rinda

rinda (nominative singular)
rindas (nominative plural)
rindu (accusative singular)
rindas (accusative plural)
rindas (genitive singular)
rindu (genitive plural)
rindai (dative singular)
rindām (dative plural)
rindu (instrumental singular)
rindām (instrumental plural)
rindā (locative singular)
rindās (locative plural)
rinda (singular vocative)
rindas (plural vocative)

From Proto-Baltic *rinda, maybe from Proto-Indo-European *arēydʰ-, *rēydʰ-, *h₂rey-, derived from *h₂er- (“to unite, to fit”). Cognates include Lithuanian rindà, Old Church Slavonic рѧдъ (rędŭ), Russian ряд (rjad), Bulgarian ред (red), Polish rząd, Gothic 𐍂𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽 (raidjan, “organize, define”), 𐌲𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌹𐌸𐍃 (garaiþs, “organized, ordered”), Old Norse greida (“unfold, arrange”), German bereit (“ready”), Persian رده (rade, “row, category”).


diegs

diegs (nominative singular)
diegi (nominative plural)
diegu (accusative singular)
diegus (accusative plural)
diega (genitive singular)
diegu (genitive plural)
diegam (dative singular)
diegiem (dative plural)
diegu (instrumental singular)
diegiem (instrumental plural)
diegā (locative singular)
diegos (locative plural)
dieg (singular vocative)
diegi (plural vocative)


aust

head

aust (intransitive, 1st conjugation, only 3rd person, present aust, past ausa)

conjugation (first-person)
aust (present)
ausa (past)
aust (indicative present singular third-person)
ausa (indicative past singular third-person)
ausīs (future indicative singular third-person)
lai aust (imperative singular third-person)
aust (indicative plural present third-person)
ausa (indicative past plural third-person)
ausīs (future indicative plural third-person)
lai aust (imperative plural third-person)
austot (present renarrative)
austošs (active adjectival participle participle-1 present)
esot ausis (past renarrative)
ausdams (active adverbial participle participle-2 present)
ausīšot (future renarrative)
austot (active adverbial participle participle-3 present)
lai austot (imperative)
austam (active participle participle-4 present)
ausis (active participle past)
austu (conditional present)
būtu ausis (conditional past)
jāaust (debitive indicative)
būt jāaust (debitive indicative)
aust (infinitive)
esot jāaust (conjunctive conjunctive-1 debitive)
neaust (infinitive negative)
jāaustot (conjunctive conjunctive-2 debitive)
aušana (noun-from-verb)

From an earlier *aus-ti, from Proto-Baltic *aus-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ews- (“to shine”).
Cognates include Lithuanian aũšti (< *austi), Old Church Slavonic за устра (za ustra, “early in the morning”), Hittite au(š)- (“to see, to watch”), Sanskrit उच्छति (uccháti, “to dawn”), उषस् (uṣás), उसृ (usṛ́, “dawn, morning”), Ancient Greek ἠώς (ēṓs) (< *h₂éwsōs), Latin aurōra (< *ausōsā).

cog

atmiņā aust bijušās dienas

the past days are dawning in (one's) memory

(rare, of memories) to come back, to reach awareness


aust

head

aust (transitive, 1st conjugation, present aužu, aud, auž, past aužu)

conjugation (first-person)
aužu (present)
aud (present)
auž (present)
aužu (past)
aužu (first-person indicative present singular)
audu (first-person indicative past singular)
audīšu (first-person future indicative singular)
aud (indicative present second-person singular)
audi (indicative past second-person singular)
audīsi (future indicative second-person singular)
aud (imperative second-person singular)
auž (indicative present singular third-person)
auda (indicative past singular third-person)
audīs (future indicative singular third-person)
lai auž (imperative singular third-person)
aužam (first-person indicative plural present)
audām (first-person indicative past plural)
audīsim (first-person future indicative plural)
audīsim (first-person imperative plural)
aužat (indicative plural present second-person)
audāt (indicative past plural second-person)
audīsiet (future indicative plural second-person)
audīsit (future indicative plural second-person)
audiet (imperative plural second-person)
auž (indicative plural present third-person)
auda (indicative past plural third-person)
audīs (future indicative plural third-person)
lai auž (imperative plural third-person)
aužot (present renarrative)
audošs (active adjectival participle participle-1 present)
esot audis (past renarrative)
auzdams (active adverbial participle participle-2 present)
audīšot (future renarrative)
aužot (active adverbial participle participle-3 present)
lai aužot (imperative)
aužam (active participle participle-4 present)
audis (active participle past)
austu (conditional present)
aužams (participle passive present)
būtu audis (conditional past)
austs (participle passive past)
jāauž (debitive indicative)
būt jāauž (debitive indicative)
aust (infinitive)
esot jāauž (conjunctive conjunctive-1 debitive)
neaust (infinitive negative)
jāaužot (conjunctive conjunctive-2 debitive)
aušana (noun-from-verb)

From earlier *aus-ti, from Proto-Baltic *aud-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ew-dʰ-, from *h₂ew- (“to braid, to weave”) (earlier “to tie, to bind”), with an extension in *-dʰ-. The present form comes from *aud-yō > *aužuo > aužu. Cognates include Lithuanian áusti, Proto-Slavic *usti (Russian dialectal усло (uslo, “a started fabric, canvas”)), Sanskrit ओतुः (ótuḥ, “tissue; web”).

aust linu audeklu

aust kokvilnas audumus

aužamās stelles

fabrikas audējas auž jaunu vilnas kleitu drānu

the factory weaves weave a new dress cloth/fabric

aust šitās meitas vairs neprata, vērpt negribēja

these girls can't weave anymore, and they don't want to spin (either)

to weave (to produce fabric from thread in a loom)

aust dvieļus, maisus

aust linus, vilnu

es aužu linu kreklu

tie senos rakstus auž, ko tēvi auduši

there they weave the old symbols/patterns that (our) fathers (= ancestors) (used to) weave

to weave (to produce fabric, cloth for a certain object; to produce fabric, cloth with certain patterns)

zvejnieks laivā tīklus auž

the fisherman is in (his) boat weaving his net

zirneklis auž tīklu

to weave (to make a mesh, a net, a web; also of spiders)


drāna

drāna (nominative singular)
drānas (nominative plural)
drānu (accusative singular)
drānas (accusative plural)
drānas (genitive singular)
drānu (genitive plural)
drānai (dative singular)
drānām (dative plural)
drānu (instrumental singular)
drānām (instrumental plural)
drānā (locative singular)
drānās (locative plural)
drāna (singular vocative)
drānas (plural vocative)

From Proto-Indo-European *der-, *dr- (“to tear, rip, split”) (whence also dīrāt (“to skin, flay”)), with a suffix *-eh₂, yielding *dr-eh₂ > drā-, and another suffix, either *-no-/*-nā-, or (according to Pokorny) *-p-an, with the p later reducing to zero (but still conserved in the Lithuanian and Sanskrit cognates). The semantic evolution was probably: “to skin” > “skin, fur” > “fabric”. Cognates include Lithuanian drãpana (“clothes, costume”) (dialectal also “handkerchief”, “piece of cloth”), Sanskrit द्रापिः (drāpíḥ, “coat, attire”).

cog

vilnas, zīda, linu drāna

aizkaru drāna

rūtota drāna


bebrāda

bebrāda (nominative singular)
bebrādas (nominative plural)
bebrādu (accusative singular)
bebrādas (accusative plural)
bebrādas (genitive singular)
bebrādu (genitive plural)
bebrādai (dative singular)
bebrādām (dative plural)
bebrādu (instrumental singular)
bebrādām (instrumental plural)
bebrādā (locative singular)
bebrādās (locative plural)
bebrāda (singular vocative)
bebrādas (plural vocative)

From bebra (“beaver[gen.]”) + āda (“skin”).

bebrādas apkakle, cepure

pa Brīvības bulvāri steidzās kāds kungs bebrādas kažokā

on Freedom Boulevard there rushed a gentleman in a beaver fur coat


šūt

head

šūt (transitive, 1st conjugation, present šuju, šuj, šuj, past šuvu)

conjugation (first-person)
šuju (present)
šuj (present)
šuvu (past)
šuju (first-person indicative present singular)
šuvu (first-person indicative past singular)
šūšu (first-person future indicative singular)
šuj (indicative present second-person singular)
šuvi (indicative past second-person singular)
šūsi (future indicative second-person singular)
šuj (imperative second-person singular)
šuj (indicative present singular third-person)
šuva (indicative past singular third-person)
šūs (future indicative singular third-person)
lai šuj (imperative singular third-person)
šujam (first-person indicative plural present)
šuvām (first-person indicative past plural)
šūsim (first-person future indicative plural)
šūsim (first-person imperative plural)
šujat (indicative plural present second-person)
šuvāt (indicative past plural second-person)
šūsiet (future indicative plural second-person)
šūsit (future indicative plural second-person)
šujiet (imperative plural second-person)
šuj (indicative plural present third-person)
šuva (indicative past plural third-person)
šūs (future indicative plural third-person)
lai šuj (imperative plural third-person)
šujot (present renarrative)
šujošs (active adjectival participle participle-1 present)
esot šuvis (past renarrative)
šūdams (active adverbial participle participle-2 present)
šūšot (future renarrative)
šujot (active adverbial participle participle-3 present)
lai šujot (imperative)
šujam (active participle participle-4 present)
šuvis (active participle past)
šūtu (conditional present)
šujams (participle passive present)
būtu šuvis (conditional past)
šūts (participle passive past)
jāšuj (debitive indicative)
būt jāšuj (debitive indicative)
šūt (infinitive)
esot jāšuj (conjunctive conjunctive-1 debitive)
nešūt (infinitive negative)
jāšujot (conjunctive conjunctive-2 debitive)
šūšana (noun-from-verb)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *sjū́ˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *syewh₁- (“to bind, to tie”), whence also Latvian siet (“to bind”). A historical connection between the meanings “to tie, to bind” and “to sew” is also found elsewhere (cf. Sanskrit सीव्यति (sī́vyati, “to sew”), which has an older meaning “link, bond”.) Cognates include Lithuanian siū́ti, Old Prussian schuwikis (“cobbler”, literally “shoe-sewer”), Old Church Slavonic шити (šiti), Russian шить (šitʹ), Belarusian шыць (šycʹ), Ukrainian ши́ти (šýty), Bulgarian шия (šija), Czech šíti, Polish szyć, Gothic 𐍃𐌹𐌿𐌾𐌰𐌽 (siujan), Old Norse sýja, Old High German siuwan, Sanskrit स्यूत (syūta), Latin suō.

cog

šūt audekla gabalus

šūt uzvalku, kažoku

šūt zābakus

šūt pārvalku

šūt piedurkni

šūt vīli

šūt ar adatu

šūt ar (šuj)mašīnu

viņa bija kailu galvu, moderni šūtā mētelī

she was in a modern(ly) sewn coat without a hood

māte to šuva atkal un atkal, un tā ira atkal un atkal

mother sewed it (= coat) again and again, and it unraveled again and again

to sew (to join pieces of fabric together by passing thread repeatedly on them with the help of a needle)

mūsu mikroķirurģijas centros gandrīz vai ik dienas veic vairāk vai mazāk sarežģītas operācijas, šuj asinsvadus un nervus

almost every day, in our microsurgery centers, more or less complicated operations are carried out, blood vessels and nerves are sewn

(medicine) to sew (to close (e.g., a wound) or to link organs, tissues, etc., with a special threadlike material)

šūt skārda loksnes

Ebars metināja, šuva garu šuvi... šodien vajadzētu savienot vismaz sešās vietās šo četrcollīgo cauruli

Ebars was welding, welding a long seam... today it would be necessary to connect this 4-inch pipe in at least six places

(metallurgy) to (seam-)weld (to join, e.g. metal sheets, parts, etc., with special techniques that create a connecting edge between the joined elements)


sermuļāda

sermuļāda (nominative singular)
sermuļādas (nominative plural)
sermuļādu (accusative singular)
sermuļādas (accusative plural)
sermuļādas (genitive singular)
sermuļādu (genitive plural)
sermuļādai (dative singular)
sermuļādām (dative plural)
sermuļādu (instrumental singular)
sermuļādām (instrumental plural)
sermuļādā (locative singular)
sermuļādās (locative plural)
sermuļāda (singular vocative)
sermuļādas (plural vocative)

From sermuļa (“stoat, ermine[gen.]”) + āda (“skin, fur”).

compound

sermuļādas apmetnis


caunāda

caunāda (nominative singular)
caunādas (nominative plural)
caunādu (accusative singular)
caunādas (accusative plural)
caunādas (genitive singular)
caunādu (genitive plural)
caunādai (dative singular)
caunādām (dative plural)
caunādu (instrumental singular)
caunādām (instrumental plural)
caunādā (locative singular)
caunādās (locative plural)
caunāda (singular vocative)
caunādas (plural vocative)

From caunas (“marten[gen.]”) + āda (“skin”).

caunādas cepure, kažoks

skolotāja Zālīte piespiež pieri pie šaurās, mīkstās caunādas apkakles

teacher Zālīte pressed her forehead against the narrow, soft marten (fur) collar


galdnieks

lv-noun

galdnieks m (1st declension, feminine form: galdniece)

galdniece (feminine)
galdnieks (nominative singular)
galdnieki (nominative plural)
galdnieku (accusative singular)
galdniekus (accusative plural)
galdnieka (genitive singular)
galdnieku (genitive plural)
galdniekam (dative singular)
galdniekiem (dative plural)
galdnieku (instrumental singular)
galdniekiem (instrumental plural)
galdniekā (locative singular)
galdniekos (locative plural)
galdniek (singular vocative)
galdnieki (plural vocative)

prasmīgs galdnieks

galdnieka amats

galdnieka darbs

galdnieka darbnīca

galdnieka darba rīki

galdnieku līme

carpenter's glue (for gluing wooden objects)

Jānis pēc pagastskolas beigšanas sāka mācīties par galdnieku

John, after finishing the parrish school, began to learn to be a carpenter

tagad strādāja tikai galdnieks, kur galīgi nobeidza būvi

now only a carptenter was working, who finished the building

(male) carpenter (craftsman who works on wood, making objects from it)


galdniece

galdniece f (5th declension, masculine form: galdnieks)

galdnieks (masculine)
galdniece (nominative singular)
galdnieces (nominative plural)
galdnieci (accusative singular)
galdnieces (accusative plural)
galdnieces (genitive singular)
galdnieču (genitive plural)
galdniecei (dative singular)
galdniecēm (dative plural)
galdnieci (instrumental singular)
galdniecēm (instrumental plural)
galdniecē (locative singular)
galdniecēs (locative plural)
galdniece (singular vocative)
galdnieces (plural vocative)

From galds (“table”) + -niece, or galdnieks (“carpenter”) + -e (“fem.”) (the latter with palatalization of k to c).

meitene - mēbeļu galdniece

žēl, ka neesmu galdniece

a pity that I'm not a (female) carpenter

Lilita Vitrupe, galdniece no Spuņciema

Lilita Vitrupe, a female carpenter from Spuņciems


galdniecība

galdniecība (nominative singular)
galdniecības (nominative plural)
galdniecību (accusative singular)
galdniecības (accusative plural)
galdniecības (genitive singular)
galdniecību (genitive plural)
galdniecībai (dative singular)
galdniecībām (dative plural)
galdniecību (instrumental singular)
galdniecībām (instrumental plural)
galdniecībā (locative singular)
galdniecībās (locative plural)
galdniecība (singular vocative)
galdniecības (plural vocative)

From galdnieks (“carpenter”) + -ība (with galdnieks from galds (“table”) + -nieks).

nodarboties ar galdniecību

to occupy oneself with, to be busy with, carpentry

galdniecība: Leona sapnis jau no bērnības

(singular only) carpentry (the trade of working on wood to produce objects)


adata

adata (nominative singular)
adatas (nominative plural)
adatu (accusative singular)
adatas (accusative plural)
adatas (genitive singular)
adatu (genitive plural)
adatai (dative singular)
adatām (dative plural)
adatu (instrumental singular)
adatām (instrumental plural)
adatā (locative singular)
adatās (locative plural)
adata (singular vocative)
adatas (plural vocative)

Traditionally derived from the same stem as adīt (“to knit”) (with an extra -at): Proto-Baltic *ad-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁edʰ-, *h₁odʰ- (“pointed, sharp”); Derksen finds the derivation semantically attractive, but is skeptical of it in relation to Latin ebulum (“dwarf-elder, danewort”). Cognates include Lithuanian ãdata.

šujamā adata

lāpāmā adata

adāmadata

ķirurģiskā adata

adatas acs

adata ar lielu aci

ievērt diegu adatā

to thread (lit. to insert thread into) a needle

sieva paņēma adatu ar diegu un gribēja sašūt plēsumu svārkos

(his) wife took a needle and thread and wanted to sew the tear in (his) suit coat

šīs daļas ada ar smalkākām adatām

these parts (of the pullover) one knits with finer needles

needle (a long, thin, pointy tool for sewing or knitting, usually made of metal)


adīt

head

adīt (transitive, 3rd conjugation, present adu, adi, ada, past adīju)

conjugation (third-person)
adu (present)
adi (present)
ada (present)
adīju (past)
adu (first-person indicative present singular)
adīju (first-person indicative past singular)
adīšu (first-person future indicative singular)
adi (indicative present second-person singular)
adīji (indicative past second-person singular)
adīsi (future indicative second-person singular)
adi (imperative second-person singular)
ada (indicative present singular third-person)
adīja (indicative past singular third-person)
adīs (future indicative singular third-person)
lai ada (imperative singular third-person)
adām (first-person indicative plural present)
adījām (first-person indicative past plural)
adīsim (first-person future indicative plural)
adīsim (first-person imperative plural)
adāt (indicative plural present second-person)
adījāt (indicative past plural second-person)
adīsiet (future indicative plural second-person)
adīsit (future indicative plural second-person)
adiet (imperative plural second-person)
ada (indicative plural present third-person)
adīja (indicative past plural third-person)
adīs (future indicative plural third-person)
lai ada (imperative plural third-person)
adot (present renarrative)
adošs (active adjectival participle participle-1 present)
esot adījis (past renarrative)
adīdams (active adverbial participle participle-2 present)
adīšot (future renarrative)
adot (active adverbial participle participle-3 present)
lai adot (imperative)
adām (active participle participle-4 present)
adījis (active participle past)
adītu (conditional present)
adāms (participle passive present)
būtu adījis (conditional past)
adīts (participle passive past)
jāada (debitive indicative)
būt jāada (debitive indicative)
adīt (infinitive)
esot jāada (conjunctive conjunctive-1 debitive)
neadīt (infinitive negative)
jāadot (conjunctive conjunctive-2 debitive)
adīšana (noun-from-verb)

Originally the iterative form of an older verb meaning “to prickle,” probably *ast, *est (on the model of vadīt, vest), from *ed-ti, *ad-ti, from Proto-Baltic *ad-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁edʰ-, *h₁odʰ- (“pointed, sharp”).

adīt džemperi

adīt rakstu

prast adīt

adīta jaka

Stine adīja zeķes un cimdus

Lavīze negulēja; sēdēja kaktā aiz skapja un adīja

Lavīze did not sleep; she sat in the corner behind the wardrobe and knitted

to knit (to make a fabric by forming thread loops and pulling them through each other with special needles)


pergaments

pergaments (nominative singular)
pergamenti (nominative plural)
pergamentu (accusative singular)
pergamentus (accusative plural)
pergamenta (genitive singular)
pergamentu (genitive plural)
pergamentam (dative singular)
pergamentiem (dative plural)
pergamentu (instrumental singular)
pergamentiem (instrumental plural)
pergamentā (locative singular)
pergamentos (locative plural)
pergament (singular vocative)
pergamenti (plural vocative)

Via other European languages, ultimately borrowed from Latin pergamīna, from Ancient Greek Περγαμηνός (Pergamēnós, “of Pergamon”), which is named for the Ancient city of Pergamon (modern Bergama) in Asia Minor, where it was invented as an expensive alternative for papyrus.

uder

pergamentam bija vajadzīgs jauns tintes sastāvs, tāds, kas stabili ieēstos ādā

the parchment needed a new kind of ink, one that would eat into the skin

ledusskapī glabājamie produkti jāietin pergamenta, folija vai polietilēna, tā produkti neapkaltīs

foodstuffs to be conserved in a refrigerator must be wrapped in parchment, foil or polyethylene, so that they don't become dry on the surface

parchment (material made from animal skin and used for writing)

zem stikla vitrīnas muzejā mierīgi atdusas lielākais armēņu pergaments pasaulē

under the glass showcase of the museum was, resting peacefully, the biggest Armenian perchment in the world

es simtgadīgo ķieģeļu kaudzē atradu vecu manuskriptu... tas bija arābu burtiem ar melnu un sarkanu tušu aprakstīts pergaments

I found an old manuscript in a pile of hundred-year-old bricks... it was a parchment covered with Arabic letters in black and red ink

parchment (such material covered with writing)


uzgalis

uzgalis (nominative singular)
uzgaļi (nominative plural)
uzgali (accusative singular)
uzgaļus (accusative plural)
uzgaļa (genitive singular)
uzgaļu (genitive plural)
uzgalim (dative singular)
uzgaļiem (dative plural)
uzgali (instrumental singular)
uzgaļiem (instrumental plural)
uzgalī (locative singular)
uzgaļos (locative plural)
uzgali (singular vocative)
uzgaļi (plural vocative)


šujmašīna

šujmašīna (nominative singular)
šujmašīnas (nominative plural)
šujmašīnu (accusative singular)
šujmašīnas (accusative plural)
šujmašīnas (genitive singular)
šujmašīnu (genitive plural)
šujmašīnai (dative singular)
šujmašīnām (dative plural)
šujmašīnu (instrumental singular)
šujmašīnām (instrumental plural)
šujmašīnā (locative singular)
šujmašīnās (locative plural)
šujmašīna (singular vocative)
šujmašīnas (plural vocative)