bumbieris

bumbieris (nominative singular)
bumbieri (nominative plural)
bumbieri (accusative singular)
bumbierus (accusative plural)
bumbiera (genitive singular)
bumbieru (genitive plural)
bumbierim (dative singular)
bumbieriem (dative plural)
bumbieri (instrumental singular)
bumbieriem (instrumental plural)
bumbierī (locative singular)
bumbieros (locative plural)
bumbieri (singular vocative)
bumbieri (plural vocative)

bumbieru sula

bumbieru kompots

žāvēti bumbieri

ēst bumbieri


kajaks

kajaks (nominative singular)
kajaki (nominative plural)
kajaku (accusative singular)
kajakus (accusative plural)
kajaka (genitive singular)
kajaku (genitive plural)
kajakam (dative singular)
kajakiem (dative plural)
kajaku (instrumental singular)
kajakiem (instrumental plural)
kajakā (locative singular)
kajakos (locative plural)
kajak (singular vocative)
kajaki (plural vocative)

Apparently borrowed from Estonian kajakas (“seagull”), dialectal kajak, but, given Latvian kaija (“seagull”), and since ak is a formative element often found in Indo-European animal names, Latvian kajaks may have been the original word and Estonian kajakas the borrowing.

kajaku brēcieni

mazāk pie mums Latvijā ligzdo kajaks, un tam līdzīgā, krietni prāvākā sudrabkaija

less (often) the common gull nests by us in Latvia, and also the similar, (but) much larger, silver gull

common gull, also known as mew gull (Larus canus).


lapsene

lapsene (nominative singular)
lapsenes (nominative plural)
lapseni (accusative singular)
lapsenes (accusative plural)
lapsenes (genitive singular)
lapseņu (genitive plural)
lapsenei (dative singular)
lapsenēm (dative plural)
lapseni (instrumental singular)
lapsenēm (instrumental plural)
lapsenē (locative singular)
lapsenēs (locative plural)
lapsene (singular vocative)
lapsenes (plural vocative)

From an earlier *lapsa + -ene, modified from *vapsa under the influence of lapsa (“fox”), from Proto-Balto-Slavic *wáps, from Proto-Indo-European *wóps, from a stem *webʰ- with different meanings (perhaps different homophonous stems): “to weave, to braid” (so that the wasps would have originally been seen as “those that weave (their own nest)”), and also “to scurry, to dart, to teem” (“teeming, darting insects”). Cognates include Lithuanian vapsvà, dialectal vapsà, Old Prussian wobse, Proto-Slavic *osa (Russian, Ukrainian оса́ (osá), Belarusian аса́ (asá), асва́ (asvá), Czech vosa, Polish osa), Old High German wefsa, wafsa, German Wespe, Latin vespa (< *wospā), Ossetian ӕвз- (ævz-), ӕфс (æfs, “bee”) (< Proto-Iranian *wabza-, *wapsa-).

lapseņu ligzda, pūznis

lapsenes kodiens

lapsenes dzēlums

lapseņu spiets

vientuļās, sabiedriskās lapsenes

domas pa galvu kā lapsenes šaudās

thoughts shoot around like wasps in his head

lielās, strīpotās lapsenes lidoja sirdīgi ap caurumu

the large, striped wasps flew angrily around the hole

wasp (many species of stinging flying insects resembling bees)


kuce

kuce (nominative singular)
kuces (nominative plural)
kuci (accusative singular)
kuces (accusative plural)
kuces (genitive singular)
kuču (genitive plural)
kucei (dative singular)
kucēm (dative plural)
kuci (instrumental singular)
kucēm (instrumental plural)
kucē (locative singular)
kucēs (locative plural)
kuce (singular vocative)
kuces (plural vocative)

mums ir ļoti gudra kuce

kuce ar kucēniem

grūsna kuce


kaija

kaija (nominative singular)
kaijas (nominative plural)
kaiju (accusative singular)
kaijas (accusative plural)
kaijas (genitive singular)
kaiju (genitive plural)
kaijai (dative singular)
kaijām (dative plural)
kaiju (instrumental singular)
kaijām (instrumental plural)
kaijā (locative singular)
kaijās (locative plural)
kaija (singular vocative)
kaijas (plural vocative)

Ultimately a sound symbolic word, based on the seagull's squawk (kai, ke; cf. Russian чайка (čajka)).

kaiju bars

kaiju dzimta

kaijas un albatrosi milzīgiem bariem aplido kuģi

gulls and albatrosses flew around the ship in huge groups

gull, seagull (sea bird of family Laridae, especially genus Larus)


trusis

trusis (nominative singular)
truši (nominative plural)
trusi (accusative singular)
trušus (accusative plural)
truša (genitive singular)
trušu (genitive plural)
trusim (dative singular)
trušiem (dative plural)
trusi (instrumental singular)
trušiem (instrumental plural)
trusī (locative singular)
trušos (locative plural)
trusi (singular vocative)
truši (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Belarusian трусь (trusʹ), or perhaps from Polish truś. This word is first mentioned in 17th-century dictionaries as truš, trušs, later (18th–19th centuries) in competition with other borrowings (kraliņš from Russian кролик (krolik) or kaninķenis, kaninķins from German Kaninchen). In the 19th century, the most frequent forms were trusis and trušis, also truše; only in the 20th century did the current form become dominant.

mājas trusis

savvaļas trusis

trušu vila

trušu āda

Oryctolagus cuniculus
Oryctolagus cuniculus#Translingual


ananass

ananass (nominative singular)
ananasi (nominative plural)
ananasu (accusative singular)
ananasus (accusative plural)
ananasa (genitive singular)
ananasu (genitive plural)
ananasam (dative singular)
ananasiem (dative plural)
ananasu (instrumental singular)
ananasiem (instrumental plural)
ananasā (locative singular)
ananasos (locative plural)
ananas (singular vocative)
ananasi (plural vocative)

From German Ananas, from Portuguese ananás, originally from Old Tupi nanas (“excellent fruit”).

ananasu plantācijas

kultivēt ananasus

svarīgs kultūraugs ir ananass, kas savvaļā aug Vidusamerikā

the pineapple, which grows wild in Central America, is an important crop

Ananas comosus
Ananas comosus#Translingual

pineapple (tropical plant with big, juicy, aromatic fruit, esp. Ananas comosus)


aploks

aploks (nominative singular)
aploki (nominative plural)
aploku (accusative singular)
aplokus (accusative plural)
aploka (genitive singular)
aploku (genitive plural)
aplokam (dative singular)
aplokiem (dative plural)
aploku (instrumental singular)
aplokiem (instrumental plural)
aplokā (locative singular)
aplokos (locative plural)
aplok (singular vocative)
aploki (plural vocative)

cūku aploks

teļu aploks

turēt govis aplokā

viņa katru rītu paganīja lopus un zirgu uz papuves un tade sadzina aplokā

every morning she took the (farm) animals and the horse to the fallow to graze and then brought them (back) to the corral

enclosure for farm animals to live or to graze, corral, pen, paddock, enclosed pasture


krūms

krūms (nominative singular)
krūmi (nominative plural)
krūmu (accusative singular)
krūmus (accusative plural)
krūma (genitive singular)
krūmu (genitive plural)
krūmam (dative singular)
krūmiem (dative plural)
krūmu (instrumental singular)
krūmiem (instrumental plural)
krūmā (locative singular)
krūmos (locative plural)
krūm (singular vocative)
krūmi (plural vocative)

Probably by metathesis from *kurms (with ur̄ > rū, yielding a long vowel), from Proto-Baltic *kurmas, from Proto-Indo-European *kr̥-mo-s, from the zero grade *kr̥- of *ker-, *sker- (“to turn, to bend”) (whence also Latvian cers, q.v.). The semantic evolution was probably: “to turn, to bend” > “(object) bent, twisted (into a circle)” > “lumps, clumps, clusters” > “plant resembling/forming lumps, clumps, clusters; bush, shrub.” Cognates include Lithuanian krū́mas, Old Prussian kirno.

lazdu, ceriņu, rožu krūms

ērkšķu krūms

krūmu audze

krūmu puduris

aronija ir vidēja lieluma daudzgadīgs krūms ar spīdīgām, eliptiskām lapām, baltiem ziediem

aronia is a perennial bush of average size with glossy elliptical leaves (and) white flowers

amerikāņu krūmu asterēm ir lieli ziedi ar stingriem kātiem

the American aster bushes have large flowers with strong stems

bush, shrub (perennial plant with several wooden stems but without a main stem or trunk)

iziet cauri krūmiem

krūmu vista

dwarf chicken (bird from India, similar to a chicken; lit. bush chicken)

krūmos uzkalnītē kāds pamanīja 45 milimetru lielgabalu

in the bushes on the hilltop someone noticed a 45-milimiter cannon

(usually plural) bush grove, bush clump; shrubbery (a place where bushes, shrubs grow)


kāposti

kāposti (nominative plural)
kāpostus (accusative plural)
kāpostu (genitive plural)
kāpostiem (dative plural)
kāpostiem (instrumental plural)
kāpostos (locative plural)
kāposti (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Old East Slavic капуста (kapusta) (cf. Russian капу́ста (kapústa)), itself a borrowing based on the merging of two Latin words, caputium (“head of cabbage”) and compos(i)ta (“compound vegetables”). This word must have been borrowed before the 13th century, when Old East Slavic у was still pronounced as o. Its first occurrence is in 16th-century dictionaries.

audzēt kāpostus

kāpostu galviņa, kāpostgalviņa

vārīt kāpostus

kāpostu pīrāgs

Brassica oleracea
Brassica oleracea#Translingual

cabbage (a type of leafy vegetable, especially Brassica oleracea)


rudzi

rudzi (nominative plural)
rudzus (accusative plural)
rudzu (genitive plural)
rudziem (dative plural)
rudziem (instrumental plural)
rudzos (locative plural)
rudzi (plural vocative)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *rugís, from Proto-Indo-European *Hrugʰís. Cognates include Lithuanian rugỹs, rugiaĩ, Old Prussian rugis, ruggis, Proto-Slavic *rъžь (Russian рожь (rožʹ), Ukrainian рожь (rožʹ), Bulgarian ръж (rǎž), Czech rež, Polish reż), Proto-Germanic *rugiz (Old High German rocko, German Roggen, Dutch rogge, Old English ryge, English rye,
Old Norse rugr, Swedish råg, Danish rug).

sēt, pļaut rudzus

lopi sagājuši rudzos

pūrs rudzu

malt rudzus

rudzu maize

rye (a grass, Secale sereale, or its grains, used for food or fodder)


burkāns

burkāns (nominative singular)
burkāni (nominative plural)
burkānu (accusative singular)
burkānus (accusative plural)
burkāna (genitive singular)
burkānu (genitive plural)
burkānam (dative singular)
burkāniem (dative plural)
burkānu (instrumental singular)
burkāniem (instrumental plural)
burkānā (locative singular)
burkānos (locative plural)
burkān (singular vocative)
burkāni (plural vocative)

The word is first mentioned in Latvian in 17th-century dictionaries. It is a heavily discussed word spread around Baltic Sea, up to Russian бурка́н (burkán), борка́н (borkán) and Finnish porkkana, Estonian porgand, Livonian borkõn, borkõnz, borkkiņ, the immediate sources of which are unknown but are sought in any of the neighbouring Indo-European languages. Possible scenarios:
* It is a borrowing from Baltic German Burkane, from Middle Low German, itself
** from Old Frisian bure, burre (“conic root; top of a stake, pile (in the ground)”) + a diminutive suffix -ken, -kan (cf. the Old Frisian reduced form burke (“little root”)). But it is dubious that the diminutive suffix would get a long vowel and even become stressed. In turn it is tempting to assume in this constellation that the German is from Latvian. One needs to ask why this word has prominence only in the extreme fringes of the German and Russian language areas respectively.
** from Burgundian rule over the Netherlands, hence the word would just reflected the country name Burgundy. This is backed by the observation of the carrot plant’s spread in the Late Middle Ages from the Mediterranean over Middle Europe to Northeast Europe. But the transmitting forms of Low German and Dutch dialects are in question.
* It is from a Proto-Indo-European *br̥k, *mr̥k with reflexes in Lithuanian burkūnas, burkañtas, Ancient Greek βράκανα (brákana), Russian борка́н, бурка́н (borkán, burkán) on the one hand and Proto-Slavic *mъrky and Proto-Germanic *murhǭ on the other.
* It is from a non-Indo-European substrate language which had an alternation that explains the anlaut variation between the voiced bilabial plosive and the voiced bilabial nasal of the aforementioned words. Ancient Greek βράκανα (brákana, “wild vegetables”) is a random correspondence if not remotely related via the source language of this word.
* The Baltic words are possibly from a non-Indo-European substrate language and German and Russian derive from Latvian. Proto-Slavic *mъrky and Proto-Germanic *murhǭ are random correspondences, possibly from an unrelated substrate.

unk

discussed

cog

борка́н, бурка́н

galda burkāns

lopbarības burkāns

burkānu vaga

burkānu lauks

ravēt burkānus

burkānu kaitēkļi

no savvaļas burkāna krustojot izaudzēts lauku burkāns

by crossing wild carrots the field carrot was grown

Daucus carota
Daucus carota#Translingual

carrot (a plant with a large edible root, often orange in colour, esp. Daucus carota)

dzert burkānu sulu

burkānu salāti

tīrīt burkānus

pagrabos glabā kartupeļus, burkānus, bietes un citas saknes

in the cellars one stores potatoes, carrots, beets and other roots

Tenis atkal piesarka kā burkāns

carrot (the edible root of that plant, often orange in colour and used as a vegetable)


gulbis

gulbis (nominative singular)
gulbji (nominative plural)
gulbi (accusative singular)
gulbjus (accusative plural)
gulbja (genitive singular)
gulbju (genitive plural)
gulbim (dative singular)
gulbjiem (dative plural)
gulbi (instrumental singular)
gulbjiem (instrumental plural)
gulbī (locative singular)
gulbjos (locative plural)
gulbi (singular vocative)
gulbji (plural vocative)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *gulbis, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰelh₃- (“to flourish, shine, be joyful”). Balto-Slavic cognates include Lithuanian gulbìs (“swan”), Old Prussian gulbis (“swan”), Proto-Slavic *gъlbь.


sīpols

sīpols (nominative singular)
sīpoli (nominative plural)
sīpolu (accusative singular)
sīpolus (accusative plural)
sīpola (genitive singular)
sīpolu (genitive plural)
sīpolam (dative singular)
sīpoliem (dative plural)
sīpolu (instrumental singular)
sīpoliem (instrumental plural)
sīpolā (locative singular)
sīpolos (locative plural)
sīpol (singular vocative)
sīpoli (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Middle Dutch sipol (cf. Middle Low German sipolle, German Zwiebel), itself a borrowing from Italian cipollo, from Latin cīpulla, cepulla, the diminutive form of cēpa, of uncertain origin (perhaps a borrowing from an unattested Ancient Greek word.)

gladiolu, tulpju sīpols

ķiplokam ir salikts sīpols, kas sastāv no vairākiem patstāvīgiem sīpoliem, un katra nolauztā ķiploka daiva izveido jaunu augu

garlic has a compound bulb which consists of several independent bulbs, and every clove of garlic that breaks off originates a new plant

(botany) bulb (a modification of the stem and shriveled leaves of certain plants, among which onions, which accumulates nutrients)


dārzājs

dārzājs (nominative singular)
dārzāji (nominative plural)
dārzāju (accusative singular)
dārzājus (accusative plural)
dārzāja (genitive singular)
dārzāju (genitive plural)
dārzājam (dative singular)
dārzājiem (dative plural)
dārzāju (instrumental singular)
dārzājiem (instrumental plural)
dārzājā (locative singular)
dārzājos (locative plural)
dārzāj (singular vocative)
dārzāji (plural vocative)

Coined in the 1860s by Juris Alunāns, from dārzs (“garden”) + -ājs.

audzēt dārzājus

labs dzelzs avots ir lapu dārzāji

leafy vegetables are a good source of iron

no dārzājiem izlieto bumbuļus (kartupeļi, topinambūri), saknes (burkāni, bietes, kāļi), stublājus un ziedus (rabarberi, sparģeli, puķu kāposti), lapas (kāposti, spināti, salāti, puravi), augļus (gurķi, ķirbji, melones, tomāti, baklažāni)

from vegetables one uses tubers (potatoes, artichokes), roots (carrots, beets, swedes), stems and lowers (rhubarb, asparagus, cauliflower), leaves (cabbage, spinach, lettuce, leeks), (and) fruits (cucumber, squash, mellon, tomato, eggplant)

(chiefly in the plural) vegetable (herbaceous plants with juicy edible parts; cucumber, tomato, lettuce, cabbage, potato, etc.)


rīss

rīss (nominative singular)
rīsi (nominative plural)
rīsu (accusative singular)
rīsus (accusative plural)
rīsa (genitive singular)
rīsu (genitive plural)
rīsam (dative singular)
rīsiem (dative plural)
rīsu (instrumental singular)
rīsiem (instrumental plural)
rīsā (locative singular)
rīsos (locative plural)
rīs (singular vocative)
rīsi (plural vocative)

Via other European languages, ultimately borrowed from Ancient Greek ὄρυζα (óruza), ὄρυζον (óruzon), itself a borrowing from Asian languages, probably ultimately from Dravidian, via Sanskrit व्रीहि (vrīhí). The specifics are still debated.

pulētie rīsi

rīsu milti

rīsu zupa, biezputra, pudiņš

piena zupa ar rīsiem

daudzās valstīs, piemēram, Ķīnā, Indijā, Japānā, Pakistānā, Indonēzijā, rīsi ir glavenais uzturlīdzeklis

in many countries, for instance, China, India, Japan, Pakistan, Indonesia, rice is the staple food

rice (the edible grains, seeds of this plant, eaten as food)


salāts

salāts (nominative singular)
salāti (nominative plural)
salātu (accusative singular)
salātus (accusative plural)
salāta (genitive singular)
salātu (genitive plural)
salātam (dative singular)
salātiem (dative plural)
salātu (instrumental singular)
salātiem (instrumental plural)
salātā (locative singular)
salātos (locative plural)
salāt (singular vocative)
salāti (plural vocative)

Via other European languages (cf. French salade, German Salat, Russian сала́т (salát)), ultimately a borrowing from Vulgar Latin salāta, from saliō (“to salt”), from sal (“salt”), apparently initially a reference to the sauce (e.g., “salted vegetables”).

dārzeņu, biešu, burkānu salāti

augļu salāti

sēņu salāti

gaļas salāti

salātu trauks

izmērcētas pupiņas novāra, gurķus sarīvē skaidās, tomātus sagriež šķēlītēs, lokus sīki sasmalcina... visas salātu sastāvdaļas samaisa...

one cooks the seasoned beans, one cuts the cucumbers into slivers, the tomatoes into slices, the chive into small pieces... all (these) salad ingredients are (then) mixed...

aukstajā galdā dažādus salātus pasniedz kā papildinājumu gaļas un zivju ēdieniem

in a cold table (= table with cold foods), some kinds of salads are served as complement to meat and fish dishes

(usually plural) salad (food consisting of fresh or cooked vegetables, perhaps with meat or fish, all cut together and served with sauce, oil, or vinegar)


stāds

stāds (nominative singular)
stādi (nominative plural)
stādu (accusative singular)
stādus (accusative plural)
stāda (genitive singular)
stādu (genitive plural)
stādam (dative singular)
stādiem (dative plural)
stādu (instrumental singular)
stādiem (instrumental plural)
stādā (locative singular)
stādos (locative plural)
stād (singular vocative)
stādi (plural vocative)

From Proto-Baltic *stādas, from Proto-Indo-European *stā-, *steh₂- (“to stand, to place”) (whence also stāt, stāvēt, q.v.) with an extra suffix *-dʰo. The original meaning was probably “that which stands”, from which “that which was planted (and is standing)”. Cognates include Lithuanian stõdai (“untrimmed vegetable seedlings”), stõdas (“herd of animals”) (< “stand, stall”), Russian, Ukrainian ста́до (stádo, “herd of animals”), Czech stádo (“herd of animals”), Polish stado (“herd of animals”), Old Norse stód (“stall; herd of horses”), Old English stōd (“enclosure for horses”), Middle Low German stōt, stōd (“enclosure for horses”), Ancient Greek σταδμός (stadmós, “state; stand, stall; weight”), σταδιός (stadiós, “vertical, standing, immobile”).

cog

tomātu stāds

kāpostu stāds

atnest no meža egļu stādu

to bring a spruce seedling from the forest

puķu stādus pa lielākai daļai izaudzē lecektīs agrā pavasarī un pēc tam izstāda puķu dobēs

flowering plants for the most part are grown in frames in early spring and then planted into flower beds

zemeņu jau te nav nevienam... es pati atvedu stādus; kad gadījās laba raža, pa druskai pārdevām citiem

there aren't any strawberries here anymore... I myself have brought (strawberry) plants, bushes; when there is a good harvest, we will sell them to other people in small amounts

kokaudzētava “Kreiči” apgādā adminsitratīvā rajona saimniecības ar augļu koku stādiem

the tree nursery “Kreiči” provides the farms of this administrative district with fruit tree seedlings

plant, plantlet, seedling (young, usually not large plant, which was grown from planted seeds, cuttings, etc. and, if need be, transferred to a permanent place)


piekūns

piekūns (nominative singular)
piekūni (nominative plural)
piekūnu (accusative singular)
piekūnus (accusative plural)
piekūna (genitive singular)
piekūnu (genitive plural)
piekūnam (dative singular)
piekūniem (dative plural)
piekūnu (instrumental singular)
piekūniem (instrumental plural)
piekūnā (locative singular)
piekūnos (locative plural)
piekūn (singular vocative)
piekūni (plural vocative)


aprikoze

aprikoze (nominative singular)
aprikozes (nominative plural)
aprikozi (accusative singular)
aprikozes (accusative plural)
aprikozes (genitive singular)
aprikožu (genitive plural)
aprikozei (dative singular)
aprikozēm (dative plural)
aprikozi (instrumental singular)
aprikozēm (instrumental plural)
aprikozē (locative singular)
aprikozēs (locative plural)
aprikoze (singular vocative)
aprikozes (plural vocative)

Via other European languages, ultimately borrowed from Arabic الْبَرْقُوق (al-barqūq, “plums”), itself from Byzantine Greek βερικοκκῐ́ᾱ (berikokkíā, “apricot tree”), from Ancient Greek πραικὄκῐον (praikókion), from Late Latin (persica) praecocia (literally “over-ripe (peaches)”), (mālum) praecoquum (literally “over-ripe (apple)”).

uder

stādīt, kultivēt aprikozes

dārznieks nolēma radīt jaunas augļu koku un ogulāju šķirnes, bet dienvidu august - aprikozes, vīnogas, saldos ķiršus - sākt audzēt arī ziemeļos

the gardener decided to create new fruit and berry trees, but the southern plants - apricots, grapes, sweet cherries - are now beginning to grow also in the north

Prunus armeniaca
Prunus armeniaca#Translingual

apricot (tree of the family Rosaceae, especially Prunus armeniaca, with orange fruits)


bumbiere

bumbiere (nominative singular)
bumbieres (nominative plural)
bumbieri (accusative singular)
bumbieres (accusative plural)
bumbieres (genitive singular)
bumbieru (genitive plural)
bumbierei (dative singular)
bumbierēm (dative plural)
bumbieri (instrumental singular)
bumbierēm (instrumental plural)
bumbierē (locative singular)
bumbierēs (locative plural)
bumbiere (singular vocative)
bumbieres (plural vocative)

bumbieres koksne

vasaras bumbiere

bumbieru kaitēkļi

bumbieru slimības

stādīt bumbieres

potēt bumbieres


cirslis

cirslis (nominative singular)
ciršļi (nominative plural)
cirsli (accusative singular)
ciršļus (accusative plural)
ciršļa (genitive singular)
ciršļu (genitive plural)
cirslim (dative singular)
ciršļiem (dative plural)
cirsli (instrumental singular)
ciršļiem (instrumental plural)
cirslī (locative singular)
ciršļos (locative plural)
cirsli (singular vocative)
ciršļi (plural vocative)

Derived from cirst (“to cut, to hew, to chop”), from Proto-Baltic *kir-, from Proto-Indo-European *ker-, *kr̥- (“to cut”). The semantic evolution was probably “to cut” > “to chop”, also “to gnaw, to bite, to pierce”, whence cirslis “gnawer”. Cognates include Lithuanian kar̃stas, kertùkas, kirstukas, Ukrainian черте́ц (čertéc).

ūdens cirslis

mazais cirslis

ciršļa ala


gailis

gailis (nominative singular)
gaiļi (nominative plural)
gaili (accusative singular)
gaiļus (accusative plural)
gaiļa (genitive singular)
gaiļu (genitive plural)
gailim (dative singular)
gaiļiem (dative plural)
gaili (instrumental singular)
gaiļiem (instrumental plural)
gailī (locative singular)
gaiļos (locative plural)
gaili (singular vocative)
gaiļi (plural vocative)

From *gal-n-o, enlargement of *gl̥H-o, zero-grade of Proto-Indo-European *golH-so.
Cognates include Welsh galw (“call”), English call, Lithuanian gal̃sas (“echo”), Russian го́лос (gólos, “voice”), Polish głos (“voice”), Albanian gjuhë (“voice”)).

lielīgs kā gailis

gaiļa gadi

Gallus gallus
Gallus gallus#Translingual

rooster, cock (male domestic fowl, especially Gallus gallus)


vērsis

vērsis (nominative singular)
vērši (nominative plural)
vērsi (accusative singular)
vēršus (accusative plural)
vērša (genitive singular)
vēršu (genitive plural)
vērsim (dative singular)
vēršiem (dative plural)
vērsi (instrumental singular)
vēršiem (instrumental plural)
vērsī (locative singular)
vēršos (locative plural)
vērsi (singular vocative)
vērši (plural vocative)

From Proto-Indo-European *wers-, *wr̥s- (“male”). Cognates include Lithuanian ver̃šis (“calf; (dialectal) ox”), Old Prussian werstian (“calf”) (maybe *wersistian?), Sanskrit वृष (vṛṣa, “bull; male”), वृषन् (vṛṣan, “man; stallion, ox”), Avestan 𐬬𐬀𐬭𐬱𐬥𐬌 (varšni, “ram”), Latin verrēs (“boar”).

cog

darba vērsis

vēršu pajūgs

vērša gaļa

vēršu cīņas

ox (male cattle, usually castrated, often used as a beast of burden)


tārps

tārps (nominative singular)
tārpi (nominative plural)
tārpu (accusative singular)
tārpus (accusative plural)
tārpa (genitive singular)
tārpu (genitive plural)
tārpam (dative singular)
tārpiem (dative plural)
tārpu (instrumental singular)
tārpiem (instrumental plural)
tārpā (locative singular)
tārpos (locative plural)
tārps (singular vocative)
tārpi (plural vocative)


apelsīns

apelsīns (nominative singular)
apelsīni (nominative plural)
apelsīnu (accusative singular)
apelsīnus (accusative plural)
apelsīna (genitive singular)
apelsīnu (genitive plural)
apelsīnam (dative singular)
apelsīniem (dative plural)
apelsīnu (instrumental singular)
apelsīniem (instrumental plural)
apelsīnā (locative singular)
apelsīnos (locative plural)
apelsīn (singular vocative)
apelsīni (plural vocative)

Apparently borrowed from Low German Appelsina, from Dutch appelsien (now usually sinaasappel), from China and appel, i.e. originally “China apple” (oranges were originally brought to Europe from China).

apelsīnu sugas, ziedi

kultivēt apelsīnus

no Ķīnas citronu, apelsīnu un citu radniecīgu augļu koku kultivēšana pārgāja uz Indiju

the cultivation of lemons, oranges and other related fruit trees went from China to India

Citrus sinensis
Citrus sinensis#Translingual

orange (subtropical fruit tree of genus Citrus, esp. Citrus sinensis, with round, succulent, aromatic fruits)


dārzenis

dārzenis (nominative singular)
dārzeņi (nominative plural)
dārzeni (accusative singular)
dārzeņus (accusative plural)
dārzeņa (genitive singular)
dārzeņu (genitive plural)
dārzenim (dative singular)
dārzeņiem (dative plural)
dārzeni (instrumental singular)
dārzeņiem (instrumental plural)
dārzenī (locative singular)
dārzeņos (locative plural)
dārzeni (singular vocative)
dārzeņi (plural vocative)

lapu dārzeņi

augļu dārzeņi

ziedu dārzeņi

sakņu dārzeņi

dārzeņu kultūras

bietēm, kāļiem, rāceņiem, burkāniem, kāpostiem un citiem dārzeņiem sulīgi, zaļi laksti plētās jau ap Jāņu dienu

the juicy green foliage of beets, swedes, turnips, carrots, cabbages and other vegables was extending itself (= had well grown out) already at about St. John's day


auglis

auglis (nominative singular)
augļi (nominative plural)
augli (accusative singular)
augļus (accusative plural)
augļa (genitive singular)
augļu (genitive plural)
auglim (dative singular)
augļiem (dative plural)
augli (instrumental singular)
augļiem (instrumental plural)
auglī (locative singular)
augļos (locative plural)
augli (singular vocative)
augļi (plural vocative)

From the same stem as augt (“to grow”), with an extra l, made into a masculine second-declension noun (ending -is).

augļa kustības

uzturam grūtniecības laikā ir jāsatur visas augļa attīstībai vajadzīgas vielas

the diet during pregnancy must contain all the substances necessary to the development of the fetus

(embryology) fetus (mammalian organism between the embryonary stage and birth)


augs

augs (nominative singular)
augi (nominative plural)
augu (accusative singular)
augus (accusative plural)
auga (genitive singular)
augu (genitive plural)
augam (dative singular)
augiem (dative plural)
augu (instrumental singular)
augiem (instrumental plural)
augā (locative singular)
augos (locative plural)
aug (singular vocative)
augi (plural vocative)

Coined in 1859 by Heinrihs Kavals, from the same stem as the verb augt, made into a masculine first-declension noun (ending -s), and later popularized by Atis Kronvalds, replacing in this sense the word stāds, now more restricted in its use. The alternative form auģis, proposed in the early 1860s by E. Dinsbergs, never became popular and was soon abandoned.

viengadīgs, divgadīgs, daudzgadīgs augs

savvaļas augi

istabas augs

dekoratīvie augi

ēnas augi

ūdens augi

audzēt lopbarības augus

augu sugas

augu valsts

augu tējas

augu eļļas

zemākie, augstākie augi

auga virszemes daļas

augu slimības

augu fizioloģija

dzirdot vārdu “augi”, vispirms iedomājamies dārzu, druvu, pļavu vai mežu, bet augi sastopami arī ūdenī

hearing the word “plant,” we first think of gardens, fields, meadows or forests, but there are plants also in water

plant (higher living organism capable of photosynthesis: herbs, bushes, trees, etc.)


puķe

puķe (nominative singular)
puķes (nominative plural)
puķi (accusative singular)
puķes (accusative plural)
puķes (genitive singular)
puķu (genitive plural)
puķei (dative singular)
puķēm (dative plural)
puķi (instrumental singular)
puķēm (instrumental plural)
puķē (locative singular)
puķēs (locative plural)
puķe (singular vocative)
puķes (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Livonian puțk, puțkõz (“flower”), related to Finnish putki.


zieds

zieds (nominative singular)
ziedi (nominative plural)
ziedu (accusative singular)
ziedus (accusative plural)
zieda (genitive singular)
ziedu (genitive plural)
ziedam (dative singular)
ziediem (dative plural)
ziedu (instrumental singular)
ziediem (instrumental plural)
ziedā (locative singular)
ziedos (locative plural)
zieds (singular vocative)
ziedi (plural vocative)


ķirbis

ķirbis (nominative singular)
ķirbji (nominative plural)
ķirbi (accusative singular)
ķirbjus (accusative plural)
ķirbja (genitive singular)
ķirbju (genitive plural)
ķirbim (dative singular)
ķirbjiem (dative plural)
ķirbi (instrumental singular)
ķirbjiem (instrumental plural)
ķirbī (locative singular)
ķirbjos (locative plural)
ķirbi (singular vocative)
ķirbji (plural vocative)

Borrowed from German Kürbis, itself borrowed from Latin cucurbita (from an earlier *curbitia, via reduplication). This word is first mentioned in early 18th-century texts, but only in the 19th century did it become really popular and enter the standard literary language. Various expressions had previously been used to refer to this plant, usually comparing it to a cucumber or apple (“big cucumber”, “big apple”, “porridge apple,” “porridge cucumber,” etc.). The ending -s, which is part of the root in German, was reinterpreted as the Latvian Nom. Sg. ending -(i)s and is replaced accordingly in other grammatical cases.

paraistais ķirbis

baltais ķirbis

ziemas ķirbji

ķirbju sēklas

lielaugļu ķirbis

krūmu ķirbis

pumpkin, squash, gourd (plants; fam. Cucurbitaceae)

ķirbju zupa

ķirbju salāti

pumpkin, squash, gourd (fruit of the corresponding plants)


ģimene

ģimene (nominative singular)
ģimenes (nominative plural)
ģimeni (accusative singular)
ģimenes (accusative plural)
ģimenes (genitive singular)
ģimeņu (genitive plural)
ģimenei (dative singular)
ģimenēm (dative plural)
ģimeni (instrumental singular)
ģimenēm (instrumental plural)
ģimenē (locative singular)
ģimenēs (locative plural)
ģimene (singular vocative)
ģimenes (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Lithuanian giminė̃ (“family; kin; genus; gender”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gʷem-, the same root as the verb dzimt (“to be born”) (q.v.); cf. also Sudovian gimna (“family; uncles, their wives”). This borrowing is first attested in writings in the 1870s, with a broader range of meanings (“family, kin, generation, sex, gender”); the current meaning of “family” stabilized at the beginning of the 20th century. In the 1870s, Juris Alunāns attempted to correct it to dzimene (which would be the regular development if the word had not been borrowed), but this form never became popular. It replaced the previous borrowing famīlija (from German Familie).

cog

stārķu ģimene

mežacūku ģimene

tas, ko parasti uzskata par vilku baru, īstenībā ir viena vilku ģimene: veco vilku pāris un viņu šā gada un pērnie vilcēni, kas ziemas sākumā sanāk kopā

that which one usually considers a pack of wolves is actually a family of wolves: an old wolf couple and their wolflings of this year and of the previous year, who get together at the beginning of winter

(zoology) family (a group of animals consisting of a male, a female and their offspring, living and eating together)


zaķis

zaķis (nominative singular)
zaķi (nominative plural)
zaķi (accusative singular)
zaķus (accusative plural)
zaķa (genitive singular)
zaķu (genitive plural)
zaķim (dative singular)
zaķiem (dative plural)
zaķi (instrumental singular)
zaķiem (instrumental plural)
zaķī (locative singular)
zaķos (locative plural)
zaķi (singular vocative)
zaķi (plural vocative)

The origin of this word is unclear. Traditionally, it is explained as a borrowing from Belarusian dialectal за́йка (zájka), reshaped under the influence of kaķis (“cat”), but the similar Sudovian cognate makes this explanation dubious. It is difficult also to make it compatible with the Lithuanian and Slavic cognates. For the Slavic terms, there are various opinions, generally leading up to the Proto-Indo-European stem *ǵʰey- (“to drive, to exhort, to move quickly”). It is possible that the root of all those forms may be some pre-Indo-European word (*ǵa-, *ǵay-, *ǵuy-) to which Indo-European suffixes were attached. Cognates include Lithuanian dialectal zuĩkis, Sudovian zags, Old Church Slavonic заѩць, Russian, Belarusian за́яц (zájac), Ukrainian за́єць (zájecʹ), Czech zajíc, Polish zając.

pelēkais, baltais zaķis

bailīgs kā zaķis

nobijies kā zaķis

Lieldienu zaķis

Lepus europaeus
Lepus europaeus#Translingual


telēns

telēns (nominative singular)
telēni (nominative plural)
telēnu (accusative singular)
telēnus (accusative plural)
telēna (genitive singular)
telēnu (genitive plural)
telēnam (dative singular)
telēniem (dative plural)
telēnu (instrumental singular)
telēniem (instrumental plural)
telēnā (locative singular)
telēnos (locative plural)
telēn (singular vocative)
telēni (plural vocative)


liellops

liellops (nominative singular)
liellopi (nominative plural)
liellopu (accusative singular)
liellopus (accusative plural)
liellopa (genitive singular)
liellopu (genitive plural)
liellopam (dative singular)
liellopiem (dative plural)
liellopu (instrumental singular)
liellopiem (instrumental plural)
liellopā (locative singular)
liellopos (locative plural)
liellop (singular vocative)
liellopi (plural vocative)

From liels (“big”) + lops (“farm animal”).

liellopu gaļa

liellopu tauki

līdzās piena ražošanai mūsu saimniecība nodarbojas ar liellopu audzēšanu gaļai

in addition to milk production, our farm also deals with cattle raising for meat


ķiploks

ķiploks (nominative singular)
ķiploki (nominative plural)
ķiploku (accusative singular)
ķiplokus (accusative plural)
ķiploka (genitive singular)
ķiploku (genitive plural)
ķiplokam (dative singular)
ķiplokiem (dative plural)
ķiploku (instrumental singular)
ķiplokiem (instrumental plural)
ķiplokā (locative singular)
ķiplokos (locative plural)
ķiplok (singular vocative)
ķiploki (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Middle Low German klüflōk (“garlic”) (cf. German Knoblauch, Dutch knoflook), with klüf- from Proto-Germanic *kliuban (“to split, to cut”) and -lōk “onion, leek” (cf. German Lauch, Dutch look, English leek), i.e., originally “split, segmented onion.” This loanword is first mentioned in 17th-century dictionaries.

ziemas ķiploki

savvaļas ķiploks

ķiploka sīpols

tulpes, lilijas, virtuves sīpolus, ķiplokus un vēl citus augus apvieno liliju dzimtā

tulips, lilies, kitchen onions, garlic and still other plants combine (to form) the lily family (Liliaceae)

ķiploki izaug no 20 līdz 100 cm augsti

Allium sativum
Allium sativum#Translingual

garlic (herbaceous plant, sp. Allium sativum, with pungent edible bulbs)


teļš

teļš (nominative singular)
teļi (nominative plural)
teļu (accusative singular)
teļus (accusative plural)
teļa (genitive singular)
teļu (genitive plural)
teļam (dative singular)
teļiem (dative plural)
teļu (instrumental singular)
teļiem (instrumental plural)
teļā (locative singular)
teļos (locative plural)
teļ (singular vocative)
teļi (plural vocative)

audzēt teļus

teļa gaļa

piena teļš

milk calf, calf raised on (mostly or only) milk


gurķis

gurķis (nominative singular)
gurķi (nominative plural)
gurķi (accusative singular)
gurķus (accusative plural)
gurķa (genitive singular)
gurķu (genitive plural)
gurķim (dative singular)
gurķiem (dative plural)
gurķi (instrumental singular)
gurķiem (instrumental plural)
gurķī (locative singular)
gurķos (locative plural)
gurķi (singular vocative)
gurķi (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Middle Low German augurke (cf. German Gurke); the Germanic term is itself a borrowing from Polish ogórek, originally from Greek άγουρος (ágouros) “unripe, immature”) which replaced an earlier term krievāboli.
First attested in 17th-century dictionaries as augurķis, later agurķe, agurķis, also (already in the 17th century) gurķis, it became gurķis, gurķe in 18th-century literature. In the mid-19th century, only the form gurķis remained.

gurķu dobe

gurķa ziedi

gurķu sēklas

gurķu šķirnes

sēt gurķus

laistīt gurķus

audzēt gurķus siltumnīcā

Cucumis sativus
Cucumis sativus#Translingual

cucumber (plant of the family Cucurbitaceae, species Cucumis sativus, often cultivated in gardens for its edible vegetable fruit)


kartupelis

kartupelis (nominative singular)
kartupeļi (nominative plural)
kartupeli (accusative singular)
kartupeļus (accusative plural)
kartupeļa (genitive singular)
kartupeļu (genitive plural)
kartupelim (dative singular)
kartupeļiem (dative plural)
kartupeli (instrumental singular)
kartupeļiem (instrumental plural)
kartupelī (locative singular)
kartupeļos (locative plural)
kartupeli (singular vocative)
kartupeļi (plural vocative)

A borrowing, from Baltic German Kartoffel, Kartuffel (compare Low German Kartuffel, Standard High German Kartoffel, Danish kartoffel), from a Romance language: compare Romansch tartuffel, Italian tartufalo, from tartufo (“truffle”). The Latvian form is first attested at the beginning of the 18th century. A number of other (often unrelated) terms for “potato” exist in Latvian dialects alongside the standard word.

kartupeļu (lakstu) puve

kartupeļu šķirnes

Solanum tuberosum
Solanum tuberosum#Translingual

potato (plant, Solanum tuberosum, with tubers eaten as a starchy vegetable)


ļipa

ļipa (nominative singular)
ļipas (nominative plural)
ļipu (accusative singular)
ļipas (accusative plural)
ļipas (genitive singular)
ļipu (genitive plural)
ļipai (dative singular)
ļipām (dative plural)
ļipu (instrumental singular)
ļipām (instrumental plural)
ļipā (locative singular)
ļipās (locative plural)
ļipa (singular vocative)
ļipas (plural vocative)

Borrowed either from Livonian lip (“weather vane, sheep tail”) or from Estonian lipp, both from Proto-Finnic *lippu.

bor

zaķa ļipa

aitas ļipa

kazas ļipa


teķis

teķis (nominative singular)
teķi (nominative plural)
teķi (accusative singular)
teķus (accusative plural)
teķa (genitive singular)
teķu (genitive plural)
teķim (dative singular)
teķiem (dative plural)
teķi (instrumental singular)
teķiem (instrumental plural)
teķī (locative singular)
teķos (locative plural)
teķi (singular vocative)
teķi (plural vocative)

vaislas teķis

male sheep, ram (especially one not castrated, used for reproduction).


jērs

jērs (nominative singular)
jēri (nominative plural)
jēru (accusative singular)
jērus (accusative plural)
jēra (genitive singular)
jēru (genitive plural)
jēram (dative singular)
jēriem (dative plural)
jēru (instrumental singular)
jēriem (instrumental plural)
jērā (locative singular)
jēros (locative plural)
jēr (singular vocative)
jēri (plural vocative)

Cognate with Lithuanian ėras, Lithuanian ėriukas (“lamb”), and likely also with Latin aries (“ram”), Ancient Greek ἔριφος (ériphos, “goat kid”).

cog

jēra gaļa

lēns kā jērs


kazlēns

kazlēns (nominative singular)
kazlēni (nominative plural)
kazlēnu (accusative singular)
kazlēnus (accusative plural)
kazlēna (genitive singular)
kazlēnu (genitive plural)
kazlēnam (dative singular)
kazlēniem (dative plural)
kazlēnu (instrumental singular)
kazlēniem (instrumental plural)
kazlēnā (locative singular)
kazlēnos (locative plural)
kazlēn (singular vocative)
kazlēni (plural vocative)

Apparently from kaza (“goat”) + -ēns, but the l is unexplained. But Russian козёл (kozjól, “male goat”), with an extra l, suggests an unattested word for 'male goat' (different from āzis) as the source.

kazai piedzimuši divi kazlēni


polārlācis

polārlācis (nominative singular)
polārlāči (nominative plural)
polārlāci (accusative singular)
polārlāčus (accusative plural)
polārlāča (genitive singular)
polārlāču (genitive plural)
polārlācim (dative singular)
polārlāčiem (dative plural)
polārlāci (instrumental singular)
polārlāčiem (instrumental plural)
polārlācī (locative singular)
polārlāčos (locative plural)
polārlāci (singular vocative)
polārlāči (plural vocative)

Ursus maritimus
Ursus maritimus#Translingual


leduslācis

leduslācis (nominative singular)
leduslāči (nominative plural)
leduslāci (accusative singular)
leduslāčus (accusative plural)
leduslāča (genitive singular)
leduslāču (genitive plural)
leduslācim (dative singular)
leduslāčiem (dative plural)
leduslāci (instrumental singular)
leduslāčiem (instrumental plural)
leduslācī (locative singular)
leduslāčos (locative plural)
leduslāci (singular vocative)
leduslāči (plural vocative)


baltais lācis

baltais lācis (nominative singular)
baltie lāči (nominative plural)
balto lāci (accusative singular)
baltos lāčus (accusative plural)
baltā lāča (genitive singular)
balto lāču (genitive plural)
baltajam lācim (dative singular)
baltajiem lāčiem (dative plural)
balto lāci (instrumental singular)
baltajiem lāčiem (instrumental plural)
baltajā lācī (locative singular)
baltajos lāčos (locative plural)
balto lāci (singular vocative)
baltais lāci (singular vocative)
baltie lāči (plural vocative)

A polar bear: a member of species Ursus maritimus.


āzis

āzis (nominative singular)
āži (nominative plural)
āzi (accusative singular)
āžus (accusative plural)
āža (genitive singular)
āžu (genitive plural)
āzim (dative singular)
āžiem (dative plural)
āzi (instrumental singular)
āžiem (instrumental plural)
āzī (locative singular)
āžos (locative plural)
āzi (singular vocative)
āži (plural vocative)

From Proto-Baltic *āž-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂e(y)ǵ- (“goat”). Cognates include Lithuanian ožỹs, Old Prussian wosux (/vōzuks/), Proto-Slavic *azь (Russian язь (jazʹ) “ide (fish)” < “goat”), Sanskrit अज (ajá), Albanian dhi (< *a-dhi), Old Armenian այծ (ayc).

āža bārda, bārdiņa

tiepīgs kā āzis


ķēve

ķēve (nominative singular)
ķēves (nominative plural)
ķēvi (accusative singular)
ķēves (accusative plural)
ķēves (genitive singular)
ķēvju (genitive plural)
ķēvei (dative singular)
ķēvēm (dative plural)
ķēvi (instrumental singular)
ķēvēm (instrumental plural)
ķēvē (locative singular)
ķēvēs (locative plural)
ķēve (singular vocative)
ķēves (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Livonian kēv (“mare”), from Proto-Finnic *keevi (cognate with Proto-Samic *kievë (“reindeer cow”)).

ķēves piens

iebērt ķēvei auzas


bērzs

bērzs (nominative singular)
bērzi (nominative plural)
bērzu (accusative singular)
bērzus (accusative plural)
bērza (genitive singular)
bērzu (genitive plural)
bērzam (dative singular)
bērziem (dative plural)
bērzu (instrumental singular)
bērziem (instrumental plural)
bērzā (locative singular)
bērzos (locative plural)
bērz (singular vocative)
bērzi (plural vocative)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *berźas, *berźā (with the long ē caused by the level intonation: er̄ > ēːr), from *bʰerHǵós.
Dialectal Latvian bērze is closer to Old Prussian, while dialectal Latvian bērza is closer to Slavic. Cognates include Lithuanian béržas, Old Prussian berse, Proto-Slavic *berza, Old English beorc, Old High German birka, English birch, German Birke, Sanskrit भूर्ज (bhūrjá), Latin frāxinus (“ash tree”) (< *bʰr̥Hǵ-s-inos).

bērza lapa, malka, tāss

purva bērzs

āra bērzs

nocirst bērzu

bērzu sula

bērzu slota

sasiet bērza zarus slotā


zīlīte

zīlīte (nominative singular)
zīlītes (nominative plural)
zīlīti (accusative singular)
zīlītes (accusative plural)
zīlītes (genitive singular)
zīlīšu (genitive plural)
zīlītei (dative singular)
zīlītēm (dative plural)
zīlīti (instrumental singular)
zīlītēm (instrumental plural)
zīlītē (locative singular)
zīlītēs (locative plural)
zīlīte (singular vocative)
zīlītes (plural vocative)

meža zīlīte

pelēka zīlīte

purva zīlīte

lielā (speķa, tauku) zīlīte

tit, titmouse (small passerine bird, gen. Parus)


lēca

lēca (nominative singular)
lēcas (nominative plural)
lēcu (accusative singular)
lēcas (accusative plural)
lēcas (genitive singular)
lēcu (genitive plural)
lēcai (dative singular)
lēcām (dative plural)
lēcu (instrumental singular)
lēcām (instrumental plural)
lēcā (locative singular)
lēcās (locative plural)
lēca (singular vocative)
lēcas (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Old East Slavic ляца (ljaca, “lentils”), from Proto-Slavic *lęťa. Because of the roundish, flat seeds of this plant, K. Lībietis used the same word (in 1873) to refer also to the structure inside the eye (crystalline lens), as well as its optical equivalent (lens). In this, he followed the model of German Linse.

vārīt lēcas

briljants lēcas grauda formā

lēcas kultivē cilvēku uzturam no visssenākiem laikiem

one has cultivated lentils for human consumption since the most ancient times

(usually plural) lentils, lens (plant of the genus Lens, cultivated for their edible seeds; the seeds of these plants)

izliekta lēca

ieliekta lēca

kontakta lēca, kontaktlēca

visus refrakcijas anomālijas veidus mēs labojam ar speciāli pagatavotām stikla lēcām

all types of refraction anomalies we (can) correct with specially prepared glass lenses

(optics) lens (a clear, transparent body in various forms, usually made of glass, used to change the direction of incoming light rays so as to produce images)


zīle

zīle (nominative singular)
zīles (nominative plural)
zīli (accusative singular)
zīles (accusative plural)
zīles (genitive singular)
zīļu (genitive plural)
zīlei (dative singular)
zīlēm (dative plural)
zīli (instrumental singular)
zīlēm (instrumental plural)
zīlē (locative singular)
zīlēs (locative plural)
zīle (singular vocative)
zīles (plural vocative)

From Proto-Indo-European *gʷelh₂-. Cognate with Lithuanian gilė.

lasīt zīles

šogad ozoli zīļu pilni

zīļu vainags

tērps nošūts ar dažādu krāsu zīlēm

a dress adorned with beads of various colors

pearl-like glass bead (with a small hole) used to make adornments

tit (little passerine bird, gen. Parus; see zīlīte)


mātīte

mātīte (nominative singular)
mātītes (nominative plural)
mātīti (accusative singular)
mātītes (accusative plural)
mātītes (genitive singular)
mātīšu (genitive plural)
mātītei (dative singular)
mātītēm (dative plural)
mātīti (instrumental singular)
mātītēm (instrumental plural)
mātītē (locative singular)
mātītēs (locative plural)
mātīte (singular vocative)
mātītes (plural vocative)

zosu mātīte

pīļu mātīte

zaķu mātīte

vaislas mātītes


kuilis

kuilis (nominative singular)
kuiļi (nominative plural)
kuili (accusative singular)
kuiļus (accusative plural)
kuiļa (genitive singular)
kuiļu (genitive plural)
kuilim (dative singular)
kuiļiem (dative plural)
kuili (instrumental singular)
kuiļiem (instrumental plural)
kuilī (locative singular)
kuiļos (locative plural)
kuili (singular vocative)
kuiļi (plural vocative)

meža kuilis

kuiļa gaļa


sivēns

sivēns (nominative singular)
sivēni (nominative plural)
sivēnu (accusative singular)
sivēnus (accusative plural)
sivēna (genitive singular)
sivēnu (genitive plural)
sivēnam (dative singular)
sivēniem (dative plural)
sivēnu (instrumental singular)
sivēniem (instrumental plural)
sivēnā (locative singular)
sivēnos (locative plural)
sivēn (singular vocative)
sivēni (plural vocative)

Apparently derived with -ēns from a no longer extant noun stem, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *suH-. Compare Russian свинья́ (svinʹjá), English swine.


kaķe

kaķe (nominative singular)
kaķes (nominative plural)
kaķi (accusative singular)
kaķes (accusative plural)
kaķes (genitive singular)
kaķu (genitive plural)
kaķei (dative singular)
kaķēm (dative plural)
kaķi (instrumental singular)
kaķēm (instrumental plural)
kaķē (locative singular)
kaķēs (locative plural)
kaķe (singular vocative)
kaķes (plural vocative)

female cat, she-cat (a less frequent synonym of kaķene)


kaķene

kaķene (nominative singular)
kaķenes (nominative plural)
kaķeni (accusative singular)
kaķenes (accusative plural)
kaķenes (genitive singular)
kaķeņu (genitive plural)
kaķenei (dative singular)
kaķenēm (dative plural)
kaķeni (instrumental singular)
kaķenēm (instrumental plural)
kaķenē (locative singular)
kaķenēs (locative plural)
kaķene (singular vocative)
kaķenes (plural vocative)

medīga kaķene

puišeļi šaudās ar kaķenēm


lauvēns

lauvēns (nominative singular)
lauvēni (nominative plural)
lauvēnu (accusative singular)
lauvēnus (accusative plural)
lauvēna (genitive singular)
lauvēnu (genitive plural)
lauvēnam (dative singular)
lauvēniem (dative plural)
lauvēnu (instrumental singular)
lauvēniem (instrumental plural)
lauvēnā (locative singular)
lauvēnos (locative plural)
lauvēn (singular vocative)
lauvēni (plural vocative)

viņš izbaroja lauvēnu

lauvene ar lauvēniem


runcis

runcis (nominative singular)
runči (nominative plural)
runci (accusative singular)
runčus (accusative plural)
runča (genitive singular)
runču (genitive plural)
runcim (dative singular)
runčiem (dative plural)
runci (instrumental singular)
runčiem (instrumental plural)
runcī (locative singular)
runčos (locative plural)
runci (singular vocative)
runči (plural vocative)

The origin of this word is unclear. It is possibly derived from Proto-Indo-European *rew-, *rū-, *ru- (“to run, to rush”), via a previous adjective *runs, *rūns, on the model of brūns (“brown”), bruncis (“brown, bay horse”) (a variant of brūnis). Others have suggested that runcis is related to runa (“talk”); yet others, to rūkt (“to growl; to roar”).

kad runča nav mājās, tad peles virs galda lēkā

when the tomcat is not home, the mice jump over the table


lauvene

lauvene (nominative singular)
lauvenes (nominative plural)
lauveni (accusative singular)
lauvenes (accusative plural)
lauvenes (genitive singular)
lauveņu (genitive plural)
lauvenei (dative singular)
lauvenēm (dative plural)
lauveni (instrumental singular)
lauvenēm (instrumental plural)
lauvenē (locative singular)
lauvenēs (locative plural)
lauvene (singular vocative)
lauvenes (plural vocative)

lauvene ar lauvēniem


kaķēns

kaķēns (nominative singular)
kaķēni (nominative plural)
kaķēnu (accusative singular)
kaķēnus (accusative plural)
kaķēna (genitive singular)
kaķēnu (genitive plural)
kaķēnam (dative singular)
kaķēniem (dative plural)
kaķēnu (instrumental singular)
kaķēniem (instrumental plural)
kaķēnā (locative singular)
kaķēnos (locative plural)
kaķēn (singular vocative)
kaķēni (plural vocative)

mazie kaķēni

kaķe ar kaķēniem

jautrs kaķēns


lācēns

lācēns (nominative singular)
lācēni (nominative plural)
lācēnu (accusative singular)
lācēnus (accusative plural)
lācēna (genitive singular)
lācēnu (genitive plural)
lācēnam (dative singular)
lācēniem (dative plural)
lācēnu (instrumental singular)
lācēniem (instrumental plural)
lācēnā (locative singular)
lācēnos (locative plural)
lācēn (singular vocative)
lācēni (plural vocative)

lācene ar lācēniem


trusene

trusene (nominative singular)
trusenes (nominative plural)
truseni (accusative singular)
trusenes (accusative plural)
trusenes (genitive singular)
truseņu (genitive plural)
trusenei (dative singular)
trusenēm (dative plural)
truseni (instrumental singular)
trusenēm (instrumental plural)
trusenē (locative singular)
trusenēs (locative plural)
trusene (singular vocative)
trusenes (plural vocative)

trusene ar trusēniem


jūras lauva

lv-noun

jūras lauva m or f (4th declension, irregular gender, dative singular)

gender (irregular)
jūras lauva (nominative singular)
jūras lauvas (nominative plural)
jūras lauvu (accusative singular)
jūras lauvas (accusative plural)
jūras lauvas (genitive singular)
jūras lauvu (genitive plural)
jūras lauvam (dative singular)
jūras lauvai (dative singular)
jūras lauvām (dative plural)
jūras lauvu (instrumental singular)
jūras lauvām (instrumental plural)
jūras lauvā (locative singular)
jūras lauvās (locative plural)
jūras lauva (singular vocative)
jūras lauvas (plural vocative)

visām jūras lauvām ir kopīgs tas, ka tās ir lielāka auguma kā kotiki

all sea lions have in common that they are of greater height than fur seals


trusēns

trusēns (nominative singular)
trusēni (nominative plural)
trusēnu (accusative singular)
trusēnus (accusative plural)
trusēna (genitive singular)
trusēnu (genitive plural)
trusēnam (dative singular)
trusēniem (dative plural)
trusēnu (instrumental singular)
trusēniem (instrumental plural)
trusēnā (locative singular)
trusēnos (locative plural)
trusēn (singular vocative)
trusēni (plural vocative)

mums ir četri trusēni


vilcēns

vilcēns (nominative singular)
vilcēni (nominative plural)
vilcēnu (accusative singular)
vilcēnus (accusative plural)
vilcēna (genitive singular)
vilcēnu (genitive plural)
vilcēnam (dative singular)
vilcēniem (dative plural)
vilcēnu (instrumental singular)
vilcēniem (instrumental plural)
vilcēnā (locative singular)
vilcēnos (locative plural)
vilcēn (singular vocative)
vilcēni (plural vocative)

From vilks (“wolf”) + -ēns (with k > c via palatalization).

vilcene ar vilcēniem


vilcene

vilcene (nominative singular)
vilcenes (nominative plural)
vilceni (accusative singular)
vilcenes (accusative plural)
vilcenes (genitive singular)
vilceņu (genitive plural)
vilcenei (dative singular)
vilcenēm (dative plural)
vilceni (instrumental singular)
vilcenēm (instrumental plural)
vilcenē (locative singular)
vilcenēs (locative plural)
vilcene (singular vocative)
vilcenes (plural vocative)

From vilks (“wolf”) + -ene (with k > c via palatalization).

tūlīt izlēca vilcene

vilcene ar vilcēniem


vāverēns

vāverēns (nominative singular)
vāverēni (nominative plural)
vāverēnu (accusative singular)
vāverēnus (accusative plural)
vāverēna (genitive singular)
vāverēnu (genitive plural)
vāverēnam (dative singular)
vāverēniem (dative plural)
vāverēnu (instrumental singular)
vāverēniem (instrumental plural)
vāverēnā (locative singular)
vāverēnos (locative plural)
vāverēn (singular vocative)
vāverēni (plural vocative)

[vāːvɛɾɛ̄ːns]


lācene

lācene (nominative singular)
lācenes (nominative plural)
lāceni (accusative singular)
lācenes (accusative plural)
lācenes (genitive singular)
lāceņu (genitive plural)
lācenei (dative singular)
lācenēm (dative plural)
lāceni (instrumental singular)
lācenēm (instrumental plural)
lācenē (locative singular)
lācenēs (locative plural)
lācene (singular vocative)
lācenes (plural vocative)

lācene ar lācēniem


lācene

Apparently from lācis just like the term for a female bear. This could be further supported by the fact that LĒL lists two Livonian terms for cloudberry, kurgmōŗa (literally “crane berry”) and okšmōŗa (literally “bear berry”), with the latter proscribed, which would suggest it is a calque from Latvian.

Rubus chamaemorus
Rubus chamaemorus#Translingual

cloudberry, sp. Rubus chamaemorus; a cloudberry plant; a fruit of a cloudberry plant


kucēns

kucēns (nominative singular)
kucēni (nominative plural)
kucēnu (accusative singular)
kucēnus (accusative plural)
kucēna (genitive singular)
kucēnu (genitive plural)
kucēnam (dative singular)
kucēniem (dative plural)
kucēnu (instrumental singular)
kucēniem (instrumental plural)
kucēnā (locative singular)
kucēnos (locative plural)
kucēn (singular vocative)
kucēni (plural vocative)

Morphologically from kuce (“female dog”) + -ēns.
Karulis, however, considers this to be the primary term and kuce its derivative. From Proto-Indo-European *kew- : *kū̆- (“to swell; to bend (over)”), whence also Latvian kukt (“to hunch one's back”). Development of meaning "round" > "such that rolls around; clumsy," from the initial sense also dialectal kucens (“fabric/knitting that has been rolled into a ball”), compare also dialectal kučka (“female dog; a roll, tumble [placing one's head down and rolling over]”).
The development of the sense "puppy" has been gradual: in the 17th century recorded as meaning "kitten" as well.
Up to mid 1930's the standard form was kucens. Viewing this term as a diminutive, the term kuce was reverse derived. The latter is absent from G. Mancelis' dictionary, the term kuņa is listed for the sense "female dog," in G. Elgers' dictionary kuca is listed along kuņa, kuce is not to be found in any 18th century dictionaries, nor K. Valdemārs' dictionary from the 19th century. J. Neikens & K. Ulmanis' dictionary lists kuca as a "rare word."
Alternative theories on the origin of kuce:
#kuce has been the primary form and kucēns its derivative, cf. Lithuanian kùcė (“sheep [child talk]; female dog”), kùcas, kùcinas (“a small dog, small horse; male sheep”)
#kuce is of the same origin as Latvian kaukt (“to howl”), cf. also Bulgarian куче (kuče, “dog”) [also Serbo-Croatian kuče (“puppy”), however, both of these are considered borrowings from Hungarian kutya]
#the term is based on the exclamation kuc! to call dogs (Berneker, Fraenkel, Endzelīns), however, Lithuanian kùc! is a call for pigs and kucà — for sheep.
Endzelīns also considers the possibility that kuce is a borrowing, Būga considers the origin of this term unclear.

cog

lapsas kucēni

vilcenei atskrējuši kucēni

baby or young member of other canid species


ērzelis

ērzelis (nominative singular)
ērzeļi (nominative plural)
ērzeli (accusative singular)
ērzeļus (accusative plural)
ērzeļa (genitive singular)
ērzeļu (genitive plural)
ērzelim (dative singular)
ērzeļiem (dative plural)
ērzeli (instrumental singular)
ērzeļiem (instrumental plural)
ērzelī (locative singular)
ērzeļos (locative plural)
ērzeli (singular vocative)
ērzeļi (plural vocative)

vaislas ērzelis

nemierīgs ērzelis

uncastrated male horse, stallion (esp. for reproduction)


kumeļš

kumeļš (nominative singular)
kumeļi (nominative plural)
kumeļu (accusative singular)
kumeļus (accusative plural)
kumeļa (genitive singular)
kumeļu (genitive plural)
kumeļam (dative singular)
kumeļiem (dative plural)
kumeļu (instrumental singular)
kumeļiem (instrumental plural)
kumeļā (locative singular)
kumeļos (locative plural)
kumeļ (singular vocative)
kumeļi (plural vocative)

kumeļu ēdināšana

ēzeļa kumeļš

kumeļa gadi

ķēve nolieca galvu pie kumeļa

baby or young horse (or other equid), foal, colt


zaķēns

zaķēns (nominative singular)
zaķēni (nominative plural)
zaķēnu (accusative singular)
zaķēnus (accusative plural)
zaķēna (genitive singular)
zaķēnu (genitive plural)
zaķēnam (dative singular)
zaķēniem (dative plural)
zaķēnu (instrumental singular)
zaķēniem (instrumental plural)
zaķēnā (locative singular)
zaķēnos (locative plural)
zaķēn (singular vocative)
zaķēni (plural vocative)

mums ir četri zaķēni


ēzeļmāte

ēzeļmāte (nominative singular)
ēzeļmātes (nominative plural)
ēzeļmāti (accusative singular)
ēzeļmātes (accusative plural)
ēzeļmātes (genitive singular)
ēzeļmāšu (genitive plural)
ēzeļmātei (dative singular)
ēzeļmātēm (dative plural)
ēzeļmāti (instrumental singular)
ēzeļmātēm (instrumental plural)
ēzeļmātē (locative singular)
ēzeļmātēs (locative plural)
ēzeļmāte (singular vocative)
ēzeļmātes (plural vocative)

From ēzeļa (“donkey[gen.]”) + māte (“mother”).

compound

ēzeļmātēm grūsnības periods ilgst 13 mēnešus

a female donkey's pregnancy lasts 13 months

female donkey (esp. one that has given birth)


ēzelis

ēzelis (nominative singular)
ēzeļi (nominative plural)
ēzeli (accusative singular)
ēzeļus (accusative plural)
ēzeļa (genitive singular)
ēzeļu (genitive plural)
ēzelim (dative singular)
ēzeļiem (dative plural)
ēzeli (instrumental singular)
ēzeļiem (instrumental plural)
ēzelī (locative singular)
ēzeļos (locative plural)
ēzeli (singular vocative)
ēzeļi (plural vocative)

jāt, braukt ar ēzeli

nastu nesējs ēzelis

dumjš, stulbs kā ēzelis

spītīgs kā ēzelis


pakavs

pakavs (nominative singular)
pakavi (nominative plural)
pakavu (accusative singular)
pakavus (accusative plural)
pakava (genitive singular)
pakavu (genitive plural)
pakavam (dative singular)
pakaviem (dative plural)
pakavu (instrumental singular)
pakaviem (instrumental plural)
pakavā (locative singular)
pakavos (locative plural)
pakav (singular vocative)
pakavi (plural vocative)

Traditionally considered a borrowing from Russian подко́ва (podkóva), first mentioned (as pakava in 17th-century dictionaries. It is also possible, however, that the word may have been a recent native derivation, from the verb kaut, past tense kavu, in the sense “to hit, to beat,” occasionally used (instead of kalt) in folk songs to mean “to shoe (a horse).”

pakavu naglas

laimes pakavs

piesist pakavu

apkalt zirgu ar jauniem pakavirem

horseshoe (U-shaped metal object used to protect a horse's hooves)


tēviņš

tēviņš (nominative singular)
tēviņi (nominative plural)
tēviņu (accusative singular)
tēviņus (accusative plural)
tēviņa (genitive singular)
tēviņu (genitive plural)
tēviņam (dative singular)
tēviņiem (dative plural)
tēviņu (instrumental singular)
tēviņiem (instrumental plural)
tēviņā (locative singular)
tēviņos (locative plural)
tēviņ (singular vocative)
tēviņi (plural vocative)

From tēvs (“father”) + -iņš (“dim.”). At first a diminutive of “father” (uses as a term of endearment are attested in older texts); now only tētiņš can be used in this sense.

aitu tēviņš

pīļu tēviņš

bišu tēviņi

atšķirības starp tēviņiem un mātītēm

rupjš tēviņš

tu tur, tēviņ, beidz ālēties!

(chiefly in the singular) a human male, a man


balodis

balodis (nominative singular)
baloži (nominative plural)
balodi (accusative singular)
baložus (accusative plural)
baloža (genitive singular)
baložu (genitive plural)
balodim (dative singular)
baložiem (dative plural)
balodi (instrumental singular)
baložiem (instrumental plural)
balodī (locative singular)
baložos (locative plural)
balodi (singular vocative)
baloži (plural vocative)

meža, mājas balodis

pasta balodis

messenger pigeon (literally "mail pigeon")

miera balodis

Columba livia
Columba livia#Translingual

pigeon, dove (various birds of the family Columbidae, especially Columba livia)


degunradzis

degunradzis (nominative singular)
degunradži (nominative plural)
degunradzi (accusative singular)
degunradžus (accusative plural)
degunradža (genitive singular)
degunradžu (genitive plural)
degunradzim (dative singular)
degunradžiem (dative plural)
degunradzi (instrumental singular)
degunradžiem (instrumental plural)
degunradzī (locative singular)
degunradžos (locative plural)
degunradzi (singular vocative)
degunradži (plural vocative)

From deguns (“nose”) + rags (“horn”) (with g > dz palatalization caused by the shift from first declension ending -s to second declension ending -is), a calque ultimately based on Ancient Greek ῥινόκερως (rhinókerōs, “rhinoceros”).

cog

Āfrikas degunradzis

Indijas degunradzis

rhinoceros (mammals of the family Rhinocerotidae)


staltbriedis

staltbriedis (nominative singular)
staltbrieži (nominative plural)
staltbriedi (accusative singular)
staltbriežus (accusative plural)
staltbrieža (genitive singular)
staltbriežu (genitive plural)
staltbriedim (dative singular)
staltbriežiem (dative plural)
staltbriedi (instrumental singular)
staltbriežiem (instrumental plural)
staltbriedī (locative singular)
staltbriežos (locative plural)
staltbriedi (singular vocative)
staltbrieži (plural vocative)

From stalts (“stately”) + briedis (“deer”).

staltbriedim ir lieli, žuburaini ragi

Cervus elaphus
Cervus elaphus#Translingual


cālis

cālis (nominative singular)
cāļi (nominative plural)
cāli (accusative singular)
cāļus (accusative plural)
cāļa (genitive singular)
cāļu (genitive plural)
cālim (dative singular)
cāļiem (dative plural)
cāli (instrumental singular)
cāļiem (instrumental plural)
cālī (locative singular)
cāļos (locative plural)
cāli (singular vocative)
cāļi (plural vocative)

balts cālis

perēt cālus

vista ar cāļiem

zosu cāļi

cāļi jau izšķīlušies

chick (baby or young bird, especially chicken)


nīlzirgs

nīlzirgs (nominative singular)
nīlzirgi (nominative plural)
nīlzirgu (accusative singular)
nīlzirgus (accusative plural)
nīlzirga (genitive singular)
nīlzirgu (genitive plural)
nīlzirgam (dative singular)
nīlzirgiem (dative plural)
nīlzirgu (instrumental singular)
nīlzirgiem (instrumental plural)
nīlzirgā (locative singular)
nīlzirgos (locative plural)
nīlzirg (singular vocative)
nīlzirgi (plural vocative)

From Nīla (“Nile river”) + zirgs (“horse”), probably a calque of German Nilpferd, itself ultimately a calque (with Nile instead of river) from Ancient Greek ἱπποπόταμος (hippopótamos) (from ἵππος (híppos, “horse”) + ποταμός (potamós, “river”)).

nīlzirgu bars

nīlzirgu dzimtene ir Āfrikas vidiene

the hippopotamus homeland is the interior of Africa


gailēns

gailēns (nominative singular)
gailēni (nominative plural)
gailēnu (accusative singular)
gailēnus (accusative plural)
gailēna (genitive singular)
gailēnu (genitive plural)
gailēnam (dative singular)
gailēniem (dative plural)
gailēnu (instrumental singular)
gailēniem (instrumental plural)
gailēnā (locative singular)
gailēnos (locative plural)
gailēn (singular vocative)
gailēni (plural vocative)


pīlēns

pīlēns (nominative singular)
pīlēni (nominative plural)
pīlēnu (accusative singular)
pīlēnus (accusative plural)
pīlēna (genitive singular)
pīlēnu (genitive plural)
pīlēnam (dative singular)
pīlēniem (dative plural)
pīlēnu (instrumental singular)
pīlēniem (instrumental plural)
pīlēnā (locative singular)
pīlēnos (locative plural)
pīlēn (singular vocative)
pīlēni (plural vocative)

pūkains pīlēns

izšķīlies pīlēns


menca

menca (nominative singular)
mencas (nominative plural)
mencu (accusative singular)
mencas (accusative plural)
mencas (genitive singular)
mencu (genitive plural)
mencai (dative singular)
mencām (dative plural)
mencu (instrumental singular)
mencām (instrumental plural)
mencā (locative singular)
mencās (locative plural)
menca (singular vocative)
mencas (plural vocative)

From Proto-Baltic *menkyā-, from Proto-Indo-European *menk- (“to knead, to crush”) (> “to weaken, to make small, low-valued”); the full en remained in Kurzeme dialects (compare, from the same stem, mīksts (“soft”), mīcīt (“to knead”), where en > ī), from which it spread to other dialects. The semantic development suggests that this fish was seen as unimportant or low-valued. Cognates include Lithuanian ménkė, dialectal menkia; the same stem is also found in Lithuanian meñkas (“minor, small, unimportant, weak”).

cog

Atlantijas menca

mencu sugas

mencu zveja

mencu fileja

kūpināta menca

menca eļļā


haizivs

haizivs (nominative singular)
haizivis (nominative plural)
haizivi (accusative singular)
haizivis (accusative plural)
haizivs (genitive singular)
haizivju (genitive plural)
haizivij (dative singular)
haizivīm (dative plural)
haizivi (instrumental singular)
haizivīm (instrumental plural)
haizivī (locative singular)
haizivīs (locative plural)
haizivs (singular vocative)
haizivis (plural vocative)

From Icelandic hái (compare há- (“of or pertaining to shark kind”)), a short form of hákarl (“a shark”), a compound of hár (“high, great”) and karl (“man”); and zivs (“fish”). Probably a calque of German Haifisch.

haizivju zobi

haizivju aste

shark (scaleless, sharp-toothed predatory fish of the superorder Selachimorpha)


labība

labība (nominative singular)
labības (nominative plural)
labību (accusative singular)
labības (accusative plural)
labības (genitive singular)
labību (genitive plural)
labībai (dative singular)
labībām (dative plural)
labību (instrumental singular)
labībām (instrumental plural)
labībā (locative singular)
labībās (locative plural)
labība (singular vocative)
labības (plural vocative)

From labs (“good”) + -ība. The original meaning of labība was 'property', 'riches', until the early 17th century. Cognate with Lithuanian regionalism labýba (“property, riches”). Compare the same semantic evolution in Lithuanian gėrỹba (“property, cereals”), from Lithuanian gẽras (“good”), and in Polish zboże (“cereal, grain”), previously "property, riches".

labības kombains

labību kaitēkļi

pļaut labību

cereal (kind of grass cultivated for its edible grains)

nosvērt labību

iztīrīt labību

labības glabātava

(chiefly in the singular) cereal, grain (the grains of cereal plants)


virsis

virsis (nominative singular)
virši (nominative plural)
virsi (accusative singular)
viršus (accusative plural)
virša (genitive singular)
viršu (genitive plural)
virsim (dative singular)
viršiem (dative plural)
virsi (instrumental singular)
viršiem (instrumental plural)
virsī (locative singular)
viršos (locative plural)
virsi (singular vocative)
virši (plural vocative)

From Proto-Baltic *wirš-, from Proto-Indo-European *werǵʰ-, from the stem *wer- (“to bend”). The original name apparently made reference to the small bushes of this plant, full of little bent, twisted branches. Cognates include Lithuanian vìržis, vìržės, Proto-Slavic *versъ, *verzъ (Russian ве́рес (véres), ве́реск (véresk), Belarusian ве́рас (vjéras), Ukrainian ве́рес (véres), Czech vřes, Polish wrzos).

sila virsis

viršu medus

Calluna vulgaris
Calluna vulgaris#Translingual

(usually in the plural) heather (an evergreen plant, Calluna vulgaris, with small violet vlowers)


duriāns

duriāns (nominative singular)
duriāni (nominative plural)
duriānu (accusative singular)
duriānus (accusative plural)
duriāna (genitive singular)
duriānu (genitive plural)
duriānam (dative singular)
duriāniem (dative plural)
duriānu (instrumental singular)
duriāniem (instrumental plural)
duriānā (locative singular)
duriānos (locative plural)
duriān (singular vocative)
duriāni (plural vocative)

From English durian, from Malay durian, from Proto-Malayic *duri-an, from (Western) Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *duʀi-an.

durian (any of several trees of genus Durio; their fruit)


pļavas ķirzaka

pļavas ķirzaka (nominative singular)
pļavas ķirzakas (nominative plural)
pļavas ķirzaku (accusative singular)
pļavas ķirzakas (accusative plural)
pļavas ķirzakas (genitive singular)
pļavas ķirzaku (genitive plural)
pļavas ķirzakai (dative singular)
pļavas ķirzakām (dative plural)
pļavas ķirzaku (instrumental singular)
pļavas ķirzakām (instrumental plural)
pļavas ķirzakā (locative singular)
pļavas ķirzakās (locative plural)
pļavas ķirzaka (singular vocative)
pļavas ķirzakas (plural vocative)

ļoti bieži Latvijā sastopama pļavas ķirzaka

the meadow lizard is very often found in Latvia

Zootoca vivipara
Zootoca vivipara#Translingual


dziedātājstrazds

dziedātājstrazds (nominative singular)
dziedātājstrazdi (nominative plural)
dziedātājstrazdu (accusative singular)
dziedātājstrazdus (accusative plural)
dziedātājstrazda (genitive singular)
dziedātājstrazdu (genitive plural)
dziedātājstrazdam (dative singular)
dziedātājstrazdiem (dative plural)
dziedātājstrazdu (instrumental singular)
dziedātājstrazdiem (instrumental plural)
dziedātājstrazdā (locative singular)
dziedātājstrazdos (locative plural)
dziedātājstrazd (singular vocative)
dziedātājstrazdi (plural vocative)

From dziedātājs (“singer”) + strazds (“thrush”) (with dziedātājs from dziedāt (“to sing”) + -ājs (“-er”)).

compound

ar dziedātājstrazdu visbiežāk dabūjam iepazīties pavasarī

we meet the song thrush most often in spring

Turdus philomelos
Turdus philomelos#Translingual

song thrush (passerine bird species, Turdus philomelos)


melnais strazds

melnais strazds (nominative singular)
melnie strazdi (nominative plural)
melno strazdu (accusative singular)
melnos strazdus (accusative plural)
melnā strazda (genitive singular)
melno strazdu (genitive plural)
melnajam strazdam (dative singular)
melnajiem strazdiem (dative plural)
melno strazdu (instrumental singular)
melnajiem strazdiem (instrumental plural)
melnajā strazdā (locative singular)
melnajos strazdos (locative plural)
melno strazd (singular vocative)
melnais strazd (singular vocative)
melnie strazdi (plural vocative)

melnais mežastrazds
melnais mežastrazds#Latvian


strazdiene

strazdiene (nominative singular)
strazdienes (nominative plural)
strazdieni (accusative singular)
strazdienes (accusative plural)
strazdienes (genitive singular)
strazdieņu (genitive plural)
strazdienei (dative singular)
strazdienēm (dative plural)
strazdieni (instrumental singular)
strazdienēm (instrumental plural)
strazdienē (locative singular)
strazdienēs (locative plural)
strazdiene (singular vocative)
strazdienes (plural vocative)

From strazds (“starling”) + -ene (“fem.”).

kā atšķirt strazdu no strazdienes

how to distinguish a male from a female starling

female starling, thrush (passerine bird species)


sila strazds

sila strazds (nominative singular)
sila strazdi (nominative plural)
sila strazdu (accusative singular)
sila strazdus (accusative plural)
sila strazda (genitive singular)
sila strazdu (genitive plural)
sila strazdam (dative singular)
sila strazdiem (dative plural)
sila strazdu (instrumental singular)
sila strazdiem (instrumental plural)
sila strazdā (locative singular)
sila strazdos (locative plural)
sila strazd (singular vocative)
sila strazdi (plural vocative)

Turdus viscivorus
Turdus viscivorus#Translingual

mistle thrush (bird sp. Turdus viscivorus)


mājas strazds

mājas strazds (nominative singular)
mājas strazdi (nominative plural)
mājas strazdu (accusative singular)
mājas strazdus (accusative plural)
mājas strazda (genitive singular)
mājas strazdu (genitive plural)
mājas strazdam (dative singular)
mājas strazdiem (dative plural)
mājas strazdu (instrumental singular)
mājas strazdiem (instrumental plural)
mājas strazdā (locative singular)
mājas strazdos (locative plural)
mājas strazd (singular vocative)
mājas strazdi (plural vocative)

mājas strazdi ēd ķiršus un zemenes

common starlings eat cherries and strawberries

Sturnus vulgaris
Sturnus vulgaris#Translingual

common starling (passerine bird species, Sturnus vulgaris)


melnais meža strazds

melnais meža strazds (nominative singular)
melnie meža strazdi (nominative plural)
melno meža strazdu (accusative singular)
melnos meža strazdus (accusative plural)
melnā meža strazda (genitive singular)
melno meža strazdu (genitive plural)
melnajam meža strazdam (dative singular)
melnajiem meža strazdiem (dative plural)
melno meža strazdu (instrumental singular)
melnajiem meža strazdiem (instrumental plural)
melnajā meža strazdā (locative singular)
melnajos meža strazdos (locative plural)
melno meža strazd (singular vocative)
melnais meža strazd (singular vocative)
melnie meža strazdi (plural vocative)

alternative spelling of melnais mežastrazds


melnais mežastrazds

melnais mežastrazds (nominative singular)
melnie mežastrazdi (nominative plural)
melno mežastrazdu (accusative singular)
melnos mežastrazdus (accusative plural)
melnā mežastrazda (genitive singular)
melno mežastrazdu (genitive plural)
melnajam mežastrazdam (dative singular)
melnajiem mežastrazdiem (dative plural)
melno mežastrazdu (instrumental singular)
melnajiem mežastrazdiem (instrumental plural)
melnajā mežastrazdā (locative singular)
melnajos mežastrazdos (locative plural)
melno mežastrazd (singular vocative)
melnais mežastrazd (singular vocative)
melnie mežastrazdi (plural vocative)

jaunie melnie mežastrazdi nav vis melni, bet gan brūni

young blackbirds are not black, but brown

Turdus merula
Turdus merula#Translingual

Eurasian blackbird (bird sp. Turdus merula)


sila ķirzaka

sila ķirzaka (nominative singular)
sila ķirzakas (nominative plural)
sila ķirzaku (accusative singular)
sila ķirzakas (accusative plural)
sila ķirzakas (genitive singular)
sila ķirzaku (genitive plural)
sila ķirzakai (dative singular)
sila ķirzakām (dative plural)
sila ķirzaku (instrumental singular)
sila ķirzakām (instrumental plural)
sila ķirzakā (locative singular)
sila ķirzakās (locative plural)
sila ķirzaka (singular vocative)
sila ķirzakas (plural vocative)

sila ķirzaka var sasniegt 20cm garumu

the sand lizard can reach the length of 20cm


strazds

strazds (nominative singular)
strazdi (nominative plural)
strazdu (accusative singular)
strazdus (accusative plural)
strazda (genitive singular)
strazdu (genitive plural)
strazdam (dative singular)
strazdiem (dative plural)
strazdu (instrumental singular)
strazdiem (instrumental plural)
strazdā (locative singular)
strazdos (locative plural)
strazd (singular vocative)
strazdi (plural vocative)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *trazdas with an additional initial s-, from Proto-Indo-European *trosdos (“thrush”). In some Latvian dialects, the z was eliminated by dissimilation, yielding strads.
Cognates include Lithuanian strãzdas, dialectal strazdà, strazà, strãzas, Old Prussian tresde, Proto-Slavic *trozdъ, from *drozdъ (Russian, Bulgarian дрозд (drozd), Ukrainian дрізд (drizd), Czech drozd, dialectal drozda, zdrozda, drozen, Polish drozd), Proto-Germanic *þrau(d)-st-, *þrōst-, *þrast-ur (Old High German drōsca-, German Drossel, English throstle, Old Norse þrǭstr-, Norwegian trost, Swedish trast), Breton trask, draskl, tred, dred, Latin turdus (< *tr̥zdos) (Spanish tordo, Portuguese tordo, Italian tordo).

strazdu dzimta

strazdu būris

mājas strazds

common (lit. house) starling (Sturnus vulgaris)

sila strazds

dziedātājstrazds

starling, thrush, throstle (gregarious birds of the families Sturnidae and Turdidae; various species)


plukšķis

plukšķis (nominative singular)
plukšķi (nominative plural)
plukšķi (accusative singular)
plukšķus (accusative plural)
plukšķa (genitive singular)
plukšķu (genitive plural)
plukšķim (dative singular)
plukšķiem (dative plural)
plukšķi (instrumental singular)
plukšķiem (instrumental plural)
plukšķī (locative singular)
plukšķos (locative plural)
plukšķi (singular vocative)
plukšķi (plural vocative)

plukšķis ir cītīgs dziedātājs

Turdus iliacus
Turdus iliacus#Translingual

redwing, a thrush species (bird sp. Turdus iliacus)


ķerra

ķerra (nominative singular)
ķerras (nominative plural)
ķerru (accusative singular)
ķerras (accusative plural)
ķerras (genitive singular)
ķerru (genitive plural)
ķerrai (dative singular)
ķerrām (dative plural)
ķerru (instrumental singular)
ķerrām (instrumental plural)
ķerrā (locative singular)
ķerrās (locative plural)
ķerra (singular vocative)
ķerras (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Middle Dutch kerre (“cart, wheelbarrow”), or from Swedish kärra (“cart, wheelbarrow”), both of which are also borrowings from Latin carrus (“waggon”). The word is first mentioned in 18th-century dictionaries as kerre; the form ķerra appears in the 19th century, probably in dialects that took the Swedish form (ending in a).

bor

novembra sākumā ķerras no mūsu ūdeņiem nozūd

in the beginning of November the greater scaups disappear from our waters

Aythya marila
Aythya marila#Translingual

greater scaup (diving duck, especially Aythya marila)


mušmire

mušmire (nominative singular)
mušmires (nominative plural)
mušmiri (accusative singular)
mušmires (accusative plural)
mušmires (genitive singular)
mušmiru (genitive plural)
mušmirei (dative singular)
mušmirēm (dative plural)
mušmiri (instrumental singular)
mušmirēm (instrumental plural)
mušmirē (locative singular)
mušmirēs (locative plural)
mušmire (singular vocative)
mušmires (plural vocative)

(mycology) several species of (usually poisonous) mushrooms (gen. Amanita)


bālā mušmire

bālā mušmire (nominative singular)
bālās mušmires (nominative plural)
bālo mušmiri (accusative singular)
bālās mušmires (accusative plural)
bālās mušmires (genitive singular)
bālo mušmiru (genitive plural)
bālajai mušmirei (dative singular)
bālajām mušmirēm (dative plural)
bālo mušmiri (instrumental singular)
bālajām mušmirēm (instrumental plural)
bālajā mušmirē (locative singular)
bālajās mušmirēs (locative plural)
bālo mušmire (singular vocative)
bālā mušmire (singular vocative)
bālās mušmires (plural vocative)

Amanita citrina
Wikispecies:Amanita citrina

Amanita phalloides
Amanita phalloides#Translingual

(mycology) false death cap (a mushroom species with unpleasant taste, Amanita citrina, previously Amanita mappa; it is physically similar to the deadly poisonous death cap, Amanita phalloides)


bārkstainā mušmire

bārkstainā mušmire (nominative singular)
bārkstainās mušmires (nominative plural)
bārkstaino mušmiri (accusative singular)
bārkstainās mušmires (accusative plural)
bārkstainās mušmires (genitive singular)
bārkstaino mušmiru (genitive plural)
bārkstainajai mušmirei (dative singular)
bārkstainajām mušmirēm (dative plural)
bārkstaino mušmiri (instrumental singular)
bārkstainajām mušmirēm (instrumental plural)
bārkstainajā mušmirē (locative singular)
bārkstainajās mušmirēs (locative plural)
bārkstaino mušmire (singular vocative)
bārkstainā mušmire (singular vocative)
bārkstainās mušmires (plural vocative)

Amanita strobiliformis
Wikispecies:Amanita strobiliformis

(mycology) inedible mushroom species (Amanita strobiliformis)


baltā mušmire

baltā mušmire (nominative singular)
baltās mušmires (nominative plural)
balto mušmiri (accusative singular)
baltās mušmires (accusative plural)
baltās mušmires (genitive singular)
balto mušmiru (genitive plural)
baltajai mušmirei (dative singular)
baltajām mušmirēm (dative plural)
balto mušmiri (instrumental singular)
baltajām mušmirēm (instrumental plural)
baltajā mušmirē (locative singular)
baltajās mušmirēs (locative plural)
balto mušmire (singular vocative)
baltā mušmire (singular vocative)
baltās mušmires (plural vocative)

Amanita virosa
Amanita virosa#Translingual

(mycology) European destroying angel (inedible mushroom species, deadly poisonous, Amanita virosa)


zaļā mušmire

zaļā mušmire (nominative singular)
zaļās mušmires (nominative plural)
zaļo mušmiri (accusative singular)
zaļās mušmires (accusative plural)
zaļās mušmires (genitive singular)
zaļo mušmiru (genitive plural)
zaļajai mušmirei (dative singular)
zaļajām mušmirēm (dative plural)
zaļo mušmiri (instrumental singular)
zaļajām mušmirēm (instrumental plural)
zaļajā mušmirē (locative singular)
zaļajās mušmirēs (locative plural)
zaļo mušmire (singular vocative)
zaļā mušmire (singular vocative)
zaļās mušmires (plural vocative)

(mycology) death cap (a deadly poisonous mushroom species, Amanita phalloides)


violetbrūnā mušmire

violetbrūnā mušmire (nominative singular)
violetbrūnās mušmires (nominative plural)
violetbrūno mušmiri (accusative singular)
violetbrūnās mušmires (accusative plural)
violetbrūnās mušmires (genitive singular)
violetbrūno mušmiru (genitive plural)
violetbrūnajai mušmirei (dative singular)
violetbrūnajām mušmirēm (dative plural)
violetbrūno mušmiri (instrumental singular)
violetbrūnajām mušmirēm (instrumental plural)
violetbrūnajā mušmirē (locative singular)
violetbrūnajās mušmirēs (locative plural)
violetbrūno mušmire (singular vocative)
violetbrūnā mušmire (singular vocative)
violetbrūnās mušmires (plural vocative)

From violets (“violet”) + brūns (“brown”) with mušmire.

(mycology) gray veiled amanita (inedible mushroom species, Amanita porphyria)


pelēkā mušmire

pelēkā mušmire (nominative singular)
pelēkās mušmires (nominative plural)
pelēko mušmiri (accusative singular)
pelēkās mušmires (accusative plural)
pelēkās mušmires (genitive singular)
pelēko mušmiru (genitive plural)
pelēkajai mušmirei (dative singular)
pelēkajām mušmirēm (dative plural)
pelēko mušmiri (instrumental singular)
pelēkajām mušmirēm (instrumental plural)
pelēkajā mušmirē (locative singular)
pelēkajās mušmirēs (locative plural)
pelēko mušmire (singular vocative)
pelēkā mušmire (singular vocative)
pelēkās mušmires (plural vocative)

(mycology) poisonous mushroom species (Amanita excelsa var. spissa)


panteru mušmire

panteru mušmire (nominative singular)
panteru mušmires (nominative plural)
panteru mušmiri (accusative singular)
panteru mušmires (accusative plural)
panteru mušmires (genitive singular)
panteru mušmiru (genitive plural)
panteru mušmirei (dative singular)
panteru mušmirēm (dative plural)
panteru mušmiri (instrumental singular)
panteru mušmirēm (instrumental plural)
panteru mušmirē (locative singular)
panteru mušmirēs (locative plural)
panteru mušmire (singular vocative)
panteru mušmires (plural vocative)

Amanita pantherina
Amanita pantherina#Translingual

(mycology) poisonous mushroom species (Amanita pantherina)


jaguārs

jaguārs (nominative singular)
jaguāri (nominative plural)
jaguāru (accusative singular)
jaguārus (accusative plural)
jaguāra (genitive singular)
jaguāru (genitive plural)
jaguāram (dative singular)
jaguāriem (dative plural)
jaguāru (instrumental singular)
jaguāriem (instrumental plural)
jaguārā (locative singular)
jaguāros (locative plural)
jaguār (singular vocative)
jaguāri (plural vocative)

Via other European languages, ultimately derived from Old Tupi îagûara (“jaguar”).

Brazīlijas jaguāriem draud pilnīga iznīcība

Brazilian jaguars are threatened with complete extinction

Panthera onca
Panthera onca#Translingual


pērļainā mušmire

pērļainā mušmire (nominative singular)
pērļainās mušmires (nominative plural)
pērļaino mušmiri (accusative singular)
pērļainās mušmires (accusative plural)
pērļainās mušmires (genitive singular)
pērļaino mušmiru (genitive plural)
pērļainajai mušmirei (dative singular)
pērļainajām mušmirēm (dative plural)
pērļaino mušmiri (instrumental singular)
pērļainajām mušmirēm (instrumental plural)
pērļainajā mušmirē (locative singular)
pērļainajās mušmirēs (locative plural)
pērļaino mušmire (singular vocative)
pērļainā mušmire (singular vocative)
pērļainās mušmires (plural vocative)

(mycology) blusher (edible mushroom species, Amanita rubescens)


tīģeriene

tīģeriene (nominative singular)
tīģerienes (nominative plural)
tīģerieni (accusative singular)
tīģerienes (accusative plural)
tīģerienes (genitive singular)
tīģerieņu (genitive plural)
tīģerienei (dative singular)
tīģerienēm (dative plural)
tīģerieni (instrumental singular)
tīģerienēm (instrumental plural)
tīģerienē (locative singular)
tīģerienēs (locative plural)
tīģeriene (singular vocative)
tīģerienes (plural vocative)

tīģeriene ir tīģeru matīte

tīģeriene ir bīstama cilvēkiem


tīģerēns

tīģerēns (nominative singular)
tīģerēni (nominative plural)
tīģerēnu (accusative singular)
tīģerēnus (accusative plural)
tīģerēna (genitive singular)
tīģerēnu (genitive plural)
tīģerēnam (dative singular)
tīģerēniem (dative plural)
tīģerēnu (instrumental singular)
tīģerēniem (instrumental plural)
tīģerēnā (locative singular)
tīģerēnos (locative plural)
tīģerēn (singular vocative)
tīģerēni (plural vocative)

tīģeriene ar tīģerēniem

tīģerēns ir tīģeru mazulis


tīģeris

tīģeris (nominative singular)
tīģeri (nominative plural)
tīģeri (accusative singular)
tīģerus (accusative plural)
tīģera (genitive singular)
tīģeru (genitive plural)
tīģerim (dative singular)
tīģeriem (dative plural)
tīģeri (instrumental singular)
tīģeriem (instrumental plural)
tīģerī (locative singular)
tīģeros (locative plural)
tīģeri (singular vocative)
tīģeri (plural vocative)

Via other European languages, ultimately borrowed from Latin tigris, itself borrowed from Ancient Greek τίγρις (tígris), possibly from Iranian.

tīģeru medības

tīģera āda

Bengālijas tīģeri

Panthera tigris
Panthera tigris#Translingual

(male, or generic) tiger (large striped wild cat, native to Asia; Panthera tigris)


ķīsis

ķīsis (nominative singular)
ķīši (nominative plural)
ķīsi (accusative singular)
ķīšus (accusative plural)
ķīša (genitive singular)
ķīšu (genitive plural)
ķīsim (dative singular)
ķīšiem (dative plural)
ķīsi (instrumental singular)
ķīšiem (instrumental plural)
ķīsī (locative singular)
ķīšos (locative plural)
ķīsi (singular vocative)
ķīši (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Livonian kiš (“ruffe”); compare cognates in other Baltic-Finnic languages (Finnish kiiski, Estonian kiisk, kiis (“ruffe”)). This word is already attested in 15th-16th century family names, in 17th-century dictionaries as ķīsa, ķīsis, and from the 18th century on only in its modern form ķīsis.

ķīsis barojas ar odu kāpuriem un zivju ikriem

the ruffe feeds on mosquito larvae and fish eggs

Gymnocephalus cernua
Gymnocephalus cernua#Translingual

ruffe (small freshwater fish, especially Gymnocephalus cernua)


spilve

spilve (nominative singular)
spilves (nominative plural)
spilvi (accusative singular)
spilves (accusative plural)
spilves (genitive singular)
spilvju (genitive plural)
spilvei (dative singular)
spilvēm (dative plural)
spilvi (instrumental singular)
spilvēm (instrumental plural)
spilvē (locative singular)
spilvēs (locative plural)
spilve (singular vocative)
spilves (plural vocative)

From the same stem as spalva (“feather”): Proto-Baltic *spelw-, *spl̥w- (> *spilw-), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)p(h)el-, *to split, cast off with an u extension. The variants spilva, spilve derive from *spilw- with different vowel endings.

šaurlapu spilve

platlapu spilve

cottongrass (various species of plants from the sedge family in genus Eriophorum)


žurkulēns

žurkulēns (nominative singular)
žurkulēni (nominative plural)
žurkulēnu (accusative singular)
žurkulēnus (accusative plural)
žurkulēna (genitive singular)
žurkulēnu (genitive plural)
žurkulēnam (dative singular)
žurkulēniem (dative plural)
žurkulēnu (instrumental singular)
žurkulēniem (instrumental plural)
žurkulēnā (locative singular)
žurkulēnos (locative plural)
žurkulēn (singular vocative)
žurkulēni (plural vocative)

From žurka (“rat”) + -ēns, with an intrusive element -ul-.

žurka ar žurkulēniem


tējas koks

tējas koks (nominative singular)
tējas koki (nominative plural)
tējas koku (accusative singular)
tējas kokus (accusative plural)
tējas koka (genitive singular)
tējas koku (genitive plural)
tējas kokam (dative singular)
tējas kokiem (dative plural)
tējas koku (instrumental singular)
tējas kokiem (instrumental plural)
tējas kokā (locative singular)
tējas kokos (locative plural)
tējas kok (singular vocative)
tējas koki (plural vocative)

tējas koks as ir mazs koks, kas var izaugt pat līdz 5 metru garš

the tea plant is a small plant that can grow up to 5 meters long

Camellia sinensis
Camellia sinensis#Translingual


tējaskrūms

tējaskrūms (nominative singular)
tējaskrūmi (nominative plural)
tējaskrūmu (accusative singular)
tējaskrūmus (accusative plural)
tējaskrūma (genitive singular)
tējaskrūmu (genitive plural)
tējaskrūmam (dative singular)
tējaskrūmiem (dative plural)
tējaskrūmu (instrumental singular)
tējaskrūmiem (instrumental plural)
tējaskrūmā (locative singular)
tējaskrūmos (locative plural)
tējaskrūm (singular vocative)
tējaskrūmi (plural vocative)

From tējas (“tea[gen.]”) + krūms (“bush”).


tējas krūms

tējas krūms (nominative singular)
tējas krūmi (nominative plural)
tējas krūmu (accusative singular)
tējas krūmus (accusative plural)
tējas krūma (genitive singular)
tējas krūmu (genitive plural)
tējas krūmam (dative singular)
tējas krūmiem (dative plural)
tējas krūmu (instrumental singular)
tējas krūmiem (instrumental plural)
tējas krūmā (locative singular)
tējas krūmos (locative plural)
tējas krūm (singular vocative)
tējas krūmi (plural vocative)


mārīte

mārīte (nominative singular)
mārītes (nominative plural)
mārīti (accusative singular)
mārītes (accusative plural)
mārītes (genitive singular)
mārīšu (genitive plural)
mārītei (dative singular)
mārītēm (dative plural)
mārīti (instrumental singular)
mārītēm (instrumental plural)
mārītē (locative singular)
mārītēs (locative plural)
mārīte (singular vocative)
mārītes (plural vocative)

From Mārīte, a diminutive of Māra, a form of Marija, ultimately a reference to the Virgin Mary.

divpunktu mārīte

sarkanā mārīte

melnā mārīte

mārīšu kāpuri

mārīšu dzimta

mārītes lido

ladybug (any member of the family Coccinellidae of beetles)


mēslvabole

mēslvabole (nominative singular)
mēslvaboles (nominative plural)
mēslvaboli (accusative singular)
mēslvaboles (accusative plural)
mēslvaboles (genitive singular)
mēslvaboļu (genitive plural)
mēslvabolei (dative singular)
mēslvabolēm (dative plural)
mēslvaboli (instrumental singular)
mēslvabolēm (instrumental plural)
mēslvabolē (locative singular)
mēslvabolēs (locative plural)
mēslvabole (singular vocative)
mēslvaboles (plural vocative)

From mēslu (“dung[gen.]”) + vabole (“beetle”).

compound

meža mēslvabole

mēslvaboļu dzimta

dung beetle (any beetle of the family Geotrupidae)


divpunktu mārīte

divpunktu mārīte (nominative singular)
divpunktu mārītes (nominative plural)
divpunktu mārīti (accusative singular)
divpunktu mārītes (accusative plural)
divpunktu mārītes (genitive singular)
divpunktu mārīšu (genitive plural)
divpunktu mārītei (dative singular)
divpunktu mārītēm (dative plural)
divpunktu mārīti (instrumental singular)
divpunktu mārītēm (instrumental plural)
divpunktu mārītē (locative singular)
divpunktu mārītēs (locative plural)
divpunktu mārīte (singular vocative)
divpunktu mārītes (plural vocative)

Adalia bipunctata
Wikispecies:Adalia bipunctata

a ladybug species (Adalia bipunctata, characterized by having only two dots on its back)


mēslu muša

mēslu muša (nominative singular)
mēslu mušas (nominative plural)
mēslu mušu (accusative singular)
mēslu mušas (accusative plural)
mēslu mušas (genitive singular)
mēslu mušu (genitive plural)
mēslu mušai (dative singular)
mēslu mušām (dative plural)
mēslu mušu (instrumental singular)
mēslu mušām (instrumental plural)
mēslu mušā (locative singular)
mēslu mušās (locative plural)
mēslu muša (singular vocative)
mēslu mušas (plural vocative)

dung fly (flies of the family Scathophagidae)


vabale

vabale (nominative singular)
vabales (nominative plural)
vabali (accusative singular)
vabales (accusative plural)
vabales (genitive singular)
vabaļu (genitive plural)
vabalei (dative singular)
vabalēm (dative plural)
vabali (instrumental singular)
vabalēm (instrumental plural)
vabalē (locative singular)
vabalēs (locative plural)
vabale (singular vocative)
vabales (plural vocative)

(dialectal) beetle; alternative form of vabole


pelēkais strazds

pelēkais strazds (nominative singular)
pelēkie strazdi (nominative plural)
pelēko strazdu (accusative singular)
pelēkos strazdus (accusative plural)
pelēkā strazda (genitive singular)
pelēko strazdu (genitive plural)
pelēkajam strazdam (dative singular)
pelēkajiem strazdiem (dative plural)
pelēko strazdu (instrumental singular)
pelēkajiem strazdiem (instrumental plural)
pelēkajā strazdā (locative singular)
pelēkajos strazdos (locative plural)
pelēko strazd (singular vocative)
pelēkais strazd (singular vocative)
pelēkie strazdi (plural vocative)

pelēkais strazds mācījis balodim taisīt pērkli

the fieldfare taught the pigeon to make nests

Turdus pilaris
Turdus pilaris#Translingual


stirnēns

stirnēns (nominative singular)
stirnēni (nominative plural)
stirnēnu (accusative singular)
stirnēnus (accusative plural)
stirnēna (genitive singular)
stirnēnu (genitive plural)
stirnēnam (dative singular)
stirnēniem (dative plural)
stirnēnu (instrumental singular)
stirnēniem (instrumental plural)
stirnēnā (locative singular)
stirnēnos (locative plural)
stirnēn (singular vocative)
stirnēni (plural vocative)

stirnēni līdz 4 mēnešu vecumam ir plankumaini

roe deer fawns are spotted until 4 months of age


stirna

stirna (nominative singular)
stirnas (nominative plural)
stirnu (accusative singular)
stirnas (accusative plural)
stirnas (genitive singular)
stirnu (genitive plural)
stirnai (dative singular)
stirnām (dative plural)
stirnu (instrumental singular)
stirnām (instrumental plural)
stirnā (locative singular)
stirnās (locative plural)
stirna (singular vocative)
stirnas (plural vocative)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *śírˀnāˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱr̥h₂-néh₂, from *ḱerh₂- (“head, top, horn”), with an extra -n (from which also German Horn, English horn, Latin cornū and also cervus (“deer”)), which yielded Latvian archaic sirna.
The presence of a t has given rise to various explanations: st- < *ts-; metathesis (sirna > *srina) with t epenthesis; contamination or influence from some other animal name, e.g., taurs; borrowing from a Slavic language with changes to conform to Baltic pronunciation. More recently, it has been suggested that stirna might come from Proto-Indo-European *ser- (“red, pink”) in the reduced grade *sr̥-no-, causing t epenthesis in Baltic. Cognates include Lithuanian stìrna, Old Prussian sirwis, Proto-Slavic *sьrna.

stirnu āzis, stirnuāzis, stirnāzis

stirnu buks

stirnu kaza, mātīte

stirnu mazulis

stirnas pašlaik aizliegts medīt

meitene viegla kā stirna

Capreolus capreolus
Capreolus capreolus#Translingual


taurs

taurs (nominative singular)
tauri (nominative plural)
tauru (accusative singular)
taurus (accusative plural)
taura (genitive singular)
tauru (genitive plural)
tauram (dative singular)
tauriem (dative plural)
tauru (instrumental singular)
tauriem (instrumental plural)
taurā (locative singular)
tauros (locative plural)
taur (singular vocative)
tauri (plural vocative)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *taurás, from Proto-Indo-European *táwros.

vietvārdi pierāda, ka mūsu mežos kādreiz mituši tauri

placenames show that there once lived aurochs in our forests

aurochs (Bos primigenitus, the extinct ancestor of domestic cattle)


dzeltenums

dzeltenums (nominative singular)
dzeltenumi (nominative plural)
dzeltenumu (accusative singular)
dzeltenumus (accusative plural)
dzeltenuma (genitive singular)
dzeltenumu (genitive plural)
dzeltenumam (dative singular)
dzeltenumiem (dative plural)
dzeltenumu (instrumental singular)
dzeltenumiem (instrumental plural)
dzeltenumā (locative singular)
dzeltenumos (locative plural)
dzeltenum (singular vocative)
dzeltenumi (plural vocative)

vidū kļavas lapai dzeltenums spīdēja kā saule pusdienā

in the middle of the maple leaves the yellow(ness) shone like the sun at noon

(chiefly in the singular) yellow, yellowness (the quality of that which is yellow)


baltums

baltums (nominative singular)
baltumi (nominative plural)
baltumu (accusative singular)
baltumus (accusative plural)
baltuma (genitive singular)
baltumu (genitive plural)
baltumam (dative singular)
baltumiem (dative plural)
baltumu (instrumental singular)
baltumiem (instrumental plural)
baltumā (locative singular)
baltumos (locative plural)
baltum (singular vocative)
baltumi (plural vocative)

krīta baltums

sniega baltums

mākoņu baltums mirdzēja kā sniegs

(chiefly in the singular) white, whiteness (the quality of that which is white)


brūnis

brūnis (nominative singular)
brūņi (nominative plural)
brūni (accusative singular)
brūņus (accusative plural)
brūņa (genitive singular)
brūņu (genitive plural)
brūnim (dative singular)
brūņiem (dative plural)
brūni (instrumental singular)
brūņiem (instrumental plural)
brūnī (locative singular)
brūņos (locative plural)
brūni (singular vocative)
brūņi (plural vocative)

From brūns (“brown”), made into a 2nd-declension masculine noun.

iejūgt brūni

viņš redzēja divus brūņus