maxilla

māxilla f (genitive māxillae); first declension

māxilla (canonical feminine)
māxillae (genitive)
māxilla (nominative singular)
māxillae (nominative plural)
māxillae (genitive singular)
māxillārum (genitive plural)
māxillae (dative singular)
māxillīs (dative plural)
māxillam (accusative singular)
māxillās (accusative plural)
māxillā (ablative singular)
māxillīs (ablative plural)
māxilla (singular vocative)
māxillae (plural vocative)

Aromanian: mãseauã

Asturian: mexella

Catalan: maixella

Middle English:

English: maxilla

desc

Friulian: massele, mašele (alternative orthography)

Galician: meixela

Italian: mascella

Ladin: masela

Megleno-Romanian: măseauă

Occitan: maissa, maissèla

→ Portuguese: maxila

Romanian: măsea

Romansch: missella, missiala (Sursilvan), misseala (Sutsilvan), missela (Surmiran), massella (Puter, Vallader)

Sardinian: mansidda, massidda, mansidha

Sicilian: masciḍḍa

Spanish: mejilla

Venetan: maseła

Diminutive of māla (“the cheekbone, jaw”), from its reconstructed Proto-Italic form *smakslā and the diminutive suffix *-elos via the following sequence of regular sound changes: *-kslelā > *-ksl̥lā > *-ksillā. Compare the formation of the following diminutives: āla–āxilla, ōlla–auxilla, paulus–pauxillus, pālus–pāxillus, vēlum–vēxillum. An alternative etymology of māla, supported by Thurneysen and Leumann, reconstructs its original form as *mandslā, from the root of mandō (“to chew”); if this is correct, the -x- in the diminutive must have instead been introduced by analogy to āxilla. Synchronically, māxilla can be viewed as ending in the Latin diminutive suffix -illus.

(anatomy) the jaw, jawbone, bone of the upper jaw

diminutive of māla:
the jaw, jawbone, bone of the upper jaw

Maxilla vero est molle os; eaque una est, cuius eadem et media et ima pars mentum est, a quo utrimque procedit ad tempora; solaque ea movetur: nam malae cum toto osse, quod superiores dentes exigit, immobiles sunt.

1938 translation by W. G. Spencer
But the lower jaw is a soft bone and a single one, of which the chin forms the middle and lowest portion, whence it is continued on the two sides to the temples; and it alone is movable, for the cheek-bones with all that bone which produces the upper teeth are immobile ― published online at LacusCurtius by Bill Thayer as Celsus: On Medicine, Book VIII

Si per haec parum proficitur, ultimum est incidere satis altis plagis sub ipsis maxillis supra collum, vel in palato citra uvam, vel eas venas, quae sub lingua sunt, ut per ea vulnera morbus erumpat.

1938 translation by W. G. Spencer
If there is little effect from these remedies, the last resource is to make sufficiently deep incisions into the upper part of the neck under the lower jaw, or into the palate in front of the uvula, or into the veins under the tongue, in order that the disease may discharge through the incisions. ― published online at LacusCurtius by Bill Thayer as Celsus: On Medicine, Book IV

(anatomy) the lower part of the face, the jaws

diminutive of māla:
the lower part of the face, the jaws


sternum

la-noun

sternum n (genitive sternī); second declension

sternī (genitive)
sternum (nominative singular)
sterna (nominative plural)
sternī (genitive singular)
sternōrum (genitive plural)
sternō (dative singular)
sternīs (dative plural)
sternum (accusative singular)
sterna (accusative plural)
sternō (ablative singular)
sternīs (ablative plural)
sternum (singular vocative)
sterna (plural vocative)

→ Catalan: estèrnum, estern

→ Czech: sternum

→ English: sternum

→ French: sternum

→ Irish: steirneam

Borrowed from Ancient Greek στέρνον (stérnon, “breast, chest; breastbone”).


coccyx

la-noun

coccȳx m (genitive coccȳgis); third declension

coccȳx (canonical masculine)
coccȳgis (genitive)
coccȳx (nominative singular)
coccȳgēs (nominative plural)
coccȳgis (genitive singular)
coccȳgum (genitive plural)
coccȳgī (dative singular)
coccȳgibus (dative plural)
coccȳgem (accusative singular)
coccȳgēs (accusative plural)
coccȳge (ablative singular)
coccȳgibus (ablative plural)
coccȳx (singular vocative)
coccȳgēs (plural vocative)

→ Catalan: còccix (learned)

→ English: coccyx

→ German: Kokzyx

Borrowed from Ancient Greek κόκκῡξ (kókkūx).


stapes

stapēs m (genitive stapedis); third declension

stapēs (canonical masculine)
stapedis (genitive)
stapēs (nominative singular)
stapedēs (nominative plural)
stapedis (genitive singular)
stapedum (genitive plural)
stapedī (dative singular)
stapedibus (dative plural)
stapedem (accusative singular)
stapedēs (accusative plural)
stapede (ablative singular)
stapedibus (ablative plural)
stapēs (singular vocative)
stapedēs (plural vocative)
stapia (alternative rare)

→ English: stapes

→ French: stapes

→ Spanish: estápede

From a Germanic source, possibly Frankish *stap or Old High German stapf, staph (“step, stirrup”), both from Proto-Germanic *stapiz (“a step, rung (of a ladder)”). More at step.
Alternatively: Late Latin; possibly from stō (“to stand”) + pēs (“foot”).

der

(anatomy) stapes (bone in the middle ear)


Apollo

la-proper noun

Apollō m (genitive Apollinis or Apollōnis); third declension

Apollō (canonical masculine)
Apollinis (genitive)
Apollōnis (genitive)
Apollō (nominative singular)
Apollinēs (nominative plural)
Apollinis (genitive singular)
Apollōnis (genitive singular)
Apollinum (genitive plural)
Apollinī (dative singular)
Apollōnī (dative singular)
Apollinibus (dative plural)
Apollinem (accusative singular)
Apollōnem (accusative singular)
Apollinēs (accusative plural)
Apolline (ablative singular)
Apollōne (ablative singular)
Apollinibus (ablative plural)
Apollō (singular vocative)
Apollinēs (plural vocative)
Apellō (alternative pre-Classical)

From Ancient Greek Ἀπόλλων (Apóllōn). Cognate with Faliscan 𐌀𐌐𐌏𐌋𐌏 (apolo).

Sume fidem et pharetram fies manifestus Apollo

c. 25 BCE, Ovid, Heroides, Letter 15: "Sappho Phaoni"

Take up string and quiver and you are Apollo manifest

(Greek mythology, Roman mythology) Apollo


Atlas

Ā̆tlās m (genitive Ā̆tlantis); third declension

Ā̆tlās (canonical masculine)
Ā̆tlantis (genitive)
Ā̆tlās (nominative singular)
Ā̆tlantēs (nominative plural)
Ā̆tlantis (genitive singular)
Ā̆tlantum (genitive plural)
Ā̆tlantī (dative singular)
Ā̆tlantibus (dative plural)
Ā̆tlantem (accusative singular)
Ā̆tlantēs (accusative plural)
Ā̆tlante (ablative singular)
Ā̆tlantibus (ablative plural)
Ā̆tlā (singular vocative)
Ā̆tlantēs (plural vocative)

Portuguese: Atlas

Spanish: Atlas

From the name of the Ancient Greek mythological figure Ἄτλας (Átlas, “Bearer (of the Heavens)”).

"tempus, Atla, veniet, tua quo spoliabitur auro

Ovid Metamorphoses with an English translation by Frank Justus Miller. In two volumes, I, books I–VIII, 1951, page 224–225 containing Ovidus' Metamorphoses IV, 644–645

"Atlas, the time will come when your tree will be spoiled of its gold, and he who gets the glory of this spoil will be Jove's son."

arbor, et hunc praedae titulum Iove natus habebit."


Calliope

Calliopē f sg (genitive Calliopēs); first declension

Calliopē (canonical feminine singular)
Calliopēs (genitive)
Calliopē (nominative singular)
Calliopēs (genitive singular)
Calliopae (dative singular)
Calliopēn (accusative singular)
Calliopē (ablative singular)
Calliopē (singular vocative)
Calliopēa (alternative)

Italian: Calliope

See Calliopea for an alternative spelling and quotation from Ovid’s Fasti.

(Greek mythology) The Muse Calliope, goddess and muse of epic poetry, or of poetry in general


Calypso

Calypsō f sg (genitive Calypsūs or Calypsōnis); variously declined, fourth declension, third declension

Calypsō (canonical feminine singular)
variously declined (canonical)
Calypsūs (genitive)
Calypsōnis (genitive)
Calypsō (nominative singular)
Calypsūs (genitive singular)
Calypsōnis (genitive singular)
Calypsō (dative singular)
Calypsōnī (dative singular)
Calypsō (accusative singular)
Calypsōn (accusative singular)
Calypsōnem (accusative singular)
Calypsō (ablative singular)
Calypsōne (ablative singular)
Calypsō (singular vocative)

→ English: Calypso

→ Italian: Calipso

→ Spanish: Calipso

desc

→ Portuguese: Calipso, Calypso (obsolete)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Κᾰλῠψώ (Kălŭpsṓ).

(Greek mythology) Calypso (a nymph who ruled the island of Ogygia, on whose shores Odysseus was shipwrecked, whereupon she detained and entertained him for seven years, bearing him the two sons Nausithoüs and Nausinoüs)


Castor

la-proper noun

Castor m sg (genitive Castoris); third declension

Castoris (genitive)
Castor (nominative singular)
Castoris (genitive singular)
Castorī (dative singular)
Castorem (accusative singular)
Castore (ablative singular)
Castor (singular vocative)

𐌂𐌀𐌔𐌕𐌏𐌓𐌄𐌉:𐌐𐌏𐌃𐌋𐌏𐌖𐌒𐌖𐌄𐌉𐌒𐌖𐌄/𐌒𐌖𐌓𐌏𐌉𐌔

6th or 5th century BCE, Castor-Pollux dedication (image (page 3; requires access to JSTOR); facsimile)


Deo

la-prop

Dēō f sg (genitive Dēōnis); third declension

Dēō (canonical feminine singular)
Dēōnis (genitive)
Dēō (nominative singular)
Dēōnis (genitive singular)
Dēōnī (dative singular)
Dēōnem (accusative singular)
Dēōne (ablative singular)
Dēō (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Δηώ (Dēṓ), a synonym for Ancient Greek Δημήτηρ (Dēmḗtēr), the Greek counterpart of Roman Cerēs.


Dis

la-proper noun

Dīs m sg (genitive Dītis); third declension

Dīs (canonical masculine singular)
Dītis (genitive)
Dīs (nominative singular)
Dītis (genitive singular)
Dītī (dative singular)
Dītem (accusative singular)
Dīte (ablative singular)
Dīs (singular vocative)

(Roman mythology) Plūtō (god of the underworld)


Echo

la-noun

Ēchō f sg (genitive Ēchūs); fourth declension

Ēchō (canonical feminine singular)
Ēchūs (genitive)
Ēchō (nominative singular)
Ēchūs (genitive singular)
Ēchō (dative singular)
Ēchō (accusative singular)
Ēchōn (accusative singular)
Ēchō (ablative singular)
Ēchō (singular vocative)


Flora

la-proper noun

Flōra f (genitive Flōrae); first declension

Flōra (canonical feminine)
Flōrae (genitive)
Flōra (nominative singular)
Flōrae (genitive singular)
Flōrae (dative singular)
Flōram (accusative singular)
Flōrā (ablative singular)
Flōra (singular vocative)

→ English: Flora

French: Flore, Flora

→ German: Flora

Italian: Flora

Portuguese: Flora

Spanish: Flora
→ Tagalog: Flora

From Proto-Italic *Flōzā, from an ā-thematic extension of *flōs (“flower”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰléh₃s ~ *bʰl̥h₃s-és, from *bʰleh₃- (“bloom, flower”).

inh

(Roman mythology) Flora, the goddess of flowers.


Gemini

la-proper noun

Geminī m pl (genitive Geminōrum); second declension

Geminī (canonical masculine plural)
Geminōrum (genitive)
Geminī (nominative plural)
Geminōrum (genitive plural)
Geminīs (dative plural)
Geminōs (accusative plural)
Geminīs (ablative plural)
Geminī (plural vocative)

→ English: Gemini

(astronomy, astrology) Gemini (The Twins)


Hydra

Hydra f sg (genitive Hydrae); first declension

Hydrae (genitive)
Hydra (nominative singular)
Hydrae (genitive singular)
Hydrae (dative singular)
Hydram (accusative singular)
Hydrā (ablative singular)
Hydra (singular vocative)

English: Hydra, hydra

French: hydre

German: Hydra

Italian: idra

Portuguese: hidra

Spanish: hidra

(Greek mythology) The Hydra (mythical serpent)


Hymen

Hȳmēn m sg (genitive Hȳmenis); third declension

Hȳmēn (canonical masculine singular)
Hȳmenis (genitive)
Hȳmēn (nominative singular)
Hȳmenis (genitive singular)
Hȳmenī (dative singular)
Hȳmenem (accusative singular)
Hȳmene (ablative singular)
Hȳmēn (singular vocative)
Hymenaeus (alternative)

nec quid Hymen, quid amor, quid sint conubia curat.

(please add an English translation of this quotation)

(Roman mythology) Hymen, god of weddings and marriage


Io

Īō f sg (genitive Īūs); fourth declension

Īō f sg (genitive Īōnis); third declension

Īō (canonical feminine singular)
Īūs (genitive)
Īō (canonical feminine singular)
Īōnis (genitive)
Īō (nominative singular)
Īūs (genitive singular)
Īō (dative singular)
Īō (accusative singular)
Īō (ablative singular)
Īō (singular vocative)
Īō (nominative singular)
Īōn (nominative singular)
Īōnis (genitive singular)
Īōnī (dative singular)
Īōnem (accusative singular)
Īōne (ablative singular)
Īō (singular vocative)
Īōn (singular vocative)
Īōn (alternative)

Io versa caput primos mugiverat annos:
So Io wore a strange guise and lowed all her earlier years;
illic aspicis scopulis haerere Sorores
et canere antiqui dulcia furta Iovis,
ut Semela est combustus, ut est deperditus Io,
…
There shalt thou see the Sisters clinging to the crags, while they chant the sweet loves of Jove in olden time, how he was consumed with fire for Semele, how madly he loved Io, …
tu certe Iovis occultis in amoribus, Io,
sensisti multas quid sit inire vias,
…

Propertius. In: Propertius with an English translation by H. E. Butler, 1916, pp. 144f., 154f., 162f

Yet, Io, in truth thou didst learn in thy secret loves with Jove what it is to tread many paths of wandering, …

Et modo se Europen fieri, modo postulat Io,

Publius Ovidius Naso, Ars amandi / Ars amatoria, liber I. In: Publius Ovidius Naso: Liebeskunst. Lateinisch-deutsch, 1980, p. 28 – translation from The Love Books of Ovid, p. 121

Now she would be Europa; now she would be Io; the one because she was a heifer, the other because a bull bore her on his back.

Publius Ovidius Naso, Amores, liber II. In: Ovid Heroides and Amores with an English translation by Grant Showerman, 1914, p. 386f.
dum nimium servat custos Iunonius Ion,
ante suos annos occidit; ilia dea est!
Juno's watchman, guarding Io too intently, falls before his time; she–becomes a goddess!

quos si Argus servet qui oculeus totus fuit,
quem quondam Ioni Iuno custodem addidit,

Plautus, Aulularia, actus III. In: Plautus with an English translation by Paul Nixon, vol. I, 1916, p. 290f.

Why, Argus, who had eyes all over him and was set to guarding Io once by Juno, couldn't ever keep watch on those fellows, not if he tried.

(Greek mythology) Io, daughter of Inachus.


Iris

la-noun

Īris f sg (genitive Īris or Īridis); third declension

Īris (canonical feminine singular)
Īris (genitive)
Īridis (genitive)
Īris (nominative singular)
Īris (genitive singular)
Īridis (genitive singular)
Īrī (dative singular)
Īridī (dative singular)
Īrem (accusative singular)
Īrim (accusative singular)
Īrin (accusative singular)
Īridem (accusative singular)
Īre (ablative singular)
Īrī (ablative singular)
Īride (ablative singular)
Īri (singular vocative)

(Greek mythology) Iris (messenger of the gods)


Luna

la-proper noun

Lūna f sg (genitive Lūnae); first declension

Lūna (canonical feminine singular)
Lūnae (genitive)
Lūna (nominative singular)
Lūnae (genitive singular)
Lūnae (dative singular)
Lūnam (accusative singular)
Lūnā (ablative singular)
Lūna (singular vocative)

The same word as lūna (“moon”), taken as a proper noun.

Lūna regit mēnsīs

Luna governs the months
(See Luna (goddess).)

(Roman mythology) Luna (the moon goddess)


Mars

Mārs m sg (genitive Mārtis); third declension

Mārs (canonical masculine singular)
Mārtis (genitive)
Mārs (nominative singular)
Mārtis (genitive singular)
Mārtī (dative singular)
Mārtem (accusative singular)
Mārte (ablative singular)
Mārs (singular vocative)

From Old Latin Māvors, from Proto-Italic *Māwortis, or from Proto-Italic *Māmart-. If Māvors indeed comes from *Māmart-, the apparent change */-m-/ to */-w-/ is a unique and isolated change. Mamers was his Oscan name. He was also known as Marmor, Marmar and Maris, the latter from the Etruscan deity Maris. See also the Lapis Satricanus, where 𐌌𐌀𐌌𐌀𐌓𐌕𐌄𐌆 (Mamartei) is attested. Possibly also related to Sanskrit मरुत् (marut, “Maruts, violent storm-gods”).


Pan

la-proper noun

Pān m sg (genitive Pānos); third declension

Pān (canonical masculine singular)
Pānos (genitive)
Pān (nominative singular)
Pānos (genitive singular)
Pānī (dative singular)
Pāna (accusative singular)
Pāne (ablative singular)
Pān (singular vocative)

→ English: Pan

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Πᾱ́ν (Pā́n).


Panda

Panda f sg (genitive Pandae); first declension

Pandae (genitive)
Panda (nominative singular)
Pandae (genitive singular)
Pandae (dative singular)
Pandam (accusative singular)
Pandā (ablative singular)
Panda (singular vocative)

From Proto-Italic *Patnā, from *patnō (“to spread”), from Proto-Indo-European *pt-ne-h₂-ti, a nasal-infix present made from *peth₂-.

(Roman mythology) a Roman goddess, whom Festus identifies as the "goddess of the rustics" and Varro relates as the goddess who provides "bread" and therefore "food"; possibly an epithet of Juno


Phoebe

Phoebē f sg (genitive Phoebēs); first declension

Phoebē (canonical feminine singular)
Phoebēs (genitive)
Phoebē (nominative singular)
Phoebēs (genitive singular)
Phoebae (dative singular)
Phoebēn (accusative singular)
Phoebē (ablative singular)
Phoebē (singular vocative)


Phoenix

Phoenīx m sg (genitive Phoenīcis); third declension

Phoenīx (canonical masculine singular)
Phoenīcis (genitive)
Phoenīx (nominative singular)
Phoenīcis (genitive singular)
Phoenīcī (dative singular)
Phoenīcem (accusative singular)
Phoenīce (ablative singular)
Phoenīx (singular vocative)
Phœnix (alternative)

From Ancient Greek φοῖνῐξ (phoînĭx), Φοῖνῐξ (Phoînĭx).

(Greek mythology) A companion of Achilles during the Trojan War.


Priapus

Priāpus m sg (genitive Priāpī); second declension

Priāpus (canonical masculine singular)
Priāpī (genitive)
Priāpus (nominative singular)
Priāpī (genitive singular)
Priāpō (dative singular)
Priāpum (accusative singular)
Priāpō (ablative singular)
Priāpe (singular vocative)

(Greek mythology) Priapus, god of procreation


Psyche

la-noun

Psȳchē f sg (genitive Psȳchēs); first declension

Psȳchē (canonical feminine singular)
Psȳchēs (genitive)
Psȳchē (nominative singular)
Psȳchēs (genitive singular)
Psȳchae (dative singular)
Psȳchēn (accusative singular)
Psȳchē (ablative singular)
Psȳchē (singular vocative)

From Ancient Greek Ψῡχή (Psūkhḗ, literally “Soul, Spirit”).

bor

(Greek mythology, Roman mythology) Psyche (a mortal princess who later married Eros/Cupid).


Siren

la-noun

Sīrēn f (genitive Sīrēnis); third declension

Sīrēn (canonical feminine)
Sīrēnis (genitive)
Sīrēn (nominative singular)
Sīrēnēs (nominative plural)
Sīrēnis (genitive singular)
Sīrēnum (genitive plural)
Sīrēnī (dative singular)
Sīrēnibus (dative plural)
Sīrēnem (accusative singular)
Sīrēnēs (accusative plural)
Sīrēne (ablative singular)
Sīrēnibus (ablative plural)
Sīrēn (singular vocative)
Sīrēnēs (plural vocative)
Sīrēdonēs (alternative)
Sīrēna (alternative)
Sērēna (alternative Late-Latin proscribed)

Asturian: serena, sirena

Catalan: sirena

English: Siren, siren

desctree

French: sirène
→ Persian: سیرن (siren)
→ Portuguese: sirene
→ Turkish: siren

→ Galician: sirena

German: Sirene

Irish: Síréana

Italian: sirena, serena

Old French: sereine

Old Galician-Portuguese: serẽa
Galician: serea
Portuguese: sereia

→ Portuguese: sirena

Romanian: sirenă

Spanish: sirena, serena, serea

(Greek mythology, mythology) a siren, one of the mythical birds with faces of virgins, that dwelt on the southern coast of Italy, where, with their sweet voices, they enticed ashore those who were sailing by, and then killed them.


Sol

la-noun

Sōl m sg (genitive Sōlis); third declension

Sōl (canonical masculine singular)
Sōlis (genitive)
Sōl (nominative singular)
Sōlis (genitive singular)
Sōlī (dative singular)
Sōlem (accusative singular)
Sōle (ablative singular)
Sōl (singular vocative)

The same word as sōl (“sun”), taken as a proper noun. The Roman author Varro claims that the term was either borrowed from Sabine or derives from sōlus, because the Sun is the sole source of daylight.

crīmine nox vacua est; Sōlem dē virgine raptā

Night is without fault. About the maiden who’s been abducted: Consult the Sun,
who beholds far and wide that which is done by day.

Sol vel quod ita Sabini, vel solus ita lucet, ut ex eo deo dies sit.

116 BCE – 27 BCE, Marcus Terentius Varro, De Lingua Latina 68


Terminus

la-proper noun

Terminus m sg (genitive Terminī); second declension

Proprialisation of terminus (“a boundary, a limit”).

(Roman mythology) the deity presiding over boundaries; a personification of the term terminus (“a boundary, a limit”)


Terra

Terra f sg (genitive Terrae); first declension

Terrae (genitive)
Terra (nominative singular)
Terrae (genitive singular)
Terrae (dative singular)
Terram (accusative singular)
Terrā (ablative singular)
Terra (singular vocative)

From terra (“earth”), to distinguish the goddess or planet from its other senses.

(Roman mythology) Terra (goddess of the Earth)


Titan

Tītān m (genitive Tītānos or Tītānis); third declension

Tītān (canonical masculine)
Tītānos (genitive)
Tītānis (genitive)
Tītān (nominative singular)
Tītānes (nominative plural)
Tītānēs (nominative plural)
Tītānos (genitive singular)
Tītānis (genitive singular)
Tītānum (genitive plural)
Tītānī (dative singular)
Tītānibus (dative plural)
Tītāna (accusative singular)
Tītānem (accusative singular)
Tītānas (accusative plural)
Tītānēs (accusative plural)
Tītāne (ablative singular)
Tītānibus (ablative plural)
Tītān (singular vocative)
Tītānes (plural vocative)
Tītānēs (plural vocative)


barbara

la-noun

barbara f (genitive barbarae); first declension

barbarae (genitive)
barbara (nominative singular)
barbarae (nominative plural)
barbarae (genitive singular)
barbarārum (genitive plural)
barbarae (dative singular)
barbarīs (dative plural)
barbaram (accusative singular)
barbarās (accusative plural)
barbarā (ablative singular)
barbarīs (ablative plural)
barbara (singular vocative)
barbarae (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek βαρβάρα (barbára).


tarsus

tarsus m (genitive tarsī); second declension

tarsī (genitive)
tarsus (nominative singular)
tarsī (nominative plural)
tarsī (genitive singular)
tarsōrum (genitive plural)
tarsō (dative singular)
tarsīs (dative plural)
tarsum (accusative singular)
tarsōs (accusative plural)
tarsō (ablative singular)
tarsīs (ablative plural)
tarse (singular vocative)
tarsī (plural vocative)

→ Catalan: tars

→ English: tarsus

→ Spanish: tarso

Borrowed from Ancient Greek τᾰρσός (tărsós, “the flat of the foot; the edge of the eyelid and its lashes”). Has been compared with Armenian թառ (tʻaṙ, “bar for drying grapes”), Old High German darra (“apparatus for drying fruits”), Swedish tarre (“frame for drying malts”), suggesting a derivation from Proto-Indo-European *ters- (“to dry”). However, for phonetic reasons this is uncertain.


carpus

la-noun

carpus m (genitive carpī); second declension

carpī (genitive)
carpus (nominative singular)
carpī (nominative plural)
carpī (genitive singular)
carpōrum (genitive plural)
carpō (dative singular)
carpīs (dative plural)
carpum (accusative singular)
carpōs (accusative plural)
carpō (ablative singular)
carpīs (ablative plural)
carpe (singular vocative)
carpī (plural vocative)

English: carpus

[…]sic ut circa carpum appareant quatuor distincti tendines, qui per omnia quatuor digitorum internodia quadantenus extenduntur.

1706, Philip Verheyen, Corporis humani anatomia, Tractatus VI Caput XIII, page 270:


Coeus

la-proper noun

Coeus m sg (genitive Coeī); second declension

Coeī (genitive)
Coeus (nominative singular)
Coeī (genitive singular)
Coeō (dative singular)
Coeum (accusative singular)
Coeō (ablative singular)
Coee (singular vocative)

From Ancient Greek Κοῖος (Koîos, “Coeus”).

(Greek mythology) Coeus, the Titan of intelligence.


scapula

la-noun

scapula f (genitive scapulae); first declension

scapulae (genitive)
scapula (nominative singular)
scapulae (nominative plural)
scapulae (genitive singular)
scapulārum (genitive plural)
scapulae (dative singular)
scapulīs (dative plural)
scapulam (accusative singular)
scapulās (accusative plural)
scapulā (ablative singular)
scapulīs (ablative plural)
scapula (singular vocative)
scapulae (plural vocative)

Catalan: escàpula

English: scapula, scapular, scapulary

Galician: escápula

Italian: scapola, scapolare

Portuguese: escápula

Romanian: scapulă

Spanish: escápula, escapular

Late Latin scapula "shoulder" from Classical Latin scapulae (“shoulders”).


Iapetus

la-prop

Īapetus m sg (genitive Īapetī); second declension

Īapetus (canonical masculine singular)
Īapetī (genitive)
Īapetus (nominative singular)
Īapetī (genitive singular)
Īapetō (dative singular)
Īapetum (accusative singular)
Īapetō (ablative singular)
Īapete (singular vocative)

→ English: Iapetus

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Ῑ̓ᾰπετός (Īăpetós, “Iapetus”).

bor+

Prometheus ex Iapeto natus est

303 CE – 311 CE, Lactantius, Institutiones Divinae 2.10.7

Prometheus himself was born from Iapetus


hilus

la-noun

hīlus m (genitive hīlī); second declension

hīlus (canonical masculine)
hīlī (genitive)
hīlus (nominative singular)
hīlī (nominative plural)
hīlī (genitive singular)
hīlōrum (genitive plural)
hīlō (dative singular)
hīlīs (dative plural)
hīlum (accusative singular)
hīlōs (accusative plural)
hīlō (ablative singular)
hīlīs (ablative plural)
hīle (singular vocative)
hīlī (plural vocative)
hilum (alternative)

(anatomy) A depression or fissure through which ducts, nerves, or blood vessels enter and leave a gland or organ. Also called porta.


caput

caput n (genitive capitis); third declension

capitis (genitive)
caput (nominative singular)
capita (nominative plural)
capitis (genitive singular)
capitum (genitive plural)
capitī (dative singular)
capitibus (dative plural)
caput (accusative singular)
capita (accusative plural)
capite (ablative singular)
capitibus (ablative plural)
caput (singular vocative)
capita (plural vocative)
cap. (alternative)
c. (alternative)
capud (alternative)
capus (alternative Late-Latin)
cabo (alternative)

Direct reflexes:

Sardinian: cabudu, cabude, cabide

⇒ Vulgar Latin: capus (see there for further descendants)

Borrowings:

→ English: caput

→ Portuguese: caput

Reflexes of capita and, via back-formation, a new singular *capitum:

Balkans:

Aromanian: capiti, capit, capitu

Istro-Romanian: cåpete

Megleno-Romanian: capiti

Romanian: capete, capăt

Italy and environs:

Central Italian: capita, capitu, capito

Lombard: caved

Sardinian: cabida

From *capucla, feminine of *capuclum, from *caputulum:

Italian: capocchia

From *caputia:

Italian: capoccia

From Proto-Italic *kaput, from Proto-Indo-European *káput. Cognates include German Haupt and English head.

caput ulnae

(New Latin, anatomy) A headlike protuberance on an organ or body part, usually bone.

(New Latin, pathology) A disease; a severe swelling of the soft tissues of a newborn's scalp that develops as the baby travels through the birth canal.


vox

vōx f (genitive vōcis); third declension

vōx (canonical feminine)
vōcis (genitive)
vōx (nominative singular)
vōcēs (nominative plural)
vōcis (genitive singular)
vōcum (genitive plural)
vōcī (dative singular)
vōcibus (dative plural)
vōcem (accusative singular)
vōcēs (accusative plural)
vōce (ablative singular)
vōcibus (ablative plural)
vōx (singular vocative)
vōcēs (plural vocative)

Aromanian: boatsi, boatse, botsi

Asturian: voz

Catalan: veu

Corsican: boce, voce

Dalmatian: baud

→ Esperanto: voĉo

Old French: vois, voiz

Middle French: voix

French: voix

Norman: vouaix

Walloon: vwès

Anglo-Norman: voiz, voys, voice

→ Middle English: voice, voys, vois

English: voice

Istriot: boûz, vuze

Italian: voce

Judeo-Italian: ווּצֵי (wuṣe /vuce/)

Mirandese: boç

Neapolitan: voce

Occitan: votz

Old Galician-Portuguese: voz

Galician: voz

Portuguese: voz

Old Spanish: voz

Ladino: boz

Spanish: voz

→ Basque: boz

Piedmontese: vus

Rhaeto-Romance

Friulian: vôs

Romansch: vusch

Romanian: boace; → voce

desc

Sardinian: boche, voche, boghe, voghe, boxi

Sicilian: vuci

Venetan: vóxe

From Proto-Italic *wōks, from Proto-Indo-European *wṓkʷs (“speech, voice”) (with stem vōc- for voqu- from the nominative case), an o-grade root noun of *wekʷ- (“to speak”). Cognates include Sanskrit वाच् (vā́c) and Ancient Greek ὄψ (óps).

der

(grammar) voice; indicating the relation of the subject of the verb to the action which the verb expresses


cutis

la-noun

cutis f (genitive cutis); third declension

cutis (genitive)
cutis (nominative singular)
cutēs (nominative plural)
cutis (genitive singular)
cutium (genitive plural)
cutī (dative singular)
cutibus (dative plural)
cutem (accusative singular)
cutim (accusative singular)
cutēs (accusative plural)
cutīs (accusative plural)
cute (ablative singular)
cutī (ablative singular)
cutibus (ablative plural)
cutis (singular vocative)
cutēs (plural vocative)

Italo-Romance:

Italian: cote, → cute

Southern Gallo-Romance:

Aragonese: cote (Panticuto)

Gascon: cot, coth

⇒ Vulgar Latin: *cutica

Gallo-Italic:

Emilian: còdga, cudga

Ligurian: coîga, coêiga, coia

desc

Lombard: codega, codga, codia, coiga (Ossolano)

Romagnol: còdga, codeina

Italo-Dalmatian:

Central Italian: cotica, ⇒ cotechino (influenced by Gallo-Italic)

Neapolitan: coteca

⇒ Venetan: códego m

→ Cimbrian: kódego

⇒ Vulgar Latin: *cutina

Gallo-Italic:

Piedmontese: cotna, cona

Gallo-Romance:

Franco-Provençal: couèna

French: couenne

Italo-Dalmatian

Italian: cotenna

Neapolitan: còtena

Sicilian: cùtini

Occitano-Romance:

Catalan: cotna, corna

Occitan: codena

Gascon: cotia

Bigorrés: corna

Vivaro-Alpine: coena, coina

Ibero-Romance:

Galician: codia, coda

Portuguese: côdea

From Proto-Italic *kutis, from Proto-Indo-European *kuH-t-, zero-grade form of *(s)kewH- (“to cover”) without s-mobile.
Cognates include Ancient Greek σκύλος (skúlos, “hide”), Welsh cwd (“scrotum”), Lithuanian kutỹs (“purse”), Old English hȳd (English hide), Old English scēo (“sky”) (English sky), German Haut (“skin”), German Hoden (“scrotum”) and Sanskrit स्कुनाति (skunā́ti, “to cover”). Related to culus.


epithelium

la-noun

epithēlium n (genitive epithēliī); second declension

epithēlium (canonical neuter)
epithēliī (genitive)
epithēlium (nominative singular)
epithēlia (nominative plural)
epithēliī (genitive singular)
epithēliōrum (genitive plural)
epithēliō (dative singular)
epithēliīs (dative plural)
epithēlium (accusative singular)
epithēlia (accusative plural)
epithēliō (ablative singular)
epithēliīs (ablative plural)
epithēlium (singular vocative)
epithēlia (plural vocative)

Introduced by Frederik Ruysch in the 18th century, originally referring to the covering of small "nipples" of tissue on the lip. Initially a first-declension noun epithēlia, from Ancient Greek ἐπι- (epi-, “on, atop”) + Ancient Greek θηλή (thēlḗ, “nipple”) + -ia; the nominative singular was later reinterpreted as a second-declension neuter plural.


dermatitis

la-noun

dermatītis f (genitive dermatītidis); third declension

dermatītis (canonical feminine)
dermatītidis (genitive)
dermatītis (nominative singular)
dermatītidēs (nominative plural)
dermatītidis (genitive singular)
dermatītidum (genitive plural)
dermatītidī (dative singular)
dermatītidibus (dative plural)
dermatītidem (accusative singular)
dermatītidēs (accusative plural)
dermatītide (ablative singular)
dermatītidibus (ablative plural)
dermatītis (singular vocative)
dermatītidēs (plural vocative)

From Ancient Greek δερματῖτις (dermatîtis).


vesica

vēsīca f (genitive vēsīcae); first declension

vēsīca (canonical feminine)
vēsīcae (genitive)
vēsīca (nominative singular)
vēsīcae (nominative plural)
vēsīcae (genitive singular)
vēsīcārum (genitive plural)
vēsīcae (dative singular)
vēsīcīs (dative plural)
vēsīcam (accusative singular)
vēsīcās (accusative plural)
vēsīcā (ablative singular)
vēsīcīs (ablative plural)
vēsīca (singular vocative)
vēsīcae (plural vocative)
vessīca (alternative)

desc

Old Occitan: veziga (Quercy), vezica (Fois)

Occitan: vesiga (Ségala)

→ English: vesica

→ Romanian: vezică

From Proto-Indo-European *wend-tri-, see also venter, uterus and German Wanst.

vēsīca ūrīnāria


lichen

la-noun

līchēn m (genitive līchēnos or līchēnis); third declension

līchēn (canonical masculine)
līchēnos (genitive)
līchēnis (genitive)
līchēn (nominative singular)
līchēnes (nominative plural)
līchēnēs (nominative plural)
līchēnos (genitive singular)
līchēnis (genitive singular)
līchēnum (genitive plural)
līchēnī (dative singular)
līchēnibus (dative plural)
līchēna (accusative singular)
līchēnem (accusative singular)
līchēnas (accusative plural)
līchēnēs (accusative plural)
līchēne (ablative singular)
līchēnibus (ablative plural)
līchēn (singular vocative)
līchēnes (plural vocative)
līchēnēs (plural vocative)

English: lichen

French: lichen

Irish: léicean

Italian: lichene

Portuguese: líquen

Romanian: lichen

Spanish: liquen

Borrowed from Ancient Greek λειχήν (leikhḗn).

bor+

(transferred sense, medicine) an eruption on the skin of men and beasts, a tetter, ringworm

(and especially) a callous excrescence upon the leg of a horse, used as a medicine


ureter

la-noun

ūrētēr m (genitive ūrētēris); third declension

ūrētēr (canonical masculine)
ūrētēris (genitive)
ūrētēr (nominative singular)
ūrētērēs (nominative plural)
ūrētēris (genitive singular)
ūrētērum (genitive plural)
ūrētērī (dative singular)
ūrētēribus (dative plural)
ūrētērem (accusative singular)
ūrētērēs (accusative plural)
ūrētēre (ablative singular)
ūrētēribus (ablative plural)
ūrētēr (singular vocative)
ūrētērēs (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek οὐρητήρ (ourētḗr).


gingiva

la-noun

gingīva f (genitive gingīvae); first declension

gingīva (canonical feminine)
gingīvae (genitive)
gingīva (nominative singular)
gingīvae (nominative plural)
gingīvae (genitive singular)
gingīvārum (genitive plural)
gingīvae (dative singular)
gingīvīs (dative plural)
gingīvam (accusative singular)
gingīvās (accusative plural)
gingīvā (ablative singular)
gingīvīs (ablative plural)
gingīva (singular vocative)
gingīvae (plural vocative)

Aragonese: cheniva

Aromanian: dzindzii, dzindzie

Asturian: enxiva, xenxiva

Catalan: geniva

→ English: gingiva

Extremaduran: gengiva

Franco-Provençal: gengiva

French: gencive

Friulian: zenzie

Galician: enxiva

Italian: gengiva

Lombard: zenziva

Norman: denchive

Occitan: gengiva

Piedmontese: zanziva

Portuguese: gengiva

Romanian: gingie

Sardinian: ghinghía, sénsia, benzía

Sicilian: gingili, cincili, zinzìa

Spanish: encía

Venetan: zinzìva, zenzìva, xenxìva

[ɡɪŋˈɡiː.wa]

From Proto-Indo-European *ǵyewh₁- (compare English chew, Tocharian B śuwaṃ (“eat”), Polish żuję (“I chew”), Persian جویدن (javidan), Pashto ژول (žovạl, “to bite, gnaw”)).

(anatomy) gum (in which the teeth are set)


syllepsis

syllēpsis f (genitive syllēpsis or syllēpseōs or syllēpsios); third declension

syllēpsis (canonical feminine)
syllēpsis (genitive)
syllēpseōs (genitive)
syllēpsios (genitive)
syllēpsis (nominative singular)
syllēpsēs (nominative plural)
syllēpseis (nominative plural)
syllēpsis (genitive singular)
syllēpseōs (genitive singular)
syllēpsios (genitive singular)
syllēpsium (genitive plural)
syllēpsī (dative singular)
syllēpsibus (dative plural)
syllēpsim (accusative singular)
syllēpsin (accusative singular)
syllēpsem (accusative singular)
syllēpsēs (accusative plural)
syllēpsīs (accusative plural)
syllēpsī (ablative singular)
syllēpse (ablative singular)
syllēpsibus (ablative plural)
syllēpsis (singular vocative)
syllēpsi (singular vocative)
syllēpsēs (plural vocative)
syllēpseis (plural vocative)

→ English: syllepsis

→ German: Syllepse, Syllepsis

→ Polish: syllepsa, syllepsis

→ Portuguese: silepse (learned)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek σύλληψις (súllēpsis), from συλλαμβάνω (sullambánō).


sinus

sinus m (genitive sinūs); fourth declension

sinūs (genitive)
sinus (nominative singular)
sinūs (nominative plural)
sinūs (genitive singular)
sinuum (genitive plural)
sinuī (dative singular)
sinibus (dative plural)
sinum (accusative singular)
sinūs (accusative plural)
sinū (ablative singular)
sinibus (ablative plural)
sinus (singular vocative)
sinūs (plural vocative)

→ Aromanian: sin

Asturian: senu, sen

Catalan: si; → sina

→ English: sinus, sine

French: sein; → sinus

Friulian: sen

Hebrew: סינוס

Italian: seno

desctree

Old Galician-Portuguese: sẽo, seo
Galician: seo
Portuguese: seio

Piedmontese: sen

→ Portuguese: sino, seno (learned)

Romanian: sân

Romansch: sain

Sardinian: sinu

Sicilian: sinu

Spanish: seno

Venetan: sen

From Proto-Indo-European *sinos; akin to Albanian gji (“breast, bosom”).
The mathematical sense ‘chord of an arc, sine’ was introduced in the 12th century by Gherardo of Cremona as a semantic loan from Arabic جَيْب (jayb, “chord, sine”) (ultimately a loan from Sanskrit ज्या (jyā, “bowstring”)) by confusion with جَيْب (jayb, “bosom, fold in a garment”).

semantic loan

(Medieval Latin, mathematics) the chord of an arc; a sine


incisor

la-noun

incīsor m (genitive incīsōris); third declension

incīsor (canonical masculine)
incīsōris (genitive)
incīsor (nominative singular)
incīsōrēs (nominative plural)
incīsōris (genitive singular)
incīsōrum (genitive plural)
incīsōrī (dative singular)
incīsōribus (dative plural)
incīsōrem (accusative singular)
incīsōrēs (accusative plural)
incīsōre (ablative singular)
incīsōribus (ablative plural)
incīsor (singular vocative)
incīsōrēs (plural vocative)

→ English: incisor

From incīdō (“to cut into, cut through”) + -tor (“-er, -or”, agent noun suffix).


sphincter

la-noun

sphinctēr m (genitive sphinctēris); third declension

sphinctēr (canonical masculine)
sphinctēris (genitive)
sphinctēr (nominative singular)
sphinctērēs (nominative plural)
sphinctēris (genitive singular)
sphinctērum (genitive plural)
sphinctērī (dative singular)
sphinctēribus (dative plural)
sphinctērem (accusative singular)
sphinctērēs (accusative plural)
sphinctēre (ablative singular)
sphinctēribus (ablative plural)
sphinctēr (singular vocative)
sphinctērēs (plural vocative)

→ English: sphincter

→ French: sphincter

Borrowed from Ancient Greek σφῐγκτήρ (sphĭnktḗr, “lace, band; contractile muscle”), from σφῐ́γγω (sphĭ́ngō, “to bind tight or fast”) + -τήρ (-tḗr, “-er, -or”, nominal suffix).

af

(anatomy) The sphincter, the muscle of the anus.


diastole

la-noun

diastolē f (genitive diastolēs); first declension

diastolē (canonical feminine)
diastolēs (genitive)
diastolē (nominative singular)
diastolae (nominative plural)
diastolēs (genitive singular)
diastolārum (genitive plural)
diastolae (dative singular)
diastolīs (dative plural)
diastolēn (accusative singular)
diastolās (accusative plural)
diastolē (ablative singular)
diastolīs (ablative plural)
diastolē (singular vocative)
diastolae (plural vocative)

→ German: Diastole

huic contraria est diastole, dextera pars circuli ad imam litteram adposita.

late AD 4th century, Diomedes Grammaticus, Artis Grammaticae libri III 435.10–11

c. 560 CE – 636 CE, Isidorus Hispalensis 1.18.7

scriptio continua
scriptio continua#English

hypodiastole: ⟨⸒⟩ (a written mark, chiefly occurring in scriptio continua, used to distinguish homographs and to mark the division of two words liable to be mistaken for a single compound word)

Tiberius Claudius Donatus 1742.P.

Aelius Donatus, Eun. 515

Servius Honoratus, G. 3.458

the determination of the meaning of a noun by means of an epithet


dinosaurus

dīnosaurus m (genitive dīnosaurī); second declension

dīnosaurus (canonical masculine)
dīnosaurī (genitive)
dīnosaurus (nominative singular)
dīnosaurī (nominative plural)
dīnosaurī (genitive singular)
dīnosaurōrum (genitive plural)
dīnosaurō (dative singular)
dīnosaurīs (dative plural)
dīnosaurum (accusative singular)
dīnosaurōs (accusative plural)
dīnosaurō (ablative singular)
dīnosaurīs (ablative plural)
dīnosaure (singular vocative)
dīnosaurī (plural vocative)

→ English: dinosaurus

→ Greek: δεινόσαυρος (deinósavros)

→ Italian: dinosauro

Modern coinage from Ancient Greek δεινός (deinós, “terrible, awesome, mighty, fearfully great”) + σαῦρος (saûros, “lizard, reptile”).

der

(New Latin, sciences) any of the animals belonging to the clade Dinosauria, especially those that existed during the Triassic, Jurassic and Cretaceous periods and are now extinct.


Ceres

la-proper noun

Cerēs f sg (genitive Cereris); third declension

Cerēs (canonical feminine singular)
Cereris (genitive)
Cerēs (nominative singular)
Cereris (genitive singular)
Cererī (dative singular)
Cererem (accusative singular)
Cerere (ablative singular)
Cerēs (singular vocative)

→ Czech: Ceres

→ Dutch: Ceres
Afrikaans: Ceres

→ English: Ceres

→ Finnish: Ceres

→ Italian: Cerere

→ Polish: Ceres

→ Portuguese: Ceres

→ Sicilian: Cèriri

→ Spanish: Ceres

→ Swahili: Ceres

→ Thai: ซีรีส (sii-ríis)

From Proto-Italic *Kerēs, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱerēs, from *ḱer- (“to grow”). Cognate with creō, crēscō, Faliscan 𐌂𐌄𐌓𐌄𐌔 (ceres, “Ceres”) and Oscan Kerrí (dat. sg.).

(Roman mythology) Ceres (goddess of agriculture)


cerebrum

la-noun

cerebrum n (genitive cerebrī); second declension

cerebrī (genitive)
cerebrum (nominative singular)
cerebra (nominative plural)
cerebrī (genitive singular)
cerebrōrum (genitive plural)
cerebrō (dative singular)
cerebrīs (dative plural)
cerebrum (accusative singular)
cerebra (accusative plural)
cerebrō (ablative singular)
cerebrīs (ablative plural)
cerebrum (singular vocative)
cerebra (plural vocative)

→ Asturian: cerebru

→ Esperanto: cerbo

→ Galician: cerebro

→ Ido: cerebro

→ Interlingua: cerebro

→ Italian: cerebro

desctree

→ Middle English: cerebrum, cerebre, cerrebre, serabrum
English: cerebrum

→ Portuguese: cérebro

→ Spanish: cerebro

→ Turkish: serebrum

⇒ French: cérébral

→ English: cerebral

From Proto-Italic *kerazrom, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱerh₂srom, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ḱerh₂-. Compare Ancient Greek κᾰ́ρᾱ (kắrā, “a head, face”).


meninx

la-noun

mēninx f (genitive mēningis); third declension

mēninx (canonical feminine)
mēningis (genitive)
mēninx (nominative singular)
mēningēs (nominative plural)
mēningis (genitive singular)
mēningum (genitive plural)
mēningī (dative singular)
mēningibus (dative plural)
mēningem (accusative singular)
mēningēs (accusative plural)
mēninge (ablative singular)
mēningibus (ablative plural)
mēninx (singular vocative)
mēningēs (plural vocative)

→ English: meninx

Borrowed from Ancient Greek μῆνῐγξ (mênĭnx, “membrane of the eye; membrane enclosing the brain; eardrum”).


Triton

la-proper noun

Trītōn m (genitive Trītōnis); third declension

Trītōn (canonical masculine)
Trītōnis (genitive)

(Greek mythology) Triton (mythological sea god)


Triton

Trītōn (canonical masculine)
Trītōnis (genitive)
Trītōn (nominative singular)
Trītōnes (nominative plural)
Trītōnēs (nominative plural)
Trītōnis (genitive singular)
Trītōnos (genitive singular)
Trītōnum (genitive plural)
Trītōnī (dative singular)
Trītōnibus (dative plural)
Trītōna (accusative singular)
Trītōnem (accusative singular)
Trītōnas (accusative plural)
Trītōnēs (accusative plural)
Trītōne (ablative singular)
Trītōnibus (ablative plural)
Trītōn (singular vocative)
Trītōnes (plural vocative)
Trītōnēs (plural vocative)


musculus

la-noun

mūsculus m (genitive mūsculī); second declension

mūsculus (canonical masculine)
mūsculī (genitive)
mūsculus (nominative singular)
mūsculī (nominative plural)
mūsculī (genitive singular)
mūsculōrum (genitive plural)
mūsculō (dative singular)
mūsculīs (dative plural)
mūsculum (accusative singular)
mūsculōs (accusative plural)
mūsculō (ablative singular)
mūsculīs (ablative plural)
mūscule (singular vocative)
mūsculī (plural vocative)

Aragonese: musclo, muscllo

Aromanian: mushclju

Asturian: muslu

Catalan: muscle, musclo

Corsican: musculu

Italian: muscolo

Occitan: muscle

desctree

Old French: moule, moucle, moulle, mouscle
French: moule
→ Middle Dutch: mossel, mussel
Dutch: mossel

Romanian: mușchi

Spanish: muslo

→ Asturian: músculu

→ Albanian: muskul, mushk

→ Catalan: múscul

→ Danish: muskel

→ English: musculus (learned)

→ Middle French: muscle
French: muscle
→ Middle English: muscle
English: muscle

→ Friulian: muscul

→ Galician: músculo

→ German: Muskel

→ Proto-West Germanic: *muskulā (see there for further descendants)

→ Portuguese: músculo

→ Romansch: muscul, muscal, muscla

→ Russian: мускул (muskul)

→ Sardinian: musculu

→ Spanish: músculo

→ Swedish: muskel

From mūs (“a mouse”) + -culus (diminutive suffix), literally “little mouse”. The “muscle” sense is a semantic loan from Ancient Greek μῦς (mûs, “mouse; muscle”), compare also Russian мы́шца (mýšca, “muscle”).


produco

la-verb

prōdūcō (present infinitive prōdūcere, perfect active prōdūxī, supine prōductum); third conjugation, irregular short imperative

prōdūcō (canonical)
irregular short imperative (canonical)
prōdūcere (infinitive present)
prōdūxī (active perfect)
prōductum (supine)
prōdūcō (active first-person indicative present singular)
prōdūcis (active indicative present second-person singular)
prōdūcit (active indicative present singular third-person)
prōdūcimus (active first-person indicative plural present)
prōdūcitis (active indicative plural present second-person)
prōdūcunt (active indicative plural present third-person)
prōdūcēbam (active first-person imperfect indicative singular)
prōdūcēbās (active imperfect indicative second-person singular)
prōdūcēbat (active imperfect indicative singular third-person)
prōdūcēbāmus (active first-person imperfect indicative plural)
prōdūcēbātis (active imperfect indicative plural second-person)
prōdūcēbant (active imperfect indicative plural third-person)
prōdūcam (active first-person future indicative singular)
prōdūcēs (active future indicative second-person singular)
prōdūcet (active future indicative singular third-person)
prōdūcēmus (active first-person future indicative plural)
prōdūcētis (active future indicative plural second-person)
prōdūcent (active future indicative plural third-person)
prōdūxī (active first-person indicative perfect singular)
prōdūxistī (active indicative perfect second-person singular)
prōdūxit (active indicative perfect singular third-person)
prōdūximus (active first-person indicative perfect plural)
prōdūxistis (active indicative perfect plural second-person)
prōdūxērunt (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
prōdūxēre (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
prōdūxeram (active first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
prōdūxerās (active indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
prōdūxerat (active indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
prōdūxerāmus (active first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
prōdūxerātis (active indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
prōdūxerant (active indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
prōdūxerō (active first-person future indicative perfect singular)
prōdūxeris (active future indicative perfect second-person singular)
prōdūxerit (active future indicative perfect singular third-person)
prōdūxerimus (active first-person future indicative perfect plural)
prōdūxeritis (active future indicative perfect plural second-person)
prōdūxerint (active future indicative perfect plural third-person)
prōdūcor (first-person indicative passive present singular)
prōdūceris (indicative passive present second-person singular)
prōdūcere (indicative passive present second-person singular)
prōdūcitur (indicative passive present singular third-person)
prōdūcimur (first-person indicative passive plural present)
prōdūciminī (indicative passive plural present second-person)
prōdūcuntur (indicative passive plural present third-person)
prōdūcēbar (first-person imperfect indicative passive singular)
prōdūcēbāris (imperfect indicative passive second-person singular)
prōdūcēbāre (imperfect indicative passive second-person singular)
prōdūcēbātur (imperfect indicative passive singular third-person)
prōdūcēbāmur (first-person imperfect indicative passive plural)
prōdūcēbāminī (imperfect indicative passive plural second-person)
prōdūcēbantur (imperfect indicative passive plural third-person)
prōdūcar (first-person future indicative passive singular)
prōdūcēris (future indicative passive second-person singular)
prōdūcēre (future indicative passive second-person singular)
prōdūcētur (future indicative passive singular third-person)
prōdūcēmur (first-person future indicative passive plural)
prōdūcēminī (future indicative passive plural second-person)
prōdūcentur (future indicative passive plural third-person)
prōdūcam (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
prōdūcās (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
prōdūcat (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
prōdūcāmus (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
prōdūcātis (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
prōdūcant (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
prōdūcerem (active first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
prōdūcerēs (active imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
prōdūceret (active imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
prōdūcerēmus (active first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
prōdūcerētis (active imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
prōdūcerent (active imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
prōdūxerim (active first-person perfect singular subjunctive)
prōdūxerīs (active perfect second-person singular subjunctive)
prōdūxerit (active perfect singular subjunctive third-person)
prōdūxerīmus (active first-person perfect plural subjunctive)
prōdūxerītis (active perfect plural second-person subjunctive)
prōdūxerint (active perfect plural subjunctive third-person)
prōdūxissem (active first-person pluperfect singular subjunctive)
prōdūxissēs (active pluperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
prōdūxisset (active pluperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
prōdūxissēmus (active first-person pluperfect plural subjunctive)
prōdūxissētis (active pluperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
prōdūxissent (active pluperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
prōdūcar (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
prōdūcāris (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
prōdūcāre (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
prōdūcātur (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
prōdūcāmur (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
prōdūcāminī (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
prōdūcantur (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
prōdūcerer (first-person imperfect passive singular subjunctive)
prōdūcerēris (imperfect passive second-person singular subjunctive)
prōdūcerēre (imperfect passive second-person singular subjunctive)
prōdūcerētur (imperfect passive singular subjunctive third-person)
prōdūcerēmur (first-person imperfect passive plural subjunctive)
prōdūcerēminī (imperfect passive plural second-person subjunctive)
prōdūcerentur (imperfect passive plural subjunctive third-person)
prōdūc (active imperative present second-person singular)
prōdūce (active imperative present second-person singular)
prōdūcite (active imperative plural present second-person)
prōdūcitō (active future imperative second-person singular)
prōdūcitō (active future imperative singular third-person)
prōdūcitōte (active future imperative plural second-person)
prōdūcuntō (active future imperative plural third-person)
prōdūcere (imperative passive present second-person singular)
prōdūciminī (imperative passive plural present second-person)
prōdūcitor (future imperative passive second-person singular)
prōdūcitor (future imperative passive singular third-person)
prōdūcuntor (future imperative passive plural third-person)
prōdūcere (active infinitive present)
prōdūcī (infinitive passive present)
prōdūcēns (active participle present)
prōductūrum esse (active future infinitive)
prōductum īrī (future infinitive passive)
prōductūrus (active future participle)
prōdūcendus (future participle passive)
prōdūcundus (future participle passive)
prōdūxisse (active infinitive perfect)
prōductum esse (infinitive passive perfect)
prōductus (participle passive perfect)
prōductum fore (future infinitive passive perfect)
prōductūrum fuisse (active infinitive perfect potential)
prōdūcendī (genitive gerund noun-from-verb)
prōdūcendō (dative gerund noun-from-verb)
prōdūcendum (accusative gerund noun-from-verb)
prōdūcendō (ablative gerund noun-from-verb)
prōductum (accusative noun-from-verb supine)
prōductū (ablative noun-from-verb supine)

→ Catalan: produir

→ Dutch: produceren

→ English: produce

→ French: produire

Friulian: produsi

→ Galician: producir

→ Italian: produrre

Lombard: prodù

→ Neapolitan: producere

Occitan: produire, produsir

Piedmontese: prodùe, produve

→ Portuguese: produzir

→ Romanian: produce

→ Sicilian: prudùciri

→ Spanish: producir

→ Venetan: prodùr, prodùxer

→ German: produzieren

(grammar, of pronunciation) to lengthen, prolong


cerebellum

la-noun

cerebellum n (genitive cerebellī); second declension

cerebellī (genitive)
cerebellum (nominative singular)
cerebella (nominative plural)
cerebellī (genitive singular)
cerebellōrum (genitive plural)
cerebellō (dative singular)
cerebellīs (dative plural)
cerebellum (accusative singular)
cerebella (accusative plural)
cerebellō (ablative singular)
cerebellīs (ablative plural)
cerebellum (singular vocative)
cerebella (plural vocative)

Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: crier, crieru, criel, crielu

Megleno-Romanian: criel

desc

Romanian: creier, creiel — Banat, rare, archaic, regional

Dalmatian:

carviale

Italo-Romance:

Corsican: ciarbeddu, ciarbellu, cerbellu

Italian: cervello

Sicilian: ciriveddu, cirveddu, cirbeddu

North Italian:

Friulian: cerviel, čurviel (alternative orthography)

Lombard: servel, sarvel, hervel

Piedmontese: sarvel, sarvele, survele

Romansch: tscharvè

Venetan: serveło, zerveło, çervèl, servèl, zhervèl, sarveło, çarvèl, zharvèl, cèlebro

Gallo-Romance:

Franco-Provençal: cèrvél, cèrvèla

Old French: cervel, cervele

Middle French: cerveau, cervel, cervelle

French: cerveau, cervelle

Norman: chèrvé

Walloon: cervea

Occitano-Romance:

Catalan: cervell

Occitan: cervèl, cervèla

Limousin: cerveu

Provençal: cervèu

Vivaro-Alpine: cerveu

Insular Romance:

Sardinian: cherbeddu, cherveddu, cerveddu, cerbeddu (Campidanese)

Borrowings:

→ Asturian: cerebelu

→ Catalan: cerebel

→ English: cerebellum

→ Galician: cerebelo

→ Greek: τσερβέλο (tservélo)

→ Italian: cerebello ⇒ cerebellare

→ Portuguese: cerebelo

→ Romanian: cerebel

→ Spanish: cerebelo

From cerebrum (“brain”) + -lum (diminutive ending).

af

diminutive of cerebrum:
(anatomy) a little brain


synovia

la-noun

synovia f (genitive synoviae); first declension

synoviae (genitive)
synovia (nominative singular)
synoviae (nominative plural)
synoviae (genitive singular)
synoviārum (genitive plural)
synoviae (dative singular)
synoviīs (dative plural)
synoviam (accusative singular)
synoviās (accusative plural)
synoviā (ablative singular)
synoviīs (ablative plural)
synovia (singular vocative)
synoviae (plural vocative)
synophia (alternative)

Coined by Swiss physician Paracelsus, hypothesized as from Ancient Greek συν- (sun-, “with, together with”) + ovum (“an egg”) + -ia (nominal suffix), on the assumption that synovial fluid resembles egg white.

af

(New Latin, anatomy) A nutritive fluid found throughout the body; synovial fluid.


Amata

la-proper noun

Amāta f sg (genitive Amātae); first declension

Amāta (canonical feminine singular)
Amātae (genitive)
Amāta (nominative singular)
Amātae (genitive singular)
Amātae (dative singular)
Amātam (accusative singular)
Amātā (ablative singular)
Amāta (singular vocative)

From amāta, feminine form of amātus (“beloved”).

(Roman mythology) The wife of Latinus and mother of Lavinia.


membrum

la-noun

membrum n (genitive membrī); second declension

membrī (genitive)
membrum (nominative singular)
membra (nominative plural)
membrī (genitive singular)
membrōrum (genitive plural)
membrō (dative singular)
membrīs (dative plural)
membrum (accusative singular)
membra (accusative plural)
membrō (ablative singular)
membrīs (ablative plural)
membrum (singular vocative)
membra (plural vocative)

Asturian: miembru

Catalan: membre

→ Old French: membre

French: membre

→ Romanian: membru

→ Middle English: membre

English: member

→ Old Irish: membur

Middle Irish: memmur

Irish: meamar

Italian: membro

Occitan: membre

Piedmontese: menbro

Old Galician-Portuguese: nembro, membro

Galician: membro; nembro

Portuguese: membro

Romansch: member

Sardinian: membru

Spanish: miembro

→⇒ Welsh: mymryn

From Proto-Italic *memzrom, from Proto-Indo-European *mḗms, *mēms-rom (“flesh”).


interna

la-noun

interna n pl (genitive internōrum); second declension

Neuter plural of internus (“inward, internal”).


ictus

ictus m (genitive ictūs); fourth declension

ictūs (genitive)
ictus (nominative singular)
ictūs (nominative plural)
ictūs (genitive singular)
ictuum (genitive plural)
ictuī (dative singular)
ictibus (dative plural)
ictum (accusative singular)
ictūs (accusative plural)
ictū (ablative singular)
ictibus (ablative plural)
ictus (singular vocative)
ictūs (plural vocative)

Galician: eito, → ictus

Portuguese: eito, → icto

→ English: ictus, ictal

→ Italian: itto, ictus

desctree

→? Old Irish: icht (“deed”)
Middle Irish: icht

From ī̆cō (“to strike”) + -tus (suffix forming action nouns from verbs).


arteria

la-noun

artēria f (genitive artēriae); first declension

artēria (canonical feminine)
artēriae (genitive)
artēria (nominative singular)
artēriae (nominative plural)
artēriae (genitive singular)
artēriārum (genitive plural)
artēriae (dative singular)
artēriīs (dative plural)
artēriam (accusative singular)
artēriās (accusative plural)
artēriā (ablative singular)
artēriīs (ablative plural)
artēria (singular vocative)
artēriae (plural vocative)
artērium (alternative)

→ Asturian: arteria

→ Catalan: artèria

→ Old French: artaire, artere, arteroe

→ English: artery

French: artère

→ Irish: artaire

→ Galician: arteria

→ Hungarian: artéria

→ Italian: arteria

→ Polish: arteria

→ Portuguese: artéria

→ Spanish: arteria

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ᾰ̓ρτηρῐ́ᾱ (ărtērĭ́ā, “windpipe; artery”).


figura

la-noun

figūra f (genitive figūrae); first declension

figūra (canonical feminine)
figūrae (genitive)
figūra (nominative singular)
figūrae (nominative plural)
figūrae (genitive singular)
figūrārum (genitive plural)
figūrae (dative singular)
figūrīs (dative plural)
figūram (accusative singular)
figūrās (accusative plural)
figūrā (ablative singular)
figūrīs (ablative plural)
figūra (singular vocative)
figūrae (plural vocative)

Aromanian: figiurâ, figurâ

Asturian: figura, fegura

Bulgarian: фигура (figura)

Catalan: figura

Corsican: figura

Czech: figura

Dutch: figuur

Emilian: figûra

English: figure

Franco-Provençal: figura

French: figure

Friulian: figure

Galician: figura

Georgian: ფიგურა (pigura)

German: Figur

Guinea-Bissau Creole: figura

Irish: fíor

Istriot: figoûra

Italian: figura

Ladino: fegura

Ladin: figura

Leonese: figura

Ligurian: figua

Lombard: figura

Maltese: figura

Mirandese: figura

Neapolitan: figura, fiura

Old Galician-Portuguese: figura

Papiamentu: figura

Piedmontese: figura

Principense: fêgwa

Polish: figura

Portuguese: figura

Romagnol: figura

Romanian: figură

Romansch: figüra

Russian: фигура (figura)

Shona: figura, fregura, frigura, friura

Sãotomense: fegula

Serbo-Croatian: figúra / фигу́ра

Sicilian: figura

Spanish: figura

Swedish: figur

Tetum: figura

Venetan: figura

Walloon: figueûr

From fingō, perhaps through *-ūra a rebracketed variant of -tūra; if so, doublet of fictūra. Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *dʰeyǵʰ- ("to form, to shape").


Phoebus

la-proper noun

Phoebus m sg (genitive Phoebī); second declension

Phoebī (genitive)
Phoebus (nominative singular)
Phoebī (genitive singular)
Phoebō (dative singular)
Phoebum (accusative singular)
Phoebō (ablative singular)
Phoebe (singular vocative)
Fuibus (alternative)

desctree

→ Middle English: Phebus, Febus
English: Phoebus

→ French: Phébus, Phœbus

→ Russian: Феб (Feb)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Φοῖβος (Phoîbos, “[the] Radiant [One]”).

bor

(Greek mythology) Apollo, i.e. Phoebus Apollo, the "radiant one"


scientia

la-noun

scientia f (genitive scientiae); first declension

scientiae (genitive)
scientia (nominative singular)
scientiae (nominative plural)
scientiae (genitive singular)
scientiārum (genitive plural)
scientiae (dative singular)
scientiīs (dative plural)
scientiam (accusative singular)
scientiās (accusative plural)
scientiā (ablative singular)
scientiīs (ablative plural)
scientia (singular vocative)
scientiae (plural vocative)

> Aromanian: shtiintsã (inherited)

Old Galician-Portuguese:

Galician: chencha

> Romanian: știință (inherited)

→ Albanian: shkencë

⇒ Breton: skiant

→ Catalan: ciència

→ Esperanto: scienco
→ Ido: cienco

⇒ Friulian: sience

desctree

→ Italian: scienza, scenza (misspelling), scienzia (archaic)
→ Ido: cienco
→ Maltese: xjenza

→ Occitan: sciéncia

→ Old French: science, escience (learned)
→ Middle English: science, scyence, syens, sciens, sciense, sience
> English: science (inherited) (see there for further descendants)
Scots: science
Middle French: science
French: science (see there for further descendants)
Norman: scienche

desc

→ Old Galician-Portuguese: ciencia (learned)

Fala: ciencia

Galician: ciencia

Portuguese: ciência

desctree

→ Old Spanish: çiençia, sçencia, sciencia, sçiençia, siençia (learned)
> Ladino: sensia (inherited)
> Spanish: ciencia, esciencia (archaic) (inherited)
→ Asturian: ciencia
→ Basque: zientzia
→ Ido: cienco
→ Tagalog: siyensiya

→ Sardinian: iscièntzia

→ Sicilian: scènzia, scienza

⇒ Venetan: sienza, siensa

From sciēns, scientem (“knowing, aware; having expertise”) + -ia (“abstract noun suffix”). Attested from Varro onwards (early 1st century BCE).

af

Nam et ipsa scientia potestās est.

1597, Sir Francis Bacon, Meditationes Sacrae:

(philosophy) that which is known (as opposed to a mere belief, translating Ancient Greek ἐπιστήμη (epistḗmē))

scientia propter quid

a knowledge derived from cause to effect

scientia quia

a knowledge derived from effect to cause

plūs differunt scientia adquīsīta per dēmōnstrātiōnem et scientia adquīsīta per experientiam, quam scientia quia et scientia propter quid

William of Ockham, Commentary on the Sentences of Peter Lombard I.89

there's a greater difference between knowledge acquired through logical proof and knowledge acquired through practical experience, than between knowledge from effect and knowledge from cause

(Medieval Latin, logic) knowledge (as distinguished according to the direction: from cause to effect or vice versa, corr. to Ancient Greek διότι (dióti) vs. ὅτι (hóti))


vena

la-noun

vēna f (genitive vēnae); first declension

vēna (canonical feminine)
vēnae (genitive)
vēna (nominative singular)
vēnae (nominative plural)
vēnae (genitive singular)
vēnārum (genitive plural)
vēnae (dative singular)
vēnīs (dative plural)
vēnam (accusative singular)
vēnās (accusative plural)
vēnā (ablative singular)
vēnīs (ablative plural)
vēna (singular vocative)
vēnae (plural vocative)

Eastern Romance

Aromanian: vinã, vãnã

Romanian: vână

Dalmatian:

vaina

Italo-Romance:

Italian: vena

Sicilian: vina

North Italian:

Friulian: vene

Gallo-Italic:

Emilian: vèina, vàina, vèna

Ligurian: vénn-a

Lombard: vena, ena

Piedmontese: ven-a, vèina, vègna

Romagnol: vèina, vàina

Romansch: avaina, avagna

Venetan: véna, vena

Gallo-Romance:

desctree

Old French: veine, vaine, veyne
Middle French: vene
French: veine
→ Vietnamese: ven
Norman: veine
→ Middle English: veine
English: vein
Scots: van, vane, vain, vaine

Walloon: voenne

Occitano-Romance:

Catalan: vena

Gascon: vea, veia, via, venha

Old Occitan: vena

Occitan: vena

Ibero-Romance:

Aragonese: vena

Asturian: vena

Old Galician-Portuguese: vẽa
Fala: vea
Galician: vea
Portuguese: veia

Old Spanish: vena

Spanish: vena

Sardinian:

bena; → vena

Borrowings:

→ Bulgarian: вена (vena)

→ English: vena

→ Finnish: vena

→ German: Vene

→ Hungarian: véna

→ Macedonian: вена (vena)

→ Polish: wena

→ Romanian: venă

→ Russian: вена (vena)

→ Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: вена

Latin script: vena

→ Swedish: ven

→ Ukrainian: вена (vena)

Of uncertain origin; proposed derivations include:
* From Proto-Indo-European *weǵʰ- (“to bring, transport”), the same root of via (“road”).
* From Proto-Indo-European *wenh₁- (“to love”), the same root of venēnum (“juice; venom”).
* From Proto-Indo-European *weyp- (“to shake, swing”), the same root of vibex (“weal, welt”).
* From a root common to Lithuanian gýsla (“vein”) and Russian жи́ла (žíla, “vein”).
* From Proto-Indo-European *h₂weh₁- (“to blow”), as veins are similar to air pipes.
* From Proto-Indo-European *wedʰ- (“to pledge, lead”).
* From a Proto-Indo-European *wes-no- (“of blood”), and cognate with Avestan 𐬬𐬀𐬢𐬵𐬎𐬙𐬁𐬝 (vaŋhutāt̰, “blood”), as well as perhaps Sanskrit वसा (vasā, “fat, lard”). This theory appears to be preferred by de Vaan.

der

(anatomy) a vein, blood vessel
an artery

(transferred sense, of things that resemble a vein)


foveo

la-verb

foveō (present infinitive fovēre, perfect active fōvī, supine fōtum); second conjugation

foveō (canonical)
fovēre (infinitive present)
fōvī (active perfect)
fōtum (supine)
foveō (active first-person indicative present singular)
fovēs (active indicative present second-person singular)
fovet (active indicative present singular third-person)
fovēmus (active first-person indicative plural present)
fovētis (active indicative plural present second-person)
fovent (active indicative plural present third-person)
fovēbam (active first-person imperfect indicative singular)
fovēbās (active imperfect indicative second-person singular)
fovēbat (active imperfect indicative singular third-person)
fovēbāmus (active first-person imperfect indicative plural)
fovēbātis (active imperfect indicative plural second-person)
fovēbant (active imperfect indicative plural third-person)
fovēbō (active first-person future indicative singular)
fovēbis (active future indicative second-person singular)
fovēbit (active future indicative singular third-person)
fovēbimus (active first-person future indicative plural)
fovēbitis (active future indicative plural second-person)
fovēbunt (active future indicative plural third-person)
fōvī (active first-person indicative perfect singular)
fōvistī (active indicative perfect second-person singular)
fōvit (active indicative perfect singular third-person)
fōvimus (active first-person indicative perfect plural)
fōvistis (active indicative perfect plural second-person)
fōvērunt (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
fōvēre (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
fōveram (active first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
fōverās (active indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
fōverat (active indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
fōverāmus (active first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
fōverātis (active indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
fōverant (active indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
fōverō (active first-person future indicative perfect singular)
fōveris (active future indicative perfect second-person singular)
fōverit (active future indicative perfect singular third-person)
fōverimus (active first-person future indicative perfect plural)
fōveritis (active future indicative perfect plural second-person)
fōverint (active future indicative perfect plural third-person)
foveor (first-person indicative passive present singular)
fovēris (indicative passive present second-person singular)
fovēre (indicative passive present second-person singular)
fovētur (indicative passive present singular third-person)
fovēmur (first-person indicative passive plural present)
fovēminī (indicative passive plural present second-person)
foventur (indicative passive plural present third-person)
fovēbar (first-person imperfect indicative passive singular)
fovēbāris (imperfect indicative passive second-person singular)
fovēbāre (imperfect indicative passive second-person singular)
fovēbātur (imperfect indicative passive singular third-person)
fovēbāmur (first-person imperfect indicative passive plural)
fovēbāminī (imperfect indicative passive plural second-person)
fovēbantur (imperfect indicative passive plural third-person)
fovēbor (first-person future indicative passive singular)
fovēberis (future indicative passive second-person singular)
fovēbere (future indicative passive second-person singular)
fovēbitur (future indicative passive singular third-person)
fovēbimur (first-person future indicative passive plural)
fovēbiminī (future indicative passive plural second-person)
fovēbuntur (future indicative passive plural third-person)
fōtus + future active indicative of sum (future indicative passive perfect)
foveam (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
foveās (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
foveat (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
foveāmus (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
foveātis (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
foveant (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
fovērem (active first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
fovērēs (active imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
fovēret (active imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
fovērēmus (active first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
fovērētis (active imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
fovērent (active imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
fōverim (active first-person perfect singular subjunctive)
fōverīs (active perfect second-person singular subjunctive)
fōverit (active perfect singular subjunctive third-person)
fōverīmus (active first-person perfect plural subjunctive)
fōverītis (active perfect plural second-person subjunctive)
fōverint (active perfect plural subjunctive third-person)
fōvissem (active first-person pluperfect singular subjunctive)
fōvissēs (active pluperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
fōvisset (active pluperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
fōvissēmus (active first-person pluperfect plural subjunctive)
fōvissētis (active pluperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
fōvissent (active pluperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
fovear (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
foveāris (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
foveāre (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
foveātur (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
foveāmur (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
foveāminī (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
foveantur (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
fovērer (first-person imperfect passive singular subjunctive)
fovērēris (imperfect passive second-person singular subjunctive)
fovērēre (imperfect passive second-person singular subjunctive)
fovērētur (imperfect passive singular subjunctive third-person)
fovērēmur (first-person imperfect passive plural subjunctive)
fovērēminī (imperfect passive plural second-person subjunctive)
fovērentur (imperfect passive plural subjunctive third-person)
fovē (active imperative present second-person singular)
fovēte (active imperative plural present second-person)
fovētō (active future imperative second-person singular)
fovētō (active future imperative singular third-person)
fovētōte (active future imperative plural second-person)
foventō (active future imperative plural third-person)
fovēre (imperative passive present second-person singular)
fovēminī (imperative passive plural present second-person)
fovētor (future imperative passive second-person singular)
fovētor (future imperative passive singular third-person)
foventor (future imperative passive plural third-person)
fovēre (active infinitive present)
fovērī (infinitive passive present)
fovēns (active participle present)
fōtūrum esse (active future infinitive)
fōtum īrī (future infinitive passive)
fōtūrus (active future participle)
fovendus (future participle passive)
fōvisse (active infinitive perfect)
fōtum esse (infinitive passive perfect)
fōtus (participle passive perfect)
fōtum fore (future infinitive passive perfect)
fōtūrum fuisse (active infinitive perfect potential)
fovendī (genitive gerund noun-from-verb)
fovendō (dative gerund noun-from-verb)
fovendum (accusative gerund noun-from-verb)
fovendō (ablative gerund noun-from-verb)
fōtum (accusative noun-from-verb supine)
fōtū (ablative noun-from-verb supine)

From Proto-Italic *foɣʷeō, from earlier *θoɣʷejō, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰogʷʰ-éye-, causative verb from *dʰegʷʰ-. The perfect form may have evolved from Proto-Italic *fowe-wai.


tenesmus

la-noun

tēnesmus m (genitive tēnesmī); second declension

tēnesmus (canonical masculine)
tēnesmī (genitive)
tēnesmus (nominative singular)
tēnesmī (nominative plural)
tēnesmī (genitive singular)
tēnesmōrum (genitive plural)
tēnesmō (dative singular)
tēnesmīs (dative plural)
tēnesmum (accusative singular)
tēnesmōs (accusative plural)
tēnesmō (ablative singular)
tēnesmīs (ablative plural)
tēnesme (singular vocative)
tēnesmī (plural vocative)

→ English: tenesmus

→ Italian: tenesmo

→ Portuguese: tenesmo

Borrowing from Ancient Greek τεινεσμός (teinesmós, “vain endeavor to evacuate”), from τείνω (teínō, “to stretch, to pull tight”) + -εσμός (-esmós, nominal suffix).


isosceles

la-adj

īsoscelēs (genitive īsoscelis); third-declension one-termination adjective

īsoscelēs (canonical)
īsoscelis (genitive)
īsoscelēs (feminine masculine nominative singular)
īsosceles (neuter nominative singular)
īsoscelēs (neuter nominative singular)
īsoscelēs (feminine masculine nominative plural)
īsoscela (neuter nominative plural)
īsoscelia (neuter nominative plural)
īsoscelis (feminine genitive masculine neuter singular)
īsoscelum (feminine genitive masculine neuter plural)
īsoscelium (feminine genitive masculine neuter plural)
īsoscelī (dative feminine masculine neuter singular)
īsoscelibus (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
īsoscelem (accusative feminine masculine singular)
īsosceles (accusative neuter singular)
īsoscelēs (accusative neuter singular)
īsoscelēs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
īsoscela (accusative neuter plural)
īsoscelia (accusative neuter plural)
īsoscele (ablative feminine masculine neuter singular)
īsoscelī (ablative feminine masculine neuter singular)
īsoscelibus (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
īsosceles (feminine masculine neuter singular vocative)
īsoscelēs (feminine masculine neuter singular vocative)
īsoscelēs (feminine masculine plural vocative)
īsoscela (neuter plural vocative)
īsoscelia (neuter plural vocative)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἰσοσκελής (isoskelḗs), from ἴσος (ísos, “equal”) + σκέλος (skélos, “leg”) + -ής (-ḗs, adjective suffix).

affix

(geometry) isosceles (having equal legs)


Neptunus

la-proper noun

Neptūnus m (genitive Neptūnī); second declension

Neptūnus (canonical masculine)
Neptūnī (genitive)
Neptūnus (nominative singular)
Neptūnī (nominative plural)
Neptūnī (genitive singular)
Neptūnōrum (genitive plural)
Neptūnō (dative singular)
Neptūnīs (dative plural)
Neptūnum (accusative singular)
Neptūnōs (accusative plural)
Neptūnō (ablative singular)
Neptūnīs (ablative plural)
Neptūne (singular vocative)
Neptūnī (plural vocative)

q

Old French: netun (“marine monster”), nuiton (alteration through confusion with nuit, "night")

Middle French: luiton (alteration through confusion with luire, "to glow")

French: lutin (alteration of luiton), nuton (regional, Ardennes françaises), luiton (regional, Dauphiné)

Walloon: nûton

→ Catalan: Neptú

→ French: Neptune

→ Galician: Neptuno

→ Italian: Nettuno

→ Portuguese: Neptuno

→ Romanian: Neptun

→ Spanish: Neptuno

Probably from Proto-Italic *neptūnos, from Proto-Indo-European *nébʰos (“cloud, moisture, mist”), but this is disputed; see Neptune.

der

(Roman mythology) Neptune (god of the sea)


lamina

la-noun

lāmina f (genitive lāminae); first declension

lāmina (canonical feminine)
lāminae (genitive)
lāmina (nominative singular)
lāminae (nominative plural)
lāminae (genitive singular)
lāminārum (genitive plural)
lāminae (dative singular)
lāminīs (dative plural)
lāminam (accusative singular)
lāminās (accusative plural)
lāminā (ablative singular)
lāminīs (ablative plural)
lāmina (singular vocative)
lāminae (plural vocative)
lammina (alternative)
lamna (alternative)

Asturian: llama, llambria

desctree

French: lame
→ Catalan: llama
→ Italian: lama
→ Persian: لام (lâm, “microscope slide”)

Friulian: lame

Romanian: lamură, lamă

Romansch: loma, lama

Sicilian: lanna, landa, landia, lannia (Calabria)
→ Italian: landa (see there for further descendants)
→ Maltese: landa

Venetan: lama

→ Asturian: llámina (learned)

→ Catalan: làmina (learned)

→ English: lamina (learned)

→ French: lamine (learned)

→ Galician: lamia

→ Galician: lámina (learned)

→ Proto-West Germanic: *lammā (see there for further descendants)

→ Greek: λάμα (láma)

→ Italian: lamina (learned)

→ Portuguese: lâmina (learned)

→ Romanian: lamină (learned)

→ Spanish: lámina (learned)

Uncertain; possibly from Proto-Indo-European *stelh₃- (“broad, to broaden”). See lātus, latus.

der

(transferred sense)
(anatomy) the flap of the ear


occiput

la-noun

occiput n (genitive occipitis); third declension

occipitis (genitive)
occiput (nominative singular)
occipita (nominative plural)
occipitis (genitive singular)
occipitum (genitive plural)
occipitī (dative singular)
occipitibus (dative plural)
occiput (accusative singular)
occipita (accusative plural)
occipite (ablative singular)
occipitī (ablative singular)
occipitibus (ablative plural)
occiput (singular vocative)
occipita (plural vocative)

English: occiput

French: occiput

Italian: occipite

Portuguese: occiput

Sicilian: uccìpiti

From ob- (“at, before, over”) + caput (“the head”).

affix

(anatomy) The back part of the head, the poll; occiput.


podex

la-noun

pōdex m (genitive pōdicis); third declension

pōdex (canonical masculine)
pōdicis (genitive)
pōdex (nominative singular)
pōdicēs (nominative plural)
pōdicis (genitive singular)
pōdicum (genitive plural)
pōdicī (dative singular)
pōdicibus (dative plural)
pōdicem (accusative singular)
pōdicēs (accusative plural)
pōdice (ablative singular)
pōdicibus (ablative plural)
pōdex (singular vocative)
pōdicēs (plural vocative)

An ablaut formation from Proto-Indo-European *pesd- (“fart”).

[…] hietque turpis inter aridas natis podex […]

[…] and an anus yawning between arid buttocks […]


culus

cūlus m (genitive cūlī); second declension

cūlus (canonical masculine)
cūlī (genitive)
cūlus (nominative singular)
cūlī (nominative plural)
cūlī (genitive singular)
cūlōrum (genitive plural)
cūlō (dative singular)
cūlīs (dative plural)
cūlum (accusative singular)
cūlōs (accusative plural)
cūlō (ablative singular)
cūlīs (ablative plural)
cūle (singular vocative)
cūlī (plural vocative)

Aragonese: culo

Aromanian: cur

Asturian: culu

Catalan: cul

Corsican: culu

Dalmatian: čol

French: cul, culotte

Friulian: cûl

Ido: kulo

Istro-Romanian: cur

Italian: culo

Lombard: cüü

Megleno-Romanian: cur

Occitan: cuol

desctree

Old Galician-Portuguese: cuu, cũu
Fala: cu
Galician: cu
Portuguese: cu

Old Spanish: culo
Ladino: kulo
Spanish: culo

Romanian: cur

Romansch: tgil, tgigl, chül

Sardinian: colu, cu, culu

Sicilian: culu

Venetan: cuło, cul

Walloon: cou

From Proto-Italic *kūlos, from Proto-Indo-European *kuH-l-, zero-grade form of *(s)kewH- (“to cover”) without s-mobile.
Cognates include Old Irish cúl (“bottom”), Lithuanian kẽvalas (“skin, cover”). Related to cutis (“hide”).

Non (ita me di ament) quicquam referre putaui,

c. 84 BCE – 54 BCE, Catullus, Carmina 97, (translation adapted by H.J.Walker, which can be viewed here)

I swear by the gods, I didn't think it mattered one straw,
whether I sniffed Aemilius's head or his arse.

(vulgar, anatomy) The posterior, arse, ass, buttocks


meningitis

la-noun

mēningītis f (genitive mēningītidis); third declension

mēningītis (canonical feminine)
mēningītidis (genitive)
mēningītis (nominative singular)
mēningītidēs (nominative plural)
mēningītidis (genitive singular)
mēningītidum (genitive plural)
mēningītidī (dative singular)
mēningītidibus (dative plural)
mēningītidem (accusative singular)
mēningītidēs (accusative plural)
mēningītide (ablative singular)
mēningītidibus (ablative plural)
mēningītis (singular vocative)
mēningītidēs (plural vocative)

From Ancient Greek μῆνῐγξ (mênĭnx) + -ītis.


cellula

cellula f (genitive cellulae); first declension

cellulae (genitive)
cellula (nominative singular)
cellulae (nominative plural)
cellulae (genitive singular)
cellulārum (genitive plural)
cellulae (dative singular)
cellulīs (dative plural)
cellulam (accusative singular)
cellulās (accusative plural)
cellulā (ablative singular)
cellulīs (ablative plural)
cellula (singular vocative)
cellulae (plural vocative)

Catalan: cèl·lula

English: cellule

French: cellule

Ido: celulo

Italian: cellula

Occitan: cellula

Portuguese: célula

Romanian: celulă

Spanish: célula

(New Latin, cytology) cell (basic unit of a living organism)


gerundium

gerundium n (genitive gerundiī or gerundī); second declension

gerundiī (genitive)
gerundī (genitive)
gerundium (nominative singular)
gerundia (nominative plural)
gerundiī (genitive singular)
gerundī (genitive singular)
gerundiōrum (genitive plural)
gerundiō (dative singular)
gerundiīs (dative plural)
gerundium (accusative singular)
gerundia (accusative plural)
gerundiō (ablative singular)
gerundiīs (ablative plural)
gerundium (singular vocative)
gerundia (plural vocative)

Catalan: gerundi

English: gerund

Galician: xerundio

German: Gerundium

Greek: γερούνδιον (geroúndion)

Italian: gerundio

Portuguese: gerúndio

Romanian: gerunziu

Spanish: gerundio

From gerendus (“which is to be carried out”), future passive participle (gerundive) of gerō (“carry, bear”).

(grammar) the gerund, in latin a verbal noun inflected in the accusative, genitive, dative and ablative cases used to convey different verbal meanings. Not to be confused with the gerundīvum (future passive participle).


perinaeum

perinaeum n (genitive perinaeī); second declension

perinaeī (genitive)
perinaeum (nominative singular)
perinaea (nominative plural)
perinaeī (genitive singular)
perinaeōrum (genitive plural)
perinaeō (dative singular)
perinaeīs (dative plural)
perinaeum (accusative singular)
perinaea (accusative plural)
perinaeō (ablative singular)
perinaeīs (ablative plural)
perinaeum (singular vocative)
perinaea (plural vocative)

desctree

French: périnée, perinæe (obsolete)
→ Persian: پرینه (perine)
→ Spanish: periné
→ Turkish: perine

Italian: perineo

Spanish: perineo

→ English: perinaeum

→ German: Perinäum

Borrowed from Ancient Greek περίναιον (perínaion).


Frigga

la-proper noun

Frigga f sg (genitive Friggae); first declension

Friggae (genitive)
Frigga (nominative singular)
Friggae (genitive singular)
Friggae (dative singular)
Friggam (accusative singular)
Friggā (ablative singular)
Frigga (singular vocative)


marasmus

la-noun

marasmus m (genitive marasmī); second declension

marasmī (genitive)
marasmus (nominative singular)
marasmī (nominative plural)
marasmī (genitive singular)
marasmōrum (genitive plural)
marasmō (dative singular)
marasmīs (dative plural)
marasmum (accusative singular)
marasmōs (accusative plural)
marasmō (ablative singular)
marasmīs (ablative plural)
marasme (singular vocative)
marasmī (plural vocative)

→ English: marasmus

Borrowed from Ancient Greek μᾰρᾰσμός (mărăsmós, “withering”, noun), related to μᾰραίνω (măraínō, “to quench; to waste, wither”).


post hoc ergo propter hoc

See post (“after”), propter (“because of”), hoc – neuter accusative of hic (“this”), and ergō (“therefore”).

(logic) after this, therefore because of this


canthus

la-noun

canthus m (genitive canthī); second declension

canthī (genitive)
canthus (nominative singular)
canthī (nominative plural)
canthī (genitive singular)
canthōrum (genitive plural)
canthō (dative singular)
canthīs (dative plural)
canthum (accusative singular)
canthōs (accusative plural)
canthō (ablative singular)
canthīs (ablative plural)
canthe (singular vocative)
canthī (plural vocative)

From Ancient Greek κανθός (kanthós, “corner of the eye”), which became conflated with the above.


Chimaera

la-proper noun

Chimaera f sg (genitive Chimaerae); first declension

Chimaerae (genitive)
Chimaera (nominative singular)
Chimaerae (genitive singular)
Chimaerae (dative singular)
Chimaeram (accusative singular)
Chimaerā (ablative singular)
Chimaera (singular vocative)

From Ancient Greek Χίμαιρα (Khímaira, “fire-breathing Lycian monster, fire-spewing Lycian or Cilician mountain”), from χίμαιρα (khímaira, “she-goat”).


cura

la-noun

cūra f (genitive cūrae); first declension

cūra (canonical feminine)
cūrae (genitive)
cūra (nominative singular)
cūrae (nominative plural)
cūrae (genitive singular)
cūrārum (genitive plural)
cūrae (dative singular)
cūrīs (dative plural)
cūram (accusative singular)
cūrās (accusative plural)
cūrā (ablative singular)
cūrīs (ablative plural)
cūra (singular vocative)
cūrae (plural vocative)
coira (alternative archaic)
coera (alternative archaic)

Catalan: cura

Corsican: cura

Friulian: cure

Italian: cura

Ladin: cura

desctree

→ Middle Irish: *cúramm
Irish: cúram
Manx: currym
Scottish Gaelic: cùram

Old French: cure
→ Middle Dutch: cure
Dutch: kuur
→ Middle English: cure
English: cure
Middle French: cure
French: cure

Piedmontese: cura

→ Proto-Brythonic: *kʉr

Middle Welsh: kur

Welsh: cur

Old Galician-Portuguese: cura

Portuguese: cura

Romagnol: cùra

Romanian: cură

Sicilian: cura

Spanish: cura

From Proto-Italic *kʷoizā, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷeys- (“to heed”).


latex

la-noun

latex m (genitive laticis); third declension

laticis (genitive)
latex (nominative singular)
laticēs (nominative plural)
laticis (genitive singular)
laticum (genitive plural)
laticī (dative singular)
laticibus (dative plural)
laticem (accusative singular)
laticēs (accusative plural)
latice (ablative singular)
laticibus (ablative plural)
latex (singular vocative)
laticēs (plural vocative)

→ English: latex

→ Armenian: լատեքս (latekʻs)

→ Catalan: làtex

→ Danish: latex

→ Dutch: latex

→ Esperanto: laktosuko

→ Finnish: lateksi

→ French: latex

→ Galician: látex

→ German: Latex

→ Ido: latexo

→ Italian: latice, lattice

→ Japanese: ラテックス (ratekkusu)

→ Polish: lateks

→ Portuguese: látice, látex

→ Romanian: latex

→ Russian: ла́текс (láteks)

→ Spanish: látex

→ Swedish: latex

Potentially a borrowing from Ancient Greek λᾰ́τᾰξ (lắtăx, “drop of wine”), reformed by analogy to other nouns in -ex. The semantic shift, however, from drop of wine to water is difficult to explain and may indicate that both words originated from a separate language. Perhaps from the same root as Proto-Celtic *latis (Old Irish laith (“liquid, beer”), Welsh llad (“beer”)) or Proto-Germanic *ladjō- (Old High German letto (“clay, loam”), Old Norse leðja (“mud, dregs”)) or from a Pre-Greek language.

cog

(New Latin, medicine) A clear liquid believed to be a component of a humour or other bodily fluid (esp. plasma and lymph)


medulla

la-noun

medulla f (genitive medullae); first declension

medullae (genitive)
medulla (nominative singular)
medullae (nominative plural)
medullae (genitive singular)
medullārum (genitive plural)
medullae (dative singular)
medullīs (dative plural)
medullam (accusative singular)
medullās (accusative plural)
medullā (ablative singular)
medullīs (ablative plural)
medulla (singular vocative)
medullae (plural vocative)

Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: mãduã

Romanian: măduvă

Italo-Romance:

Corsican: marodda, marolla

Italian: midolla, midollo

Sicilian: miduḍḍa, miruḍḍa

North Italian:

>? Friulian: medole

Ligurian: moula, miola, meola

Lombard: miòla

Piedmontese: miola

Venetan: mioła, miola, meoła, meola

Fiumano: medola

Gallo-Romance:

Franco-Provençal: miola, muola

Old French: mëolle

French: moelle

Occitano-Romance:

Old Catalan: meolla, molla, mola

Catalan: molla

desc

Gascon: medora, meula, meura, mora, meusa

Occitan:

Auvergnat: miola, mesola, mzola

Languedocien: mesolha, mesola, meula, meulha, miola, miolha

Limousin: meula, meulha

Provençal: mesola, mevola, meula, meulha

Vivaro-Alpine: mesolha, mesola, meulha, miola, meula

Ibero-Romance:

Aragonese: miolla, medolla

Old Leonese:

Asturian: megolla, migolla, meolla, miolla

Leonese: megolla, migolla, miolla

Mirandese: miolha

Old Galician-Portuguese: *meola

Galician: miola, mola, meola

Portuguese: miola (Northern Portugal)

Borrowings:

→ Italian: medulla

→ Catalan: medul·la

→ English: medulla

→ French: médulla

→ Galician: medula

→ Portuguese: medula

→ Spanish: médula

Uncertain. Traditionally compared to Latin medius (“middle”), or Proto-Indo-European *mosgʰos (“brain, marrow”). De Vaan mentions neither of these theories, and instead prefers a derivation from Proto-Indo-European *smer-u-lo-, from *smérus (“grease, marrow”), with the irregular change from *-r- > -d- resulting from hypercorrection similar to that of *-d- > -r- in merīdiēs (“midday”).


punctum

la-noun

pūnctum n (genitive pūnctī); second declension

pūnctum (canonical neuter)
pūnctī (genitive)
pūnctum (nominative singular)
pūncta (nominative plural)
pūnctī (genitive singular)
pūnctōrum (genitive plural)
pūnctō (dative singular)
pūnctīs (dative plural)
pūnctum (accusative singular)
pūncta (accusative plural)
pūnctō (ablative singular)
pūnctīs (ablative plural)
pūnctum (singular vocative)
pūncta (plural vocative)

Asturian: puntu

Catalan: punt

→ Danish: punktum

→ Dutch: punt

→ English: punctum

Friulian: pont

Galician: punto

→ German: Punkt, Punktum

→ Esperanto: punkto

→ Serbo-Croatian: punkt

→ Hungarian: pont

→ Romanian: pont

Irish: ponc

Italian: punto

→ English: punto

→ Ottoman Turkish: پونطو (punto)

Turkish: punto

→ Middle Low German: punct

→ Old Norse: punktr

Danish: punkt

Norwegian Bokmål: punkt

Swedish: punkt

→ Middle Welsh: pwnc

Welsh: pwnc

→ Norwegian Bokmål: punktum

Occitan: ponch

desctree

→ Old Czech: punkt (learned)
Czech: punkt

Old French: point

→ Middle English: point

→ Middle Welsh: pwynt

Welsh: pwynt

English: point, p'int
→ Cantonese: point
→ Indonesian: poin
→ Japanese: ポイント (pointo)
→ Korean: 포인트 (pointeu)
→ Malay: poin

Middle French: poinct

French: point

→ Danish: point

→ Dutch: punt

→ Norwegian Bokmål: poeng

→ Polish: pointa

→ Swedish: poäng

→ Turkish: puan

→ Middle Irish: pointe

Irish: pointe

Norman: point

Portuguese: ponto

→ Polish: punkt (learned)

→ Proto-Brythonic: *puɨθ

Middle Welsh: pwyth

Welsh: pwyth

→ Romanian: punct

→ Russian: пункт (punkt)

Sicilian: puntu

Spanish: punto, puento (dialectal)

→ Tagalog: punto

Venetan: ponto

Neuter form of pūnctus, the perfect passive participle of pungō (“to prick, puncture”).

I. Pūnctum est cujus pars nūlla est.
Addendum est, situm habēns. Aliōquī et temporis īnstāns, et Anima pūnctum foret. Sit locus #92;bar#123;X#125;; sī jam quicquid est in locō #92;bar#123;X#125;, sit X, dīcētur X esse pūnctum, quāle A.

1858 [1712], Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, edited by Carl Immanuel Gerhardt and Georg Heinrich Pertz, Gesammelte Werke: Leibnizens mathematische Schriften [Collected Works: Leibniz's Mathematical Writings], volume 5, "In Euclidis πρῶτα" [About the first things of Euclid], page 183:

1. A point is that of which there is no part.
Having a position must be added. Otherwise, both an instant of time and a Soul would be a point. Let there be a locus ̄X; if anything is already in the locus ̄X, let it be X. X will be said to be a point, such as A.


frenum

la-noun

frēnum n (genitive frēnī); second declension

frēnum (canonical neuter)
frēnī (genitive)
frēnum (nominative singular)
frēna (nominative plural)
frēnī (nominative plural)
frēnī (genitive singular)
frēnōrum (genitive plural)
frēnō (dative singular)
frēnīs (dative plural)
frēnum (accusative singular)
frēna (accusative plural)
frēnōs (accusative plural)
frēnō (ablative singular)
frēnīs (ablative plural)
frēnum (singular vocative)
frēna (plural vocative)
frēnī (plural vocative)

Eastern Romance:

Aromanian: frãn, fãrnu, frãnu

Romanian: frână, frâu

Italian: freno

desctree

Old French: frein
Middle French: frein m
French: frein m
→ Khmer: ហ្វ្រ័ង (frang)
→ Ottoman Turkish: فرن (fren), فرهن (fren)
Turkish: fren
→ Vietnamese: phanh

Old Occitan:

Catalan: fre

Occitan: fren

Old Galician-Portuguese: frẽo

Galician: freo

Portuguese: freio

Old Spanish:

Spanish: freno
→ Bikol Central: preno
→ Cebuano: preno
→ Magdalena Peñasco Mixtec: frenu
→ Southeastern Tepehuan: piriiñ
→ Tagalog: preno

Rhaeto-Romance:

Friulian: fren

Romansch: frain, frein, fragn

Sardinian: frenu

Sicilian: frenu

Venetan: fren

→ Albanian: fre

→ Proto-Brythonic: *fruɨn

Old Welsh: fruin

Middle Welsh: ffrwyn

Welsh: ffrwyn

→ English: frenum

→ Old Irish: srían
Middle Irish: srían
Irish: srian
Scottish Gaelic: srian
Manx: streean

From Proto-Italic *frēnom, from earlier *θrēnom, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰr-eh₁-nom, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰer- (“to hold”). Cognates include ferē, fermē and firmus.

(anatomy) ligament which attaches the inside of the foreskin to the glans


Osiris

la-prop

Osīris m sg (genitive Osīris); third declension

Osīris (canonical masculine singular)
Osīris (genitive)
Osīris (nominative singular)
Osīris (genitive singular)
Osīrī (dative singular)
Osīrim (accusative singular)
Osīrin (accusative singular)
Osīrī (ablative singular)
Osīris (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Ὄσῑρῐς (Ósīrĭs).

bor+

(Egyptian mythology) Osiris (the Egyptian god of the dead and of the underworld)


Philemon

la-noun

Philēmōn m sg (genitive Philēmonis); third declension

Philēmōn (canonical masculine singular)
Philēmonis (genitive)
Philēmōn (nominative singular)
Philēmonis (genitive singular)
Philēmōnis (genitive singular)
Philēmonī (dative singular)
Philēmōnī (dative singular)
Philēmonem (accusative singular)
Philēmōnem (accusative singular)
Philēmone (ablative singular)
Philēmōne (ablative singular)
Philēmōn (singular vocative)
Philēmō (alternative)

From Ancient Greek Φιλήμων (Philḗmōn), from φιλήμων (philḗmōn, “kindly, affectionate”), from φιλέω (philéō, “I love”).

(Greek mythology) Philemon (a pious rustic, the husband of Baucis, who gave hospitality to Zeus)


Hellen

la-proper noun

Hellēn m sg (genitive Hellēnis); third declension

Hellēn (canonical masculine singular)
Hellēnis (genitive)
Hellēn (nominative singular)
Hellēnis (genitive singular)
Hellēnī (dative singular)
Hellēnem (accusative singular)
Hellēne (ablative singular)
Hellēn (singular vocative)

Asturian: helenu

Catalan: hel·lè

French: hellène

Italian: elleno

Portuguese: heleno

Romanian: elen

Spanish: heleno

(Greek mythology) Hellen (mythological patriarch of the Greeks)


velum

la-noun

vēlum n (genitive vēlī); second declension

vēlum (canonical neuter)
vēlī (genitive)
vēlum (nominative singular)
vēla (nominative plural)
vēlī (genitive singular)
vēlōrum (genitive plural)
vēlō (dative singular)
vēlīs (dative plural)
vēlum (accusative singular)
vēla (accusative plural)
vēlō (ablative singular)
vēlīs (ablative plural)
vēlum (singular vocative)
vēla (plural vocative)

Italo-Romance:

Italian: velo

Northern Gallo-Romance:

Old French: voil, veil

desctree

French: voile
→ Bulgarian: воа́л (voál)
→ English: voile
→ Irish: voil
→ Italian: voile
→ Romanian: voal
→ Russian: вуаль (vualʹ)
→ Vietnamese: voan

Norman: vouaile

→ English: veil

Southern Gallo-Romance:

Catalan: vel

Occitan: vel

Ibero-Romance:

Old Galician-Portuguese: veo

Portuguese: véu

Borrowings:

→ Albanian: vel

→ English: velum

→ Hebrew: וִילוֹן (wīlṓn)

→ Old Irish: fíal

Irish: fial

→ Romansch: vel

→ Romanian: văl

→ Spanish: velo

Insular Romance:

Sardinian: vela, bela

Italo-Romance:

Dalmatian: vaila

Italian: vela, velo (archaic)
→ Romanian: velă

Rhaeto-Romance:

Friulian: vele

Northern Gallo-Romance:

Old French: voile, veile, veille
Franc-Comtois: vouéle
French: voile
Norman: vaile

Southern Gallo-Romance:

Catalan: vela

Occitan: vela

Ibero-Romance:

Old Leonese:

Asturian: vela

Mirandese: bela

Old Galician-Portuguese: vea

Spanish: vela
→ Chamicuro: wela

Borrowings:

→ Classical Syriac: ܘܝܠܐ (wēlā)

→ Old Galician-Portuguese: vela

Galician: vela

Portuguese: vela

→ Romansch: vela

From Proto-Italic *wekslom (note the Latin term's diminutive form vēxillum (as in pālus > pāxillus), which lends credence to this reconstruction), with two competing theories:
* From Proto-Indo-European *wegslom, from *weg- (“to weave, bind”). Cognate with English wick, Welsh gweu (“to weave”).
* Others refer it to *weǵʰ- (“to ride”), thus "that which propels"; in this case, cognate with Proto-Slavic *veslo (“oar”). This is semantically less attractive than the above theory.


Cepheus

la-proper noun

Cēphe͡us m sg (genitive Cēpheī); second declension

Cēphe͡us (canonical masculine singular)
Cēpheī (genitive)
Cēphe͡us (nominative singular)
Cēpheī (genitive singular)
Cēpheō (dative singular)
Cēpheum (accusative singular)
Cēpheō (ablative singular)
Cēpheu (singular vocative)
Cēphee (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Κηφεύς (Kēpheús).

(Greek mythology) Cepheus (a king of Ethiopia, husband of Cassiopeia, father of Andromeda)


Cassiopeia

Cassiopeia f sg (genitive Cassiopeiae); first declension

Cassiopeiae (genitive)
Cassiopeia (nominative singular)
Cassiopeiae (genitive singular)
Cassiopeiae (dative singular)
Cassiopeiam (accusative singular)
Cassiopeiā (ablative singular)
Cassiopeia (singular vocative)
Cassiopē (alternative)
Cassiopēa (alternative)
Cassiepēa (alternative)
Cassiepīa (alternative)
Cassiepeia (alternative)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Κασσιόπεια (Kassiópeia) or Κασσιόπη (Kassiópē).

(Greek mythology) Cassiopeia (the proud wife of Ethiopian king Cepheus and mother of Andromeda)


quadratus

la-noun

quadrātus m (genitive quadrātī); second declension

quadrātus (canonical masculine)
quadrātī (genitive)
quadrātus (nominative singular)
quadrātī (nominative plural)
quadrātī (genitive singular)
quadrātōrum (genitive plural)
quadrātō (dative singular)
quadrātīs (dative plural)
quadrātum (accusative singular)
quadrātōs (accusative plural)
quadrātō (ablative singular)
quadrātīs (ablative plural)
quadrāte (singular vocative)
quadrātī (plural vocative)

Asturian: cuadradu

Catalan: quadrat

French: carré, cadrat

Galician: cadrado

Italian: quadrato

Norman: cârré

Polish: kwadrat

Portuguese: quadrado

Romanian: pătrat, cvadrat

Spanish: cuadrado

Perfect passive participle of quadrō (“make square”).


Cassiope

la-proper noun

Cassiopē f sg (genitive Cassiopēs); first declension

Cassiopē (canonical feminine singular)
Cassiopēs (genitive)
Cassiopē (nominative singular)
Cassiopēs (genitive singular)
Cassiopae (dative singular)
Cassiopēn (accusative singular)
Cassiopē (ablative singular)
Cassiopē (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Κασσιόπη (Kassiópē).

(Greek mythology) Cassiopeia (wife of Cepheus and mother of Andromeda)