ola

ola (nominative singular)
olas (nominative plural)
olas (genitive singular)
olu (genitive plural)
olai (dative singular)
olām (dative plural)
olu (accusative singular)
olas (accusative plural)
olu (instrumental singular)
olām (instrumental plural)
olā (locative singular)
olās (locative plural)
ola (singular vocative)
olas (plural vocative)

From a previous Proto-Baltic neuter noun *wuolan, from Proto-Baltic *wuol-, from Proto-Indo-European *wēl-, *wōl-, the lengthened grade of the stem *wel- (“to turn, to roll, to wind”), whence also velt (“to roll, to trundle”). The original meaning was therefore “something that turns, rolls”, still visible in the dialectal verb olāt (“to roll, to trundle”), and in the standard Latvian term olis (“round pebble”), dialectally also ola. It is possible that Proto-Indo-European *h₂ōwyóm (“egg”), which would have become *wowan in Proto-Baltic, may have influenced the development of *wuolan into ola. A synonym term pauts was used alongside ola until the beginning of the 20th century, when ola became dominant and replaced it. Cognates include Lithuanian uolà (“cliff, rock”).

cieti, mīksti vārīta ola

cieta, mīksta ola

nolobīt olu

jēla ola

raw egg (also: unexperienced, naive person)

cepta ola

pildīta ola

olu kultenis

izdzert olu

to drink an egg (= to suck the liquid through a hole on the eggshell)

Lieldienu ola

Easter egg (painted egg, part of the celebration of Easter)

mums, kā vistu neturēja, tā olu pašiem nebija

since we didn't keep hens, we didn't have eggs

egg (said reproductive cell, usually from birds, used as food)


vista

vista (nominative singular)
vistas (nominative plural)
vistas (genitive singular)
vistu (genitive plural)
vistai (dative singular)
vistām (dative plural)
vistu (accusative singular)
vistas (accusative plural)
vistu (instrumental singular)
vistām (instrumental plural)
vistā (locative singular)
vistās (locative plural)
vista (singular vocative)
vistas (plural vocative)

There are two theories on the origin of this word. One derives it from Proto-Baltic *wiš- (with an extra element -tā), from Proto-Indo-European *wik-, the zero grade form of *weyḱ- (“house, settlement”). The original meaning would then have been “(relating to) the house, the settlement", from which "domestic (animal)” and finally “chicken.” The other theory relates it to Avestan 𐬬𐬍𐬱 (vīš, “bird”), possibly from a Proto-Indo-European stem *weys-. Cognates include Lithuanian vištà.

mājas vista

vista ar cāļiem

vistas gaļa, olas

vistu kūts

perētāja vista

cekulainā vista

vistas buljons

Gallus gallus
Gallus gallus#Translingual

hen (female chicken); chicken (Gallus gallus in general)


suns

lv-noun

suns m (2nd declension, irregular nominative)

suns (nominative singular)
suņi (nominative plural)
suņa (genitive singular)
suņu (genitive plural)
sunim (dative singular)
suņiem (dative plural)
suni (accusative singular)
suņus (accusative plural)
suni (instrumental singular)
suņiem (instrumental plural)
sunī (locative singular)
suņos (locative plural)
suni (singular vocative)
suņi (plural vocative)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *kwṓ. An older Latvian form *so is now found only in one dialect (Nīgrande) as a word to call dogs. Cognates include Lithuanian šuõ (genitive šuñs, dialectal šunis), Old Prussian sunis, Proto-Germanic *hundaz (Gothic 𐌷𐌿𐌽𐌳𐍃 (hunds), Old Norse hundr, Icelandic hundur, Swedish hund, Old High German hunt, Old English hund, German Hund, Dutch hond, English hound), Irish cú, Welsh ci, plural cŵn, Sanskrit श्वन् (śván), genitive शुनस् (śunas), Avestan 𐬯𐬞𐬁 (spā), genitive plural 𐬯𐬎𐬥𐬀𐬨 (sunam), Old Armenian շուն (šun), Ancient Greek κύων (kúōn), Latin canis (Italian cane, Portuguese cão, French chien, Spanish can).

mājas suns

medību suns

aitu, ganu suns

nikns suns

suns rej uz gājēju

suņa dzīve, darbs

Canis lupus familiaris
Canis lupus familiaris#Translingual


aborts

aborts (nominative singular)
aborti (nominative plural)
aborta (genitive singular)
abortu (genitive plural)
abortam (dative singular)
abortiem (dative plural)
abortu (accusative singular)
abortus (accusative plural)
abortu (instrumental singular)
abortiem (instrumental plural)
abortā (locative singular)
abortos (locative plural)
abort (singular vocative)
aborti (plural vocative)

(medicine) abortion (premature termination of pregnancy before the full 22 weeks, spontaneous or artificial)

(veterinary medicine) abortion (premature natural termination or artificial termination of pregnancy in animals)


tele

tele (nominative singular)
teles (nominative plural)
teles (genitive singular)
teļu (genitive plural)
telei (dative singular)
telēm (dative plural)
teli (accusative singular)
teles (accusative plural)
teli (instrumental singular)
telēm (instrumental plural)
telē (locative singular)
telēs (locative plural)
tele (singular vocative)
teles (plural vocative)

pērnā tele

šķirnes tele

grūsna tele

te Tibils visu vasaru turēja savus lopus: divas teles, abas slaucamās govis, aitas un zirgus

here Tibils kept his animals all summer: the two heifers, both dairy cows, the sheep and the horses

nopētīju savu ganāmpulki, vai kāda no govīm, īpaši telēm, netaisās laisties blēņās uz zirņu lauku

he kept an eye on his herd, in case one of the cows, especially the heifers, wanted to play any tricks on the pea fields


aita

aita (nominative singular)
aitas (nominative plural)
aitas (genitive singular)
aitu (genitive plural)
aitai (dative singular)
aitām (dative plural)
aitu (accusative singular)
aitas (accusative plural)
aitu (instrumental singular)
aitām (instrumental plural)
aitā (locative singular)
aitās (locative plural)
aita (singular vocative)
aitas (plural vocative)

From Proto-Baltic *aitā, from Proto-Indo-European *ey-, *oy- (“to go”) (cf. iet) with an extra syllable tā. The original meaning was thus “goer, one that goes (around),” a common source of words for “sheep” (cf. Russian, Belarusian, Ukrainian баран (baran), a borrowing from Proto-Turkic *baran (“one that goes”)). An alternative theory, which derives aita from the diminutive avitiņa of dated avs (“sheep”) is less likely to be correct, since the avi > ai change would be irregular. Cognates include Lithuanian áita (feminine), áitas (“one who walks around a lot; restless person”) (masculine), Old Prussian aytegenis (“small (quick, restless) woodpecker”), Russian dialectal етенька (jetenʹka, “name used to call sheep”) (from *ěta- < *ait-), Hittite 𒇻 (iyant-, “sheep”) (lit. “goer, one that goes”).

cog

mājas aita

aitu gans

aitu suns

cirpt aitas


zoss

zoss (nominative singular)
zosis (nominative plural)
zoss (genitive singular)
zosu (genitive plural)
zosij (dative singular)
zosīm (dative plural)
zosi (accusative singular)
zosis (accusative plural)
zosi (instrumental singular)
zosīm (instrumental plural)
zosī (locative singular)
zosīs (locative plural)
zoss (singular vocative)
zosis (plural vocative)

From Proto-Baltic *źansís, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰh₂éns.

zosu bars

zosu spalvas

zoss cepetis

meža zoss

pelēkā zoss

goose (several birds of the tribe Anatini or subfamily Anatinae of the Anatidae family, genera Anser, Branta, and Chen)


govs

govs (nominative singular)
govis (nominative plural)
govs (genitive singular)
govju (genitive plural)
govij (dative singular)
govīm (dative plural)
govi (accusative singular)
govis (accusative plural)
govi (instrumental singular)
govīm (instrumental plural)
govī (locative singular)
govīs (locative plural)
govs (singular vocative)
govis (plural vocative)

From earlier Latvian *gùovis, from Eastern Proto-Baltic *guowis (an i-stem), from Proto-Balto-Slavic *gaw- ~ *gōw-, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷṓws (“cattle”).
Cognates include Hittite [script needed] (guwau-), Old Armenian կով (kov), Proto-Slavic *govędo (“cattle”) (Russian говя́дина (govjádina, “beef”), dialectal говя́до (govjádo, “cattle, beef, butter”), Belarusian гавя́да (havjáda, “domestic animal”), Bulgarian говедо (govedo, “cow, cattle”), Czech hovado (“cow, cattle”)), Old High German chuo (German Kuh, Dutch koe, English cow, Swedish ko, Icelandic kýr), Proto-Celtic *bow- (Old Irish bó, Irish bó, Scottish Gaelic bò, Middle Welsh bu) Latin bōs, bōvis (“ox, cattle”), dialectal vos (Italian bove, bue, French bœuf, Romanian bou, Spanish buey, Portuguese boi).

govju ferma

govju ēdināšana

cattle (bovines in general, syn. liellops)

piena govs

slaukt govis

govs stāv ciet, ir ciet

the cow stands, is closed (= does not give milk, before calving)


aste

aste (nominative singular)
astes (nominative plural)
astes (genitive singular)
astu (genitive plural)
astei (dative singular)
astēm (dative plural)
asti (accusative singular)
astes (accusative plural)
asti (instrumental singular)
astēm (instrumental plural)
astē (locative singular)
astēs (locative plural)
aste (singular vocative)
astes (plural vocative)

Originally an e-stem variant of an earlier i/n-stem *astis, from Proto-Baltic *asti- < *aš-sti-. Further, two possible Proto-Indo-European sources have been proposed: (a) *h₂eḱ-sti-, from *h₂eḱ- “sharp, pointy, edgy; stone” (whence also ass “sharp”, q.v.), with the meaning changes being “sharp, pointy (object)” > “stinger” > “tail”; and (b) *h₃ésth₁- (“bone”), in which case the semantic evolution would have been “bone” > “tail bone” > “tail” (cf. Icelandic rōfa (“dog's, cat's tail”) from Old Norse rófa (“bony part of a horse's tail”)). In the (a) case, cognates would include Lithuanian akstìs (“skewer, fish bone”) akštìs (“skewer, fish bone, awn”), Old Church Slavonic осътъ (osŭtŭ, “thorny water plant”), остъ (ostŭ, “awn, stinger, fish bone”), Russian ость (ostʹ), Czech osť, Polish ość, Russian осот (osot, “thorny plant”), Bulgarian о́сът (ósǎt), Czech, Polish oset. In the (b) case, cognates would include Hittite 𒄩𒀸𒋫𒄿, Sanskrit अस्थि (asthi), Ancient Greek ὀστέον (ostéon), Albanian asht, Tocharian B āsta, Latin os (and maybe also costa (“rib”)), and perhaps also all the (a) cognates, which some authors also derive from *h₃ésth₁-.

cog

zirga aste

suņa aste

vilka aste

gaiļa aste

pāva aste

kaķis pa to laiku bija izlavījies no pagalma un, izlējis asti, lēni gāja prom

the cat, meanwhile, had gotten out of the yard and, straightening (his) tail, slowly went away

kas sunim asti cels, ja pats necels

who is going to raise a dog's tail if not for the dog himself


lops

lops (nominative singular)
lopi (nominative plural)
lopa (genitive singular)
lopu (genitive plural)
lopam (dative singular)
lopiem (dative plural)
lopu (accusative singular)
lopus (accusative plural)
lopu (instrumental singular)
lopiem (instrumental plural)
lopā (locative singular)
lopos (locative plural)
lop (singular vocative)
lopi (plural vocative)

The origin of this word is unclear. Some derive it from Proto-Indo-European *leh₂p- (“cow”), but the only basis for this reconstruction is the Albanian cognate. Others consider it related to Gothic 𐌻𐌰𐌼𐌱 (lamb) (cf. German Lamm, English lamb), perhaps even a borrowing from a Germanic language. Yet others suggest that it comes from a putative Proto-Baltic *luop-, from Proto-Indo-European *leu- (“to cut off, to separate”) with an extra -p, with the meaning evolving from “cut off” > “to hide, to skin, to flay” (cf. Lithuanian lùpti (“to skin, to peel”)) > “hide, skin, fur, something made of fur” (cf. Hittite lupanni (“hat”)) > “animal body part” (cf. Old Church Slavonic лъбьнъ (lŭbĭnŭ), Serbo-Croatian lùbina (“skull”)) > “animal.” The initial meaning of lops, still found dialectally, was more restricted, covering only goats, sheep and maybe cows. In the 18th and 19th century, the meaning was extended to almost all animals (= dzīvnieks), and later again restricted to its current range. Cognates include Lithuanian lúopas, lúobas (“clumsy person or animal”), Albanian lopë (“cow”) (< *lāpā).

der

darba, piena, gaļas lopi

lopu kūts

apkopt lopus

lopus līdz četriem noturēja kūtī un tad nodzina tepat lejā Spilvas ganībās

he kept the animal until four (years of age) in the barn and then took them down here to the Spilva pastures

livestock, (farm) animal (e.g., cattle, sheep, goats, horses, pigs, poultry, etc.)


cūka

cūka (nominative singular)
cūkas (nominative plural)
cūkas (genitive singular)
cūku (genitive plural)
cūkai (dative singular)
cūkām (dative plural)
cūku (accusative singular)
cūkas (accusative plural)
cūku (instrumental singular)
cūkām (instrumental plural)
cūkā (locative singular)
cūkās (locative plural)
cūka (singular vocative)
cūkas (plural vocative)

From Proto-Baltic *kyaw-, *kyū-, from a palatalized version (perhaps by onomatopoeia, by imitating this animal's sound) of Proto-Indo-European *kew-, *kū- (“to howl, to shout; cf. kaukt “to howl””). A parallel, non-palatalized version is probably reflected in placenames like Kūkas, perhaps originally a region with many wild boars. An even further palatalized version (where *ky > *ḱ > *š > Latvian s) may have given rise to placenames like Sauka, or, with a different suffix, to placenames in -saule like Jaunsaule, perhaps even to Lithuanian Šiauliaĩ. A different (minoritary) theory derives čūka from an earlier *sūka, borrowed from Slavic (cf. Russian су́ка (súka)); another (minoritary) viewpoint connects cūka to imitative words used to call pigs, like Russian чух (čux)!, чух-чух (čux-čux)!, Belarusian, Ukrainian ацю! (acju!), Polish a ciu!, Latvian c̆uk-c̆uk!, Lithuanian čiùk-čiùk!, čiū́k-čiū́k! Cognates include Lithuanian dialectal čiūkà, kūkà, also čiūkùtis, kūkùtis (“piglet”), Russian dialectal чу́ха (čúxa), чухна́ (čuxná, “pig”).

mājas cūka

vaislas cūka

meža cūka

cūka kviec, rukšķ

cūku kūts, aizgalds

cūku šķirnes

cūku tauki

nobarot cūku

kaut cūku

cūkas gaļa, cūkgaļa

cūka viņu sagaidīja sīkiem rukšķiem

Sus scrofa domesticus
Wikispecies:Sus scrofa domesticus

cūka ar sivēniem


tabaka

tabaka (nominative singular)
tabakas (genitive singular)
tabakai (dative singular)
tabaku (accusative singular)
tabaku (instrumental singular)
tabakā (locative singular)
tabaka (singular vocative)

Via other European languages, ultimately borrowed from Spanish tabaco, itself borrowed from a Taíno (Arawakan) word meaning either “roll of tobacco leaves” or “pipe for smoking tobacco,” but apparently also merged with a pre-existing borrowing from Arabic طَبَاق (ṭabāq, “a type of medicinal herb”), found in the early 15th century as the name of various herbs.

tabakas audzēšana

tabakas šķirne

tabakas lapas satur nikotīnu, kas ir stipra sirds inde un pamazām atstāj graujošu ietekmi uz cilvēka asinsvadu sistēmu un nerviem

tobacco leaves contain nicotine, which is a strong heart poison and has gradual destructive influence on a person's circulatory and nervous systems

Nicotiana tabacum
Nicotiana tabacum#Translingual

tobacco (several plants of the genus Nicotiana, especially Nicotiana tabacum and related species, with leaves used for smoking or chewing)


zirgs

zirgs (nominative singular)
zirgi (nominative plural)
zirga (genitive singular)
zirgu (genitive plural)
zirgam (dative singular)
zirgiem (dative plural)
zirgu (accusative singular)
zirgus (accusative plural)
zirgu (instrumental singular)
zirgiem (instrumental plural)
zirgā (locative singular)
zirgos (locative plural)
zirg (singular vocative)
zirgi (plural vocative)

From Proto-Baltic *źirˀgás. Cognates include Lithuanian žìrgas (“good, beautiful horse; steed”), Old Prussian sirgis ([zirgis], “stallion”), Sudovian zirgo (“horse”).

cog

šķirnes zirgs

darba zirgs

sacīkšu zirgs

neiebraukts zirgs

braukt ar zirgu

zirgs rikšo, auļo

zirgs zviedz

apkalt zirgu

dzirdīt zirgus pie akas

jūgt zirgu arklā

strādā kā zirgs

Equus caballus
Equus caballus#Translingual

horse (esp. Equus caballus; generic word)


pīle

pīle (nominative singular)
pīles (nominative plural)
pīles (genitive singular)
pīļu (genitive plural)
pīlei (dative singular)
pīlēm (dative plural)
pīli (accusative singular)
pīles (accusative plural)
pīli (instrumental singular)
pīlēm (instrumental plural)
pīlē (locative singular)
pīlēs (locative plural)
pīle (singular vocative)
pīles (plural vocative)

Of onomatopoeic (imitative) origin, as is the case with several other Indo-European bird names, all from Proto-Indo-European onomatopoeic *pī- (reduplicated form *pīp-): Samogitian pīlė (“duck”), Bulgarian пи́ле (píle, “chick, young bird”), Serbo-Croatian pȉle (“chick”), Slovene pípa (“chicken”), Ancient Greek πῑ́πος (pī́pos, “young bird”). The Latvian term, originally probably a dialectal colloquialism, has apparently replaced an earlier Proto-Baltic *antis; compare Lithuanian ántis (“duck”).

mājas pīle

meža pīle

pīļu mātīte

pīļu olas

pīļu ligzdošanas vietas

pīļu audzētava

pīles cepetis


kaza

kaza (nominative singular)
kazas (nominative plural)
kazas (genitive singular)
kazu (genitive plural)
kazai (dative singular)
kazām (dative plural)
kazu (accusative singular)
kazas (accusative plural)
kazu (instrumental singular)
kazām (instrumental plural)
kazā (locative singular)
kazās (locative plural)
kaza (singular vocative)
kazas (plural vocative)

Apparently borrowed from Russian коза́ (kozá): note that the words for “male goat” and “female goat” in Latvian are non-cognate (āzis and kaza), unlike other Baltic languages (Lithuanian ožỹs, ožkà; Old Prussian wosux ([vōzuks]), wosee ([vōzē])), which suggests that an earlier Latvian term, perhaps *āze (apparently present in place names like Āzes), was replaced by the borrowed kaza.

mājas kazas

kalnu kazas

kazu vilna

kazas bārda

Capra aegagrus hircus
Capra aegagrus hircus#Translingual

kazu piens

kazu siers

slaukt kazu


zvirbulis

zvirbulis (nominative singular)
zvirbuļi (nominative plural)
zvirbuļa (genitive singular)
zvirbuļu (genitive plural)
zvirbulim (dative singular)
zvirbuļiem (dative plural)
zvirbuli (accusative singular)
zvirbuļus (accusative plural)
zvirbuli (instrumental singular)
zvirbuļiem (instrumental plural)
zvirbulī (locative singular)
zvirbuļos (locative plural)
zvirbuli (singular vocative)
zvirbuļi (plural vocative)

From Proto-Indo-European *werb-, *werp- ( + -ulis; compare also vērpt (“to spin”)), from *wer- (“to turn, to twist, to bend”) (with an extra suffix -p, -b). The original meaning was a bird that turns and moves all the time. The initial z is either from an s-mobile, or the influence of some other term for this bird species (e.g., dialectal žīgurs, žvīgurs, žvingurs, apparently from the same stem as zviegt (“to neigh, to whinny”), q.v.). Cognates include Lithuanian žvìrblis, Old Church Slavonic врабии (vrabii), Russian воробе́й (vorobéj), Bulgarian врабе́ц (vrabéc), Czech vrabec, Polish wróbel.

mājas zvirbulis

sparrow (a number of bird species of the order Passeriformes, genus Passer)


lauva

lv-noun

lauva m or f (4th declension, irregular gender, dative singular)

gender (irregular)
lauva (nominative singular)
lauvas (nominative plural)
lauvas (genitive singular)
lauvu (genitive plural)
lauvam (dative singular)
lauvai (dative singular)
lauvām (dative plural)
lauvu (accusative singular)
lauvas (accusative plural)
lauvu (instrumental singular)
lauvām (instrumental plural)
lauvā (locative singular)
lauvās (locative plural)
lauva (singular vocative)
lauvas (plural vocative)

→ Livonian: louv

Borrowed from Middle High German louwe (cf. German Löwe), from Proto-Germanic *laujan, a borrowing from Latin leō. It has been suggested, on the basis of Lithuanian liū̃tas (“lion”), Russian лю́тый зверь (ljútyj zverʹ, “beast, lion”), that there was an earlier Slavo-Balto-Germanic term with the root *liu-; if so, this term was lost very early on in Latvian, replaced by the Middle High German borrowing. First mentioned (as lavis, lauve) in 17th-century Bible translations. A family name Louvis is attested from the 16th century.

cog

лю́тый зверь


avs

avs (nominative singular)
avis (nominative plural)
avs (genitive singular)
avju (genitive plural)
avij (dative singular)
avīm (dative plural)
avi (accusative singular)
avis (accusative plural)
avi (instrumental singular)
avīm (instrumental plural)
avī (locative singular)
avīs (locative plural)
avs (singular vocative)
avis (plural vocative)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *áwis, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ówis.

avju gans

avs piens

(dated) ewe (female sheep; also generic term)


auns

auns (nominative singular)
auni (nominative plural)
auna (genitive singular)
aunu (genitive plural)
aunam (dative singular)
auniem (dative plural)
aunu (accusative singular)
aunus (accusative plural)
aunu (instrumental singular)
auniem (instrumental plural)
aunā (locative singular)
aunos (locative plural)
aun (singular vocative)
auni (plural vocative)

From Proto-Baltic *awinas, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃éwis (“sheep, ram”). Cognates include Lithuanian ãvinas, Old Prussian awins, Old Church Slavonic овьнъ (ovĭnŭ), Russian ове́н (ovén). These terms are formed from *h₃éwi-, originally a term for sheep in general (possibly derived from *ew-, *Hew- (“to dress”), i.e. “(animal) dressed (in wool)”), with a suffix *-in to distinguish male sheep. Other terms derived from *h₃éwi- include Old Church Slavonic овьца (ovĭca), Russian, Bulgarian овца (ovca), Belarusian аўца́ (aŭcá), аве́чка (avjéčka), Ukrainian вівца́ (vivcá), Czech ovce, Slovak ovca, Polish owca (“ewe”), Gothic 𐌰𐍅𐌴𐌸𐌹 (awēþi, “herd of sheep”), Old High German ouwi, ou (“ewe”) (< *awī), Hittite ẖawi-, Sanskrit अविः (áviḥ), Ancient Greek οἶς (oîs), Latin ovis.

der

ragains auns

atšķirt, nošķirt aunus no avīm

to distinguish the rams from the ewes (i.e., the good from the bad, the innocent from the guilty)


bullis

bullis (nominative singular)
buļļi (nominative plural)
buļļa (genitive singular)
buļļu (genitive plural)
bullim (dative singular)
buļļiem (dative plural)
bulli (accusative singular)
buļļus (accusative plural)
bulli (instrumental singular)
buļļiem (instrumental plural)
bullī (locative singular)
buļļos (locative plural)
bulli (singular vocative)
buļļi (plural vocative)

tīršķirnes bullis

vaislas bullis

nikns kā bullis

very angry (literally, “fierce, wild as a bull,”)


kuce

kuce (nominative singular)
kuces (nominative plural)
kuces (genitive singular)
kuču (genitive plural)
kucei (dative singular)
kucēm (dative plural)
kuci (accusative singular)
kuces (accusative plural)
kuci (instrumental singular)
kucēm (instrumental plural)
kucē (locative singular)
kucēs (locative plural)
kuce (singular vocative)
kuces (plural vocative)

mums ir ļoti gudra kuce

kuce ar kucēniem

grūsna kuce


trusis

trusis (nominative singular)
truši (nominative plural)
truša (genitive singular)
trušu (genitive plural)
trusim (dative singular)
trušiem (dative plural)
trusi (accusative singular)
trušus (accusative plural)
trusi (instrumental singular)
trušiem (instrumental plural)
trusī (locative singular)
trušos (locative plural)
trusi (singular vocative)
truši (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Belarusian трусь (trusʹ), or perhaps from Polish truś. This word is first mentioned in 17th-century dictionaries as truš, trušs, later (18th–19th centuries) in competition with other borrowings (kraliņš from Russian кролик (krolik) or kaninķenis, kaninķins from German Kaninchen). In the 19th century, the most frequent forms were trusis and trušis, also truše; only in the 20th century did the current form become dominant.

mājas trusis

savvaļas trusis

trušu vila

trušu āda

Oryctolagus cuniculus
Oryctolagus cuniculus#Translingual


aploks

aploks (nominative singular)
aploki (nominative plural)
aploka (genitive singular)
aploku (genitive plural)
aplokam (dative singular)
aplokiem (dative plural)
aploku (accusative singular)
aplokus (accusative plural)
aploku (instrumental singular)
aplokiem (instrumental plural)
aplokā (locative singular)
aplokos (locative plural)
aplok (singular vocative)
aploki (plural vocative)

cūku aploks

teļu aploks

turēt govis aplokā

viņa katru rītu paganīja lopus un zirgu uz papuves un tade sadzina aplokā

every morning she took the (farm) animals and the horse to the fallow to graze and then brought them (back) to the corral

enclosure for farm animals to live or to graze, corral, pen, paddock, enclosed pasture


gailis

gailis (nominative singular)
gaiļi (nominative plural)
gaiļa (genitive singular)
gaiļu (genitive plural)
gailim (dative singular)
gaiļiem (dative plural)
gaili (accusative singular)
gaiļus (accusative plural)
gaili (instrumental singular)
gaiļiem (instrumental plural)
gailī (locative singular)
gaiļos (locative plural)
gaili (singular vocative)
gaiļi (plural vocative)

From *gal-n-o, enlargement of *gl̥H-o, zero-grade of Proto-Indo-European *golH-so.
Cognates include Welsh galw (“call”), English call, Lithuanian gal̃sas (“echo”), Russian го́лос (gólos, “voice”), Polish głos (“voice”), Albanian gjuhë (“voice”)).

lielīgs kā gailis

gaiļa gadi

rooster, cock (male domestic fowl, especially Gallus gallus)


vērsis

vērsis (nominative singular)
vērši (nominative plural)
vērša (genitive singular)
vēršu (genitive plural)
vērsim (dative singular)
vēršiem (dative plural)
vērsi (accusative singular)
vēršus (accusative plural)
vērsi (instrumental singular)
vēršiem (instrumental plural)
vērsī (locative singular)
vēršos (locative plural)
vērsi (singular vocative)
vērši (plural vocative)

From Proto-Indo-European *wers-, *wr̥s- (“male”). Cognates include Lithuanian ver̃šis (“calf; (dialectal) ox”), Old Prussian werstian (“calf”) (maybe *wersistian?), Sanskrit वृष (vṛṣa, “bull; male”), वृषन् (vṛṣan, “man; stallion, ox”), Avestan 𐬬𐬀𐬭𐬱𐬥𐬌 (varšni, “ram”), Latin verrēs (“boar”).

cog

darba vērsis

vēršu pajūgs

vērša gaļa

vēršu cīņas

ox (male cattle, usually castrated, often used as a beast of burden)


ģimene

ģimene (nominative singular)
ģimenes (nominative plural)
ģimenes (genitive singular)
ģimeņu (genitive plural)
ģimenei (dative singular)
ģimenēm (dative plural)
ģimeni (accusative singular)
ģimenes (accusative plural)
ģimeni (instrumental singular)
ģimenēm (instrumental plural)
ģimenē (locative singular)
ģimenēs (locative plural)
ģimene (singular vocative)
ģimenes (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Lithuanian giminė̃ (“family; kin; genus; gender”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gʷem-, the same root as the verb dzimt (“to be born”) (q.v.); cf. also Sudovian gimna (“family; uncles, their wives”). This borrowing is first attested in writings in the 1870s, with a broader range of meanings (“family, kin, generation, sex, gender”); the current meaning of “family” stabilized at the beginning of the 20th century. In the 1870s, Juris Alunāns attempted to correct it to dzimene (which would be the regular development if the word had not been borrowed), but this form never became popular. It replaced the previous borrowing famīlija (from German Familie).

cog

daudzbērnu ģimene

strādnieku ģimene

zemnieku ģimene

mazas ģimenes

saskanīga ģimenes dzīve

ģimenes stāvoklis

ģimenes budžets

ģimenes galva

head of the family (= the family's breadwinner)

ģimenes māja

ģimenes cilvēks

married (lit. family) person, (usually a man)

ģimenes tiesības

family law (legislation concerning marriage, kinship, adoption, etc.)

mūsu ģimene ir liela: tētis, māmiņa un septiņi bērni

our family is big: father, mother and seven children

A. Upīts romānā “Jauni Avoti”, tēlojot konfliktus starp Robežnieku ģimenes locekļiem, atspoguļo tam laikam raksturīgos konfliktus patriarhālās ģimenes iziruma apstākļos

A. Upīts depicting in (his) novel “New Sources” the conflicts between the members of the Robežnieks family also portrayed the conflicts, typical of those times, in the process of disintegration of the patriarchal family

family (group formed by a couple and their children (if any) living together; larger group of relatives living together)

šodien pārrunā sevišķi aktuālas tēmas: aminoskābju palielināšana cūkgaļā, līniju un ģimeņu analīzes un citas svarīgas problemas

today (they) discussed especially current issues: the increase of aminoacids in pork, the analysis of lines (= lineages) and families, and other important problems

(livestock) a group of female animals descended from one breeder

stārķu ģimene

mežacūku ģimene

tas, ko parasti uzskata par vilku baru, īstenībā ir viena vilku ģimene: veco vilku pāris un viņu šā gada un pērnie vilcēni, kas ziemas sākumā sanāk kopā

that which one usually considers a pack of wolves is actually a family of wolves: an old wolf couple and their wolflings of this year and of the previous year, who get together at the beginning of winter

(zoology) family (a group of animals consisting of a male, a female and their offspring, living and eating together)


zaķis

zaķis (nominative singular)
zaķi (nominative plural)
zaķa (genitive singular)
zaķu (genitive plural)
zaķim (dative singular)
zaķiem (dative plural)
zaķi (accusative singular)
zaķus (accusative plural)
zaķi (instrumental singular)
zaķiem (instrumental plural)
zaķī (locative singular)
zaķos (locative plural)
zaķi (singular vocative)
zaķi (plural vocative)

The origin of this word is unclear. Traditionally, it is explained as a borrowing from Belarusian dialectal за́йка (zájka), reshaped under the influence of kaķis (“cat”), but the similar Sudovian cognate makes this explanation dubious. It is difficult also to make it compatible with the Lithuanian and Slavic cognates. For the Slavic terms, there are various opinions, generally leading up to the Proto-Indo-European stem *ǵʰey- (“to drive, to exhort, to move quickly”). It is possible that the root of all those forms may be some pre-Indo-European word (*ǵa-, *ǵay-, *ǵuy-) to which Indo-European suffixes were attached. Cognates include Lithuanian dialectal zuĩkis, Sudovian zags, Old Church Slavonic заѩць (zajęcĭ), Russian, Belarusian за́яц (zájac), Ukrainian за́єць (zájecʹ), Czech zajíc, Polish zając.

pelēkais, baltais zaķis

bailīgs kā zaķis

nobijies kā zaķis

Lieldienu zaķis

Lepus europaeus
Lepus europaeus#Translingual


teļš

teļš (nominative singular)
teļi (nominative plural)
teļa (genitive singular)
teļu (genitive plural)
teļam (dative singular)
teļiem (dative plural)
teļu (accusative singular)
teļus (accusative plural)
teļu (instrumental singular)
teļiem (instrumental plural)
teļā (locative singular)
teļos (locative plural)
teļ (singular vocative)
teļi (plural vocative)

audzēt teļus

teļa gaļa

piena teļš

milk calf, calf raised on (mostly or only) milk


telēns

telēns (nominative singular)
telēni (nominative plural)
telēna (genitive singular)
telēnu (genitive plural)
telēnam (dative singular)
telēniem (dative plural)
telēnu (accusative singular)
telēnus (accusative plural)
telēnu (instrumental singular)
telēniem (instrumental plural)
telēnā (locative singular)
telēnos (locative plural)
telēn (singular vocative)
telēni (plural vocative)


liellops

liellops (nominative singular)
liellopi (nominative plural)
liellopa (genitive singular)
liellopu (genitive plural)
liellopam (dative singular)
liellopiem (dative plural)
liellopu (accusative singular)
liellopus (accusative plural)
liellopu (instrumental singular)
liellopiem (instrumental plural)
liellopā (locative singular)
liellopos (locative plural)
liellop (singular vocative)
liellopi (plural vocative)

From liels (“big”) + lops (“farm animal”).

liellopu gaļa

liellopu tauki

līdzās piena ražošanai mūsu saimniecība nodarbojas ar liellopu audzēšanu gaļai

in addition to milk production, our farm also deals with cattle raising for meat


ļipa

ļipa (nominative singular)
ļipas (nominative plural)
ļipas (genitive singular)
ļipu (genitive plural)
ļipai (dative singular)
ļipām (dative plural)
ļipu (accusative singular)
ļipas (accusative plural)
ļipu (instrumental singular)
ļipām (instrumental plural)
ļipā (locative singular)
ļipās (locative plural)
ļipa (singular vocative)
ļipas (plural vocative)

Borrowed either from Livonian lip (“weather vane, sheep tail”) or from Estonian lipp, both from Proto-Finnic *lippu.

bor

zaķa ļipa

aitas ļipa

kazas ļipa


āzis

āzis (nominative singular)
āži (nominative plural)
āža (genitive singular)
āžu (genitive plural)
āzim (dative singular)
āžiem (dative plural)
āzi (accusative singular)
āžus (accusative plural)
āzi (instrumental singular)
āžiem (instrumental plural)
āzī (locative singular)
āžos (locative plural)
āzi (singular vocative)
āži (plural vocative)

From Proto-Baltic *āž-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂e(y)ǵ- (“goat”). Cognates include Lithuanian ožỹs, Old Prussian wosux (/vōzuks/), Proto-Slavic *azь (Russian язь (jazʹ) “ide (fish)” < “goat”), Sanskrit अज (ajá), Albanian dhi (< *a-dhi), Old Armenian այծ (ayc).

āža bārda, bārdiņa

tiepīgs kā āzis


kazlēns

kazlēns (nominative singular)
kazlēni (nominative plural)
kazlēna (genitive singular)
kazlēnu (genitive plural)
kazlēnam (dative singular)
kazlēniem (dative plural)
kazlēnu (accusative singular)
kazlēnus (accusative plural)
kazlēnu (instrumental singular)
kazlēniem (instrumental plural)
kazlēnā (locative singular)
kazlēnos (locative plural)
kazlēn (singular vocative)
kazlēni (plural vocative)

Apparently from kaza (“goat”) + -ēns, but the l is unexplained. But Russian козёл (kozjól, “male goat”), with an extra l, suggests an unattested word for 'male goat' (different from āzis) as the source.

kazai piedzimuši divi kazlēni


teķis

teķis (nominative singular)
teķi (nominative plural)
teķa (genitive singular)
teķu (genitive plural)
teķim (dative singular)
teķiem (dative plural)
teķi (accusative singular)
teķus (accusative plural)
teķi (instrumental singular)
teķiem (instrumental plural)
teķī (locative singular)
teķos (locative plural)
teķi (singular vocative)
teķi (plural vocative)

vaislas teķis

male sheep, ram (especially one not castrated, used for reproduction).


jērs

jērs (nominative singular)
jēri (nominative plural)
jēra (genitive singular)
jēru (genitive plural)
jēram (dative singular)
jēriem (dative plural)
jēru (accusative singular)
jērus (accusative plural)
jēru (instrumental singular)
jēriem (instrumental plural)
jērā (locative singular)
jēros (locative plural)
jēr (singular vocative)
jēri (plural vocative)

Cognate with Lithuanian ėras, Lithuanian ėriukas (“lamb”), and likely also with Latin aries (“ram”), Ancient Greek ἔριφος (ériphos, “goat kid”).

cog

jēra gaļa

lēns kā jērs


ķēve

ķēve (nominative singular)
ķēves (nominative plural)
ķēves (genitive singular)
ķēvju (genitive plural)
ķēvei (dative singular)
ķēvēm (dative plural)
ķēvi (accusative singular)
ķēves (accusative plural)
ķēvi (instrumental singular)
ķēvēm (instrumental plural)
ķēvē (locative singular)
ķēvēs (locative plural)
ķēve (singular vocative)
ķēves (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Livonian kēv (“mare”), from Proto-Finnic *keevi (cognate with Proto-Samic *kievë (“reindeer cow”)).

ķēves piens

iebērt ķēvei auzas


mātīte

mātīte (nominative singular)
mātītes (nominative plural)
mātītes (genitive singular)
mātīšu (genitive plural)
mātītei (dative singular)
mātītēm (dative plural)
mātīti (accusative singular)
mātītes (accusative plural)
mātīti (instrumental singular)
mātītēm (instrumental plural)
mātītē (locative singular)
mātītēs (locative plural)
mātīte (singular vocative)
mātītes (plural vocative)

zosu mātīte

pīļu mātīte

zaķu mātīte

vaislas mātītes


kuilis

kuilis (nominative singular)
kuiļi (nominative plural)
kuiļa (genitive singular)
kuiļu (genitive plural)
kuilim (dative singular)
kuiļiem (dative plural)
kuili (accusative singular)
kuiļus (accusative plural)
kuili (instrumental singular)
kuiļiem (instrumental plural)
kuilī (locative singular)
kuiļos (locative plural)
kuili (singular vocative)
kuiļi (plural vocative)

meža kuilis

kuiļa gaļa


sivēns

sivēns (nominative singular)
sivēni (nominative plural)
sivēna (genitive singular)
sivēnu (genitive plural)
sivēnam (dative singular)
sivēniem (dative plural)
sivēnu (accusative singular)
sivēnus (accusative plural)
sivēnu (instrumental singular)
sivēniem (instrumental plural)
sivēnā (locative singular)
sivēnos (locative plural)
sivēn (singular vocative)
sivēni (plural vocative)

Apparently derived with -ēns from a no longer extant noun stem, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *suH-. Compare Russian свинья́ (svinʹjá), English swine.


runcis

runcis (nominative singular)
runči (nominative plural)
runča (genitive singular)
runču (genitive plural)
runcim (dative singular)
runčiem (dative plural)
runci (accusative singular)
runčus (accusative plural)
runci (instrumental singular)
runčiem (instrumental plural)
runcī (locative singular)
runčos (locative plural)
runci (singular vocative)
runči (plural vocative)

The origin of this word is unclear. It is possibly derived from Proto-Indo-European *rew-, *rū-, *ru- (“to run, to rush”), via a previous adjective *runs, *rūns, on the model of brūns (“brown”), bruncis (“brown, bay horse”) (a variant of brūnis). Others have suggested that runcis is related to runa (“talk”); yet others, to rūkt (“to growl; to roar”).

kad runča nav mājās, tad peles virs galda lēkā

when the tomcat is not home, the mice jump over the table


kaķene

kaķene (nominative singular)
kaķenes (nominative plural)
kaķenes (genitive singular)
kaķeņu (genitive plural)
kaķenei (dative singular)
kaķenēm (dative plural)
kaķeni (accusative singular)
kaķenes (accusative plural)
kaķeni (instrumental singular)
kaķenēm (instrumental plural)
kaķenē (locative singular)
kaķenēs (locative plural)
kaķene (singular vocative)
kaķenes (plural vocative)

medīga kaķene


kaķe

kaķe (nominative singular)
kaķes (nominative plural)
kaķes (genitive singular)
kaķu (genitive plural)
kaķei (dative singular)
kaķēm (dative plural)
kaķi (accusative singular)
kaķes (accusative plural)
kaķi (instrumental singular)
kaķēm (instrumental plural)
kaķē (locative singular)
kaķēs (locative plural)
kaķe (singular vocative)
kaķes (plural vocative)

female cat, she-cat (a less frequent synonym of kaķene)


lauvene

lauvene (nominative singular)
lauvenes (nominative plural)
lauvenes (genitive singular)
lauveņu (genitive plural)
lauvenei (dative singular)
lauvenēm (dative plural)
lauveni (accusative singular)
lauvenes (accusative plural)
lauveni (instrumental singular)
lauvenēm (instrumental plural)
lauvenē (locative singular)
lauvenēs (locative plural)
lauvene (singular vocative)
lauvenes (plural vocative)

lauvene ar lauvēniem


lācene

lācene (nominative singular)
lācenes (nominative plural)
lācenes (genitive singular)
lāceņu (genitive plural)
lācenei (dative singular)
lācenēm (dative plural)
lāceni (accusative singular)
lācenes (accusative plural)
lāceni (instrumental singular)
lācenēm (instrumental plural)
lācenē (locative singular)
lācenēs (locative plural)
lācene (singular vocative)
lācenes (plural vocative)

lācene ar lācēniem


trusene

trusene (nominative singular)
trusenes (nominative plural)
trusenes (genitive singular)
truseņu (genitive plural)
trusenei (dative singular)
trusenēm (dative plural)
truseni (accusative singular)
trusenes (accusative plural)
truseni (instrumental singular)
trusenēm (instrumental plural)
trusenē (locative singular)
trusenēs (locative plural)
trusene (singular vocative)
trusenes (plural vocative)

trusene ar trusēniem


vilcene

vilcene (nominative singular)
vilcenes (nominative plural)
vilcenes (genitive singular)
vilceņu (genitive plural)
vilcenei (dative singular)
vilcenēm (dative plural)
vilceni (accusative singular)
vilcenes (accusative plural)
vilceni (instrumental singular)
vilcenēm (instrumental plural)
vilcenē (locative singular)
vilcenēs (locative plural)
vilcene (singular vocative)
vilcenes (plural vocative)

From vilks (“wolf”) + -ene (with k > c via palatalization).

tūlīt izlēca vilcene

vilcene ar vilcēniem


pakavs

pakavs (nominative singular)
pakavi (nominative plural)
pakava (genitive singular)
pakavu (genitive plural)
pakavam (dative singular)
pakaviem (dative plural)
pakavu (accusative singular)
pakavus (accusative plural)
pakavu (instrumental singular)
pakaviem (instrumental plural)
pakavā (locative singular)
pakavos (locative plural)
pakav (singular vocative)
pakavi (plural vocative)

Traditionally considered a borrowing from Russian подко́ва (podkóva), first mentioned (as pakava in 17th-century dictionaries. It is also possible, however, that the word may have been a recent native derivation, from the verb kaut, past tense kavu, in the sense “to hit, to beat,” occasionally used (instead of kalt) in folk songs to mean “to shoe (a horse).”

pakavu naglas

laimes pakavs

piesist pakavu

apkalt zirgu ar jauniem pakavirem

horseshoe (U-shaped metal object used to protect a horse's hooves)


ērzelis

ērzelis (nominative singular)
ērzeļi (nominative plural)
ērzeļa (genitive singular)
ērzeļu (genitive plural)
ērzelim (dative singular)
ērzeļiem (dative plural)
ērzeli (accusative singular)
ērzeļus (accusative plural)
ērzeli (instrumental singular)
ērzeļiem (instrumental plural)
ērzelī (locative singular)
ērzeļos (locative plural)
ērzeli (singular vocative)
ērzeļi (plural vocative)

vaislas ērzelis

nemierīgs ērzelis

uncastrated male horse, stallion (esp. for reproduction)


kumeļš

kumeļš (nominative singular)
kumeļi (nominative plural)
kumeļa (genitive singular)
kumeļu (genitive plural)
kumeļam (dative singular)
kumeļiem (dative plural)
kumeļu (accusative singular)
kumeļus (accusative plural)
kumeļu (instrumental singular)
kumeļiem (instrumental plural)
kumeļā (locative singular)
kumeļos (locative plural)
kumeļ (singular vocative)
kumeļi (plural vocative)

kumeļu ēdināšana

ēzeļa kumeļš

kumeļa gadi

ķēve nolieca galvu pie kumeļa

baby or young horse (or other equid), foal, colt


ēzeļmāte

ēzeļmāte (nominative singular)
ēzeļmātes (nominative plural)
ēzeļmātes (genitive singular)
ēzeļmāšu (genitive plural)
ēzeļmātei (dative singular)
ēzeļmātēm (dative plural)
ēzeļmāti (accusative singular)
ēzeļmātes (accusative plural)
ēzeļmāti (instrumental singular)
ēzeļmātēm (instrumental plural)
ēzeļmātē (locative singular)
ēzeļmātēs (locative plural)
ēzeļmāte (singular vocative)
ēzeļmātes (plural vocative)

From ēzeļa (“donkey[gen.]”) + māte (“mother”).

compound

ēzeļmātēm grūsnības periods ilgst 13 mēnešus

a female donkey's pregnancy lasts 13 months

female donkey (esp. one that has given birth)


tēviņš

tēviņš (nominative singular)
tēviņi (nominative plural)
tēviņa (genitive singular)
tēviņu (genitive plural)
tēviņam (dative singular)
tēviņiem (dative plural)
tēviņu (accusative singular)
tēviņus (accusative plural)
tēviņu (instrumental singular)
tēviņiem (instrumental plural)
tēviņā (locative singular)
tēviņos (locative plural)
tēviņ (singular vocative)
tēviņi (plural vocative)

From tēvs (“father”) + -iņš (“dim.”). At first a diminutive of “father” (uses as a term of endearment are attested in older texts); now only tētiņš can be used in this sense.

aitu tēviņš

pīļu tēviņš

bišu tēviņi

atšķirības starp tēviņiem un mātītēm

rupjš tēviņš

tu tur, tēviņ, beidz ālēties!

(chiefly in the singular) a human male, a man


cālis

cālis (nominative singular)
cāļi (nominative plural)
cāļa (genitive singular)
cāļu (genitive plural)
cālim (dative singular)
cāļiem (dative plural)
cāli (accusative singular)
cāļus (accusative plural)
cāli (instrumental singular)
cāļiem (instrumental plural)
cālī (locative singular)
cāļos (locative plural)
cāli (singular vocative)
cāļi (plural vocative)

balts cālis

perēt cālus

vista ar cāļiem

zosu cāļi

cāļi jau izšķīlušies

chick (baby or young bird, especially chicken)


gailēns

gailēns (nominative singular)
gailēni (nominative plural)
gailēna (genitive singular)
gailēnu (genitive plural)
gailēnam (dative singular)
gailēniem (dative plural)
gailēnu (accusative singular)
gailēnus (accusative plural)
gailēnu (instrumental singular)
gailēniem (instrumental plural)
gailēnā (locative singular)
gailēnos (locative plural)
gailēn (singular vocative)
gailēni (plural vocative)


pīlēns

pīlēns (nominative singular)
pīlēni (nominative plural)
pīlēna (genitive singular)
pīlēnu (genitive plural)
pīlēnam (dative singular)
pīlēniem (dative plural)
pīlēnu (accusative singular)
pīlēnus (accusative plural)
pīlēnu (instrumental singular)
pīlēniem (instrumental plural)
pīlēnā (locative singular)
pīlēnos (locative plural)
pīlēn (singular vocative)
pīlēni (plural vocative)

pūkains pīlēns

izšķīlies pīlēns


strazdiene

strazdiene (nominative singular)
strazdienes (nominative plural)
strazdienes (genitive singular)
strazdieņu (genitive plural)
strazdienei (dative singular)
strazdienēm (dative plural)
strazdieni (accusative singular)
strazdienes (accusative plural)
strazdieni (instrumental singular)
strazdienēm (instrumental plural)
strazdienē (locative singular)
strazdienēs (locative plural)
strazdiene (singular vocative)
strazdienes (plural vocative)

From strazds (“starling”) + -ene (“fem.”).

kā atšķirt strazdu no strazdienes

how to distinguish a male from a female starling

female starling, thrush (passerine bird species)


ķerra

ķerra (nominative singular)
ķerras (nominative plural)
ķerras (genitive singular)
ķerru (genitive plural)
ķerrai (dative singular)
ķerrām (dative plural)
ķerru (accusative singular)
ķerras (accusative plural)
ķerru (instrumental singular)
ķerrām (instrumental plural)
ķerrā (locative singular)
ķerrās (locative plural)
ķerra (singular vocative)
ķerras (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Middle Dutch kerre (“cart, wheelbarrow”), or from Swedish kärra (“cart, wheelbarrow”), both of which are also borrowings from Latin carrus (“waggon”). The word is first mentioned in 18th-century dictionaries as kerre; the form ķerra appears in the 19th century, probably in dialects that took the Swedish form (ending in a).

bor

novembra sākumā ķerras no mūsu ūdeņiem nozūd

in the beginning of November the greater scaups disappear from our waters

Aythya marila
Aythya marila#Translingual

greater scaup (diving duck, especially Aythya marila)


tīģeris

tīģeris (nominative singular)
tīģeri (nominative plural)
tīģera (genitive singular)
tīģeru (genitive plural)
tīģerim (dative singular)
tīģeriem (dative plural)
tīģeri (accusative singular)
tīģerus (accusative plural)
tīģeri (instrumental singular)
tīģeriem (instrumental plural)
tīģerī (locative singular)
tīģeros (locative plural)
tīģeri (singular vocative)
tīģeri (plural vocative)

Via other European languages, ultimately borrowed from Latin tigris, itself borrowed from Ancient Greek τίγρις (tígris), possibly from Iranian.

tīģeru medības

tīģera āda

Bengālijas tīģeri

Panthera tigris
Panthera tigris#Translingual

(male, or generic) tiger (large striped wild cat, native to Asia; Panthera tigris)


tīģeriene

tīģeriene (nominative singular)
tīģerienes (nominative plural)
tīģerienes (genitive singular)
tīģerieņu (genitive plural)
tīģerienei (dative singular)
tīģerienēm (dative plural)
tīģerieni (accusative singular)
tīģerienes (accusative plural)
tīģerieni (instrumental singular)
tīģerienēm (instrumental plural)
tīģerienē (locative singular)
tīģerienēs (locative plural)
tīģeriene (singular vocative)
tīģerienes (plural vocative)

tīģeriene ir tīģeru matīte

tīģeriene ir bīstama cilvēkiem


taurs

taurs (nominative singular)
tauri (nominative plural)
taura (genitive singular)
tauru (genitive plural)
tauram (dative singular)
tauriem (dative plural)
tauru (accusative singular)
taurus (accusative plural)
tauru (instrumental singular)
tauriem (instrumental plural)
taurā (locative singular)
tauros (locative plural)
taur (singular vocative)
tauri (plural vocative)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *taurás, from Proto-Indo-European *táwros.

vietvārdi pierāda, ka mūsu mežos kādreiz mituši tauri

placenames show that there once lived aurochs in our forests

aurochs (Bos primigenitus, the extinct ancestor of domestic cattle)


bēris

bēris (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
bēruši (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
bērusi (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
bērušas (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
bēruša (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
bērušu (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
bērušas (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
bērušu (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
bērušam (dative indefinite masculine singular)
bērušiem (dative indefinite masculine plural)
bērušai (dative feminine indefinite singular)
bērušām (dative feminine indefinite plural)
bērušu (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
bērušus (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
bērušu (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
bērušas (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
bērušu (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
bērušiem (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
bērušu (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
bērušām (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
bērušā (indefinite locative masculine singular)
bērušos (indefinite locative masculine plural)
bērušā (feminine indefinite locative singular)
bērušās (feminine indefinite locative plural)

From bērs (“brown”), made into a 2nd-declension masculine noun.

having pour, having strew; indefinite past active participle of bērt


brūnis

brūnis (nominative singular)
brūņi (nominative plural)
brūņa (genitive singular)
brūņu (genitive plural)
brūnim (dative singular)
brūņiem (dative plural)
brūni (accusative singular)
brūņus (accusative plural)
brūni (instrumental singular)
brūņiem (instrumental plural)
brūnī (locative singular)
brūņos (locative plural)
brūni (singular vocative)
brūņi (plural vocative)

From brūns (“brown”), made into a 2nd-declension masculine noun.

iejūgt brūni

viņš redzēja divus brūņus


zoslēns

zoslēns (nominative singular)
zoslēni (nominative plural)
zoslēna (genitive singular)
zoslēnu (genitive plural)
zoslēnam (dative singular)
zoslēniem (dative plural)
zoslēnu (accusative singular)
zoslēnus (accusative plural)
zoslēnu (instrumental singular)
zoslēniem (instrumental plural)
zoslēnā (locative singular)
zoslēnos (locative plural)
zoslēn (singular vocative)
zoslēni (plural vocative)

zoss ar zoslēniem

paēdināt mazos zoslēnus


cālēns

cālēns (nominative singular)
cālēni (nominative plural)
cālēna (genitive singular)
cālēnu (genitive plural)
cālēnam (dative singular)
cālēniem (dative plural)
cālēnu (accusative singular)
cālēnus (accusative plural)
cālēnu (instrumental singular)
cālēniem (instrumental plural)
cālēnā (locative singular)
cālēnos (locative plural)
cālēn (singular vocative)
cālēni (plural vocative)


melnis

melnis (nominative singular)
meļņi (nominative plural)
meļņa (genitive singular)
meļņu (genitive plural)
melnim (dative singular)
meļņiem (dative plural)
melni (accusative singular)
meļņus (accusative plural)
melni (instrumental singular)
meļņiem (instrumental plural)
melnī (locative singular)
meļņos (locative plural)
melni (singular vocative)
meļņi (plural vocative)

From melns (“black”), made into a 2nd-declension masculine noun.

spīdoši nobarotie meļņi


baltiņš

baltiņš (nominative singular)
baltiņi (nominative plural)
baltiņa (genitive singular)
baltiņu (genitive plural)
baltiņam (dative singular)
baltiņiem (dative plural)
baltiņu (accusative singular)
baltiņus (accusative plural)
baltiņu (instrumental singular)
baltiņiem (instrumental plural)
baltiņā (locative singular)
baltiņos (locative plural)
baltiņ (singular vocative)
baltiņi (plural vocative)

From balts (“white”) (possibly a diminutive with -iņš).

saimnieks uzkāpis baltiņam un sācis jāt

the farmer mounted on the white horse and started riding

white horse (a horse that has white or very light hair)


sirmis

sirmis (nominative singular)
sirmji (nominative plural)
sirmja (genitive singular)
sirmju (genitive plural)
sirmim (dative singular)
sirmjiem (dative plural)
sirmi (accusative singular)
sirmjus (accusative plural)
sirmi (instrumental singular)
sirmjiem (instrumental plural)
sirmī (locative singular)
sirmjos (locative plural)
sirmi (singular vocative)
sirmji (plural vocative)

From sirms (“gray”), made into a 2nd-declension masculine noun.

sirmis ir gudrs zirgs

gray horse (a horse with light gray hair, with both black and white hair)


sarķis

sarķis (nominative singular)
sarķi (nominative plural)
sarķa (genitive singular)
sarķu (genitive plural)
sarķim (dative singular)
sarķiem (dative plural)
sarķi (accusative singular)
sarķus (accusative plural)
sarķi (instrumental singular)
sarķiem (instrumental plural)
sarķī (locative singular)
sarķos (locative plural)
sarķi (singular vocative)
sarķi (plural vocative)

From the same stem as sarkans (“red”), made into a 2nd-declension masculine noun.

sarķis ir vienmērīgi ruds

a chestnut horse is uniformly reddish brown (chestnut)


stirnāzis

stirnāzis (nominative singular)
stirnāži (nominative plural)
stirnāža (genitive singular)
stirnāžu (genitive plural)
stirnāzim (dative singular)
stirnāžiem (dative plural)
stirnāzi (accusative singular)
stirnāžus (accusative plural)
stirnāzi (instrumental singular)
stirnāžiem (instrumental plural)
stirnāzī (locative singular)
stirnāžos (locative plural)
stirnāzi (singular vocative)
stirnāži (plural vocative)

From stirnu (“roe deer[gen.]”) + āzis (“buck”).

compound

stirnāzis dzenā kazu ap krūmu trakā ātrumā līdz galīgam pagurumam

the male roe deer drives the female around the bush at a crazy speed until she is tired (lit. to final tiredness)

Capreolus capreolus
Capreolus capreolus#Translingual


zvirbuliene

zvirbuliene (nominative singular)
zvirbulienes (nominative plural)
zvirbulienes (genitive singular)
zvirbulieņu (genitive plural)
zvirbulienei (dative singular)
zvirbulienēm (dative plural)
zvirbulieni (accusative singular)
zvirbulienes (accusative plural)
zvirbulieni (instrumental singular)
zvirbulienēm (instrumental plural)
zvirbulienē (locative singular)
zvirbulienēs (locative plural)
zvirbuliene (singular vocative)
zvirbulienes (plural vocative)

From zvirbulis (“sparrow”) + -ene (“fem.”).

zvirbuliene taču būtu varējusi teikt tai nabadzītei, lai iet uz mājām un liekas gultā

but the female sparrow could have said to this poor woman that she (should) go home and lie in bed


salnis

salnis (nominative singular)
saļņi (nominative plural)
saļņa (genitive singular)
saļņu (genitive plural)
salnim (dative singular)
saļņiem (dative plural)
salni (accusative singular)
saļņus (accusative plural)
salni (instrumental singular)
saļņiem (instrumental plural)
salnī (locative singular)
saļņos (locative plural)
salni (singular vocative)
saļņi (plural vocative)

From salns (“frosty”), made into a 2nd-declension masculine noun.

zem salņa kājām sniegi / kā spilves pukojas

under the roan's feet (= hooves) the snow / grumbles like cotton grass

jātnieks zirgu noglauda: “salni, mans salni, ko krākdams tu kārpies...”

the rider stroked the horse: “roan, my roan, how noisily you paw...”

roan horse (horse with coat characterized by an even mixture of colored and white hairs on the body)


mājlops

mājlops (nominative singular)
mājlopi (nominative plural)
mājlopa (genitive singular)
mājlopu (genitive plural)
mājlopam (dative singular)
mājlopiem (dative plural)
mājlopu (accusative singular)
mājlopus (accusative plural)
mājlopu (instrumental singular)
mājlopiem (instrumental plural)
mājlopā (locative singular)
mājlopos (locative plural)
mājlop (singular vocative)
mājlopi (plural vocative)

no ganībām pārnāk govis, citus mājlopus nemana

the cows came from the pastures, other livestock were not noticed

vecā gada vakarā Lazdu māte izslauca kazu, dzimtas vienīgo mājlopu

last year in the summer mother Lazda milked the goat, the family's only livestock

larger farm animals, livestock (usually mammals: cattle, horses, sheep, goats, pigs, etc.)


segli

segli (nominative plural)
seglu (genitive plural)
segliem (dative plural)
seglus (accusative plural)
segliem (instrumental plural)
seglos (locative plural)
segli (plural vocative)

A parallel form to (still dialectally attested) sedli, from Proto-Baltic *sedula, from Proto-Indo-European *sed- (“to sit”) (whence also Latvian sēdēt (“to sit”), q.v.) with an extra ul; the original meaning was thus “seat” (cf. Latin sella (“seat; saddle”)). Some researchers consider this word a borrowing from Slavic languages, but others point out that the stem *sed- did survive in Baltic: e.g., segliņš (“spindle-tree”), named after the similarity between its fruit and a saddle. The two parallel forms segli and sedli co-existed well into the 19th century, at the end of which segli became the preferred form in the standard language. Cognates include Proto-Slavic *sedъlo (Old Church Slavonic седьло (sedĭlo), Russian, Bulgarian седло́ (sedló), Czech sedlo, Polish siodło), Old High German satul, satal, German Sattel, English saddle.

jātnieka segli

kavalērijas segli

nastu segli

seglu josta

seglu kāpslis

piesprādzēt seglus

sēdēt seglos

izlēkt no segliem

viņš smagi uzsēdās zirgā, ilgi nevarēdams ierīkoties seglos, kā nākas

he sat heavily on the horse, for a while unable to settle properly in the saddle

saddle (horse tack item, placed on the back of a horse either for riding or for attaching a load to the back of the animal)


seglot

head

seglot (transitive, 2nd conjugation, present segloju, seglo, seglo, past segloju)

conjugation (second-person)
segloju (present)
seglo (present)
segloju (past)
segloju (first-person indicative present singular)
segloju (first-person indicative past singular)
seglošu (first-person future indicative singular)
seglo (indicative present second-person singular)
segloji (indicative past second-person singular)
seglosi (future indicative second-person singular)
seglo (imperative second-person singular)
seglo (indicative present singular third-person)
segloja (indicative past singular third-person)
seglos (future indicative singular third-person)
lai seglo (imperative singular third-person)
seglojam (first-person indicative plural present)
seglojām (first-person indicative past plural)
seglosim (first-person future indicative plural)
seglosim (first-person imperative plural)
seglojat (indicative plural present second-person)
seglojāt (indicative past plural second-person)
seglosiet (future indicative plural second-person)
seglosit (future indicative plural second-person)
seglojiet (imperative plural second-person)
seglo (indicative plural present third-person)
segloja (indicative past plural third-person)
seglos (future indicative plural third-person)
lai seglo (imperative plural third-person)
seglojot (present renarrative)
seglojošs (active adjectival participle participle-1 present)
esot seglojis (past renarrative)
seglodams (active adverbial participle participle-2 present)
seglošot (future renarrative)
seglojot (active adverbial participle participle-3 present)
lai seglojot (imperative)
seglojam (active participle participle-4 present)
seglojis (active participle past)
seglotu (conditional present)
seglojams (participle passive present)
būtu seglojis (conditional past)
seglots (participle passive past)
jāseglo (debitive indicative)
būt jāseglo (debitive indicative)
seglot (infinitive)
esot jāseglo (conjunctive conjunctive-1 debitive)
neseglot (infinitive negative)
jāseglojot (conjunctive conjunctive-2 debitive)
seglošana (noun-from-verb)

From the same stem as segli (“saddle”) (q.v.), made into a second conjugation verb (ending -ot).

seglot zirgu

mans zirgs ir jau seglots, es dodos ceļā

my horse is already saddled, I am going on my way (= departing)

dēli, dēli, kur bijāt? seglojiet kumeliņus!

sons, sons, where are you? saddle the colts!

to saddle (to attach a saddle to an animal, usually a horse)


sedulka

sedulka (nominative singular)
sedulkas (nominative plural)
sedulkas (genitive singular)
sedulku (genitive plural)
sedulkai (dative singular)
sedulkām (dative plural)
sedulku (accusative singular)
sedulkas (accusative plural)
sedulku (instrumental singular)
sedulkām (instrumental plural)
sedulkā (locative singular)
sedulkās (locative plural)
sedulka (singular vocative)
sedulkas (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Russian седёлка (sedjólka).

sedulkas siksna

aplikt zirgam sedulku

apgāja zirgam apkārt, taustīja muguru zem sedulkas: vai nav noberzta?

he went around the horse, (and) felt under (its) (harness) saddle: is it not sore?

harness saddle (part of a harness, placed on a horse's back to hold a shaft)


reproduktors

reproduktors (nominative singular)
reproduktori (nominative plural)
reproduktora (genitive singular)
reproduktoru (genitive plural)
reproduktoram (dative singular)
reproduktoriem (dative plural)
reproduktoru (accusative singular)
reproduktorus (accusative plural)
reproduktoru (instrumental singular)
reproduktoriem (instrumental plural)
reproduktorā (locative singular)
reproduktoros (locative plural)
reproduktor (singular vocative)
reproduktori (plural vocative)

Via other European languages (cf. Czech reproduktor “loudspeaker”), ultimately derived from Latin re- “again” + producō “to produce”, in nominalized form (suffix -tor), i.e. “one which reproduces.”

sivēnu reproduktors - vienstāva kūts, 2,5 ha platība - jau uzcelts un dod produkciju

the pig breeding place - a four-storey barn, 2,5 ha of surface - has already been built and is producing

sovhoztehnikuma saimniecībā uzbūvēs reproduktoru sivēnu iegūšanai

the Sovkhoz (=Soviet collective) farm will build a breeding place to get more pigs

putnu audzētava “Savienība” perspektīvā izpildīs pirmās pakāpes reproduktora funkcija un ar diennakti veciem šķirtnes cāļiem nodrošinās otrās pakāpes reproduktorus: putnu fabrikas “Bauska”, “Ķekava”

the poultry farm “Savienība” (=“Union”) will carry out the function of first-degree breeding farm and will provide one-day old chicks to second-degree breeding farms: the poultry factories “Bauska” (and) “Ķekava”

breeding farm (a place, building, farm specialized in producing young animals, especially pigs)


cekulpīle

cekulpīle (nominative singular)
cekulpīles (nominative plural)
cekulpīles (genitive singular)
cekulpīļu (genitive plural)
cekulpīlei (dative singular)
cekulpīlēm (dative plural)
cekulpīli (accusative singular)
cekulpīles (accusative plural)
cekulpīli (instrumental singular)
cekulpīlēm (instrumental plural)
cekulpīlē (locative singular)
cekulpīlēs (locative plural)
cekulpīle (singular vocative)
cekulpīles (plural vocative)


zviegt

zviegt (intransitive, 1st conjugation, present zviedzu, zviedz, zviedz, past zviedzu)

conjugation (first-person)
zviedzu (present)
zviedz (present)
zviedzu (past)
zviedzu (first-person indicative present singular)
zvedzu (first-person indicative past singular)
zviegšu (first-person future indicative singular)
zvedz (indicative present second-person singular)
zvedzi (indicative past second-person singular)
zviegsi (future indicative second-person singular)
zvedz (imperative second-person singular)
zviedz (indicative present singular third-person)
zvedza (indicative past singular third-person)
zviegs (future indicative singular third-person)
lai zviedz (imperative singular third-person)
zviedzam (first-person indicative plural present)
zvedzām (first-person indicative past plural)
zviegsim (first-person future indicative plural)
zviegsim (first-person imperative plural)
zviedzat (indicative plural present second-person)
zvedzāt (indicative past plural second-person)
zviegsiet (future indicative plural second-person)
zviegsit (future indicative plural second-person)
zvedziet (imperative plural second-person)
zviedz (indicative plural present third-person)
zvedza (indicative past plural third-person)
zviegs (future indicative plural third-person)
lai zviedz (imperative plural third-person)
zviedzot (present renarrative)
zviedzošs (active adjectival participle participle-1 present)
esot zvedzis (past renarrative)
zviegdams (active adverbial participle participle-2 present)
zviegšot (future renarrative)
zviedzot (active adverbial participle participle-3 present)
lai zviedzot (imperative)
zviedzam (active participle participle-4 present)
zvedzis (active participle past)
zviegtu (conditional present)
būtu zvedzis (conditional past)
jāzviedz (debitive indicative)
būt jāzviedz (debitive indicative)
zviegt (infinitive)
esot jāzviedz (conjunctive conjunctive-1 debitive)
nezviegt (infinitive negative)
jāzviedzot (conjunctive conjunctive-2 debitive)
zviegšana (noun-from-verb)

From Proto-Baltic *žweng-tey, *žweng-ti, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰweng-tey, from *ǵʰwen- “to sound, to make a sound” (whence also the borrowing zvanīt) with an extra g. Cognates include Lithuanian žvéngti “to neigh, to laugh out loud,” žviẽgti “to neigh, to squeak, to shout loud.”

tanī brīdī mani sagrāba smiekli... tas, protams, bija zemiski no manas puses, nenoliedzu... zviegt tādā brīdī

at that moment I was overcome by laughter... this, of course, was very impolite from me, I don't deny... to laugh out loud at such a moment

liekas, ka nekas tāds jocīgs uz skatuves nenotiktu, bet lejā it visi atkal sāk zviegt smeklos un aplaudē

it seems that nothing funny would happen on the stage, but down below again everybody began to laugh out loud and applaud


zviedziens

zviedziens (nominative singular)
zviedzieni (nominative plural)
zviedziena (genitive singular)
zviedzienu (genitive plural)
zviedzienam (dative singular)
zviedzieniem (dative plural)
zviedzienu (accusative singular)
zviedzienus (accusative plural)
zviedzienu (instrumental singular)
zviedzieniem (instrumental plural)
zviedzienā (locative singular)
zviedzienos (locative plural)
zviedzien (singular vocative)
zviedzieni (plural vocative)

From zvieg(t) (“to neigh, to whinny”) + -iens, with g > dz via palatalization.

suffix

skaļš zviedziens

iela saņēma mani ar dārdoņu, zirgu zviedzieniem un autotaurēm

the street received me with (its) rumble, horse neighs and car horns

ļaužu balsis, govju māvieni, zirgu zviedzieni atskan ar divkāršām un reizēm pat trīskāršām atbalsīm

people's voices, cow moos, horse neighs resounded with double and sometimes even triple echoes


tabakmaks

tabakmaks (nominative singular)
tabakmaki (nominative plural)
tabakmaka (genitive singular)
tabakmaku (genitive plural)
tabakmakam (dative singular)
tabakmakiem (dative plural)
tabakmaku (accusative singular)
tabakmakus (accusative plural)
tabakmaku (instrumental singular)
tabakmakiem (instrumental plural)
tabakmakā (locative singular)
tabakmakos (locative plural)
tabakmak (singular vocative)
tabakmaki (plural vocative)

From tabakas (“tobacco[gen.]”) + maks (“bag, pouch”).

compound

Kaspars sameklēja pīpi, ilgi čamdījās pa kabatām, meklēdams tabakmaku, bet, neatradis to, noglabāja pīpi kabatā

Kaspars found his pipe and felt around in his pockets, looking for (his) tobacco pouch, then, not having found it, he put his pipe back in his pocket

dāvāja Viņauku Mārtiņam kāda meita tabakmaku skaistiem vilnas pušķiem aizvelkamās aukliņas galos

some girl had given Mārtiņš Vinauks a tobacco pouch with beautiful woollen ends in its drawstring

tobacco pouch (small bag or pouch for keeping tobacco)


zirdziņš

zirdziņš (nominative singular)
zirdziņi (nominative plural)
zirdziņa (genitive singular)
zirdziņu (genitive plural)
zirdziņam (dative singular)
zirdziņiem (dative plural)
zirdziņu (accusative singular)
zirdziņus (accusative plural)
zirdziņu (instrumental singular)
zirdziņiem (instrumental plural)
zirdziņā (locative singular)
zirdziņos (locative plural)
zirdziņ (singular vocative)
zirdziņi (plural vocative)

(colloquial, usually childish) gee-gee, horsey, horse


Havaju zoss

Havaju zoss (nominative singular)
Havaju zosis (nominative plural)
Havaju zoss (genitive singular)
Havaju zosu (genitive plural)
Havaju zosij (dative singular)
Havaju zosīm (dative plural)
Havaju zosi (accusative singular)
Havaju zosis (accusative plural)
Havaju zosi (instrumental singular)
Havaju zosīm (instrumental plural)
Havaju zosī (locative singular)
Havaju zosīs (locative plural)
Havaju zoss (singular vocative)
Havaju zosis (plural vocative)

Branta sandvicensis
Branta sandvicensis#Translingual

nene, Hawaiian goose (Branta sandvicensis)


kamene

kamene (nominative singular)
kamenes (nominative plural)
kamenes (genitive singular)
kamenu (genitive plural)
kamenei (dative singular)
kamenēm (dative plural)
kameni (accusative singular)
kamenes (accusative plural)
kameni (instrumental singular)
kamenēm (instrumental plural)
kamenē (locative singular)
kamenēs (locative plural)
kamene (singular vocative)
kamenes (plural vocative)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *kamanēˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *kemH-. Compare Lithuanian kamanė and Latgalian kamane.