plats

head

plats (definite platais, comparative platāks, superlative visplatākais, adverb plati)

platais (definite)
platāks (comparative)
visplatākais (superlative)
plati (adverb)
plats (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
plati (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
plata (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
platas (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
platu (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
platus (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
platu (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
platas (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
plata (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
platu (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
platas (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
platu (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
platam (dative indefinite masculine singular)
platiem (dative indefinite masculine plural)
platai (dative feminine indefinite singular)
platām (dative feminine indefinite plural)
platu (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
platiem (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
platu (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
platām (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
platā (indefinite locative masculine singular)
platos (indefinite locative masculine plural)
platā (feminine indefinite locative singular)
platās (feminine indefinite locative plural)

From Proto-Baltic *platús, from *pl̥th₂us < *pleth₂- (“flat”). In Latvian, former u-stem adjectives were assimilated into other classes; *platus gave rise to both an o-stem and a yo-stem variant which later on became independent words, plats and plašs, with different semantic nuances (compare also dobs and dobjš, or ass and ašs); this separation began in the 18th century but became complete only in the 1870s. Cognates include Lithuanian platùs, Old Prussian plat- (from a placename, Platmedyen, where median = “forest”), Sanskrit पृथु (pṛthu, “broad, wide, great, powerful”), Ancient Greek πλατύς (platús, “broad, wide, flat, smooth”).

cog

platais patskanis

platais e, ē ― broad, lax e, ē (i.e., [æ] instead of [ɛ])

(phonetics) broad, lax (pronounced with relatively large mouth opening)


verbs

verbs (nominative singular)
verbi (nominative plural)
verbu (accusative singular)
verbus (accusative plural)
verba (genitive singular)
verbu (genitive plural)
verbam (dative singular)
verbiem (dative plural)
verbu (instrumental singular)
verbiem (instrumental plural)
verbā (locative singular)
verbos (locative plural)
verb (singular vocative)
verbi (plural vocative)

Via other European languages, ultimately borrowed from Latin verbum (“word”).

refleksīvie verbi

pārejošie (transitīvie) verbi

nepārejošie (intransitīvie) verbi

verba kategorijas

verba pamatformas

verba konjugācija

verbu atvasināšana

(grammar) verb (a word that indicates an action, event or state; the head of the predicate)


runa

runa (nominative singular)
runas (nominative plural)
runu (accusative singular)
runas (accusative plural)
runas (genitive singular)
runu (genitive plural)
runai (dative singular)
runām (dative plural)
runu (instrumental singular)
runām (instrumental plural)
runā (locative singular)
runās (locative plural)
runa (singular vocative)
runas (plural vocative)

From Proto-Indo-European *reu-, *ru-, imitative of speech sounds (from which also Latvian rūkt (“to roar, growl, snarl”), Russian рычать (ryčatʹ, “to roar, growl, snarl”)) with a suffix *-nā. Cognates include Old Irish run, Gothic 𐍂𐌿𐌽𐌰 (rūna, “secret, mystery”) (i.e., that which is said as a secret), Old English rūn, Old Saxon rūna, Middle Low German rūne (“mysterious whisper; runic character”), Old Norse rýna (“to talk secretly”), Old English rūnian (“to whisper; to plot, conspire”), Old High German rūnēn, German raunen (“to whisper”). Latvian runa probably also meant originally “solemn speech” (maybe “mystic ritual”?); still in the 17-19th centuries it was often used to indicate some special kind of communication (e.g., runas dot “to give advice”, lit. “to give talk”, or runas diena “council meeting”, lit. “talking day”).

tiešā, netiešā runa

(grammar) speech (direct or indirect presentation of someone's words)


adverbs

adverbs (nominative singular)
adverbi (nominative plural)
adverbu (accusative singular)
adverbus (accusative plural)
adverba (genitive singular)
adverbu (genitive plural)
adverbam (dative singular)
adverbiem (dative plural)
adverbu (instrumental singular)
adverbiem (instrumental plural)
adverbā (locative singular)
adverbos (locative plural)
adverb (singular vocative)
adverbi (plural vocative)

Via other European languages, ultimately borrowed from Latin adverbium.

atvasināt adverbus no adjektīviem

(grammar) adverb (a word used to modify a verb, an adjective, an adverb, a phrase or a clause)


gramatika

lv-noun

gramatika f (^(???) please provide the declension type!)


lingvistika

lingvistika (nominative singular)
lingvistiku (accusative singular)
lingvistikas (genitive singular)
lingvistikai (dative singular)
lingvistiku (instrumental singular)
lingvistikā (locative singular)
lingvistika (singular vocative)

matemātiskā lingvistika

linguistics (science that studies language)


lietvārds

lietvārds (nominative singular)
lietvārdi (nominative plural)
lietvārdu (accusative singular)
lietvārdus (accusative plural)
lietvārda (genitive singular)
lietvārdu (genitive plural)
lietvārdam (dative singular)
lietvārdiem (dative plural)
lietvārdu (instrumental singular)
lietvārdiem (instrumental plural)
lietvārdā (locative singular)
lietvārdos (locative plural)
lietvārd (singular vocative)
lietvārdi (plural vocative)

From lieta (“thing, object”) + vārds (“word”), a calque of German Dingwort coined by Juris Neikens in 1850 as lietu-vārds; after some variation (A. Stērste had lietas vārds in 1879, and also K. Mīlenbahs in 1895), J. Pārstrauts suggested the form lietvārds in 1881, which eventually became accepted as standard in the 1940s.

compound

lietvārds daudzskaitļa formā

lietvārdu celmi

lietvārda dzimte

lietvārda deklinācijas

(grammar) noun (a word used to refer to an entity, concept or idea)


garums

garums (nominative singular)
garumi (nominative plural)
garumu (accusative singular)
garumus (accusative plural)
garuma (genitive singular)
garumu (genitive plural)
garumam (dative singular)
garumiem (dative plural)
garumu (instrumental singular)
garumiem (instrumental plural)
garumā (locative singular)
garumos (locative plural)
garum (singular vocative)
garumi (plural vocative)

patskaņa garumu apzīmē ar svītru virs attiecīgā burta

vowel length is marked with a bar above the corresponding letter

(phonetics, phonology) length (longer pronunciation of a vowel or consonant)


vārdnīca

vārdnīca (nominative singular)
vārdnīcas (nominative plural)
vārdnīcu (accusative singular)
vārdnīcas (accusative plural)
vārdnīcas (genitive singular)
vārdnīcu (genitive plural)
vārdnīcai (dative singular)
vārdnīcām (dative plural)
vārdnīcu (instrumental singular)
vārdnīcām (instrumental plural)
vārdnīcā (locative singular)
vārdnīcās (locative plural)
vārdnīca (singular vocative)
vārdnīcas (plural vocative)


valoda

valoda (nominative singular)
valodas (nominative plural)
valodu (accusative singular)
valodas (accusative plural)
valodas (genitive singular)
valodu (genitive plural)
valodai (dative singular)
valodām (dative plural)
valodu (instrumental singular)
valodām (instrumental plural)
valodā (locative singular)
valodās (locative plural)
valoda (singular vocative)
valodas (plural vocative)

Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *wel- (“to tear, to spend”).
Cognates include Latgalian volūda (“id.”), Lithuanian valandà (“hour, moment, time”).
Alternatively related to Proto-West Slavic *volati (“to call”). Confer Polish wołać, Czech volat.


pronomens

pronomens (nominative singular)
pronomeni (nominative plural)
pronomenu (accusative singular)
pronomenus (accusative plural)
pronomena (genitive singular)
pronomenu (genitive plural)
pronomenam (dative singular)
pronomeniem (dative plural)
pronomenu (instrumental singular)
pronomeniem (instrumental plural)
pronomenā (locative singular)
pronomenos (locative plural)
pronomen (singular vocative)
pronomeni (plural vocative)

Via other European languages, ultimately borrowed from Latin prōnōmen (“pronoun”).

pronomenu deklinēšana

(grammar) pronoun (a word used to refer anaphorically to a noun or noun phrase)


diftongs

diftongs (nominative singular)
diftongi (nominative plural)
diftongu (accusative singular)
diftongus (accusative plural)
diftonga (genitive singular)
diftongu (genitive plural)
diftongam (dative singular)
diftongiem (dative plural)
diftongu (instrumental singular)
diftongiem (instrumental plural)
diftongā (locative singular)
diftongos (locative plural)
diftong (singular vocative)
diftongi (plural vocative)

A borrowing, via some other European language, ultimately from Ancient Greek δίφθογγος (díphthongos, “two sounds”), from δίς (dís, “twice”) and φθόγγος (phthóngos, “sound”).

uder

diftonga komponenti

(phonetics, phonology) diphthong (sequence of two different vowels pronounced in one syllable)


partikula

partikula (nominative singular)
partikulas (nominative plural)
partikulu (accusative singular)
partikulas (accusative plural)
partikulas (genitive singular)
partikulu (genitive plural)
partikulai (dative singular)
partikulām (dative plural)
partikulu (instrumental singular)
partikulām (instrumental plural)
partikulā (locative singular)
partikulās (locative plural)
partikula (singular vocative)
partikulas (plural vocative)

Via other European languages, ultimately borrowed from Latin particula (“small part, particle”), the diminutive form of pars (“part, piece”).

bor

apgalvojuma partikula

nolieguma partikula

pastriprinājuma partikula

latviešu literārajā valodā ir arī partikulas, kas ir vecs mantojums no indoeiropiešu pamatvalodas... tādas ir partikulas vis, ne, nē

in the Latvian literary language there are also particles that are old inheritances from the Indo-European protolanguage... such are the particles vis, ne, nē

(grammar) grammatical particle (a word that does not belong to any word classes but has a clear grammatical function)


lingvists

lv-noun

lingvists m (1st declension, feminine form: lingviste)

lingviste (feminine)
lingvists (nominative singular)
lingvisti (nominative plural)
lingvistu (accusative singular)
lingvistus (accusative plural)
lingvista (genitive singular)
lingvistu (genitive plural)
lingvistam (dative singular)
lingvistiem (dative plural)
lingvistu (instrumental singular)
lingvistiem (instrumental plural)
lingvistā (locative singular)
lingvistos (locative plural)
lingvist (singular vocative)
lingvisti (plural vocative)

Sibīrijas aborigēnus pētī arheologi, antropologi, lingvisti, etnogrāfi un ģeogrāfi

archeologists, anthropologists, linguists, ethnographers and geographers study the Siberian aboriginals

(male) linguist (a specialist in linguistics)


tulkojums

tulkojums (nominative singular)
tulkojumi (nominative plural)
tulkojumu (accusative singular)
tulkojumus (accusative plural)
tulkojuma (genitive singular)
tulkojumu (genitive plural)
tulkojumam (dative singular)
tulkojumiem (dative plural)
tulkojumu (instrumental singular)
tulkojumiem (instrumental plural)
tulkojumā (locative singular)
tulkojumos (locative plural)
tulkojum (singular vocative)
tulkojumi (plural vocative)

From tulkot (past stem: tulkoj-) (“to translate”) + -ums.

suffix

tulkot <small>(past stem: tulkoj-</small>)

labs, vājš tulkojums

burtisks tulkojums

adekvāts tulkojums

konģeniāls tulkojums

tulkojuma kvalitāte

tulkojums no vācu valodas

lasīt romānu latviskā tulkojumā

izdot stāsta tulkojumu

translation (action or result of converting a text (sentence, word, etc.) from one language into another)

sapņa tulkojums


particips

particips (nominative singular)
participi (nominative plural)
participu (accusative singular)
participus (accusative plural)
participa (genitive singular)
participu (genitive plural)
participam (dative singular)
participiem (dative plural)
participu (instrumental singular)
participiem (instrumental plural)
participā (locative singular)
participos (locative plural)
particip (singular vocative)
participi (plural vocative)

Via other European languages, ultimately borrowed from Latin participium (“participle”).

participu deklinēšana

(linguistics, grammar) participle (a verb form having both verbal and adjectival or adverbial properties)


laiks

laiks (nominative singular)
laiki (nominative plural)
laiku (accusative singular)
laikus (accusative plural)
laika (genitive singular)
laiku (genitive plural)
laikam (dative singular)
laikiem (dative plural)
laiku (instrumental singular)
laikiem (instrumental plural)
laikā (locative singular)
laikos (locative plural)
laik (singular vocative)
laiki (plural vocative)


uzvārds

uzvārds (nominative singular)
uzvārdi (nominative plural)
uzvārdu (accusative singular)
uzvārdus (accusative plural)
uzvārda (genitive singular)
uzvārdu (genitive plural)
uzvārdam (dative singular)
uzvārdiem (dative plural)
uzvārdu (instrumental singular)
uzvārdiem (instrumental plural)
uzvārdā (locative singular)
uzvārdos (locative plural)
uzvārd (singular vocative)
uzvārdi (plural vocative)


vārds

vārds (nominative singular)
vārdi (nominative plural)
vārdu (accusative singular)
vārdus (accusative plural)
vārda (genitive singular)
vārdu (genitive plural)
vārdam (dative singular)
vārdiem (dative plural)
vārdu (instrumental singular)
vārdiem (instrumental plural)
vārdā (locative singular)
vārdos (locative plural)
vārd (singular vocative)
vārdi (plural vocative)

From Proto-Baltic *wardas, a masculine parallel form to neuter *wardan, from Proto-Indo-European *werdʰh₁om (“word”), from the stem *werh₁- (“to speak, say, talk”) with an extra element -dʰo. Note the typical Baltic polysemy between “name” and “word”, since the Proto-Indo-European term for “name”, still conserved in Old Prussian emnes, emmens (< Proto-Indo-European *h₁nómn̥), was lost and replaced by *werdʰo-. Cognates include Lithuanian var̃das, Old Prussian wīrds, wirds, Sudovian ward, Russian врать (vratʹ, “to lie”), Belarusian вярзці́ (vjarzcí, “to lie”), Ukrainian верзти́ (verztý, “to lie”), Proto-Germanic *wurdą (Gothic 𐍅𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌳 (waurd), German Wort, English word, Icelandic orð), Hittite ḫurt- (“to load, to charge”) (: weriya- “to say”), Sanskrit व्रत (vrata, “vow, command”), Ancient Greek εἴρω (eírō, “to say”) (< *weryō), Latin verbum.


ģenitīvs

ģenitīvs (nominative singular)
ģenitīvu (accusative singular)
ģenitīva (genitive singular)
ģenitīvam (dative singular)
ģenitīvu (instrumental singular)
ģenitīvā (locative singular)
ģenitīv (singular vocative)

Via other European languages, ultimately borrowed from Latin genitīvus.


nominatīvs

nominatīvs (nominative singular)
nominatīvu (accusative singular)
nominatīva (genitive singular)
nominatīvam (dative singular)
nominatīvu (instrumental singular)
nominatīvā (locative singular)
nominatīv (singular vocative)

Via other European languages, ultimately from Latin nōminātīvus.


datīvs

datīvs (nominative singular)
datīvu (accusative singular)
datīva (genitive singular)
datīvam (dative singular)
datīvu (instrumental singular)
datīvā (locative singular)
datīv (singular vocative)

Via other European languages, ultimately borrowed from Latin datīvus.


vokatīvs

vokatīvs (nominative singular)
vokatīvu (accusative singular)
vokatīva (genitive singular)
vokatīvam (dative singular)
vokatīvu (instrumental singular)
vokatīvā (locative singular)
vokatīv (singular vocative)

Via other European languages, ultimately borrowed from Latin vocātīvus.


instrumentālis

instrumentālis (nominative singular)
instrumentāli (accusative singular)
instrumentāļa (genitive singular)
instrumentālim (dative singular)
instrumentāli (instrumental singular)
instrumentālī (locative singular)
instrumentāli (singular vocative)

Via other European languages, ultimately borrowed from Latin instrumentālis.


akuzatīvs

akuzatīvs (nominative singular)
akuzatīvu (accusative singular)
akuzatīva (genitive singular)
akuzatīvam (dative singular)
akuzatīvu (instrumental singular)
akuzatīvā (locative singular)
akuzatīv (singular vocative)

Via other European languages, ultimately borrowed from Latin accūsātīvus.

akuzatīvs atbild uz jautājumu “ko?”

the accusative answers the question 'whom?'

grammatical case
grammatical case#English

(grammar) accusative case (the grammatical case that marks the direct object)


lokatīvs

lokatīvs (nominative singular)
lokatīvu (accusative singular)
lokatīva (genitive singular)
lokatīvam (dative singular)
lokatīvu (instrumental singular)
lokatīvā (locative singular)
lokatīv (singular vocative)

Via other European languages, ultimately borrowed from Latin locātīvus.


daudzskaitlis

daudzskaitlis (nominative singular)
daudzskaitli (accusative singular)
daudzskaitļa (genitive singular)
daudzskaitlim (dative singular)
daudzskaitli (instrumental singular)
daudzskaitlī (locative singular)
daudzskaitli (singular vocative)

From daudz + skaitlis, a calque of German Mehrzahl.

Lietvārdi var būt locīti gan vienskaitlī, gan daudzskaitlī.

Nouns can be inflected both in the singular and in the plural.


vienskaitlis

vienskaitlis (nominative singular)
vienskaitli (accusative singular)
vienskaitļa (genitive singular)
vienskaitlim (dative singular)
vienskaitli (instrumental singular)
vienskaitlī (locative singular)
vienskaitli (singular vocative)

From vien + skaitlis, a calque of German Einzahl.


valodnieks

lv-noun

valodnieks m (1st declension, feminine form: valodniece)

valodniece (feminine)
valodnieks (nominative singular)
valodnieki (nominative plural)
valodnieku (accusative singular)
valodniekus (accusative plural)
valodnieka (genitive singular)
valodnieku (genitive plural)
valodniekam (dative singular)
valodniekiem (dative plural)
valodnieku (instrumental singular)
valodniekiem (instrumental plural)
valodniekā (locative singular)
valodniekos (locative plural)
valodniek (singular vocative)
valodnieki (plural vocative)


darbības vārds

darbības vārds (nominative singular)
darbības vārdi (nominative plural)
darbības vārdu (accusative singular)
darbības vārdus (accusative plural)
darbības vārda (genitive singular)
darbības vārdu (genitive plural)
darbības vārdam (dative singular)
darbības vārdiem (dative plural)
darbības vārdu (instrumental singular)
darbības vārdiem (instrumental plural)
darbības vārdā (locative singular)
darbības vārdos (locative plural)
darbības vārd (singular vocative)
darbības vārdi (plural vocative)

Literally 'action word', apparently a calque of German Tätigkeitswort coined by Pēteris Abuls in 1902, which soon became the accepted standard instead of previous coinages, such as K. Mīlenbahs' izteiksmes vārds (“expression word”) or laika vārds (“time word”) (compare German Zeitwort), or J. Neikens' 1850 term darīšanas vārds (“making word”).

darbības vārdu locīšana

nenoteiksme (infinitīvs) ir darbības vārda pamatforma

the infinitive is the basic form of a verb


valodniecība

valodniecība (nominative singular)
valodniecību (accusative singular)
valodniecības (genitive singular)
valodniecībai (dative singular)
valodniecību (instrumental singular)
valodniecībā (locative singular)
valodniecība (singular vocative)

From valodnieks (“linguist”) + -ība (with k > c via palatalization).

vispārīgā valodniecība

sinhroniskā valodniecība

diahroniskā valodniecība

salīdzināmi vēsturiskā valodniecība

deskriptīvā valodniecība

strukturālā valodniecība

matemātiskā valodniecība

teorētiskā valodniecība

linguistics (science that studies languages, their characteristics, structure, functioning, development, and classification)


skaitlis

skaitlis (nominative singular)
skaitļi (nominative plural)
skaitli (accusative singular)
skaitļus (accusative plural)
skaitļa (genitive singular)
skaitļu (genitive plural)
skaitlim (dative singular)
skaitļiem (dative plural)
skaitli (instrumental singular)
skaitļiem (instrumental plural)
skaitlī (locative singular)
skaitļos (locative plural)
skaitli (singular vocative)
skaitļi (plural vocative)


īpašības vārds

īpašības vārds (nominative singular)
īpašības vārdi (nominative plural)
īpašības vārdu (accusative singular)
īpašības vārdus (accusative plural)
īpašības vārda (genitive singular)
īpašības vārdu (genitive plural)
īpašības vārdam (dative singular)
īpašības vārdiem (dative plural)
īpašības vārdu (instrumental singular)
īpašības vārdiem (instrumental plural)
īpašības vārdā (locative singular)
īpašības vārdos (locative plural)
īpašības vārd (singular vocative)
īpašības vārdi (plural vocative)

Literally “quality/property word,” a calque of German Eigenschaftswort coined by J. Neikens in 1850 and accepted by A. Kronvalds.

īpašības vārdi ir patstāvīgi vārdi, kas nosauc priekšmetu pazīmes

adjectives are independent words that designate the features of an object

(grammar) adjective (a word used to qualify or modify a noun)


interjekcija

interjekcija (nominative singular)
interjekcijas (nominative plural)
interjekciju (accusative singular)
interjekcijas (accusative plural)
interjekcijas (genitive singular)
interjekciju (genitive plural)
interjekcijai (dative singular)
interjekcijām (dative plural)
interjekciju (instrumental singular)
interjekcijām (instrumental plural)
interjekcijā (locative singular)
interjekcijās (locative plural)
interjekcija (singular vocative)
interjekcijas (plural vocative)

Via other European languages, ultimately borrowed from Latin interiectiō (“interjection”).

interjekcija ir nelokāma vārdšķira

interjection is an uninflectable word class

(grammar) interjection (a word or phrase used as an exclamation, often as an expression of emotion)


adjektīvs

adjektīvs (nominative singular)
adjektīvi (nominative plural)
adjektīvu (accusative singular)
adjektīvus (accusative plural)
adjektīva (genitive singular)
adjektīvu (genitive plural)
adjektīvam (dative singular)
adjektīviem (dative plural)
adjektīvu (instrumental singular)
adjektīviem (instrumental plural)
adjektīvā (locative singular)
adjektīvos (locative plural)
adjektīv (singular vocative)
adjektīvi (plural vocative)

Via other European languages, ultimately borrowed from Latin adiectīvus (“adjective”).

adjektīvu locīšana

adjektīvu salīdzināmās pakāpes


substantīvs

substantīvs (nominative singular)
substantīvi (nominative plural)
substantīvu (accusative singular)
substantīvus (accusative plural)
substantīva (genitive singular)
substantīvu (genitive plural)
substantīvam (dative singular)
substantīviem (dative plural)
substantīvu (instrumental singular)
substantīviem (instrumental plural)
substantīvā (locative singular)
substantīvos (locative plural)
substantīv (singular vocative)
substantīvi (plural vocative)

Via other European languages, ultimately borrowed from Latin substantīvus (“substantive, self-existent”).

bor

verbāls substantīvs


prepozīcija

prepozīcija (nominative singular)
prepozīcijas (nominative plural)
prepozīciju (accusative singular)
prepozīcijas (accusative plural)
prepozīcijas (genitive singular)
prepozīciju (genitive plural)
prepozīcijai (dative singular)
prepozīcijām (dative plural)
prepozīciju (instrumental singular)
prepozīcijām (instrumental plural)
prepozīcijā (locative singular)
prepozīcijās (locative plural)
prepozīcija (singular vocative)
prepozīcijas (plural vocative)

Via other European languages, ultimately borrowed from Latin praepositiō (“preposition”).

prepozīcija ir nelokāma vārdsķira

preposition is an uninflectable word class

(grammar) preposition (a word used to build a phrase with a noun to express an adverbial notion)


konjunkcija

konjunkcija (nominative singular)
konjunkcijas (nominative plural)
konjunkciju (accusative singular)
konjunkcijas (accusative plural)
konjunkcijas (genitive singular)
konjunkciju (genitive plural)
konjunkcijai (dative singular)
konjunkcijām (dative plural)
konjunkciju (instrumental singular)
konjunkcijām (instrumental plural)
konjunkcijā (locative singular)
konjunkcijās (locative plural)
konjunkcija (singular vocative)
konjunkcijas (plural vocative)

Via other European languages, ultimately borrowed from Latin coniūnctiō (“conjunction”).

saiklis jeb konjunkcija ir vārdšķira

conjunction (saiklis) or conjunction (konjunckija) is a word class

(grammar) conjunction (a word used to join words or phrases into sentences)


numerālis

numerālis (nominative singular)
numerāļi (nominative plural)
numerāli (accusative singular)
numerāļus (accusative plural)
numerāļa (genitive singular)
numerāļu (genitive plural)
numerālim (dative singular)
numerāļiem (dative plural)
numerāli (instrumental singular)
numerāļiem (instrumental plural)
numerālī (locative singular)
numerāļos (locative plural)
numerāli (singular vocative)
numerāļi (plural vocative)

Via other European languages, ultimately borrowed from Latin numerālis (“numeral”).

decimāls numerālis

adjektīva un numerāļa izveide

the formation of adjectives and numerals

numerāļu locījumu formas

(grammar) numeral (a word used to indicate a number)


izsauksmes vārds

izsauksmes vārds (nominative singular)
izsauksmes vārdi (nominative plural)
izsauksmes vārdu (accusative singular)
izsauksmes vārdus (accusative plural)
izsauksmes vārda (genitive singular)
izsauksmes vārdu (genitive plural)
izsauksmes vārdam (dative singular)
izsauksmes vārdiem (dative plural)
izsauksmes vārdu (instrumental singular)
izsauksmes vārdiem (instrumental plural)
izsauksmes vārdā (locative singular)
izsauksmes vārdos (locative plural)
izsauksmes vārd (singular vocative)
izsauksmes vārdi (plural vocative)

izsauksmes vārdi ir skaniski signāli, kas vēstī par psihiskiem stāvokļiem

interjections are sound signals that tell about mental states


saiklis

saiklis (nominative singular)
saikļi (nominative plural)
saikli (accusative singular)
saikļus (accusative plural)
saikļa (genitive singular)
saikļu (genitive plural)
saiklim (dative singular)
saikļiem (dative plural)
saikli (instrumental singular)
saikļiem (instrumental plural)
saiklī (locative singular)
saikļos (locative plural)
saikli (singular vocative)
saikļi (plural vocative)

From the same stem as the verb siet (“to tie, to bind”), with vowel change (ie > ai; cf. saite) and an extra suffix tl: *saitl- > saiklis. The original meaning was that of “tie,” “rope” (now saite), still attested dialectally; later on it took its current grammatical meaning, replacing earlier proposed forms like jūgu-vardiņi, biedrotājs and saišķis.

vienojuma, vienojamais saiklis

pretstatījuma, pretstata saiklis

paskaidrojuma saiklis

pieļāvuma saiklis


prievārds

prievārds (nominative singular)
prievārdi (nominative plural)
prievārdu (accusative singular)
prievārdus (accusative plural)
prievārda (genitive singular)
prievārdu (genitive plural)
prievārdam (dative singular)
prievārdiem (dative plural)
prievārdu (instrumental singular)
prievārdiem (instrumental plural)
prievārdā (locative singular)
prievārdos (locative plural)
prievārd (singular vocative)
prievārdi (plural vocative)

A new word, coined in the 1940s (mentioned in the 1942 Latvian Orthographic Dictionary, Latviešu Valodas Pareizrakstības Vārdnīca) to replace the previous expression satiksmes vārds (lit. “joining word”), from prie- (“front”) + vārds (“word”).

vairums mūsdienu latviešu literārajā valodā lietojamo prievārdu ir senas cilmes... tādi, piemēram, ir aiz, ap, ar, no, pa, pie, uz

most prepositions in use in the modern Latvian literary language are of old origin... such, for instance, are aiz, ap, ar, no, pa, pie, uz


skaitļa vārds

skaitļa vārds (nominative singular)
skaitļa vārdi (nominative plural)
skaitļa vārdu (accusative singular)
skaitļa vārdus (accusative plural)
skaitļa vārda (genitive singular)
skaitļa vārdu (genitive plural)
skaitļa vārdam (dative singular)
skaitļa vārdiem (dative plural)
skaitļa vārdu (instrumental singular)
skaitļa vārdiem (instrumental plural)
skaitļa vārdā (locative singular)
skaitļa vārdos (locative plural)
skaitļa vārd (singular vocative)
skaitļa vārdi (plural vocative)

Literally “number word,” a calque of German Zahlwort coined by Juris Neikens in 1850 as skaitļa vārdiņš; later changed by Andrejs Stērste to skaitļa vārds, which became the standard form.

pamata skaitļa vārdi

kārtas skaitļa vārdi

skaitļa vārdu deklinācija


vietniekvārds

vietniekvārds (nominative singular)
vietniekvārdi (nominative plural)
vietniekvārdu (accusative singular)
vietniekvārdus (accusative plural)
vietniekvārda (genitive singular)
vietniekvārdu (genitive plural)
vietniekvārdam (dative singular)
vietniekvārdiem (dative plural)
vietniekvārdu (instrumental singular)
vietniekvārdiem (instrumental plural)
vietniekvārdā (locative singular)
vietniekvārdos (locative plural)
vietniekvārd (singular vocative)
vietniekvārdi (plural vocative)

From vietnieks (“replacement”) + vārds (“word”). A neologism coined by Juris Neikens as vietnieku vārds in 1850. The compound form originated and found wide acceptance in the 1930s.

compound

vietniekvārdu locīšana

nenoteiktie vietniekvārdi

jautājamie vietniekvārdi

norādāmie vietniekvārdi

personas vietniekvārds

piederības vietniekvārds

attieksmes, relatīvais vietniekvārds

vietniekvārdi pieder pie tām vārdu šķirām, kas ir aktīvas dažāda tipa tekstu veidošanas procesā

pronouns belong to those word classes which are active in different types of text-making processes


apstākļa vārds

apstākļa vārds (nominative singular)
apstākļa vārdi (nominative plural)
apstākļa vārdu (accusative singular)
apstākļa vārdus (accusative plural)
apstākļa vārda (genitive singular)
apstākļa vārdu (genitive plural)
apstākļa vārdam (dative singular)
apstākļa vārdiem (dative plural)
apstākļa vārdu (instrumental singular)
apstākļa vārdiem (instrumental plural)
apstākļa vārdā (locative singular)
apstākļa vārdos (locative plural)
apstākļa vārd (singular vocative)
apstākļa vārdi (plural vocative)

Literally “circumstance word,” a calque of German Umstandswort coined by Andrejs Stērste in 1879.

apstākļa vārdu lietojums teikumā

apstākļa vārdu grupas

(grammar, linguistics) adverb (a word used to modify a verb, an adjective, an adverb, a phrase or a clause)


valodniece

lv-noun

valodniece f (5th declension, masculine form: valodnieks)

valodnieks (masculine)
valodniece (nominative singular)
valodnieces (nominative plural)
valodnieci (accusative singular)
valodnieces (accusative plural)
valodnieces (genitive singular)
valodnieču (genitive plural)
valodniecei (dative singular)
valodniecēm (dative plural)
valodnieci (instrumental singular)
valodniecēm (instrumental plural)
valodniecē (locative singular)
valodniecēs (locative plural)
valodniece (singular vocative)
valodnieces (plural vocative)

From valoda (“language”) + -niece, or valodnieks (“linguist”) + -e (“fem.”) (the latter with palatalization of k to c).


apstāklis

apstāklis (nominative singular)
apstākļi (nominative plural)
apstākli (accusative singular)
apstākļus (accusative plural)
apstākļa (genitive singular)
apstākļu (genitive plural)
apstāklim (dative singular)
apstākļiem (dative plural)
apstākli (instrumental singular)
apstākļiem (instrumental plural)
apstāklī (locative singular)
apstākļos (locative plural)
apstākli (singular vocative)
apstākļi (plural vocative)

Calque of German Umstand, coined by Atis Kronvalds in 1872 from ap- + the stem of the verb stāt (“to stop, to stand”) (q.v.) + -klis (cf. also apstāt (“to encircle, to surround”)). The term būšana (“being; situation”) had been previously used in this sense.

vietas apstāklis

lauka apstāklis

veida apstākļa palīgteikums

apstākļa vārds

(grammar, linguistics) circumstance, (adverbial) complement, adverbial


amorfs

head

amorfs (definite amorfais, comparative amorfāks, superlative visamorfākais, adverb amorfi)

amorfais (definite)
amorfāks (comparative)
visamorfākais (superlative)
amorfi (adverb)
amorfs (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
amorfi (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
amorfa (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
amorfas (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
amorfu (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
amorfus (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
amorfu (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
amorfas (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
amorfa (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
amorfu (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
amorfas (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
amorfu (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
amorfam (dative indefinite masculine singular)
amorfiem (dative indefinite masculine plural)
amorfai (dative feminine indefinite singular)
amorfām (dative feminine indefinite plural)
amorfu (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
amorfiem (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
amorfu (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
amorfām (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
amorfā (indefinite locative masculine singular)
amorfos (indefinite locative masculine plural)
amorfā (feminine indefinite locative singular)
amorfās (feminine indefinite locative plural)

Via some other European language, ultimately from Ancient Greek ἄμορφος (ámorphos, “without form, shapeless, deformed”), itself from ἀ- (a-, “without”) + μορφή (morphḗ, “form”).

uder

amorfās, izolējošās jeb sakņu valodas

(linguistics, of languages) isolating (having words formed only with roots, without affixes)


tulkotājs

lv-noun

tulkotājs m (1st declension, feminine form: tulkotāja)

tulkotāja (feminine)
tulkotājs (nominative singular)
tulkotāji (nominative plural)
tulkotāju (accusative singular)
tulkotājus (accusative plural)
tulkotāja (genitive singular)
tulkotāju (genitive plural)
tulkotājam (dative singular)
tulkotājiem (dative plural)
tulkotāju (instrumental singular)
tulkotājiem (instrumental plural)
tulkotājā (locative singular)
tulkotājos (locative plural)
tulkotāj (singular vocative)
tulkotāji (plural vocative)

From tulkot (“to translate”) + -ājs (“-er”).

(male) translator (person who translates)


tulkotāja

tulkotāja f (4th declension, masculine form: tulkotājs)

tulkotājs (masculine)
tulkotāja (nominative singular)
tulkotājas (nominative plural)
tulkotāju (accusative singular)
tulkotājas (accusative plural)
tulkotājas (genitive singular)
tulkotāju (genitive plural)
tulkotājai (dative singular)
tulkotājām (dative plural)
tulkotāju (instrumental singular)
tulkotājām (instrumental plural)
tulkotājā (locative singular)
tulkotājās (locative plural)
tulkotāja (singular vocative)
tulkotājas (plural vocative)

From tulkot (“to translate”) + -āja (“-er”), or tulkotājs (“translator”) + -a (“fem.”).

(female) translator (person who translateses)


šaurs

head

šaurs (definite šaurais, comparative šaurāks, superlative visšaurākais, adverb šauri)

šaurais (definite)
šaurāks (comparative)
visšaurākais (superlative)
šauri (adverb)
šaurs (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
šauri (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
šaura (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
šauras (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
šauru (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
šaurus (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
šauru (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
šauras (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
šaura (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
šauru (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
šauras (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
šauru (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
šauram (dative indefinite masculine singular)
šauriem (dative indefinite masculine plural)
šaurai (dative feminine indefinite singular)
šaurām (dative feminine indefinite plural)
šauru (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
šauriem (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
šauru (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
šaurām (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
šaurā (indefinite locative masculine singular)
šauros (indefinite locative masculine plural)
šaurā (feminine indefinite locative singular)
šaurās (feminine indefinite locative plural)

From Proto-Baltic *siauras, from Proto-Indo-European *sew- (“to bend, to cut, to drive”), with a suffix *-ro. The meaning evolved from “bent (inward), concave” to “narrow.” Cognates include Lithuanian siaűras.
Alternatively, from Proto-Indo-European *sewh₁- (“to press, squeeze”) as in सुनोति (sunoti, “to press”).

der

šaurais patskanis

šaurais e, ē ― narrow, tense e, ē (i.e., [ɛ] instead of [æ])

(phonetics) narrow, tense (pronounced with relatively small mouth opening)


garš

head

garš (definite garais, comparative garāks, superlative visgarākais, adverb gari)

garais (definite)
garāks (comparative)
visgarākais (superlative)
gari (adverb)
garš (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
gari (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
gara (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
garas (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
garu (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
garus (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
garu (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
garas (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
gara (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
garu (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
garas (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
garu (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
garam (dative indefinite masculine singular)
gariem (dative indefinite masculine plural)
garai (dative feminine indefinite singular)
garām (dative feminine indefinite plural)
garu (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
gariem (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
garu (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
garām (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
garā (indefinite locative masculine singular)
garos (indefinite locative masculine plural)
garā (feminine indefinite locative singular)
garās (feminine indefinite locative plural)

From a derived adjective *gar-is of a masculine form *garyas, parallel to old neuter form *garyan (“forest, tree”), from Proto-Balto-Slavic *garā́ˀ, from the o-grade form *gʷorH-eh₂ of Proto-Indo-European *gʷerH- (> *h₁egʷr-), meaning “mountain, peak” and secondarily “forest” (via, e.g., “mountain surrounded by forest”), from which also “tree”. Therefore, there originally was a noun garš meaning “forest, tree”, which apparently left traces in certain Kurzeme placenames (e.g., Garatmatas, a forest in Matkule), but eventually disappeared, perhaps due to homophony with its derived adjective garš (< *garis). This adjective probably meant at first “(high) like a mountain”, “(tall, slender) like a tree” and then simply “high, tall” > “long”. Cognates include Lithuanian dialectal (reduplicated) gargãras, gargar̃as, gingãras (“long, tall animal or person”), Old Prussian garian (“tree”), Russian, Ukrainian гора́ (gorá, “mountain”), Bulgarian гора́ (gorá, “forest, mountain”), Czech hora (“mountain”) (dialectal also “forest of large trees”), Polish góra (“mountain”) (dialectal also “attic, loft”), Serbo-Croatian dialectal gòra (“mountain, forest, tree”), Hittite [script needed] (ẖegur-, “cliff, peak, spike”).

cog

garš patskanis

gara zilbe

(phonetics, phonology) long (pronounced with longer duration)


fonoloģija

fonoloģija (nominative singular)
fonoloģiju (accusative singular)
fonoloģijas (genitive singular)
fonoloģijai (dative singular)
fonoloģiju (instrumental singular)
fonoloģijā (locative singular)
fonoloģija (singular vocative)

Ultimately from Ancient Greek φωνή (phōnḗ, “sound”) and λόγος (lógos, “word, treatise”) + -ija).

latviešu valodas fonoloģija

phonology (science that studies how sounds function in languages; also specifically the study of the sound structure of a given language)


etimoloģija

etimoloģija (nominative singular)
etimoloģijas (nominative plural)
etimoloģiju (accusative singular)
etimoloģijas (accusative plural)
etimoloģijas (genitive singular)
etimoloģiju (genitive plural)
etimoloģijai (dative singular)
etimoloģijām (dative plural)
etimoloģiju (instrumental singular)
etimoloģijām (instrumental plural)
etimoloģijā (locative singular)
etimoloģijās (locative plural)
etimoloģija (singular vocative)
etimoloģijas (plural vocative)

Via some other European language, from Latin etymologia, from Ancient Greek ἐτυμολογία (etumología), from ἔτυμον (étumon, “true sense”) and -λογία (-logía, “study of”) (from λόγος (lógos)).

speciālists etimoloģijā

latviešu etimoloģijas vārdnīca

(linguistics, chiefly singular) etymology (science that studies the origins of words and morphemes).

pētīt, izskaidrot vārda etimoloģiju

to investigate, to explain the etymology of a word

(linguistics) etymology (the origin and historical development of a specific word or morpheme)


balsīgs

head

balsīgs (definite balsīgais, adverb balsīgi)

balsīgais (definite)
balsīgi (adverb)
balsīgs (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
balsīgi (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
balsīga (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
balsīgas (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
balsīgu (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
balsīgus (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
balsīgu (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
balsīgas (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
balsīga (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
balsīgu (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
balsīgas (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
balsīgu (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
balsīgam (dative indefinite masculine singular)
balsīgiem (dative indefinite masculine plural)
balsīgai (dative feminine indefinite singular)
balsīgām (dative feminine indefinite plural)
balsīgu (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
balsīgiem (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
balsīgu (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
balsīgām (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
balsīgā (indefinite locative masculine singular)
balsīgos (indefinite locative masculine plural)
balsīgā (feminine indefinite locative singular)
balsīgās (feminine indefinite locative plural)

patskaņi ir balsīgas skaņas

balsīgie līdzskaņi

balsīgie troksneņi

(phonetics, phonology) voiced (pronounced with simultaneous vibration of the vocal cords)


īss

īss (definite īsais, comparative īsāks, superlative visīsākais, adverb īsi)

īsais (definite)
īsāks (comparative)
visīsākais (superlative)
īsi (adverb)
īss (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
īsi (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
īsa (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
īsas (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
īsu (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
īsus (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
īsu (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
īsas (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
īsa (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
īsu (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
īsas (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
īsu (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
īsam (dative indefinite masculine singular)
īsiem (dative indefinite masculine plural)
īsai (dative feminine indefinite singular)
īsām (dative feminine indefinite plural)
īsu (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
īsiem (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
īsu (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
īsām (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
īsā (indefinite locative masculine singular)
īsos (indefinite locative masculine plural)
īsā (feminine indefinite locative singular)
īsās (feminine indefinite locative plural)

From Proto-Baltic *isas, *insas, from Proto-Indo-European *eis-, *is- (“to move fast, forcefully, to drive”) (from earlier “to hit, to move, to drive”). This root may have resulted from metathesis of *sei- (“to extend one's arms; strain, strength”), whence sist (“to hit”). Semantic development: “to hit, to move” > “to knock down, to reduce (with a blow)” > “made smaller, shorter” (participle). Cognates include Lithuanian dialectal įsas, Old Prussian insan (accusative), Sanskrit ईषत् (iṣát, “a little, a few”) (< *iṇst).

īss patskanis

īsa zilbe

(phonetics, phonology) short (pronounced with relatively little duration)


lingviste

lv-noun

lingviste f (5th declension, masculine form: lingvists)

lingvists (masculine)
lingviste (nominative singular)
lingvistes (nominative plural)
lingvisti (accusative singular)
lingvistes (accusative plural)
lingvistes (genitive singular)
lingvistu (genitive plural)
lingvistei (dative singular)
lingvistēm (dative plural)
lingvisti (instrumental singular)
lingvistēm (instrumental plural)
lingvistē (locative singular)
lingvistēs (locative plural)
lingviste (singular vocative)
lingvistes (plural vocative)

From lingvists (“linguist”) + -e (“fem.”).

(female) linguist (a specialist in linguistics)


tipologs

tipologs m (1st declension, feminine form: tipoloģe)

tipoloģe (feminine)
tipologs (nominative singular)
tipologi (nominative plural)
tipologu (accusative singular)
tipologus (accusative plural)
tipologa (genitive singular)
tipologu (genitive plural)
tipologam (dative singular)
tipologiem (dative plural)
tipologu (instrumental singular)
tipologiem (instrumental plural)
tipologā (locative singular)
tipologos (locative plural)
tipolog (singular vocative)
tipologi (plural vocative)

(male) typologist (a specialist in typology)


tipoloģe

tipoloģe f (5th declension, masculine form: tipologs)

tipologs (masculine)
tipoloģe (nominative singular)
tipoloģes (nominative plural)
tipoloģi (accusative singular)
tipoloģes (accusative plural)
tipoloģes (genitive singular)
tipoloģu (genitive plural)
tipoloģei (dative singular)
tipoloģēm (dative plural)
tipoloģi (instrumental singular)
tipoloģēm (instrumental plural)
tipoloģē (locative singular)
tipoloģēs (locative plural)
tipoloģe (singular vocative)
tipoloģes (plural vocative)

From tipologs (“typologist”) + -e (“fem.”) (with palatalization of g to ģ).

(female) typologist (a specialist in typology)


fonoloģe

fonoloģe f (5th declension, masculine form: fonologs)

fonologs (masculine)
fonoloģe (nominative singular)
fonoloģes (nominative plural)
fonoloģi (accusative singular)
fonoloģes (accusative plural)
fonoloģes (genitive singular)
fonoloģu (genitive plural)
fonoloģei (dative singular)
fonoloģēm (dative plural)
fonoloģi (instrumental singular)
fonoloģēm (instrumental plural)
fonoloģē (locative singular)
fonoloģēs (locative plural)
fonoloģe (singular vocative)
fonoloģes (plural vocative)

From fonologs (“phonologist”) + -e (“fem.”) (with palatalization of g to ģ).

(female) phonologist (a specialist in phonology)


fonologs

fonologs m (1st declension, feminine form: fonoloģe)

fonoloģe (feminine)
fonologs (nominative singular)
fonologi (nominative plural)
fonologu (accusative singular)
fonologus (accusative plural)
fonologa (genitive singular)
fonologu (genitive plural)
fonologam (dative singular)
fonologiem (dative plural)
fonologu (instrumental singular)
fonologiem (instrumental plural)
fonologā (locative singular)
fonologos (locative plural)
fonolog (singular vocative)
fonologi (plural vocative)

(male) phonologist (a specialist in phonology)


tipoloģija

tipoloģija (nominative singular)
tipoloģijas (nominative plural)
tipoloģiju (accusative singular)
tipoloģijas (accusative plural)
tipoloģijas (genitive singular)
tipoloģiju (genitive plural)
tipoloģijai (dative singular)
tipoloģijām (dative plural)
tipoloģiju (instrumental singular)
tipoloģijām (instrumental plural)
tipoloģijā (locative singular)
tipoloģijās (locative plural)
tipoloģija (singular vocative)
tipoloģijas (plural vocative)

Ultimately from Ancient Greek τύπος (túpos, “mark, impression, type”) and λόγος (lógos, “word, study”), with the suffix -ία (-ía) (Latvian -ija).

cog

tipoloģijas paņēmieni

(chiefly in the singular) typology (method for grouping entities based on a finite number of abstract or idealized types)


fonētiķis

lv-noun

fonētiķis m (2nd declension, feminine form: fonētiķe)

fonētiķe (feminine)
fonētiķis (nominative singular)
fonētiķi (nominative plural)
fonētiķi (accusative singular)
fonētiķus (accusative plural)
fonētiķa (genitive singular)
fonētiķu (genitive plural)
fonētiķim (dative singular)
fonētiķiem (dative plural)
fonētiķi (instrumental singular)
fonētiķiem (instrumental plural)
fonētiķī (locative singular)
fonētiķos (locative plural)
fonētiķi (singular vocative)
fonētiķi (plural vocative)

(male) phonetician (a specialist in phonetics)


fonētika

fonētika (nominative singular)
fonētiku (accusative singular)
fonētikas (genitive singular)
fonētikai (dative singular)
fonētiku (instrumental singular)
fonētikā (locative singular)
fonētika (singular vocative)

izloksnes fonētika

phonetics (the set of sounds of a given language variety and their properties)


fonētiķe

fonētiķe f (5th declension, masculine form: fonētiķis)

fonētiķis (masculine)
fonētiķe (nominative singular)
fonētiķes (nominative plural)
fonētiķi (accusative singular)
fonētiķes (accusative plural)
fonētiķes (genitive singular)
fonētiķu (genitive plural)
fonētiķei (dative singular)
fonētiķēm (dative plural)
fonētiķi (instrumental singular)
fonētiķēm (instrumental plural)
fonētiķē (locative singular)
fonētiķēs (locative plural)
fonētiķe (singular vocative)
fonētiķes (plural vocative)

From fonētiķis (“phoneticist”) + -e (“fem.”).

(female) phoneticist (a specialist in phonetics)


filologs

filologs m (1st declension, feminine form: filoloģe)

filoloģe (feminine)
filologs (nominative singular)
filologi (nominative plural)
filologu (accusative singular)
filologus (accusative plural)
filologa (genitive singular)
filologu (genitive plural)
filologam (dative singular)
filologiem (dative plural)
filologu (instrumental singular)
filologiem (instrumental plural)
filologā (locative singular)
filologos (locative plural)
filolog (singular vocative)
filologi (plural vocative)

J. Endzelīna personība ir ietekmējuši vairākas latviešu filologu paaudzes

J. Endzelīns' personality has influenced many generations of Latvian philologists

(male) philologist (a specialist in philology)


filoloģe

filoloģe f (5th declension, masculine form: filologs)

filologs (masculine)
filoloģe (nominative singular)
filoloģes (nominative plural)
filoloģi (accusative singular)
filoloģes (accusative plural)
filoloģes (genitive singular)
filoloģu (genitive plural)
filoloģei (dative singular)
filoloģēm (dative plural)
filoloģi (instrumental singular)
filoloģēm (instrumental plural)
filoloģē (locative singular)
filoloģēs (locative plural)
filoloģe (singular vocative)
filoloģes (plural vocative)

From filologs (“philologist”) + -e (“fem.”) (with palatalization of g to ģ).

(female) philologist (a specialist in philology)


filoloģija

filoloģija (nominative singular)
filoloģiju (accusative singular)
filoloģijas (genitive singular)
filoloģijai (dative singular)
filoloģiju (instrumental singular)
filoloģijā (locative singular)
filoloģija (singular vocative)

Via some other European language, ultimately from Ancient Greek φιλολογία (philología, “love of argument or reasoning, love of learning and literature”), from φίλος (phílos, “loved, beloved, dear, friend”) and λόγος (lógos, “word; treaty; study of”) with the suffix -ία (-ía) (Latvian -ija).

uder

latviešu filoloģija

Latvian language and literature (lit. philology)

baltu filoloģija

Baltic language and literature (lit. philology)

philology, language and literature studies


filoloģisks

head

filoloģisks (definite filoloģiskais, adverb filoloģiski)

filoloģiskais (definite)
filoloģiski (adverb)
filoloģisks (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
filoloģiski (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
filoloģiska (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
filoloģiskas (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
filoloģisku (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
filoloģiskus (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
filoloģisku (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
filoloģiskas (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
filoloģiska (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
filoloģisku (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
filoloģiskas (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
filoloģisku (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
filoloģiskam (dative indefinite masculine singular)
filoloģiskiem (dative indefinite masculine plural)
filoloģiskai (dative feminine indefinite singular)
filoloģiskām (dative feminine indefinite plural)
filoloģisku (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
filoloģiskiem (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
filoloģisku (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
filoloģiskām (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
filoloģiskā (indefinite locative masculine singular)
filoloģiskos (indefinite locative masculine plural)
filoloģiskā (feminine indefinite locative singular)
filoloģiskās (feminine indefinite locative plural)

From filoloģija (“philology”) + -isks. Probably not derived as such in Latvian, but borrowed and adapted from another European language.

filoloģiski pētījumi


tipoloģisks

tipoloģisks (definite tipoloģiskais, adverb tipoloģiski)

tipoloģiskais (definite)
tipoloģiski (adverb)
tipoloģisks (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
tipoloģiski (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
tipoloģiska (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
tipoloģiskas (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
tipoloģisku (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
tipoloģiskus (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
tipoloģisku (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
tipoloģiskas (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
tipoloģiska (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
tipoloģisku (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
tipoloģiskas (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
tipoloģisku (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
tipoloģiskam (dative indefinite masculine singular)
tipoloģiskiem (dative indefinite masculine plural)
tipoloģiskai (dative feminine indefinite singular)
tipoloģiskām (dative feminine indefinite plural)
tipoloģisku (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
tipoloģiskiem (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
tipoloģisku (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
tipoloģiskām (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
tipoloģiskā (indefinite locative masculine singular)
tipoloģiskos (indefinite locative masculine plural)
tipoloģiskā (feminine indefinite locative singular)
tipoloģiskās (feminine indefinite locative plural)

From tipoloģija (“typology”) + -isks. Probably not derived as such in Latvian, but borrowed and adapted from another European language.

valodu tipoloģiskā klasifikācija


fonoloģisks

fonoloģisks (definite fonoloģiskais, adverb fonoloģiski)

fonoloģiskais (definite)
fonoloģiski (adverb)
fonoloģisks (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
fonoloģiski (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
fonoloģiska (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
fonoloģiskas (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
fonoloģisku (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
fonoloģiskus (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
fonoloģisku (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
fonoloģiskas (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
fonoloģiska (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
fonoloģisku (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
fonoloģiskas (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
fonoloģisku (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
fonoloģiskam (dative indefinite masculine singular)
fonoloģiskiem (dative indefinite masculine plural)
fonoloģiskai (dative feminine indefinite singular)
fonoloģiskām (dative feminine indefinite plural)
fonoloģisku (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
fonoloģiskiem (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
fonoloģisku (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
fonoloģiskām (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
fonoloģiskā (indefinite locative masculine singular)
fonoloģiskos (indefinite locative masculine plural)
fonoloģiskā (feminine indefinite locative singular)
fonoloģiskās (feminine indefinite locative plural)

From fonoloģija (“phonology”) + -isks. Probably not derived as such in Latvian, but borrowed and adapted from another European language.

fonoloģiskā analīze

valodas fonoloģiskās īpatnības

phonological (relating to the functions of sounds in language, or in a specific language)


lingvistisks

lingvistisks (definite lingvistiskais, adverb lingvistiski)

lingvistiskais (definite)
lingvistiski (adverb)
lingvistisks (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
lingvistiski (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
lingvistiska (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
lingvistiskas (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
lingvistisku (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
lingvistiskus (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
lingvistisku (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
lingvistiskas (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
lingvistiska (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
lingvistisku (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
lingvistiskas (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
lingvistisku (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
lingvistiskam (dative indefinite masculine singular)
lingvistiskiem (dative indefinite masculine plural)
lingvistiskai (dative feminine indefinite singular)
lingvistiskām (dative feminine indefinite plural)
lingvistisku (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
lingvistiskiem (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
lingvistisku (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
lingvistiskām (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
lingvistiskā (indefinite locative masculine singular)
lingvistiskos (indefinite locative masculine plural)
lingvistiskā (feminine indefinite locative singular)
lingvistiskās (feminine indefinite locative plural)

From lingvistika (“linguistics”) + -isks. Probably not derived as such in Latvian, but borrowed and adapted from another European language.

lingvistisks pētījums, eksperiments

lingvistiskā analīze

lingvistiska vārdnīca

lingvistiska statistika

lingvistiskā stilistika

lingvistisks ģeogrāfija


botānisks

botānisks (definite botāniskais, adverb botāniski)

botāniskais (definite)
botāniski (adverb)
botānisks (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
botāniski (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
botāniska (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
botāniskas (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
botānisku (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
botāniskus (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
botānisku (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
botāniskas (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
botāniska (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
botānisku (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
botāniskas (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
botānisku (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
botāniskam (dative indefinite masculine singular)
botāniskiem (dative indefinite masculine plural)
botāniskai (dative feminine indefinite singular)
botāniskām (dative feminine indefinite plural)
botānisku (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
botāniskiem (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
botānisku (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
botāniskām (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
botāniskā (indefinite locative masculine singular)
botāniskos (indefinite locative masculine plural)
botāniskā (feminine indefinite locative singular)
botāniskās (feminine indefinite locative plural)

From botānika (“botany”) + -isks. Probably not derived as such in Latvian, but borrowed and adapted from another European language.

botānisks muzejs

botānisks dārzs

botāniskais sastāvs


fonētisks

fonētisks (definite fonētiskais, comparative fonētiskāks, superlative visfonētiskākais, adverb fonētiski)

fonētiskais (definite)
fonētiskāks (comparative)
visfonētiskākais (superlative)
fonētiski (adverb)
fonētisks (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
fonētiski (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
fonētiska (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
fonētiskas (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
fonētisku (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
fonētiskus (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
fonētisku (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
fonētiskas (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
fonētiska (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
fonētisku (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
fonētiskas (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
fonētisku (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
fonētiskam (dative indefinite masculine singular)
fonētiskiem (dative indefinite masculine plural)
fonētiskai (dative feminine indefinite singular)
fonētiskām (dative feminine indefinite plural)
fonētisku (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
fonētiskiem (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
fonētisku (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
fonētiskām (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
fonētiskā (indefinite locative masculine singular)
fonētiskos (indefinite locative masculine plural)
fonētiskā (feminine indefinite locative singular)
fonētiskās (feminine indefinite locative plural)

From fonētika (“phonetics”) + -isks. Probably not derived as such in Latvian, but borrowed and adapted from another European language.

fonētiskā transkripcija

valodas fonētiskā sistēma

phonetic (relating to the sounds of language, or of a language variety)


valodniecisks

valodniecisks (definite valodnieciskais, adverb valodnieciski)

valodnieciskais (definite)
valodnieciski (adverb)
valodniecisks (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
valodnieciski (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
valodnieciska (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
valodnieciskas (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
valodniecisku (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
valodnieciskus (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
valodniecisku (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
valodnieciskas (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
valodnieciska (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
valodniecisku (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
valodnieciskas (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
valodniecisku (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
valodnieciskam (dative indefinite masculine singular)
valodnieciskiem (dative indefinite masculine plural)
valodnieciskai (dative feminine indefinite singular)
valodnieciskām (dative feminine indefinite plural)
valodniecisku (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
valodnieciskiem (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
valodniecisku (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
valodnieciskām (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
valodnieciskā (indefinite locative masculine singular)
valodnieciskos (indefinite locative masculine plural)
valodnieciskā (feminine indefinite locative singular)
valodnieciskās (feminine indefinite locative plural)

From valodnieks (“linguist”) + -isks (with k > c via palatalization).

valodniecisks pētījums


vokālis

vokālis (nominative singular)
vokāļi (nominative plural)
vokāli (accusative singular)
vokāļus (accusative plural)
vokāļa (genitive singular)
vokāļu (genitive plural)
vokālim (dative singular)
vokāļiem (dative plural)
vokāli (instrumental singular)
vokāļiem (instrumental plural)
vokālī (locative singular)
vokāļos (locative plural)
vokāli (singular vocative)
vokāļi (plural vocative)

A borrowing, via some other European language, ultimately from Latin vōcālis (“voiced”).

ritma, lāpāmais vokālis

rhythmic vowel (added for prosodic or metric reasons)


patskanis

patskanis (nominative singular)
patskaņi (nominative plural)
patskani (accusative singular)
patskaņus (accusative plural)
patskaņa (genitive singular)
patskaņu (genitive plural)
patskanim (dative singular)
patskaņiem (dative plural)
patskani (instrumental singular)
patskaņiem (instrumental plural)
patskanī (locative singular)
patskaņos (locative plural)
patskani (singular vocative)
patskaņi (plural vocative)

From pats (“self”) + skan(ēt) (“to sound”), made into a 2nd-declension noun (ending -is). A calque of German Selbstlaut (“vowel”) coined by Atis Kronvalds in the 1860s (initially as pašskanis). It competed with, and eventually replaced, other coinages such as G. F. Stenders' skandinieks, K. Biezbārdis' skanis, or A. Stērste's balsskanis. There was some variation (patskanis, pašskaņa, patskaņa) until the early 20th century. After J. Endzelīns' and K. Mīlenbahs' 1907 Latviešu Gramatika, the form patskanis stabilized. It became accepted as a standard linguistic term in the 1920s.

uzsvērti un neuzsvērti patskaņi

garie un īsie patskaņi

patskaņu klasifikācija

šaurais patskanis (“e” vai “ē”) ― narrow, tense vowel (“e” or “ē”, pronounced as IPA [ɛ])

platais patskanis (“e” vai “ē”) ― broad, lax vowel (“e” or “ē”, pronounced as IPA [æ])

ritma, lāpāmais patskanis


triftongs

triftongs (nominative singular)
triftongi (nominative plural)
triftongu (accusative singular)
triftongus (accusative plural)
triftonga (genitive singular)
triftongu (genitive plural)
triftongam (dative singular)
triftongiem (dative plural)
triftongu (instrumental singular)
triftongiem (instrumental plural)
triftongā (locative singular)
triftongos (locative plural)
triftong (singular vocative)
triftongi (plural vocative)

A borrowing, via some other European language, ultimately from Ancient Greek τρία (tría, “three”) and φθόγγος (phthóngos, “sound”).

triftonga komponenti

(phonetics, phonology) triphthong (sequence of three different vowels pronounced in one syllable)


līdzskanis

līdzskanis (nominative singular)
līdzskaņi (nominative plural)
līdzskani (accusative singular)
līdzskaņus (accusative plural)
līdzskaņa (genitive singular)
līdzskaņu (genitive plural)
līdzskanim (dative singular)
līdzskaņiem (dative plural)
līdzskani (instrumental singular)
līdzskaņiem (instrumental plural)
līdzskanī (locative singular)
līdzskaņos (locative plural)
līdzskani (singular vocative)
līdzskaņi (plural vocative)

A term coined by Atis Kronvalds in the second half of the 19th century, from līdz(i) (“(together) with”) + skan(ēt) (“to sound”), made into a 2nd-declension noun (ending -is). It is a calque of German Mitlaut, from mit (“with”) and Laut (“sound”), itself a calque of Latin cōnsonans, from cōn- (“with”) and sonō (“to sound”).
It (and its alternative form līdzskaņa) competed with other proposed coinages, such as K. Biezbārdis' klaudzis and M. Kaudzīte's neskanis, until the end of the 19th century. After J. Endzelīns' and K. Mīlenbahs' 1907 Latviešu Gramatika, the form līdzskanis stabilized. It became accepted as a standard linguistic term in the 1920s.

compound

balsīgi un nebalsīgi līdzskaņi

dubultoti līdzskaņi

līdzskaņu klasifikācija

cietais līdzskanis

mīkstais līdzskanis

(phonetics, phonology) consonant (language sound pronounced with some kind of obstruction in the vocal tract)


divskanis

divskanis (nominative singular)
divskaņi (nominative plural)
divskani (accusative singular)
divskaņus (accusative plural)
divskaņa (genitive singular)
divskaņu (genitive plural)
divskanim (dative singular)
divskaņiem (dative plural)
divskani (instrumental singular)
divskaņiem (instrumental plural)
divskanī (locative singular)
divskaņos (locative plural)
divskani (singular vocative)
divskaņi (plural vocative)

Coined by Andrejs Stērste in 1879, from div(i) (“two”) + skan(ēt) (“to sound”).

latviešu valodas divskaņi

(phonetics, phonology) diphthong (sequence of two different vowels pronounced in one syllable)


skaņa

skaņa (nominative singular)
skaņas (nominative plural)
skaņu (accusative singular)
skaņas (accusative plural)
skaņas (genitive singular)
skaņu (genitive plural)
skaņai (dative singular)
skaņām (dative plural)
skaņu (instrumental singular)
skaņām (instrumental plural)
skaņā (locative singular)
skaņās (locative plural)
skaņa (singular vocative)
skaņas (plural vocative)

A 17th-century derivation from the stem of the verb skanēt (“to sound”) (q.v.): *skan-ya > skaņa, alongside the simpler (dialectal) form skans.

valodas skaņu klasifikācija

īsa, gara skaņa

skaņu kvantitāte, kvalitāte

laringāla skaņa

skaņu mija

(linguistics, phonetics) sound (smallest articulatory unit in language)


aktīvs

aktīvs (nominative singular)
aktīvi (nominative plural)
aktīvu (accusative singular)
aktīvus (accusative plural)
aktīva (genitive singular)
aktīvu (genitive plural)
aktīvam (dative singular)
aktīviem (dative plural)
aktīvu (instrumental singular)
aktīviem (instrumental plural)
aktīvā (locative singular)
aktīvos (locative plural)
aktīv (singular vocative)
aktīvi (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Latin activus indirectly through some other European language.


veids

veids (nominative singular)
veidi (nominative plural)
veidu (accusative singular)
veidus (accusative plural)
veida (genitive singular)
veidu (genitive plural)
veidam (dative singular)
veidiem (dative plural)
veidu (instrumental singular)
veidiem (instrumental plural)
veidā (locative singular)
veidos (locative plural)
veid (singular vocative)
veidi (plural vocative)

Originally a dialectal word meaning “face, appearance”, from the (dialectal) verb viest (“to perceive, to sense, to see”) (compare viedoklis (“viewpoint”)), ultimately from Proto-Balto-Slavic *wéiˀdas, from Proto-Indo-European *wéyd-os ~ *wéyd-es-os, from *weyd- (“to see”).
veids was brought to the literary language by Atis Kronvalds in 1869 with a broadened meaning “form, type, way”, apparently following the example of Ancient Greek εἶδος (eîdos, “form, shape, appearance, look”).
Cognates
Cognates include Lithuanian véidas (“face, cheeks”), Old Church Slavonic видь (vidĭ), Russian вид (vid, “appearance, manner”), Sanskrit वेद (véda, “knowledge, perception”), Ancient Greek εἶδος (eîdos, “form, shape, appearance, look”).

cog

nepabeigtais darbības vārda veids

imperfective (lit. unfinished) verbal aspect

pabeigtais jeb perfektīvais verba veids raksturo savā norisē ierobežotu darbību

the finished or perfective verbal aspect characterizes a limited action in its own development

(grammar) aspect (verbal category which presents the action in its development, as complete or incomplete, repeated, ongoing, etc.)


pasīvs

pasīvs (nominative singular)
pasīvi (nominative plural)
pasīvu (accusative singular)
pasīvus (accusative plural)
pasīva (genitive singular)
pasīvu (genitive plural)
pasīvam (dative singular)
pasīviem (dative plural)
pasīvu (instrumental singular)
pasīviem (instrumental plural)
pasīvā (locative singular)
pasīvos (locative plural)
pasīv (singular vocative)
pasīvi (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Latin passivus, probably via some other European language, adapted to fit Latvian patterns ( + -īvs).


mašīntulkošana

mašīntulkošana (nominative singular)
mašīntulkošanu (accusative singular)
mašīntulkošanas (genitive singular)
mašīntulkošanai (dative singular)
mašīntulkošanu (instrumental singular)
mašīntulkošanā (locative singular)
mašīntulkošana (singular vocative)

From mašīna (“machine”) + tulkošana (“translation”) (with tulkošana from tulko(t) (“to translate”) + -šana).

compound

kā darbojas mašīntulkošana?

par patstāvīgu pētniecības virzienu ar savām problēmām un grūtībām kļuvusi mašīntulkošana

machine translation has become an independent research direction with its own problems and difficulties

machine translation (automatic translation by a computer program)


tulkošana

tulkošana (nominative singular)
tulkošanas (nominative plural)
tulkošanu (accusative singular)
tulkošanas (accusative plural)
tulkošanas (genitive singular)
tulkošanu (genitive plural)
tulkošanai (dative singular)
tulkošanām (dative plural)
tulkošanu (instrumental singular)
tulkošanām (instrumental plural)
tulkošanā (locative singular)
tulkošanās (locative plural)
tulkošana (singular vocative)
tulkošanas (plural vocative)

tulkošanas pakalpojumi

sinhronā tulkošana

secīgā tulkošana

čuksttulkošana

mašīntulkošana

translation, translating; verbal noun of tulkot


tulks

tulks (nominative singular)
tulki (nominative plural)
tulku (accusative singular)
tulkus (accusative plural)
tulka (genitive singular)
tulku (genitive plural)
tulkam (dative singular)
tulkiem (dative plural)
tulku (instrumental singular)
tulkiem (instrumental plural)
tulkā (locative singular)
tulkos (locative plural)
tulk (singular vocative)
tulki (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Old East Slavic тълкъ (tŭlkŭ, “interpreter; interpretation, explanation”) (compare Russian толк (tolk, “sense, judgment”), толковать (tolkovatʹ, “to explain, to interpret”)). The Old East Slavic term is etymologically related to Latin loquī (“to speak”). The term was borrowed into Latvian at some point up to the 13th century and was first mentioned in 17th-century sources, already in its present form.

bor

gadījies arī bez tulka starpniecības sarunāties ar somu jūrniekiem

it happened (= was possible) also to talk with Finnish sailors without the help of an interpreter

nepieciešamība pēc tulkošanas un tulkiem radās jau sirmā senatnē

the need for translation and interpreters, translators arose already in ancient times

translator, interpreter (a person who translates texts, utterances, etc. into another language)


dzimte

dzimte (nominative singular)
dzimtes (nominative plural)
dzimti (accusative singular)
dzimtes (accusative plural)
dzimtes (genitive singular)
dzimšu (genitive plural)
dzimtei (dative singular)
dzimtēm (dative plural)
dzimti (instrumental singular)
dzimtēm (instrumental plural)
dzimtē (locative singular)
dzimtēs (locative plural)
dzimte (singular vocative)
dzimtes (plural vocative)

From dzimt + -e, coined by Latvian poet, publicist and linguist Juris Alunāns in the late 19th century.

coin

Angļu valodā nav lietvārdu dzimtes.

The English language does not distinguish the gender of nouns.

(linguistics, grammar) gender (the grammatical form of a noun that indicates gender or formal membership of a gender - feminine, masculine or neuter)


galotne

galotne (nominative singular)
galotnes (nominative plural)
galotni (accusative singular)
galotnes (accusative plural)
galotnes (genitive singular)
galotņu (genitive plural)
galotnei (dative singular)
galotnēm (dative plural)
galotni (instrumental singular)
galotnēm (instrumental plural)
galotnē (locative singular)
galotnēs (locative plural)
galotne (singular vocative)
galotnes (plural vocative)

From gals (“end”) + -otne. This word was first used in the grammatical sense of “ending” by Andrejs Stērste in 1879 and was soon accepted into the standard language.

lietvārda galotnes

noteiktā galotne

nenoteiktā galotne

indefinite ending (i.e., indefinite form)

norīt galotnes

to swallow the endings (i.e., to pronounce the word endings badly, unclearly, or not at all)

(linguistics, grammar) ending (the part at the end of a word that changes when it is conjugated, declined, etc.; the final, inflectional suffix of an inflected word)


tagadne

tagadne (nominative singular)
tagadni (accusative singular)
tagadnes (genitive singular)
tagadnei (dative singular)
tagadni (instrumental singular)
tagadnē (locative singular)
tagadne (singular vocative)

Coined by Atis Kronvalds in 1869, from tagad (“now”) + -ne, at first in the form tagadiene, later on (in the 1870s) in its present form. As a grammatical term, it was first used by A. Stērste in 1879.

vienkāršā, saliktā tagadne

tagadnes lokāmais divdabis

(linguistics, grammar) present tense (a verb form describing an action that happens in the present time, at the moment of speech)


tagadnes laiks

tagadnes laiks (nominative singular)
tagadnes laiku (accusative singular)
tagadnes laika (genitive singular)
tagadnes laikam (dative singular)
tagadnes laiku (instrumental singular)
tagadnes laikā (locative singular)
tagadnes laik (singular vocative)

(linguistics, grammar) present tense (linguistic form used in reference to events in the present)


pagātnes laiks

pagātnes laiks (nominative singular)
pagātnes laiku (accusative singular)
pagātnes laika (genitive singular)
pagātnes laikam (dative singular)
pagātnes laiku (instrumental singular)
pagātnes laikā (locative singular)
pagātnes laik (singular vocative)

(linguistics, grammar) past tense (linguistic form used in reference to events in the past)


nākotne

nākotne (nominative singular)
nākotni (accusative singular)
nākotnes (genitive singular)
nākotnei (dative singular)
nākotni (instrumental singular)
nākotnē (locative singular)
nākotne (singular vocative)

From nāk(t) (“to come”) + -otne. A neologism coined by Atis Kronvalds in 1869, initially in the form nākote, then nākatne. The modern form was later introduced by Krišjānis Valdemārs and Fricis Brīvzemnieks. As a grammatical term, it was first used by A. Stērste in 1879.

vienkāršā, saliktā nākotne

pārveidot darbības vārdu nākotnes formā

(linguistics, grammar) future (verb form describing an action that will happen after the current time, after the time of speech)


pagātne

pagātne (nominative singular)
pagātni (accusative singular)
pagātnes (genitive singular)
pagātnei (dative singular)
pagātni (instrumental singular)
pagātnē (locative singular)
pagātne (singular vocative)

A neologism coined from pagā(jis) (“gone, passed”) + -tne by Atis Kronvalds in 1873, as a calque of German Vergangenheit (“past”), from past participle vergangen (“gone, passed”)). As a grammatical term, it was first used by A. Stērste in 1879.

vienkāršā, saliktā pagātne

(linguistics, grammar) past (verb form describing an action that happens before the current time, before the time of speech)


nākotnes laiks

nākotnes laiks (nominative singular)
nākotnes laiku (accusative singular)
nākotnes laika (genitive singular)
nākotnes laikam (dative singular)
nākotnes laiku (instrumental singular)
nākotnes laikā (locative singular)
nākotnes laik (singular vocative)

(linguistics, grammar) future tense (linguistic form used in reference to events in the future)


divdabis

divdabis (nominative singular)
divdabji (nominative plural)
divdabi (accusative singular)
divdabjus (accusative plural)
divdabja (genitive singular)
divdabju (genitive plural)
divdabim (dative singular)
divdabjiem (dative plural)
divdabi (instrumental singular)
divdabjiem (instrumental plural)
divdabī (locative singular)
divdabjos (locative plural)
divdabi (singular vocative)
divdabji (plural vocative)

From divi (“two”) + daba (“nature”), made into a masculine 2nd-declension noun (nominative ending -is).

divdabja teiciens

mūsdienu latviešu valodā ir četri lokāmie divdabji

in the modern Latvian language there are four inflecting participles

(linguistics, grammar) participle (a verb form having both verbal and adjectival or adverbial properties)


izteiksme

izteiksme (nominative singular)
izteiksmes (nominative plural)
izteiksmi (accusative singular)
izteiksmes (accusative plural)
izteiksmes (genitive singular)
izteiksmju (genitive plural)
izteiksmei (dative singular)
izteiksmēm (dative plural)
izteiksmi (instrumental singular)
izteiksmēm (instrumental plural)
izteiksmē (locative singular)
izteiksmēs (locative plural)
izteiksme (singular vocative)
izteiksmes (plural vocative)

From izteik(t) (“to express”) + -sme (with izteikt from iz- + teikt (“to say, to tell”)). In the grammatical sense, this term was first used in 1889 by A. Stērste; previously other expressions had been used (izteikšana, izteikšanas kārta).

latviešu valodā verbam ir piecas izteiksmes jeb modi: īstenības izteiksme jeb indikatīvs, pavēles izteiksme jeb imperatīvs, vajadzības izteiksme jeb debitīvs, vēlējuma izteiksme jeb kondicionālis un atstāstījuma izteiksme jeb relatīvais mods

in the Latvian language (there) are five moods: the real mood or indicative, the ordering mood or imperative, the necessity mood or debitive, the wishful mood or conditional, and the telling mood or relative mood

(grammar, linguistics) mood (grammatical category that expresses the relation of the action described by a verb to reality)


pavēle

pavēle (nominative singular)
pavēles (nominative plural)
pavēli (accusative singular)
pavēles (accusative plural)
pavēles (genitive singular)
pavēļu (genitive plural)
pavēlei (dative singular)
pavēlēm (dative plural)
pavēli (instrumental singular)
pavēlēm (instrumental plural)
pavēlē (locative singular)
pavēlēs (locative plural)
pavēle (singular vocative)
pavēles (plural vocative)

From pa- + vēle (“will, wish”). The original meaning was “permission; wish;” apparently, this word was influenced by the similar-sounding German Befehl (“order, command”), and changed its meaning accordingly.

pavēles izteiksme

(linguistics, grammar) imperative (mood)


indoeiropeisks

head

indoeiropeisks (definite indoeiropeiskais, comparative indoeiropeiskāks, superlative visindoeiropeiskākais, adverb indoeiropeiski)

indoeiropeiskais (definite)
indoeiropeiskāks (comparative)
visindoeiropeiskākais (superlative)
indoeiropeiski (adverb)
indoeiropeisks (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
indoeiropeiski (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
indoeiropeiska (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
indoeiropeiskas (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
indoeiropeisku (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
indoeiropeiskus (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
indoeiropeisku (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
indoeiropeiskas (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
indoeiropeiska (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
indoeiropeisku (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
indoeiropeiskas (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
indoeiropeisku (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
indoeiropeiskam (dative indefinite masculine singular)
indoeiropeiskiem (dative indefinite masculine plural)
indoeiropeiskai (dative feminine indefinite singular)
indoeiropeiskām (dative feminine indefinite plural)
indoeiropeisku (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
indoeiropeiskiem (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
indoeiropeisku (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
indoeiropeiskām (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
indoeiropeiskā (indefinite locative masculine singular)
indoeiropeiskos (indefinite locative masculine plural)
indoeiropeiskā (feminine indefinite locative singular)
indoeiropeiskās (feminine indefinite locative plural)

From Indija (“India”) + eiropeisks (“European”) (indo- is a nationality prefix corresponding to India), following the pattern of other similar formations in other European languages (cf. German indoeuropäisch, Russian индоевропе́йский (indojevropéjskij), all tracing back to Sir Thomas Young's original English 1813 coinage Indo-European).

cog

индоевропе́йский

indoeiropeiskais kalendārs

indoeiropeiskas izcelsmes dievi

indoeiropeiskas cilmes vārds

a word of (= from) an Indo-European stem

viņu valodai nav indoeiropeiskas nokrāsas

their language does not have an Indo-European flavor (lit. shade)

Indo-European (relating to the presumed Indo-European people, to their presumed language, Proto-Indo-European, or their culture; relating to the present-day languages, peoples and cultures derived from the ancient Proto-Indo-Europeans)


indoeiropietis

lv-noun

indoeiropietis m (2nd declension, feminine form: indoeiropiete)

indoeiropiete (feminine)
indoeiropietis (nominative singular)
indoeiropieši (nominative plural)
indoeiropieti (accusative singular)
indoeiropiešus (accusative plural)
indoeiropieša (genitive singular)
indoeiropiešu (genitive plural)
indoeiropietim (dative singular)
indoeiropiešiem (dative plural)
indoeiropieti (instrumental singular)
indoeiropiešiem (instrumental plural)
indoeiropietī (locative singular)
indoeiropiešos (locative plural)
indoeiropieti (singular vocative)
indoeiropieši (plural vocative)

From Indija (“India”) + eiropietis (“European”) (indo- is a nationality prefix corresponding to India), following the pattern of other similar formations in other European languages (cf. German Indoeuropäer, Russian индоевропе́ец (indojevropéjec), all tracing back to Sir Thomas Young's original English 1813 coinage Indo-European).

cog

индоевропе́ец

indoeiropiešu valodas

indoeiropiešu valodu saime

indoeiropiešu pirmvaloda

indoeiropiešu valodniecība

indoeiropiešu tautas

indoeiropiešu reliģija

indoeiropiešu mitoloģija

indoeiropiešu kultūra

(genitive plural) Indo-European; pertaining to the Indo-Europeans and their language; pertaining to the present-day peoples and languages descended from Proto-Indo-European


indoeiropiete

lv-noun

indoeiropiete f (5th declension, masculine form: indoeiropietis)

indoeiropietis (masculine)
indoeiropiete (nominative singular)
indoeiropietes (nominative plural)
indoeiropieti (accusative singular)
indoeiropietes (accusative plural)
indoeiropietes (genitive singular)
indoeiropiešu (genitive plural)
indoeiropietei (dative singular)
indoeiropietēm (dative plural)
indoeiropieti (instrumental singular)
indoeiropietēm (instrumental plural)
indoeiropietē (locative singular)
indoeiropietēs (locative plural)
indoeiropiete (singular vocative)
indoeiropietes (plural vocative)

From indoeiropietis (“Indo-European (man)”) + -e (“fem.”).

suffix

somietes, igaunietes un ungārietes nav indoeiropietes

Finish, Estonian and Hungarian women are not Indo-European women

an Indo-European woman, a female member of the ancient Indo-European people or one of their descendants


internacionālisms

internacionālisms (nominative singular)
internacionālismi (nominative plural)
internacionālismu (accusative singular)
internacionālismus (accusative plural)
internacionālisma (genitive singular)
internacionālismu (genitive plural)
internacionālismam (dative singular)
internacionālismiem (dative plural)
internacionālismu (instrumental singular)
internacionālismiem (instrumental plural)
internacionālismā (locative singular)
internacionālismos (locative plural)
internacionālism (singular vocative)
internacionālismi (plural vocative)

From internacionāls (“international”) + -isms. Probably not formed as such in Latvian, but borrowed and adapted from another European language.

līdzās nacionālajiem aizguvumiem latviešu valodā sastopami arī internacionāli aizguvumi jeb internacionālismi

alongside national borrowings there are in the Latvian language also international borrowings or internationalisms

lielai daļai internacionālo vārdu latviešu valodā nav nemaz tik īss mūžs; šie vārdi latviešu valodā sāka ieplūst ar Brīvzemnieka un Valdemāra vārdnīcām, kas ir pirmās latviešu vārdnīcu vidū, kur ietilpināti arī internacionālismi

a large part of the international words in the Latvian language does not at all have such a short life; these words began to flow into the Latvian language with Brīvzemnieks' and Valdemārs' dictionaries, which were the first among Latvian dictionaries in which internationalisms were also included

(linguistics) a loanword borrowed into many languages


produktivitāte

produktivitāte (nominative singular)
produktivitāti (accusative singular)
produktivitātes (genitive singular)
produktivitātei (dative singular)
produktivitāti (instrumental singular)
produktivitātē (locative singular)
produktivitāte (singular vocative)

From produktīvs (“productive”) + -itāte (with produktīvs from produkts (“product”) + -īvs). Probably not formed as such in Latvian, but borrowed and adapted from other European languages.

piedēkļa produktivitāte

(linguistics) productivity (capacity of being regularly used to form words)


produktīvs

head

produktīvs (definite produktīvais, comparative produktīvāks, superlative visproduktīvākais, adverb produktīvi)

produktīvais (definite)
produktīvāks (comparative)
visproduktīvākais (superlative)
produktīvi (adverb)
produktīvs (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
produktīvi (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
produktīva (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
produktīvas (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
produktīvu (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
produktīvus (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
produktīvu (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
produktīvas (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
produktīva (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
produktīvu (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
produktīvas (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
produktīvu (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
produktīvam (dative indefinite masculine singular)
produktīviem (dative indefinite masculine plural)
produktīvai (dative feminine indefinite singular)
produktīvām (dative feminine indefinite plural)
produktīvu (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
produktīviem (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
produktīvu (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
produktīvām (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
produktīvā (indefinite locative masculine singular)
produktīvos (indefinite locative masculine plural)
produktīvā (feminine indefinite locative singular)
produktīvās (feminine indefinite locative plural)

From produkts (“product”) + -īvs. Probably not derived as such in Latvian, but borrowed and adapted from other European languages.

produktīvs priedēklis, piedēklis

(linguistics, of morphological processes) productive (frequently used to form new words)


dzimtā valoda

dzimtā valoda (nominative singular)
dzimtās valodas (nominative plural)
dzimto valodu (accusative singular)
dzimtās valodas (accusative plural)
dzimtās valodas (genitive singular)
dzimto valodu (genitive plural)
dzimtajai valodai (dative singular)
dzimtajām valodām (dative plural)
dzimto valodu (instrumental singular)
dzimtajām valodām (instrumental plural)
dzimtajā valodā (locative singular)
dzimtajās valodās (locative plural)
dzimto valoda (singular vocative)
dzimtā valoda (singular vocative)
dzimtās valodas (plural vocative)

mana dzimtā valoda ir latviešu valoda

starptautiskā dzimtās valodas diena

native language, mother tongue, mother language (one's own first language, acquired in early childhood)


svešvaloda

svešvaloda (nominative singular)
svešvalodas (nominative plural)
svešvalodu (accusative singular)
svešvalodas (accusative plural)
svešvalodas (genitive singular)
svešvalodu (genitive plural)
svešvalodai (dative singular)
svešvalodām (dative plural)
svešvalodu (instrumental singular)
svešvalodām (instrumental plural)
svešvalodā (locative singular)
svešvalodās (locative plural)
svešvaloda (singular vocative)
svešvalodas (plural vocative)

From sveša (“strange, foreign [fem.]”) + valoda (“language”).

compound

mācīties svešvalodas

svešvalodu kursi

svešvalodu skolotāji

Nu un kā klājas Ritai?” “Dzīvo jūrmalā. Taisās studēt svešvalodas.”

“So, and how is Rita?” “She's living at the seaside. She is going to study foreign languages.”

foreign language (a language which is not one's own native language)


svešvārds

svešvārds (nominative singular)
svešvārdi (nominative plural)
svešvārdu (accusative singular)
svešvārdus (accusative plural)
svešvārda (genitive singular)
svešvārdu (genitive plural)
svešvārdam (dative singular)
svešvārdiem (dative plural)
svešvārdu (instrumental singular)
svešvārdiem (instrumental plural)
svešvārdā (locative singular)
svešvārdos (locative plural)
svešvārd (singular vocative)
svešvārdi (plural vocative)

From svešs (“unkonwn, strange, foreign”) + vārds (“word, name”).

svešvārdu vārdnīca

“vai jūs Liepājā tik stingri ievērojat konspirāciju?” Kalvics ievaicājās, viņam tūliņ iepatikās šis Rīgā vēl maz lietotais svešvārds

“are you all in Liepāja observing the conspiracy so strictly?” Kalvics inquired; that foreign word (= conspiracy), still little used in Riga, (clearly) immediately pleased him

rakstiet gudri! lietojiet bagātīgi svešvārdus, speciālus terminus, tā, lai vienkāršs lasītājs neko daudz nevar saprast

write clever! use liberally foreign words, special terms, so that the simple reader does not understand anything much

foreign word (a word borrowed from other languages)


nazālums

nazālums (nominative singular)
nazālumu (accusative singular)
nazāluma (genitive singular)
nazālumam (dative singular)
nazālumu (instrumental singular)
nazālumā (locative singular)
nazālum (singular vocative)

balss nazālums

patskaņa nazālums

slēdzeņa ŋ artikulācija vietas ziņā ir līdzīga līdzskaņu k, g artikulācijai, atšķirdamas tikai ar nazālumu

with respect to the place of articulation, the occlusive ŋ is similar to the articulation of the consonants k, g, differing (from them) only with (= by, because of) nasalization

(phonetics, phonology) nasality, nasalness (the quality of that which is nasal, which is accompanied by simultaneous airflow through the nose)


balsīgums

balsīgums (nominative singular)
balsīgumu (accusative singular)
balsīguma (genitive singular)
balsīgumam (dative singular)
balsīgumu (instrumental singular)
balsīgumā (locative singular)
balsīgum (singular vocative)

From balsīgs (“voiced”) + -ums (with balsīgs from balss (“voice”) + -īgs).

skaņas balsīgums

plūdeņi un nāseņi vārdu beigās zaudē savu balsīgumu

liquids and nasals lose their voice (= become voiceless) word-finally

(phonetics, phonology) voice (the quality of that which is voiced, which is pronounced with simultaneous vibrations of the vocal cords)


nāsenis

nāsenis (nominative singular)
nāseņi (nominative plural)
nāseni (accusative singular)
nāseņus (accusative plural)
nāseņa (genitive singular)
nāseņu (genitive plural)
nāsenim (dative singular)
nāseņiem (dative plural)
nāseni (instrumental singular)
nāseņiem (instrumental plural)
nāsenī (locative singular)
nāseņos (locative plural)
nāseni (singular vocative)
nāseņi (plural vocative)

Coined in the 1920s, from nāss (“nostril”) + -enis.

sanskrita nāsenis ñ ir pielāgojošs alofons līdzskanim n

the Sanskrit nasal consonant ñ is an assimilating allophone of the consonant n

(phonetics, phonology) nasal consonant (a consonant articulated simultaneously with nasal airflow; e.g., m, n)


nazāls

head

nazāls (definite nazālais, comparative nazālāks, superlative visnazālākais, adverb nazāli)

nazālais (definite)
nazālāks (comparative)
visnazālākais (superlative)
nazāli (adverb)
nazāls (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
nazāli (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
nazāla (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
nazālas (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
nazālu (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
nazālus (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
nazālu (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
nazālas (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
nazāla (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
nazālu (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
nazālas (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
nazālu (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
nazālam (dative indefinite masculine singular)
nazāliem (dative indefinite masculine plural)
nazālai (dative feminine indefinite singular)
nazālām (dative feminine indefinite plural)
nazālu (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
nazāliem (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
nazālu (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
nazālām (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
nazālā (indefinite locative masculine singular)
nazālos (indefinite locative masculine plural)
nazālā (feminine indefinite locative singular)
nazālās (feminine indefinite locative plural)

From nāss (“nostril”) + -āls. Clearly not formed as such in Latvian, but borrowed and adapted from other European languages.

nazāla skaņa

nazāls līdzskanis

nazāls patskanis

(phonetics, phonology) nasal (pronounced with simultaneous airflow through the nose)


nazalizēt

nazalizēt (transitive, 2nd conjugation, present nazalizēju, nazalizē, nazalizē, past nazalizēju)

conjugation (second-person)
nazalizēju (present)
nazalizē (present)
nazalizēju (past)
nazalizēju (first-person indicative present singular)
nazalizēju (first-person indicative past singular)
nazalizēšu (first-person future indicative singular)
nazalizē (indicative present second-person singular)
nazalizēji (indicative past second-person singular)
nazalizēsi (future indicative second-person singular)
nazalizē (imperative second-person singular)
nazalizē (indicative present singular third-person)
nazalizēja (indicative past singular third-person)
nazalizēs (future indicative singular third-person)
lai nazalizē (imperative singular third-person)
nazalizējam (first-person indicative plural present)
nazalizējām (first-person indicative past plural)
nazalizēsim (first-person future indicative plural)
nazalizēsim (first-person imperative plural)
nazalizējat (indicative plural present second-person)
nazalizējāt (indicative past plural second-person)
nazalizēsiet (future indicative plural second-person)
nazalizēsit (future indicative plural second-person)
nazalizējiet (imperative plural second-person)
nazalizē (indicative plural present third-person)
nazalizēja (indicative past plural third-person)
nazalizēs (future indicative plural third-person)
lai nazalizē (imperative plural third-person)
nazalizējot (present renarrative)
nazalizējošs (active adjectival participle participle-1 present)
esot nazalizējis (past renarrative)
nazalizēdams (active adverbial participle participle-2 present)
nazalizēšot (future renarrative)
nazalizējot (active adverbial participle participle-3 present)
lai nazalizējot (imperative)
nazalizējam (active participle participle-4 present)
nazalizējis (active participle past)
nazalizētu (conditional present)
būtu nazalizējis (conditional past)
nazalizēts (participle passive past)
jānazalizē (debitive indicative)
būt jānazalizē (debitive indicative)
nazalizēt (infinitive)
esot jānazalizē (conjunctive conjunctive-1 debitive)
nenazalizēt (infinitive negative)
jānazalizējot (conjunctive conjunctive-2 debitive)
nazalizēšana (noun-from-verb)

From nazāls (“nasal”) + -izēt. Clearly not formed as such in Lithuanian, but borrowed and adapted from other European languages.

nazalizēt līdzskani

nazalizēt patskani

(phonetics, phonology) to nasalize (to pronounce a sound with simultaneous airflow through the nose)


nazalizācija

nazalizācija (nominative singular)
nazalizāciju (accusative singular)
nazalizācijas (genitive singular)
nazalizācijai (dative singular)
nazalizāciju (instrumental singular)
nazalizācijā (locative singular)
nazalizācija (singular vocative)

From nazaliz(ēt) (“nasalize”) + -ācija. Clearly not derived as such in Latvian, but borrowed and adapted from other European languages.

fonētikā nazalizācija

(phonetics, phonology) nasalization (pronunciation of a sound with simultaneous nasal airflow)


sakne

sakne (nominative singular)
saknes (nominative plural)
sakni (accusative singular)
saknes (accusative plural)
saknes (genitive singular)
sakņu (genitive plural)
saknei (dative singular)
saknēm (dative plural)
sakni (instrumental singular)
saknēm (instrumental plural)
saknē (locative singular)
saknēs (locative plural)
sakne (singular vocative)
saknes (plural vocative)

From Proto-Baltic *šaknīs from Proto-Indo-European *ḱak- (“branch, stick”) (whence also sakas (q.v.)). Cognate with Lithuanian šaknis, Old Prussian sagnis (*saknis). Originally a feminine i-stem.


ablatīvs

ablatīvs (nominative singular)
ablatīvi (nominative plural)
ablatīvu (accusative singular)
ablatīvus (accusative plural)
ablatīva (genitive singular)
ablatīvu (genitive plural)
ablatīvam (dative singular)
ablatīviem (dative plural)
ablatīvu (instrumental singular)
ablatīviem (instrumental plural)
ablatīvā (locative singular)
ablatīvos (locative plural)
ablatīv (singular vocative)
ablatīvi (plural vocative)

latviešu valodā ablatīva funkcijas daļēji pilda instrumentālis un ģenitīvs

in Latvian, the functions of the ablative are partly fulfilled by the instrumental and the genitive

(grammar) ablative case (one of the inflections in some languages denoting the starting point of an action)