive plural)
ūdenim (dative singular)
ūdeņiem (dative plural)
ūdeni (instrumental singular)
ūdeņiem (instrumental plural)
ūdenī (locative singular)
ūdeņos (locative plural)
ūdeni (singular vocative)
ūdeņi (plural vocative)

From Proto-Baltic *ūden- (or perhaps from Proto-Balto-Slavic *wandō), from the r/n-heteroclitic Proto-Indo-European noun *wódr̥, *wédōr, itself from a stem *wed- (“to moisten”). In Latvian, only the n-form of the stem survived in ūdens, but the r-form can be seen in the related term ūdrs (“otter”). The lack of initial v in Latvian also suggests that a specific dialectal term was generalized: v-initial forms can still be found in geographic names (e.g. the river Vadakste, the word vads in its dialectal senses: creek, swampy forest, etc., and place names derived from it, like Mēnešvads, Alkšņa vads, etc.). Cognates include Lithuanian vanduõ, dialectal unduõ, únduo, Old Prussian unds m, wundan n, Proto-Slavic *voda (Old Church Slavonic, Belarusian, Ukrainian, Bulgarian, Russian вода́ (vodá), Czech voda, Polish woda), Old Church Slavonic вѣдро (vědro, “small vessel”), Russian ведро́ (vedró, “bucket”), Ukrainian відро́ (vidró), Czech vědro, Polish wiadro, Proto-Germanic *watōr (Gothic 𐍅𐌰𐍄𐍉 (watō), Old High German wazzar, German Wasser, English water, wet), Hittite wātar (< *wódr̥), Sanskrit उदन् (udán), Ancient Greek ὕδωρ (húdōr), Latin unda (“wave”) (from *udn- with metathesis).

cog

smagais ūdens

ūdens molekula

tīrs, skaidrs ūdens

dzeramais ūdens

duļķains ūdens

mīksts, ciets ūdens

vārīts, destilēts, gāzēts ūdens

jūras, upes, lietus ūdens

ūdens ceļš, ūdensceļš

saldūdens, sālsūdens

atmosfēras, augsnes ūdens

artēziskais ūdens

tējas, kafijas ūdens

tea, coffee water (i.e., boiled for tea, coffee)

svētais ūdens

ūdens saturs šķīdumā

ūdens lāse, strūkla

ūdens tvaiks

ūdens krājumi, resursi

ūdens apgāde

ūdens tek, plūst, pil

smelt, dzert, attīrīt ūdeni

ūdenī šķīstoša viela

mazgāties aukstā ūdenī

ūdens tilpe, ūdenstilpe

ūdens līmenis

virs, zem ūdens

ūdens nelaime

ūdens riņķojums dabā

water (transparent liquid substance formed by hydrogen and oxygen; H₂O)

virszemes, sauszemes ūdeņi

pazemes ūdeņi

groundwater, underground water (lit. waters)

ārstnieciskie ūdeņi

palu ūdeņi

termālie ūdeņi

(in the plural) waters (large amounts, large bodies of water)

zvejas ūdeņi

teritoriālie ūdeņi

iekšējie ūdeņi

starptautiskie ūdeņi

(in the plural) water (a body, bodies of water with a specific use, or belonging to a specific region or country)

ūdens transports

ūdenssports

ūdensslēpes

ūdens polo

(genitive, used adjectivally) water, aquatic (relating to bodies of water)

ūdens augi, ūdensaugi

ūdens lilija, ūdens roze, ūdensroze

ūdens zāle, ūdenszāle

ūdens dzīvnieki, ūdensdzīvnieki

ūdens putni, ūdensputni

ūdens gliemji, kukaiņi

(genitive, used adjectivally) water, aquatic (which lives, is situated, in or near bodies of water, or in water-rich areas)

ūdens gabals

piece of water (= contentless, excessively long text)

tu slauc pareizu pienu, bet, mīļā māt, tavas meitas dzied dziesmas, kam ūdens klāt!

you milk good milk, but, dear mother, your daughters sing songs that are covered with water

(colloquial, of texts, words) watery, uninteresting, boring; empty, meaningless


sirds

sirds (nominative singular)
sirdis (nominative plural)
sirdi (accusative singular)
sirdis (accusative plural)
sirds (genitive singular)
siržu (genitive plural)
sirdij (dative singular)
sirdīm (dative plural)
sirdi (instrumental singular)
sirdīm (instrumental plural)
sirdī (locative singular)
sirdīs (locative plural)
sirds (singular vocative)
sirdis (plural vocative)

From older sirdis (attested in 17th-century texts), from Proto-Balto-Slavic *śḗr, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱḗr.

sirds kalps

sirds dūzis

kapteinis sāka dalīt kārtis, un Vilks izklaidīgi ņēma tās pretī… tur bija viens kalps un trīs dāmas: krusta, kārava un sirds

the captain started dealing the cards, and Vilks absent-mindedly took them… there were three queens: clubs, diamonds, and hearts

(card games) hearts (one of the four suits of playing cards, marked with the symbol ♥)


Miha

Miha (nominative singular)
Mihas (nominative plural)
Mihu (accusative singular)
Mihas (accusative plural)
Mihas (genitive singular)
Mihu (genitive plural)
Mihai (dative singular)
Mihām (dative plural)
Mihu (instrumental singular)
Mihām (instrumental plural)
Mihā (locative singular)
Mihās (locative plural)
Miha (singular vocative)
Mihas (plural vocative)


abats

lv-noun

abats m (1st declension, feminine form: abate)

abate (feminine)
abats (nominative singular)
abati (nominative plural)
abatu (accusative singular)
abatus (accusative plural)
abata (genitive singular)
abatu (genitive plural)
abatam (dative singular)
abatiem (dative plural)
abatu (instrumental singular)
abatiem (instrumental plural)
abatā (locative singular)
abatos (locative plural)
abat (singular vocative)
abati (plural vocative)

Via other European languages, ultimately borrowed from Latin abbās (“father”), from Ancient Greek ἀββᾶς (abbâs), from Aramaic אבא (’abbā, “father”).

abats ir Romas katoļu baznīcas goda tituls

abbot is an honorific title of the Roman Catholic church

abats nēsā mitru un gana zizli

the abbot carries a mitre (hat) and a shepherd's staff

abbot (the (male) leader of a Catholic abbey or monastery)


pūķis

pūķis (nominative singular)
pūķi (nominative plural)
pūķi (accusative singular)
pūķus (accusative plural)
pūķa (genitive singular)
pūķu (genitive plural)
pūķim (dative singular)
pūķiem (dative plural)
pūķi (instrumental singular)
pūķiem (instrumental plural)
pūķī (locative singular)
pūķos (locative plural)
pūķi (singular vocative)
pūķi (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Old Norse púki (“demon, evil spirit”), from Proto-Germanic *pūkô; compare Swedish puke (“house spirit”).

naudas pūķis

mantas pūķis

(mythology, religion) in old Latvian mythology, a household spirit that could be bought, bred, or stolen, and protected the wealth of his owner

pūķis ar deviņām galvām

pūķa gads

the year of the dragon (Chinese calendar)

dragon, winged serpent (reptilian monster that spits fire and devours people and animals)

papīra pūķis

daudzplākšņu pūķi

kite (toy made usually of colored paper that flies in the air, and is controlled from below with a line)


vilna

vilna (nominative singular)
vilnu (accusative singular)
vilnas (genitive singular)
vilnai (dative singular)
vilnu (instrumental singular)
vilnā (locative singular)
vilna (singular vocative)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *wílˀnāˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂wĺ̥h₁neh₂. Cognates include Lithuanian vìlna, Old Prussian wilna, wilnis (“skirt [< made of wool]”), Old East Slavic вълна (vŭlna), Russian dialectal во́лна (vólna, “wool, woolen fabric”), Belarusian во́ўна (vóŭna), Ukrainian во́вна (vóvna), Bulgarian въ́лна (vǎ́lna), Czech vlna, Slovak vlna, Polish wełna, Proto-Germanic *wullō (Gothic 𐍅𐌿𐌻𐌻𐌰 (wulla), Old High German wolla, German Wolle, English wool), Hittite ḫulana-, Sanskrit ऊर्णा (ū́rṇā) (from *ul̥), Ancient Greek λῆνος (lênos) (Doric λᾶνος (lânos), Latin lāna (Italian, Spanish lana, Romanian lână, Portuguese lã).

vilnas dzija, audums

vilnas cimdi, zeķes, sega

vilnas lakats, kleita

wool (something made of this animal hair: yarn, fabric, clothes)


Ādams

First recorded in 1522. Ultimately from Hebrew. Cognate to English Adam.


Marija

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in 1460. From Latin Maria, from Ancient Greek Μαρία (María), Μαριάμ (Mariám), ultimately from Hebrew מִרְיָם (miryám). Cognate to English Mary.


A diacritical mark of the Latin script, called sediļa, "āķītis," mīkstinājuma zīme (“cedilla”) in Latvian, and found on Ģ/ģ, Ķ/ķ, Ļ/ļ and Ņ/ņ.


A diacritical mark of the Latin script, called garumzīme (“macron”) in Latvian, and found on Ā/ā, Ē/ē, Ī/ī and Ū/ū.


kafija

kafija (nominative singular)
kafijas (nominative plural)
kafiju (accusative singular)
kafijas (accusative plural)
kafijas (genitive singular)
kafiju (genitive plural)
kafijai (dative singular)
kafijām (dative plural)
kafiju (instrumental singular)
kafijām (instrumental plural)
kafijā (locative singular)
kafijās (locative plural)
kafija (singular vocative)
kafijas (plural vocative)


tēja

tēja (nominative singular)
tējas (nominative plural)
tēju (accusative singular)
tējas (accusative plural)
tējas (genitive singular)
tēju (genitive plural)
tējai (dative singular)
tējām (dative plural)
tēju (instrumental singular)
tējām (instrumental plural)
tējā (locative singular)
tējās (locative plural)
tēja (singular vocative)
tējas (plural vocative)

From Hokkien (POJ: tê, Chinese: 茶), via Dutch thee. The Mandarin pronunciation of the same word — tša — gave rise to the word for “tea” in other European languages (compare Russian чай (čaj), Portuguese chá).

ievākt tēju

melnã, zaļā tēja

Indijas, Ķīnas tēja

tējas paciņa

tea leaves (leaves of the tea plant, especially processed and dried)

vārīt, dzert tēju

tēja ar citronu

tējas glāze, tase

karsta, smaržīga, stipra tēja

zāļu tēja

aveņu tēja

liet tēju glāzes

pielikt tējai cukuru

tea (infusion of tea leaves, or of the leaves of other, similar plants)

ielūgt uz tēju

tea, tea party (a gathering or party where tea is served)


tomātu mērce

tomātu mērce (nominative singular)
tomātu mērces (nominative plural)
tomātu mērci (accusative singular)
tomātu mērces (accusative plural)
tomātu mērces (genitive singular)
tomātu mērču (genitive plural)
tomātu mērcei (dative singular)
tomātu mērcēm (dative plural)
tomātu mērci (instrumental singular)
tomātu mērcēm (instrumental plural)
tomātu mērcē (locative singular)
tomātu mērcēs (locative plural)
tomātu mērce (singular vocative)
tomātu mērces (plural vocative)


lesbiete

lesbiete (nominative singular)
lesbietes (nominative plural)
lesbieti (accusative singular)
lesbietes (accusative plural)
lesbietes (genitive singular)
lesbiešu (genitive plural)
lesbietei (dative singular)
lesbietēm (dative plural)
lesbieti (instrumental singular)
lesbietēm (instrumental plural)
lesbietē (locative singular)
lesbietēs (locative plural)
lesbiete (singular vocative)
lesbietes (plural vocative)


Ieva

Ieva (nominative singular)
Ievu (accusative singular)
Ievas (genitive singular)
Ievai (dative singular)
Ievu (instrumental singular)
Ievā (locative singular)
Ieva (singular vocative)

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in 1743. From Latin Eva, ultimately from Hebrew. Also a plant name from ieva (“bird cherry”).


joks

joks (nominative singular)
joki (nominative plural)
joku (accusative singular)
jokus (accusative plural)
joka (genitive singular)
joku (genitive plural)
jokam (dative singular)
jokiem (dative plural)
joku (instrumental singular)
jokiem (instrumental plural)
jokā (locative singular)
jokos (locative plural)
jok (singular vocative)
joki (plural vocative)

From Proto-Baltic *yuok-, from Proto-Indo-European *yōk-, the o-grade of *yek- (“to speak”) (whence also Sanskrit याचति (yā́cati, “to ask, to beg”) < (“to say solemnly”)). A minority opinion is that joks is a borrowing from Latin iocus, via a Germanic language. The term is attested in 17th-century dictionaries, where smiekli (“laugh”) is a synonym; these terms became semantically differentiatiated by the mid-19th century, when the meaning of smiekli was broadened. Cognates include Lithuanian juõkas (“laugh, laughter; joke, joking; jesting, fun”), Latin iocus (“joke, jest”).

cog

asprātīgi, muļķīgi, sekli joki

stāstīt jokus

tas tik bija joks!

joku stāsts

joka pēc, joka dēļ

humoram jāieņem liela vieta cilvēka dzīvē... bez joka, bez smiekliem nevar dzīvot!

humor must take an important part in human life... without joke(s), without laughs one cannot live!

joke, jest (words or behavior that amuses, causes laughter)


Obadja

Obadja (nominative singular)
Obadjas (nominative plural)
Obadju (accusative singular)
Obadjas (accusative plural)
Obadjas (genitive singular)
Obadju (genitive plural)
Obadjai (dative singular)
Obadjām (dative plural)
Obadju (instrumental singular)
Obadjām (instrumental plural)
Obadjā (locative singular)
Obadjās (locative plural)
Obadja (singular vocative)
Obadjas (plural vocative)


humoriste

lv-noun

humoriste f (5th declension, masculine form: humorists)

humorists (masculine)
humoriste (nominative singular)
humoristes (nominative plural)
humoristi (accusative singular)
humoristes (accusative plural)
humoristes (genitive singular)
humoristu (genitive plural)
humoristei (dative singular)
humoristēm (dative plural)
humoristi (instrumental singular)
humoristēm (instrumental plural)
humoristē (locative singular)
humoristēs (locative plural)
humoriste (singular vocative)
humoristes (plural vocative)

From humorists (“humorist, comedian”) + -e (“fem.”).

suffix

humoriste Jolanda Suvorova atsākusi smēķēt

comedienne Jolanda Suvorova has resumed smoking

(female) humorist, comedian, comedienne (a (female) artist who portrays the world in a humorous, comic way)


Izraēla

Izraēla (nominative singular)
Izraēlu (accusative singular)
Izraēlas (genitive singular)
Izraēlai (dative singular)
Izraēlu (instrumental singular)
Izraēlā (locative singular)
Izraēla (singular vocative)

Via other European languages, ultimately borrowed from Hebrew יִשְׂרָאֵל (yisra'él, “Israel”), which, in Biblical Hebrew, means "he who wrestles with God" (a Biblical name for Jacob after he wrestles with an adversary, later extended to cover the Jewish people and their land).

(biblical) Israel (A Biblical region of Western Asia roughly coextensive with the modern State of Israel, known in the Bible as the Land of Israel and considered the ancestral homeland of the Jewish people)

(historical) Israel (an ancient kingdom in Western Asia, roughly coextensive with the modern State of Israel and the Land of Israel)

(historical) Israel (an ancient kingdom that occupied the northern part of the Land of Israel and modern State of Israel, as distinct from Judah)


mauka

mauka (nominative singular)
maukas (nominative plural)
mauku (accusative singular)
maukas (accusative plural)
maukas (genitive singular)
mauku (genitive plural)
maukai (dative singular)
maukām (dative plural)
mauku (instrumental singular)
maukām (instrumental plural)
maukā (locative singular)
maukās (locative plural)
mauka (singular vocative)
maukas (plural vocative)

mauku māja

nosaukt par mauku

pieķert vīrieti pie maukas

(colloquial, derogatory, vulgar) indecent, dissolute woman; prostitute, whore


sonets

sonets (nominative singular)
soneti (nominative plural)
sonetu (accusative singular)
sonetus (accusative plural)
soneta (genitive singular)
sonetu (genitive plural)
sonetam (dative singular)
sonetiem (dative plural)
sonetu (instrumental singular)
sonetiem (instrumental plural)
sonetā (locative singular)
sonetos (locative plural)
sonet (singular vocative)
soneti (plural vocative)


manuskripts

manuskripts (nominative singular)
manuskripti (nominative plural)
manuskriptu (accusative singular)
manuskriptus (accusative plural)
manuskripta (genitive singular)
manuskriptu (genitive plural)
manuskriptam (dative singular)
manuskriptiem (dative plural)
manuskriptu (instrumental singular)
manuskriptiem (instrumental plural)
manuskriptā (locative singular)
manuskriptos (locative plural)
manuskript (singular vocative)
manuskripti (plural vocative)

Via other European languages, ultimately borrowed from Medieval Latin manuscriptum (“writing by hand”), from Latin manus (“hand”) and scrīptus, the past participle of scrībō (“to write”), apparently a calque of Germanic origin (cf. earlier Middle High German hantschrift, hantgeschrift, Old English handġewrit (“what is written by hand, deed, contract, manuscript”), Old Norse handrit (“manuscript”)).

cog

viduslaiku manuskripts

literatūras muzeju manuskripti

es simtgadīgo ķieģeļu kaudzē atradu vecu manuskriptu... tas bija arābu burtiem ar melnu un sarkanu tušu aprakstīts pergaments

I found an old manuscript in a pile of hundred-year-old bricks... it was a parchment covered with Arabic letters in black and red ink

(history) manuscript (a handwritten text, usually an old one)


dancis

dancis (nominative singular)
danči (nominative plural)
danci (accusative singular)
dančus (accusative plural)
danča (genitive singular)
danču (genitive plural)
dancim (dative singular)
dančiem (dative plural)
danci (instrumental singular)
dančiem (instrumental plural)
dancī (locative singular)
dančos (locative plural)
danci (singular vocative)
danči (plural vocative)

ej un lūdz uz danci veco Kaču

pēc dāmu polkas bija garāka pauze... pagāja vēl vairāk danču, un Ilze mežsarga nepamanīja

after the ladies' polka there was a longer pause... there were more dances going on, and Ilze did not notice the forester

(dated sense) dance (the act of dancing; the art of dancing; a style of dancing)

garais dancis

dejot krusta danci

es šajā dancī tik un tā nepiedalīšos

I will not participate like that in this (traditional) dance

(ethnography) Latvian traditional, folkloric dances


Zuzanna

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in 1608. Ultimately from Hebrew. Cognate to English Susan.


homoseksualitāte

homoseksualitāte (nominative singular)
homoseksualitāti (accusative singular)
homoseksualitātes (genitive singular)
homoseksualitātei (dative singular)
homoseksualitāti (instrumental singular)
homoseksualitātē (locative singular)
homoseksualitāte (singular vocative)

From homo- + seksualitāte, or homoseksuāls + -itāte (with homoseksuāls from homo- + seksuāls (“sexual”), with seksuāls from sekss (“sex”) + -āls). Probably not derived as such in Latvian but borrowed and adapted from other European languages.


korāns

korāns (nominative singular)
korāni (nominative plural)
korānu (accusative singular)
korānus (accusative plural)
korāna (genitive singular)
korānu (genitive plural)
korānam (dative singular)
korāniem (dative plural)
korānu (instrumental singular)
korāniem (instrumental plural)
korānā (locative singular)
korānos (locative plural)
korān (singular vocative)
korāni (plural vocative)


autors

lv-noun

autors m (1st declension, feminine form: autore)

autore (feminine)
autors (nominative singular)
autori (nominative plural)
autoru (accusative singular)
autorus (accusative plural)
autora (genitive singular)
autoru (genitive plural)
autoram (dative singular)
autoriem (dative plural)
autoru (instrumental singular)
autoriem (instrumental plural)
autorā (locative singular)
autoros (locative plural)
autor (singular vocative)
autori (plural vocative)

Ultimately from New Latin autor, from Latin auctor. Compare Lithuanian autorius, Polish autor, German Autor.


seksuālā orientācija

seksuālā orientācija (nominative singular)
seksuālās orientācijas (nominative plural)
seksuālo orientāciju (accusative singular)
seksuālās orientācijas (accusative plural)
seksuālās orientācijas (genitive singular)
seksuālo orientāciju (genitive plural)
seksuālajai orientācijai (dative singular)
seksuālajām orientācijām (dative plural)
seksuālo orientāciju (instrumental singular)
seksuālajām orientācijām (instrumental plural)
seksuālajā orientācijā (locative singular)
seksuālajās orientācijās (locative plural)
seksuālo orientācija (singular vocative)
seksuālā orientācija (singular vocative)
seksuālās orientācijas (plural vocative)


biseksualitāte

biseksualitāte (nominative singular)
biseksualitāti (accusative singular)
biseksualitātes (genitive singular)
biseksualitātei (dative singular)
biseksualitāti (instrumental singular)
biseksualitātē (locative singular)
biseksualitāte (singular vocative)


aseksualitāte

aseksualitāte (nominative singular)
aseksualitāti (accusative singular)
aseksualitātes (genitive singular)
aseksualitātei (dative singular)
aseksualitāti (instrumental singular)
aseksualitātē (locative singular)
aseksualitāte (singular vocative)

From a- + seksualitāte, or aseksuāls + -itāte (with aseksuāls from a- + seksuāls (“sexual”) and seksuāls from sekss (“sex”) + -āls). Probably not derived as such in Latvian but borrowed and adapted from other European languages.

aseksualitātes karogs

aseksualitātes kā seksuālās orientācijas pieņemšana un zinātniskās izpētes lauks ir relatīvi jauns

the acceptation of asexuality as a sexual orientation and as a field of scientific research is relatively recent

asexuality (the state or quality of being asexual, of not experiencing sexual attraction)


heteroseksualitāte

heteroseksualitāte (nominative singular)
heteroseksualitāti (accusative singular)
heteroseksualitātes (genitive singular)
heteroseksualitātei (dative singular)
heteroseksualitāti (instrumental singular)
heteroseksualitātē (locative singular)
heteroseksualitāte (singular vocative)


apostrofs

apostrofs (nominative singular)
apostrofi (nominative plural)
apostrofu (accusative singular)
apostrofus (accusative plural)
apostrofa (genitive singular)
apostrofu (genitive plural)
apostrofam (dative singular)
apostrofiem (dative plural)
apostrofu (instrumental singular)
apostrofiem (instrumental plural)
apostrofā (locative singular)
apostrofos (locative plural)
apostrof (singular vocative)
apostrofi (plural vocative)

Via other European languages, ultimately borrowed from Latin apostrophus, itself a borrowing from Ancient Greek ἀπόστροφος (apóstrophos, “accent of elision”), a nominal use of an adjective derived from the verb ἀποστρέφω (apostréphō, “I turn away”).

uder

lietot apostrofu

likt apostrofu vārdu beigās

to put an apostrophe at the ends of words

diacritical mark
diacritical mark#English

(orthography) apostrophe (the ’ character, used in some languages as a punctuation mark and as a diacritical mark in others)


revolveris

revolveris (nominative singular)
revolveri (nominative plural)
revolveri (accusative singular)
revolverus (accusative plural)
revolvera (genitive singular)
revolveru (genitive plural)
revolverim (dative singular)
revolveriem (dative plural)
revolveri (instrumental singular)
revolveriem (instrumental plural)
revolverī (locative singular)
revolveros (locative plural)
revolveri (singular vocative)
revolveri (plural vocative)

[ɾævɔːlvæɾːis]

Policija izmanto revolverus

revolver (a small handgun with a rotating cylindrical magazine)


skolotājs

lv-noun

skolotājs m (1st declension, feminine form: skolotāja)

skolotāja (feminine)
skolotājs (nominative singular)
skolotāji (nominative plural)
skolotāju (accusative singular)
skolotājus (accusative plural)
skolotāja (genitive singular)
skolotāju (genitive plural)
skolotājam (dative singular)
skolotājiem (dative plural)
skolotāju (instrumental singular)
skolotājiem (instrumental plural)
skolotājā (locative singular)
skolotājos (locative plural)
skolotāj (singular vocative)
skolotāji (plural vocative)

From skolot (“to instruct”) + -ājs. This word was first attested in the 19th century, at first co-existing with other expressions like skolmeistars, mācītājs, and even skolnieks, which some authors originally used to mean “schoolteacher.” By the beginning of the 20th century, skolotājs had become the usual term for this meaning.

stingrs, prasīgs skolotājs

vidusskolas skolotājs

mūzikas skolas skolotājs

matemātikas, vēstures skolotājs

skolotāju istaba

(male) teacher (man who teaches schoolchildren at a school)


tornis

tornis (nominative singular)
torņi (nominative plural)
torni (accusative singular)
torņus (accusative plural)
torņa (genitive singular)
torņu (genitive plural)
tornim (dative singular)
torņiem (dative plural)
torni (instrumental singular)
torņiem (instrumental plural)
tornī (locative singular)
torņos (locative plural)
torni (singular vocative)
torņi (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Middle Low German torn or Middle Dutch toorn or an East Frisian word (compare West Frisian toer; also compare German Turm), itself a borrowing, via Old Frisian torn, from Latin turris (accusative turrem). A dialectal German form Turn, borrowed as turnis, would in the Kurzeme dialects yield tornis (with [uo]). This word is first mentioned in 17th-century dictionaries.

iesaistīt torni spēlē

(chess) rook (chess piece shaped like a castle tower)


apelsīnu sula

apelsīnu sula (nominative singular)
apelsīnu sulas (nominative plural)
apelsīnu sulu (accusative singular)
apelsīnu sulas (accusative plural)
apelsīnu sulas (genitive singular)
apelsīnu sulu (genitive plural)
apelsīnu sulai (dative singular)
apelsīnu sulām (dative plural)
apelsīnu sulu (instrumental singular)
apelsīnu sulām (instrumental plural)
apelsīnu sulā (locative singular)
apelsīnu sulās (locative plural)
apelsīnu sula (singular vocative)
apelsīnu sulas (plural vocative)

svaigi spiesta apelsīnu sula

kādu labumu mums dod apelsīnu sula?

orange juice (the juice of orange fruits, consumed as a drink)


kols

kols (nominative singular)
koli (nominative plural)
kolu (accusative singular)
kolus (accusative plural)
kola (genitive singular)
kolu (genitive plural)
kolam (dative singular)
koliem (dative plural)
kolu (instrumental singular)
koliem (instrumental plural)
kolā (locative singular)
kolos (locative plural)
kol (singular vocative)
koli (plural vocative)

Via other European languages, ultimately borrowed from Latin cōlon (“a member of a verse of poem”), itself a borrowing from Ancient Greek κῶλον (kôlon, “a member, limb, clause, part of a verse”).

uder

kols ir ne vien gramatiski, bet arī jēdzieniski nosacīta pieturzīme... tas arvien norāda uz sekojošu paskaidrojumu

the colon is a punctuation mark conditioned not only grammatically, but also conceptually... it always points to a following explanation

(orthography) colon (the punctuation mark : which usually indicates a longer pause)


astronoms

lv-noun

astronoms m (1st declension, feminine form: astronome)

astronome (feminine)
astronoms (nominative singular)
astronomi (nominative plural)
astronomu (accusative singular)
astronomus (accusative plural)
astronoma (genitive singular)
astronomu (genitive plural)
astronomam (dative singular)
astronomiem (dative plural)
astronomu (instrumental singular)
astronomiem (instrumental plural)
astronomā (locative singular)
astronomos (locative plural)
astronom (singular vocative)
astronomi (plural vocative)

astronomu galvenais darba instruments ir teleskops

an astronomer's main work instrument is the telescope

vairums profesionālu astronomu strādā observatorijās, kā arī pētniecības centros un universitātēs

the majority of professional astronomers work in observatories, and also in research centers and universities

(male) astronomer (a specialist in astronomy)


biologs

biologs m (1st declension, feminine form: bioloģe)

bioloģe (feminine)
biologs (nominative singular)
biologi (nominative plural)
biologu (accusative singular)
biologus (accusative plural)
biologa (genitive singular)
biologu (genitive plural)
biologam (dative singular)
biologiem (dative plural)
biologu (instrumental singular)
biologiem (instrumental plural)
biologā (locative singular)
biologos (locative plural)
biolog (singular vocative)
biologi (plural vocative)

biologu pētniecības objekts

(male) biologist (a specialist in biology)


ekologs

ekologs m (1st declension, feminine form: ekoloģe)

ekoloģe (feminine)
ekologs (nominative singular)
ekologi (nominative plural)
ekologu (accusative singular)
ekologus (accusative plural)
ekologa (genitive singular)
ekologu (genitive plural)
ekologam (dative singular)
ekologiem (dative plural)
ekologu (instrumental singular)
ekologiem (instrumental plural)
ekologā (locative singular)
ekologos (locative plural)
ekolog (singular vocative)
ekologi (plural vocative)

(male) ecologist (a specialist in ecology)


kosmologs

kosmologs m (1st declension, feminine form: kosmoloģe)

kosmoloģe (feminine)
kosmologs (nominative singular)
kosmologi (nominative plural)
kosmologu (accusative singular)
kosmologus (accusative plural)
kosmologa (genitive singular)
kosmologu (genitive plural)
kosmologam (dative singular)
kosmologiem (dative plural)
kosmologu (instrumental singular)
kosmologiem (instrumental plural)
kosmologā (locative singular)
kosmologos (locative plural)
kosmolog (singular vocative)
kosmologi (plural vocative)

(male) cosmologist (a specialist in cosmology)


antropologs

antropologs m (1st declension, feminine form: antropoloģe)

antropoloģe (feminine)
antropologs (nominative singular)
antropologi (nominative plural)
antropologu (accusative singular)
antropologus (accusative plural)
antropologa (genitive singular)
antropologu (genitive plural)
antropologam (dative singular)
antropologiem (dative plural)
antropologu (instrumental singular)
antropologiem (instrumental plural)
antropologā (locative singular)
antropologos (locative plural)
antropolog (singular vocative)
antropologi (plural vocative)

antropologi bija izmērījuši dažadu tautu pārstāvju galvaskausus, plecus un kājas

anthropologists had measured the skulls, shoulders, and feet of representatives of various (ethnic) peoples

(male) anthropologist (a specialist in anthropology)


lingvists

lingvists m (1st declension, feminine form: lingviste)

lingviste (feminine)
lingvists (nominative singular)
lingvisti (nominative plural)
lingvistu (accusative singular)
lingvistus (accusative plural)
lingvista (genitive singular)
lingvistu (genitive plural)
lingvistam (dative singular)
lingvistiem (dative plural)
lingvistu (instrumental singular)
lingvistiem (instrumental plural)
lingvistā (locative singular)
lingvistos (locative plural)
lingvist (singular vocative)
lingvisti (plural vocative)

Sibīrijas aborigēnus pētī arheologi, antropologi, lingvisti, etnogrāfi un ģeogrāfi

archeologists, anthropologists, linguists, ethnographers and geographers study the Siberian aboriginals

(male) linguist (a specialist in linguistics)


ornitologs

ornitologs m (1st declension, feminine form: ornitoloģe)

ornitoloģe (feminine)
ornitologs (nominative singular)
ornitologi (nominative plural)
ornitologu (accusative singular)
ornitologus (accusative plural)
ornitologa (genitive singular)
ornitologu (genitive plural)
ornitologam (dative singular)
ornitologiem (dative plural)
ornitologu (instrumental singular)
ornitologiem (instrumental plural)
ornitologā (locative singular)
ornitologos (locative plural)
ornitolog (singular vocative)
ornitologi (plural vocative)

ornitologi apgalvo, ka Rietumeiropā palikuši tikai seši jūras ērgļu pāri

ornithologists claim that only six pairs of sea eagles remain in Western Europe

(male) ornithologist (a specialist in ornithology)


topologs

topologs m (1st declension, feminine form: topoloģe)

topoloģe (feminine)
topologs (nominative singular)
topologi (nominative plural)
topologu (accusative singular)
topologus (accusative plural)
topologa (genitive singular)
topologu (genitive plural)
topologam (dative singular)
topologiem (dative plural)
topologu (instrumental singular)
topologiem (instrumental plural)
topologā (locative singular)
topologos (locative plural)
topolog (singular vocative)
topologi (plural vocative)

(male) topologist (a specialist in topology)


zoologs

zoologs m (1st declension, feminine form: zooloģe)

zooloģe (feminine)
zoologs (nominative singular)
zoologi (nominative plural)
zoologu (accusative singular)
zoologus (accusative plural)
zoologa (genitive singular)
zoologu (genitive plural)
zoologam (dative singular)
zoologiem (dative plural)
zoologu (instrumental singular)
zoologiem (instrumental plural)
zoologā (locative singular)
zoologos (locative plural)
zoolog (singular vocative)
zoologi (plural vocative)

latviešu zoologi

(male) zoologist (a specialist in zoology)


punkts

punkts (nominative singular)
punkti (nominative plural)
punktu (accusative singular)
punktus (accusative plural)
punkta (genitive singular)
punktu (genitive plural)
punktam (dative singular)
punktiem (dative plural)
punktu (instrumental singular)
punktiem (instrumental plural)
punktā (locative singular)
punktos (locative plural)
punkt (singular vocative)
punkti (plural vocative)

stop/full stop, period (punctuation mark)


Jāzeps

First recorded in 17th century. Ultimately from Hebrew, cognate to English Joseph.


Jēkabs

First recorded in 1610. Ultimately from Hebrew, cognate to English Jacob and James.


Pēteris

Pēteris (nominative singular)
Pētei (nominative plural)
Pēteri (accusative singular)
Pēteus (accusative plural)
Pētea (genitive singular)
Pēteu (genitive plural)
Pēterim (dative singular)
Pēteiem (dative plural)
Pēteri (instrumental singular)
Pēteiem (instrumental plural)
Pēterī (locative singular)
Pēteos (locative plural)
Pēteri (singular vocative)
Pētei (plural vocative)

First recorded in 13th century. Ultimately from Ancient Greek Πέτρος (Pétros), cognate to English Peter.


Pāvils

First recorded in 1638. Ultimately from Latin Paulus . Cognate to English Paul.


Andrejs

Andrejs (nominative singular)
Andreji (nominative plural)
Andreju (accusative singular)
Andrejus (accusative plural)
Andreja (genitive singular)
Andreju (genitive plural)
Andrejam (dative singular)
Andrejiem (dative plural)
Andreju (instrumental singular)
Andrejiem (instrumental plural)
Andrejā (locative singular)
Andrejos (locative plural)
Andrej (singular vocative)
Andreji (plural vocative)

First recorded in 1204. Ultimately from Ancient Greek. Cognate to English Andrew.


Toms

First recorded in 1537. Ultimately from Aramaic. Cognate to English Thomas.

A respelling of the English male given name diminutive Tom.


Dāvids

First recorded in 1607. Ultimately from Hebrew. Cognate to English David.


Matīss

Matīss (nominative singular)
Matīsi (nominative plural)
Matīsu (accusative singular)
Matīsus (accusative plural)
Matīsa (genitive singular)
Matīsu (genitive plural)
Matīsam (dative singular)
Matīsiem (dative plural)
Matīsu (instrumental singular)
Matīsiem (instrumental plural)
Matīsā (locative singular)
Matīsos (locative plural)
Matīs (singular vocative)
Matīsi (plural vocative)

First recorded in 1388. From Latin Matthias, ultimately from Hebrew. Cognate to English Matthias and Matthew.


Matejs

First recorded in 1750. From Latin Mattheus, ultimately from Hebrew.


Marks

Marks (nominative singular)
Marki (nominative plural)
Marku (accusative singular)
Markus (accusative plural)
Marka (genitive singular)
Marku (genitive plural)
Markam (dative singular)
Markiem (dative plural)
Marku (instrumental singular)
Markiem (instrumental plural)
Markā (locative singular)
Markos (locative plural)
Mark (singular vocative)
Marki (plural vocative)

First recorded in 1582. From Latin Marcus. Cognate to English Mark.


Miķelis

First recorded in 1601. From Hebrew. Cognate to English Michael.


Stefans

First recorded in 1367. Ultimately from Ancient Greek Στέφανος (Stéphanos).


Daniels

First recorded in 1316. Ultimately from Hebrew דניּאל (daniyél). Cognate to English Daniel.


háček
marking partial palatalization:
C, [t͡s] → Č, [t͡ʃ]

háček
marking partial palatalization:
S, [s] → Š, [ʃ]

háček
marking partial palatalization:
Z, [z] → Ž, [ʒ]


loks

loks (nominative singular)
loki (nominative plural)
loku (accusative singular)
lokus (accusative plural)
loka (genitive singular)
loku (genitive plural)
lokam (dative singular)
lokiem (dative plural)
loku (instrumental singular)
lokiem (instrumental plural)
lokā (locative singular)
lokos (locative plural)
lok (singular vocative)
loki (plural vocative)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *lankás, from Proto-Indo-European *lenk- (“to bend”). From the same stem as the Latvian verb liekt (“to bend, to flex”) (q.v.), but with the vowel changed as in the iterative locīt (“to fold”). Cognates include Lithuanian lañkas (“shaft bow, (barrel) hoop, (road) bend, (shooting) bow, circle”).

cog

uzvilkt loku

loka šaušana

loka šāvējs

loks senlatviešiem, šķiet, bijis vairāk medību ierocis un kā patstāvīgs cīņas ierocis mazāk lietots

the bow of the ancient Latvians, it seems, was more used as a hunting weapon and less as a stand-alone fighting weapon

(archery) bolt (hand weapon for throwing arrows)

zirga loks

aiz kalna tikai braucēji līdz pusei un zirga galva ar kaklu un loku vēl bija redzama

from behind the hill, only half of the riders(' bodies) and the horse's head with the neck and the shaft bow was still visible

shaft bow (part of the traditional horse harness used in the Baltic countries, consisting of a wooden bow that arches over the horse's back, keeping the shafts away from the horse's sides)


Elizabete

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in 1252. Ultimately from Hebrew. Cognate with English Elizabeth.


Lidija

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in 1881. From Ancient Greek Λυδία (Ludía). Cognate with English Lydia.


Estere

Estere (nominative singular)
Esteres (nominative plural)
Esteri (accusative singular)
Esteres (accusative plural)
Esteres (genitive singular)
Esteu (genitive plural)
Esterei (dative singular)
Esterēm (dative plural)
Esteri (instrumental singular)
Esterēm (instrumental plural)
Esterē (locative singular)
Esterēs (locative plural)
Estere (singular vocative)
Esteres (plural vocative)

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in the 15th century. Cognate to English Esther.


teologs

lv-noun

teologs m (1st declension, feminine form: teoloģe)

teoloģe (feminine)
teologs (nominative singular)
teologi (nominative plural)
teologu (accusative singular)
teologus (accusative plural)
teologa (genitive singular)
teologu (genitive plural)
teologam (dative singular)
teologiem (dative plural)
teologu (instrumental singular)
teologiem (instrumental plural)
teologā (locative singular)
teologos (locative plural)
teolog (singular vocative)
teologi (plural vocative)

(male) theologian (a specialist in theology)


dziedāt

head

dziedāt (transitive or intransitive, 3rd conjugation, irregular, present dziedu, dziedi, dzied, past dziedāju)

conjugation (third-person)
dziedu (present)
dziedi (present)
dzied (present)
dziedāju (past)
dziedu (first-person indicative present singular)
dziedāju (first-person indicative past singular)
dziedāšu (first-person future indicative singular)
dziedi (indicative present second-person singular)
dziedāji (indicative past second-person singular)
dziedāsi (future indicative second-person singular)
dziedi (imperative second-person singular)
dzied (indicative present singular third-person)
dziedāja (indicative past singular third-person)
dziedās (future indicative singular third-person)
lai dzied (imperative singular third-person)
dziedam (first-person indicative plural present)
dziedājām (first-person indicative past plural)
dziedāsim (first-person future indicative plural)
dziedāsim (first-person imperative plural)
dziedat (indicative plural present second-person)
dziedājāt (indicative past plural second-person)
dziedāsiet (future indicative plural second-person)
dziedāsit (future indicative plural second-person)
dziediet (imperative plural second-person)
dzied (indicative plural present third-person)
dziedāja (indicative past plural third-person)
dziedās (future indicative plural third-person)
lai dzied (imperative plural third-person)
dziedot (present renarrative)
dziedošs (active adjectival participle participle-1 present)
esot dziedājis (past renarrative)
dziedādams (active adverbial participle participle-2 present)
dziedāšot (future renarrative)
dziedot (active adverbial participle participle-3 present)
lai dziedot (imperative)
dziedam (active participle participle-4 present)
dziedājis (active participle past)
dziedātu (conditional present)
dziedams (participle passive present)
būtu dziedājis (conditional past)
dziedāts (participle passive past)
jādzied (debitive indicative)
būt jādzied (debitive indicative)
dziedāt (infinitive)
esot jādzied (conjunctive conjunctive-1 debitive)
nedziedāt (infinitive negative)
jādziedot (conjunctive conjunctive-2 debitive)
dziedāšana (noun-from-verb)

From Proto-Baltic *geyd-, from Proto-Indo-European *gēy-, *goy-, *gī- (“to sing, to call, to shout”) with an extra -d. Originally, dziedāt was an iterative-intensive form of an earlier verb, either *gīst (< *gī-d-ti; cf, Lithuanian pra-gýsti), or *giet (< *gie- < *gēy-, from which also dziesma (“song”)).
Cognates include Lithuanian giedóti (“to sing”), pragýsti (“to begin to sing”), gáida, gaidà (“melody; singer”), Proto-Slavic *gajati (Old East Slavic гаяти (gajati, “to croak, to caw”), Russian dialectal га́ять (gájatʹ, “to yawn; to speak, to shout, to make noise; to swear, to yell at someone; to drive animals by shouting”)), Sanskrit गायति (gāyati), गाति (gā́jati, gā́ti, “to sing”), गीत (gī́ta, “having sung”), Tocharian A kāk (“he called”), Tocharian B kāka (“he called”).

cog

dziedāt operas teātrī

dziedāt pašdarbības kolektīvā

dziedāt koncertā, korī, izrādē

dziedāt titullomu operas izrādē

to sing the title role in an opera performance

to sing (to practice a vocal art; to participate in a singing group, to play a singing role in a musical performance)


maratons

maratons (nominative singular)
maratoni (nominative plural)
maratonu (accusative singular)
maratonus (accusative plural)
maratona (genitive singular)
maratonu (genitive plural)
maratonam (dative singular)
maratoniem (dative plural)
maratonu (instrumental singular)
maratoniem (instrumental plural)
maratonā (locative singular)
maratonos (locative plural)
maraton (singular vocative)
maratoni (plural vocative)

Via other European languages, ultimately borrowed from French marathon, after Ancient Greek Μαραθών (Marathṓn), a town northeast of Athens.


konsuls

konsuls (nominative singular)
konsuli (nominative plural)
konsulu (accusative singular)
konsulus (accusative plural)
konsula (genitive singular)
konsulu (genitive plural)
konsulam (dative singular)
konsuliem (dative plural)
konsulu (instrumental singular)
konsuliem (instrumental plural)
konsulā (locative singular)
konsulos (locative plural)
konsul (singular vocative)
konsuli (plural vocative)

consul (official residing in major foreign towns to represent and protect the interests of the merchants and citizens of their country)

heads of government
head of government#English

Byzantine Empire
Byzantine Empire#English

(historical) consul (either of the two heads of government and state of the Roman Republic or the equivalent nominal post under the Roman and Byzantine Empires)

heads of government
heads of government#English

(historical) consul (any of the three heads of government and state of France between 1799 and 1804)