eo

la-verb

eō (present infinitive īre, perfect active iī or īvī, supine itum); irregular conjugation, irregular

eō (canonical)
irregular conjugation (canonical)
īre (infinitive present)
iī (active perfect)
īvī (active perfect)
itum (supine)
eō (active first-person indicative present singular)
īs (active indicative present second-person singular)
it (active indicative present singular third-person)
īmus (active first-person indicative plural present)
ītis (active indicative plural present second-person)
eunt (active indicative plural present third-person)
ībam (active first-person imperfect indicative singular)
ībās (active imperfect indicative second-person singular)
ībat (active imperfect indicative singular third-person)
ībāmus (active first-person imperfect indicative plural)
ībātis (active imperfect indicative plural second-person)
ībant (active imperfect indicative plural third-person)
ībō (active first-person future indicative singular)
ībis (active future indicative second-person singular)
ībit (active future indicative singular third-person)
ībimus (active first-person future indicative plural)
ībitis (active future indicative plural second-person)
ībunt (active future indicative plural third-person)
iī (active first-person indicative perfect singular)
īvī (active first-person indicative perfect singular)
īstī (active indicative perfect second-person singular)
īvistī (active indicative perfect second-person singular)
iit (active indicative perfect singular third-person)
īvit (active indicative perfect singular third-person)
iimus (active first-person indicative perfect plural)
īstis (active indicative perfect plural second-person)
iērunt (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
iēre (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
ieram (active first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
ierās (active indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
ierat (active indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
ierāmus (active first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
ierātis (active indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
ierant (active indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
ierō (active first-person future indicative perfect singular)
ieris (active future indicative perfect second-person singular)
ierit (active future indicative perfect singular third-person)
ierimus (active first-person future indicative perfect plural)
ieritis (active future indicative perfect plural second-person)
ierint (active future indicative perfect plural third-person)
eor (first-person indicative passive present singular)
īris (indicative passive present second-person singular)
īre (indicative passive present second-person singular)
ītur (indicative passive present singular third-person)
īmur (first-person indicative passive plural present)
īminī (indicative passive plural present second-person)
euntur (indicative passive plural present third-person)
ībar (first-person imperfect indicative passive singular)
ībāris (imperfect indicative passive second-person singular)
ībāre (imperfect indicative passive second-person singular)
ībātur (imperfect indicative passive singular third-person)
ībāmur (first-person imperfect indicative passive plural)
ībāminī (imperfect indicative passive plural second-person)
ībantur (imperfect indicative passive plural third-person)
ībor (first-person future indicative passive singular)
īberis (future indicative passive second-person singular)
ībere (future indicative passive second-person singular)
ībitur (future indicative passive singular third-person)
ībimur (first-person future indicative passive plural)
ībiminī (future indicative passive plural second-person)
ībuntur (future indicative passive plural third-person)
itus + present active indicative of sum (indicative passive perfect)
itus + future active indicative of sum (future indicative passive perfect)
eam (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
eās (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
eat (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
eāmus (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
eātis (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
eant (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
īrem (active first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
īrēs (active imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
īret (active imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
īrēmus (active first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
īrētis (active imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
īrent (active imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
ierim (active first-person perfect singular subjunctive)
ierīs (active perfect second-person singular subjunctive)
ierit (active perfect singular subjunctive third-person)
ierīmus (active first-person perfect plural subjunctive)
ierītis (active perfect plural second-person subjunctive)
ierint (active perfect plural subjunctive third-person)
īssem (active first-person pluperfect singular subjunctive)
īssēs (active pluperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
īsset (active pluperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
īssēmus (active first-person pluperfect plural subjunctive)
īssētis (active pluperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
īssent (active pluperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
ear (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
eāris (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
eāre (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
eātur (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
eāmur (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
eāminī (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
eantur (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
īrer (first-person imperfect passive singular subjunctive)
īrēris (imperfect passive second-person singular subjunctive)
īrēre (imperfect passive second-person singular subjunctive)
īrētur (imperfect passive singular subjunctive third-person)
īrēmur (first-person imperfect passive plural subjunctive)
īrēminī (imperfect passive plural second-person subjunctive)
īrentur (imperfect passive plural subjunctive third-person)
ī (active imperative present second-person singular)
īte (active imperative plural present second-person)
ītō (active future imperative second-person singular)
ītō (active future imperative singular third-person)
ītōte (active future imperative plural second-person)
euntō (active future imperative plural third-person)
īre (imperative passive present second-person singular)
īminī (imperative passive plural present second-person)
ītor (future imperative passive second-person singular)
ītor (future imperative passive singular third-person)
euntor (future imperative passive plural third-person)
īre (active infinitive present)
īsse (active infinitive perfect)
itūrum esse (active future infinitive)
īrī (infinitive passive present)
īrier (infinitive passive present)
itum esse (infinitive passive perfect)
itum īrī (future infinitive passive)
iēns (active participle present)
itūrus (active future participle)
itus (participle passive perfect)
eundus (future participle passive)
eundī (genitive gerund noun-from-verb)
eundō (dative gerund noun-from-verb)
eundum (accusative gerund noun-from-verb)
eundō (ablative gerund noun-from-verb)
itum (accusative noun-from-verb supine)
itū (ablative noun-from-verb supine)

Balkan Romance:

Romanian: ii

Dalmatian:

zer

Italo-Romance:

desc

Italian: gire, ire (obsolete, archaic, regional) (both regional or obsolete)

Neapolitan: jire

Sicilian: jiri

Padanian:

Istriot: zì

Ladin: jì, jir

Romansch: ir, eir (Surmiran)

Gallo-Romance:

Franco-Provençal: ir (rare infinitive form of allar), ir- (future/conditional stem of allar)

French: ir- (future/conditional stem of aller)

qualifier

1st plural person indicative present form of aler, from Latin <i class="Latn mention" lang="la">eāmus</i>

Walloon: djans (1st plural person indicative present form of aler, from Latin eāmus)

Occitano-Romance:

q

Catalan: ir- (future/conditional stem in northern dialects)

Old Occitan: ir (only in certain dialects)

Ibero-Romance:

Aragonese: ir

Asturian: dir

Extremaduran: dir

Galician: ir

Leonese: dire

Mirandese: ir

Portuguese: ir

Spanish: ir

From Proto-Italic *eō, from earlier *ejō, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁éyti.

Cum omnes laudibus modo prosequentes virum in sententiam eius pedibus irent, temptata paulisper intercessio est ab L. Livio et Q. Maelio tribunis plebis […]

27 BCE – 25 BCE, Titus Livius, Ab Urbe Condita IX.8.11–15

As they were all crossing over to support his motion, with nothing but praises for his heroism, Lucius Livius and Quintus Maelius, tribunes of the plebs, briefly endeavored to interpose their veto.

(law) to accede, to cross over (to go over to the opposing opinion or other side in voting)


species

la-noun

speciēs f (genitive speciēī); fifth declension

speciēs (canonical feminine)
speciēī (genitive)
speciēs (nominative singular)
speciēs (nominative plural)
speciēī (genitive singular)
fōrmārum (genitive plural)
speciēī (dative singular)
fōrmīs (dative plural)
speciem (accusative singular)
speciēs (accusative plural)
speciē (ablative singular)
fōrmīs (ablative plural)
speciēs (singular vocative)
speciēs (plural vocative)
speciēs (nominative singular)
speciēs (nominative plural)
speciēī (genitive singular)
speciērum (genitive plural)
speciēī (dative singular)
speciēbus (dative plural)
speciem (accusative singular)
speciēs (accusative plural)
speciē (ablative singular)
speciēbus (ablative plural)
speciēs (singular vocative)
speciēs (plural vocative)

la-ndecl

In Classical Latin including that of Cicero, inflections of <i class="Latn mention" lang="la">fōrma</i> are used to substitute for the genitive plural and dative and ablative plural.

Catalan: espècie

English: species, spice

French: espèce, épice

Galician: especie, especia

German: Spezies

Italian: spezie, specie

→ Albanian: spec

Portuguese: espécie

Romanian: specie

Sicilian: spezzi

Spanish: especia, especie


abalieno

la-verb

abaliēnō (present infinitive abaliēnāre, perfect active abaliēnāvī, supine abaliēnātum); first conjugation

abaliēnō (canonical)
abaliēnāre (infinitive present)
abaliēnāvī (active perfect)
abaliēnātum (supine)
abaliēnō (active first-person indicative present singular)
abaliēnās (active indicative present second-person singular)
abaliēnat (active indicative present singular third-person)
abaliēnāmus (active first-person indicative plural present)
abaliēnātis (active indicative plural present second-person)
abaliēnant (active indicative plural present third-person)
abaliēnābam (active first-person imperfect indicative singular)
abaliēnābās (active imperfect indicative second-person singular)
abaliēnābat (active imperfect indicative singular third-person)
abaliēnābāmus (active first-person imperfect indicative plural)
abaliēnābātis (active imperfect indicative plural second-person)
abaliēnābant (active imperfect indicative plural third-person)
abaliēnābō (active first-person future indicative singular)
abaliēnābis (active future indicative second-person singular)
abaliēnābit (active future indicative singular third-person)
abaliēnābimus (active first-person future indicative plural)
abaliēnābitis (active future indicative plural second-person)
abaliēnābunt (active future indicative plural third-person)
abaliēnāvī (active first-person indicative perfect singular)
abaliēnāvistī (active indicative perfect second-person singular)
abaliēnāvit (active indicative perfect singular third-person)
abaliēnāvimus (active first-person indicative perfect plural)
abaliēnāvistis (active indicative perfect plural second-person)
abaliēnāvērunt (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
abaliēnāvēre (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
abaliēnāveram (active first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
abaliēnāverās (active indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
abaliēnāverat (active indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
abaliēnāverāmus (active first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
abaliēnāverātis (active indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
abaliēnāverant (active indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
abaliēnāverō (active first-person future indicative perfect singular)
abaliēnāveris (active future indicative perfect second-person singular)
abaliēnāverit (active future indicative perfect singular third-person)
abaliēnāverimus (active first-person future indicative perfect plural)
abaliēnāveritis (active future indicative perfect plural second-person)
abaliēnāverint (active future indicative perfect plural third-person)
abaliēnor (first-person indicative passive present singular)
abaliēnāris (indicative passive present second-person singular)
abaliēnāre (indicative passive present second-person singular)
abaliēnātur (indicative passive present singular third-person)
abaliēnāmur (first-person indicative passive plural present)
abaliēnāminī (indicative passive plural present second-person)
abaliēnantur (indicative passive plural present third-person)
abaliēnābar (first-person imperfect indicative passive singular)
abaliēnābāris (imperfect indicative passive second-person singular)
abaliēnābāre (imperfect indicative passive second-person singular)
abaliēnābātur (imperfect indicative passive singular third-person)
abaliēnābāmur (first-person imperfect indicative passive plural)
abaliēnābāminī (imperfect indicative passive plural second-person)
abaliēnābantur (imperfect indicative passive plural third-person)
abaliēnābor (first-person future indicative passive singular)
abaliēnāberis (future indicative passive second-person singular)
abaliēnābere (future indicative passive second-person singular)
abaliēnābitur (future indicative passive singular third-person)
abaliēnābimur (first-person future indicative passive plural)
abaliēnābiminī (future indicative passive plural second-person)
abaliēnābuntur (future indicative passive plural third-person)
abaliēnem (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
abaliēnēs (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
abaliēnet (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
abaliēnēmus (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
abaliēnētis (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
abaliēnent (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
abaliēnārem (active first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
abaliēnārēs (active imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
abaliēnāret (active imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
abaliēnārēmus (active first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
abaliēnārētis (active imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
abaliēnārent (active imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
abaliēnāverim (active first-person perfect singular subjunctive)
abaliēnāverīs (active perfect second-person singular subjunctive)
abaliēnāverit (active perfect singular subjunctive third-person)
abaliēnāverīmus (active first-person perfect plural subjunctive)
abaliēnāverītis (active perfect plural second-person subjunctive)
abaliēnāverint (active perfect plural subjunctive third-person)
abaliēnāvissem (active first-person pluperfect singular subjunctive)
abaliēnāvissēs (active pluperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
abaliēnāvisset (active pluperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
abaliēnāvissēmus (active first-person pluperfect plural subjunctive)
abaliēnāvissētis (active pluperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
abaliēnāvissent (active pluperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
abaliēner (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
abaliēnēris (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
abaliēnēre (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
abaliēnētur (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
abaliēnēmur (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
abaliēnēminī (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
abaliēnentur (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
abaliēnārer (first-person imperfect passive singular subjunctive)
abaliēnārēris (imperfect passive second-person singular subjunctive)
abaliēnārēre (imperfect passive second-person singular subjunctive)
abaliēnārētur (imperfect passive singular subjunctive third-person)
abaliēnārēmur (first-person imperfect passive plural subjunctive)
abaliēnārēminī (imperfect passive plural second-person subjunctive)
abaliēnārentur (imperfect passive plural subjunctive third-person)
abaliēnā (active imperative present second-person singular)
abaliēnāte (active imperative plural present second-person)
abaliēnātō (active future imperative second-person singular)
abaliēnātō (active future imperative singular third-person)
abaliēnātōte (active future imperative plural second-person)
abaliēnantō (active future imperative plural third-person)
abaliēnāre (imperative passive present second-person singular)
abaliēnāminī (imperative passive plural present second-person)
abaliēnātor (future imperative passive second-person singular)
abaliēnātor (future imperative passive singular third-person)
abaliēnantor (future imperative passive plural third-person)
abaliēnāre (active infinitive present)
abaliēnāvisse (active infinitive perfect)
abaliēnātūrum esse (active future infinitive)
abaliēnārī (infinitive passive present)
abaliēnārier (infinitive passive present)
abaliēnātum esse (infinitive passive perfect)
abaliēnātum īrī (future infinitive passive)
abaliēnāns (active participle present)
abaliēnātūrus (active future participle)
abaliēnātus (participle passive perfect)
abaliēnandus (future participle passive)
abaliēnandī (genitive gerund noun-from-verb)
abaliēnandō (dative gerund noun-from-verb)
abaliēnandum (accusative gerund noun-from-verb)
abaliēnandō (ablative gerund noun-from-verb)
abaliēnātum (accusative noun-from-verb supine)
abaliēnātū (ablative noun-from-verb supine)

→ English: abalienate

→ French: abaliéner

→ German: abalienieren

→ Italian: abalienare

→ Portuguese: abalienar

From ab- (“from, away from”) + aliēnō (“alienate, estrange”).

affix

[…] idemque agros vectigalis populi Romani abalienaret

[…] and also to have power to alienate the lands of the Roman people from which their revenues are derived;

(law) to sell, alienate, dispose of, give up possession of, transfer by sale


abdico

la-verb

abdīcō (present infinitive abdīcere, perfect active abdīxī, supine abdictum); third conjugation, irregular short imperative

abdīcō (canonical)
irregular short imperative (canonical)
abdīcere (infinitive present)
abdīxī (active perfect)
abdictum (supine)
abdīcō (active first-person indicative present singular)
abdīcis (active indicative present second-person singular)
abdīcit (active indicative present singular third-person)
abdīcimus (active first-person indicative plural present)
abdīcitis (active indicative plural present second-person)
abdīcunt (active indicative plural present third-person)
abdīcēbam (active first-person imperfect indicative singular)
abdīcēbās (active imperfect indicative second-person singular)
abdīcēbat (active imperfect indicative singular third-person)
abdīcēbāmus (active first-person imperfect indicative plural)
abdīcēbātis (active imperfect indicative plural second-person)
abdīcēbant (active imperfect indicative plural third-person)
abdīcam (active first-person future indicative singular)
abdīcēs (active future indicative second-person singular)
abdīcet (active future indicative singular third-person)
abdīcēmus (active first-person future indicative plural)
abdīcētis (active future indicative plural second-person)
abdīcent (active future indicative plural third-person)
abdīxī (active first-person indicative perfect singular)
abdīxistī (active indicative perfect second-person singular)
abdīxit (active indicative perfect singular third-person)
abdīximus (active first-person indicative perfect plural)
abdīxistis (active indicative perfect plural second-person)
abdīxērunt (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
abdīxēre (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
abdīxeram (active first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
abdīxerās (active indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
abdīxerat (active indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
abdīxerāmus (active first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
abdīxerātis (active indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
abdīxerant (active indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
abdīxerō (active first-person future indicative perfect singular)
abdīxeris (active future indicative perfect second-person singular)
abdīxerit (active future indicative perfect singular third-person)
abdīxerimus (active first-person future indicative perfect plural)
abdīxeritis (active future indicative perfect plural second-person)
abdīxerint (active future indicative perfect plural third-person)
abdīcor (first-person indicative passive present singular)
abdīceris (indicative passive present second-person singular)
abdīcere (indicative passive present second-person singular)
abdīcitur (indicative passive present singular third-person)
abdīcimur (first-person indicative passive plural present)
abdīciminī (indicative passive plural present second-person)
abdīcuntur (indicative passive plural present third-person)
abdīcēbar (first-person imperfect indicative passive singular)
abdīcēbāris (imperfect indicative passive second-person singular)
abdīcēbāre (imperfect indicative passive second-person singular)
abdīcēbātur (imperfect indicative passive singular third-person)
abdīcēbāmur (first-person imperfect indicative passive plural)
abdīcēbāminī (imperfect indicative passive plural second-person)
abdīcēbantur (imperfect indicative passive plural third-person)
abdīcar (first-person future indicative passive singular)
abdīcēris (future indicative passive second-person singular)
abdīcēre (future indicative passive second-person singular)
abdīcētur (future indicative passive singular third-person)
abdīcēmur (first-person future indicative passive plural)
abdīcēminī (future indicative passive plural second-person)
abdīcentur (future indicative passive plural third-person)
abdīcam (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
abdīcās (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
abdīcat (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
abdīcāmus (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
abdīcātis (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
abdīcant (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
abdīcerem (active first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
abdīcerēs (active imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
abdīceret (active imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
abdīcerēmus (active first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
abdīcerētis (active imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
abdīcerent (active imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
abdīxerim (active first-person perfect singular subjunctive)
abdīxerīs (active perfect second-person singular subjunctive)
abdīxerit (active perfect singular subjunctive third-person)
abdīxerīmus (active first-person perfect plural subjunctive)
abdīxerītis (active perfect plural second-person subjunctive)
abdīxerint (active perfect plural subjunctive third-person)
abdīxissem (active first-person pluperfect singular subjunctive)
abdīxissēs (active pluperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
abdīxisset (active pluperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
abdīxissēmus (active first-person pluperfect plural subjunctive)
abdīxissētis (active pluperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
abdīxissent (active pluperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
abdīcar (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
abdīcāris (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
abdīcāre (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
abdīcātur (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
abdīcāmur (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
abdīcāminī (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
abdīcantur (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
abdīcerer (first-person imperfect passive singular subjunctive)
abdīcerēris (imperfect passive second-person singular subjunctive)
abdīcerēre (imperfect passive second-person singular subjunctive)
abdīcerētur (imperfect passive singular subjunctive third-person)
abdīcerēmur (first-person imperfect passive plural subjunctive)
abdīcerēminī (imperfect passive plural second-person subjunctive)
abdīcerentur (imperfect passive plural subjunctive third-person)
abdīc (active imperative present second-person singular)
abdīce (active imperative present second-person singular)
abdīcite (active imperative plural present second-person)
abdīcitō (active future imperative second-person singular)
abdīcitō (active future imperative singular third-person)
abdīcitōte (active future imperative plural second-person)
abdīcuntō (active future imperative plural third-person)
abdīcere (imperative passive present second-person singular)
abdīciminī (imperative passive plural present second-person)
abdīcitor (future imperative passive second-person singular)
abdīcitor (future imperative passive singular third-person)
abdīcuntor (future imperative passive plural third-person)
abdīcere (active infinitive present)
abdīxisse (active infinitive perfect)
abdictūrum esse (active future infinitive)
abdīcī (infinitive passive present)
abdictum esse (infinitive passive perfect)
abdictum īrī (future infinitive passive)
abdīcēns (active participle present)
abdictūrus (active future participle)
abdictus (participle passive perfect)
abdīcendus (future participle passive)
abdīcundus (future participle passive)
abdīcendī (genitive gerund noun-from-verb)
abdīcendō (dative gerund noun-from-verb)
abdīcendum (accusative gerund noun-from-verb)
abdīcendō (ablative gerund noun-from-verb)
abdictum (accusative noun-from-verb supine)
abdictū (ablative noun-from-verb supine)

(law) to take away by sentence, withhold a right


familia

la-noun

familia f (genitive familiae); first declension

familiae (genitive)
familia (nominative singular)
familiae (nominative plural)
familiae (genitive singular)
familiārum (genitive plural)
familiae (dative singular)
familiīs (dative plural)
familiam (accusative singular)
familiās (accusative plural)
familiā (ablative singular)
familiīs (ablative plural)
familia (singular vocative)
familiae (plural vocative)

Eastern Romance

desc

Aromanian: fumealji, fumealje, fãmealji, fãmealje

Megleno-Romanian: fumeaľă, fămęľă

Romanian: femeie, fămeaiă, fămeie — archaic, fomeie, fimeie — Moldavia (region)

Gallo-Italic

Emilian:

Ligurian: famìggia

Lombard: fameja

Piedmontese: famija

Romagnol: famèja, famì

Rhaeto-Romance

Friulian: famee

Romansch: fumegl, famagl, fameglia

desctree

Venetan: fameja, famégia, famegia
→ Cimbrian: faméeja

Aragonese: familha

Italo-Dalmatian

Corsican: famiglia, famidda, famighja

Dalmatian: famalja

Istriot: fameîa

Italian: famiglia
→ Cimbrian: famildja
→ Maltese: familja
→ Mòcheno: familia
→ Ottoman Turkish: فاملیا
Turkish: familya
→ Armenian: ֆամիլյա (familya)

→ Romansch: famiglia

→ Sardinian: famíglia

Sicilian: famigghia

Borrowings

q

→ Albanian: fëmijë (earlier borrowing from a Vulgar Latin form), familje (later borrowing)

→ Alemannic German: Famiili

→ Asturian: familia

→ Basque: familia

→ Bavarian: Famij, Famülie

desctree

→ Dutch: familie
Afrikaans: familie
Berbice Creole Dutch: famili
Negerhollands: familie, famili
Petjo: fermilie
→ Indonesian: famili
→ Sranan Tongo: famiri
→ Caribbean Javanese: famiri, pamili, pamiri
→ Saramaccan: famíí

→ Dutch Low Saxon: femilie

→ English: familia, family
Jamaican Creole: faambli, fambili
Tok Pisin: famili
Sranan Tongo: famiri
→ Chuukese: famini
→ Malay: famili
→ Maori: whāmere

→ Extremaduran: família

→ Galician: familia

→ German: Familie
→ Danish: familie
→ Kashubian: familëjô
→ Latvian: famīlija
→ Lower Sorbian: familija
→ Norwegian Bokmål: familie
→ Russian: фами́лия (famílija)

→ Hungarian: família

→ Kölsch: Famelisch

→ Macedonian: фамилија (familija)

→ Middle French: famille

French: famille
Haitian Creole: fanmi
→ Luxembourgish: Famill
Iranian Persian: فامیل (fâmil)

desc

→ Norman: fanmil'ye, famîle (continental Normandy), fomille, famille (Guernsey), family (Sark), famille, fomille, famîle (continental Normandy), famille (Guernsey), family (Sark), fanmil'ye (Jersey), family

→ Mirandese: família

→ Old Occitan:

Catalan: família

Occitan: familha

→ Polish: familia

→ Portuguese: família

→ Romani: familija

→ Romanian: familie

→ Carpathian Rusyn: фамилія (famylija)

→ Saterland Frisian: Familie

→ Scots: faimlie, faimily

→ Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: фа̀мӣлија

Latin script: fàmīlija

desctree

→ Spanish: familia
→ Cebuano: pamilya
→ Chamorro: familia
→ Eastern Huasteca Nahuatl: familia
→ Ilocano: pamilia
→ Tagalog: pamilya
→ Waray-Waray: pamilya

→ Swahili: familia

→ Swedish: familj

→ Walloon: famile

→ West Frisian: famylje

From Proto-Italic *fameljā (“of the house → household”), from earlier *θameljā.
In view of the semantic shift illustrated in the cognates, famulus (“servant, slave”) (with Oscan 𐌚𐌀𐌌𐌄𐌋 (famel, “servile”)) is probably a backformation from it and not the other way around. From Proto-Indo-European *dʰh₁-m-eló-m (“fundament”), from *dʰeh₁- (“to do, put, place”). Cognate with Sanskrit धामन् (dhāman, “order; dwelling-place, temple; family”), Ancient Greek θεμέλιος (themélios, “of the foundation”), θέμις (thémis, “justice, law”).

cog

(law) an estate (sometimes distinct from pecūnia and possibly restricted to rēs mancipī)


actor

la-noun

āctor m (genitive āctōris, feminine āctrīx); third declension

āctor (canonical masculine)
āctōris (genitive)
āctrīx (feminine)
āctor (nominative singular)
āctōrēs (nominative plural)
āctōris (genitive singular)
āctōrum (genitive plural)
āctōrī (dative singular)
āctōribus (dative plural)
āctōrem (accusative singular)
āctōrēs (accusative plural)
āctōre (ablative singular)
āctōribus (ablative plural)
āctor (singular vocative)
āctōrēs (plural vocative)

→ Asturian: actor

→ Catalan: actor

→ Middle English: actour

English: actor

→ Scottish Gaelic: actair

→ Welsh: actor

→ Italian: attore

→ Middle French: acteur

desctree

→ Dutch: acteur
Afrikaans: akteur
→ Indonesian: aktor

French: acteur

→ Norman: acteur

→ Norwegian Bokmål: aktør

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: aktør

→ Russian: актёр (aktjór), актёръ (aktjór) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)
→ Azerbaijani: aktyor
→ Bashkir: актёр (aktyor)
→ Tajik: актёр (aktyor)
→ Uzbek: aktyor
→ Yiddish: אַקטיאָר (aktyor)

→ Swedish: aktör

→ Turkish: aktör

→ Occitan: actor

→ Old Galician-Portuguese: abtor, autor, outor (semi-learned)
Galician: actor
Portuguese: ator

→ Persian: بازیگر

→ Polish: aktor

→ Romanian: actor

→ Spanish: actor

Agent noun formed from āctus + -tor, perfect passive participle of agō (“do, act, make”).

(law) prosecutor, plaintiff, advocate, orator


aquaeductus

la-noun

aquaeductus m (genitive aquaeductūs); fourth declension

aquaeductūs (genitive)
aquaeductus (nominative singular)
aquaeductūs (nominative plural)
aquaeductūs (genitive singular)
aquaeductuum (genitive plural)
aquaeductuī (dative singular)
aquaeductibus (dative plural)
aquaeductum (accusative singular)
aquaeductūs (accusative plural)
aquaeductū (ablative singular)
aquaeductibus (ablative plural)
aquaeductus (singular vocative)
aquaeductūs (plural vocative)

Late Latin: aquiductus (see there for further descendants)

→ Catalan: aqüeducte

→ English: aqueduct

→ French: aqueduc

→? Friulian: acuidot

→ Italian: acquedotto

→ Polish: akwedukt

→ Portuguese: aqueduto

→ Romanian: apeduct

→ Russian: акведу́к (akvedúk)

→ Spanish: acueducto

[äkʷäe̯ˈd̪ʊkt̪ʊs̠]

From aquae + ductus, lit. "conducting of water".

(law) the right to conduct water across or from another's land to one's own land by means of pipes, trenches, or canals


servitus

servitūs f (genitive servitūtis); third declension

servitūs (canonical feminine)
servitūtis (genitive)
servitūs (nominative singular)
servitūtēs (nominative plural)
servitūtis (genitive singular)
servitūtum (genitive plural)
servitūtī (dative singular)
servitūtibus (dative plural)
servitūtem (accusative singular)
servitūtēs (accusative plural)
servitūte (ablative singular)
servitūtibus (ablative plural)
servitūs (singular vocative)
servitūtēs (plural vocative)

Catalan: servitud

Italian: servitù

Portuguese: servitude

Spanish: servitud

[ˈs̠ɛru̯ɪt̪uːs̠]


ago

la-verb

agō (present infinitive agere, perfect active ēgī, supine āctum); third conjugation

agō (canonical)
agere (infinitive present)
ēgī (active perfect)
āctum (supine)
agō (active first-person indicative present singular)
agis (active indicative present second-person singular)
agit (active indicative present singular third-person)
agimus (active first-person indicative plural present)
agitis (active indicative plural present second-person)
agunt (active indicative plural present third-person)
agēbam (active first-person imperfect indicative singular)
agēbās (active imperfect indicative second-person singular)
agēbat (active imperfect indicative singular third-person)
agēbāmus (active first-person imperfect indicative plural)
agēbātis (active imperfect indicative plural second-person)
agēbant (active imperfect indicative plural third-person)
agam (active first-person future indicative singular)
agēs (active future indicative second-person singular)
aget (active future indicative singular third-person)
agēmus (active first-person future indicative plural)
agētis (active future indicative plural second-person)
agent (active future indicative plural third-person)
ēgī (active first-person indicative perfect singular)
ēgistī (active indicative perfect second-person singular)
ēgit (active indicative perfect singular third-person)
ēgimus (active first-person indicative perfect plural)
ēgistis (active indicative perfect plural second-person)
ēgērunt (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
ēgēre (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
ēgeram (active first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
ēgerās (active indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
ēgerat (active indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
ēgerāmus (active first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
ēgerātis (active indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
ēgerant (active indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
ēgerō (active first-person future indicative perfect singular)
ēgeris (active future indicative perfect second-person singular)
ēgerit (active future indicative perfect singular third-person)
ēgerimus (active first-person future indicative perfect plural)
ēgeritis (active future indicative perfect plural second-person)
ēgerint (active future indicative perfect plural third-person)
agor (first-person indicative passive present singular)
ageris (indicative passive present second-person singular)
agere (indicative passive present second-person singular)
agitur (indicative passive present singular third-person)
agimur (first-person indicative passive plural present)
agiminī (indicative passive plural present second-person)
aguntur (indicative passive plural present third-person)
agēbar (first-person imperfect indicative passive singular)
agēbāris (imperfect indicative passive second-person singular)
agēbāre (imperfect indicative passive second-person singular)
agēbātur (imperfect indicative passive singular third-person)
agēbāmur (first-person imperfect indicative passive plural)
agēbāminī (imperfect indicative passive plural second-person)
agēbantur (imperfect indicative passive plural third-person)
agar (first-person future indicative passive singular)
agēris (future indicative passive second-person singular)
agēre (future indicative passive second-person singular)
agētur (future indicative passive singular third-person)
agēmur (first-person future indicative passive plural)
agēminī (future indicative passive plural second-person)
agentur (future indicative passive plural third-person)
āctus + future active indicative of sum (future indicative passive perfect)
agam (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
agās (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
agat (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
agāmus (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
agātis (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
agant (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
agerem (active first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
agerēs (active imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
ageret (active imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
agerēmus (active first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
agerētis (active imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
agerent (active imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
ēgerim (active first-person perfect singular subjunctive)
ēgerīs (active perfect second-person singular subjunctive)
ēgerit (active perfect singular subjunctive third-person)
ēgerīmus (active first-person perfect plural subjunctive)
ēgerītis (active perfect plural second-person subjunctive)
ēgerint (active perfect plural subjunctive third-person)
ēgissem (active first-person pluperfect singular subjunctive)
ēgissēs (active pluperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
ēgisset (active pluperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
ēgissēmus (active first-person pluperfect plural subjunctive)
ēgissētis (active pluperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
ēgissent (active pluperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
agar (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
agāris (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
agāre (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
agātur (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
agāmur (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
agāminī (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
agantur (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
agerer (first-person imperfect passive singular subjunctive)
agerēris (imperfect passive second-person singular subjunctive)
agerēre (imperfect passive second-person singular subjunctive)
agerētur (imperfect passive singular subjunctive third-person)
agerēmur (first-person imperfect passive plural subjunctive)
agerēminī (imperfect passive plural second-person subjunctive)
agerentur (imperfect passive plural subjunctive third-person)
age (active imperative present second-person singular)
agite (active imperative plural present second-person)
agitō (active future imperative second-person singular)
agitō (active future imperative singular third-person)
agitōte (active future imperative plural second-person)
aguntō (active future imperative plural third-person)
agere (imperative passive present second-person singular)
agiminī (imperative passive plural present second-person)
agitor (future imperative passive second-person singular)
agitor (future imperative passive singular third-person)
aguntor (future imperative passive plural third-person)
agere (active infinitive present)
ēgisse (active infinitive perfect)
āctūrum esse (active future infinitive)
agī (infinitive passive present)
āctum esse (infinitive passive perfect)
āctum īrī (future infinitive passive)
agēns (active participle present)
āctūrus (active future participle)
āctus (participle passive perfect)
agendus (future participle passive)
agundus (future participle passive)
agendī (genitive gerund noun-from-verb)
agendō (dative gerund noun-from-verb)
agendum (accusative gerund noun-from-verb)
agendō (ablative gerund noun-from-verb)
āctum (accusative noun-from-verb supine)
āctū (ablative noun-from-verb supine)

→ Danish: agere

→ Dutch: ageren

→ English: act

→ French: agir (see there for further descendants)

→ German: agieren

→ Ido: agar

→ Occitan: agir

→ Swedish: agera

From Proto-Italic *agō, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éǵeti, from the root *h₂eǵ- (“to drive”)
Cognate with Old Irish aigid, Ancient Greek ἄγω (ágō, “I lead”), Old Norse aka (“move, drive”), Avestan 𐬀𐬰𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬌 (azaⁱti), Sanskrit अजति (ájati, “to drive, propel, cast”).


manus

la-noun

manus f (genitive manūs); fourth declension

manūs (genitive)
manus (nominative singular)
manūs (nominative plural)
manūs (genitive singular)
manuum (genitive plural)
manuī (dative singular)
manibus (dative plural)
manum (accusative singular)
manūs (accusative plural)
manū (ablative singular)
manibus (ablative plural)
manus (singular vocative)
manūs (plural vocative)

q

via an assumed proto-form <i class="Latn mention" lang="la">*mana</i>

Balkan Romance: (via an assumed proto-form *mana)

Aromanian: mãnã

Istro-Romanian: măre

Megleno-Romanian: mǫnă

Romanian: mână

Dalmatian:

mun

Italo-Romance:

Corsican: manu

Gallurese: manu

Sassarese: manu

Italian: mano

Neapolitan: mana

Tarantino: mane, màne

Sicilian: manu

Insular Romance:

Sardinian: manu

North Italian:

Gallo-Italic:

Ligurian: man

Piedmontese: man

Romagnol: mân

Friulian: man

Istriot: man

Ladin: man

Romansch: maun

Venetan: man

Gallo-Romance:

Old Catalan: man

Catalan: mà

Franco-Provençal: man

Old French: main (see there for further descendants)

Old Occitan: man
Occitan: man

Ibero-Romance:

Navarro-Aragonese: mano

Aragonese: man

Old Leonese: [Term?]

Asturian: mano

Extremaduran: manu

Mirandese: mano

desctree

Old Galician-Portuguese: mão
Fala: man
Galician: man, mao
Portuguese: mão (see there for further descendants)

Old Spanish: mano

Spanish: mano (see there for further descendants)

Vulgar Latin: (see there for further descendants)

*mania

*manizāre

Borrowings:

→ English: manus

→ Esperanto: mano

→ Ido: manuo

→ Interlingua: mano

From Proto-Italic *manus, further etymology is disputed. Possible cognates include Proto-Germanic *mundō (> Old English mund (“hand, hand of protection, protector”), whence modern English mound), Ancient Greek μάρη (márē, “hand”) (a hapax legomenon of dubious authenticity) and Hittite [script needed] (manii̯aḫḫ-ⁱ, “to distribute, entrust”).
Proposals for further etymology include:
* a Proto-Indo-European *méh₂-r̥ ~ *mh₂-én-, from *(s)meh₂- (“to beckon, signal”), favoured by Mallory and D. Q. Adams
* a Proto-Indo-European *mon-u-, with a later change from mo- to ma- in an open syllable, possibly connected to Old Irish muin (“protection”) too, favoured by Schrijver and de Vaan (although de Vaan finds the Irish term semantically difficult).

cog

(law) legal power of a man over his wife


cena

la-noun

cēna f (genitive cēnae); first declension

cēna (canonical feminine)
cēnae (genitive)
cēna (nominative singular)
cēnae (nominative plural)
cēnae (genitive singular)
cēnārum (genitive plural)
cēnae (dative singular)
cēnīs (dative plural)
cēnam (accusative singular)
cēnās (accusative plural)
cēnā (ablative singular)
cēnīs (ablative plural)
cēna (singular vocative)
cēnae (plural vocative)

Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: tsinã

Romanian: cină

Dalmatian:

caina

Italo-Romance:

Italian: cena

→ Sicilian: cena

Neapolitan: cena

Padanian:

Friulian: cene

Ligurian: çenn-a

Lombard: sèna, zèna, scèna, sina

Piedmontese: sin-a, sen-a, sèina, sna

Romansch: tschaina

Venetan: sena, çéna, ẑena

Northern Gallo-Romance:

Franco-Provençal: céna (dialectal)

Southern Gallo-Romance:

>? Aragonese: cena

Ibero-Romance:

desctree

Old Galician-Portuguese: cẽa, cea
Galician: cea
Portuguese: ceia

Spanish: cena

Insular Romance:

Sardinian: chena (Logudorese), cena (Campidanese)

Borrowings

→ Catalan: cena

→ French: cène, Cène

→ Occitan: cena

→ Proto-Brythonic: *kinjọ

Breton: koan

Cornish: koen

Welsh: cinio

From Old Latin cesna, from Proto-Italic *kertsnā (compare Umbrian śesna, Oscan kersnu), from Proto-Indo-European *kért-sneh₂ (“portion”), from root *(s)kert- (“to cut”), from *(s)ker- (compare Lithuanian kérti, Armenian քերթել (kʻertʻel, “to skin”), Sanskrit कृन्तति (kṛntáti, “he cuts (in pieces)”)). Related to cortex, scortum.

cog

(Medieval Latin, law, historical) gwestva (a duty levied by Welsh kings twice a year upon the free men of their kingdom)


arbiter

la-noun

arbiter m (genitive arbitrī, feminine arbitra); second declension

arbitrī (genitive)
arbitra (feminine)
arbiter (nominative singular)
arbitrī (nominative plural)
arbitrī (genitive singular)
arbitrōrum (genitive plural)
arbitrō (dative singular)
arbitrīs (dative plural)
arbitrum (accusative singular)
arbitrōs (accusative plural)
arbitrō (ablative singular)
arbitrīs (ablative plural)
arbiter (singular vocative)
arbitrī (plural vocative)

Portuguese: álvidro

→ Catalan: àrbitre

→ English: arbiter

desctree

→ French: arbitre
→ Russian: арбитр (arbitr)
→ Georgian: არბიტრი (arbiṭri)

→ Italian: arbitro

→ Portuguese: árbitro

→ Romanian: arbitru

→ Sicilian: àrbitru

→ Spanish: árbitro

Uncertain, but probably cognate to Umbrian ařputrati (“according to the judgement”, abl.sg.), corresponding to Latin arbitrātū. Possibly from ad- + baetō, with sporadic d > r as in arvorsum, arfuise, thus originally meaning "one that goes to something in order to see or hear it". However, that verb has no certain etymology, and the Umbrian pu remains unexplained. De Vaan suggests a derivation from putō to explain the Umbrian pu, however that is still morphologically difficult since the latter is based on an adjective. The voiced b would have to be exceptional or explained by some peculiarity of the řp sequence in Umbrian.

cog

(law) arbitrator, arbiter (having a wider power than a iūdex)


actio

la-noun

āctiō f (genitive āctiōnis); third declension

āctiō (canonical feminine)
āctiōnis (genitive)
āctiō (nominative singular)
āctiōnēs (nominative plural)
āctiōnis (genitive singular)
āctiōnum (genitive plural)
āctiōnī (dative singular)
āctiōnibus (dative plural)
āctiōnem (accusative singular)
āctiōnēs (accusative plural)
āctiōne (ablative singular)
āctiōnibus (ablative plural)
āctiō (singular vocative)
āctiōnēs (plural vocative)

→ Asturian: aición, aciu

→ Belarusian: а́кцыя (ákcyja)

→ Catalan: acció

→ Corsican: azzione, azzioni

→ Czech: akce

→ Dutch: actie

→ German: Aktie

→ Danish: aktie

→ Malay: aksi

Friulian: azion

→ Galician: acción

→ Georgian: აქცია (akcia)

→ German: Aktion

→ Italian: azione

Ladin: azion

→ Ladino: aksión

→ Occitan: accion

→ Old French: action

desctree

→ Middle English: accion, accioun, accyon, accyoune, acsyon, action, actioun
English: action
→ Arabic: أَكْشِن (ʔakšin)
→ Bulgarian: екшън (ekšǎn)
→ German: Action
→ Irish: aicsean
→ Hebrew: אקשן (akshn)
→ Japanese: アクション (akushon)
→ Korean: 액션 (aeksyeon)
→ Russian: экшн (ekšn)
Scots: action

French: action

→ Romanian: acțiune

Piedmontese: assion

→ Polish: akcja, akcyja (Middle Polish), akcya (pre-reform orthography (1816)) (learned)
→ Kashubian: akcjô

→ Portuguese: ação

→ Russian: а́кция (ákcija)

→ Serbo-Croatian: а̀кција, àkcija

Sicilian: azziuni, azzioni

→ Maltese: azzjoni

→ Spanish: acción

→ Ukrainian: а́кція (ákcija)

From āctum + -tiō, using the supine of agō (“do, make”).


causa

la-noun

causa f (genitive causae); first declension

causae (genitive)
causa (nominative singular)
causae (nominative plural)
causae (genitive singular)
causārum (genitive plural)
causae (dative singular)
causīs (dative plural)
causam (accusative singular)
causās (accusative plural)
causā (ablative singular)
causīs (ablative plural)
causa (singular vocative)
causae (plural vocative)

From Old Latin caussa, from Proto-Italic *kaussā, further origin unknown. Connected by some to Latin cudo (“I strike”), in the sense "strike a cause," in which the Proto-Indo-European form would be *kewh₂-ud-ʰ-t-, from *kewh₂- (“to cut, strike”). Others are skeptical of an Indo-European origin. Related to Etruscan 𐌂𐌀𐌅𐌔𐌀 (cavsa).

unk

unknown


fiducia

la-noun

fīdūcia f (genitive fīdūciae); first declension

fīdūcia (canonical feminine)
fīdūciae (genitive)
fīdūcia (nominative singular)
fīdūciae (nominative plural)
fīdūciae (genitive singular)
fīdūciārum (genitive plural)
fīdūciae (dative singular)
fīdūciīs (dative plural)
fīdūciam (accusative singular)
fīdūciās (accusative plural)
fīdūciā (ablative singular)
fīdūciīs (ablative plural)
fīdūcia (singular vocative)
fīdūciae (plural vocative)

North Italian:

Old Lombard: fiuxia

Old Northern Italian: fedusia

Piedmontese: fiusa

Italo-Romance:

Tuscan:

Lucca: feducia

Viareggio: feduce

Ibero-Romance:

Old Galician-Portuguese: feuza

Galician: fiúza

Portuguese: fiúza

desc

Old Spanish: feduza, feuza, fiuza, fiuzia, fuyzia, fuzia

Spanish: hucia (obsolete)

Borrowings:

→ Catalan: fidúcia

→ French: fiducie

→ Italian: fiducia

→ Sicilian: fiducia

→ Spanish: fiducia

From unattested *fīdūcus + -ia, from fīdō (“I trust”) + -ūcus, confer cadūcus.


certo

la-verb

certō (present infinitive certāre, perfect active certāvī, supine certātum); first conjugation

certō (canonical)
certāre (infinitive present)
certāvī (active perfect)
certātum (supine)
certō (active first-person indicative present singular)
certās (active indicative present second-person singular)
certat (active indicative present singular third-person)
certāmus (active first-person indicative plural present)
certātis (active indicative plural present second-person)
certant (active indicative plural present third-person)
certābam (active first-person imperfect indicative singular)
certābās (active imperfect indicative second-person singular)
certābat (active imperfect indicative singular third-person)
certābāmus (active first-person imperfect indicative plural)
certābātis (active imperfect indicative plural second-person)
certābant (active imperfect indicative plural third-person)
certābō (active first-person future indicative singular)
certābis (active future indicative second-person singular)
certābit (active future indicative singular third-person)
certābimus (active first-person future indicative plural)
certābitis (active future indicative plural second-person)
certābunt (active future indicative plural third-person)
certāvī (active first-person indicative perfect singular)
certāvistī (active indicative perfect second-person singular)
certāstī (active indicative perfect second-person singular)
certāvit (active indicative perfect singular third-person)
certāt (active indicative perfect singular third-person)
certāvimus (active first-person indicative perfect plural)
certāmus (active first-person indicative perfect plural)
certāvistis (active indicative perfect plural second-person)
certāstis (active indicative perfect plural second-person)
certāvērunt (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
certāvēre (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
certārunt (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
certāveram (active first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
certāram (active first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
certāverās (active indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
certārās (active indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
certāverat (active indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
certārat (active indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
certāverāmus (active first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
certārāmus (active first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
certāverātis (active indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
certārātis (active indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
certāverant (active indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
certārant (active indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
certāverō (active first-person future indicative perfect singular)
certārō (active first-person future indicative perfect singular)
certāveris (active future indicative perfect second-person singular)
certāris (active future indicative perfect second-person singular)
certāverit (active future indicative perfect singular third-person)
certārit (active future indicative perfect singular third-person)
certāverimus (active first-person future indicative perfect plural)
certārimus (active first-person future indicative perfect plural)
certāveritis (active future indicative perfect plural second-person)
certāritis (active future indicative perfect plural second-person)
certāverint (active future indicative perfect plural third-person)
certārint (active future indicative perfect plural third-person)
certor (first-person indicative passive present singular)
certāris (indicative passive present second-person singular)
certāre (indicative passive present second-person singular)
certātur (indicative passive present singular third-person)
certāmur (first-person indicative passive plural present)
certāminī (indicative passive plural present second-person)
certantur (indicative passive plural present third-person)
certābar (first-person imperfect indicative passive singular)
certābāris (imperfect indicative passive second-person singular)
certābāre (imperfect indicative passive second-person singular)
certābātur (imperfect indicative passive singular third-person)
certābāmur (first-person imperfect indicative passive plural)
certābāminī (imperfect indicative passive plural second-person)
certābantur (imperfect indicative passive plural third-person)
certābor (first-person future indicative passive singular)
certāberis (future indicative passive second-person singular)
certābere (future indicative passive second-person singular)
certābitur (future indicative passive singular third-person)
certābimur (first-person future indicative passive plural)
certābiminī (future indicative passive plural second-person)
certābuntur (future indicative passive plural third-person)
certem (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
certēs (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
certet (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
certēmus (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
certētis (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
certent (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
certārem (active first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
certārēs (active imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
certāret (active imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
certārēmus (active first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
certārētis (active imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
certārent (active imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
certāverim (active first-person perfect singular subjunctive)
certārim (active first-person perfect singular subjunctive)
certāverīs (active perfect second-person singular subjunctive)
certārīs (active perfect second-person singular subjunctive)
certāverit (active perfect singular subjunctive third-person)
certārit (active perfect singular subjunctive third-person)
certāverīmus (active first-person perfect plural subjunctive)
certārīmus (active first-person perfect plural subjunctive)
certāverītis (active perfect plural second-person subjunctive)
certārītis (active perfect plural second-person subjunctive)
certāverint (active perfect plural subjunctive third-person)
certārint (active perfect plural subjunctive third-person)
certāvissem (active first-person pluperfect singular subjunctive)
certāssem (active first-person pluperfect singular subjunctive)
certāvissēs (active pluperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
certāssēs (active pluperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
certāvisset (active pluperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
certāsset (active pluperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
certāvissēmus (active first-person pluperfect plural subjunctive)
certāssēmus (active first-person pluperfect plural subjunctive)
certāvissētis (active pluperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
certāssētis (active pluperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
certāvissent (active pluperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
certāssent (active pluperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
certer (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
certēris (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
certēre (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
certētur (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
certēmur (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
certēminī (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
certentur (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
certārer (first-person imperfect passive singular subjunctive)
certārēris (imperfect passive second-person singular subjunctive)
certārēre (imperfect passive second-person singular subjunctive)
certārētur (imperfect passive singular subjunctive third-person)
certārēmur (first-person imperfect passive plural subjunctive)
certārēminī (imperfect passive plural second-person subjunctive)
certārentur (imperfect passive plural subjunctive third-person)
certā (active imperative present second-person singular)
certāte (active imperative plural present second-person)
certātō (active future imperative second-person singular)
certātō (active future imperative singular third-person)
certātōte (active future imperative plural second-person)
certantō (active future imperative plural third-person)
certāre (imperative passive present second-person singular)
certāminī (imperative passive plural present second-person)
certātor (future imperative passive second-person singular)
certātor (future imperative passive singular third-person)
certantor (future imperative passive plural third-person)
certāre (active infinitive present)
certāvisse (active infinitive perfect)
certāsse (active infinitive perfect)
certātūrum esse (active future infinitive)
certārī (infinitive passive present)
certārier (infinitive passive present)
certātum esse (infinitive passive perfect)
certātum īrī (future infinitive passive)
certāns (active participle present)
certātūrus (active future participle)
certātus (participle passive perfect)
certandus (future participle passive)
certandī (genitive gerund noun-from-verb)
certandō (dative gerund noun-from-verb)
certandum (accusative gerund noun-from-verb)
certandō (ablative gerund noun-from-verb)
certātum (accusative noun-from-verb supine)
certātū (ablative noun-from-verb supine)

Albanian: qërtoj

Aromanian: ntsertu, ntsirtari

Italian: certare

Portuguese: certar

Romanian: certa, certare

Sardinian: chertare, certari, certai


ius gentium

la-noun

iūs gentium n sg (genitive iūris gentium); third declension

iūs gentium (canonical neuter singular)
iūris gentium (genitive)
iūs gentium (nominative singular)
iūris gentium (genitive singular)
iūrī gentium (dative singular)
iūs gentium (accusative singular)
iūre gentium (ablative singular)
iūs gentium (singular vocative)

→ English: jus gentium

→ English: law of nations (calque)

→ French: droit des gens (calque)


auditorium

audītōrium n (genitive audītōriī or audītōrī); second declension

audītōrium (canonical neuter)
audītōriī (genitive)
audītōrī (genitive)
audītōrium (nominative singular)
audītōria (nominative plural)
audītōriī (genitive singular)
audītōrī (genitive singular)
audītōriōrum (genitive plural)
audītōriō (dative singular)
audītōriīs (dative plural)
audītōrium (accusative singular)
audītōria (accusative plural)
audītōriō (ablative singular)
audītōriīs (ablative plural)
audītōrium (singular vocative)
audītōria (plural vocative)

→ Catalan: auditori

→ English: auditorium

→ French: auditoire, auditorium

→ Galician: auditorio

→ Italian: auditorio

→ Portuguese: auditório

→ Romanian: auditoriu

→ Russian: аудито́рия (auditórija)

→ Spanish: auditorio, auditórium

Nominalized neuter form of the adjective audītōrius (“relating to a hearer or hearing”); equivalent to audītor (“hearer”) + -ium (nominal suffix) or audiō (“to hear, listen to”) + -tōrium (suffix forming nouns denoting places).

af

[äu̯d̪iːˈt̪oːriʊ̃ˑ]

(law) a hearing of a cause at law, a judicial examination


sors

la-noun

sors f (genitive sortis); third declension

sortis (genitive)
sors (nominative singular)
sortēs (nominative plural)
sortis (genitive singular)
sortium (genitive plural)
sortī (dative singular)
sortibus (dative plural)
sortem (accusative singular)
sortēs (accusative plural)
sortīs (accusative plural)
sorte (ablative singular)
sortī (ablative singular)
sortibus (ablative plural)
sors (singular vocative)
sortēs (plural vocative)

→ Albanian: short

Aromanian: soarti, soarte

Asturian: suerte

Catalan: sort

Dalmatian: suart

⇒ English: sorcery

French: sort

Friulian: sorte

Galician: sorte

→ Hungarian: sors

Istriot: suorto

Italian: sorte

Neapolitan: ciorta

Norman: sort

Occitan: sòrt

desctree

Old French: sorte
→ English: sort
French: sorte
→ Central Franconian: Zoot, Zort (chiefly Moselle Franconian)
→ Danish: sort
→ German: Sorte
→ Russian: сорт (sort)
→ Yiddish: סאָרט (sort)
Norman: sorte
→ Scots: sort

Portuguese: sorte

Romanian: soartă, soarte

Romansch: sort

Sardinian: solte, solti, sorte, sorti

Sicilian: sorti

Spanish: suerte

Venetan: sòrt, sorte

⇒ Vulgar Latin: *sorticula

Catalan: sortilla

Old Galician-Portuguese: sortella

Galician: sortella

Old Spanish: sortija

Spanish: sortija

From Proto-Italic *sortis (“joining, joint”), from Proto-Indo-European *sér-ti-s, from *ser- (“to bind”). Cognate with serō (“to link together”), seriēs (“row, series”), sermō (“conversation”).

(Medieval Latin, law) lands and easements attached to a property


dico

la-verb

dīcō (present infinitive dīcere, perfect active dīxī, supine dictum); third conjugation, irregular short imperative

dīcō (canonical)
irregular short imperative (canonical)
dīcere (infinitive present)
dīxī (active perfect)
dictum (supine)
dīcō (active first-person indicative present singular)
dīcis (active indicative present second-person singular)
dīcit (active indicative present singular third-person)
dīcimus (active first-person indicative plural present)
dīcitis (active indicative plural present second-person)
dīcunt (active indicative plural present third-person)
dīcēbam (active first-person imperfect indicative singular)
dīcēbās (active imperfect indicative second-person singular)
dīcēbat (active imperfect indicative singular third-person)
dīcēbāmus (active first-person imperfect indicative plural)
dīcēbātis (active imperfect indicative plural second-person)
dīcēbant (active imperfect indicative plural third-person)
dīcam (active first-person future indicative singular)
dīcēbō (active archaic first-person future indicative singular)
dīcēs (active future indicative second-person singular)
dīcet (active future indicative singular third-person)
dīcēbit (active archaic future indicative singular third-person)
dīcēmus (active first-person future indicative plural)
dīcētis (active future indicative plural second-person)
dīcent (active future indicative plural third-person)
dīxī (active first-person indicative perfect singular)
dīxistī (active indicative perfect second-person singular)
dīxtī (active indicative perfect second-person singular)
dīxit (active indicative perfect singular third-person)
dīximus (active first-person indicative perfect plural)
dīxistis (active indicative perfect plural second-person)
dīxērunt (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
dīxēre (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
dīxeram (active first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
dīxerās (active indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
dīxerat (active indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
dīxerāmus (active first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
dīxerātis (active indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
dīxerant (active indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
dīxerō (active first-person future indicative perfect singular)
dīxeris (active future indicative perfect second-person singular)
dīxerit (active future indicative perfect singular third-person)
dīxerimus (active first-person future indicative perfect plural)
dīxeritis (active future indicative perfect plural second-person)
dīxerint (active future indicative perfect plural third-person)
dīxō (active first-person future sigmatic singular)
dīxis (active future second-person sigmatic singular)
dīxit (active future sigmatic singular third-person)
dīximus (active first-person future plural sigmatic)
dīxitis (active future plural second-person sigmatic)
dīxint (active future plural sigmatic third-person)
dīcor (first-person indicative passive present singular)
dīceris (indicative passive present second-person singular)
dīcere (indicative passive present second-person singular)
dīcitur (indicative passive present singular third-person)
dīcimur (first-person indicative passive plural present)
dīciminī (indicative passive plural present second-person)
dīcuntur (indicative passive plural present third-person)
dīcēbar (first-person imperfect indicative passive singular)
dīcēbāris (imperfect indicative passive second-person singular)
dīcēbāre (imperfect indicative passive second-person singular)
dīcēbātur (imperfect indicative passive singular third-person)
dīcēbāmur (first-person imperfect indicative passive plural)
dīcēbāminī (imperfect indicative passive plural second-person)
dīcēbantur (imperfect indicative passive plural third-person)
dīcar (first-person future indicative passive singular)
dīcēris (future indicative passive second-person singular)
dīcēre (future indicative passive second-person singular)
dīcētur (future indicative passive singular third-person)
dīcēmur (first-person future indicative passive plural)
dīcēminī (future indicative passive plural second-person)
dīcentur (future indicative passive plural third-person)
dīcam (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
dīcās (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
dīcat (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
dīcāmus (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
dīcātis (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
dīcant (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
dīcerem (active first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
dīcerēs (active imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
dīceret (active imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
dīcerēmus (active first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
dīcerētis (active imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
dīcerent (active imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
dīxerim (active first-person perfect singular subjunctive)
dīxerīs (active perfect second-person singular subjunctive)
dīxerit (active perfect singular subjunctive third-person)
dīxerīmus (active first-person perfect plural subjunctive)
dīxerītis (active perfect plural second-person subjunctive)
dīxerint (active perfect plural subjunctive third-person)
dīxissem (active first-person pluperfect singular subjunctive)
dīxissēs (active pluperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
dīxisset (active pluperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
dīxissēmus (active first-person pluperfect plural subjunctive)
dīxissētis (active pluperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
dīxissent (active pluperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
dīxim (active aorist first-person sigmatic singular)
dīxīs (active aorist second-person sigmatic singular)
dīxīt (active aorist sigmatic singular third-person)
dīxīmus (active aorist first-person plural sigmatic)
dīxītis (active aorist plural second-person sigmatic)
dīxint (active aorist plural sigmatic third-person)
dīcar (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
dīcāris (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
dīcāre (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
dīcātur (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
dīcāmur (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
dīcāminī (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
dīcantur (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
dīcerer (first-person imperfect passive singular subjunctive)
dīcerēris (imperfect passive second-person singular subjunctive)
dīcerēre (imperfect passive second-person singular subjunctive)
dīcerētur (imperfect passive singular subjunctive third-person)
dīcerēmur (first-person imperfect passive plural subjunctive)
dīcerēminī (imperfect passive plural second-person subjunctive)
dīcerentur (imperfect passive plural subjunctive third-person)
dīc (active imperative present second-person singular)
dīce (active archaic imperative present second-person singular)
dīcite (active imperative plural present second-person)
dīcitō (active future imperative second-person singular)
dīcitō (active future imperative singular third-person)
dīcitōte (active future imperative plural second-person)
dīcuntō (active future imperative plural third-person)
dīcere (imperative passive present second-person singular)
dīciminī (imperative passive plural present second-person)
dīcitor (future imperative passive second-person singular)
dīcitor (future imperative passive singular third-person)
dīcuntor (future imperative passive plural third-person)
dīcere (active infinitive present)
dīxisse (active infinitive perfect)
dīxe (active infinitive perfect)
dictūrum esse (active future infinitive)
dīcī (infinitive passive present)
dīcier (infinitive passive present)
dictum esse (infinitive passive perfect)
dictum īrī (future infinitive passive)
dīcēns (active participle present)
dictūrus (active future participle)
dictus (participle passive perfect)
dīcendus (future participle passive)
dīcundus (future participle passive)
dīcendī (genitive gerund noun-from-verb)
dīcendō (dative gerund noun-from-verb)
dīcendum (accusative gerund noun-from-verb)
dīcendō (ablative gerund noun-from-verb)
dictum (accusative noun-from-verb supine)
dictū (ablative noun-from-verb supine)

Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: dzãc, dzãtsiri

Istro-Romanian: zic

Megleno-Romanian: zic, ziceri, zițiri

Romanian: zice, zicere

Dalmatian:

dicro, decro, dekro

Italo-Romance:

Corsican: dì

Gallurese: dì

Italian: dire

Neapolitan: dicere

Sassarese: dì

Sicilian: diri, dìciri

North Italian:

Friulian: dî

Istriot: deî

Ladin: dì, dir

Ligurian: dî

Piedmontese: dì

desc

Romansch: dir, deir (Surmiran), dür (Puter, Vallader), gir, dir (Rumantsch Grischun, Sursilvan, Puter, Vallader), deir (Surmiran), deir, dir (Sursilvan, Sutsilvan, Rumantsch Grischun), dür (Puter, Vallader)

Venetan: dir

Gallo-Romance:

Franco-Provençal: dére

French: dire

→ Esperanto: diri

Norman: dithe (Jersey)

Walloon: dire

Occitano-Romance:

Catalan: dir, dire (Northern, Alghero), diure (Alghero)

Occitan: dire, díder, díser, díguer

Ibero-Romance:

Navarro-Aragonese: dezir, deçir, dizir

Aragonese: decir, dicir

Old Leonese:

Asturian: dicir

Extremaduran: dizil

Leonese: dicire

Mirandese: dezir, dexir

desctree

Old Galician-Portuguese: dizer
Galician: dicir, dizer (reintegrationist), decer
Portuguese: dizer

Old Spanish: dezir, deçir, dicer, dizer, dizir
Ladino: dezir, dizer, dizir
Spanish: decir

Borrowings:

→ English: dictum, ipse dixit

→ French: dixit

From Proto-Italic *deikō, from Proto-Indo-European *déyḱti (“to show, point out”) (reformed as a thematic verb). The perfect forms are derived from Proto-Indo-European *dḗyḱst.
Cognates include Oscan 𐌃𐌄𐌝𐌊𐌖𐌌 (deíkum, “to show, point out”), Sanskrit दिशति (diśáti), Ancient Greek δείκνυμι (deíknumi) and Old English tǣċan (English teach).


vitio

la-verb

vitiō (present infinitive vitiāre, perfect active vitiāvī, supine vitiātum); first conjugation

vitiō (canonical)
vitiāre (infinitive present)
vitiāvī (active perfect)
vitiātum (supine)
vitiō (active first-person indicative present singular)
vitiās (active indicative present second-person singular)
vitiat (active indicative present singular third-person)
vitiāmus (active first-person indicative plural present)
vitiātis (active indicative plural present second-person)
vitiant (active indicative plural present third-person)
vitiābam (active first-person imperfect indicative singular)
vitiābās (active imperfect indicative second-person singular)
vitiābat (active imperfect indicative singular third-person)
vitiābāmus (active first-person imperfect indicative plural)
vitiābātis (active imperfect indicative plural second-person)
vitiābant (active imperfect indicative plural third-person)
vitiābō (active first-person future indicative singular)
vitiābis (active future indicative second-person singular)
vitiābit (active future indicative singular third-person)
vitiābimus (active first-person future indicative plural)
vitiābitis (active future indicative plural second-person)
vitiābunt (active future indicative plural third-person)
vitiāvī (active first-person indicative perfect singular)
vitiāvistī (active indicative perfect second-person singular)
vitiāvit (active indicative perfect singular third-person)
vitiāvimus (active first-person indicative perfect plural)
vitiāvistis (active indicative perfect plural second-person)
vitiāvērunt (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
vitiāvēre (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
vitiāveram (active first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
vitiāverās (active indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
vitiāverat (active indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
vitiāverāmus (active first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
vitiāverātis (active indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
vitiāverant (active indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
vitiāverō (active first-person future indicative perfect singular)
vitiāveris (active future indicative perfect second-person singular)
vitiāverit (active future indicative perfect singular third-person)
vitiāverimus (active first-person future indicative perfect plural)
vitiāveritis (active future indicative perfect plural second-person)
vitiāverint (active future indicative perfect plural third-person)
vitior (first-person indicative passive present singular)
vitiāris (indicative passive present second-person singular)
vitiāre (indicative passive present second-person singular)
vitiātur (indicative passive present singular third-person)
vitiāmur (first-person indicative passive plural present)
vitiāminī (indicative passive plural present second-person)
vitiantur (indicative passive plural present third-person)
vitiābar (first-person imperfect indicative passive singular)
vitiābāris (imperfect indicative passive second-person singular)
vitiābāre (imperfect indicative passive second-person singular)
vitiābātur (imperfect indicative passive singular third-person)
vitiābāmur (first-person imperfect indicative passive plural)
vitiābāminī (imperfect indicative passive plural second-person)
vitiābantur (imperfect indicative passive plural third-person)
vitiābor (first-person future indicative passive singular)
vitiāberis (future indicative passive second-person singular)
vitiābere (future indicative passive second-person singular)
vitiābitur (future indicative passive singular third-person)
vitiābimur (first-person future indicative passive plural)
vitiābiminī (future indicative passive plural second-person)
vitiābuntur (future indicative passive plural third-person)
vitiem (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
vitiēs (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
vitiet (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
vitiēmus (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
vitiētis (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
vitient (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
vitiārem (active first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
vitiārēs (active imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
vitiāret (active imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
vitiārēmus (active first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
vitiārētis (active imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
vitiārent (active imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
vitiāverim (active first-person perfect singular subjunctive)
vitiāverīs (active perfect second-person singular subjunctive)
vitiāverit (active perfect singular subjunctive third-person)
vitiāverīmus (active first-person perfect plural subjunctive)
vitiāverītis (active perfect plural second-person subjunctive)
vitiāverint (active perfect plural subjunctive third-person)
vitiāvissem (active first-person pluperfect singular subjunctive)
vitiāvissēs (active pluperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
vitiāvisset (active pluperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
vitiāvissēmus (active first-person pluperfect plural subjunctive)
vitiāvissētis (active pluperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
vitiāvissent (active pluperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
vitier (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
vitiēris (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
vitiēre (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
vitiētur (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
vitiēmur (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
vitiēminī (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
vitientur (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
vitiārer (first-person imperfect passive singular subjunctive)
vitiārēris (imperfect passive second-person singular subjunctive)
vitiārēre (imperfect passive second-person singular subjunctive)
vitiārētur (imperfect passive singular subjunctive third-person)
vitiārēmur (first-person imperfect passive plural subjunctive)
vitiārēminī (imperfect passive plural second-person subjunctive)
vitiārentur (imperfect passive plural subjunctive third-person)
vitiā (active imperative present second-person singular)
vitiāte (active imperative plural present second-person)
vitiātō (active future imperative second-person singular)
vitiātō (active future imperative singular third-person)
vitiātōte (active future imperative plural second-person)
vitiantō (active future imperative plural third-person)
vitiāre (imperative passive present second-person singular)
vitiāminī (imperative passive plural present second-person)
vitiātor (future imperative passive second-person singular)
vitiātor (future imperative passive singular third-person)
vitiantor (future imperative passive plural third-person)
vitiāre (active infinitive present)
vitiāvisse (active infinitive perfect)
vitiātūrum esse (active future infinitive)
vitiārī (infinitive passive present)
vitiātum esse (infinitive passive perfect)
vitiātum īrī (future infinitive passive)
vitiāns (active participle present)
vitiātūrus (active future participle)
vitiātus (participle passive perfect)
vitiandus (future participle passive)
vitiandī (genitive gerund noun-from-verb)
vitiandō (dative gerund noun-from-verb)
vitiandum (accusative gerund noun-from-verb)
vitiandō (ablative gerund noun-from-verb)
vitiātum (accusative noun-from-verb supine)
vitiātū (ablative noun-from-verb supine)

English: vitiate

French: vicier

Italian: viziare

Piedmontese: vissié

Portuguese: viciar

Spanish: viciar


recuso

recūsō (present infinitive recūsāre, perfect active recūsāvī, supine recūsātum); first conjugation

recūsō (canonical)
recūsāre (infinitive present)
recūsāvī (active perfect)
recūsātum (supine)
recūsō (active first-person indicative present singular)
recūsās (active indicative present second-person singular)
recūsat (active indicative present singular third-person)
recūsāmus (active first-person indicative plural present)
recūsātis (active indicative plural present second-person)
recūsant (active indicative plural present third-person)
recūsābam (active first-person imperfect indicative singular)
recūsābās (active imperfect indicative second-person singular)
recūsābat (active imperfect indicative singular third-person)
recūsābāmus (active first-person imperfect indicative plural)
recūsābātis (active imperfect indicative plural second-person)
recūsābant (active imperfect indicative plural third-person)
recūsābō (active first-person future indicative singular)
recūsābis (active future indicative second-person singular)
recūsābit (active future indicative singular third-person)
recūsābimus (active first-person future indicative plural)
recūsābitis (active future indicative plural second-person)
recūsābunt (active future indicative plural third-person)
recūsāvī (active first-person indicative perfect singular)
recūsāvistī (active indicative perfect second-person singular)
recūsāstī (active indicative perfect second-person singular)
recūsāvit (active indicative perfect singular third-person)
recūsāt (active indicative perfect singular third-person)
recūsāvimus (active first-person indicative perfect plural)
recūsāmus (active first-person indicative perfect plural)
recūsāvistis (active indicative perfect plural second-person)
recūsāstis (active indicative perfect plural second-person)
recūsāvērunt (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
recūsāvēre (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
recūsārunt (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
recūsāveram (active first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
recūsāram (active first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
recūsāverās (active indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
recūsārās (active indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
recūsāverat (active indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
recūsārat (active indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
recūsāverāmus (active first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
recūsārāmus (active first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
recūsāverātis (active indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
recūsārātis (active indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
recūsāverant (active indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
recūsārant (active indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
recūsāverō (active first-person future indicative perfect singular)
recūsārō (active first-person future indicative perfect singular)
recūsāveris (active future indicative perfect second-person singular)
recūsāris (active future indicative perfect second-person singular)
recūsāverit (active future indicative perfect singular third-person)
recūsārit (active future indicative perfect singular third-person)
recūsāverimus (active first-person future indicative perfect plural)
recūsārimus (active first-person future indicative perfect plural)
recūsāveritis (active future indicative perfect plural second-person)
recūsāritis (active future indicative perfect plural second-person)
recūsāverint (active future indicative perfect plural third-person)
recūsārint (active future indicative perfect plural third-person)
recūsor (first-person indicative passive present singular)
recūsāris (indicative passive present second-person singular)
recūsāre (indicative passive present second-person singular)
recūsātur (indicative passive present singular third-person)
recūsāmur (first-person indicative passive plural present)
recūsāminī (indicative passive plural present second-person)
recūsantur (indicative passive plural present third-person)
recūsābar (first-person imperfect indicative passive singular)
recūsābāris (imperfect indicative passive second-person singular)
recūsābāre (imperfect indicative passive second-person singular)
recūsābātur (imperfect indicative passive singular third-person)
recūsābāmur (first-person imperfect indicative passive plural)
recūsābāminī (imperfect indicative passive plural second-person)
recūsābantur (imperfect indicative passive plural third-person)
recūsābor (first-person future indicative passive singular)
recūsāberis (future indicative passive second-person singular)
recūsābere (future indicative passive second-person singular)
recūsābitur (future indicative passive singular third-person)
recūsābimur (first-person future indicative passive plural)
recūsābiminī (future indicative passive plural second-person)
recūsābuntur (future indicative passive plural third-person)
recūsem (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
recūsēs (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
recūset (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
recūsēmus (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
recūsētis (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
recūsent (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
recūsārem (active first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
recūsārēs (active imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
recūsāret (active imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
recūsārēmus (active first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
recūsārētis (active imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
recūsārent (active imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
recūsāverim (active first-person perfect singular subjunctive)
recūsārim (active first-person perfect singular subjunctive)
recūsāverīs (active perfect second-person singular subjunctive)
recūsārīs (active perfect second-person singular subjunctive)
recūsāverit (active perfect singular subjunctive third-person)
recūsārit (active perfect singular subjunctive third-person)
recūsāverīmus (active first-person perfect plural subjunctive)
recūsārīmus (active first-person perfect plural subjunctive)
recūsāverītis (active perfect plural second-person subjunctive)
recūsārītis (active perfect plural second-person subjunctive)
recūsāverint (active perfect plural subjunctive third-person)
recūsārint (active perfect plural subjunctive third-person)
recūsāvissem (active first-person pluperfect singular subjunctive)
recūsāssem (active first-person pluperfect singular subjunctive)
recūsāvissēs (active pluperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
recūsāssēs (active pluperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
recūsāvisset (active pluperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
recūsāsset (active pluperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
recūsāvissēmus (active first-person pluperfect plural subjunctive)
recūsāssēmus (active first-person pluperfect plural subjunctive)
recūsāvissētis (active pluperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
recūsāssētis (active pluperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
recūsāvissent (active pluperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
recūsāssent (active pluperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
recūser (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
recūsēris (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
recūsēre (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
recūsētur (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
recūsēmur (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
recūsēminī (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
recūsentur (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
recūsārer (first-person imperfect passive singular subjunctive)
recūsārēris (imperfect passive second-person singular subjunctive)
recūsārēre (imperfect passive second-person singular subjunctive)
recūsārētur (imperfect passive singular subjunctive third-person)
recūsārēmur (first-person imperfect passive plural subjunctive)
recūsārēminī (imperfect passive plural second-person subjunctive)
recūsārentur (imperfect passive plural subjunctive third-person)
recūsā (active imperative present second-person singular)
recūsāte (active imperative plural present second-person)
recūsātō (active future imperative second-person singular)
recūsātō (active future imperative singular third-person)
recūsātōte (active future imperative plural second-person)
recūsantō (active future imperative plural third-person)
recūsāre (imperative passive present second-person singular)
recūsāminī (imperative passive plural present second-person)
recūsātor (future imperative passive second-person singular)
recūsātor (future imperative passive singular third-person)
recūsantor (future imperative passive plural third-person)
recūsāre (active infinitive present)
recūsāvisse (active infinitive perfect)
recūsāsse (active infinitive perfect)
recūsātūrum esse (active future infinitive)
recūsārī (infinitive passive present)
recūsātum esse (infinitive passive perfect)
recūsātum īrī (future infinitive passive)
recūsāns (active participle present)
recūsātūrus (active future participle)
recūsātus (participle passive perfect)
recūsandus (future participle passive)
recūsandī (genitive gerund noun-from-verb)
recūsandō (dative gerund noun-from-verb)
recūsandum (accusative gerund noun-from-verb)
recūsandō (ablative gerund noun-from-verb)
recūsātum (accusative noun-from-verb supine)
recūsātū (ablative noun-from-verb supine)

Catalan: recusar

Old French: reüsier

French: ruser

→ Old French: recuser

→ Middle English: recusen

English: recuse

→ French: récuser

Anglo-Norman: reuser, ruser

desctree

→ Middle English: rousen
English: rouse
Yola: rooze

Galician: recusar

Italian: ricusare

Portuguese: recusar

Romanian: recuza

Spanish: recusar


elogium

la-noun

ēlogium n (genitive ēlogiī or ēlogī); second declension

ēlogium (canonical neuter)
ēlogiī (genitive)
ēlogī (genitive)
ēlogium (nominative singular)
ēlogia (nominative plural)
ēlogiī (genitive singular)
ēlogī (genitive singular)
ēlogiōrum (genitive plural)
ēlogiō (dative singular)
ēlogiīs (dative plural)
ēlogium (accusative singular)
ēlogia (accusative plural)
ēlogiō (ablative singular)
ēlogiīs (ablative plural)
ēlogium (singular vocative)
ēlogia (plural vocative)

Catalan: elogi

→ English: elogium

French: éloge

Galician: eloxio

Italian: elogio

Portuguese: elogio

Spanish: elogio

[eːˈɫ̪ɔɡiʊ̃ˑ]

Blend of of Ancient Greek ἐλεγεῖον (elegeîon, “an elegiac distich”) and ē (“out”) + λόγιον (lógion, “the word of an oracle”).

bor

(law) judicial statement, extract, summary

short saying or sentence:
judicial statement, extract, summary


maximus

maxima (feminine)
maximum (neuter)
magnus (positive)
maximus (masculine nominative singular)
maxima (feminine nominative singular)
maximum (neuter nominative singular)
maximī (masculine nominative plural)
maximae (feminine nominative plural)
maxima (neuter nominative plural)
maximī (genitive masculine singular)
maximae (feminine genitive singular)
maximī (genitive neuter singular)
maximōrum (genitive masculine plural)
maximārum (feminine genitive plural)
maximōrum (genitive neuter plural)
maximō (dative masculine singular)
maximae (dative feminine singular)
maximō (dative neuter singular)
maximīs (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
maximum (accusative masculine singular)
maximam (accusative feminine singular)
maximum (accusative neuter singular)
maximōs (accusative masculine plural)
maximās (accusative feminine plural)
maxima (accusative neuter plural)
maximō (ablative masculine singular)
maximā (ablative feminine singular)
maximō (ablative neuter singular)
maximīs (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
maxime (masculine singular vocative)
maxima (feminine singular vocative)
maximum (neuter singular vocative)
maximī (masculine plural vocative)
maximae (feminine plural vocative)
maxima (neuter plural vocative)
maximī (locative masculine singular)
maximae (feminine locative singular)
maximī (locative neuter singular)
maximīs (feminine locative masculine neuter plural)

Old French: maisme

Old Francorprovençal: maimamen, maymament, *maismament

Franco-Provençal: maîmament

⇒ Piedmontese: meimament

→ English: maximum

→ French: maximum

→ Italian: massimo

→ Portuguese: máximo

→ Romanian: maxim

→ Spanish: máximo

From Proto-Italic *magisəmos, from Proto-Indo-European *méǵh₂s (“great”).

uti optimae maximaeque sunt (aedēs)

the building is free from any encumberance

Superlative degree of magnus: greatest (in various senses):


ex aequo et bono

(law) according to what is right and good - rather than according to the law


nominator

la-noun

nōminātor m (genitive nōminātōris); third declension

nōminātor (canonical masculine)
nōminātōris (genitive)
nōminātor (nominative singular)
nōminātōrēs (nominative plural)
nōminātōris (genitive singular)
nōminātōrum (genitive plural)
nōminātōrī (dative singular)
nōminātōribus (dative plural)
nōminātōrem (accusative singular)
nōminātōrēs (accusative plural)
nōminātōre (ablative singular)
nōminātōribus (ablative plural)
nōminātor (singular vocative)
nōminātōrēs (plural vocative)


lex lata

lēx lāta f sg (genitive lēgis lātae); third declension

lēx lāta (canonical feminine singular)
lēgis lātae (genitive)
lēx lāta (nominative singular)
lēgis lātae (genitive singular)
lēgī lātae (dative singular)
lēgem lātam (accusative singular)
lēge lātā (ablative singular)
lēx lāta (singular vocative)

Literally "the law borne", i.e. ratified. Compare lēgislātor (“one who makes laws”); literally, "bearer of the law".


lex ferenda

lēx ferenda f sg (genitive lēgis ferendae); third declension

lēx ferenda (canonical feminine singular)
lēgis ferendae (genitive)
lēx ferenda (nominative singular)
lēgis ferendae (genitive singular)
lēgī ferendae (dative singular)
lēgem ferendam (accusative singular)
lēge ferendā (ablative singular)
lēx ferenda (singular vocative)

Literally, "the law to be borne", as opposed to lēx lāta.


peregrinus

peregrīnus m (genitive peregrīnī); second declension

peregrīnus (canonical masculine)
peregrīnī (genitive)
peregrīnus (nominative singular)
peregrīnī (nominative plural)
peregrīnī (genitive singular)
peregrīnōrum (genitive plural)
peregrīnō (dative singular)
peregrīnīs (dative plural)
peregrīnum (accusative singular)
peregrīnōs (accusative plural)
peregrīnō (ablative singular)
peregrīnīs (ablative plural)
peregrīne (singular vocative)
peregrīnī (plural vocative)

Italo-Romance:

Italian: pellegrino

Sicilian: piḍḍigrinu

Gallo-Italic

Ligurian: pelegrìn

Lombard: pelegrìn

Piedmontese: pelerin, pelegrin

Romansch: pelegrin

Northern Gallo-Romance:

desctree

Old French: pelerin, peligrin, pellegrin, peregrin
Middle French: pelerin
French: pèlerin
→ Romanian: pelerin m
Norman: pèlerîn
→ Middle English: pilegrim, pilgrim, pilgram, pilgrem, pilgrum, pilgerim, pilegrin, pillegrim (via peligrin, pellegrin)
English: pilgrim
Scots: pilgrim, pelegrin, pilgrin, pilgren, pylgryne
→ Middle English: pelerin, pelrin (via pelerin)
English: pelerin
Scots: pelerin, pellerin, pilleryn

Southern Gallo-Romance:

Catalan: pelegrí

Occitan: pelegrin

Ibero-Romance:

Asturian: pelegrín

Galician: pelegrín → pelegrino

→ Proto-Brythonic:

Breton: pirc'hirin

Welsh: pererin

→ Old French: peregrin
French: pérégrin
→ Middle English: peregrin, peregrine
English: peregrine
Scots: peregrine, peregryne

→ Galician: peregrino

→ Proto-West Germanic: *pelegrīm (see there for further descendants)

→ Manx: pirgrin

→ Old Norse: pílagrímr

Danish: pilgrim

Icelandic: pílagrímur

Norwegian: pilegrim

Swedish: pilgrim

→ Portuguese: peregrino

→ Romanian: peregrin

→ Spanish: peregrino

(law) a foreigner who is neither resident nor domiciled in the jurisdiction of the court


cognitio

la-noun

cognitiō f (genitive cognitiōnis); third declension

cognitiō (canonical feminine)
cognitiōnis (genitive)
cognitiō (nominative singular)
cognitiōnēs (nominative plural)
cognitiōnis (genitive singular)
cognitiōnum (genitive plural)
cognitiōnī (dative singular)
cognitiōnibus (dative plural)
cognitiōnem (accusative singular)
cognitiōnēs (accusative plural)
cognitiōne (ablative singular)
cognitiōnibus (ablative plural)
cognitiō (singular vocative)
cognitiōnēs (plural vocative)

→ Catalan: cognició

→ English: cognition

→ French: cognition

→ Galician: cognición

→ Italian: cognizione

→ Occitan: cognicion

→ Portuguese: cognição

→ Spanish: cognición

From cognōscō (“to get to know”) + -tiō (“resultative noun suffix”).

af

(law) investigation, judicial examination, inquiry, cognizance, trial


suspendatur

(law) "Let him be hanged"; Used as warrant for the executioner in medieval plea rolls for capital cases.


exceptio

la-noun

exceptiō f (genitive exceptiōnis); third declension

exceptiō (canonical feminine)
exceptiōnis (genitive)
exceptiō (nominative singular)
exceptiōnēs (nominative plural)
exceptiōnis (genitive singular)
exceptiōnum (genitive plural)
exceptiōnī (dative singular)
exceptiōnibus (dative plural)
exceptiōnem (accusative singular)
exceptiōnēs (accusative plural)
exceptiōne (ablative singular)
exceptiōnibus (ablative plural)
exceptiō (singular vocative)
exceptiōnēs (plural vocative)

Catalan: excepció

English: exception

French: exception

Italian: eccezione

Maltese: eċċezzjoni

→ Old French: excepcion

Anglo-Norman: excepcioun

→ Dutch: exceptie

Portuguese: excepção, exceção

Romanian: excepție

Sicilian: accizziuni

Spanish: excepción

From excipiō (“take out, withdraw; make an exception, except”) + -tiō.

affix

1659, “Vel denique introduceretur nova lege exceptio aut liberatio quaedam; E nam et tunc in praeteritis quoquo negotiis, quorum obligatio hactenus duravit, habere locum, aequum est; non ad id, ut in praeteritum, sed ut in futurum obligatio exceptione recenter inducta resolvatur”, in Novella decis. Ultrajectina 14 Aprilis 1659 art. 21, Paulus Voet de statutis sect. 8 cap. 1 numero 3 except. 6 pag. 292.:


privilegium

la-noun

prīvilēgium n (genitive prīvilēgiī or prīvilēgī); second declension

prīvilēgium (canonical neuter)
prīvilēgiī (genitive)
prīvilēgī (genitive)
prīvilēgium (nominative singular)
prīvilēgia (nominative plural)
prīvilēgiī (genitive singular)
prīvilēgī (genitive singular)
prīvilēgiōrum (genitive plural)
prīvilēgiō (dative singular)
prīvilēgiīs (dative plural)
prīvilēgium (accusative singular)
prīvilēgia (accusative plural)
prīvilēgiō (ablative singular)
prīvilēgiīs (ablative plural)
prīvilēgium (singular vocative)
prīvilēgia (plural vocative)

→ Catalan: privilegi

→ Old French: privilege

→ English: privilege

→ French: privilège

→ Gallo: privilèj

→ German: Privileg

→ Italian: privilegio

→ Norwegian Bokmål: privilegium

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: privilegium

→ Polish: przywilej

→ Portuguese: privilégio

→ Romanian: privilegiu

→ Russian: привилегия (privilegija)

→ Sicilian: privileggiu

→ Spanish: privilegio

[priːu̯ɪˈɫ̪eːɡiʊ̃ˑ]

(law) A law or bill concerning a specific individual.


ast

Probably a univerbation of at + est with subsequent contraction.

(law, protasis) but if, and if (in double stipulations)