zebra

zebra (nominative singular)
zebras (nominative plural)
zebras (genitive singular)
zebru (genitive plural)
zebrai (dative singular)
zebrām (dative plural)
zebru (accusative singular)
zebras (accusative plural)
zebru (instrumental singular)
zebrām (instrumental plural)
zebrā (locative singular)
zebrās (locative plural)
zebra (singular vocative)
zebras (plural vocative)

Possibly ultimately from a Congolese name for the animal, via Portuguese, via some other European language. Possibly also ultimately from Latin equiferus (“wild horse”), via Portuguese and/or Italian.


lama

lama (nominative singular)
lamas (nominative plural)
lamas (genitive singular)
lamu (genitive plural)
lamai (dative singular)
lamām (dative plural)
lamu (accusative singular)
lamas (accusative plural)
lamu (instrumental singular)
lamām (instrumental plural)
lamā (locative singular)
lamās (locative plural)
lama (singular vocative)
lamas (plural vocative)


lama

lama (nominative singular)
lamas (nominative plural)
lamas (genitive singular)
lamu (genitive plural)
lamam (dative singular)
lamām (dative plural)
lamu (accusative singular)
lamas (accusative plural)
lamu (instrumental singular)
lamām (instrumental plural)
lamā (locative singular)
lamās (locative plural)
lama (singular vocative)
lamas (plural vocative)


bite

bite (nominative singular)
bites (nominative plural)
bites (genitive singular)
bišu (genitive plural)
bitei (dative singular)
bitēm (dative plural)
biti (accusative singular)
bites (accusative plural)
biti (instrumental singular)
bitēm (instrumental plural)
bitē (locative singular)
bitēs (locative plural)
bite (singular vocative)
bites (plural vocative)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *bitē (compare Lithuanian bitė), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰey-, *bʰī-. Cognate to English bee.


ola

ola (nominative singular)
olas (nominative plural)
olas (genitive singular)
olu (genitive plural)
olai (dative singular)
olām (dative plural)
olu (accusative singular)
olas (accusative plural)
olu (instrumental singular)
olām (instrumental plural)
olā (locative singular)
olās (locative plural)
ola (singular vocative)
olas (plural vocative)

From a previous Proto-Baltic neuter noun *wuolan, from Proto-Baltic *wuol-, from Proto-Indo-European *wēl-, *wōl-, the lengthened grade of the stem *wel- (“to turn, to roll, to wind”), whence also velt (“to roll, to trundle”). The original meaning was therefore “something that turns, rolls”, still visible in the dialectal verb olāt (“to roll, to trundle”), and in the standard Latvian term olis (“round pebble”), dialectally also ola. It is possible that Proto-Indo-European *h₂ōwyóm (“egg”), which would have become *wowan in Proto-Baltic, may have influenced the development of *wuolan into ola. A synonym term pauts was used alongside ola until the beginning of the 20th century, when ola became dominant and replaced it. Cognates include Lithuanian uolà (“cliff, rock”).

cieti, mīksti vārīta ola

cieta, mīksta ola

nolobīt olu

jēla ola

raw egg (also: unexperienced, naive person)

cepta ola

pildīta ola

olu kultenis

izdzert olu

to drink an egg (= to suck the liquid through a hole on the eggshell)

Lieldienu ola

Easter egg (painted egg, part of the celebration of Easter)

mums, kā vistu neturēja, tā olu pašiem nebija

since we didn't keep hens, we didn't have eggs

egg (said reproductive cell, usually from birds, used as food)


mango

Via other European languages, see etymology at English mango.

Mango ir viens no tropu svarīgākajiem augļu kokiem.

The mango is one of the most important tropical fruit trees.

tree of the genus Mangifera with aromatic, sweet fruits


riet

head

riet (transitive, 1st conjugation, present reju, rej, rej, past rēju)

conjugation (first-person)
reju (present)
rej (present)
rēju (past)
reju (first-person indicative present singular)
rēju (first-person indicative past singular)
riešu (first-person future indicative singular)
rej (indicative present second-person singular)
rēji (indicative past second-person singular)
riesi (future indicative second-person singular)
rej (imperative second-person singular)
rej (indicative present singular third-person)
rēja (indicative past singular third-person)
ries (future indicative singular third-person)
lai rej (imperative singular third-person)
rejam (first-person indicative plural present)
rējām (first-person indicative past plural)
riesim (first-person future indicative plural)
riesim (first-person imperative plural)
rejat (indicative plural present second-person)
rējāt (indicative past plural second-person)
riesiet (future indicative plural second-person)
riesit (future indicative plural second-person)
rejiet (imperative plural second-person)
rej (indicative plural present third-person)
rēja (indicative past plural third-person)
ries (future indicative plural third-person)
lai rej (imperative plural third-person)
rejot (present renarrative)
rejošs (active adjectival participle participle-1 present)
esot rējis (past renarrative)
riedams (active adverbial participle participle-2 present)
riešot (future renarrative)
rejot (active adverbial participle participle-3 present)
lai rejot (imperative)
rejam (active participle participle-4 present)
rējis (active participle past)
rietu (conditional present)
būtu rējis (conditional past)
jārej (debitive indicative)
būt jārej (debitive indicative)
riet (infinitive)
esot jārej (conjunctive conjunctive-1 debitive)
neriet (infinitive negative)
jārejot (conjunctive conjunctive-2 debitive)
riešana (noun-from-verb)

From Proto-Baltic *rey-tey, *rey-ti, from Proto-Indo-European *rey-. The original diphthong ey is still seen in the present tense forms (reju, etc.). Cognates include Lithuanian ríeti (“to bark; to scold”), Old Prussian rīgewings (/rījewinɡs/, “quarreling”), Russian dialectal ра́ять (rájatʹ, “to make noise”), Old High German rērēn, Middle High German rēren (“to bleat, to bellow, to shout”), German röhren, Sanskrit रायति (rāyati, “to bark”), Ossetian рӕйын (ræjyn), рӕйун (ræjun), Northern Kurdish reyîn (“to bark”).

cog

Nakts vidū suņi sāka neganti riet.

In the middle of the night, the dogs started barking fiercely.

Naktīs varēja dzirdēt vilkus gaudojam un lapsas rejam māju tuvumā.

At night, one could hear the wolves wailing and the foxes barking near the house.

(of animals, especially dogs) to bark (to produce short, loud noises with the vocal organs)


store

store (nominative singular)
stores (nominative plural)
stores (genitive singular)
storu (genitive plural)
storei (dative singular)
storēm (dative plural)
stori (accusative singular)
stores (accusative plural)
stori (instrumental singular)
storēm (instrumental plural)
storē (locative singular)
storēs (locative plural)
store (singular vocative)
stores (plural vocative)


apse

apse (nominative singular)
apses (nominative plural)
apses (genitive singular)
apšu (genitive plural)
apsei (dative singular)
apsēm (dative plural)
apsi (accusative singular)
apses (accusative plural)
apsi (instrumental singular)
apsēm (instrumental plural)
apsē (locative singular)
apsēs (locative plural)
apse (singular vocative)
apses (plural vocative)

From Proto-Baltic *apse, from Proto-Indo-European *apsā, from *(H)osp-, already the name of the same tree.
Cognates include Lithuanian ẽpušė, dialectal ãpušė, apušė̃, Old Prussian abse, Proto-Slavic *o(p)sa (Russian оси́на (osína), Ukrainian оси́на (osýna), Belarusian асі́на (asína), all from earlier *o(p)sina, Bulgarian оси́ка (osíka), Czech dialectal and Polish osa, osina), Old High German aspa, Middle High German aspe, German Espe, Old Norse ǫsp, English asp, Swedish asp.

apses koksne

smaržīgā apse

ātraudzīgā apse

trīc kā apšu lapa

Populus tremula
Populus tremula#Translingual


vau

Apparently of onomatopoeic (imitative) origin.

vau, vau! Krančelis kaukdams kliedza

woof! woof! Krančelis (= dog) cried, howling

woof (the sound a dog makes while barking)


paprika

paprika (nominative singular)
paprikas (nominative plural)
paprikas (genitive singular)
papriku (genitive plural)
paprikai (dative singular)
paprikām (dative plural)
papriku (accusative singular)
paprikas (accusative plural)
papriku (instrumental singular)
paprikām (instrumental plural)
paprikā (locative singular)
paprikās (locative plural)
paprika (singular vocative)
paprikas (plural vocative)

Via other European languages, borrowed from Hungarian paprika, itself from Serbo-Croatian páprika, from pȁpar, from Latin piper (“pepper”), whence also Latvian pipars (q.v.).

paprikas augļi

paprika dienvidos ir puskrūms, bet Latvijā to audzē kā viengadīgu augu

in the south, sweet pepper is a perennial bush (= plant), but in Latvia it is grown as an annual plant

paprikas dzimtene ir Amerikas kontinenta tropu rajoni

the native land of sweet peppers are the tropical regions of the American continent

Capsicum annuum
Capsicum annuum#Translingual

sweet pepper, bell pepper (non-spicy type or cultivar of pepper, esp. Capsicum annuum)

gaļu sagriež gabaliņos, apcep taukvielā, liek katlā, pievieno papriku

cut the meat into small pieces, fry in a fat substance (= butter or margarine), put it in a pot (and) add paprika

(only plural) sweet pepper (the green, yellow or red fruits of this plant, eaten as vegetables; also, a condiment powder made from these fruits)


goba

goba (nominative singular)
gobas (nominative plural)
gobas (genitive singular)
gobu (genitive plural)
gobai (dative singular)
gobām (dative plural)
gobu (accusative singular)
gobas (accusative plural)
gobu (instrumental singular)
gobām (instrumental plural)
gobā (locative singular)
gobās (locative plural)
goba (singular vocative)
gobas (plural vocative)


vista

vista (nominative singular)
vistas (nominative plural)
vistas (genitive singular)
vistu (genitive plural)
vistai (dative singular)
vistām (dative plural)
vistu (accusative singular)
vistas (accusative plural)
vistu (instrumental singular)
vistām (instrumental plural)
vistā (locative singular)
vistās (locative plural)
vista (singular vocative)
vistas (plural vocative)

There are two theories on the origin of this word. One derives it from Proto-Baltic *wiš- (with an extra element -tā), from Proto-Indo-European *wik-, the zero grade form of *weyḱ- (“house, settlement”). The original meaning would then have been “(relating to) the house, the settlement", from which "domestic (animal)” and finally “chicken.” The other theory relates it to Avestan 𐬬𐬍𐬱 (vīš, “bird”), possibly from a Proto-Indo-European stem *weys-. Cognates include Lithuanian vištà.

mājas vista

vista ar cāļiem

vistas gaļa, olas

vistu kūts

perētāja vista

cekulainā vista

vistas buljons

Gallus gallus
Gallus gallus#Translingual

hen (female chicken); chicken (Gallus gallus in general)


hurma

hurma (nominative singular)
hurmas (nominative plural)
hurmas (genitive singular)
hurmu (genitive plural)
hurmai (dative singular)
hurmām (dative plural)
hurmu (accusative singular)
hurmas (accusative plural)
hurmu (instrumental singular)
hurmām (instrumental plural)
hurmā (locative singular)
hurmās (locative plural)
hurma (singular vocative)
hurmas (plural vocative)

From Ottoman Turkish خرما (hurma), from Persian خرما (xormâ).


austere

austere (nominative singular)
austeres (nominative plural)
austeres (genitive singular)
austeru (genitive plural)
austerei (dative singular)
austerēm (dative plural)
austeri (accusative singular)
austeres (accusative plural)
austeri (instrumental singular)
austerēm (instrumental plural)
austerē (locative singular)
austerēs (locative plural)
austere (singular vocative)
austeres (plural vocative)

Perhaps related to Ancient Greek ὄστρεον (óstreon).

austeru zveja

rīt austeres

austeru lasītāji un lasītājas tur brida kailām kājām

male and female oyster collectors were wading there (= in shallow water) barefoot

oyster (certain edible bivalve mollusks of the order Ostreida)


raja

raja (nominative singular)
rajas (nominative plural)
rajas (genitive singular)
raju (genitive plural)
rajai (dative singular)
rajām (dative plural)
raju (accusative singular)
rajas (accusative plural)
raju (instrumental singular)
rajām (instrumental plural)
rajā (locative singular)
rajās (locative plural)
raja (singular vocative)
rajas (plural vocative)

ray, stingray (fish with a flat body and a pointed tail (superorder Batoidea))


suns

lv-noun

suns m (2nd declension, irregular nominative)

suns (nominative singular)
suņi (nominative plural)
suņa (genitive singular)
suņu (genitive plural)
sunim (dative singular)
suņiem (dative plural)
suni (accusative singular)
suņus (accusative plural)
suni (instrumental singular)
suņiem (instrumental plural)
sunī (locative singular)
suņos (locative plural)
suni (singular vocative)
suņi (plural vocative)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *kwṓ. An older Latvian form *so is now found only in one dialect (Nīgrande) as a word to call dogs. Cognates include Lithuanian šuõ (genitive šuñs, dialectal šunis), Old Prussian sunis, Proto-Germanic *hundaz (Gothic 𐌷𐌿𐌽𐌳𐍃 (hunds), Old Norse hundr, Icelandic hundur, Swedish hund, Old High German hunt, Old English hund, German Hund, Dutch hond, English hound), Irish cú, Welsh ci, plural cŵn, Sanskrit श्वन् (śván), genitive शुनस् (śunas), Avestan 𐬯𐬞𐬁 (spā), genitive plural 𐬯𐬎𐬥𐬀𐬨 (sunam), Old Armenian շուն (šun), Ancient Greek κύων (kúōn), Latin canis (Italian cane, Portuguese cão, French chien, Spanish can).

mājas suns

medību suns

aitu, ganu suns

nikns suns

suns rej uz gājēju

suņa dzīve, darbs

Canis lupus familiaris
Canis lupus familiaris#Translingual


dzīvnieks

dzīvnieks (nominative singular)
dzīvnieki (nominative plural)
dzīvnieka (genitive singular)
dzīvnieku (genitive plural)
dzīvniekam (dative singular)
dzīvniekiem (dative plural)
dzīvnieku (accusative singular)
dzīvniekus (accusative plural)
dzīvnieku (instrumental singular)
dzīvniekiem (instrumental plural)
dzīvniekā (locative singular)
dzīvniekos (locative plural)
dzīvniek (singular vocative)
dzīvnieki (plural vocative)

From dzīvs (“alive”) + -nieks, or perhaps dzīv(ot) (“to live”) + -nieks. The original meaning of this word was “living person,” “inhabitant” (now dzīvotājs, iedzīvotājs). The modern meaning of “animal” or “living being” first appeared in the 1860s, in writings by J. Alunāns, following the model of Russian живо́тное (živótnoje), and was registered in dictionaries in the 1870s. Formerly other expressions had been used for this meaning (e.g. dzīvs radījums (“living creature”), or also more specific terms like lops (“farm animal”) or zvērs (“beast”)).

zemākie dzīvnieki

dienas, nakts dzīvnieki

meža dzīvnieki

mājas dzīvnieki

izmēģinājumu dzīvnieki

reti dzīvnieki

aizsargājami dzīvnieki

izmirstoši dzīvnieki

dzīvnieku gaļa

dzīvnieku tauki

dzīvnieku valsts

dzīvnieku pasakas

tautas dziesmas atklāj dzīvnieku nozīmi cilvēku dzīvē un māca bērniem tos mīlēt un saudzēt

folk songs reveal the importance of animals in people's lives and teach children to love and take care of them

animal (living being that feeds on organic matter and is capable of moving but not of abstract thinking)


kivi

Via other European languages, ultimately borrowed from Maori kiwi, originally an onomatopoeic imitation of the bird's call. Originally the name of the bird, the English word kiwi soon became a term for people and things from New Zealand, and was thus also used, initially as a brand name, for the fruit, which is also from New Zealand.

kivi dzimta

kivi ir putni, kas dzīvo tikai Jaunzēlandē

the kiwi are birds that live only in New Zealand

kiwi bird (a flightless bird (genus Apteryx) found only in New Zealand)

kivi ir subtropu auglis ar brūnu, pūkainu mizu un zaļu mīkstumu

the kiwi is a subtropical fruit with brown, hairy skin and green flesh

kivi pēc formas atgādina olu

Chinese gooseberry
Chinese gooseberry#English

kiwi fruit (a Chinese gooseberry vine fruit of the genus Actinidia with hairy brown skin and dark green flesh)


palma

palma (nominative singular)
palmas (nominative plural)
palmas (genitive singular)
palmu (genitive plural)
palmai (dative singular)
palmām (dative plural)
palmu (accusative singular)
palmas (accusative plural)
palmu (instrumental singular)
palmām (instrumental plural)
palmā (locative singular)
palmās (locative plural)
palma (singular vocative)
palmas (plural vocative)


roze

roze (nominative singular)
rozes (nominative plural)
rozes (genitive singular)
rožu (genitive plural)
rozei (dative singular)
rozēm (dative plural)
rozi (accusative singular)
rozes (accusative plural)
rozi (instrumental singular)
rozēm (instrumental plural)
rozē (locative singular)
rozēs (locative plural)
roze (singular vocative)
rozes (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Middle Low German rōse, or from Middle Dutch rōse (compare German Rose), themselves borrowings from Latin rosa. The word was also apparently borrowed into Latin (via Ancient Greek) from Old Persian. In Latvian texts this word is first mentioned in the 16th century, apparently as a general word for “(garden) flower” or “(bright-colored) flower” — as a synonym of puķe (“flower”), a sense still found in folk songs. The meaning was restricted to “rose” only in the 17th century. The sense “erysipelas” was first attested in the 18th century.

mīkstā roze

pelēkzilā roze

audzēt rozes

rožu dārzs

rožu eļļa

rose (decorative shrub, gen. Rosa, with beautiful flowers and thorny stems)


aborts

aborts (nominative singular)
aborti (nominative plural)
aborta (genitive singular)
abortu (genitive plural)
abortam (dative singular)
abortiem (dative plural)
abortu (accusative singular)
abortus (accusative plural)
abortu (instrumental singular)
abortiem (instrumental plural)
abortā (locative singular)
abortos (locative plural)
abort (singular vocative)
aborti (plural vocative)

(medicine) abortion (premature termination of pregnancy before the full 22 weeks, spontaneous or artificial)

(veterinary medicine) abortion (premature natural termination or artificial termination of pregnancy in animals)


peri

peri (nominative plural)
peru (genitive plural)
periem (dative plural)
perus (accusative plural)
periem (instrumental plural)
peros (locative plural)
peri (plural vocative)

Singular form pers, cognate with Lithuanian pẽras (“larva”), derived from perēt (“to nest, hatch”).

peru puve

peru pieniņš

larvae milk (a secretion of working bees used to feed the larvae)


āpsis

āpsis (nominative singular)
āpši (nominative plural)
āpša (genitive singular)
āpšu (genitive plural)
āpsim (dative singular)
āpšiem (dative plural)
āpsi (accusative singular)
āpšus (accusative plural)
āpsi (instrumental singular)
āpšiem (instrumental plural)
āpsī (locative singular)
āpšos (locative plural)
āpsi (singular vocative)
āpši (plural vocative)

From Proto-Baltic; compare Lithuanian opšrùs, Old Prussian wobsdus. The source may be Proto-Indo-European *op- (“to do, carry out”), from which Latvian regionalism āpēties (“work hard”) (compare Sanskrit अपः (ápaḥ, “work, organizing”), Latin opus (“work, task”)). This name would be justified by the badger's well-made burrows. A parallel case is German Dachs (“badger”) from Proto-Indo-European *tek- (“weave, build”).

cog

āpša āda

āpšu alas

dzīvot kā āpsim alā

to live like a badger in his burrow (= without paying attention to the lives of others)

badger (name of several species of mustelids, especially Meles meles)


varde

varde (nominative singular)
vardes (nominative plural)
vardes (genitive singular)
varžu (genitive plural)
vardei (dative singular)
vardēm (dative plural)
vardi (accusative singular)
vardes (accusative plural)
vardi (instrumental singular)
vardēm (instrumental plural)
vardē (locative singular)
vardēs (locative plural)
varde (singular vocative)
vardes (plural vocative)

From Proto-Baltic *war-, *wer- with an extra -de, from Proto-Indo-European *werh₁-, a stem used to form words that imitate human and animal voices (compare vārds (“word, name”)). Cognates include Lithuanian varlė̃ (with a different suffix). A different hypothesis derives it from Proto-Indo-European *word-, which also yielded with Old Armenian գորտ (gort).

zaļā varde

ezera varde

purva varde

varžu kurkuļi

dīķī kurkst vardes

frog (small, tailless amphibian (order: Anura) which typically hops)


koks

koks (nominative singular)
koki (nominative plural)
koka (genitive singular)
koku (genitive plural)
kokam (dative singular)
kokiem (dative plural)
koku (accusative singular)
kokus (accusative plural)
koku (instrumental singular)
kokiem (instrumental plural)
kokā (locative singular)
kokos (locative plural)
koks (singular vocative)
koki (plural vocative)

From Proto-Baltic *kuok-, from Proto-Indo-European *kewk-, from the stem *kew- (“to bend, to be bent”).
Meaning at first “bent wood, branch, stick,” it soon became “wood, tree.” It competed with mežs (< *medis), the original term for “wood, tree,” which soon acquired the meaning of “forest.” The original “branch, stick” meaning of koks can still be occasionally found (see below).
Cognates include Lithuanian kúoka (“stick with thick end, pounder, pestle”), kúokas (“stick with thick end; thick end of a stick; tuber; mace, club”), kukà (“stick”), Bulgarian кука (kuka, “spike, peg, wedge, hook, handle”).

Intas tēvs jau toreiz strādāja uz upes pie koku pludināšanas

Inta's father at that time already worked at timber floating (log driving) on the river

kalējs sāka vest kokus smēdei

the blacksmith began to bring timber, wood to the forge

koku dārzs

timber corral (an enclosure for floating timber on a watercourse)

timber (felled trees seen as a substance)


tomāts

tomāts (nominative singular)
tomāti (nominative plural)
tomāta (genitive singular)
tomātu (genitive plural)
tomātam (dative singular)
tomātiem (dative plural)
tomātu (accusative singular)
tomātus (accusative plural)
tomātu (instrumental singular)
tomātiem (instrumental plural)
tomātā (locative singular)
tomātos (locative plural)
tomāt (singular vocative)
tomāti (plural vocative)

Borrowed from German Tomate, or from Russian тома́т (tomát), themselves borrowings from French tomate, itself a borrowing from Spanish tomate, ultimately borrowed from Classical Nahuatl tomatl. This word is first mentioned in Latvian by the end of the 19th century, initially in two forms, masculine (tomāts) and feminine (tomāte); only in the 1920s did the masculine form became dominant.

tomātu stādi

ēdamais, kultīvētais tomāts

plaši izplatīts kultūraugs ir tomāti, kuri Eiropā ievesti 1554. gadā

tomatoes are a quite widespread crop, which was introduced in Europe in 1554

tomātus ilgu laiku audzēja kā dekoratīvus augus

tomatoes were grown for a long time as ornamental plants

Solanum lycopersicum
Solanum lycopersicum#Translingual

tomato (plant (Solanum lycopersicum) with branched stems, yellow flowers and juicy, edible red fruits)

tomātu sula

tomātu pasta

tomātu biezenis

konservēti tomāti

reņģes tomātu mērcē

brokastīs māmiņa sagriež lielu, sarkanu tomātu un vienu sīpolu

for breakfast, mummy cut a large, red tomato and one onion

tomato (the red fruit of this plant, eaten as a vegetable)


grauzējs

grauzējs (nominative singular)
grauzēji (nominative plural)
grauzēja (genitive singular)
grauzēju (genitive plural)
grauzējam (dative singular)
grauzējiem (dative plural)
grauzēju (accusative singular)
grauzējus (accusative plural)
grauzēju (instrumental singular)
grauzējiem (instrumental plural)
grauzējā (locative singular)
grauzējos (locative plural)
grauzēj (singular vocative)
grauzēji (plural vocative)


tele

tele (nominative singular)
teles (nominative plural)
teles (genitive singular)
teļu (genitive plural)
telei (dative singular)
telēm (dative plural)
teli (accusative singular)
teles (accusative plural)
teli (instrumental singular)
telēm (instrumental plural)
telē (locative singular)
telēs (locative plural)
tele (singular vocative)
teles (plural vocative)

pērnā tele

šķirnes tele

grūsna tele

te Tibils visu vasaru turēja savus lopus: divas teles, abas slaucamās govis, aitas un zirgus

here Tibils kept his animals all summer: the two heifers, both dairy cows, the sheep and the horses

nopētīju savu ganāmpulki, vai kāda no govīm, īpaši telēm, netaisās laisties blēņās uz zirņu lauku

he kept an eye on his herd, in case one of the cows, especially the heifers, wanted to play any tricks on the pea fields


aita

aita (nominative singular)
aitas (nominative plural)
aitas (genitive singular)
aitu (genitive plural)
aitai (dative singular)
aitām (dative plural)
aitu (accusative singular)
aitas (accusative plural)
aitu (instrumental singular)
aitām (instrumental plural)
aitā (locative singular)
aitās (locative plural)
aita (singular vocative)
aitas (plural vocative)

From Proto-Baltic *aitā, from Proto-Indo-European *ey-, *oy- (“to go”) (cf. iet) with an extra syllable tā. The original meaning was thus “goer, one that goes (around),” a common source of words for “sheep” (cf. Russian, Belarusian, Ukrainian баран (baran), a borrowing from Proto-Turkic *baran (“one that goes”)). An alternative theory, which derives aita from the diminutive avitiņa of dated avs (“sheep”) is less likely to be correct, since the avi > ai change would be irregular. Cognates include Lithuanian áita (feminine), áitas (“one who walks around a lot; restless person”) (masculine), Old Prussian aytegenis (“small (quick, restless) woodpecker”), Russian dialectal етенька (jetenʹka, “name used to call sheep”) (from *ěta- < *ait-), Hittite 𒇻 (iyant-, “sheep”) (lit. “goer, one that goes”).

mājas aita

aitu gans

aitu suns

cirpt aitas


oga

oga (nominative singular)
ogas (nominative plural)
ogas (genitive singular)
ogu (genitive plural)
ogai (dative singular)
ogām (dative plural)
ogu (accusative singular)
ogas (accusative plural)
ogu (instrumental singular)
ogām (instrumental plural)
ogā (locative singular)
ogās (locative plural)
oga (singular vocative)
ogas (plural vocative)

From Proto-Baltic *wog-, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *ṓˀgāˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ógeh₂. Cognates include Lithuanian úoga, Old Church Slavonic агода (agoda), and possibly Tocharian B oko.

ogu sula

ogu krūms

ogu ķekars

iet ogās, iet lasīt ogas

ogu laiks


blusa

blusa (nominative singular)
blusas (nominative plural)
blusas (genitive singular)
blusu (genitive plural)
blusai (dative singular)
blusām (dative plural)
blusu (accusative singular)
blusas (accusative plural)
blusu (instrumental singular)
blusām (instrumental plural)
blusā (locative singular)
blusās (locative plural)
blusa (singular vocative)
blusas (plural vocative)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *blúšāˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰlúseh₂.

blusas kodiens

cilvēka blusa

ķert blusas

uz netīras ādas parazitē blusas, kas izplata infekciju slimības

dirty skin is parasitized by fleas which spread infectious diseases

flea (various small, wingless bloodsucking parasites of order Siphonaptera, famous for their ability to jump)


zoss

zoss (nominative singular)
zosis (nominative plural)
zoss (genitive singular)
zosu (genitive plural)
zosij (dative singular)
zosīm (dative plural)
zosi (accusative singular)
zosis (accusative plural)
zosi (instrumental singular)
zosīm (instrumental plural)
zosī (locative singular)
zosīs (locative plural)
zoss (singular vocative)
zosis (plural vocative)

From Proto-Baltic *źansís, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰh₂éns.

zosu bars

zosu spalvas

zoss cepetis

meža zoss

pelēkā zoss

goose (several birds of the tribe Anatini or subfamily Anatinae of the Anatidae family, genera Anser, Branta, and Chen)


briedis

briedis (nominative singular)
brieži (nominative plural)
brieža (genitive singular)
briežu (genitive plural)
briedim (dative singular)
briežiem (dative plural)
briedi (accusative singular)
briežus (accusative plural)
briedi (instrumental singular)
briežiem (instrumental plural)
briedī (locative singular)
briežos (locative plural)
briedi (singular vocative)
brieži (plural vocative)

From Proto-Baltic *breid-, *bried-, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰreydʰ-, together with a variant *bʰrent-, both from the stem *bʰer (“to swell”) (whence also briest (“to swell”), q.v.). The meaning apparently changed as follows: “swollen, big” > “having a big, well-developed body” > “strong, imposing (animal).” At first this word apparently referred to elks, and only later to deer; the meaning “elk” is still found in folklore. Cognates include Lithuanian bríedis (“elk”), Old Prussian braydis (“elk”) (< *breidis), Sudovian brid (“deer”), Elfdalian brinde (“elk”), Messapic brénthon (“elk, deer”) (< *brénton), Messapic bréndon (“deer”), Albanian bri (“horn, antler”), Thracian toponym Brendike, Swedish brinde (“elk”).

brieža ragi

brieža medības

briežu mātīte

stalts kā briedis


govs

govs (nominative singular)
govis (nominative plural)
govs (genitive singular)
govju (genitive plural)
govij (dative singular)
govīm (dative plural)
govi (accusative singular)
govis (accusative plural)
govi (instrumental singular)
govīm (instrumental plural)
govī (locative singular)
govīs (locative plural)
govs (singular vocative)
govis (plural vocative)

From earlier Latvian *gùovis, from Eastern Proto-Baltic *guowis (an i-stem), from Proto-Balto-Slavic *gaw- ~ *gōw-, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷṓws (“cattle”).
Cognates include Hittite [script needed] (guwau-), Old Armenian կով (kov), Proto-Slavic *govędo (“cattle”) (Russian говя́дина (govjádina, “beef”), dialectal говя́до (govjádo, “cattle, beef, butter”), Belarusian гавя́да (havjáda, “domestic animal”), Bulgarian говедо (govedo, “cow, cattle”), Czech hovado (“cow, cattle”)), Old High German chuo (German Kuh, Dutch koe, English cow, Swedish ko, Icelandic kýr), Proto-Celtic *bow- (Old Irish bó, Irish bó, Scottish Gaelic bò, Middle Welsh bu) Latin bōs, bōvis (“ox, cattle”), dialectal vos (Italian bove, bue, French bœuf, Romanian bou, Spanish buey, Portuguese boi).

govju ferma

govju ēdināšana

cattle (bovines in general, syn. liellops)

piena govs

slaukt govis

govs stāv ciet, ir ciet

the cow stands, is closed (= does not give milk, before calving)


zivs

zivs (nominative singular)
zivis (nominative plural)
zivs (genitive singular)
zivju (genitive plural)
zivij (dative singular)
zivīm (dative plural)
zivi (accusative singular)
zivis (accusative plural)
zivi (instrumental singular)
zivīm (instrumental plural)
zivī (locative singular)
zivīs (locative plural)
zivs (singular vocative)
zivis (plural vocative)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *źū́ˀs, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰǵʰu-. Cognates include Lithuanian žuvìs (“fish”), Old Prussian suckis (zukis, “fish”), Ancient Greek ἰχθύς (ikhthús) and Old Armenian ձուկն (jukn).
Karulis doesn't accept the resolution of the thorn cluster and so instead sets up *ǵʰeu-wi-s, *ǵʰu-wi-s from a putative Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰew- (“fish”), comparing *ǵʰew- (“to pour”) or *ǵʰēu-, *ǵʰəu- (“to gape”).

jūras zivis

svaigas zivis

saldētas zivis

žāvēt zivis

zivju dīķi

zivju eļļa

zivju nārsts

plēsīgās zivis

zivju konservi

zivju ikri, spuras

saldūdens zivis

dziļūdens zivis

vilkt, zvejot zivis

zivju rūpniecība

kā zivs ūdenī

like a fish in water (= very comfortable)

“vai te nav kāda upe tuvumā?” “ir; un tur ir daudz zivju”

“isn't there some river nearby?” “(yes,) there is; and there are a lot of fish there (= in it)”

fish (animal that lives in water, moving with fins and breathing with gills)


muša

muša (nominative singular)
mušas (nominative plural)
mušas (genitive singular)
mušu (genitive plural)
mušai (dative singular)
mušām (dative plural)
mušu (accusative singular)
mušas (accusative plural)
mušu (instrumental singular)
mušām (instrumental plural)
mušā (locative singular)
mušās (locative plural)
muša (singular vocative)
mušas (plural vocative)

Via an intermediate form *musya, from Proto-Baltic *mūs-, from Proto-Indo-European *mū-, *mu- (“fly, insect”) with an extra s.
Cognates include Lithuanian mùsė, dialectal musià, Old Church Slavonic моуха (muxa), Russian муха (muxa), Ancient Greek μυῖα (muîa) (< *müsya), Latin musca, Old Armenian մուն (mun), Proto-Germanic *mūją, *muwī (“midge”) (English midge, German Mücke, Dutch mug, Swedish mygg, Icelandic mý).

istabas, mājas muša

gaļas muša

mēslu muša

cece muša

mušu kāpuri

fly (small two-winged insect, belonging to the order Diptera, especially family Muscidae)


sloka

sloka (nominative singular)
slokas (nominative plural)
slokas (genitive singular)
sloku (genitive plural)
slokai (dative singular)
slokām (dative plural)
sloku (accusative singular)
slokas (accusative plural)
sloku (instrumental singular)
slokām (instrumental plural)
slokā (locative singular)
slokās (locative plural)
sloka (singular vocative)
slokas (plural vocative)

From Proto-Baltic *slankā-, formed by vowel gradation from Proto-Indo-European *slenk- “to cut, to twist, to wind, to meander; to crawl, to creep”. The original meaning was probably “crawler, creeper”, because of this bird's terrestrial habits and low flight. Cognates include Lithuanian slánka, slankà, slãnkė, Old Prussian slanke (“large woodcock”), Russian слу́ка (slúka), Ukrainian слу́ква (slúkva), Czech sluka, Polish słąka, śląka.

sloku riesta lidojums

sloka dzīvo mitrākos lapu koku un jauktos mežos

the woodcock lives in humid deciduous or mixed forests

naktī pār purvu skrēja purva sloka... atvērtu knābi tā šāvās no vienas malas uz otru, rijot knišļus

at night the swamp woodcock runs all over the swamp... it swings its open beak from side to side, swallowing small flies

Scolopax rusticola
Scolopax rusticola#Translingual

woodcock (several bird species of the genus Scolopax, especially Scolopax rusticola)


zirnis

zirnis (nominative singular)
zirņi (nominative plural)
zirņa (genitive singular)
zirņu (genitive plural)
zirnim (dative singular)
zirņiem (dative plural)
zirni (accusative singular)
zirņus (accusative plural)
zirni (instrumental singular)
zirņiem (instrumental plural)
zirnī (locative singular)
zirņos (locative plural)
zirni (singular vocative)
zirņi (plural vocative)

From Proto-Baltic *žírˀnjas, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *źírˀna, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵr̥h₂nóm. In Eastern Baltic, this word narrowed its meaning from “grain” to only one kind of grain, “pea”.

dārza zirnis

lauka zirnis

sējas zirnis

Pisum sativum
Pisum sativum#Translingual

pea (several plants of the family Fabaceae, especially Pisum sativum)

zirņu pāksts

lobīt zirņus

kaltēt zirņus

pelēkie zirņi ar speķi

zirņu zupa

pea (the grain of these plants, especially Pisum sativum)


aste

aste (nominative singular)
astes (nominative plural)
astes (genitive singular)
astu (genitive plural)
astei (dative singular)
astēm (dative plural)
asti (accusative singular)
astes (accusative plural)
asti (instrumental singular)
astēm (instrumental plural)
astē (locative singular)
astēs (locative plural)
aste (singular vocative)
astes (plural vocative)

Originally an e-stem variant of an earlier i/n-stem *astis, from Proto-Baltic *asti- < *aš-sti-. Further, two possible Proto-Indo-European sources have been proposed: (a) *h₂eḱ-sti-, from *h₂eḱ- “sharp, pointy, edgy; stone” (whence also ass “sharp”, q.v.), with the meaning changes being “sharp, pointy (object)” > “stinger” > “tail”; and (b) *h₃ésth₁- (“bone”), in which case the semantic evolution would have been “bone” > “tail bone” > “tail” (cf. Icelandic rōfa (“dog's, cat's tail”) from Old Norse rófa (“bony part of a horse's tail”)). In the (a) case, cognates would include Lithuanian akstìs (“skewer, fish bone”) akštìs (“skewer, fish bone, awn”), Old Church Slavonic осътъ (osŭtŭ, “thorny water plant”), остъ (ostŭ, “awn, stinger, fish bone”), Russian ость (ostʹ), Czech osť, Polish ość, Russian осот (osot, “thorny plant”), Bulgarian о́сът (ósǎt), Czech, Polish oset. In the (b) case, cognates would include Hittite 𒄩𒀸𒋫𒄿, Sanskrit अस्थि (asthi), Ancient Greek ὀστέον (ostéon), Albanian asht, Tocharian B āsta, Latin os (and maybe also costa (“rib”)), and perhaps also all the (a) cognates, which some authors also derive from *h₃ésth₁-.

cog

zirga aste

suņa aste

vilka aste

gaiļa aste

pāva aste

kaķis pa to laiku bija izlavījies no pagalma un, izlējis asti, lēni gāja prom

the cat, meanwhile, had gotten out of the yard and, straightening (his) tail, slowly went away

kas sunim asti cels, ja pats necels

who is going to raise a dog's tail if not for the dog himself


melone

melone (nominative singular)
melones (nominative plural)
melones (genitive singular)
meloņu (genitive plural)
melonei (dative singular)
melonēm (dative plural)
meloni (accusative singular)
melones (accusative plural)
meloni (instrumental singular)
melonēm (instrumental plural)
melonē (locative singular)
melonēs (locative plural)
melone (singular vocative)
melones (plural vocative)


papaija

papaija (nominative singular)
papaijas (nominative plural)
papaijas (genitive singular)
papaiju (genitive plural)
papaijai (dative singular)
papaijām (dative plural)
papaiju (accusative singular)
papaijas (accusative plural)
papaiju (instrumental singular)
papaijām (instrumental plural)
papaijā (locative singular)
papaijās (locative plural)
papaija (singular vocative)
papaijas (plural vocative)


leopards

leopards (nominative singular)
leopardi (nominative plural)
leoparda (genitive singular)
leopardu (genitive plural)
leopardam (dative singular)
leopardiem (dative plural)
leopardu (accusative singular)
leopardus (accusative plural)
leopardu (instrumental singular)
leopardiem (instrumental plural)
leopardā (locative singular)
leopardos (locative plural)
leopard (singular vocative)
leopardi (plural vocative)

Via other European languages, ultimately borrowed from Latin leopardus, from Ancient Greek λεόπαρδος (leópardos), from λέων (léōn, “lion”) and πάρδος (párdos, “panther”).

leoparda āda

tīģeri, lūši, leopardi un citi kaķu dzimtas plēsoņas dzīvo līdz 25 gadiem

tigers, lynxes, leopards and other feline predators live up to 25 years

Panthera pardus
Panthera pardus#Translingual

leopard (large spotted wild cat, Panthera pardus)


avokado

Via other European languages, ultimately borrowed from Spanish aguacate, itself a borrowing from Nahuatl āhuacatl. In Europe, the term was also influenced by confusion with Spanish abogado (“lawyer”).

avokado ir lauru dzimtas augs

the avocado is a plant of the family Lauraceae

Persea americana
Persea americana#Translingual


vabole

vabole (nominative singular)
vaboles (nominative plural)
vaboles (genitive singular)
vaboļu (genitive plural)
vabolei (dative singular)
vabolēm (dative plural)
vaboli (accusative singular)
vaboles (accusative plural)
vaboli (instrumental singular)
vabolēm (instrumental plural)
vabolē (locative singular)
vabolēs (locative plural)
vabole (singular vocative)
vaboles (plural vocative)

From Proto-Baltic *web-, from Proto-Indo-European *webʰ- (“to move here and there, to wave, to teem”). Cognates include Lithuanian vãbalas, vãbuolas (“insect”), vãbolė, vabolė̃ (“dung beetle”), Russian dialectal ве́блица (véblica, “intestinal worm”), Old High German wibil, Old Saxon *wivil (“beetle”), English weevil (“beetle sp.”).

der

gaļēdājas, visēdājas vaboles

brūnā vabole

dārzu vabole

biešu vabole

beetle (any of many insect species (order: Coleoptera) with two hard, shell-like front wings which cover and protect a pair of rear wings)


tapirs

tapirs (nominative singular)
tapiri (nominative plural)
tapira (genitive singular)
tapiru (genitive plural)
tapiram (dative singular)
tapiriem (dative plural)
tapiru (accusative singular)
tapirus (accusative plural)
tapiru (instrumental singular)
tapiriem (instrumental plural)
tapirā (locative singular)
tapiros (locative plural)
tapir (singular vocative)
tapiri (plural vocative)

Via other European languages, ultimately derived from Old Tupi tapi'ira (“tapir”).

tapiri ir labi peldētāji

maiji medīja briežus, tapirus ar bultām un šķēpiem

the Mayans hunted tapirs with bows and spears

tapir (odd-toed ungulates of the family Tapiridae, genus Tapirus, with a prehensile upper lip)


orangutans

orangutans (nominative singular)
orangutani (nominative plural)
orangutana (genitive singular)
orangutanu (genitive plural)
orangutanam (dative singular)
orangutaniem (dative plural)
orangutanu (accusative singular)
orangutanus (accusative plural)
orangutanu (instrumental singular)
orangutaniem (instrumental plural)
orangutanā (locative singular)
orangutanos (locative plural)
orangutan (singular vocative)
orangutani (plural vocative)

From Malay orang (“person, man”) + hutan (“forest”); literally, "forest man".


sams

sams (nominative singular)
sami (nominative plural)
sama (genitive singular)
samu (genitive plural)
samam (dative singular)
samiem (dative plural)
samu (accusative singular)
samus (accusative plural)
samu (instrumental singular)
samiem (instrumental plural)
samā (locative singular)
samos (locative plural)
sam (singular vocative)
sami (plural vocative)

With Lithuanian šãmas inherited from Proto-Baltic, cognate to Proto-Slavic *sòmъ, further etymology unknown.

puiši zivis šauda, saķēruši sirmu samu: liels kā teliņš, melns kā velniņš, plata mute, garas ūsas

the boys shot the fish, (they had) caught a gray catfish: big as a little calf, black as the devil, wide mouth, long whiskers

Silurus glanis
Silurus glanis#Translingual

wels catfish, sheatfish (a scaleless freshwater catfish, Silurus glanis)


lija

lija (nominative singular)
lijas (nominative plural)
lijas (genitive singular)
liju (genitive plural)
lijai (dative singular)
lijām (dative plural)
liju (accusative singular)
lijas (accusative plural)
liju (instrumental singular)
lijām (instrumental plural)
lijā (locative singular)
lijās (locative plural)
lija (singular vocative)
lijas (plural vocative)

niedru lija

lauku lija

lauku lija barojas galvenokārt ar jauniem un pieaugušajiem zvirbuļveidīgajiem putniem

the hen harrier feeds mostly from young or juvenile passerine birds

harrier (several species of birds of prey from the subfamily Circinae, especially genus Circus)


lops

lops (nominative singular)
lopi (nominative plural)
lopa (genitive singular)
lopu (genitive plural)
lopam (dative singular)
lopiem (dative plural)
lopu (accusative singular)
lopus (accusative plural)
lopu (instrumental singular)
lopiem (instrumental plural)
lopā (locative singular)
lopos (locative plural)
lop (singular vocative)
lopi (plural vocative)

The origin of this word is unclear. Some derive it from Proto-Indo-European *leh₂p- (“cow”), but the only basis for this reconstruction is the Albanian cognate. Others consider it related to Gothic 𐌻𐌰𐌼𐌱 (lamb) (cf. German Lamm, English lamb), perhaps even a borrowing from a Germanic language. Yet others suggest that it comes from a putative Proto-Baltic *luop-, from Proto-Indo-European *leu- (“to cut off, to separate”) with an extra -p, with the meaning evolving from “cut off” > “to hide, to skin, to flay” (cf. Lithuanian lùpti (“to skin, to peel”)) > “hide, skin, fur, something made of fur” (cf. Hittite lupanni (“hat”)) > “animal body part” (cf. Old Church Slavonic лъбьнъ (lŭbĭnŭ), Serbo-Croatian lùbina (“skull”)) > “animal.” The initial meaning of lops, still found dialectally, was more restricted, covering only goats, sheep and maybe cows. In the 18th and 19th century, the meaning was extended to almost all animals (= dzīvnieks), and later again restricted to its current range. Cognates include Lithuanian lúopas, lúobas (“clumsy person or animal”), Albanian lopë (“cow”) (< *lāpā).

darba, piena, gaļas lopi

lopu kūts

apkopt lopus

lopus līdz četriem noturēja kūtī un tad nodzina tepat lejā Spilvas ganībās

he kept the animal until four (years of age) in the barn and then took them down here to the Spilva pastures

livestock, (farm) animal (e.g., cattle, sheep, goats, horses, pigs, poultry, etc.)


kaķis

kaķis (nominative singular)
kaķi (nominative plural)
kaķa (genitive singular)
kaķu (genitive plural)
kaķim (dative singular)
kaķiem (dative plural)
kaķi (accusative singular)
kaķus (accusative plural)
kaķi (instrumental singular)
kaķiem (instrumental plural)
kaķī (locative singular)
kaķos (locative plural)
kaķi (singular vocative)
kaķi (plural vocative)

Old word, which spread together with the animal millennia ago, apparently ultimately of Afroasiatic origin, later borrowed into Proto-Indo-European.
The Latvian term was apparently influenced by the Germanic forms: kaķis < *katis, from feminine *kate (cf. dialectal katene (“kitten”)), at first in Couronian dialects, later in other dialects and in the standard language.
Cognates include Lithuanian katė̃, Old Prussian catto ([kato]), Russian кот (kot), Middle High German, Middle Dutch katte, German Katze, English cat, Latin cattus, catta.

melns kaķis

kaķis murrā

kaķis noķēris peli

veikls kā kaķis

acis kā kaķim

Felis silvestris catus
Felis silvestris catus#Translingual


lasis

lasis (nominative singular)
laši (nominative plural)
laša (genitive singular)
lašu (genitive plural)
lasim (dative singular)
lašiem (dative plural)
lasi (accusative singular)
lašus (accusative plural)
lasi (instrumental singular)
lašiem (instrumental plural)
lasī (locative singular)
lašos (locative plural)
lasi (singular vocative)
laši (plural vocative)

Traditionally related to Latvian lāse (“drop (of liquid)”) (dialectally attested as lase, lasis), perhaps because of the drop-like little spots on a salmon's scales, from Proto-Indo-European *laḱ- (“to sprinkle, to spatter”).
Another suggestion is that this term comes from Proto-Indo-European *lek- (“to jump, to leap”), referring to the mating habits of salmons, swimming and leaping upstream; but the final k leaves the s in the Baltic and Slavic forms unexplained. One would have to assume parallel forms *lek-, *leḱ- for this stem.
Cognates include Lithuanian lãšis, lašiša, Old Prussian lalasso (probably a misspelled lasasso), Russian лосо́сь (losósʹ), Czech losos, Polish łosoś, Proto-Germanic *lahsaz (Old High German lahs, German Lachs, Swedish lax, English lax, lox), Tocharian B laksi (“fish”), Ossetian лӕсӕг (læsæg, “salmon”).

uder

zvejot lašus

svaigs lasis

žāvēts lasis

lašu/laša krāsa


ābols

ābols (nominative singular)
āboli (nominative plural)
ābola (genitive singular)
ābolu (genitive plural)
ābolam (dative singular)
āboliem (dative plural)
ābolu (accusative singular)
ābolus (accusative plural)
ābolu (instrumental singular)
āboliem (instrumental plural)
ābolā (locative singular)
ābolos (locative plural)
ābols (singular vocative)
āboli (plural vocative)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *ā́ˀbōl, genitive *ā́ˀbeles (from this paradigm, the two forms ābols (“apple”) and ābele (“apple tree”) were later differentiated), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ébōl. Cognates include Lithuanian obuolỹs, Proto-Slavic *ablъko (Old Church Slavonic аблъко (ablŭko), Russian я́блоко (jábloko)), Proto-Celtic *abūl (Old Irish ubull, Irish úll, Scottish Gaelic ubhal),
Proto-Germanic *aplaz (English apple, German Apfel, Dutch appel, Swedish äpple).

salds, skābs, sulīgs ābols

ābolu sula, vīns, ievārījums

ābola serde, sēklas, miza

sārts, vesels kā ābols

žāvēti āboli


cūka

cūka (nominative singular)
cūkas (nominative plural)
cūkas (genitive singular)
cūku (genitive plural)
cūkai (dative singular)
cūkām (dative plural)
cūku (accusative singular)
cūkas (accusative plural)
cūku (instrumental singular)
cūkām (instrumental plural)
cūkā (locative singular)
cūkās (locative plural)
cūka (singular vocative)
cūkas (plural vocative)

From Proto-Baltic *kyaw-, *kyū-, from a palatalized version (perhaps by onomatopoeia, by imitating this animal's sound) of Proto-Indo-European *kew-, *kū- (“to howl, to shout; cf. kaukt “to howl””). A parallel, non-palatalized version is probably reflected in placenames like Kūkas, perhaps originally a region with many wild boars. An even further palatalized version (where *ky > *ḱ > *š > Latvian s) may have given rise to placenames like Sauka, or, with a different suffix, to placenames in -saule like Jaunsaule, perhaps even to Lithuanian Šiauliaĩ. A different (minoritary) theory derives čūka from an earlier *sūka, borrowed from Slavic (cf. Russian су́ка (súka)); another (minoritary) viewpoint connects cūka to imitative words used to call pigs, like Russian чух (čux)!, чух-чух (čux-čux)!, Belarusian, Ukrainian ацю! (acju!), Polish a ciu!, Latvian c̆uk-c̆uk!, Lithuanian čiùk-čiùk!, čiū́k-čiū́k! Cognates include Lithuanian dialectal čiūkà, kūkà, also čiūkùtis, kūkùtis (“piglet”), Russian dialectal чу́ха (čúxa), чухна́ (čuxná, “pig”).

mājas cūka

vaislas cūka

meža cūka

cūka kviec, rukšķ

cūku kūts, aizgalds

cūku šķirnes

cūku tauki

nobarot cūku

kaut cūku

cūkas gaļa, cūkgaļa

cūka viņu sagaidīja sīkiem rukšķiem

Sus scrofa domesticus
Wikispecies:Sus scrofa domesticus

cūka ar sivēniem


ķirzaka

ķirzaka (nominative singular)
ķirzakas (nominative plural)
ķirzakas (genitive singular)
ķirzaku (genitive plural)
ķirzakai (dative singular)
ķirzakām (dative plural)
ķirzaku (accusative singular)
ķirzakas (accusative plural)
ķirzaku (instrumental singular)
ķirzakām (instrumental plural)
ķirzakā (locative singular)
ķirzakās (locative plural)
ķirzaka (singular vocative)
ķirzakas (plural vocative)

ķirzakas iznīcina kaitīgus kukaiņus

atšķirībā no zivīm ķirzakas galvu ar vidukli savieno kakls

unlike fish, lizards have a neck connecting the head to the waist

lizard (any reptile of the order Squamata)


pantera

pantera (nominative singular)
panteras (nominative plural)
panteras (genitive singular)
panteru (genitive plural)
panterai (dative singular)
panterām (dative plural)
panteru (accusative singular)
panteras (accusative plural)
panteru (instrumental singular)
panterām (instrumental plural)
panterā (locative singular)
panterās (locative plural)
pantera (singular vocative)
panteras (plural vocative)

Via other European languages, ultimately borrowed from Latin panthēra, from Ancient Greek πάνθηρ (pánthēr, “panther”).

der

melnā pantera

nesen gan ciemā esot ielavījusies pantera un nozagusi kādu bērnu

not long ago, they say a panther had attacked the village and stolen a child

Maksis ir lokans un spēcīgs kā pantera

Max is flexible and strong like a panther

panther (large cats of genera Panthera and Puma, especially leopards and cougars)


kalla

kalla (nominative singular)
kallas (nominative plural)
kallas (genitive singular)
kallu (genitive plural)
kallai (dative singular)
kallām (dative plural)
kallu (accusative singular)
kallas (accusative plural)
kallu (instrumental singular)
kallām (instrumental plural)
kallā (locative singular)
kallās (locative plural)
kalla (singular vocative)
kallas (plural vocative)


lācis

lācis (nominative singular)
lāči (nominative plural)
lāča (genitive singular)
lāču (genitive plural)
lācim (dative singular)
lāčiem (dative plural)
lāci (accusative singular)
lāčus (accusative plural)
lāci (instrumental singular)
lāčiem (instrumental plural)
lācī (locative singular)
lāčos (locative plural)
lāci (singular vocative)
lāči (plural vocative)

From earlier *lākis via palatalization, from Proto-Baltic *talk-, *tlāk- (with reduction of the “difficult” cluster tl to l), from Proto-Indo-European *tel-k-, *tl-ek- (“to push, to hit, to kick, to trample”). The original meaning of this word was therefore “trampler,” “stomper,” “pounder,” showing that it was a descriptive term that replaced (probably for taboo reasons) an earlier word for “bear” (cf. Proto-Indo-European *h₂ŕ̥tḱos, whence Latin ursus, Ancient Greek ἄρκτος (árktos), Sanskrit ऋक्ष (ṛ́kṣa)), which left no traces in Baltic. (An earlier theory, which related lācis to the verb lakt “to drink,” i.e., the “(honey) drinker,” is not reconcilable with the Old Prussian cognate.) Cognates include Lithuanian lokỹs, Old Prussian clokis (klokis) (< *tlokis; cf. place names like Tlokumpelk (“bear swamp”)), Sudovian łukas. Compare Russian топтыгин (toptygin, “bear, lit. trampler, stomper”).

cog

lāča midzenis

baltais lācis

ledus lācis, leduslācis

medīt lāčus

stiprs, liels kā lācis

lāča miegs

guļ kā lācis

brūnā lāča svars var būt vairākus simtus kilogramu (parasti ap 250 kg)

the weight of a brown bear can be several hundred kilograms (usually around 250 kg)


kvieši

kvieši (nominative plural)
kviešu (genitive plural)
kviešiem (dative plural)
kviešus (accusative plural)
kviešiem (instrumental plural)
kviešos (locative plural)
kvieši (plural vocative)

From an earlier *kvietis (plural kvieši, genitive *kvietya > kvieša, from which a new singular kviesis was formed by analogy), from Proto-Baltic *kʷiet-, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷeyt- (“to shine; bright; white”), from a stem *kew-, *ḱew- (“to shine; bright”) with an extra -t. The original meaning was probably “light, bright one” > “wheat,” given its color. Cognates include Lithuanian kviečiaĩ, singular kvietỹs, Proto-Germanic *hwaitijaz (Old Norse hveiti, Norwegian kveite, Old High German weizi, German Weizen, Old English hwæte, English wheat).

uder

kviešu milti

kviešu maize

kviešu lauks

sēt kviešus

pļaut kviešus

Triticum aestivum
Triticum aestivum#Translingual


avene

avene (nominative singular)
avenes (nominative plural)
avenes (genitive singular)
aveņu (genitive plural)
avenei (dative singular)
avenēm (dative plural)
aveni (accusative singular)
avenes (accusative plural)
aveni (instrumental singular)
avenēm (instrumental plural)
avenē (locative singular)
avenēs (locative plural)
avene (singular vocative)
avenes (plural vocative)

Derived from the word avs “ewe” (cf. auns) + -ene. Raspberries are compared to sheep because of their softness and the tiny projections on their surface. Another possible motivation is that sheep often eat raspberry leaves. Cognates include Lithuanian aviẽtė.

meža, dārza avene

smaržīgā avene

aveņu puduris

baltās avenes

avenes izplatītas visā ziemeļu puslodes mērenajā joslā, ogas sarkanas

raspberries (are) found all over the temperate zone of the Northern hemisphere, (its) berries (are) red

raspberry (a plant of the family Rosaceae, genus Rubus, with sweet, aromatic, usually red berries)


biete

biete (nominative singular)
bietes (nominative plural)
bietes (genitive singular)
biešu (genitive plural)
bietei (dative singular)
bietēm (dative plural)
bieti (accusative singular)
bietes (accusative plural)
bieti (instrumental singular)
bietēm (instrumental plural)
bietē (locative singular)
bietēs (locative plural)
biete (singular vocative)
bietes (plural vocative)


tabaka

tabaka (nominative singular)
tabakas (genitive singular)
tabakai (dative singular)
tabaku (accusative singular)
tabaku (instrumental singular)
tabakā (locative singular)
tabaka (singular vocative)

Via other European languages, ultimately borrowed from Spanish tabaco, itself borrowed from a Taíno (Arawakan) word meaning either “roll of tobacco leaves” or “pipe for smoking tobacco,” but apparently also merged with a pre-existing borrowing from Arabic طَبَاق (ṭabāq, “a type of medicinal herb”), found in the early 15th century as the name of various herbs.

der

tabakas audzēšana

tabakas šķirne

tabakas lapas satur nikotīnu, kas ir stipra sirds inde un pamazām atstāj graujošu ietekmi uz cilvēka asinsvadu sistēmu un nerviem

tobacco leaves contain nicotine, which is a strong heart poison and has gradual destructive influence on a person's circulatory and nervous systems

Nicotiana tabacum
Nicotiana tabacum#Translingual

tobacco (several plants of the genus Nicotiana, especially Nicotiana tabacum and related species, with leaves used for smoking or chewing)


gulta

gulta (nominative singular)
gultas (nominative plural)
gultas (genitive singular)
gultu (genitive plural)
gultai (dative singular)
gultām (dative plural)
gultu (accusative singular)
gultas (accusative plural)
gultu (instrumental singular)
gultām (instrumental plural)
gultā (locative singular)
gultās (locative plural)
gulta (singular vocative)
gultas (plural vocative)

Derived from the verb gult (“to lie down”) (q.v.; cf. also its originally iterative-durative form gulēt (“to lie; to sleep”)). From the original meaning of gult (“to bend”), its participle gults indicated a “bent” or “dug in” place, probably via the meaning of animal sleeping places, which are often dug on the ground. Cognates include Lithuanian gùlta (“place to lie down”), gùltas (“sleeping place; sleeping boards; lake valley”).

dzelzs, koka gulta

saliekamā gulta

vienguļama gulta

divguļama, divvietīga gulta

laulības gulta

gultas galvgalis, kājgalis

sēdēt uz gultas malas

klāt gultu

likties gultā

kāzu gulta

gultas režīms

gulēt uz gultas

guļamistabā bija divas platas gultas ar baltām segām un lieliem, platiem spilveniem

in the bedroom there were two wide beds with white blankets and big, wide pillows

bed (piece of furniture for resting or sleeping on)


tauriņš

tauriņš (nominative singular)
tauriņi (nominative plural)
tauriņa (genitive singular)
tauriņu (genitive plural)
tauriņam (dative singular)
tauriņiem (dative plural)
tauriņu (accusative singular)
tauriņus (accusative plural)
tauriņu (instrumental singular)
tauriņiem (instrumental plural)
tauriņā (locative singular)
tauriņos (locative plural)
tauriņ (singular vocative)
tauriņi (plural vocative)

From Latvian tàurs, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *taurás, from Proto-Indo-European *táwros.

dzeltens tauriņš

tauriņa kāpurs

tauriņu kolekcija


zirgs

zirgs (nominative singular)
zirgi (nominative plural)
zirga (genitive singular)
zirgu (genitive plural)
zirgam (dative singular)
zirgiem (dative plural)
zirgu (accusative singular)
zirgus (accusative plural)
zirgu (instrumental singular)
zirgiem (instrumental plural)
zirgā (locative singular)
zirgos (locative plural)
zirg (singular vocative)
zirgi (plural vocative)

From Proto-Baltic *źirˀgás. Cognates include Lithuanian žìrgas (“good, beautiful horse; steed”), Old Prussian sirgis ([zirgis], “stallion”), Sudovian zirgo (“horse”).

cog

šķirnes zirgs

darba zirgs

sacīkšu zirgs

neiebraukts zirgs

braukt ar zirgu

zirgs rikšo, auļo

zirgs zviedz

apkalt zirgu

dzirdīt zirgus pie akas

jūgt zirgu arklā

strādā kā zirgs

Equus caballus
Equus caballus#Translingual

horse (esp. Equus caballus; generic word)


madara

madara (nominative singular)
madaras (nominative plural)
madaras (genitive singular)
madaru (genitive plural)
madarai (dative singular)
madarām (dative plural)
madaru (accusative singular)
madaras (accusative plural)
madaru (instrumental singular)
madarām (instrumental plural)
madarā (locative singular)
madarās (locative plural)
madara (singular vocative)
madaras (plural vocative)

Probably borrowed from Estonian madar, from Proto-Finnic *matara.

madaru dzimta

ķeraiņu madara

mīkstā madara

ziemeļu madara

baltās un dzeltenās madaras

Rubia tinctorum
Rubia tinctorum#Translingual

madder, bedstraw (a type of flowering plant, Rubia tinctorum)


pīle

pīle (nominative singular)
pīles (nominative plural)
pīles (genitive singular)
pīļu (genitive plural)
pīlei (dative singular)
pīlēm (dative plural)
pīli (accusative singular)
pīles (accusative plural)
pīli (instrumental singular)
pīlēm (instrumental plural)
pīlē (locative singular)
pīlēs (locative plural)
pīle (singular vocative)
pīles (plural vocative)

Of onomatopoeic (imitative) origin, as is the case with several other Indo-European bird names, all from Proto-Indo-European onomatopoeic *pī- (reduplicated form *pīp-): Samogitian pīlė (“duck”), Bulgarian пи́ле (píle, “chick, young bird”), Serbo-Croatian pȉle (“chick”), Slovene pípa (“chicken”), Ancient Greek πῑ́πος (pī́pos, “young bird”). The Latvian term, originally probably a dialectal colloquialism, has apparently replaced an earlier Proto-Baltic *antis; compare Lithuanian ántis (“duck”).

mājas pīle

meža pīle

pīļu mātīte

pīļu olas

pīļu ligzdošanas vietas

pīļu audzētava

pīles cepetis


ods

ods (nominative singular)
odi (nominative plural)
oda (genitive singular)
odu (genitive plural)
odam (dative singular)
odiem (dative plural)
odu (accusative singular)
odus (accusative plural)
odu (instrumental singular)
odiem (instrumental plural)
odā (locative singular)
odos (locative plural)
od (singular vocative)
odi (plural vocative)

From Proto-Baltic *uodas, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ed- (“to eat, to bite”). Cognates include Lithuanian úodas. The original meaning was thus “eater, biter.”

der

oda kodums

malārijas odi

pa logu ielido odi un raudulīgi sīc, pēc asinīm izslāpuši

mosquitos flew at the window and buzzed tearfully, thirsty for blood

gnat, mosquito (small insects (order: Diptera), especially mosquitos (family: Culicidae) that bite and suck blood)


alata

alata (nominative singular)
alatas (nominative plural)
alatas (genitive singular)
alatu (genitive plural)
alatai (dative singular)
alatām (dative plural)
alatu (accusative singular)
alatas (accusative plural)
alatu (instrumental singular)
alatām (instrumental plural)
alatā (locative singular)
alatās (locative plural)
alata (singular vocative)
alatas (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Middle Low German alat, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *al- (“white, shiny”), first mentioned in 18th-century sources.

cog

alatu dzimta

ej tikai pie upes un velc zivis ārā: asarus ar tārpu, raudas ar sienāzi, bet foreles, alatas;, sīgas un citas gudrākas zivis ar mušu vai kāpuru.

just go to the river and pull the fish out: perches with a worm, roaches with a grasshopper; but trouts, graylings, whitefish and other smarter fish with a fly or a fly larva

Alburnus alburnus
Alburnus alburnus#Translingual

common bleak (small river fish of the family Cyprinidae, species Alburnus alburnus)


vārna

vārna (nominative singular)
vārnas (nominative plural)
vārnas (genitive singular)
vārnu (genitive plural)
vārnai (dative singular)
vārnām (dative plural)
vārnu (accusative singular)
vārnas (accusative plural)
vārnu (instrumental singular)
vārnām (instrumental plural)
vārnā (locative singular)
vārnās (locative plural)
vārna (singular vocative)
vārnas (plural vocative)

From an earlier *varna (where the intonation later caused lengthening: ar̄ > āːr), from Proto-Baltic *war- with an extra -nā, from Proto-Indo-European *war-, *wer- (“to burn; to be black”). A parallel masculine counterpart must have existed, from Proto-Baltic *war-no-, *war-nyo-; cf. Lithuanian var̃nas, Old Prussian warnis, Russian во́рон (vóron) (< Proto-Slavic *vronъ). In Latvian, a masculine form vārnis is attested only in folk tales. Cognates include Lithuanian várna, Old Prussian warne, Proto-Slavic *vorna (Old Church Slavonic врана (vrana), Russian, Ukrainian воро́на (voróna), Belarusian варо́на (varóna), Bulgarian вра́на (vrána), Czech vrána, Polish wrona), Tocharian B wrauña.

pelēkā, melnā vārna

vārnu ligzda

vārnu olas

kailajos zaros sakliegdamies nometās uz naktsguļu vārnu bariņš

on the naked branches, a small group of cawing crows came down to sleep

Corvus corone
Corvus corone#Translingual

Corvus cornix
Corvus cornix#Translingual

crow (several species of passerine birds of genus Corvus, esp. Corvus corone and Corvus cornix, with black or grayish black feathers)


liepa

liepa (nominative singular)
liepas (nominative plural)
liepas (genitive singular)
liepu (genitive plural)
liepai (dative singular)
liepām (dative plural)
liepu (accusative singular)
liepas (accusative plural)
liepu (instrumental singular)
liepām (instrumental plural)
liepā (locative singular)
liepās (locative plural)
liepa (singular vocative)
liepas (plural vocative)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *léiˀpāˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *leyp- (“to glue, to paste”), whence also lipt (“to stick, to adhere”).
Reflexes of the non-diphthongized stem can be seen in place names like Līpes kalns or Lipaiķi. The name probably came from the soft, pleasant leaves of this tree (or perhaps because of its sticky sap). A different name for the linden tree, from Proto-Indo-European *lento-, can be seen in English lind, linden, German Linde, and is reflected in Latvian lieta (“thing”) (q.v.). Cognates include Lithuanian líepa, Old Prussian lipe ([liːpe]), *leipe (from place names like Leypein, Leypiten), Proto-Slavic *lipa (Ukrainian, Russian ли́па (lípa), Belarusian лі́па (lípa), Bulgarian липа́ (lipá), Czech lípa, Polish lipa). (There were apparently also Germanic cognates — later replaced by reflexes of *lento- — as in the city name Leipciga, today's Leipzig.)

der

kupla liepa

liepu ziedi

liepu lūki

liepu (ziedu) tēja

Tilia cordata
Tilia cordata#Translingual

linden tree, lime tree (esp. Tilia cordata)


cauna

cauna (nominative singular)
caunas (nominative plural)
caunas (genitive singular)
caunu (genitive plural)
caunai (dative singular)
caunām (dative plural)
caunu (accusative singular)
caunas (accusative plural)
caunu (instrumental singular)
caunām (instrumental plural)
caunā (locative singular)
caunās (locative plural)
cauna (singular vocative)
caunas (plural vocative)

From Proto-Baltic *kyau-, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱew-, *kew- (“to shine; light; bright”), with an added suffix *-no. Cognates include Lithuanian kiáunė, dialectal kiaunė̃, Old Prussian caune ([kaune]) (compare dialectal Latvian caune), Proto-Slavic *kuna (Russian куни́ца (kuníca), dialectal куна́ (kuná), Czech kuna).

inh

meža cauna

medīt caunas

caunu kažoks

caunu cepure

putni ziemā viegli kļūst par laupījumu vanagam, caunai, sermulim un lapsai

birds in winter easily become prey to hawks, martens, ermines and foxes

marten (several species of mustelids of genus Martes)


kaza

kaza (nominative singular)
kazas (nominative plural)
kazas (genitive singular)
kazu (genitive plural)
kazai (dative singular)
kazām (dative plural)
kazu (accusative singular)
kazas (accusative plural)
kazu (instrumental singular)
kazām (instrumental plural)
kazā (locative singular)
kazās (locative plural)
kaza (singular vocative)
kazas (plural vocative)

Apparently borrowed from Russian коза́ (kozá): note that the words for “male goat” and “female goat” in Latvian are non-cognate (āzis and kaza), unlike other Baltic languages (Lithuanian ožỹs, ožkà; Old Prussian wosux ([vōzuks]), wosee ([vōzē])), which suggests that an earlier Latvian term, perhaps *āze (apparently present in place names like Āzes), was replaced by the borrowed kaza.

mājas kazas

kalnu kazas

kazu vilna

kazas bārda

Capra aegagrus hircus
Capra aegagrus hircus#Translingual

kazu piens

kazu siers

slaukt kazu


uts

uts (nominative singular)
utis (nominative plural)
uts (genitive singular)
utu (genitive plural)
utij (dative singular)
utīm (dative plural)
uti (accusative singular)
utis (accusative plural)
uti (instrumental singular)
utīm (instrumental plural)
utī (locative singular)
utīs (locative plural)
uts (singular vocative)
utis (plural vocative)

Usually derived from Proto-Indo-European *wēt-, *wet-, *ut-, from the stem *wē- (“to blow”) (whence also Latin vējš (“wind”), q.v.) with a suffix -t.
J. Endzelīns, connecting this word to Old Prussian wutris (“blacksmith”), and noting the ancient link between the notions of “forging” and “pricking, piercing” (compare Latvian kalt (“to forge”), Russian коло́ть (kolótʹ, “to pierce”)), suggested that the original meaning of uts was “that which pierces; stitch.”
Another opinion is that uts (via *wet-, with a suffix -t) derives from Proto-Indo-European *eu- (“to feel”) (whence also Latvian just (“to feel”), q.v.), so that its original meaning would have been “that which is felt, which irritates”.
A third suggestion is that uts comes from Proto-Indo-European *lus-, *luH- (“louse”) (compare Lithuanian liũlė, German Laus, English louse), a word which many daughter languages altered or abandoned, perhaps because of linguistic taboos; in the Baltic case, only the middle u would have been kept, with an extra suffix -t. Cognates include Lithuanian utėlė̃, dialectal utė̃, utìs.

galvas, drēbju uts

kaunuma uts

utu ķemme

louse, lice (many species of small insect parasites, all in the order Psocodea)


vilks

vilks (nominative singular)
vilki (nominative plural)
vilka (genitive singular)
vilku (genitive plural)
vilkam (dative singular)
vilkiem (dative plural)
vilku (accusative singular)
vilkus (accusative plural)
vilku (instrumental singular)
vilkiem (instrumental plural)
vilkā (locative singular)
vilkos (locative plural)
vilk (singular vocative)
vilki (plural vocative)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *wilkás, from Proto-Indo-European *wĺ̥kʷos. The word would originally have been a descriptive nickname ('the killer, the plunderer, the destroyer'), the original name having perhaps become a taboo word. Note that similarly formed nicknames for “wolf” still occur in modern Latvian: pelēcis (“gray one”), mežainis (“forest one”), mežavīrs (“forest man”), vecbrālis (“old brother”), etc.

pelēkais vilks

vilka midzenis

vilku bars

vilks gaudo, kauc

vilku kaucieni

medīt vilkus

izsalcis kā vilks


ezis

ezis (nominative singular)
eži (nominative plural)
eža (genitive singular)
ežu (genitive plural)
ezim (dative singular)
ežiem (dative plural)
ezi (accusative singular)
ežus (accusative plural)
ezi (instrumental singular)
ežiem (instrumental plural)
ezī (locative singular)
ežos (locative plural)
ezi (singular vocative)
eži (plural vocative)

From Proto-Baltic *ežis, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *eźis, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁eǵʰis (“hedgehog”), perhaps from eǵʰi-no-s “one that deals with snakes” > “snake-eater”.
Cognates include Lithuanian ežỹs, regional ẽżis, Proto-Slavic *ežь (Russian ёж (jož), Ukrainian dialectal ож (ož), Bulgarian еж (ež), Czech regional jež, Polish jeż), Old High German igil (< *eǵʰil-), Middle Low German egel, German Igel), Ancient Greek ἐχῖνος (ekhînos), Old Armenian ոզնի (ozni).

eža adatas

ass kā ezis


cirmenis

cirmenis (nominative singular)
cirmeņi (nominative plural)
cirmeņa (genitive singular)
cirmeņu (genitive plural)
cirmenim (dative singular)
cirmeņiem (dative plural)
cirmeni (accusative singular)
cirmeņus (accusative plural)
cirmeni (instrumental singular)
cirmeņiem (instrumental plural)
cirmenī (locative singular)
cirmeņos (locative plural)
cirmeni (singular vocative)
cirmeņi (plural vocative)

PIE word
 *kʷŕ̥mis
From Proto-Balto-Slavic *kírmis, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷŕ̥mis. Cognate with Proto-Slavic *čьrvь, Lithuanian kirmis (“worm”).


ābele

ābele (nominative singular)
ābeles (nominative plural)
ābeles (genitive singular)
ābeļu (genitive plural)
ābelei (dative singular)
ābelēm (dative plural)
ābeli (accusative singular)
ābeles (accusative plural)
ābeli (instrumental singular)
ābelēm (instrumental plural)
ābelē (locative singular)
ābelēs (locative plural)
ābele (singular vocative)
ābeles (plural vocative)

From Proto-Baltic *āˀbōl, genitive *āˀbeles (from this paradigm, the two forms ābols (“apple”) and ābele (“apple tree”) were later differentiated), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ébl̥, *h₂ebōl, a word which some consider a borrowing from some pre-Indo-European language.
Cognates include Lithuanian obelìs, Old Prussian wobelne, Proto-Slavic *ablonь, *abolnь (Ukrainian я́блінь (jáblinʹ), Russian я́блоня (jáblonja), Belarusian я́бланя (jáblanja), Bulgarian ябла́н (jablán), абла́н (ablán), Czech jabloň, Polish jabłoń).

stādīt, kopt ābeles

ābele ziedos

ābele pilna ar āboliem

ābeļu sugas

galva balta kā ābele

head as white as an apple tree(= gray hair)


circenis

circenis (nominative singular)
circeņi (nominative plural)
circeņa (genitive singular)
circeņu (genitive plural)
circenim (dative singular)
circeņiem (dative plural)
circeni (accusative singular)
circeņus (accusative plural)
circeni (instrumental singular)
circeņiem (instrumental plural)
circenī (locative singular)
circeņos (locative plural)
circeni (singular vocative)
circeņi (plural vocative)

Apparently derived with -enis from a no longer extant noun stem.


kovārnis

kovārnis (nominative singular)
kovārņi (nominative plural)
kovārņa (genitive singular)
kovārņu (genitive plural)
kovārnim (dative singular)
kovārņiem (dative plural)
kovārni (accusative singular)
kovārņus (accusative plural)
kovārni (instrumental singular)
kovārņiem (instrumental plural)
kovārnī (locative singular)
kovārņos (locative plural)
kovārni (singular vocative)
kovārņi (plural vocative)


putns

putns (nominative singular)
putni (nominative plural)
putna (genitive singular)
putnu (genitive plural)
putnam (dative singular)
putniem (dative plural)
putnu (accusative singular)
putnus (accusative plural)
putnu (instrumental singular)
putniem (instrumental plural)
putnā (locative singular)
putnos (locative plural)
putns (singular vocative)
putni (plural vocative)

Disputed:
Traditionally derived from Proto-Baltic *putnas, a morphological variant of *putā- (originally “young bird”), from Proto-Indo-European *pōw-t-, *pu(h₂)-t- (“small one, baby”), from or akin to the root *pe(h₂)w- (“little”). Another possibility is that the original stem was *pawt- (“to father”), with Latvian pauts (“testicle”) (dialectally also “egg”) as a direct reflex; from the zero grade form *put- > putns (perhaps with the suffix -ens); in this respect, cf. Sudovian paud (“bird”). For these hypotheses, cognates include Lithuanian putýtis (“chick”), paũkštis (“bird”), Old Church Slavonic пътица (pŭtica), Russian пти́ца (ptíca), Sanskrit पोत (póta, “young animal, offspring”), पुत्र (putrá, “son, child”), Ancient Greek πῶλος (pôlos, “foal”), Latin puer (“child, boy”). Neither hypothesis, however, completely explains the form of this word.
A more recent suggestion is Proto-Indo-European *pet-, *peth₂- (“to jump, to fly, to fall”), from which Old Irish ēn (“bird”) (< *pet-no-), German Feder (“feather”) (< *pet-er-), Hittite 𒁁𒋻 (pát-tar, “wing”), Sanskrit पतति (patati, “to fly, to fall”), Ancient Greek πέτομαι (pétomai, “to fly”), πτερόν (pterón, “wing”), Latin penna (“feather”) (< *pet-na). From *pét-r-, *pet-n-és > *ptér-, *pten-és, where an epenthetic -u- would lead to *putne-, *puten- (cf. dialectal diminutive puteniņš with e), from which putns.

cog

sauszemes, ūdens putns

jūras, meža putns

nakts putns

caurceļotāji putns

putnu pārceļošana, migrācija

putnu spalvas, knābis

putnu olas, ligzda

putnu dziesmas

putnu mēdības

putnu gaļa

putnu kūts

putnu biedēklis

ceļotāji, gāju putni, gājputni

ziemotāji putni

mājas putni, mājputni

putnu mēris

izēdināt putnus spēkbarību un graudus

bird (vertebrate animal of the class Aves, covered with feathers, with wings and often capable of flying)


ērglis

ērglis (nominative singular)
ērgļi (nominative plural)
ērgļa (genitive singular)
ērgļu (genitive plural)
ērglim (dative singular)
ērgļiem (dative plural)
ērgli (accusative singular)
ērgļus (accusative plural)
ērgli (instrumental singular)
ērgļiem (instrumental plural)
ērglī (locative singular)
ērgļos (locative plural)
ērgli (singular vocative)
ērgļi (plural vocative)

From Proto-Baltic *erélis (“eagle”) (whence dialectal Latvian erelis, then *er(e)lis > *èrdlis > *èrglis > ērglis), from Proto-Balto-Slavic *arélis, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃érō (“eagle”).
Cognates include Lithuanian erẽlis, regional arẽlis, Old Prussian arelie (corrected: arelis), Hittite 𒄩𒀀𒊏𒀸 (ḫāras, “eagle”), Proto-Slavic *orьlъ (Old Church Slavonic орьлъ (orĭlŭ), Russian орёл (orjól), Belarusian аро́л (aról), Ukrainian оре́л (orél), Bulgarian оре́л (orél), Czech orel, Slovak orol, Polish orzeł), Proto-Germanic *aran (Gothic 𐌰𐍂𐌰 (ara, “eagle”), Old High German arn, German Aar (poetic), Adler, Dutch adelaar (both from adel-are “noble eagle”), Danish ørn, Swedish örn, Old English earn), Ancient Greek ὄρνις (órnis, “bird”).

kalnu ērglis

klinšu ērglis

jūras ērglis

zivju ērglis

ērgļa acis, skatiens

eagle eyes, vision (i.e., very sharp eyes, vision)

eagle (large carnivorous birds in fam. Accipitridae, with hooked bill and keen vision)


zvirbulis

zvirbulis (nominative singular)
zvirbuļi (nominative plural)
zvirbuļa (genitive singular)
zvirbuļu (genitive plural)
zvirbulim (dative singular)
zvirbuļiem (dative plural)
zvirbuli (accusative singular)
zvirbuļus (accusative plural)
zvirbuli (instrumental singular)
zvirbuļiem (instrumental plural)
zvirbulī (locative singular)
zvirbuļos (locative plural)
zvirbuli (singular vocative)
zvirbuļi (plural vocative)

From Proto-Indo-European *werb-, *werp- ( + -ulis; compare also vērpt (“to spin”)), from *wer- (“to turn, to twist, to bend”) (with an extra suffix -p, -b). The original meaning was a bird that turns and moves all the time. The initial z is either from an s-mobile, or the influence of some other term for this bird species (e.g., dialectal žīgurs, žvīgurs, žvingurs, apparently from the same stem as zviegt (“to neigh, to whinny”), q.v.). Cognates include Lithuanian žvìrblis, Old Church Slavonic врабии (vrabii), Russian воробе́й (vorobéj), Bulgarian врабе́ц (vrabéc), Czech vrabec, Polish wróbel.

mājas zvirbulis

sparrow (a number of bird species of the order Passeriformes, genus Passer)


vēzis

vēzis (nominative singular)
vēži (nominative plural)
vēža (genitive singular)
vēžu (genitive plural)
vēzim (dative singular)
vēžiem (dative plural)
vēzi (accusative singular)
vēžus (accusative plural)
vēzi (instrumental singular)
vēžiem (instrumental plural)
vēzī (locative singular)
vēžos (locative plural)
vēzi (singular vocative)
vēži (plural vocative)

There are various opinions about the origin of this word. Some derive it from the verb vēzēt (“to swing quickly (from one side to the other)”), or from the verb vēzt (“to drag (sideways, back)”); others relate it to Lithuanian verb vóžti (“to shut, to cover”); others compare it to Sanskrit वाह्यकी (vāhyakī), वाहक (vāhaka, “some poisonous insect”). Cognates include Lithuanian vėžỹs.

jūras vēži

upes vēži

purva vēzis

sarkans kā vārīts vēzis

velkas kā vēzis

(it) drags itself like a crayfish (= slowly)

kuņģa, plaušu, krūts vēzis

vēža slimnieks

(medicine, pathology) cancer (disease characterized by uncontrolled cellular growth)

āboliņa vēzis

augļu koku vēzis

kartupeļu vēzis

(botany) plant disease characterized by growths on the trunk or roots


krupis

krupis (nominative singular)
krupji (nominative plural)
krupja (genitive singular)
krupju (genitive plural)
krupim (dative singular)
krupjiem (dative plural)
krupi (accusative singular)
krupjus (accusative plural)
krupi (instrumental singular)
krupjiem (instrumental plural)
krupī (locative singular)
krupjos (locative plural)
krupi (singular vocative)
krupji (plural vocative)


lauva

lv-noun

lauva m or f (4th declension, irregular gender, dative singular)

gender (irregular)
lauva (nominative singular)
lauvas (nominative plural)
lauvas (genitive singular)
lauvu (genitive plural)
lauvam (dative singular)
lauvai (dative singular)
lauvām (dative plural)
lauvu (accusative singular)
lauvas (accusative plural)
lauvu (instrumental singular)
lauvām (instrumental plural)
lauvā (locative singular)
lauvās (locative plural)
lauva (singular vocative)
lauvas (plural vocative)

→ Livonian: louv

Borrowed from Middle High German louwe (cf. German Löwe), from Proto-Germanic *laujan, a borrowing from Latin leō. It has been suggested, on the basis of Lithuanian liū̃tas (“lion”), Russian лю́тый зверь (ljútyj zverʹ, “beast, lion”), that there was an earlier Slavo-Balto-Germanic term with the root *liu-; if so, this term was lost very early on in Latvian, replaced by the Middle High German borrowing. First mentioned (as lavis, lauve) in 17th-century Bible translations. A family name Louvis is attested from the 16th century.

cog

лю́тый зверь

lauvu mātīte, lauvene

dresēt lauvas

lauvas tiesa


sarkanā mušmire

sarkanā mušmire (nominative singular)
sarkanās mušmires (nominative plural)
sarkanās mušmires (genitive singular)
sarkano mušmiru (genitive plural)
sarkanajai mušmirei (dative singular)
sarkanajām mušmirēm (dative plural)
sarkano mušmiri (accusative singular)
sarkanās mušmires (accusative plural)
sarkano mušmiri (instrumental singular)
sarkanajām mušmirēm (instrumental plural)
sarkanajā mušmirē (locative singular)
sarkanajās mušmirēs (locative plural)
sarkano mušmire (singular vocative)
sarkanā mušmire (singular vocative)
sarkanās mušmires (plural vocative)

Amanita muscaria
Amanita muscaria#Translingual

(mycology) fly agaric (a poisonous and psychoactive mushroom species, Amanita muscaria)


avs

avs (nominative singular)
avis (nominative plural)
avs (genitive singular)
avju (genitive plural)
avij (dative singular)
avīm (dative plural)
avi (accusative singular)
avis (accusative plural)
avi (instrumental singular)
avīm (instrumental plural)
avī (locative singular)
avīs (locative plural)
avs (singular vocative)
avis (plural vocative)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *áwis, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ówis.

avju gans

avs piens

(dated) ewe (female sheep; also generic term)


auns

auns (nominative singular)
auni (nominative plural)
auna (genitive singular)
aunu (genitive plural)
aunam (dative singular)
auniem (dative plural)
aunu (accusative singular)
aunus (accusative plural)
aunu (instrumental singular)
auniem (instrumental plural)
aunā (locative singular)
aunos (locative plural)
aun (singular vocative)
auni (plural vocative)

From Proto-Baltic *awinas, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃éwis (“sheep, ram”). Cognates include Lithuanian ãvinas, Old Prussian awins, Old Church Slavonic овьнъ (ovĭnŭ), Russian ове́н (ovén). These terms are formed from *h₃éwi-, originally a term for sheep in general (possibly derived from *ew-, *Hew- (“to dress”), i.e. “(animal) dressed (in wool)”), with a suffix *-in to distinguish male sheep. Other terms derived from *h₃éwi- include Old Church Slavonic овьца (ovĭca), Russian, Bulgarian овца (ovca), Belarusian аўца́ (aŭcá), аве́чка (avjéčka), Ukrainian вівца́ (vivcá), Czech ovce, Slovak ovca, Polish owca (“ewe”), Gothic 𐌰𐍅𐌴𐌸𐌹 (awēþi, “herd of sheep”), Old High German ouwi, ou (“ewe”) (< *awī), Hittite ẖawi-, Sanskrit अविः (áviḥ), Ancient Greek οἶς (oîs), Latin ovis.

der

ragains auns

atšķirt, nošķirt aunus no avīm

to distinguish the rams from the ewes (i.e., the good from the bad, the innocent from the guilty)


zilonis

zilonis (nominative singular)
ziloņi (nominative plural)
ziloņa (genitive singular)
ziloņu (genitive plural)
zilonim (dative singular)
ziloņiem (dative plural)
ziloni (accusative singular)
ziloņus (accusative plural)
ziloni (instrumental singular)
ziloņiem (instrumental plural)
zilonī (locative singular)
ziloņos (locative plural)
ziloni (singular vocative)
ziloņi (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Russian слон (slon) (itself probably a borrowing from Turkic), made into a 2nd-declension masculine noun (ending -is); the initial z apparently results from the influence of zils (“blue”). This word is first mentioned (as a 1st-declension masculine noun, zilons) in 19th-century dictionaries. It replaced previous borrowings like elevants, elefants, still in use well into the 19th century.

ziloņu mātīte

iet kā zilonis

to walk as an elephant (= heavily, clumsily)

ziloņu bars


citrons

citrons (nominative singular)
citroni (nominative plural)
citrona (genitive singular)
citronu (genitive plural)
citronam (dative singular)
citroniem (dative plural)
citronu (accusative singular)
citronus (accusative plural)
citronu (instrumental singular)
citroniem (instrumental plural)
citronā (locative singular)
citronos (locative plural)
citron (singular vocative)
citroni (plural vocative)

Perhaps via other European languages, ultimately borrowed from French citron, from Latin citrus (“citron tree”) (perhaps from a non-attested augmentative form).

citrons aug savvaļā, visvairāk dienvidaustrumu Himalajos... tikai 3. gadsimtā pirms mūsu ēras citroni ieviesās Itālijā

the lemon (tree) grows in the wild, especially in the southeastern Himalayas... only in the 3rd century B.C. were lemons introduced in Italy

lemon tree (small evergreen tree with yellow, aromatic, sour fruits, sp. Citrus limon)


salamandra

salamandra (nominative singular)
salamandras (nominative plural)
salamandras (genitive singular)
salamandru (genitive plural)
salamandrai (dative singular)
salamandrām (dative plural)
salamandru (accusative singular)
salamandras (accusative plural)
salamandru (instrumental singular)
salamandrām (instrumental plural)
salamandrā (locative singular)
salamandrās (locative plural)
salamandra (singular vocative)
salamandras (plural vocative)


bruņurupucis

bruņurupucis (nominative singular)
bruņurupuči (nominative plural)
bruņurupuča (genitive singular)
bruņurupuču (genitive plural)
bruņurupucim (dative singular)
bruņurupučiem (dative plural)
bruņurupuci (accusative singular)
bruņurupučus (accusative plural)
bruņurupuci (instrumental singular)
bruņurupučiem (instrumental plural)
bruņurupucī (locative singular)
bruņurupučos (locative plural)
bruņurupuci (singular vocative)
bruņurupuči (plural vocative)

From bruņu (“armor[gen.]”) + rupucis (“toad, turtle”).


kafija

kafija (nominative singular)
kafijas (nominative plural)
kafijas (genitive singular)
kafiju (genitive plural)
kafijai (dative singular)
kafijām (dative plural)
kafiju (accusative singular)
kafijas (accusative plural)
kafiju (instrumental singular)
kafijām (instrumental plural)
kafijā (locative singular)
kafijās (locative plural)
kafija (singular vocative)
kafijas (plural vocative)


kaktuss

kaktuss (nominative singular)
kaktusi (nominative plural)
kaktusa (genitive singular)
kaktusu (genitive plural)
kaktusam (dative singular)
kaktusiem (dative plural)
kaktusu (accusative singular)
kaktusus (accusative plural)
kaktusu (instrumental singular)
kaktusiem (instrumental plural)
kaktusā (locative singular)
kaktusos (locative plural)
kaktus (singular vocative)
kaktusi (plural vocative)


ozols

ozols (nominative singular)
ozoli (nominative plural)
ozola (genitive singular)
ozolu (genitive plural)
ozolam (dative singular)
ozoliem (dative plural)
ozolu (accusative singular)
ozolus (accusative plural)
ozolu (instrumental singular)
ozoliem (instrumental plural)
ozolā (locative singular)
ozolos (locative plural)
ozol (singular vocative)
ozoli (plural vocative)

From Proto-Baltic *anžōl-, *anžōn- (later o-stem *anzuol-as), from Proto-Indo-European *anǵōl-, *anǵōn-. The origin of the latter stem is disputed.
* Some derive it from *gʷel- (“acorn”);
* others compare it to Proto-Slavic *ǫzlъ (“knot”) (cf. Russian узел (uzel)), suggesting that the original meaning of ozols was "knotty, knobby, knobbly";
* others see a connection with an earlier adjective *anžola- (“knobby, tuberous”), from *anža (“knob, tuber”) (earlier "narrow, compressed");
* others yet derive it from Proto-Indo-European *angʷ(h)i- (“snake”), parallel form *anǵ- — assuming that it originally had the meaning of 'pierce, hollow' —, apparently because old oaks often have holes or hollow parts (cf. the parallel case of Russian дуб (dub), Old Church Slavonic дѫбъ (dǫbŭ) "oak", cognate with Latvian dobums "hollow, cavity").
Cognates include Lithuanian ą́žuolas, Old Prussian ansonis ([anzōnis]).

ozolu birzs

korķa ozols, korķozols

vīrs kā ozols


ūdrs

ūdrs (nominative singular)
ūdri (nominative plural)
ūdra (genitive singular)
ūdru (genitive plural)
ūdram (dative singular)
ūdriem (dative plural)
ūdru (accusative singular)
ūdrus (accusative plural)
ūdru (instrumental singular)
ūdriem (instrumental plural)
ūdrā (locative singular)
ūdros (locative plural)
ūdr (singular vocative)
ūdri (plural vocative)

From the same stem as ūdens: Proto-Indo-European *wódr̥, *wédōr (“water”), with a suffix *-ro, resulting in Proto-Indo-European *udrós (“water animal”), from which Proto-Baltic *ud-ra-s (or possibly Proto-Balto-Slavic *ū́ˀdrāˀ). The original meaning, “aquatic animal,” is attested in Sanskrit.
* Cognates include Lithuanian ū́dra, ū́dras (compare Latvian dialectal ūdris), Old Prussian udro, Proto-Slavic *vydra (Russian, Belarusian вы́дра (výdra), Bulgarian ви́дра (vídra), Czech vydra, Polish wydra, Upper Sorbian wudra), Proto-Germanic *otra < *utra (Old High German ottar, Old Norse otr, Old English otor, German Otter, Swedish utter, English otter), Sanskrit उद्र (udrá, “aquatic animal”), Ancient Greek ὕδρος (húdros), ὕδρα (húdra, “water serpent”), Latin lutra < *utrā- < *udrā- (French loutre, Romanian lutră, Italian, Portuguese lontra, Spanish lutria, nutria).

cog

parastais ūdrs

ūdri ir sastopami gandrīz visos kontinentos

otters can be found in almost all continents


čūska

čūska (nominative singular)
čūskas (nominative plural)
čūskas (genitive singular)
čūsku (genitive plural)
čūskai (dative singular)
čūskām (dative plural)
čūsku (accusative singular)
čūskas (accusative plural)
čūsku (instrumental singular)
čūskām (instrumental plural)
čūskā (locative singular)
čūskās (locative plural)
čūska (singular vocative)
čūskas (plural vocative)

This word is traditionally related to čukstēt (“to whisper; to hiss, to sizzle”) and considered imitative of a snake's hissing noise. It seems more likely, though, that the sound symbolism has influenced (cf. dialectal variants ķūska, cūška), but not created, the word, which could then be derived from earlier *čuk-skā-, from *ķuk-, *tʲuk with a suffix -skā, from Proto-Baltic *tyuk-, from Proto-Indo-European *tewk-, *tūk-, from a stem *tew-, *stew- (“to strike, to crush; to pierce”) (whence also Middle Low German stoken (“to stab, to prickle”), German stochern (“to pick, to poke”), Sanskrit दति (tudáti, “to push, to strike, to jab, to pierce”)). The original meaning of čūska was “one who stabs, pokes, pierces” (cf. dialectal verb čūkāt, čūskāt (“to pick, to poke”), čuslis (“long, pointed skewer; oven poker”)), and it was at first a nickname which replaced the earlier term odze, now restricted to a specific type of snake (“viper”).

indīga čūska

gludenā čūska

čūskas kodums, kodiens

čūska dzeļ, šņāc, ložņā

lokās kā čūska

snake (many species of legless reptiles of the suborder Serpentes)


vāvere

vāvere (nominative singular)
vāveres (nominative plural)
vāveres (genitive singular)
vāveru (genitive plural)
vāverei (dative singular)
vāverēm (dative plural)
vāveri (accusative singular)
vāveres (accusative plural)
vāveri (instrumental singular)
vāverēm (instrumental plural)
vāverē (locative singular)
vāverēs (locative plural)
vāvere (singular vocative)
vāveres (plural vocative)

From a reduplicated form of Proto-Baltic *war-, from Proto-Indo-European *wewer-, from *wor-, *wer- (“squirrel, small forest mammal”), probably from *wer- (“to turn, to bend”) (perhaps because of this animal's flexible body). Cognates include Lithuanian voverė̃, Old Prussian weware, Russian dialectal веверица (veverica), вевёрка (vevjórka), Belarusian вавё́рка (vavjórka), Ukrainian віве́рица (vivéryca), веві́рка (vevírka), ви́вірка (vývirka), Bulgarian ве́верица (véverica), Czech veverka, Polish wiewiórka, Old High German eihhurno, eihhorno (< *aik-wer-nô, German Eichhorn, Dutch eekhoorn, Persian وروره (varvarah), Welsh gwiwer, Latin vīverra (“ferret”).

rudā vāvere

klinšu vāvere

vāveres ligzda

vāvere čokstina


kapibara

kapibara (nominative singular)
kapibaras (nominative plural)
kapibaras (genitive singular)
kapibaru (genitive plural)
kapibarai (dative singular)
kapibarām (dative plural)
kapibaru (accusative singular)
kapibaras (accusative plural)
kapibaru (instrumental singular)
kapibarām (instrumental plural)
kapibarā (locative singular)
kapibarās (locative plural)
kapibara (singular vocative)
kapibaras (plural vocative)

Via other European languages, ultimately derived from Old Tupi kapibara (“slender grass/leaf eater”).

der

kapibarai ir vairākas īpašības, kas piemērotas dzīvei ūdenī

the capybara has many properties suitable for life in water

kapibaru barā parasti ir 10-20 indivīdu

in a capybara herd there usually are 10-20 individuals

Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris
Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris#Translingual

capybara (large South American rodent, especially Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris)


žurka

žurka (nominative singular)
žurkas (nominative plural)
žurkas (genitive singular)
žurku (genitive plural)
žurkai (dative singular)
žurkām (dative plural)
žurku (accusative singular)
žurkas (accusative plural)
žurku (instrumental singular)
žurkām (instrumental plural)
žurkā (locative singular)
žurkās (locative plural)
žurka (singular vocative)
žurkas (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Polish szczurek (“little rat, mouse”), diminutive of szczur (“rat”), first mentioned in the 17th century, apparently still as a foreign word; in the 18th century, it had already acquired its present form (but compare dialectal variants žurks, žorks, šurks).

žurku slazds

žurku inde

žurku zāles

slapjš kā (ūdens) žurka

pliks kā baznīcas žurka


lazda

lazda (nominative singular)
lazdas (nominative plural)
lazdas (genitive singular)
lazdu (genitive plural)
lazdai (dative singular)
lazdām (dative plural)
lazdu (accusative singular)
lazdas (accusative plural)
lazdu (instrumental singular)
lazdām (instrumental plural)
lazdā (locative singular)
lazdās (locative plural)
lazda (singular vocative)
lazdas (plural vocative)

lazdas koksne

lazdas audzes

lazdas spurdzes


lapsa

lapsa (nominative singular)
lapsas (nominative plural)
lapsas (genitive singular)
lapsu (genitive plural)
lapsai (dative singular)
lapsām (dative plural)
lapsu (accusative singular)
lapsas (accusative plural)
lapsu (instrumental singular)
lapsām (instrumental plural)
lapsā (locative singular)
lapsās (locative plural)
lapsa (singular vocative)
lapsas (plural vocative)

From earlier *lapesa, from Proto-Baltic *lap- (< *wlap-, *wlop-) with an extra element *-eš (< *-eḱ), from Proto-Indo-European *wlp-, *lup-, *lop-, *h₂wl(o)p, *h₂ulp, ultimately from the stem *wel- (“to pluck; to steal, to plunder; to tear”), whence also vilks (“wolf”), q.v.). The original meaning was, as in the case of vilks, also “thief,” “tearer.”
Cognates include Latgalian lopsa, Lithuanian lãpė, Old Prussian lape, Sudovian łaps, Breton louarn, Ancient Greek ἀλώπηξ (alṓpēx), Sanskrit लोपाश (lopāśa, “fox, jackal”), Latin volpēs, Khotanese [script needed] (rrūvāsa), Armenian աղվես (aġves), Persian روباه (rubâh) and probably Proto-Slavic *lisa.

sarkanā lapsa

lapsas āda

lapsu medības

viltīgs kā lapsa

lapsas ir veikli dzīvnieki, tās labi prot izvairīties no briesmām un iegūt laupījumu

foxes are crafty animals, they know well how to avoid danger and get prey

Vulpes vulpes
Vulpes vulpes#Translingual


jaks

jaks (nominative singular)
jaki (nominative plural)
jaka (genitive singular)
jaku (genitive plural)
jakam (dative singular)
jakiem (dative plural)
jaku (accusative singular)
jakus (accusative plural)
jaku (instrumental singular)
jakiem (instrumental plural)
jakā (locative singular)
jakos (locative plural)
jak (singular vocative)
jaki (plural vocative)


egle

egle (nominative singular)
egles (nominative plural)
egles (genitive singular)
egļu (genitive plural)
eglei (dative singular)
eglēm (dative plural)
egli (accusative singular)
egles (accusative plural)
egli (instrumental singular)
eglēm (instrumental plural)
eglē (locative singular)
eglēs (locative plural)
egle (singular vocative)
egles (plural vocative)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *edlis, considered by Pokorny to be from Proto-Indo-European *h₁edʰ- (“sharp, pointy”); however, this is rejected by Genaust. It could instead be a borrowing from a European substrate.
Cognate with Lithuanian ẽglė, Old Prussian addle, Proto-Slavic *edlь.


šakālis

šakālis (nominative singular)
šakāļi (nominative plural)
šakāļa (genitive singular)
šakāļu (genitive plural)
šakālim (dative singular)
šakāļiem (dative plural)
šakāli (accusative singular)
šakāļus (accusative plural)
šakāli (instrumental singular)
šakāļiem (instrumental plural)
šakālī (locative singular)
šakāļos (locative plural)
šakāli (singular vocative)
šakāļi (plural vocative)

Ultimately from Turkish çakal, from Persian شغال (šağâl), from Sanskrit सृगाल (sṛgālá).


osis

osis (nominative singular)
oši (nominative plural)
oša (genitive singular)
ošu (genitive plural)
osim (dative singular)
ošiem (dative plural)
osi (accusative singular)
ošus (accusative plural)
osi (instrumental singular)
ošiem (instrumental plural)
osī (locative singular)
ošos (locative plural)
osi (singular vocative)
oši (plural vocative)


bullis

bullis (nominative singular)
buļļi (nominative plural)
buļļa (genitive singular)
buļļu (genitive plural)
bullim (dative singular)
buļļiem (dative plural)
bulli (accusative singular)
buļļus (accusative plural)
bulli (instrumental singular)
buļļiem (instrumental plural)
bullī (locative singular)
buļļos (locative plural)
bulli (singular vocative)
buļļi (plural vocative)

tīršķirnes bullis

vaislas bullis

nikns kā bullis

very angry (literally, “fierce, wild as a bull,”)


tinis

tinis (nominative singular)
tiņi (nominative plural)
tiņa (genitive singular)
tiņu (genitive plural)
tinim (dative singular)
tiņiem (dative plural)
tini (accusative singular)
tiņus (accusative plural)
tini (instrumental singular)
tiņiem (instrumental plural)
tinī (locative singular)
tiņos (locative plural)
tini (singular vocative)
tiņi (plural vocative)


alnis

alnis (nominative singular)
aļņi (nominative plural)
aļņa (genitive singular)
aļņu (genitive plural)
alnim (dative singular)
aļņiem (dative plural)
alni (accusative singular)
aļņus (accusative plural)
alni (instrumental singular)
aļņiem (instrumental plural)
alnī (locative singular)
aļņos (locative plural)
alni (singular vocative)
aļņi (plural vocative)

From Proto-Baltic *alnis, from a derived form of Proto-Indo-European *h₁el- (“white, light, also reddish-brown color”) (maybe *h₁elh₁ēn). In ancient Latvian, alnis must have meant “deer” (in general), as in other Baltic languages; in this sense, however, the word disappeared, perhaps as a consequence of the diminishing numbers of this species in nature. Juris Alunāns reintroduced it into the literary language in the 19th century with its original meaning (“deer”), but, by the beginning of the 20th century, it had changed to its modern meaning (“elk”). Cognates include Lithuanian élnias, dialectal álnis (“deer”), Old Prussian alne (“wild animal”) (probably earlier “female deer”), Old Church Slavonic лани (lani), Russian лань (lanʹ), Czech laně (“female deer”), Proto-Slavic *(j)elenь (Old Church Slavonic ѥлєнь (jelenĭ), Russian and Ukrainian оле́нь (olénʹ), Belarusian але́нь (aljénʹ), Bulgarian еле́н (elén), Czech jelen, Polish jeleń), Ancient Greek ἑλλός (hellós, “dear-calf”), ἔλαφος (élaphos, “deer”) (< *h₁éln̥bʰos).

cog

aļņa ragi

aļņu telēns

medīt aļņus

klajumiņā parādījās meža skaistulis alnis ar vareniem lāpstveida ragiem

in the little clearing a large, beautiful forest elk appeared, with mighty flat horns


sabulis

sabulis (nominative singular)
sabuļi (nominative plural)
sabuļa (genitive singular)
sabuļu (genitive plural)
sabulim (dative singular)
sabuļiem (dative plural)
sabuli (accusative singular)
sabuļus (accusative plural)
sabuli (instrumental singular)
sabuļiem (instrumental plural)
sabulī (locative singular)
sabuļos (locative plural)
sabuli (singular vocative)
sabuļi (plural vocative)

Apparently from an old Slavic or Baltic word, reputed to have been borrowed from an East-Asiatic language, though none of the proposed candidates is universally accepted. From Slavic, the word was borrowed into Germanic (Middle Low German, Middle Dutch sabel, German Zobel), from Germanic into French, and from French into English sable. Cognates include Lithuanian sãbalas, Russian со́боль (sóbolʹ), Czech sobol, Polish soból.

sabuļa āda, sabuļāda

sabuļa, sabuļādas cepure

piebaikāla mežos sastopami slavenie sabuļi

in the forests around the Baikal lake, the famous sable can be found

sabulis ir viens no visvērtīgākajiem kažokzvēriem pasaulē

the sable is one of the most valuable fur-bearing animals in the world

Martes zibellina
Martes zibellina#Translingual

sable (a mustelid species of the marten family, Martes zibellina, mostly found in the Siberian taiga; also, its fur)