ola

ola (nominative singular)
olas (nominative plural)
olu (accusative singular)
olas (accusative plural)
olas (genitive singular)
olu (genitive plural)
olai (dative singular)
olām (dative plural)
olu (instrumental singular)
olām (instrumental plural)
olā (locative singular)
olās (locative plural)
ola (singular vocative)
olas (plural vocative)

From a previous Proto-Baltic neuter noun *wuolan, from Proto-Baltic *wuol-, from Proto-Indo-European *wēl-, *wōl-, the lengthened grade of the stem *wel- (“to turn, to roll, to wind”), whence also velt (“to roll, to trundle”). The original meaning was therefore “something that turns, rolls”, still visible in the dialectal verb olāt (“to roll, to trundle”), and in the standard Latvian term olis (“round pebble”), dialectally also ola. It is possible that Proto-Indo-European *h₂ōwyóm (“egg”), which would have become *wowan in Proto-Baltic, may have influenced the development of *wuolan into ola. A synonym term pauts was used alongside ola until the beginning of the 20th century, when ola became dominant and replaced it. Cognates include Lithuanian uolà (“cliff, rock”).

cieti, mīksti vārīta ola

cieta, mīksta ola

nolobīt olu

jēla ola

raw egg (also: unexperienced, naive person)

cepta ola

pildīta ola

olu kultenis

izdzert olu

to drink an egg (= to suck the liquid through a hole on the eggshell)

Lieldienu ola

Easter egg (painted egg, part of the celebration of Easter)

mums, kā vistu neturēja, tā olu pašiem nebija

since we didn't keep hens, we didn't have eggs

egg (said reproductive cell, usually from birds, used as food)


mango

Via other European languages, see etymology at English mango.

Mango ir viens no tropu svarīgākajiem augļu kokiem.

The mango is one of the most important tropical fruit trees.

tree of the genus Mangifera with aromatic, sweet fruits


paprika

paprika (nominative singular)
paprikas (nominative plural)
papriku (accusative singular)
paprikas (accusative plural)
paprikas (genitive singular)
papriku (genitive plural)
paprikai (dative singular)
paprikām (dative plural)
papriku (instrumental singular)
paprikām (instrumental plural)
paprikā (locative singular)
paprikās (locative plural)
paprika (singular vocative)
paprikas (plural vocative)

Via other European languages, borrowed from Hungarian paprika, itself from Serbo-Croatian páprika, from pȁpar, from Latin piper (“pepper”), whence also Latvian pipars (q.v.).

gaļu sagriež gabaliņos, apcep taukvielā, liek katlā, pievieno papriku

cut the meat into small pieces, fry in a fat substance (= butter or margarine), put it in a pot (and) add paprika

(only plural) sweet pepper (the green, yellow or red fruits of this plant, eaten as vegetables; also, a condiment powder made from these fruits)


hurma

hurma (nominative singular)
hurmas (nominative plural)
hurmu (accusative singular)
hurmas (accusative plural)
hurmas (genitive singular)
hurmu (genitive plural)
hurmai (dative singular)
hurmām (dative plural)
hurmu (instrumental singular)
hurmām (instrumental plural)
hurmā (locative singular)
hurmās (locative plural)
hurma (singular vocative)
hurmas (plural vocative)

From Ottoman Turkish خرما (hurma), from Persian خرما (xormâ).


tomāts

tomāts (nominative singular)
tomāti (nominative plural)
tomātu (accusative singular)
tomātus (accusative plural)
tomāta (genitive singular)
tomātu (genitive plural)
tomātam (dative singular)
tomātiem (dative plural)
tomātu (instrumental singular)
tomātiem (instrumental plural)
tomātā (locative singular)
tomātos (locative plural)
tomāt (singular vocative)
tomāti (plural vocative)

Borrowed from German Tomate, or from Russian тома́т (tomát), themselves borrowings from French tomate, itself a borrowing from Spanish tomate, ultimately borrowed from Classical Nahuatl tomatl. This word is first mentioned in Latvian by the end of the 19th century, initially in two forms, masculine (tomāts) and feminine (tomāte); only in the 1920s did the masculine form became dominant.

tomātu stādi

ēdamais, kultīvētais tomāts

plaši izplatīts kultūraugs ir tomāti, kuri Eiropā ievesti 1554. gadā

tomatoes are a quite widespread crop, which was introduced in Europe in 1554

tomātus ilgu laiku audzēja kā dekoratīvus augus

tomatoes were grown for a long time as ornamental plants

Solanum lycopersicum
Solanum lycopersicum#Translingual

tomato (plant (Solanum lycopersicum) with branched stems, yellow flowers and juicy, edible red fruits)

tomātu sula

tomātu pasta

tomātu biezenis

konservēti tomāti

reņģes tomātu mērcē

brokastīs māmiņa sagriež lielu, sarkanu tomātu un vienu sīpolu

for breakfast, mummy cut a large, red tomato and one onion

tomato (the red fruit of this plant, eaten as a vegetable)


oga

oga (nominative singular)
ogas (nominative plural)
ogu (accusative singular)
ogas (accusative plural)
ogas (genitive singular)
ogu (genitive plural)
ogai (dative singular)
ogām (dative plural)
ogu (instrumental singular)
ogām (instrumental plural)
ogā (locative singular)
ogās (locative plural)
oga (singular vocative)
ogas (plural vocative)

From Proto-Baltic *wog-, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *ṓˀgāˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ógeh₂. Cognates include Lithuanian úoga, Old Church Slavonic агода (agoda), and possibly Tocharian B oko.

ogu sula

ogu krūms

ogu ķekars

iet ogās, iet lasīt ogas

ogu laiks


zirnis

zirnis (nominative singular)
zirņi (nominative plural)
zirni (accusative singular)
zirņus (accusative plural)
zirņa (genitive singular)
zirņu (genitive plural)
zirnim (dative singular)
zirņiem (dative plural)
zirni (instrumental singular)
zirņiem (instrumental plural)
zirnī (locative singular)
zirņos (locative plural)
zirni (singular vocative)
zirņi (plural vocative)

From Proto-Baltic *žírˀnjas, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *źírˀna, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵr̥h₂nóm. In Eastern Baltic, this word narrowed its meaning from “grain” to only one kind of grain, “pea”.

zirņu pāksts

lobīt zirņus

kaltēt zirņus

pelēkie zirņi ar speķi

zirņu zupa

Pisum sativum
Pisum sativum#Translingual

pea (the grain of these plants, especially Pisum sativum)


melone

melone (nominative singular)
melones (nominative plural)
meloni (accusative singular)
melones (accusative plural)
melones (genitive singular)
meloņu (genitive plural)
melonei (dative singular)
melonēm (dative plural)
meloni (instrumental singular)
melonēm (instrumental plural)
melonē (locative singular)
melonēs (locative plural)
melone (singular vocative)
melones (plural vocative)


papaija

papaija (nominative singular)
papaijas (nominative plural)
papaiju (accusative singular)
papaijas (accusative plural)
papaijas (genitive singular)
papaiju (genitive plural)
papaijai (dative singular)
papaijām (dative plural)
papaiju (instrumental singular)
papaijām (instrumental plural)
papaijā (locative singular)
papaijās (locative plural)
papaija (singular vocative)
papaijas (plural vocative)


avokado

Via other European languages, ultimately borrowed from Spanish aguacate, itself a borrowing from Nahuatl āhuacatl. In Europe, the term was also influenced by confusion with Spanish abogado (“lawyer”).

avokado ir lauru dzimtas augs

the avocado is a plant of the family Lauraceae

Persea americana
Persea americana#Translingual


ābols

ābols (nominative singular)
āboli (nominative plural)
ābolu (accusative singular)
ābolus (accusative plural)
ābola (genitive singular)
ābolu (genitive plural)
ābolam (dative singular)
āboliem (dative plural)
ābolu (instrumental singular)
āboliem (instrumental plural)
ābolā (locative singular)
ābolos (locative plural)
ābols (singular vocative)
āboli (plural vocative)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *ā́ˀbōl, genitive *ā́ˀbeles (from this paradigm, the two forms ābols (“apple”) and ābele (“apple tree”) were later differentiated), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ébōl. Cognates include Lithuanian obuolỹs, Proto-Slavic *ablъko (Old Church Slavonic аблъко (ablŭko), Russian я́блоко (jábloko)), Proto-Celtic *abūl (Old Irish ubull, Irish úll, Scottish Gaelic ubhal),
Proto-Germanic *aplaz (English apple, German Apfel, Dutch appel, Swedish äpple).

salds, skābs, sulīgs ābols

ābolu sula, vīns, ievārījums

ābola serde, sēklas, miza

sārts, vesels kā ābols

žāvēti āboli


kvieši

kvieši (nominative plural)
kviešus (accusative plural)
kviešu (genitive plural)
kviešiem (dative plural)
kviešiem (instrumental plural)
kviešos (locative plural)
kvieši (plural vocative)

From an earlier *kvietis (plural kvieši, genitive *kvietya > kvieša, from which a new singular kviesis was formed by analogy), from Proto-Baltic *kʷiet-, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷeyt- (“to shine; bright; white”), from a stem *kew-, *ḱew- (“to shine; bright”) with an extra -t. The original meaning was probably “light, bright one” > “wheat,” given its color. Cognates include Lithuanian kviečiaĩ, singular kvietỹs, Proto-Germanic *hwaitijaz (Old Norse hveiti, Norwegian kveite, Old High German weizi, German Weizen, Old English hwæte, English wheat).

uder

kviešu milti

kviešu maize

kviešu lauks

sēt kviešus

pļaut kviešus

Triticum aestivum
Triticum aestivum#Translingual


avene

avene (nominative singular)
avenes (nominative plural)
aveni (accusative singular)
avenes (accusative plural)
avenes (genitive singular)
aveņu (genitive plural)
avenei (dative singular)
avenēm (dative plural)
aveni (instrumental singular)
avenēm (instrumental plural)
avenē (locative singular)
avenēs (locative plural)
avene (singular vocative)
avenes (plural vocative)

Derived from the word avs “ewe” (cf. auns) + -ene. Raspberries are compared to sheep because of their softness and the tiny projections on their surface. Another possible motivation is that sheep often eat raspberry leaves. Cognates include Lithuanian aviẽtė.

meža, dārza avene

smaržīgā avene

aveņu puduris

baltās avenes

avenes izplatītas visā ziemeļu puslodes mērenajā joslā, ogas sarkanas

raspberries (are) found all over the temperate zone of the Northern hemisphere, (its) berries (are) red

raspberry (a plant of the family Rosaceae, genus Rubus, with sweet, aromatic, usually red berries)


biete

biete (nominative singular)
bietes (nominative plural)
bieti (accusative singular)
bietes (accusative plural)
bietes (genitive singular)
biešu (genitive plural)
bietei (dative singular)
bietēm (dative plural)
bieti (instrumental singular)
bietēm (instrumental plural)
bietē (locative singular)
bietēs (locative plural)
biete (singular vocative)
bietes (plural vocative)


tabaka

tabaka (nominative singular)
tabaku (accusative singular)
tabakas (genitive singular)
tabakai (dative singular)
tabaku (instrumental singular)
tabakā (locative singular)
tabaka (singular vocative)

Via other European languages, ultimately borrowed from Spanish tabaco, itself borrowed from a Taíno (Arawakan) word meaning either “roll of tobacco leaves” or “pipe for smoking tobacco,” but apparently also merged with a pre-existing borrowing from Arabic طَبَاق (ṭabāq, “a type of medicinal herb”), found in the early 15th century as the name of various herbs.

der

tabakas audzēšana

tabakas šķirne

tabakas lapas satur nikotīnu, kas ir stipra sirds inde un pamazām atstāj graujošu ietekmi uz cilvēka asinsvadu sistēmu un nerviem

tobacco leaves contain nicotine, which is a strong heart poison and has gradual destructive influence on a person's circulatory and nervous systems

Nicotiana tabacum
Nicotiana tabacum#Translingual

tobacco (several plants of the genus Nicotiana, especially Nicotiana tabacum and related species, with leaves used for smoking or chewing)


citrons

citrons (nominative singular)
citroni (nominative plural)
citronu (accusative singular)
citronus (accusative plural)
citrona (genitive singular)
citronu (genitive plural)
citronam (dative singular)
citroniem (dative plural)
citronu (instrumental singular)
citroniem (instrumental plural)
citronā (locative singular)
citronos (locative plural)
citron (singular vocative)
citroni (plural vocative)

Perhaps via other European languages, ultimately borrowed from French citron, from Latin citrus (“citron tree”) (perhaps from a non-attested augmentative form).

citrons aug savvaļā, visvairāk dienvidaustrumu Himalajos... tikai 3. gadsimtā pirms mūsu ēras citroni ieviesās Itālijā

the lemon (tree) grows in the wild, especially in the southeastern Himalayas... only in the 3rd century B.C. were lemons introduced in Italy

lemon tree (small evergreen tree with yellow, aromatic, sour fruits, sp. Citrus limon)


bumbieris

bumbieris (nominative singular)
bumbieri (nominative plural)
bumbieri (accusative singular)
bumbierus (accusative plural)
bumbiera (genitive singular)
bumbieru (genitive plural)
bumbierim (dative singular)
bumbieriem (dative plural)
bumbieri (instrumental singular)
bumbieriem (instrumental plural)
bumbierī (locative singular)
bumbieros (locative plural)
bumbieri (singular vocative)
bumbieri (plural vocative)

bumbieru sula

bumbieru kompots

žāvēti bumbieri

ēst bumbieri


ananass

ananass (nominative singular)
ananasi (nominative plural)
ananasu (accusative singular)
ananasus (accusative plural)
ananasa (genitive singular)
ananasu (genitive plural)
ananasam (dative singular)
ananasiem (dative plural)
ananasu (instrumental singular)
ananasiem (instrumental plural)
ananasā (locative singular)
ananasos (locative plural)
ananas (singular vocative)
ananasi (plural vocative)

From German Ananas, from Portuguese ananás, originally from Old Tupi nanas (“excellent fruit”).

ananasu plantācijas

kultivēt ananasus

svarīgs kultūraugs ir ananass, kas savvaļā aug Vidusamerikā

the pineapple, which grows wild in Central America, is an important crop

Ananas comosus
Ananas comosus#Translingual

pineapple (tropical plant with big, juicy, aromatic fruit, esp. Ananas comosus)


kāposti

kāposti (nominative plural)
kāpostus (accusative plural)
kāpostu (genitive plural)
kāpostiem (dative plural)
kāpostiem (instrumental plural)
kāpostos (locative plural)
kāposti (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Old East Slavic капуста (kapusta) (cf. Russian капу́ста (kapústa)), itself a borrowing based on the merging of two Latin words, caputium (“head of cabbage”) and compos(i)ta (“compound vegetables”). This word must have been borrowed before the 13th century, when Old East Slavic у was still pronounced as o. Its first occurrence is in 16th-century dictionaries.

audzēt kāpostus

kāpostu galviņa, kāpostgalviņa

vārīt kāpostus

kāpostu pīrāgs

Brassica oleracea
Brassica oleracea#Translingual

cabbage (a type of leafy vegetable, especially Brassica oleracea)


rudzi

rudzi (nominative plural)
rudzus (accusative plural)
rudzu (genitive plural)
rudziem (dative plural)
rudziem (instrumental plural)
rudzos (locative plural)
rudzi (plural vocative)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *rugís, from Proto-Indo-European *Hrugʰís. Cognates include Lithuanian rugỹs, rugiaĩ, Old Prussian rugis, ruggis, Proto-Slavic *rъžь (Russian рожь (rožʹ), Ukrainian рожь (rožʹ), Bulgarian ръж (rǎž), Czech rež, Polish reż), Proto-Germanic *rugiz (Old High German rocko, German Roggen, Dutch rogge, Old English ryge, English rye,
Old Norse rugr, Swedish råg, Danish rug).

sēt, pļaut rudzus

lopi sagājuši rudzos

pūrs rudzu

malt rudzus

rudzu maize

rye (a grass, Secale sereale, or its grains, used for food or fodder)


burkāns

burkāns (nominative singular)
burkāni (nominative plural)
burkānu (accusative singular)
burkānus (accusative plural)
burkāna (genitive singular)
burkānu (genitive plural)
burkānam (dative singular)
burkāniem (dative plural)
burkānu (instrumental singular)
burkāniem (instrumental plural)
burkānā (locative singular)
burkānos (locative plural)
burkān (singular vocative)
burkāni (plural vocative)

The word is first mentioned in Latvian in 17th-century dictionaries. It is a heavily discussed word spread around Baltic Sea, up to Russian бурка́н (burkán), борка́н (borkán) and Finnish porkkana, Estonian porgand, Livonian borkõn, borkõnz, borkkiņ, the immediate sources of which are unknown but are sought in any of the neighbouring Indo-European languages. Possible scenarios:
* It is a borrowing from Baltic German Burkane, from Middle Low German, itself
** from Old Frisian bure, burre (“conic root; top of a stake, pile (in the ground)”) + a diminutive suffix -ken, -kan (cf. the Old Frisian reduced form burke (“little root”)). But it is dubious that the diminutive suffix would get a long vowel and even become stressed. In turn it is tempting to assume in this constellation that the German is from Latvian. One needs to ask why this word has prominence only in the extreme fringes of the German and Russian language areas respectively.
** from Burgundian rule over the Netherlands, hence the word would just reflected the country name Burgundy. This is backed by the observation of the carrot plant’s spread in the Late Middle Ages from the Mediterranean over Middle Europe to Northeast Europe. But the transmitting forms of Low German and Dutch dialects are in question.
* It is from a Proto-Indo-European *br̥k, *mr̥k with reflexes in Lithuanian burkūnas, burkañtas, Ancient Greek βράκανα (brákana), Russian борка́н, бурка́н (borkán, burkán) on the one hand and Proto-Slavic *mъrky and Proto-Germanic *murhǭ on the other.
* It is from a non-Indo-European substrate language which had an alternation that explains the anlaut variation between the voiced bilabial plosive and the voiced bilabial nasal of the aforementioned words. Ancient Greek βράκανα (brákana, “wild vegetables”) is a random correspondence if not remotely related via the source language of this word.
* The Baltic words are possibly from a non-Indo-European substrate language and German and Russian derive from Latvian. Proto-Slavic *mъrky and Proto-Germanic *murhǭ are random correspondences, possibly from an unrelated substrate.

unk

discussed

cog

борка́н, бурка́н

galda burkāns

lopbarības burkāns

burkānu vaga

burkānu lauks

ravēt burkānus

burkānu kaitēkļi

no savvaļas burkāna krustojot izaudzēts lauku burkāns

by crossing wild carrots the field carrot was grown

Daucus carota
Daucus carota#Translingual

carrot (a plant with a large edible root, often orange in colour, esp. Daucus carota)

dzert burkānu sulu

burkānu salāti

tīrīt burkānus

pagrabos glabā kartupeļus, burkānus, bietes un citas saknes

in the cellars one stores potatoes, carrots, beets and other roots

Tenis atkal piesarka kā burkāns

carrot (the edible root of that plant, often orange in colour and used as a vegetable)


aprikoze

aprikoze (nominative singular)
aprikozes (nominative plural)
aprikozi (accusative singular)
aprikozes (accusative plural)
aprikozes (genitive singular)
aprikožu (genitive plural)
aprikozei (dative singular)
aprikozēm (dative plural)
aprikozi (instrumental singular)
aprikozēm (instrumental plural)
aprikozē (locative singular)
aprikozēs (locative plural)
aprikoze (singular vocative)
aprikozes (plural vocative)

Via other European languages, ultimately borrowed from Arabic الْبَرْقُوق (al-barqūq, “plums”), itself from Byzantine Greek βερικοκκῐ́ᾱ (berikokkĭ́ā, “apricot tree”), from Ancient Greek πραικὄκῐον (praikókĭon), from Late Latin (persica) praecocia (literally “over-ripe (peaches)”), (mālum) praecoquum (literally “over-ripe (apple)”).

uder

stādīt, kultivēt aprikozes

dārznieks nolēma radīt jaunas augļu koku un ogulāju šķirnes, bet dienvidu august - aprikozes, vīnogas, saldos ķiršus - sākt audzēt arī ziemeļos

the gardener decided to create new fruit and berry trees, but the southern plants - apricots, grapes, sweet cherries - are now beginning to grow also in the north

Prunus armeniaca
Prunus armeniaca#Translingual

apricot (tree of the family Rosaceae, especially Prunus armeniaca, with orange fruits)


sīpols

sīpols (nominative singular)
sīpoli (nominative plural)
sīpolu (accusative singular)
sīpolus (accusative plural)
sīpola (genitive singular)
sīpolu (genitive plural)
sīpolam (dative singular)
sīpoliem (dative plural)
sīpolu (instrumental singular)
sīpoliem (instrumental plural)
sīpolā (locative singular)
sīpolos (locative plural)
sīpol (singular vocative)
sīpoli (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Middle Dutch sipol (cf. Middle Low German sipolle, German Zwiebel), itself a borrowing from Italian cipollo, from Latin cīpulla, cepulla, the diminutive form of cēpa, of uncertain origin (perhaps a borrowing from an unattested Ancient Greek word.)

gladiolu, tulpju sīpols

ķiplokam ir salikts sīpols, kas sastāv no vairākiem patstāvīgiem sīpoliem, un katra nolauztā ķiploka daiva izveido jaunu augu

garlic has a compound bulb which consists of several independent bulbs, and every clove of garlic that breaks off originates a new plant

(botany) bulb (a modification of the stem and shriveled leaves of certain plants, among which onions, which accumulates nutrients)


dārzājs

dārzājs (nominative singular)
dārzāji (nominative plural)
dārzāju (accusative singular)
dārzājus (accusative plural)
dārzāja (genitive singular)
dārzāju (genitive plural)
dārzājam (dative singular)
dārzājiem (dative plural)
dārzāju (instrumental singular)
dārzājiem (instrumental plural)
dārzājā (locative singular)
dārzājos (locative plural)
dārzāj (singular vocative)
dārzāji (plural vocative)

Coined in the 1860s by Juris Alunāns, from dārzs (“garden”) + -ājs.

audzēt dārzājus

labs dzelzs avots ir lapu dārzāji

leafy vegetables are a good source of iron

no dārzājiem izlieto bumbuļus (kartupeļi, topinambūri), saknes (burkāni, bietes, kāļi), stublājus un ziedus (rabarberi, sparģeli, puķu kāposti), lapas (kāposti, spināti, salāti, puravi), augļus (gurķi, ķirbji, melones, tomāti, baklažāni)

from vegetables one uses tubers (potatoes, artichokes), roots (carrots, beets, swedes), stems and lowers (rhubarb, asparagus, cauliflower), leaves (cabbage, spinach, lettuce, leeks), (and) fruits (cucumber, squash, mellon, tomato, eggplant)

(chiefly in the plural) vegetable (herbaceous plants with juicy edible parts; cucumber, tomato, lettuce, cabbage, potato, etc.)


rīss

rīss (nominative singular)
rīsi (nominative plural)
rīsu (accusative singular)
rīsus (accusative plural)
rīsa (genitive singular)
rīsu (genitive plural)
rīsam (dative singular)
rīsiem (dative plural)
rīsu (instrumental singular)
rīsiem (instrumental plural)
rīsā (locative singular)
rīsos (locative plural)
rīs (singular vocative)
rīsi (plural vocative)

Via other European languages, ultimately borrowed from Ancient Greek ὄρυζα (óruza), ὄρυζον (óruzon), itself a borrowing from Asian languages, probably ultimately from Dravidian, via Sanskrit व्रीहि (vrīhí). The specifics are still debated.

pulētie rīsi

rīsu milti

rīsu zupa, biezputra, pudiņš

piena zupa ar rīsiem

daudzās valstīs, piemēram, Ķīnā, Indijā, Japānā, Pakistānā, Indonēzijā, rīsi ir glavenais uzturlīdzeklis

in many countries, for instance, China, India, Japan, Pakistan, Indonesia, rice is the staple food

rice (the edible grains, seeds of this plant, eaten as food)


salāts

salāts (nominative singular)
salāti (nominative plural)
salātu (accusative singular)
salātus (accusative plural)
salāta (genitive singular)
salātu (genitive plural)
salātam (dative singular)
salātiem (dative plural)
salātu (instrumental singular)
salātiem (instrumental plural)
salātā (locative singular)
salātos (locative plural)
salāt (singular vocative)
salāti (plural vocative)

Via other European languages (cf. French salade, German Salat, Russian сала́т (salát)), ultimately a borrowing from Vulgar Latin salāta, from saliō (“to salt”), from sal (“salt”), apparently initially a reference to the sauce (e.g., “salted vegetables”).

dārzeņu, biešu, burkānu salāti

augļu salāti

sēņu salāti

gaļas salāti

salātu trauks

izmērcētas pupiņas novāra, gurķus sarīvē skaidās, tomātus sagriež šķēlītēs, lokus sīki sasmalcina... visas salātu sastāvdaļas samaisa...

one cooks the seasoned beans, one cuts the cucumbers into slivers, the tomatoes into slices, the chive into small pieces... all (these) salad ingredients are (then) mixed...

aukstajā galdā dažādus salātus pasniedz kā papildinājumu gaļas un zivju ēdieniem

in a cold table (= table with cold foods), some kinds of salads are served as complement to meat and fish dishes

(usually plural) salad (food consisting of fresh or cooked vegetables, perhaps with meat or fish, all cut together and served with sauce, oil, or vinegar)


apelsīns

apelsīns (nominative singular)
apelsīni (nominative plural)
apelsīnu (accusative singular)
apelsīnus (accusative plural)
apelsīna (genitive singular)
apelsīnu (genitive plural)
apelsīnam (dative singular)
apelsīniem (dative plural)
apelsīnu (instrumental singular)
apelsīniem (instrumental plural)
apelsīnā (locative singular)
apelsīnos (locative plural)
apelsīn (singular vocative)
apelsīni (plural vocative)

Apparently borrowed from Low German Appelsina, from Dutch appelsien (now usually sinaasappel), from China and appel, i.e. originally “China apple” (oranges were originally brought to Europe from China).

apelsīnu sugas, ziedi

kultivēt apelsīnus

no Ķīnas citronu, apelsīnu un citu radniecīgu augļu koku kultivēšana pārgāja uz Indiju

the cultivation of lemons, oranges and other related fruit trees went from China to India

Citrus sinensis
Citrus sinensis#Translingual

orange (subtropical fruit tree of genus Citrus, esp. Citrus sinensis, with round, succulent, aromatic fruits)


dārzenis

dārzenis (nominative singular)
dārzeņi (nominative plural)
dārzeni (accusative singular)
dārzeņus (accusative plural)
dārzeņa (genitive singular)
dārzeņu (genitive plural)
dārzenim (dative singular)
dārzeņiem (dative plural)
dārzeni (instrumental singular)
dārzeņiem (instrumental plural)
dārzenī (locative singular)
dārzeņos (locative plural)
dārzeni (singular vocative)
dārzeņi (plural vocative)

lapu dārzeņi

augļu dārzeņi

ziedu dārzeņi

sakņu dārzeņi

dārzeņu kultūras

bietēm, kāļiem, rāceņiem, burkāniem, kāpostiem un citiem dārzeņiem sulīgi, zaļi laksti plētās jau ap Jāņu dienu

the juicy green foliage of beets, swedes, turnips, carrots, cabbages and other vegables was extending itself (= had well grown out) already at about St. John's day


auglis

auglis (nominative singular)
augļi (nominative plural)
augli (accusative singular)
augļus (accusative plural)
augļa (genitive singular)
augļu (genitive plural)
auglim (dative singular)
augļiem (dative plural)
augli (instrumental singular)
augļiem (instrumental plural)
auglī (locative singular)
augļos (locative plural)
augli (singular vocative)
augļi (plural vocative)

From the same stem as augt (“to grow”), with an extra l, made into a masculine second-declension noun (ending -is).

augļa kustības

uzturam grūtniecības laikā ir jāsatur visas augļa attīstībai vajadzīgas vielas

the diet during pregnancy must contain all the substances necessary to the development of the fetus

(embryology) fetus (mammalian organism between the embryonary stage and birth)


ķirbis

ķirbis (nominative singular)
ķirbji (nominative plural)
ķirbi (accusative singular)
ķirbjus (accusative plural)
ķirbja (genitive singular)
ķirbju (genitive plural)
ķirbim (dative singular)
ķirbjiem (dative plural)
ķirbi (instrumental singular)
ķirbjiem (instrumental plural)
ķirbī (locative singular)
ķirbjos (locative plural)
ķirbi (singular vocative)
ķirbji (plural vocative)

Borrowed from German Kürbis, itself borrowed from Latin cucurbita (from an earlier *curbitia, via reduplication). This word is first mentioned in early 18th-century texts, but only in the 19th century did it become really popular and enter the standard literary language. Various expressions had previously been used to refer to this plant, usually comparing it to a cucumber or apple (“big cucumber”, “big apple”, “porridge apple,” “porridge cucumber,” etc.). The ending -s, which is part of the root in German, was reinterpreted as the Latvian Nom. Sg. ending -(i)s and is replaced accordingly in other grammatical cases.

paraistais ķirbis

baltais ķirbis

ziemas ķirbji

ķirbju sēklas

lielaugļu ķirbis

krūmu ķirbis

pumpkin, squash, gourd (plants; fam. Cucurbitaceae)


gurķis

gurķis (nominative singular)
gurķi (nominative plural)
gurķi (accusative singular)
gurķus (accusative plural)
gurķa (genitive singular)
gurķu (genitive plural)
gurķim (dative singular)
gurķiem (dative plural)
gurķi (instrumental singular)
gurķiem (instrumental plural)
gurķī (locative singular)
gurķos (locative plural)
gurķi (singular vocative)
gurķi (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Middle Low German augurke (cf. German Gurke); the Germanic term is itself a borrowing from Polish ogórek, originally from Greek άγουρος (ágouros) “unripe, immature”) which replaced an earlier term krievāboli.
First attested in 17th-century dictionaries as augurķis, later agurķe, agurķis, also (already in the 17th century) gurķis, it became gurķis, gurķe in 18th-century literature. In the mid-19th century, only the form gurķis remained.

gurķu dobe

gurķa ziedi

gurķu sēklas

gurķu šķirnes

sēt gurķus

laistīt gurķus

audzēt gurķus siltumnīcā

Cucumis sativus
Cucumis sativus#Translingual

cucumber (plant of the family Cucurbitaceae, species Cucumis sativus, often cultivated in gardens for its edible vegetable fruit)


ķiploks

ķiploks (nominative singular)
ķiploki (nominative plural)
ķiploku (accusative singular)
ķiplokus (accusative plural)
ķiploka (genitive singular)
ķiploku (genitive plural)
ķiplokam (dative singular)
ķiplokiem (dative plural)
ķiploku (instrumental singular)
ķiplokiem (instrumental plural)
ķiplokā (locative singular)
ķiplokos (locative plural)
ķiplok (singular vocative)
ķiploki (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Middle Low German klüflōk (“garlic”) (cf. German Knoblauch, Dutch knoflook), with klüf- from Proto-Germanic *kliuban (“to split, to cut”) and -lōk “onion, leek” (cf. German Lauch, Dutch look, English leek), i.e., originally “split, segmented onion.” This loanword is first mentioned in 17th-century dictionaries.

cog

ziemas ķiploki

savvaļas ķiploks

ķiploka sīpols

tulpes, lilijas, virtuves sīpolus, ķiplokus un vēl citus augus apvieno liliju dzimtā

tulips, lilies, kitchen onions, garlic and still other plants combine (to form) the lily family (Liliaceae)

ķiploki izaug no 20 līdz 100 cm augsti

Allium sativum
Allium sativum#Translingual

garlic (herbaceous plant, sp. Allium sativum, with pungent edible bulbs)


kartupelis

kartupelis (nominative singular)
kartupeļi (nominative plural)
kartupeli (accusative singular)
kartupeļus (accusative plural)
kartupeļa (genitive singular)
kartupeļu (genitive plural)
kartupelim (dative singular)
kartupeļiem (dative plural)
kartupeli (instrumental singular)
kartupeļiem (instrumental plural)
kartupelī (locative singular)
kartupeļos (locative plural)
kartupeli (singular vocative)
kartupeļi (plural vocative)

A borrowing, from Baltic German Kartoffel, Kartuffel (compare Low German Kartuffel, Standard High German Kartoffel, Danish kartoffel), from a Romance language: compare Romansch tartuffel, Italian tartufalo, from tartufo (“truffle”). The Latvian form is first attested at the beginning of the 18th century. A number of other (often unrelated) terms for “potato” exist in Latvian dialects alongside the standard word.

kartupeļu (lakstu) puve

kartupeļu šķirnes

Solanum tuberosum
Solanum tuberosum#Translingual

potato (plant, Solanum tuberosum, with tubers eaten as a starchy vegetable)


lēca

lēca (nominative singular)
lēcas (nominative plural)
lēcu (accusative singular)
lēcas (accusative plural)
lēcas (genitive singular)
lēcu (genitive plural)
lēcai (dative singular)
lēcām (dative plural)
lēcu (instrumental singular)
lēcām (instrumental plural)
lēcā (locative singular)
lēcās (locative plural)
lēca (singular vocative)
lēcas (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Old East Slavic ляца (ljaca, “lentils”), from Proto-Slavic *lęťa. Because of the roundish, flat seeds of this plant, K. Lībietis used the same word (in 1873) to refer also to the structure inside the eye (crystalline lens), as well as its optical equivalent (lens). In this, he followed the model of German Linse.

vārīt lēcas

briljants lēcas grauda formā

lēcas kultivē cilvēku uzturam no visssenākiem laikiem

one has cultivated lentils for human consumption since the most ancient times

(usually plural) lentils, lens (plant of the genus Lens, cultivated for their edible seeds; the seeds of these plants)

izliekta lēca

ieliekta lēca

kontakta lēca, kontaktlēca

visus refrakcijas anomālijas veidus mēs labojam ar speciāli pagatavotām stikla lēcām

all types of refraction anomalies we (can) correct with specially prepared glass lenses

(optics) lens (a clear, transparent body in various forms, usually made of glass, used to change the direction of incoming light rays so as to produce images)


zīle

zīle (nominative singular)
zīles (nominative plural)
zīli (accusative singular)
zīles (accusative plural)
zīles (genitive singular)
zīļu (genitive plural)
zīlei (dative singular)
zīlēm (dative plural)
zīli (instrumental singular)
zīlēm (instrumental plural)
zīlē (locative singular)
zīlēs (locative plural)
zīle (singular vocative)
zīles (plural vocative)

From Proto-Indo-European *gʷelh₂-. Cognate with Lithuanian gilė.

lasīt zīles

šogad ozoli zīļu pilni


lācene

Apparently from lācis just like the term for a female bear. This could be further supported by the fact that LĒL lists two Livonian terms for cloudberry, kurgmōŗa (literally “crane berry”) and okšmōŗa (literally “bear berry”), with the latter proscribed, which would suggest it is a calque from Latvian.

Rubus chamaemorus
Rubus chamaemorus#Translingual

cloudberry, sp. Rubus chamaemorus; a cloudberry plant; a fruit of a cloudberry plant


labība

labība (nominative singular)
labības (nominative plural)
labību (accusative singular)
labības (accusative plural)
labības (genitive singular)
labību (genitive plural)
labībai (dative singular)
labībām (dative plural)
labību (instrumental singular)
labībām (instrumental plural)
labībā (locative singular)
labībās (locative plural)
labība (singular vocative)
labības (plural vocative)

From labs (“good”) + -ība. The original meaning of labība was 'property', 'riches', until the early 17th century. Cognate with Lithuanian regionalism labýba (“property, riches”). Compare the same semantic evolution in Lithuanian gėrỹba (“property, cereals”), from Lithuanian gẽras (“good”), and in Polish zboże (“cereal, grain”), previously "property, riches".

labības kombains

labību kaitēkļi

pļaut labību

cereal (kind of grass cultivated for its edible grains)

nosvērt labību

iztīrīt labību

labības glabātava

(chiefly in the singular) cereal, grain (the grains of cereal plants)


duriāns

duriāns (nominative singular)
duriāni (nominative plural)
duriānu (accusative singular)
duriānus (accusative plural)
duriāna (genitive singular)
duriānu (genitive plural)
duriānam (dative singular)
duriāniem (dative plural)
duriānu (instrumental singular)
duriāniem (instrumental plural)
duriānā (locative singular)
duriānos (locative plural)
duriān (singular vocative)
duriāni (plural vocative)

From English durian, from Malay durian, from Proto-Malayic *duri-an, from (Western) Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *duʀi-an.

durian (any of several trees of genus Durio; their fruit)


dzeltenums

dzeltenums (nominative singular)
dzeltenumi (nominative plural)
dzeltenumu (accusative singular)
dzeltenumus (accusative plural)
dzeltenuma (genitive singular)
dzeltenumu (genitive plural)
dzeltenumam (dative singular)
dzeltenumiem (dative plural)
dzeltenumu (instrumental singular)
dzeltenumiem (instrumental plural)
dzeltenumā (locative singular)
dzeltenumos (locative plural)
dzeltenum (singular vocative)
dzeltenumi (plural vocative)

vidū kļavas lapai dzeltenums spīdēja kā saule pusdienā

in the middle of the maple leaves the yellow(ness) shone like the sun at noon

(chiefly in the singular) yellow, yellowness (the quality of that which is yellow)


baltums

baltums (nominative singular)
baltumi (nominative plural)
baltumu (accusative singular)
baltumus (accusative plural)
baltuma (genitive singular)
baltumu (genitive plural)
baltumam (dative singular)
baltumiem (dative plural)
baltumu (instrumental singular)
baltumiem (instrumental plural)
baltumā (locative singular)
baltumos (locative plural)
baltum (singular vocative)
baltumi (plural vocative)

krīta baltums

sniega baltums

mākoņu baltums mirdzēja kā sniegs

(chiefly in the singular) white, whiteness (the quality of that which is white)


ērkšķoga

ērkšķoga (nominative singular)
ērkšķogas (nominative plural)
ērkšķogu (accusative singular)
ērkšķogas (accusative plural)
ērkšķogas (genitive singular)
ērkšķogu (genitive plural)
ērkšķogai (dative singular)
ērkšķogām (dative plural)
ērkšķogu (instrumental singular)
ērkšķogām (instrumental plural)
ērkšķogā (locative singular)
ērkšķogās (locative plural)
ērkšķoga (singular vocative)
ērkšķogas (plural vocative)

ērkšķogu ievārījums

ērkšķogu ķīselis

saimniece bija piešķinusi zaļas ērkšķogas un varīja slimniecei ķīseli

the farmer's wife had picked green gooseberries and made jam for the patient

(usually in the plural) gooseberries (its fruits)


mandarīns

mandarīns (nominative singular)
mandarīni (nominative plural)
mandarīnu (accusative singular)
mandarīnus (accusative plural)
mandarīna (genitive singular)
mandarīnu (genitive plural)
mandarīnam (dative singular)
mandarīniem (dative plural)
mandarīnu (instrumental singular)
mandarīniem (instrumental plural)
mandarīnā (locative singular)
mandarīnos (locative plural)
mandarīn (singular vocative)
mandarīni (plural vocative)

Perhaps via other European languages, ultimately borrowed from Dutch mandarijn or from Portuguese mandarim, both borrowings from Malay menteri, manteri, from Sanskrit मन्त्रिन् (mantrin, “minister, councillor”), from मन्त्र (mantra, “counsel, maxim, mantra”) and -इन् (-in, “an agent suffix”). The fruit meaning (“tangerine”) apparently derives from the yellow collor of a mandarin's costume.

der

ķīniešu ieradumu aizstāvis eiropeiski izglītots Ķīnas mandarīns misters Vū ir savdabīgs un diezgan interesants lugas tēls

Mister Woo, a defender of Chinese traditions, a Chinese mandarin educated as a European, is a unique and quite interesting character

mandarīnu valoda

(historical) mandarin (a high government official of the old Chinese Empire)


kukurūza

kukurūza (nominative singular)
kukurūzu (accusative singular)
kukurūzas (genitive singular)
kukurūzai (dative singular)
kukurūzu (instrumental singular)
kukurūzā (locative singular)
kukurūza (singular vocative)

Apparently borrowed from Russian кукуру́за (kukurúza), itself of unclear origin (q.v.).

kukurūzas vālītes

kukurūzas graudi

kukurūzas šķirnes

kukurūza ir ļoti vērtīgs lopbarības augs, no kura iegūst daudz labas skābbarības un arī lielu graudu ražu

corn/maize is a very valuable forage plant from which one obtains a lot of good silage and also a large grain harvest

corn, maize (plant of the species Zea mays)

kukurūzas milti

kukurūzas eļļa

kukurūzas pārslas

kukurūzas rauši

corn, maize (the seeds or grains of this plant, eaten as food)


saldais pipars

saldais pipars (nominative singular)
saldie pipari (nominative plural)
saldo piparu (accusative singular)
saldos piparus (accusative plural)
saldā pipara (genitive singular)
saldo piparu (genitive plural)
saldajam piparam (dative singular)
saldajiem pipariem (dative plural)
saldo piparu (instrumental singular)
saldajiem pipariem (instrumental plural)
saldajā piparā (locative singular)
saldajos piparos (locative plural)
saldo pipar (singular vocative)
saldais pipar (singular vocative)
saldie pipari (plural vocative)

saldie pipari ir vitamīnaugs, kam ir liela nozīme uzturā

sweet peppers are a plant (rich in) vitamins which plays an important role in (our) diet

Capsicum annuum
Capsicum annuum#Translingual

sweet pepper, bell pepper (non-spicy type of pepper, esp. Capsicum annuum)

skābējot gurķus, ieteicams pievienot saldos piparus, jo tie ir bagāti ar vitamīniem

(when) pickling cucumbers, it is advisable to add sweet peppers, because they are rich in (lit. with) vitamins

(only plural) sweet pepper (the green, yellow or red fruits of this plant, eaten as vegetables)


banāns

banāns (nominative singular)
banāni (nominative plural)
banānu (accusative singular)
banānus (accusative plural)
banāna (genitive singular)
banānu (genitive plural)
banānam (dative singular)
banāniem (dative plural)
banānu (instrumental singular)
banāniem (instrumental plural)
banānā (locative singular)
banānos (locative plural)
banān (singular vocative)
banāni (plural vocative)

Via Spanish and Portuguese banana, and probably also other European languages, ultimately borrowed from Wolof banaana, via Spanish or Portuguese.

banāna lapas

banānu birzis

banana tree (tropical plant of the genus Musa, with edible elongated yellow fruits)


persiks

persiks (nominative singular)
persiki (nominative plural)
persiku (accusative singular)
persikus (accusative plural)
persika (genitive singular)
persiku (genitive plural)
persikam (dative singular)
persikiem (dative plural)
persiku (instrumental singular)
persikiem (instrumental plural)
persikā (locative singular)
persikos (locative plural)
persik (singular vocative)
persiki (plural vocative)


vīnoga

vīnoga (nominative singular)
vīnogas (nominative plural)
vīnogu (accusative singular)
vīnogas (accusative plural)
vīnogas (genitive singular)
vīnogu (genitive plural)
vīnogai (dative singular)
vīnogām (dative plural)
vīnogu (instrumental singular)
vīnogām (instrumental plural)
vīnogā (locative singular)
vīnogās (locative plural)
vīnoga (singular vocative)
vīnogas (plural vocative)


argāns

argāns (nominative singular)
argāni (nominative plural)
argānu (accusative singular)
argānus (accusative plural)
argāna (genitive singular)
argānu (genitive plural)
argānam (dative singular)
argāniem (dative plural)
argānu (instrumental singular)
argāniem (instrumental plural)
argānā (locative singular)
argānos (locative plural)
argān (singular vocative)
argāni (plural vocative)

Via other European languages, ultimately borrowed from Tashelhit ⴰⵔⴳⴰⵏ (argan).

auga “Argania spinosa” latviskais nosaukums ir argāns

the Latvian name of the Argania spinosa plant is argāns

argāna koki ir zemi un ļoti ērkšķaini, dažkārt atgādina krūmus un pēc izskata pa gabalu nedaudz līdzīgi olīvkokiem

argan trees are small and very thorny, often reminiscent of bushes and, when seen from a distance, somewhat similar to olive trees

Argania spinosa
Wikispecies:Argania spinosa

argan (a tree of southwestern Morocco, Argania spinosa, particularly prized for its oil)


vīģe

vīģe (nominative singular)
vīģes (nominative plural)
vīģi (accusative singular)
vīģes (accusative plural)
vīģes (genitive singular)
vīģu (genitive plural)
vīģei (dative singular)
vīģēm (dative plural)
vīģi (instrumental singular)
vīģēm (instrumental plural)
vīģē (locative singular)
vīģēs (locative plural)
vīģe (singular vocative)
vīģes (plural vocative)


kizils

kizils (nominative singular)
kizili (nominative plural)
kizilu (accusative singular)
kizilus (accusative plural)
kizila (genitive singular)
kizilu (genitive plural)
kizilam (dative singular)
kiziliem (dative plural)
kizilu (instrumental singular)
kiziliem (instrumental plural)
kizilā (locative singular)
kizilos (locative plural)
kizil (singular vocative)
kizili (plural vocative)


upene

upene (nominative singular)
upenes (nominative plural)
upeni (accusative singular)
upenes (accusative plural)
upenes (genitive singular)
upeņu (genitive plural)
upenei (dative singular)
upenēm (dative plural)
upeni (instrumental singular)
upenēm (instrumental plural)
upenē (locative singular)
upenēs (locative plural)
upene (singular vocative)
upenes (plural vocative)


ievoga

ievoga (nominative singular)
ievogas (nominative plural)
ievogu (accusative singular)
ievogas (accusative plural)
ievogas (genitive singular)
ievogu (genitive plural)
ievogai (dative singular)
ievogām (dative plural)
ievogu (instrumental singular)
ievogām (instrumental plural)
ievogā (locative singular)
ievogās (locative plural)
ievoga (singular vocative)
ievogas (plural vocative)


ķirsis

ķirsis (nominative singular)
ķirši (nominative plural)
ķirsi (accusative singular)
ķiršus (accusative plural)
ķirša (genitive singular)
ķiršu (genitive plural)
ķirsim (dative singular)
ķiršiem (dative plural)
ķirsi (instrumental singular)
ķiršiem (instrumental plural)
ķirsī (locative singular)
ķiršos (locative plural)
ķirsi (singular vocative)
ķirši (plural vocative)


kazene

kazene (nominative singular)
kazenes (nominative plural)
kazeni (accusative singular)
kazenes (accusative plural)
kazenes (genitive singular)
kazeņu (genitive plural)
kazenei (dative singular)
kazenēm (dative plural)
kazeni (instrumental singular)
kazenēm (instrumental plural)
kazenē (locative singular)
kazenēs (locative plural)
kazene (singular vocative)
kazenes (plural vocative)


korinte

korinte (nominative singular)
korintes (nominative plural)
korinti (accusative singular)
korintes (accusative plural)
korintes (genitive singular)
korinšu (genitive plural)
korintei (dative singular)
korintēm (dative plural)
korinti (instrumental singular)
korintēm (instrumental plural)
korintē (locative singular)
korintēs (locative plural)
korinte (singular vocative)
korintes (plural vocative)


kaulene

kaulene (nominative singular)
kaulenes (nominative plural)
kauleni (accusative singular)
kaulenes (accusative plural)
kaulenes (genitive singular)
kauleņu (genitive plural)
kaulenei (dative singular)
kaulenēm (dative plural)
kauleni (instrumental singular)
kaulenēm (instrumental plural)
kaulenē (locative singular)
kaulenēs (locative plural)
kaulene (singular vocative)
kaulenes (plural vocative)


zilene

zilene (nominative singular)
zilenes (nominative plural)
zileni (accusative singular)
zilenes (accusative plural)
zilenes (genitive singular)
zileņu (genitive plural)
zilenei (dative singular)
zilenēm (dative plural)
zileni (instrumental singular)
zilenēm (instrumental plural)
zilenē (locative singular)
zilenēs (locative plural)
zilene (singular vocative)
zilenes (plural vocative)


mellene

mellene (nominative singular)
mellenes (nominative plural)
melleni (accusative singular)
mellenes (accusative plural)
mellenes (genitive singular)
melleņu (genitive plural)
mellenei (dative singular)
mellenēm (dative plural)
melleni (instrumental singular)
mellenēm (instrumental plural)
mellenē (locative singular)
mellenēs (locative plural)
mellene (singular vocative)
mellenes (plural vocative)


jāņoga

jāņoga (nominative singular)
jāņogas (nominative plural)
jāņogu (accusative singular)
jāņogas (accusative plural)
jāņogas (genitive singular)
jāņogu (genitive plural)
jāņogai (dative singular)
jāņogām (dative plural)
jāņogu (instrumental singular)
jāņogām (instrumental plural)
jāņogā (locative singular)
jāņogās (locative plural)
jāņoga (singular vocative)
jāņogas (plural vocative)


dzērvene

dzērvene (nominative singular)
dzērvenes (nominative plural)
dzērveni (accusative singular)
dzērvenes (accusative plural)
dzērvenes (genitive singular)
dzērveņu (genitive plural)
dzērvenei (dative singular)
dzērvenēm (dative plural)
dzērveni (instrumental singular)
dzērvenēm (instrumental plural)
dzērvenē (locative singular)
dzērvenēs (locative plural)
dzērvene (singular vocative)
dzērvenes (plural vocative)


plūme

plūme (nominative singular)
plūmes (nominative plural)
plūmi (accusative singular)
plūmes (accusative plural)
plūmes (genitive singular)
plūmju (genitive plural)
plūmei (dative singular)
plūmēm (dative plural)
plūmi (instrumental singular)
plūmēm (instrumental plural)
plūmē (locative singular)
plūmēs (locative plural)
plūme (singular vocative)
plūmes (plural vocative)

From Medieval Latin pruna, from Latin prunum.


klementīns

klementīns (nominative singular)
klementīni (nominative plural)
klementīnu (accusative singular)
klementīnus (accusative plural)
klementīna (genitive singular)
klementīnu (genitive plural)
klementīnam (dative singular)
klementīniem (dative plural)
klementīnu (instrumental singular)
klementīniem (instrumental plural)
klementīnā (locative singular)
klementīnos (locative plural)
klementīn (singular vocative)
klementīni (plural vocative)


kokosrieksts

kokosrieksts (nominative singular)
kokosrieksti (nominative plural)
kokosriekstu (accusative singular)
kokosriekstus (accusative plural)
kokosrieksta (genitive singular)
kokosriekstu (genitive plural)
kokosriekstam (dative singular)
kokosriekstiem (dative plural)
kokosriekstu (instrumental singular)
kokosriekstiem (instrumental plural)
kokosriekstā (locative singular)
kokosriekstos (locative plural)
kokosriekst (singular vocative)
kokosrieksti (plural vocative)


greipfrūts

greipfrūts (nominative singular)
greipfrūti (nominative plural)
greipfrūtu (accusative singular)
greipfrūtus (accusative plural)
greipfrūta (genitive singular)
greipfrūtu (genitive plural)
greipfrūtam (dative singular)
greipfrūtiem (dative plural)
greipfrūtu (instrumental singular)
greipfrūtiem (instrumental plural)
greipfrūtā (locative singular)
greipfrūtos (locative plural)
greipfrūt (singular vocative)
greipfrūti (plural vocative)


brūklene

brūklene (nominative singular)
brūklenes (nominative plural)
brūkleni (accusative singular)
brūklenes (accusative plural)
brūklenes (genitive singular)
brūkleņu (genitive plural)
brūklenei (dative singular)
brūklenēm (dative plural)
brūkleni (instrumental singular)
brūklenēm (instrumental plural)
brūklenē (locative singular)
brūklenēs (locative plural)
brūklene (singular vocative)
brūklenes (plural vocative)


laims

laims (nominative singular)
laimi (nominative plural)
laimu (accusative singular)
laimus (accusative plural)
laima (genitive singular)
laimu (genitive plural)
laimam (dative singular)
laimiem (dative plural)
laimu (instrumental singular)
laimiem (instrumental plural)
laimā (locative singular)
laimos (locative plural)
laim (singular vocative)
laimi (plural vocative)


smiltsērkšķis

smiltsērkšķis (nominative singular)
smiltsērkšķi (nominative plural)
smiltsērkšķi (accusative singular)
smiltsērkšķus (accusative plural)
smiltsērkšķa (genitive singular)
smiltsērkšķu (genitive plural)
smiltsērkšķim (dative singular)
smiltsērkšķiem (dative plural)
smiltsērkšķi (instrumental singular)
smiltsērkšķiem (instrumental plural)
smiltsērkšķī (locative singular)
smiltsērkšķos (locative plural)
smiltsērkšķi (singular vocative)
smiltsērkšķi (plural vocative)


aronija

aronija (nominative singular)
aronijas (nominative plural)
aroniju (accusative singular)
aronijas (accusative plural)
aronijas (genitive singular)
aroniju (genitive plural)
aronijai (dative singular)
aronijām (dative plural)
aroniju (instrumental singular)
aronijām (instrumental plural)
aronijā (locative singular)
aronijās (locative plural)
aronija (singular vocative)
aronijas (plural vocative)

Apparently from the scientific name (Aronia) of this plant.

aroniju Ziemeļamerikā var sastapt gan uz klintīm, gan meža biezokņos un purvos

in North America, the chokeberry can be found both on cliffs and in forest thickets and marshes

chokeberry (two species of shrubs of genus Aronia, family Rosaceae, with glossy elliptical leaves, white flowers, and black berries)


pīlādžoga

pīlādžoga (nominative singular)
pīlādžogas (nominative plural)
pīlādžogu (accusative singular)
pīlādžogas (accusative plural)
pīlādžogas (genitive singular)
pīlādžogu (genitive plural)
pīlādžogai (dative singular)
pīlādžogām (dative plural)
pīlādžogu (instrumental singular)
pīlādžogām (instrumental plural)
pīlādžogā (locative singular)
pīlādžogās (locative plural)
pīlādžoga (singular vocative)
pīlādžogas (plural vocative)


aktinīdija

aktinīdija (nominative singular)
aktinīdijas (nominative plural)
aktinīdiju (accusative singular)
aktinīdijas (accusative plural)
aktinīdijas (genitive singular)
aktinīdiju (genitive plural)
aktinīdijai (dative singular)
aktinīdijām (dative plural)
aktinīdiju (instrumental singular)
aktinīdijām (instrumental plural)
aktinīdijā (locative singular)
aktinīdijās (locative plural)
aktinīdija (singular vocative)
aktinīdijas (plural vocative)

Apparently from the scientific name of this plant (genus Actinidia).

aktinīdiju dzimta

aktinīdiju augļi satur daudz C vitamīna

the kiwi fruit contains a lot of vitamin C

parastā aktinīdija ir dekoratīvs 2-7 metrus augsts vīteņaugs ar plānām, iegarenām lapām un ļoti smaržīgiem, baltiem ziediem

the ordinary kiwi plant is a decorative, 2-7m tall climber plant with thin, elongated leaves and very fragrant white flowers

kiwi plant (a climber plant of the genus Actinidia with green or yellowish fruits that contain vitamin C)


zemene

zemene (nominative singular)
zemenes (nominative plural)
zemeni (accusative singular)
zemenes (accusative plural)
zemenes (genitive singular)
zemeņu (genitive plural)
zemenei (dative singular)
zemenēm (dative plural)
zemeni (instrumental singular)
zemenēm (instrumental plural)
zemenē (locative singular)
zemenēs (locative plural)
zemene (singular vocative)
zemenes (plural vocative)


arbūzs

arbūzs (nominative singular)
arbūzi (nominative plural)
arbūzu (accusative singular)
arbūzus (accusative plural)
arbūza (genitive singular)
arbūzu (genitive plural)
arbūzam (dative singular)
arbūziem (dative plural)
arbūzu (instrumental singular)
arbūziem (instrumental plural)
arbūzā (locative singular)
arbūzos (locative plural)
arbūz (singular vocative)
arbūzi (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Russian арбуз (arbuz), itself ultimately borrowed from Persian خربز (xarboz).

arbūzu sēklas, dēsti, lapas

sēt arbūzus

arbūzus ļoti daudz audzē kā tīrumu augu dienvidu republikās

watermelons are often planted as field plants in the southern republics

kādā ieplakā starp divām sāļainām augstienēm pletās arbūzu lauks

in an empty space between two saline highlands there was a watermelon plantation

Citrullus lanatus
Citrullus lanatus#Translingual

watermelon (a plant — Citrullus lanatus — of the family Cucurbitaceae, with large, juicy fruits)


dilles

dilles (nominative plural)
dilles (accusative plural)
diļļu (genitive plural)
dillēm (dative plural)
dillēm (instrumental plural)
dillēs (locative plural)
dilles (plural vocative)


kālis

kālis (nominative singular)
kāļi (nominative plural)
kāli (accusative singular)
kāļus (accusative plural)
kāļa (genitive singular)
kāļu (genitive plural)
kālim (dative singular)
kāļiem (dative plural)
kāli (instrumental singular)
kāļiem (instrumental plural)
kālī (locative singular)
kāļos (locative plural)
kāli (singular vocative)
kāļi (plural vocative)


rutks

rutks (nominative singular)
rutki (nominative plural)
rutku (accusative singular)
rutkus (accusative plural)
rutka (genitive singular)
rutku (genitive plural)
rutkam (dative singular)
rutkiem (dative plural)
rutku (instrumental singular)
rutkiem (instrumental plural)
rutkā (locative singular)
rutkos (locative plural)
rutk (singular vocative)
rutki (plural vocative)

radish (radish with white or black root)


puravs

puravs (nominative singular)
puravi (nominative plural)
puravu (accusative singular)
puravus (accusative plural)
purava (genitive singular)
puravu (genitive plural)
puravam (dative singular)
puraviem (dative plural)
puravu (instrumental singular)
puraviem (instrumental plural)
puravā (locative singular)
puravos (locative plural)
purav (singular vocative)
puravi (plural vocative)


granāts

granāts (nominative singular)
granāti (nominative plural)
granātu (accusative singular)
granātus (accusative plural)
granāta (genitive singular)
granātu (genitive plural)
granātam (dative singular)
granātiem (dative plural)
granātu (instrumental singular)
granātiem (instrumental plural)
granātā (locative singular)
granātos (locative plural)
granāt (singular vocative)
granāti (plural vocative)


batāte

batāte (nominative singular)
batātes (nominative plural)
batāti (accusative singular)
batātes (accusative plural)
batātes (genitive singular)
batāšu (genitive plural)
batātei (dative singular)
batātēm (dative plural)
batāti (instrumental singular)
batātēm (instrumental plural)
batātē (locative singular)
batātēs (locative plural)
batāte (singular vocative)
batātes (plural vocative)


redīss

redīss (nominative singular)
redīsi (nominative plural)
redīsu (accusative singular)
redīsus (accusative plural)
redīsa (genitive singular)
redīsu (genitive plural)
redīsam (dative singular)
redīsiem (dative plural)
redīsu (instrumental singular)
redīsiem (instrumental plural)
redīsā (locative singular)
redīsos (locative plural)
redīs (singular vocative)
redīsi (plural vocative)


saldais kartupelis

saldais kartupelis (nominative singular)
saldie kartupeļi (nominative plural)
saldo kartupeli (accusative singular)
saldos kartupeļus (accusative plural)
saldā kartupeļa (genitive singular)
saldo kartupeļu (genitive plural)
saldajam kartupelim (dative singular)
saldajiem kartupeļiem (dative plural)
saldo kartupeli (instrumental singular)
saldajiem kartupeļiem (instrumental plural)
saldajā kartupelī (locative singular)
saldajos kartupeļos (locative plural)
saldo kartupeli (singular vocative)
saldais kartupeli (singular vocative)
saldie kartupeļi (plural vocative)


melnaugļu aronija

melnaugļu aronija (nominative singular)
melnaugļu aronijas (nominative plural)
melnaugļu aroniju (accusative singular)
melnaugļu aronijas (accusative plural)
melnaugļu aronijas (genitive singular)
melnaugļu aroniju (genitive plural)
melnaugļu aronijai (dative singular)
melnaugļu aronijām (dative plural)
melnaugļu aroniju (instrumental singular)
melnaugļu aronijām (instrumental plural)
melnaugļu aronijā (locative singular)
melnaugļu aronijās (locative plural)
melnaugļu aronija (singular vocative)
melnaugļu aronijas (plural vocative)

melnaugļu aronija zied maijā

melnaugļu aronijas dzimtene ir Ziemeļamerika

the homeland of the black chokeberry is North America

Aronia melanocarpa
Wikispecies:Aronia melanocarpa

black chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa, a shrub of the family Rosaceae)

melnaugļu aronijas sula

black chokeberry (the fruit of that shrub)


tabakmaks

tabakmaks (nominative singular)
tabakmaki (nominative plural)
tabakmaku (accusative singular)
tabakmakus (accusative plural)
tabakmaka (genitive singular)
tabakmaku (genitive plural)
tabakmakam (dative singular)
tabakmakiem (dative plural)
tabakmaku (instrumental singular)
tabakmakiem (instrumental plural)
tabakmakā (locative singular)
tabakmakos (locative plural)
tabakmak (singular vocative)
tabakmaki (plural vocative)

From tabakas (“tobacco[gen.]”) + maks (“bag, pouch”).

compound

Kaspars sameklēja pīpi, ilgi čamdījās pa kabatām, meklēdams tabakmaku, bet, neatradis to, noglabāja pīpi kabatā

Kaspars found his pipe and felt around in his pockets, looking for (his) tobacco pouch, then, not having found it, he put his pipe back in his pocket

dāvāja Viņauku Mārtiņam kāda meita tabakmaku skaistiem vilnas pušķiem aizvelkamās aukliņas galos

some girl had given Mārtiņš Vinauks a tobacco pouch with beautiful woollen ends in its drawstring

tobacco pouch (small bag or pouch for keeping tobacco)


mieži

mieži (nominative plural)
miežus (accusative plural)
miežu (genitive plural)
miežiem (dative plural)
miežiem (instrumental plural)
miežos (locative plural)
mieži (plural vocative)


kabacis

kabacis (nominative singular)
kabači (nominative plural)
kabaci (accusative singular)
kabačus (accusative plural)
kabača (genitive singular)
kabaču (genitive plural)
kabacim (dative singular)
kabačiem (dative plural)
kabaci (instrumental singular)
kabačiem (instrumental plural)
kabacī (locative singular)
kabačos (locative plural)
kabaci (singular vocative)
kabači (plural vocative)


koksne

koksne (nominative singular)
koksnes (nominative plural)
koksni (accusative singular)
koksnes (accusative plural)
koksnes (genitive singular)
kokšņu (genitive plural)
koksnei (dative singular)
koksnēm (dative plural)
koksni (instrumental singular)
koksnēm (instrumental plural)
koksnē (locative singular)
koksnēs (locative plural)
koksne (singular vocative)
koksnes (plural vocative)

wood (substance making up the central part of the trunk and branches of a tree)


rozīne

rozīne (nominative singular)
rozīnes (nominative plural)
rozīni (accusative singular)
rozīnes (accusative plural)
rozīnes (genitive singular)
rozīņu (genitive plural)
rozīnei (dative singular)
rozīnēm (dative plural)
rozīni (instrumental singular)
rozīnēm (instrumental plural)
rozīnē (locative singular)
rozīnēs (locative plural)
rozīne (singular vocative)
rozīnes (plural vocative)