art

head

art (transitive, 1st conjugation, present aru, ar, ar, past aru)

conjugation (first-person)
aru (present)
ar (present)
aru (past)
aru (first-person indicative present singular)
aru (first-person indicative past singular)
aršu (first-person future indicative singular)
ar (indicative present second-person singular)
ari (indicative past second-person singular)
arsi (future indicative second-person singular)
ar (imperative second-person singular)
ar (indicative present singular third-person)
ara (indicative past singular third-person)
ars (future indicative singular third-person)
lai ar (imperative singular third-person)
aram (first-person indicative plural present)
arām (first-person indicative past plural)
arsim (first-person future indicative plural)
arsim (first-person imperative plural)
arat (indicative plural present second-person)
arāt (indicative past plural second-person)
arsiet (future indicative plural second-person)
arsit (future indicative plural second-person)
ariet (imperative plural second-person)
ar (indicative plural present third-person)
ara (indicative past plural third-person)
ars (future indicative plural third-person)
lai ar (imperative plural third-person)
arot (present renarrative)
arošs (active adjectival participle participle-1 present)
esot aris (past renarrative)
ardams (active adverbial participle participle-2 present)
aršot (future renarrative)
arot (active adverbial participle participle-3 present)
lai arot (imperative)
aram (active participle participle-4 present)
aris (active participle past)
artu (conditional present)
arams (participle passive present)
būtu aris (conditional past)
arts (participle passive past)
jāar (debitive indicative)
būt jāar (debitive indicative)
art (infinitive)
esot jāar (conjunctive conjunctive-1 debitive)
neart (infinitive negative)
jāarot (conjunctive conjunctive-2 debitive)
aršana (noun-from-verb)

From Proto-Baltic [Term?], from Proto-Indo-European *h₂erh₃- (“to plow”), from *h₁er- (“sparse; to crumble, to fall to pieces”), whence also the verb irt; see there for more.
Cognates include Lithuanian árti, Old Prussian artoys (“plowman”) (compare Lithuanian artójas), Old Church Slavonic орати (orati), Russian dialectal or dated ора́ть (orátʹ), Belarusian ара́ць (arácʹ), Ukrainian ора́ти (oráty), Bulgarian ора́ (orá), Czech orati, Polish orać, Gothic 𐌰𐍂𐌾𐌰𐌽 (arjan), Old Norse erja, Hittite [Term?] (/ẖarra-/, “to crush; (passive form) to disappear”), [Term?] (/ẖarš-/, “to tear open; to plow”), Ancient Greek ἀρόω (aróō), Latin arō.

cog

art zemi

art tīrumu, lauku

art dārzu

art kūdraino augsni

art ar traktoru

papuvi ara divi traktori

iziet art agri no rīta

rudenī, rugāju arot, sekoju Jurim pa vagu un sarunājos

in autumn, while (he was) plowing the stubble field, I followed Juris along the furrows and talked

to plow (to prepare (land) for sowing by using a plow)


arums

arums (nominative singular)
arumi (nominative plural)
aruma (genitive singular)
arumu (genitive plural)
arumam (dative singular)
arumiem (dative plural)
arumu (accusative singular)
arumus (accusative plural)
arumu (instrumental singular)
arumiem (instrumental plural)
arumā (locative singular)
arumos (locative plural)
arum (singular vocative)
arumi (plural vocative)

staigāt, brist pa arumiem

noecēt arumus

klons krogā stipri bedrains un nelīdzens, gandrīz kā arumi

the earthen floor in the tavern was very bumpy, uneven, almost like plowed earth

(chiefly in the plural) plowed soil, plowed area, tillage; the layer of soil that is overturned by plowing


erozija

erozija (nominative singular)
erozijas (nominative plural)
erozijas (genitive singular)
eroziju (genitive plural)
erozijai (dative singular)
erozijām (dative plural)
eroziju (accusative singular)
erozijas (accusative plural)
eroziju (instrumental singular)
erozijām (instrumental plural)
erozijā (locative singular)
erozijās (locative plural)
erozija (singular vocative)
erozijas (plural vocative)

Via other European languages, ultimately borrowed from Latin ērōsiō, an action nominal derived from the verb ērōdō (“to gnaw away, to corrode”). It was adapted to fit Latvian grammatical patterns ( + -ija).

augsnes erozija

vējš ir viens no spēcīgākajiem augsnes erozija faktoriem

the wind is one of the most important factors in soil erosion

(agriculture, geology) erosion (destructive effect of natural external forces (wind, water, etc. on the surface of the earth, its soil, rocks, etc.)


tornis

tornis (nominative singular)
torņi (nominative plural)
torņa (genitive singular)
torņu (genitive plural)
tornim (dative singular)
torņiem (dative plural)
torni (accusative singular)
torņus (accusative plural)
torni (instrumental singular)
torņiem (instrumental plural)
tornī (locative singular)
torņos (locative plural)
torni (singular vocative)
torņi (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Middle Low German torn or Middle Dutch toorn or an East Frisian word (compare West Frisian toer; also compare German Turm), itself a borrowing, via Old Frisian torn, from Latin turris (accusative turrem). A dialectal German form Turn, borrowed as turnis, would in the Kurzeme dialects yield tornis (with [uo]). This word is first mentioned in 17th-century dictionaries.

baznīcas, pils tornis

skatu, novērošanas tornis

ugunsdzēsēju tornis

televīzijas tornis

cietokšņa tornis

vadības tornis

koka, tērauda tornis

dzelzsbetona tornis

torņa augša

torņa pulkstenis

tower (tall, cylindrical or similarly shaped structure in a building)

skābbarības tornis

tank, silo (large vertical building used to store grain)

iesaistīt torni spēlē

(chess) rook (chess piece shaped like a castle tower)


dārzs

dārzs (nominative singular)
dārzi (nominative plural)
dārza (genitive singular)
dārzu (genitive plural)
dārzam (dative singular)
dārziem (dative plural)
dārzu (accusative singular)
dārzus (accusative plural)
dārzu (instrumental singular)
dārziem (instrumental plural)
dārzā (locative singular)
dārzos (locative plural)
dārz (singular vocative)
dārzi (plural vocative)

This word has the same origin as zārds (“rickstand”) (q.v.), from which it originated by metathesis. The different intonation (dārzs has a falling [àː], while
zārds has a level [āː]) is probably explained by the change in meaning, and may have preceded the metathesis; cf. the intonation change in Lithuanian žárdas (“forked branch, rickstand”), žárdis (“pole”), but žar̃dis (“horse, cattle corral; (arch.) garden”). The meaning change would then have been: “wooden structure” > “fence” > “fenced area” (cf. below zirgu dārzs “horse corral”, and metaphorically also mēness dārzs “moon ring”) > “garden.” Cognates include Lithuanian dar̃žas.

zirgu dārzs

koku dārzs

limber corral (enclosure in a watercourse for floating timber, felled trees)

tas nebūs aploks, bet vistu dārzs

that will not be a corral, but (just) a chicken pen

enclosure for holding animals, corral, pen


sēklinieks

sēklinieks (nominative singular)
sēklinieki (nominative plural)
sēklinieka (genitive singular)
sēklinieku (genitive plural)
sēkliniekam (dative singular)
sēkliniekiem (dative plural)
sēklinieku (accusative singular)
sēkliniekus (accusative plural)
sēklinieku (instrumental singular)
sēkliniekiem (instrumental plural)
sēkliniekā (locative singular)
sēkliniekos (locative plural)
sēkliniek (singular vocative)
sēklinieki (plural vocative)

(agriculture) plant, fruit cultivated for its seeds


dārznieks

lv-noun

dārznieks m (1st declension, feminine form: dārzniece)

dārzniece (feminine)
dārznieks (nominative singular)
dārznieki (nominative plural)
dārznieka (genitive singular)
dārznieku (genitive plural)
dārzniekam (dative singular)
dārzniekiem (dative plural)
dārznieku (accusative singular)
dārzniekus (accusative plural)
dārznieku (instrumental singular)
dārzniekiem (instrumental plural)
dārzniekā (locative singular)
dārzniekos (locative plural)
dārzniek (singular vocative)
dārznieki (plural vocative)


augļu dārzs

augļu dārzs (nominative singular)
augļu dārzi (nominative plural)
augļu dārza (genitive singular)
augļu dārzu (genitive plural)
augļu dārzam (dative singular)
augļu dārziem (dative plural)
augļu dārzu (accusative singular)
augļu dārzus (accusative plural)
augļu dārzu (instrumental singular)
augļu dārziem (instrumental plural)
augļu dārzā (locative singular)
augļu dārzos (locative plural)
augļu dārz (singular vocative)
augļu dārzi (plural vocative)

visa Latvija ir kā viens augļu dārzs

Ja vasara bija sausa, augļu dārzs bija jālaista

if summer was dry, the orchard must be watered

orchard (an area for the cultivation of fruit trees; the trees cultivated in this area)


dārzeņkopība

dārzeņkopība (nominative singular)
dārzeņkopības (genitive singular)
dārzeņkopībai (dative singular)
dārzeņkopību (accusative singular)
dārzeņkopību (instrumental singular)
dārzeņkopībā (locative singular)
dārzeņkopība (singular vocative)

From dārzenis (“vegetable”) + kopība (“community, system”).

compound

vegetable gardening (the growing of vegetables for human consumption); market gardening


dārzkopis

lv-noun

dārzkopis m (2nd declension, feminine form: dārzkope)

dārzkope (feminine)
dārzkopis (nominative singular)
dārzkopji (nominative plural)
dārzkopja (genitive singular)
dārzkopju (genitive plural)
dārzkopim (dative singular)
dārzkopjiem (dative plural)
dārzkopi (accusative singular)
dārzkopjus (accusative plural)
dārzkopi (instrumental singular)
dārzkopjiem (instrumental plural)
dārzkopī (locative singular)
dārzkopjos (locative plural)
dārzkopi (singular vocative)
dārzkopji (plural vocative)

A back-formation from dārzkopība, coined in 1872 by Krišjānis Valdemārs and Fricis Brīvzemnieks.

kolhoza dārzkopis atcerējās, ka viņš ilgus gadus mācījies kopt dārzu augus, iekārtojis saimniekam siltumnīcu

the kolkhoz gardener, horticulturist remembered how he had spent many years learning how to take care of the garden plants and arranged the farmers' greenhouse


dārzkope

dārzkope f (5th declension, masculine form: dārzkopis)

dārzkopis (masculine)
dārzkope (nominative singular)
dārzkopes (nominative plural)
dārzkopes (genitive singular)
dārzkopju (genitive plural)
dārzkopei (dative singular)
dārzkopēm (dative plural)
dārzkopi (accusative singular)
dārzkopes (accusative plural)
dārzkopi (instrumental singular)
dārzkopēm (instrumental plural)
dārzkopē (locative singular)
dārzkopēs (locative plural)
dārzkope (singular vocative)
dārzkopes (plural vocative)

From dārzkopis (“horticulturist, gardener”) + -e (“fem.”).

suffix

pieredzējusī dārzkope Sarma Žurčinska nesen pārgrieza ķirbi, kurš viņas virtuvē glabājas kopš pērnā rudens, un bija ļoti pārsteigta, ka uz ķirbju sēkliņām ieraudzīja dīvainus hieroglifiem līdzīgus simbolus

experienced horticulturist Sarma Žurčinska recently cut a pumpkin which had been in her kitchen since last autumn and was very surprised when she saw strange symbols similar to hieroglyphs on the pumpkin seeds


dārzkopība

dārzkopība (nominative singular)
dārzkopības (genitive singular)
dārzkopībai (dative singular)
dārzkopību (accusative singular)
dārzkopību (instrumental singular)
dārzkopībā (locative singular)
dārzkopība (singular vocative)

A 19th-century neologism, coined, from dārzs (“garden”) + kopība (“community, system”), by Krišjānis Valdemārs and Fricis Brīvzemnieks in 1872 (with kopība from kopa (“group”) + -ība).


papuve

papuve (nominative singular)
papuves (nominative plural)
papuves (genitive singular)
papuvju (genitive plural)
papuvei (dative singular)
papuvēm (dative plural)
papuvi (accusative singular)
papuves (accusative plural)
papuvi (instrumental singular)
papuvēm (instrumental plural)
papuvē (locative singular)
papuvēs (locative plural)
papuve (singular vocative)
papuves (plural vocative)

From pa- (“a little”) + puve (“rotting”), with puve from the past stem puv- of the verb pūt (“to rot”).

atstāt zemi papuvē

papuvju aršana

papuves kultūras

tīrā papuve

fallow where no crops grow (lit. clean fallow)

melnā papuve

fallow which is kept with fertilizer and where weeds are systematically destroyed (lit. black fallow)

fallow, fallow land (land left unseeded for a year)


klēts

klēts (nominative singular)
klētis (nominative plural)
klēts (genitive singular)
klēšu (genitive plural)
klētij (dative singular)
klētīm (dative plural)
klēti (accusative singular)
klētis (accusative plural)
klēti (instrumental singular)
klētīm (instrumental plural)
klētī (locative singular)
klētīs (locative plural)
klēts (singular vocative)
klētis (plural vocative)

From the same stem as the verb celt (“to raise”); the actual form underwent metathesis (*keltis > *klētis > klēts). The original meaning was probably “raised, elevated building.” Cognates include Lithuanian klė́tis, Old Prussian clenan, Old Church Slavonic клѣть (klětĭ), Russian клеть (kletʹ), Belarusian клець (kljecʹ), Ukrainian кліть (klitʹ), Bulgarian клет (klet), Czech klec, Polish kleć. (Some researchers believe that the Slavic terms result from an early borrowing from Baltic.)

labības klēts

savest, sabērt ražu klētīs

to bring, to store the harvest in the granaries, barns

klēts apcirkņi

Ukraina bija Padomju savienības maizes klēts

Ukraine was the breadbasket of the Soviet Union

granary, barn (storage building for grain or animal feed)


minerālmēsli

minerālmēsli (nominative plural)
minerālmēslu (genitive plural)
minerālmēsliem (dative plural)
minerālmēslus (accusative plural)
minerālmēsliem (instrumental plural)
minerālmēslos (locative plural)
minerālmēsli (plural vocative)

From minerāls (“mineral”) + mēsli (“excrement”).

slāpekļa minerālmēsli

minerālmēslu deva

kompleksie minerālmēslu

complex fertilizers (with more than one nutrient)

fertilizer (mineral nutrients necessary for plants)


kūts

kūts (nominative singular)
kūtis (nominative plural)
kūts (genitive singular)
kūtu (genitive plural)
kūtij (dative singular)
kūtīm (dative plural)
kūti (accusative singular)
kūtis (accusative plural)
kūti (instrumental singular)
kūtīm (instrumental plural)
kūtī (locative singular)
kūtīs (locative plural)
kūts (singular vocative)
kūtis (plural vocative)

There are diverging theories on the origin of this word. The most likely derives it from the past particle of an old unattested verb *kūt (“to hit, to strike”), whence also kūja (“stick, pole”) (q.v.); the original meaning would be “hit (one)”, “driven, stuck (into the ground)”, referring to the fact that primitive animal barns or sheds were little more than fenced enclosures made with poles or sticks driven into the ground (the farm buildings which inherited the name appeared only in the 9th-10th century). The original participle, probably an a-stem (*kūtas), became an i-stem (*kūtis > kūts), possibly under the influence of other i-stem farm building names like klēts (“barn, granary”), pirts (“bath”). Another hypothesis is that the long ū might come from an earlier un, in which case kūts would be related to Proto-Slavic *kǫťa (“house”) (Bulgarian къща (kǎšta, “house”), Russian куча (kuča), кут (kut, “corner, nook”)). The Lithuanian cognates (kūtìs, kū̃tė), however, have ū instead of the expected un, which weakens this hypothesis.

govju kūts

putnu kūts

cūku kūts, cūkkūts

kūts mēsli, kūtsmēsli

dziļā kūts

deep barn (provided with a manure storage space)

seklā kūts

shallow barn (one without a manure storage space)

sadzīt lopus kūtī

(animal) barn, shed, pen, sty (building in a farm for keeping animals)


cūkkūts

cūkkūts (nominative singular)
cūkkūtis (nominative plural)
cūkkūts (genitive singular)
cūkkūtu (genitive plural)
cūkkūtij (dative singular)
cūkkūtīm (dative plural)
cūkkūti (accusative singular)
cūkkūtis (accusative plural)
cūkkūti (instrumental singular)
cūkkūtīm (instrumental plural)
cūkkūtī (locative singular)
cūkkūtīs (locative plural)
cūkkūts (singular vocative)
cūkkūtis (plural vocative)

From cūku (“pig[gen.pl.]”) + kūts (“barn, shed”).

200 metrus tālāk redz jauno cūkkūti, kur šogad pirmo reizi pārziemo cūkas

200 meters further one sees a new pigsty, where this year for the first time the pigs would spend the winter

sty, pigsty (a pen or sty for keeping pigs)


kūtsmēsli

kūtsmēsli (nominative plural)
kūtsmēslu (genitive plural)
kūtsmēsliem (dative plural)
kūtsmēslus (accusative plural)
kūtsmēsliem (instrumental plural)
kūtsmēslos (locative plural)
kūtsmēsli (plural vocative)

From kūts (“barn, shed”) + mēsli (“excrements”).

kūtsmēslu krātuve

kūtsmēslu uzglabāšana

kūtsmēslu izvešana, izvākšana

kūtsmēsli satur visas augiem nepieciešamās barības vielas

manure contains all the nutrients necessary for plants

manure (mixture of farm animal excrement and bedding used as fertilizer)


arkls

arkls (nominative singular)
arkli (nominative plural)
arkla (genitive singular)
arklu (genitive plural)
arklam (dative singular)
arkliem (dative plural)
arklu (accusative singular)
arklus (accusative plural)
arklu (instrumental singular)
arkliem (instrumental plural)
arklā (locative singular)
arklos (locative plural)
arkl (singular vocative)
arkli (plural vocative)

Cognate to Lithuanian arklas. From Proto-Baltic *arklas, masculine counterpart of an earlier *arkla, from *árˀtla, from *artra, from Proto-Indo-European (< *h₂érh₃trom, from *h₂erh₃- (“to plow”) — whence also the verb art, q.v. —, ultimately from *h₁er- “sparse; to crumble, to fall to pieces,” with an instrumental suffix *-trom). Cognates include Old Irish arathar, Middle High German arl, Ancient Greek ἄροτρον (árotron), Latin arātrum. (A separate meaning of "land measure" comes from an earlier variant arklis, originally (13th century) the amount of land that could be plowed with one horse and one plow, later on much more than that; by the late 18th century, arkls and arklis had merged back into one word.)

vispārējas nozīmes arkls

divlemešu, pieclemešu arkls

zirgvilkmes arkls

traktorvilkmes, traktora arkls

iejūgt zirgu arklā

to harness the horse to (lit. in) the plow

iet aiz arkla

likt pie arkla

to put (someone) at the plow (= to make him/her plow)

sniega arkls

plow (device pulled through the ground to break it open into furrows for planting)


lemesis

lemesis (nominative singular)
lemeši (nominative plural)
lemeša (genitive singular)
lemešu (genitive plural)
lemesim (dative singular)
lemešiem (dative plural)
lemesi (accusative singular)
lemešus (accusative plural)
lemesi (instrumental singular)
lemešiem (instrumental plural)
lemesī (locative singular)
lemešos (locative plural)
lemesi (singular vocative)
lemeši (plural vocative)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *lémešis. From the same stem as the verb lemt (“to decide, to resolve”) in its old meaning, “to break.” Cognates include Lithuanian lẽmežis (“plowshare; part of the plow where the plowshare fits”), Russian ле́мех (lémex, “plowshare”), Czech lemes, Polish lemiesz.

cog

divlemešu arkls

spīļarkla lemeši

lemeša asmens

lemeša smaile

plowshare (cutting edge of a plow, usually a blade)


arājs

arājs (nominative singular)
arāji (nominative plural)
arāja (genitive singular)
arāju (genitive plural)
arājam (dative singular)
arājiem (dative plural)
arāju (accusative singular)
arājus (accusative plural)
arāju (instrumental singular)
arājiem (instrumental plural)
arājā (locative singular)
arājos (locative plural)
arāj (singular vocative)
arāji (plural vocative)

Apparently a mixture of arējs (“(temporary) plowman”) and an unattested form *artājs, from art (“to plow”) + -ājs. Cognates include Proto-Slavic *ortajь (archaic Russian ратай (rataj), Old Church Slavonic ра́тай (rátaj)).

arājs stingri turēja arklu

arājs nāca tīrumā art

arājs ara un gani ganīja

the plowman plows and the shepherds tend (the sheep)

plowman (person who plows the land (with a horse-drawn plow)


arējs

arējs (nominative singular)
arēji (nominative plural)
arēja (genitive singular)
arēju (genitive plural)
arējam (dative singular)
arējiem (dative plural)
arēju (accusative singular)
arējus (accusative plural)
arēju (instrumental singular)
arējiem (instrumental plural)
arējā (locative singular)
arējos (locative plural)
arēj (singular vocative)
arēji (plural vocative)

rezultātā Latvijas astroloģijā katrs ir savas vagas arējs

in result, in Latvian astrology, everyone is the plowman of his/her own furrow

manā īpašumā nonācis īstens darba zirgs, zemes arējs

a real work horse has come into my possession, a plower of land


dārzniecība

dārzniecība (nominative singular)
dārzniecības (nominative plural)
dārzniecības (genitive singular)
dārzniecību (genitive plural)
dārzniecībai (dative singular)
dārzniecībām (dative plural)
dārzniecību (accusative singular)
dārzniecības (accusative plural)
dārzniecību (instrumental singular)
dārzniecībām (instrumental plural)
dārzniecībā (locative singular)
dārzniecībās (locative plural)
dārzniecība (singular vocative)
dārzniecības (plural vocative)

A 19th-century neologism, coined, from dārznieks (“gardener”) + -ība, with palatalization of k to c (and with dārznieks from dārzs (“garden”) + -nieks), by K. Valdemārs and F. Brīvzemnieks in 1872.

pilsētas dārzniecības

a city's horticultural enterprises, market gardens

dārzniecības siltumnīcas

market greenhouses (lit. horticultural enterprise greenhouses)

pirkt puķu dēstus dārzniecībā

to buy flower seedlings at a horticultural company

krāšņu ziedu netrūkst ne ziemā, ne vasarā; tos apgādā pilsētas dārzniecība

gorgeous flowers are not lacking in winter, nor in summer; the city market gardens supply them

vegetable, fruit farm; market garden; horticultural enterprise (large garden for profit)


aizgalds

aizgalds (nominative singular)
aizgaldi (nominative plural)
aizgalda (genitive singular)
aizgaldu (genitive plural)
aizgaldam (dative singular)
aizgaldiem (dative plural)
aizgaldu (accusative singular)
aizgaldus (accusative plural)
aizgaldu (instrumental singular)
aizgaldiem (instrumental plural)
aizgaldā (locative singular)
aizgaldos (locative plural)
aizgald (singular vocative)
aizgaldi (plural vocative)

From aiz- + galds (“table; (archaic) log, board”).

prefix

vislielākais aizgalds pagrabā bija aizņemts ar kartupeļiem, kuri aizsedza gandrīz visu pakaļējo akmens sienu

the largest comparment in the basement was taken (= filled) with potatoes, which hid most of the rear stone wall

(dialectal) compartment under a building, in a basement or cellar


strādāt

head

strādāt (transitive or intransitive, 2nd conjugation, present strādāju, strādā, strādā, past strādāju)

conjugation (second-person)
strādāju (present)
strādā (present)
strādāju (past)
strādāju (first-person indicative present singular)
strādāju (first-person indicative past singular)
strādāšu (first-person future indicative singular)
strādā (indicative present second-person singular)
strādāji (indicative past second-person singular)
strādāsi (future indicative second-person singular)
strādā (imperative second-person singular)
strādā (indicative present singular third-person)
strādāja (indicative past singular third-person)
strādās (future indicative singular third-person)
lai strādā (imperative singular third-person)
strādājam (first-person indicative plural present)
strādājām (first-person indicative past plural)
strādāsim (first-person future indicative plural)
strādāsim (first-person imperative plural)
strādājat (indicative plural present second-person)
strādājāt (indicative past plural second-person)
strādāsiet (future indicative plural second-person)
strādāsit (future indicative plural second-person)
strādājiet (imperative plural second-person)
strādā (indicative plural present third-person)
strādāja (indicative past plural third-person)
strādās (future indicative plural third-person)
lai strādā (imperative plural third-person)
strādājot (present renarrative)
strādājošs (active adjectival participle participle-1 present)
esot strādājis (past renarrative)
strādādams (active adverbial participle participle-2 present)
strādāšot (future renarrative)
strādājot (active adverbial participle participle-3 present)
lai strādājot (imperative)
strādājam (active participle participle-4 present)
strādājis (active participle past)
strādātu (conditional present)
strādājams (participle passive present)
būtu strādājis (conditional past)
strādāts (participle passive past)
jāstrādā (debitive indicative)
būt jāstrādā (debitive indicative)
strādāt (infinitive)
esot jāstrādā (conjunctive conjunctive-1 debitive)
nestrādāt (infinitive negative)
jāstrādājot (conjunctive conjunctive-2 debitive)
strādāšana (noun-from-verb)

Borrowed from Old East Slavic страдати (stradati, “to strive; to work hard; to suffer”); cf. Russian страда́ть (stradátʹ, “to suffer”), also dialectal страда́ (stradá, “time of hard (farm) work; hard (farm) work”). This loanword is first mentioned in 17th-century dictionaries.

cog

smilts augsne ir irdena, viegli strādājama, ātri iesislst, bet arī ātri atdziest

sand soil is light, easy to work, it warms up quickly but it also cools quickly

(agriculture, transitive) to prepare land for sowing


augļkopis

lv-noun

augļkopis m (2nd declension, feminine form: augļkope)

augļkope (feminine)
augļkopis (nominative singular)
augļkopji (nominative plural)
augļkopja (genitive singular)
augļkopju (genitive plural)
augļkopim (dative singular)
augļkopjiem (dative plural)
augļkopi (accusative singular)
augļkopjus (accusative plural)
augļkopi (instrumental singular)
augļkopjiem (instrumental plural)
augļkopī (locative singular)
augļkopjos (locative plural)
augļkopi (singular vocative)
augļkopji (plural vocative)

augļkopim jau ar koka iestādīšanas dienu jāsāk rūpēties par spēcīga stumbra izveidošanu, kā arī mizas un koksnes pasargāšanu no jebkādiem bojājumiem

from the day of the planting of the tree the fruit grower must start taking care of the formation of a strong trunk and of the protection of the bark and wood from any damage

skolas jaunie naturālisti ieguvuši čaklu augļkopju slavu: viņi no sēkliņām izaudzējuši vairāk nekā 3000 jaunu ābelīšu

the school's young naturalists had earned the fame of diligent fruit growers: from seeds, they had grown over 3000 new apple trees

(male) fruit grower (specialist in fruit growing)


augļkope

augļkope f (5th declension, masculine form: augļkopis)

augļkopis (masculine)
augļkope (nominative singular)
augļkopes (nominative plural)
augļkopes (genitive singular)
augļkopju (genitive plural)
augļkopei (dative singular)
augļkopēm (dative plural)
augļkopi (accusative singular)
augļkopes (accusative plural)
augļkopi (instrumental singular)
augļkopēm (instrumental plural)
augļkopē (locative singular)
augļkopēs (locative plural)
augļkope (singular vocative)
augļkopes (plural vocative)

From augļkopis (“fruit grower”) + -e (“fem.”).

suffix

bordo šķīdumu, kas arī ir vara preparāts, iesaka pat Māra Kilēvica, zvērināta augļkope, kas iestājas pret ķīmiju!

the deep red solution, which is also a copper preparate, is recommended by Māra Kilēvica herself, a sworn fruit grower who is against chemistry!


augļkopība

augļkopība (nominative singular)
augļkopības (genitive singular)
augļkopībai (dative singular)
augļkopību (accusative singular)
augļkopību (instrumental singular)
augļkopībā (locative singular)
augļkopība (singular vocative)

From augļu (“fruit[gen.]”) + kopība (“community”) (with kopība from kopa (“group”) + -ība).

compound

augļkopības brigāde

augļkopības mehanizācija

Latvijas klimata un augsnes apstākļi ir piemēroti augļkopībai

the climate and soil conditions of Latvia are suitable for fruit production

fruit growing, cultivation, production; the science of fruit cultivation


pļaujmašīna

pļaujmašīna (nominative singular)
pļaujmašīnas (nominative plural)
pļaujmašīnas (genitive singular)
pļaujmašīnu (genitive plural)
pļaujmašīnai (dative singular)
pļaujmašīnām (dative plural)
pļaujmašīnu (accusative singular)
pļaujmašīnas (accusative plural)
pļaujmašīnu (instrumental singular)
pļaujmašīnām (instrumental plural)
pļaujmašīnā (locative singular)
pļaujmašīnās (locative plural)
pļaujmašīna (singular vocative)
pļaujmašīnas (plural vocative)

From pļaut (present stem: pļauj-) + mašīna.

pļaut <small>(present stem: pļauj-</small>)

zāles pļaujmašīna

labības pļaujmašīna

rindu pļaujmašīna

pļaujmašīna brauca un tikai grieza un grieza... katrai sējējai vajadzēja paspēt sasiet kūlīšus savā gabalā

the harvester started cutting and cutting... each sower had to manage tie up sheaves in one piece

harvester, reaper, mower, header (a machine for harvesting, reaping or mowing)


pļaut

head

pļaut (transitive, 1st conjugation, present pļauju, pļauj, pļauj, past pļāvu)

conjugation (first-person)
pļauju (present)
pļauj (present)
pļāvu (past)
pļauju (first-person indicative present singular)
pļāvu (first-person indicative past singular)
pļaušu (first-person future indicative singular)
pļauj (indicative present second-person singular)
pļāvi (indicative past second-person singular)
pļausi (future indicative second-person singular)
pļauj (imperative second-person singular)
pļauj (indicative present singular third-person)
pļāva (indicative past singular third-person)
pļaus (future indicative singular third-person)
lai pļauj (imperative singular third-person)
pļaujam (first-person indicative plural present)
pļāvām (first-person indicative past plural)
pļausim (first-person future indicative plural)
pļausim (first-person imperative plural)
pļaujat (indicative plural present second-person)
pļāvāt (indicative past plural second-person)
pļausiet (future indicative plural second-person)
pļausit (future indicative plural second-person)
pļaujiet (imperative plural second-person)
pļauj (indicative plural present third-person)
pļāva (indicative past plural third-person)
pļaus (future indicative plural third-person)
lai pļauj (imperative plural third-person)
pļaujot (present renarrative)
pļaujošs (active adjectival participle participle-1 present)
esot pļāvis (past renarrative)
pļaudams (active adverbial participle participle-2 present)
pļaušot (future renarrative)
pļaujot (active adverbial participle participle-3 present)
lai pļaujot (imperative)
pļaujam (active participle participle-4 present)
pļāvis (active participle past)
pļautu (conditional present)
pļaujams (participle passive present)
būtu pļāvis (conditional past)
pļauts (participle passive past)
jāpļauj (debitive indicative)
būt jāpļauj (debitive indicative)
pļaut (infinitive)
esot jāpļauj (conjunctive conjunctive-1 debitive)
nepļaut (infinitive negative)
jāpļaujot (conjunctive conjunctive-2 debitive)
pļaušana (noun-from-verb)

From earlier *pjaut (for another example of *pj > pļ, see spļaut, from Proto-Baltic *pyau-, *pyū- (with the infinitive suffix -ti), from Proto-Indo-European *pēu-, *pyu-, *pū- (“to hit; to cut”). Cognates include Lithuanian pjauti (“to cut,” dialectally “to mow, to bite, to torment”), Old Prussian placename Gertepeawne [gertopiaun-], from gerto (“chicken”), i.e. “chicken meadow”, piuclan (“sickle”), Sudovian piaud (“to cut”), Ancient Greek παίω (paíō, “I hit, strike”), dialectal παυίω (pauíō), Latin paviō (“I hit, strike”).

cog

mūsu lielgabali atklāj pļaujošu uguni pa visu kolonnu

our guns opened intensive (lit. mowing, reaping) fire on the entire (military) column

ložmetējs pie mājas stūra atsācis šaut, tam pievienojās vēl otrs, vēl pāris rokas ložmetēju, un visi kopā tie pļāva tā, ka vācieši vairs neuzdrīkstējās ne galvu pacelt

the machine gun at the corner of the building started shooting, a second one joined it, then a few more machine guns, all together they mowed, reaped in such a way that the Germans no longer even dared raise their heads

(figuratively) to shoot intensively, repeatedly


sirpis

sirpis (nominative singular)
sirpji (nominative plural)
sirpja (genitive singular)
sirpju (genitive plural)
sirpim (dative singular)
sirpjiem (dative plural)
sirpi (accusative singular)
sirpjus (accusative plural)
sirpi (instrumental singular)
sirpjiem (instrumental plural)
sirpī (locative singular)
sirpjos (locative plural)
sirpi (singular vocative)
sirpji (plural vocative)

From Proto-Baltic *serp-, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *sírpas,, from Proto-Indo-European *ser- (“crooked tree, hook, sickle”) with an extra suffix p.
Cognates
Cognates include Proto-Slavic *sьrpъ (Russian, Ukrainian, Belarusian серп (serp), Bulgarian сърп (sǎrp), Czech srp, Serbo-Croatian срп, Polish sierp, Upper Sorbian serp, Sanskrit सृणि (sṛṇi), Ancient Greek ἅρπη (hárpē), Latin sarpō (“to cut vines”), Hittite 𒊬𒉺 (šarpa-, “farming tool”).

der

sirpis un āmurs

no rīta noskrien septiņas verstis līdz kunga druvai, ar sirpi nopļauj pūrvietu rudzu

in the morning she ran seven leagues to get to (her) lord's corn fields, (and) with a sickle she mowed the rye

sickle (hand tool with a semicircular blade used for cutting grass, cereals, etc.)

mēness sirpis

katrā mēnesī ir tikai viena pati reize, kad vakarstundā rietumu debesīs parādās jaunā mēness tievais un smailais sirpis

every month there is only one time when, at night, in the western sky, the thin, pointed crescent (sickle) of the new moon appears

crescent (an object or arrangement, especially the moon, in the form of a sickle, with tapering extremities), a moonsickle


izkapts

izkapts (nominative singular)
izkaptis (nominative plural)
izkapts (genitive singular)
izkapšu (genitive plural)
izkaptij (dative singular)
izkaptīm (dative plural)
izkapti (accusative singular)
izkaptis (accusative plural)
izkapti (instrumental singular)
izkaptīm (instrumental plural)
izkaptī (locative singular)
izkaptīs (locative plural)
izkapts (singular vocative)
izkaptis (plural vocative)

Derived from an older verb *kapt (“to hit”) (cf. Lithuanian kàpti (“to chop, to hit”)), whence also kapāt.

asa izkapts

izkapts kāts

izkapts labi kož

asināt izkapti

pļaut sienu ar izkapi

Tibils sameklēja otru izkapti,... uzasināja

Tibils found a second scythe... (and) sharpened it

scythe (farming tool consisting of a bent blade attached to a long handle (a snath), used for cutting grass, cereals, etc.)


biedēklis

biedēklis (nominative singular)
biedēkļi (nominative plural)
biedēkļa (genitive singular)
biedēkļu (genitive plural)
biedēklim (dative singular)
biedēkļiem (dative plural)
biedēkli (accusative singular)
biedēkļus (accusative plural)
biedēkli (instrumental singular)
biedēkļiem (instrumental plural)
biedēklī (locative singular)
biedēkļos (locative plural)
biedēkli (singular vocative)
biedēkļi (plural vocative)

From biedē(t) (“to scare, to frighten”) + -klis, apparently via a form *biedētlis.

suffix

putnu biedēklis

viņš jau izskatās pēc biedēkļa

ļaudis lika pie cāļiem, pīlēniem un zoslēniem bērnus par sargiem, kuriem bija uzdots nelaist vārnas tuvumā... kur nebija bērnu, tur ar viltu taisīja biedēkļus, lai vismaz notālēm izskatītos, ka te nolikti bērni

people had children guard chicks, ducklings and gooselings, with the task of not letting crows come close... where there were no children, they craftly made scarecrows, so that it would look from a distance as if there were children there

an object, an image that causes fear, with which one tries to scare people or animals away


piķēt

head

piķēt (transitive, 2nd conjugation, present piķēju, piķē, piķē, past piķēju)

conjugation (second-person)
piķēju (present)
piķē (present)
piķēju (past)
piķēju (first-person indicative present singular)
piķēju (first-person indicative past singular)
piķēšu (first-person future indicative singular)
piķē (indicative present second-person singular)
piķēji (indicative past second-person singular)
piķēsi (future indicative second-person singular)
piķē (imperative second-person singular)
piķē (indicative present singular third-person)
piķēja (indicative past singular third-person)
piķēs (future indicative singular third-person)
lai piķē (imperative singular third-person)
piķējam (first-person indicative plural present)
piķējām (first-person indicative past plural)
piķēsim (first-person future indicative plural)
piķēsim (first-person imperative plural)
piķējat (indicative plural present second-person)
piķējāt (indicative past plural second-person)
piķēsiet (future indicative plural second-person)
piķēsit (future indicative plural second-person)
piķējiet (imperative plural second-person)
piķē (indicative plural present third-person)
piķēja (indicative past plural third-person)
piķēs (future indicative plural third-person)
lai piķē (imperative plural third-person)
piķējot (present renarrative)
piķējošs (active adjectival participle participle-1 present)
esot piķējis (past renarrative)
piķēdams (active adverbial participle participle-2 present)
piķēšot (future renarrative)
piķējot (active adverbial participle participle-3 present)
lai piķējot (imperative)
piķējam (active participle participle-4 present)
piķējis (active participle past)
piķētu (conditional present)
piķējams (participle passive present)
būtu piķējis (conditional past)
piķēts (participle passive past)
jāpiķē (debitive indicative)
būt jāpiķē (debitive indicative)
piķēt (infinitive)
esot jāpiķē (conjunctive conjunctive-1 debitive)
nepiķēt (infinitive negative)
jāpiķējot (conjunctive conjunctive-2 debitive)
piķēšana (noun-from-verb)


saimniecība

saimniecība (nominative singular)
saimniecības (nominative plural)
saimniecības (genitive singular)
saimniecību (genitive plural)
saimniecībai (dative singular)
saimniecībām (dative plural)
saimniecību (accusative singular)
saimniecības (accusative plural)
saimniecību (instrumental singular)
saimniecībām (instrumental plural)
saimniecībā (locative singular)
saimniecībās (locative plural)
saimniecība (singular vocative)
saimniecības (plural vocative)

economy (system of activities and relationships connected to the production, use, and management of resources)


biškopis

lv-noun

biškopis m (2nd declension, feminine form: biškope)

biškope (feminine)
biškopis (nominative singular)
biškopji (nominative plural)
biškopja (genitive singular)
biškopju (genitive plural)
biškopim (dative singular)
biškopjiem (dative plural)
biškopi (accusative singular)
biškopjus (accusative plural)
biškopi (instrumental singular)
biškopjiem (instrumental plural)
biškopī (locative singular)
biškopjos (locative plural)
biškopi (singular vocative)
biškopji (plural vocative)

A back-formation from biškopība (“beekeeping”).


biškopība

biškopība (nominative singular)
biškopības (genitive singular)
biškopībai (dative singular)
biškopību (accusative singular)
biškopību (instrumental singular)
biškopībā (locative singular)
biškopība (singular vocative)

From bišu, genitive plural form of bite (“bee”) + kopība (“community, system”), with kopība from kopa (“group”) + -ība. Compare augļkopība (“fruit growing”), dārzeņkopība (“vegetable growing”), dārzkopība (“horticulture”).


biškope

lv-noun

biškope f (5th declension, masculine form: biškopis)

biškopis (masculine)
biškope (nominative singular)
biškopes (nominative plural)
biškopes (genitive singular)
biškopju (genitive plural)
biškopei (dative singular)
biškopēm (dative plural)
biškopi (accusative singular)
biškopes (accusative plural)
biškopi (instrumental singular)
biškopēm (instrumental plural)
biškopē (locative singular)
biškopēs (locative plural)
biškope (singular vocative)
biškopes (plural vocative)

From biškopis (“beekeeper”) + -e (feminine ending).

suffix

beekeeper, apiarist (female equivalent of biškopis)


siltumnīca

siltumnīca (nominative singular)
siltumnīcas (nominative plural)
siltumnīcas (genitive singular)
siltumnīcu (genitive plural)
siltumnīcai (dative singular)
siltumnīcām (dative plural)
siltumnīcu (accusative singular)
siltumnīcas (accusative plural)
siltumnīcu (instrumental singular)
siltumnīcām (instrumental plural)
siltumnīcā (locative singular)
siltumnīcās (locative plural)
siltumnīca (singular vocative)
siltumnīcas (plural vocative)

greenhouse, hothouse (a covered above-ground structure with a natural or artificial microclimate)


kultūraugs

kultūraugs (nominative singular)
kultūraugi (nominative plural)
kultūrauga (genitive singular)
kultūraugu (genitive plural)
kultūraugam (dative singular)
kultūraugiem (dative plural)
kultūraugu (accusative singular)
kultūraugus (accusative plural)
kultūraugu (instrumental singular)
kultūraugiem (instrumental plural)
kultūraugā (locative singular)
kultūraugos (locative plural)
kultūraug (singular vocative)
kultūraugi (plural vocative)