regina

la-noun

rēgīna f (genitive rēgīnae, masculine rēx); first declension

rēgīna (canonical feminine)
rēgīnae (genitive)
rēx (masculine)
rēgīna (nominative singular)
rēgīnae (nominative plural)
rēgīnae (genitive singular)
rēgīnārum (genitive plural)
rēgīnae (dative singular)
rēgīnīs (dative plural)
rēgīnam (accusative singular)
rēgīnās (accusative plural)
rēgīnā (ablative singular)
rēgīnīs (ablative plural)
rēgīna (singular vocative)
rēgīnae (plural vocative)

Asturian: reina

Franco-Provençal: rêna

Friulian: reìne

Italian: regina
→ Maltese: reġina

Neapolitan: riggina

desctree

Old French: royne
French: reine
Norman: royne, ranne, reine
Walloon: royinne
→ Old East Slavic: ръ́ина (rŭ́ina)

Old Galician-Portuguese: reinha, reỹa, reynna, reýña, reyña, rreýña, rreyña, rainha, raynna, raỹa, rayña
Galician: raíña
Portuguese: rainha

Old Occitan: reina
Occitan: reina

Old Spanish: reyna
Spanish: reina (see there for further descendants)

Romansch: regina, rigegna, raïna

Sardinian: reina, arreina

desc

Sicilian: rijina (obsolete), riggina (influenced by Italian)

Venetan: rexina

Walloon: royinne

→ Basque: erregina

→ English: Regina, regina

→ Interlingua: regina

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: regina

→ Romanian: regină

→ Translingual: Regina

Inherited from Proto-Italic *rēgīnā, see there for more. A feminine counterpart to rēx, rēgis (“king”).


rex

la-noun

rēx m (genitive rēgis, feminine rēgīna); third declension

rēx (canonical masculine)
rēgis (genitive)
rēgīna (feminine)
rēx (nominative singular)
rēgēs (nominative plural)
rēgis (genitive singular)
rēgum (genitive plural)
rēgī (dative singular)
rēgibus (dative plural)
rēgem (accusative singular)
rēgēs (accusative plural)
rēge (ablative singular)
rēgibus (ablative plural)
rēx (singular vocative)
rēgēs (plural vocative)

Dalmatian:

ra

Italo-Romance:

Corsican: rè

Italian: re
→ Maltese: re

Neapolitan: rré

Sicilian: re, reji

North Italian:

Gallo-Italic:

Emilian: rà

Old Lombard: rex

Lombard: rè, re

Piedmontese: rèj

Friulian: re

Ladin: re

Ligurian: re

Romansch: retg, raig, rai

Venetan: re

Gallo-Romance:

Franco-Provençal: rê

desctree

Old French: roi, rex, rei, rai, roy
Middle French: roy
French: roi, roy (obsolete) (pre-1800)
Antillean Creole: wa
Guianese Creole: rwè
Haitian Creole: wa
(perhaps) ⇒ Haitian Creole: lwa
→ English: loa
Karipúna Creole French: hué
Louisiana Creole: rwa
Seychellois Creole: lerwa
Norman:
Continental Normandy: rai, ré, rey
Guernsey: ré, roué
Jersey: rouai
Sark: rwe
Walloon: roy, rwè
→ Middle English: roy, roye
English: roy

Occitano-Romance:

Old Catalan: rei, rey

Catalan: rei

Old Occitan: rei
Occitan: rei, rèi

Ibero-Romance:

Navarro-Aragonese: rei, rey

Aragonese: rei

Old Leonese: rei, rey, re

Asturian: rei, reye

Leonese: rei

Mirandese: rei

Old Galician-Portuguese: rei
Fala: rei
Galician: rei
Portuguese: rei (see there for further descendants)

Old Spanish: rey
Ladino: rey
Spanish: rey
Chavacano: rey
Papiamentu: rey
→ San Pedro Amuzgos Amuzgo: rey

Insular Romance:

Sardinian: re, rei

→ Albanian: regj

→ Basque: errege

→ English: rex, Rex

→ Esperanto: reĝo

→ Koine Greek: ῥήξ (rhḗx)

→ Greek: ρήγας (rígas)

→ Albanian: rig

→ Romanian: rigă

→ Ido: rejo

→ Interlingua: rege

→ Italian: rege

→ Romanian: rege

→? Sicilian: reghi

desc

→⇒ Translingual: Balaeniceps rex, Tyrannosaurus rex

→ Volapük: reg

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₃reǵ-
Proto-Indo-European *-s
Proto-Indo-European *h₃rḗǵs
Proto-Italic *rēks
Latin rēx
From Proto-Italic *rēks, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃rḗǵs (“king, ruler”). Cognates include Sanskrit राजन् (rā́jan, “king”) and Old Irish rí (“king”).

etymon

rēx


eques

la-noun

eques m (genitive equitis); third declension

equitis (genitive)
eques (nominative singular)
equitēs (nominative plural)
equitis (genitive singular)
equitum (genitive plural)
equitī (dative singular)
equitibus (dative plural)
equitem (accusative singular)
equitēs (accusative plural)
equite (ablative singular)
equitibus (ablative plural)
eques (singular vocative)
equitēs (plural vocative)

From equus (“horse”) + -es (“-faring”). Compare pedes, mīles for similar formations.


pedes

pedes m (genitive peditis); third declension

peditis (genitive)
pedes (nominative singular)
peditēs (nominative plural)
peditis (genitive singular)
peditum (genitive plural)
peditī (dative singular)
peditibus (dative plural)
peditem (accusative singular)
peditēs (accusative plural)
pedite (ablative singular)
peditibus (ablative plural)
pedes (singular vocative)
peditēs (plural vocative)

From pēs (“foot”) + -es (“-faring”), from eō (“I fare, go”). Compare āles, eques, caeles.


alea

ālea f (genitive āleae); first declension

ālea (canonical feminine)
āleae (genitive)
ālea (nominative singular)
āleae (nominative plural)
āleae (genitive singular)
āleārum (genitive plural)
āleae (dative singular)
āleīs (dative plural)
āleam (accusative singular)
āleās (accusative plural)
āleā (ablative singular)
āleīs (ablative plural)
ālea (singular vocative)
āleae (plural vocative)

→ Italian: alea

→ Spanish: álea, aleas

Originally "pivot-bone" or "joint-bone", since bones were used as early dice; from axis (via a form *axlea).

Caesar: ... "Iacta alea est", inquit.

c. 69 CE – 122 CE, Suetonius, De vita Caesarum divi Iuli 33


turris

turris f (genitive turris); third declension

turris (genitive)
turris (nominative singular)
turrēs (nominative plural)
turris (genitive singular)
turrium (genitive plural)
turrī (dative singular)
turribus (dative plural)
turrim (accusative singular)
turrem (accusative singular)
turrēs (accusative plural)
turrīs (accusative plural)
turrī (ablative singular)
turre (ablative singular)
turribus (ablative plural)
turris (singular vocative)
turrēs (plural vocative)

Eastern Romance

Aromanian: turon

Romanian: turn

Gallo-Italic

Emilian: tårr

Lombard: torr [tor, tur]

Italo-Dalmatian

Italian: torre

Sicilian: turri

→ Maltese: torri

Old French: tor (see there for further descendants)

Middle French: tour

French: tour (see there for further descendants)

Walloon: tour

Old Occitan: torre
Occitan: torre

Rhaeto-Romance

Romansch: tor, tur, tuor

Venetan: tor, tore

West Iberian

Navarro-Aragonese:

Aragonese: torre

Old Leonese:

Asturian: torre

Old Galician-Portuguese: torre

Galician: torre

Portuguese: torre (see there for further descendants)

Old Spanish: torre

Spanish: torre (see there for further descendants)

→ Proto-Celtic:

Proto-Brythonic:

Cornish: tor

Old Welsh: *tor

Welsh: tŵr

Old Irish:

Irish: tor

→ Old English: tor, torr

Middle English: tor

English: tor, tower

→ Albanian: turrë

Borrowed from Ancient Greek τύρρις (túrrhis) (Hesychius), τύρσις (túrsis), likely ultimately a Mediterranean substrate loan. Compare Τυρρηνός (Turrhēnós, “Etruscan”). Also compare the tribe Taurini.


vulturius

vulturius m (genitive vulturiī or vulturī); second declension

vulturiī (genitive)
vulturī (genitive)
vulturius (nominative singular)
vulturiī (nominative plural)
vulturiī (genitive singular)
vulturī (genitive singular)
vulturiōrum (genitive plural)
vulturiō (dative singular)
vulturiīs (dative plural)
vulturium (accusative singular)
vulturiōs (accusative plural)
vulturiō (ablative singular)
vulturiīs (ablative plural)
vulturie (singular vocative)
vulturiī (plural vocative)

Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: vultur

Romanian: vultur

Italo-Romance:

Italian: avvoltoio

→ Venetan: avoltogio

Sicilian: vuturu, avuturu

Padanian:

Ladin: valtoi

Piedmontese: votor

Venetan: voltor

Northern Gallo-Romance:

Franco-Provençal: vôtor

Old French: voltur, voutour

French: vautour

Southern Gallo-Romance:

desc

Aragonese: vüeitre, voitre, vuitre, vutre, güeitre

Catalan: voltor

Occidental and Septentrional: volter

Occitan: voltor, voutor

Gascon: votre, vutre, voltre, votèir, voter, voïtre

Ibero-Romance:

Asturian: utra, utre, utru, uitre, utria, butre

Galician: voitre, vutre, voitor, abutre, voutre, bruite, brute, bruita

⇒ voitirón, viturón, voitiró, voiturón

Old Spanish: boitre

Spanish: buitre

Portuguese: abutre

[u̯ʊɫ̪ˈt̪ʊriʊs̠]

From Old Latin voltur, most likely related to vello.


scaccus

[ˈs̠käkːʊs̠]


portarius

la-noun

portārius m (genitive portāriī or portārī); second declension

portārius (canonical masculine)
portāriī (genitive)
portārī (genitive)
portārius (nominative singular)
portāriī (nominative plural)
portāriī (genitive singular)
portārī (genitive singular)
portāriōrum (genitive plural)
portāriō (dative singular)
portāriīs (dative plural)
portārium (accusative singular)
portāriōs (accusative plural)
portāriō (ablative singular)
portāriīs (ablative plural)
portārie (singular vocative)
portāriī (plural vocative)

Aromanian: purtar

Asturian: porteru

Catalan: porter

Occitan: portièr

Old French: portier

Anglo-Norman: portour

→ Middle English: porter

English: porter

→ French: porter

→ Middle Dutch: portier

desctree

Dutch: portier
→ Indonesian: portir
→ Papiamentu: pòrtir

Middle French: portier

French: portier

→ German: Portier

→ Italian: portiere

→ Luxembourgish: Portier

→ Polish: portier

→ Russian: портье (portʹje)

→ Venetan: portier

Old Galician-Portuguese: porteyro

Galician: porteiro

Portuguese: porteiro

Romanian: portar

Spanish: portero

Late and Medieval Latin. From porta + -ārius.


binio

la-noun

bīniō m (genitive bīniōnis); third declension

bīniō (canonical masculine)
bīniōnis (genitive)
bīniō (nominative singular)
bīniōnēs (nominative plural)
bīniōnis (genitive singular)
bīniōnum (genitive plural)
bīniōnī (dative singular)
bīniōnibus (dative plural)
bīniōnem (accusative singular)
bīniōnēs (accusative plural)
bīniōne (ablative singular)
bīniōnibus (ablative plural)
bīniō (singular vocative)
bīniōnēs (plural vocative)

(dice games) The number two on a die; deuce


regina regit colorem

[reːˈɡiːnä ˈrɛɡɪt̪ kɔˈɫ̪oːrɛ̃ˑ]

Literally, “The Queen rules [her own] colour”, or more loosely translated as “the Queen takes her own colour”. From the fact that, in chess, the white Queen always starts the game on the white file d1, and black Queen starts on the black file d8.

lit

(chess) the Queen in chess, always starts on the colour of its own.