laiva

laiva (nominative singular)
laivas (nominative plural)
laivas (genitive singular)
laivu (genitive plural)
laivai (dative singular)
laivām (dative plural)
laivu (accusative singular)
laivas (accusative plural)
laivu (instrumental singular)
laivām (instrumental plural)
laivā (locative singular)
laivās (locative plural)
laiva (singular vocative)
laivas (plural vocative)

Cognates include Lithuanian lai̇̃vas, dialectal lai̇̃vė, archaic lai̇̃va. The relationship by borrowing to Proto-Finnic *laiva (Finnish laiva “ship; nave”, Estonian laev, Livonian lōja) is also undisputed, leaving the question of which family had the word first. It is now identified as a borrowing from Proto-Germanic *flawją (cf. Old Norse fley “boat,” “raft”) into Finnic and thence Baltic, showing the Finnic sound law *vj > jv established by Koivulehto (1970). Earlier, a Baltic inherited origin had been sought. Karulis took the word to be perhaps originally used by Curonian fishermen and later spread to all the Eastern shore of the Baltic Sea, and offered the internal etymology Proto-Baltic *leiw-, *laiw-, from Proto-Indo-European *ley- with an extra -w, from *el-ey, from *Heh₃l- (“to bend, to turn”); this theory would make the original meaning “bent, concave (object).”

buru laiva

airu laiva

zvejas laiva

glābšanas laiva

sacīkšu laiva

laivu stacija

braukt ar laivu

vizināties, braukt ar laivu pa ezeru

nolicis airi, noliecos pār laivas malu un sāku raut ūdens augus

letting go of the oar, I leaned over the boat edge and began to pluck the aquatic plants

boat (small vehicle for transporting people, goods, etc. on water)


ritenis

ritenis (nominative singular)
riteņi (nominative plural)
riteņa (genitive singular)
riteņu (genitive plural)
ritenim (dative singular)
riteņiem (dative plural)
riteni (accusative singular)
riteņus (accusative plural)
riteni (instrumental singular)
riteņiem (instrumental plural)
ritenī (locative singular)
riteņos (locative plural)
riteni (singular vocative)
riteņi (plural vocative)

braukt ar riteni

bicycle (two-wheeled vehicle with pedals)


rati

nominative plural of rats

vocative plural of rats


kuģis

kuģis (nominative singular)
kuģi (nominative plural)
kuģa (genitive singular)
kuģu (genitive plural)
kuģim (dative singular)
kuģiem (dative plural)
kuģi (accusative singular)
kuģus (accusative plural)
kuģi (instrumental singular)
kuģiem (instrumental plural)
kuģī (locative singular)
kuģos (locative plural)
kuģi (singular vocative)
kuģi (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Middle Low German kogge (“wide, roundish ship”), or from Old Frisian kogge, Middle Dutch kogge, or perhaps from Old Norse kuggi (“sea vessel”) or Swedish kogg (“merchant ship”). The word was first used in Germanic languages to refer to a kind of sail, wide with stumpy, roundish ends; it spread all over the Baltic sea in the 14th-15th centuries with the Hanseatic league, when it was borrowed into Latvian. At first used only as sailors' slang, it spread under Swedish influence in the 17th and 18th century (though one 18th-century author mentions that kuģis was used mostly in Riga, liela laiva “big boat” being used elsewhere); by the mid-19th century, it had become a general term for all kinds of ships in the standard language.

bor

gaisa kuģis, gaisakuģis

kosmikais, kosmosa kuģis


mašīna

mašīna (nominative singular)
mašīnas (nominative plural)
mašīnas (genitive singular)
mašīnu (genitive plural)
mašīnai (dative singular)
mašīnām (dative plural)
mašīnu (accusative singular)
mašīnas (accusative plural)
mašīnu (instrumental singular)
mašīnām (instrumental plural)
mašīnā (locative singular)
mašīnās (locative plural)
mašīna (singular vocative)
mašīnas (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Russian маши́на (mašína), from Middle French machine, from Latin māchina, from Ancient Greek μαχανά (makhaná, Doric form of μηχανή).

der

Doric form of <i class="Polyt mention" lang="grc">μηχανή</i>

aizbraukt ar mašīnu uz staciju

iesēsties mašīnā

ātrās palīdzības mašīna


divritenis

divritenis (nominative singular)
divriteņi (nominative plural)
divriteņa (genitive singular)
divriteņu (genitive plural)
divritenim (dative singular)
divriteņiem (dative plural)
divriteni (accusative singular)
divriteņus (accusative plural)
divriteni (instrumental singular)
divriteņiem (instrumental plural)
divritenī (locative singular)
divriteņos (locative plural)
divriteni (singular vocative)
divriteņi (plural vocative)

divriteņa riepas

divriteņa stūre

braukt ar divriteni

nokāpt no divriteņa

bicycle, bike (two-wheeled vehicle with pedals)


velosipēds

velosipēds (nominative singular)
velosipēdi (nominative plural)
velosipēda (genitive singular)
velosipēdu (genitive plural)
velosipēdam (dative singular)
velosipēdiem (dative plural)
velosipēdu (accusative singular)
velosipēdus (accusative plural)
velosipēdu (instrumental singular)
velosipēdiem (instrumental plural)
velosipēdā (locative singular)
velosipēdos (locative plural)
velosipēd (singular vocative)
velosipēdi (plural vocative)

tūrisma velosipēds

sporta velosipēds

sacīkšu velosipēds

saliekamais velosipēds

velosipēda rāmis

velosipēda bagāžnieks

velosipēda riepas

uzkāpt uz velosipēda


bruņuvilciens

bruņuvilciens (nominative singular)
bruņuvilcieni (nominative plural)
bruņuvilciena (genitive singular)
bruņuvilcienu (genitive plural)
bruņuvilcienam (dative singular)
bruņuvilcieniem (dative plural)
bruņuvilcienu (accusative singular)
bruņuvilcienus (accusative plural)
bruņuvilcienu (instrumental singular)
bruņuvilcieniem (instrumental plural)
bruņuvilcienā (locative singular)
bruņuvilcienos (locative plural)
bruņuvilcien (singular vocative)
bruņuvilcieni (plural vocative)
bruņu vilciens (alternative)

From bruņu (“armor gen.”) + vilciens (“train”).


vilciens

vilciens (nominative singular)
vilcieni (nominative plural)
vilciena (genitive singular)
vilcienu (genitive plural)
vilcienam (dative singular)
vilcieniem (dative plural)
vilcienu (accusative singular)
vilcienus (accusative plural)
vilcienu (instrumental singular)
vilcieniem (instrumental plural)
vilcienā (locative singular)
vilcienos (locative plural)
vilcien (singular vocative)
vilcieni (plural vocative)

From vilk(t) (“to pull”) + -iens (with k > c palatalization) by analogy with German ziehen (“to pull”), Zug (“train”). The sense “train” originated at the end of the 19th century and became frequent in the 20th century, replacing a previous borrowing bānis, from German Bahn (“way”), Eisenbahn (“railway”).

braukt ar vilcienu

tālsatiksmes vilciens

piepilsētas vilciens

elektriskais vilciens

pasta, preču, vilciens

smagsvara vilciens

pasažieru, tūristu vilciens

vilcienu saraksts

vilciena kupeja

vilciena pavadonis

nokavēt vilcienu

train (line of connected railroad cars pulled by a locomotive)


sniega arkls

sniega arkls (nominative singular)
sniega arkli (nominative plural)
sniega arkla (genitive singular)
sniega arklu (genitive plural)
sniega arklam (dative singular)
sniega arkliem (dative plural)
sniega arklu (accusative singular)
sniega arklus (accusative plural)
sniega arklu (instrumental singular)
sniega arkliem (instrumental plural)
sniega arklā (locative singular)
sniega arklos (locative plural)
sniega arkl (singular vocative)
sniega arkli (plural vocative)

jaudīgs, rotējošs sniega arkls

snow plow (US), snow plough (UK) (device for removing snow)


kamanas

kamanas (nominative plural)
kamanu (genitive plural)
kamanām (dative plural)
kamanas (accusative plural)
kamanām (instrumental plural)
kamanās (locative plural)
kamanas (plural vocative)

A vowel assimilation assimilation (e to a) variant of an old en-stem word — with an extra final -e — kamene “spruce or oak bark,” figuratively also “sleigh” (in the plural kamenes, apparently because in ancient times heavy loads were transported over peeled-off tree bark as if over runners), from Proto-Baltic *kam-, from the ablauted form *kom- of Proto-Indo-European *kem- “to squeeze, to compress,” therefore also “bent, round” (whence Latvian dialectal čems, kams). Cognates include Lithuanian kami̇́enas, kamė́nas (“tree trunk”), kãmanos (“bridle”), Czech kmen (“stem, trunk”), Polish kien (“stump, bar, log”), Gothic 𐌷𐌹𐌼𐌹𐌽𐍃 (himins, “sky, firmament”), Old Norse himenn, German Himmel, Dutch hemel, Tajik dialectal kamali (“sleigh runners”).

cog

jūgt kamanās

to harness (a horse) to (lit. in) a sleigh

braukt ar kamanām

braukt kamanās

briežu kamanas

suņu kamanas

kamanu sega

zem kamanu sliecēm gurkstēja sniegs

the snow crunched under the sleigh runners

vedējs un milicis Kaņeps izlēca no kamanām

the driver and police agent Kaņeps jumped out of the sleigh

(only plural) sleigh (vehicle on runners pulled by animals over snow or ice)


autobuss

autobuss (nominative singular)
autobusi (nominative plural)
autobusa (genitive singular)
autobusu (genitive plural)
autobusam (dative singular)
autobusiem (dative plural)
autobusu (accusative singular)
autobusus (accusative plural)
autobusu (instrumental singular)
autobusiem (instrumental plural)
autobusā (locative singular)
autobusos (locative plural)
autobus (singular vocative)
autobusi (plural vocative)

Probably via other European languages, ultimately borrowed from French autobus.

komfortabls autobuss

tālsatiksmes autobuss

ātrgaitas autobuss

autobusu pietura

autobusu satiksme

autobusa šoferis

autobusu parks

atklāt jaunu autobusu līniju

dzelteni, zili un sarkani autobusi slīd pa Latvijas republikas ceļiem; ik dienas tie pārvadā tūkstošiem pasažieru

yellow, blue and red buses slides along the roads of the Latvian republic; every day they carry thousands of passagers

“jūs taču doties uz pilsētu autobusā?” vaicāja Ieva

“but you are going to town in (= by) bus?” Eve asked

bus (large motor vehicle used to transport many passengers on roads)


automobilis

automobilis (nominative singular)
automobiļi (nominative plural)
automobiļa (genitive singular)
automobiļu (genitive plural)
automobilim (dative singular)
automobiļiem (dative plural)
automobili (accusative singular)
automobiļus (accusative plural)
automobili (instrumental singular)
automobiļiem (instrumental plural)
automobilī (locative singular)
automobiļos (locative plural)
automobili (singular vocative)
automobiļi (plural vocative)


motocikls

motocikls (nominative singular)
motocikli (nominative plural)
motocikla (genitive singular)
motociklu (genitive plural)
motociklam (dative singular)
motocikliem (dative plural)
motociklu (accusative singular)
motociklus (accusative plural)
motociklu (instrumental singular)
motocikliem (instrumental plural)
motociklā (locative singular)
motociklos (locative plural)
motocikl (singular vocative)
motocikli (plural vocative)


kosmosa kuģis

kosmosa kuģis (nominative singular)
kosmosa kuģi (nominative plural)
kosmosa kuģa (genitive singular)
kosmosa kuģu (genitive plural)
kosmosa kuģim (dative singular)
kosmosa kuģiem (dative plural)
kosmosa kuģi (accusative singular)
kosmosa kuģus (accusative plural)
kosmosa kuģi (instrumental singular)
kosmosa kuģiem (instrumental plural)
kosmosa kuģī (locative singular)
kosmosa kuģos (locative plural)
kosmosa kuģi (singular vocative)
kosmosa kuģi (plural vocative)

From kosmosa, genitive singular form of kosmoss (“cosmos”) + kuģis (“ship”).


raķete

raķete (nominative singular)
raķetes (nominative plural)
raķetes (genitive singular)
raķešu (genitive plural)
raķetei (dative singular)
raķetēm (dative plural)
raķeti (accusative singular)
raķetes (accusative plural)
raķeti (instrumental singular)
raķetēm (instrumental plural)
raķetē (locative singular)
raķetēs (locative plural)
raķete (singular vocative)
raķetes (plural vocative)

Ultimately from Italian rocchetta, dim. of rocca (“distaff”).


kariete

kariete (nominative singular)
karietes (nominative plural)
karietes (genitive singular)
kariešu (genitive plural)
karietei (dative singular)
karietēm (dative plural)
karieti (accusative singular)
karietes (accusative plural)
karieti (instrumental singular)
karietēm (instrumental plural)
karietē (locative singular)
karietēs (locative plural)
kariete (singular vocative)
karietes (plural vocative)

carriage, coach (wheeled vehicle, generally drawn by horse power)