garums

garums (nominative singular)
garumi (nominative plural)
garuma (genitive singular)
garumu (genitive plural)
garumam (dative singular)
garumiem (dative plural)
garumu (accusative singular)
garumus (accusative plural)
garumu (instrumental singular)
garumiem (instrumental plural)
garumā (locative singular)
garumos (locative plural)
garum (singular vocative)
garumi (plural vocative)

patskaņa garumu apzīmē ar svītru virs attiecīgā burta

vowel length is marked with a bar above the corresponding letter

(phonetics, phonology) length (longer pronunciation of a vowel or consonant)


diftongs

diftongs (nominative singular)
diftongi (nominative plural)
diftonga (genitive singular)
diftongu (genitive plural)
diftongam (dative singular)
diftongiem (dative plural)
diftongu (accusative singular)
diftongus (accusative plural)
diftongu (instrumental singular)
diftongiem (instrumental plural)
diftongā (locative singular)
diftongos (locative plural)
diftong (singular vocative)
diftongi (plural vocative)

A borrowing, via some other European language, ultimately from Ancient Greek δίφθογγος (díphthongos, “two sounds”), from δίς (dís, “twice”) and φθόγγος (phthóngos, “sound”).

uder

diftonga komponenti

(phonetics, phonology) diphthong (sequence of two different vowels pronounced in one syllable)


garš

head

garš (definite garais, comparative garāks, superlative visgarākais, adverb gari)

garais (definite)
garāks (comparative)
visgarākais (superlative)
gari (adverb)
garš (masculine nominative singular)
gari (masculine nominative plural)
gara (feminine nominative singular)
garas (feminine nominative plural)
gara (genitive masculine singular)
garu (genitive masculine plural)
garas (feminine genitive singular)
garu (feminine genitive plural)
garam (dative masculine singular)
gariem (dative masculine plural)
garai (dative feminine singular)
garām (dative feminine plural)
garu (accusative masculine singular)
garus (accusative masculine plural)
garu (accusative feminine singular)
garas (accusative feminine plural)
garu (instrumental masculine singular)
gariem (instrumental masculine plural)
garu (feminine instrumental singular)
garām (feminine instrumental plural)
garā (locative masculine singular)
garos (locative masculine plural)
garā (feminine locative singular)
garās (feminine locative plural)
garais (masculine nominative singular)
garie (masculine nominative plural)
garā (feminine nominative singular)
garās (feminine nominative plural)
garā (genitive masculine singular)
garo (genitive masculine plural)
garās (feminine genitive singular)
garo (feminine genitive plural)
garajam (dative masculine singular)
garajiem (dative masculine plural)
garajai (dative feminine singular)
garajām (dative feminine plural)
garo (accusative masculine singular)
garos (accusative masculine plural)
garo (accusative feminine singular)
garās (accusative feminine plural)
garo (instrumental masculine singular)
garajiem (instrumental masculine plural)
garo (feminine instrumental singular)
garajām (feminine instrumental plural)
garajā (locative masculine singular)
garajos (locative masculine plural)
garajā (feminine locative singular)
garajās (feminine locative plural)
garo (masculine singular vocative)
garais (masculine singular vocative)
garie (masculine plural vocative)
garo (feminine singular vocative)
garā (feminine singular vocative)
garās (feminine plural vocative)

From a derived adjective *gar-is of a masculine form *garyas, parallel to old neuter form *garyan (“forest, tree”), from Proto-Balto-Slavic *garā́ˀ, from the o-grade form *gʷorH-eh₂ of Proto-Indo-European *gʷerH- (> *h₁egʷr-), meaning “mountain, peak” and secondarily “forest” (via, e.g., “mountain surrounded by forest”), from which also “tree”. Therefore, there originally was a noun garš meaning “forest, tree”, which apparently left traces in certain Kurzeme placenames (e.g., Garatmatas, a forest in Matkule), but eventually disappeared, perhaps due to homophony with its derived adjective garš (< *garis). This adjective probably meant at first “(high) like a mountain”, “(tall, slender) like a tree” and then simply “high, tall” > “long”. Cognates include Lithuanian dialectal (reduplicated) gargãras, gargar̃as, gingãras (“long, tall animal or person”), Old Prussian garian (“tree”), Russian, Ukrainian гора́ (gorá, “mountain”), Bulgarian гора́ (gorá, “forest, mountain”), Czech hora (“mountain”) (dialectal also “forest of large trees”), Polish góra (“mountain”) (dialectal also “attic, loft”), Serbo-Croatian dialectal gòra (“mountain, forest, tree”), Hittite [script needed] (ẖegur-, “cliff, peak, spike”).

cog

garš patskanis

gara zilbe

(phonetics, phonology) long (pronounced with longer duration)


fonoloģija

fonoloģija (nominative singular)
fonoloģijas (genitive singular)
fonoloģijai (dative singular)
fonoloģiju (accusative singular)
fonoloģiju (instrumental singular)
fonoloģijā (locative singular)
fonoloģija (singular vocative)

Ultimately from Ancient Greek φωνή (phōnḗ, “sound”) and λόγος (lógos, “word, treatise”) + -ija).

latviešu valodas fonoloģija

phonology (science that studies how sounds function in languages; also specifically the study of the sound structure of a given language)


balsīgs

head

balsīgs (definite balsīgais, adverb balsīgi)

balsīgais (definite)
balsīgi (adverb)
balsīgs (masculine nominative singular)
balsīgi (masculine nominative plural)
balsīga (feminine nominative singular)
balsīgas (feminine nominative plural)
balsīga (genitive masculine singular)
balsīgu (genitive masculine plural)
balsīgas (feminine genitive singular)
balsīgu (feminine genitive plural)
balsīgam (dative masculine singular)
balsīgiem (dative masculine plural)
balsīgai (dative feminine singular)
balsīgām (dative feminine plural)
balsīgu (accusative masculine singular)
balsīgus (accusative masculine plural)
balsīgu (accusative feminine singular)
balsīgas (accusative feminine plural)
balsīgu (instrumental masculine singular)
balsīgiem (instrumental masculine plural)
balsīgu (feminine instrumental singular)
balsīgām (feminine instrumental plural)
balsīgā (locative masculine singular)
balsīgos (locative masculine plural)
balsīgā (feminine locative singular)
balsīgās (feminine locative plural)
balsīgais (masculine nominative singular)
balsīgie (masculine nominative plural)
balsīgā (feminine nominative singular)
balsīgās (feminine nominative plural)
balsīgā (genitive masculine singular)
balsīgo (genitive masculine plural)
balsīgās (feminine genitive singular)
balsīgo (feminine genitive plural)
balsīgajam (dative masculine singular)
balsīgajiem (dative masculine plural)
balsīgajai (dative feminine singular)
balsīgajām (dative feminine plural)
balsīgo (accusative masculine singular)
balsīgos (accusative masculine plural)
balsīgo (accusative feminine singular)
balsīgās (accusative feminine plural)
balsīgo (instrumental masculine singular)
balsīgajiem (instrumental masculine plural)
balsīgo (feminine instrumental singular)
balsīgajām (feminine instrumental plural)
balsīgajā (locative masculine singular)
balsīgajos (locative masculine plural)
balsīgajā (feminine locative singular)
balsīgajās (feminine locative plural)
balsīgo (masculine singular vocative)
balsīgais (masculine singular vocative)
balsīgie (masculine plural vocative)
balsīgo (feminine singular vocative)
balsīgā (feminine singular vocative)
balsīgās (feminine plural vocative)

patskaņi ir balsīgas skaņas

balsīgie līdzskaņi

balsīgie troksneņi

(phonetics, phonology) voiced (pronounced with simultaneous vibration of the vocal cords)


īss

īss (definite īsais, comparative īsāks, superlative visīsākais, adverb īsi)

īsais (definite)
īsāks (comparative)
visīsākais (superlative)
īsi (adverb)
īss (masculine nominative singular)
īsi (masculine nominative plural)
īsa (feminine nominative singular)
īsas (feminine nominative plural)
īsa (genitive masculine singular)
īsu (genitive masculine plural)
īsas (feminine genitive singular)
īsu (feminine genitive plural)
īsam (dative masculine singular)
īsiem (dative masculine plural)
īsai (dative feminine singular)
īsām (dative feminine plural)
īsu (accusative masculine singular)
īsus (accusative masculine plural)
īsu (accusative feminine singular)
īsas (accusative feminine plural)
īsu (instrumental masculine singular)
īsiem (instrumental masculine plural)
īsu (feminine instrumental singular)
īsām (feminine instrumental plural)
īsā (locative masculine singular)
īsos (locative masculine plural)
īsā (feminine locative singular)
īsās (feminine locative plural)
īsais (masculine nominative singular)
īsie (masculine nominative plural)
īsā (feminine nominative singular)
īsās (feminine nominative plural)
īsā (genitive masculine singular)
īso (genitive masculine plural)
īsās (feminine genitive singular)
īso (feminine genitive plural)
īsajam (dative masculine singular)
īsajiem (dative masculine plural)
īsajai (dative feminine singular)
īsajām (dative feminine plural)
īso (accusative masculine singular)
īsos (accusative masculine plural)
īso (accusative feminine singular)
īsās (accusative feminine plural)
īso (instrumental masculine singular)
īsajiem (instrumental masculine plural)
īso (feminine instrumental singular)
īsajām (feminine instrumental plural)
īsajā (locative masculine singular)
īsajos (locative masculine plural)
īsajā (feminine locative singular)
īsajās (feminine locative plural)
īso (masculine singular vocative)
īsais (masculine singular vocative)
īsie (masculine plural vocative)
īso (feminine singular vocative)
īsā (feminine singular vocative)
īsās (feminine plural vocative)

From Proto-Baltic *isas, *insas, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁eysh₂- (“to move fast, forcefully, to drive”) (from earlier “to hit, to move, to drive”). This root may have resulted from metathesis of *sey- (“to extend one's arms; strain, strength”), whence sist (“to hit”). Semantic development: “to hit, to move” > “to knock down, to reduce (with a blow)” > “made smaller, shorter” (participle). Cognates include Lithuanian dialectal įsas, Old Prussian insan (accusative), Sanskrit ईषत् (iṣát, “a little, a few”) (< *isn̥t).

der

īss patskanis

īsa zilbe

(phonetics, phonology) short (pronounced with relatively little duration)


fonologs

lv-noun

fonologs m (1st declension, feminine form: fonoloģe)

fonoloģe (feminine)
fonologs (nominative singular)
fonologi (nominative plural)
fonologa (genitive singular)
fonologu (genitive plural)
fonologam (dative singular)
fonologiem (dative plural)
fonologu (accusative singular)
fonologus (accusative plural)
fonologu (instrumental singular)
fonologiem (instrumental plural)
fonologā (locative singular)
fonologos (locative plural)
fonolog (singular vocative)
fonologi (plural vocative)

(male) phonologist (a specialist in phonology)


fonoloģe

fonoloģe f (5th declension, masculine form: fonologs)

fonologs (masculine)
fonoloģe (nominative singular)
fonoloģes (nominative plural)
fonoloģes (genitive singular)
fonoloģu (genitive plural)
fonoloģei (dative singular)
fonoloģēm (dative plural)
fonoloģi (accusative singular)
fonoloģes (accusative plural)
fonoloģi (instrumental singular)
fonoloģēm (instrumental plural)
fonoloģē (locative singular)
fonoloģēs (locative plural)
fonoloģe (singular vocative)
fonoloģes (plural vocative)

From fonologs (“phonologist”) + -e (“fem.”) (with palatalization of g to ģ).

(female) phonologist (a specialist in phonology)


fonoloģisks

head

fonoloģisks (definite fonoloģiskais, adverb fonoloģiski)

fonoloģiskais (definite)
fonoloģiski (adverb)
fonoloģisks (masculine nominative singular)
fonoloģiski (masculine nominative plural)
fonoloģiska (feminine nominative singular)
fonoloģiskas (feminine nominative plural)
fonoloģiska (genitive masculine singular)
fonoloģisku (genitive masculine plural)
fonoloģiskas (feminine genitive singular)
fonoloģisku (feminine genitive plural)
fonoloģiskam (dative masculine singular)
fonoloģiskiem (dative masculine plural)
fonoloģiskai (dative feminine singular)
fonoloģiskām (dative feminine plural)
fonoloģisku (accusative masculine singular)
fonoloģiskus (accusative masculine plural)
fonoloģisku (accusative feminine singular)
fonoloģiskas (accusative feminine plural)
fonoloģisku (instrumental masculine singular)
fonoloģiskiem (instrumental masculine plural)
fonoloģisku (feminine instrumental singular)
fonoloģiskām (feminine instrumental plural)
fonoloģiskā (locative masculine singular)
fonoloģiskos (locative masculine plural)
fonoloģiskā (feminine locative singular)
fonoloģiskās (feminine locative plural)
fonoloģiskais (masculine nominative singular)
fonoloģiskie (masculine nominative plural)
fonoloģiskā (feminine nominative singular)
fonoloģiskās (feminine nominative plural)
fonoloģiskā (genitive masculine singular)
fonoloģisko (genitive masculine plural)
fonoloģiskās (feminine genitive singular)
fonoloģisko (feminine genitive plural)
fonoloģiskajam (dative masculine singular)
fonoloģiskajiem (dative masculine plural)
fonoloģiskajai (dative feminine singular)
fonoloģiskajām (dative feminine plural)
fonoloģisko (accusative masculine singular)
fonoloģiskos (accusative masculine plural)
fonoloģisko (accusative feminine singular)
fonoloģiskās (accusative feminine plural)
fonoloģisko (instrumental masculine singular)
fonoloģiskajiem (instrumental masculine plural)
fonoloģisko (feminine instrumental singular)
fonoloģiskajām (feminine instrumental plural)
fonoloģiskajā (locative masculine singular)
fonoloģiskajos (locative masculine plural)
fonoloģiskajā (feminine locative singular)
fonoloģiskajās (feminine locative plural)
fonoloģisko (masculine singular vocative)
fonoloģiskais (masculine singular vocative)
fonoloģiskie (masculine plural vocative)
fonoloģisko (feminine singular vocative)
fonoloģiskā (feminine singular vocative)
fonoloģiskās (feminine plural vocative)

From fonoloģija (“phonology”) + -isks. Probably not derived as such in Latvian, but borrowed and adapted from another European language.

fonoloģiskā analīze


patskanis

patskanis (nominative singular)
patskaņi (nominative plural)
patskaņa (genitive singular)
patskaņu (genitive plural)
patskanim (dative singular)
patskaņiem (dative plural)
patskani (accusative singular)
patskaņus (accusative plural)
patskani (instrumental singular)
patskaņiem (instrumental plural)
patskanī (locative singular)
patskaņos (locative plural)
patskani (singular vocative)
patskaņi (plural vocative)
pašskanis (alternative)
pašskaņa (alternative)
patskaņa (alternative)

From pats (“self”) + skan(ēt) (“to sound”), made into a 2nd-declension noun (ending -is). A calque of German Selbstlaut (“vowel”) coined by Atis Kronvalds in the 1860s (initially as pašskanis). It competed with, and eventually replaced, other coinages such as G. F. Stenders' skandinieks, K. Biezbārdis' skanis, or A. Stērste's balsskanis. There was some variation (patskanis, pašskaņa, patskaņa) until the early 20th century. After J. Endzelīns' and K. Mīlenbahs' 1907 Latviešu Gramatika, the form patskanis stabilized. It became accepted as a standard linguistic term in the 1920s.

uzsvērti un neuzsvērti patskaņi

garie un īsie patskaņi

patskaņu klasifikācija

šaurais patskanis (“e” vai “ē”)

narrow, tense vowel (“e” or “ē”, pronounced as IPA [ɛ])

platais patskanis (“e” vai “ē”)

broad, lax vowel (“e” or “ē”, pronounced as IPA [æ])

ritma, lāpāmais patskanis

rhythmic vowel (added for prosodic or metric reasons)


vokālis

vokālis (nominative singular)
vokāļi (nominative plural)
vokāļa (genitive singular)
vokāļu (genitive plural)
vokālim (dative singular)
vokāļiem (dative plural)
vokāli (accusative singular)
vokāļus (accusative plural)
vokāli (instrumental singular)
vokāļiem (instrumental plural)
vokālī (locative singular)
vokāļos (locative plural)
vokāli (singular vocative)
vokāļi (plural vocative)

A borrowing, via some other European language, ultimately from Latin vōcālis (“voiced”).

ritma, lāpāmais vokālis


līdzskanis

līdzskanis (nominative singular)
līdzskaņi (nominative plural)
līdzskaņa (genitive singular)
līdzskaņu (genitive plural)
līdzskanim (dative singular)
līdzskaņiem (dative plural)
līdzskani (accusative singular)
līdzskaņus (accusative plural)
līdzskani (instrumental singular)
līdzskaņiem (instrumental plural)
līdzskanī (locative singular)
līdzskaņos (locative plural)
līdzskani (singular vocative)
līdzskaņi (plural vocative)
līdzskaņa (alternative)

A term coined by Atis Kronvalds in the second half of the 19th century, from līdz(i) (“(together) with”) + skan(ēt) (“to sound”), made into a 2nd-declension noun (ending -is). It is a calque of German Mitlaut, from mit (“with”) and Laut (“sound”), itself a calque of Latin cōnsonans, from cōn- (“with”) and sonō (“to sound”).
It (and its alternative form līdzskaņa) competed with other proposed coinages, such as K. Biezbārdis' klaudzis and M. Kaudzīte's neskanis, until the end of the 19th century. After J. Endzelīns' and K. Mīlenbahs' 1907 Latviešu Gramatika, the form līdzskanis stabilized. It became accepted as a standard linguistic term in the 1920s.

compound

balsīgi un nebalsīgi līdzskaņi

dubultoti līdzskaņi

līdzskaņu klasifikācija

cietais līdzskanis

mīkstais līdzskanis

(phonetics, phonology) consonant (language sound pronounced with some kind of obstruction in the vocal tract)


divskanis

divskanis (nominative singular)
divskaņi (nominative plural)
divskaņa (genitive singular)
divskaņu (genitive plural)
divskanim (dative singular)
divskaņiem (dative plural)
divskani (accusative singular)
divskaņus (accusative plural)
divskani (instrumental singular)
divskaņiem (instrumental plural)
divskanī (locative singular)
divskaņos (locative plural)
divskani (singular vocative)
divskaņi (plural vocative)

Coined by Andrejs Stērste in 1879, from div(i) (“two”) + skan(ēt) (“to sound”).

latviešu valodas divskaņi


triftongs

triftongs (nominative singular)
triftongi (nominative plural)
triftonga (genitive singular)
triftongu (genitive plural)
triftongam (dative singular)
triftongiem (dative plural)
triftongu (accusative singular)
triftongus (accusative plural)
triftongu (instrumental singular)
triftongiem (instrumental plural)
triftongā (locative singular)
triftongos (locative plural)
triftong (singular vocative)
triftongi (plural vocative)

A borrowing, via some other European language, ultimately from Ancient Greek τρία (tría, “three”) and φθόγγος (phthóngos, “sound”).

triftonga komponenti

(phonetics, phonology) triphthong (sequence of three different vowels pronounced in one syllable)


nāsenis

nāsenis (nominative singular)
nāseņi (nominative plural)
nāseņa (genitive singular)
nāseņu (genitive plural)
nāsenim (dative singular)
nāseņiem (dative plural)
nāseni (accusative singular)
nāseņus (accusative plural)
nāseni (instrumental singular)
nāseņiem (instrumental plural)
nāsenī (locative singular)
nāseņos (locative plural)
nāseni (singular vocative)
nāseņi (plural vocative)

Coined in the 1920s, from nāss (“nostril”) + -enis.

sanskrita nāsenis ñ ir pielāgojošs alofons līdzskanim n

the Sanskrit nasal consonant ñ is an assimilating allophone of the consonant n

(phonetics, phonology) nasal consonant (a consonant articulated simultaneously with nasal airflow; e.g., m, n)


nazāls

head

nazāls (definite nazālais, comparative nazālāks, superlative visnazālākais, adverb nazāli)

nazālais (definite)
nazālāks (comparative)
visnazālākais (superlative)
nazāli (adverb)
nazāls (masculine nominative singular)
nazāli (masculine nominative plural)
nazāla (feminine nominative singular)
nazālas (feminine nominative plural)
nazāla (genitive masculine singular)
nazālu (genitive masculine plural)
nazālas (feminine genitive singular)
nazālu (feminine genitive plural)
nazālam (dative masculine singular)
nazāliem (dative masculine plural)
nazālai (dative feminine singular)
nazālām (dative feminine plural)
nazālu (accusative masculine singular)
nazālus (accusative masculine plural)
nazālu (accusative feminine singular)
nazālas (accusative feminine plural)
nazālu (instrumental masculine singular)
nazāliem (instrumental masculine plural)
nazālu (feminine instrumental singular)
nazālām (feminine instrumental plural)
nazālā (locative masculine singular)
nazālos (locative masculine plural)
nazālā (feminine locative singular)
nazālās (feminine locative plural)
nazālais (masculine nominative singular)
nazālie (masculine nominative plural)
nazālā (feminine nominative singular)
nazālās (feminine nominative plural)
nazālā (genitive masculine singular)
nazālo (genitive masculine plural)
nazālās (feminine genitive singular)
nazālo (feminine genitive plural)
nazālajam (dative masculine singular)
nazālajiem (dative masculine plural)
nazālajai (dative feminine singular)
nazālajām (dative feminine plural)
nazālo (accusative masculine singular)
nazālos (accusative masculine plural)
nazālo (accusative feminine singular)
nazālās (accusative feminine plural)
nazālo (instrumental masculine singular)
nazālajiem (instrumental masculine plural)
nazālo (feminine instrumental singular)
nazālajām (feminine instrumental plural)
nazālajā (locative masculine singular)
nazālajos (locative masculine plural)
nazālajā (feminine locative singular)
nazālajās (feminine locative plural)
nazālo (masculine singular vocative)
nazālais (masculine singular vocative)
nazālie (masculine plural vocative)
nazālo (feminine singular vocative)
nazālā (feminine singular vocative)
nazālās (feminine plural vocative)

From nāss (“nostril”) + -āls. Clearly not formed as such in Latvian, but borrowed and adapted from other European languages.

nazāla skaņa

nazāls līdzskanis

nazāls patskanis

(phonetics, phonology) nasal (pronounced with simultaneous airflow through the nose)


nazalizēt

nazalizēt (transitive, 2nd conjugation, present nazalizēju, nazalizē, nazalizē, past nazalizēju)

conjugation (second-person)
nazalizēju (present)
nazalizē (present)
nazalizēju (past)
es (first-person indicative singular)
nazalizēju (first-person indicative present singular)
nazalizēju (first-person indicative past singular)
nazalizēšu (first-person future indicative singular)
tu (indicative second-person singular)
nazalizē (indicative present second-person singular)
nazalizēji (indicative past second-person singular)
nazalizēsi (future indicative second-person singular)
nazalizē (imperative second-person singular)
viņš (indicative singular third-person)
viņa (indicative singular third-person)
nazalizē (indicative present singular third-person)
nazalizēja (indicative past singular third-person)
nazalizēs (future indicative singular third-person)
lai nazalizē (imperative singular third-person)
mēs (first-person indicative plural)
nazalizējam (first-person indicative plural present)
nazalizējām (first-person indicative past plural)
nazalizēsim (first-person future indicative plural)
nazalizēsim (first-person imperative plural)
jūs (indicative plural second-person)
nazalizējat (indicative plural present second-person)
nazalizējāt (indicative past plural second-person)
nazalizēsiet (future indicative plural second-person)
nazalizēsit (future indicative plural second-person)
nazalizējiet (imperative plural second-person)
viņi (indicative plural third-person)
viņas (indicative plural third-person)
nazalizē (indicative plural present third-person)
nazalizēja (indicative past plural third-person)
nazalizēs (future indicative plural third-person)
lai nazalizē (imperative plural third-person)
nazalizējot (present renarrative)
nazalizējošs (participle)
esot nazalizējis (past renarrative)
nazalizēdams (participle)
nazalizēšot (future renarrative)
nazalizējot (participle)
lai nazalizējot (imperative)
nazalizējam (participle)
nazalizējis (active conditional participle past)
nazalizētu (conditional present)
būtu nazalizējis (conditional past)
nazalizēts (participle passive past)
jānazalizē (debitive indicative)
būt jānazalizē (debitive indicative)
nazalizēt (infinitive)
esot jānazalizē (conditional debitive)
nenazalizēt
jānazalizējot (conditional debitive)
nazalizēšana (noun-from-verb)

From nazāls (“nasal”) + -izēt. Clearly not formed as such in Lithuanian, but borrowed and adapted from other European languages.

nazalizēt līdzskani

nazalizēt patskani

(phonetics, phonology) to nasalize (to pronounce a sound with simultaneous airflow through the nose)


nazālums

nazālums (nominative singular)
nazāluma (genitive singular)
nazālumam (dative singular)
nazālumu (accusative singular)
nazālumu (instrumental singular)
nazālumā (locative singular)
nazālum (singular vocative)

balss nazālums

patskaņa nazālums

slēdzeņa ŋ artikulācija vietas ziņā ir līdzīga līdzskaņu k, g artikulācijai, atšķirdamas tikai ar nazālumu

with respect to the place of articulation, the occlusive ŋ is similar to the articulation of the consonants k, g, differing (from them) only with (= by, because of) nasalization

(phonetics, phonology) nasality, nasalness (the quality of that which is nasal, which is accompanied by simultaneous airflow through the nose)


balsīgums

balsīgums (nominative singular)
balsīguma (genitive singular)
balsīgumam (dative singular)
balsīgumu (accusative singular)
balsīgumu (instrumental singular)
balsīgumā (locative singular)
balsīgum (singular vocative)

From balsīgs (“voiced”) + -ums (with balsīgs from balss (“voice”) + -īgs).

skaņas balsīgums

plūdeņi un nāseņi vārdu beigās zaudē savu balsīgumu

liquids and nasals lose their voice (= become voiceless) word-finally

(phonetics, phonology) voice (the quality of that which is voiced, which is pronounced with simultaneous vibrations of the vocal cords)


nazalizācija

nazalizācija (nominative singular)
nazalizācijas (genitive singular)
nazalizācijai (dative singular)
nazalizāciju (accusative singular)
nazalizāciju (instrumental singular)
nazalizācijā (locative singular)
nazalizācija (singular vocative)

From nazaliz(ēt) (“nasalize”) + -ācija. Clearly not derived as such in Latvian, but borrowed and adapted from other European languages.

fonētikā nazalizācija

(phonetics, phonology) nasalization (pronunciation of a sound with simultaneous nasal airflow)


starptautiskais fonētiskais alfabēts

lv-noun

starptautiskais fonētiskais alfabēts f (1st declension)

International Phonetic Alphabet
International Phonetic Alphabet

(phonetics) International Phonetic Alphabet