pes

la-noun

pēs m (genitive pedis); third declension

pēs (canonical masculine)
pedis (genitive)
pēs (nominative singular)
pedēs (nominative plural)
pedis (genitive singular)
pedum (genitive plural)
pedī (dative singular)
pedibus (dative plural)
pedem (accusative singular)
pedēs (accusative plural)
pede (ablative singular)
pedibus (ablative plural)
pēs (singular vocative)
pedēs (plural vocative)

Balkan Romance:

⇒ Aromanian: pezã

Romanian: piez ⇒ piază

Dalmatian:

pi

Italo-Romance

Corsican: pede

Gallurese: pedi

Italian: piede

→ Esperanto: piedo

→ Ladino: piede (regional)

Neapolitan: pede

Sassarese: pedi

Sicilian: pedi, peri

Rhaeto-Romance:

Friulian: pît

Romansch: pe

Padanian:

Istriot: peîe, pèie

Gallo-Italic:

Ligurian: pê

Piedmontese: pe

Romagnol: pè, pid (Rimini, San Marino)

Venetan: piè

Northern Gallo-Romance:

Franco-Provençal: pièd

Norman: pid, pyid

desctree

Old French: pié, pé (Anglo-Norman), *pied, *piet
Middle French: pied
French: pied
Walloon: pî

Southern Gallo-Romance:

Catalan: peu

Old Occitan: pe
Occitan: pè

Ibero-Romance:

Asturian: pie

Extremaduran: pie

Leonese: pía

Mirandese: pie

Navarro-Aragonese: pie, pied

Aragonese: piet

Old Galician-Portuguese: pee
Galician: pé
Portuguese: pé

Old Spanish: pie
Ladino: pye
Spanish: pie

Sardinian:

Campidanese: pei

Logudorese: pe

Nuorese: pede

Derived forms:

⇒ Vulgar Latin: *pedicāre

Catalan: petjar

Borrowings:

→ English: pes

→ Ido: pedo

→ Interlingua: pede

→⇒ German: stante pede

From Proto-Italic *pets, from Proto-Indo-European *pṓds (compare Sanskrit पद् (pád), Ancient Greek πούς (poús) and Old English fōt, whence English foot).

(units of measure) any of various units of length notionally based on the adult human foot, especially (historical) the Roman foot.


clima

la-noun

clima n (genitive climatis); third declension

climatis (genitive)
clima (nominative singular)
climata (nominative plural)
climatis (genitive singular)
climatum (genitive plural)
climatī (dative singular)
climatibus (dative plural)
clima (accusative singular)
climata (accusative plural)
climate (ablative singular)
climatibus (ablative plural)
clima (singular vocative)
climata (plural vocative)

From Ancient Greek κλῐ́μᾰ (klíma, “region, zone of latitude”, originally “slope”), from κλῐ́νω (klínō, “I slope, incline”).

der

(historical units of measure) A Roman unit of area equivalent to a square with sides of 60 Roman feet.


saltus

la-noun

saltus m (genitive saltūs); fourth declension

saltūs (genitive)
saltus (nominative singular)
saltūs (nominative plural)
saltūs (genitive singular)
saltuum (genitive plural)
saltuī (dative singular)
saltibus (dative plural)
saltum (accusative singular)
saltūs (accusative plural)
saltū (ablative singular)
saltibus (ablative plural)
saltus (singular vocative)
saltūs (plural vocative)

Italian: salto

Asturian: sotu

Fala: soitu

Galician: souto

Portuguese: souto, soito, salto

Sardinian: sartu

Spanish: soto

Uncertain. Perhaps related to silva. Compare also Ancient Greek άλσος (álsos, “sacred grove, copse”), from Pre-Greek, which would point to substrate origin if related.

cog

(historical units of measure) A saltus, a large unit of area equal to four centuriae (approximately 500 acres or 200 hectares), used especially in reference to tracts of public land.


actus

la-noun

āctus m (genitive āctūs); fourth declension

āctus (canonical masculine)
āctūs (genitive)
āctus (nominative singular)
āctūs (nominative plural)
āctūs (genitive singular)
āctuum (genitive plural)
āctuī (dative singular)
āctibus (dative plural)
āctum (accusative singular)
āctūs (accusative plural)
āctū (ablative singular)
āctibus (ablative plural)
āctus (singular vocative)
āctūs (plural vocative)

→ Aragonese: acto

→ Asturian: actu

→ Catalan: acte

Corsican: attu

→ French: acte

→ Romanian: act

Friulian: at

→ Galician: acto

desctree

→ German: Akt
→ Norwegian Bokmål: akt
→ Polish: akt (semantic loan)

→ Middle Irish: acht

Irish: acht

Manx: aght

Scottish Gaelic: achd

Italian: atto

Neapolitan: atto

→ Norwegian Bokmål: akt

→ Occitan: acte

→ Old French: acte

→ English: act

Old Galician-Portuguese: auto

Portuguese: auto

Galician: auto

→ Portuguese: ato

→ Romansch: act

→ Russian: акт m (akt)

Sardinian: atu, attu

Sicilian: attu

Spanish: auto

→ Spanish: acto

→ Swedish: akt

Venetan: ato

From agō (“I do, make, drive”) + -tus (suffix forming fourth declension action nouns from verbs).

suffix

(historical units of measure) actus (a former Roman unit of length equal to 120 Roman feet (about 35.5 m))

(historical units of measure) actus (a former Roman unit of area equivalent to a square with sides of 1 actus (about 0.125 ha))


centuria

la-noun

centuria f (genitive centuriae); first declension

centuriae (genitive)
centuria (nominative singular)
centuriae (nominative plural)
centuriae (genitive singular)
centuriārum (genitive plural)
centuriae (dative singular)
centuriīs (dative plural)
centuriam (accusative singular)
centuriās (accusative plural)
centuriā (ablative singular)
centuriīs (ablative plural)
centuria (singular vocative)
centuriae (plural vocative)

→ Albanian: centurie

→ Asturian: centuria

→ Catalan: centúria

→ Galician: centuria

→ German: Zenturie

→ Italian: centuria

→ Old French: centurie

French: centurie

→ Middle English: centurie

English: century

Scots: centurie

→ Polish: centuria

→ Portuguese: centúria

→ Romanian: centurie

→ Russian: центу́рия (centúrija)

→ Spanish: centuria

*centu-viria, from centum (“one hundred”) + vir (“man”) + -ia.

af

(historical units of measure) a unit of area, equal to 100 heredia or 200 iugera (approximately 125 acres or 50 hectares)

contubernium (1⁄10 centuria after 107 BC)


pertica

la-noun

pertica f (genitive perticae); first declension

perticae (genitive)
pertica (nominative singular)
perticae (nominative plural)
perticae (genitive singular)
perticārum (genitive plural)
perticae (dative singular)
perticīs (dative plural)
perticam (accusative singular)
perticās (accusative plural)
perticā (ablative singular)
perticīs (ablative plural)
pertica (singular vocative)
perticae (plural vocative)

Itali-Romance:

Italian: pertica, perchia (Tuscan)

Padanian:

Emilian: perdga

Ligurian: pèrtega

Lombard: pèrtega, pertia

Piedmontese: pèrtia, pèrcia, perga

Northern Gallo-Romance:

Franco-Provençal: perche, percha (Valdôtain)

French: perche

Norman: pèrque

Southern Gallo-Romance:

Catalan: perxa

→ Spanish: percha

Occitan: pèrga

Gascon: pèrja

Nord-Occitan: perja

Provençal: pertega

Vivaro-Alpine: pertia, perga

Ibero-Romance:

Galician: pértega

Borrowings:

→ English: perch, pertica

desc

→ Portuguese: pértiga, pírtiga (semi-learned) (semi-learned)

→ Old Spanish: piértiga, pértiga (semi-learned) (semi-learned)

→ Spanish: pértiga (semi-learned)

From Proto-Italic *perth, *pertikā (whence also Oscan 𐌐𐌄𐌓𐌄𐌊 (perek, “pole”), Umbrian 𐌐𐌄𐌓𐌊𐌀𐌚 (perkaf, “rod”)), of uncertain origin. Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *pertʰ- (“pole, sprout”), and tentatively compared to Ancient Greek πτόρθος (ptórthos, “sprout”), Sanskrit कपृथ् (kapṛth, “penis”), though de Vaan dismisses these extra-Italic connections as "[not] even remotely convincing".
Compare ridica (“stake”).

cog

(units of measure) rod, (especially) the Roman rod of 10 ft (about 3 m)


modius

la-noun

modius m (genitive modiī or modī); second declension

modiī (genitive)
modī (genitive)
modius (nominative singular)
modiī (nominative plural)
modiī (genitive singular)
modī (genitive singular)
modiōrum (genitive plural)
modiō (dative singular)
modiīs (dative plural)
modium (accusative singular)
modiōs (accusative plural)
modiō (ablative singular)
modiīs (ablative plural)
modie (singular vocative)
modiī (plural vocative)

Italo-Romance:

Italian: moggio, mozzo

→ Sardinian: moggiu

Padanian:

Lombard: meugg

Piedmontese: meuj ⇒ armeuj, mojiss

Northern Gallo-Romance:

Bourguignon: meud

Old French: moi, mui

French: muid

→ English: muid

Southern Gallo-Romance:

Old Catalan: muig

Occitan: muèg, mueg

Gascon: moi, muei

Languedocien: muòg

Ibero-Romance:

Galician: moio

Portuguese: moio

Spanish: moyo

Insular Romance:

Sardinian: moju

Sicilian: moju

Borrowings:

→ Ancient Greek: μόδιος (módios)

→ English: modius

→ Italian: modio

→ Middle Dutch: mudde

Dutch: mud

→ Old English: mydd

→ Old Georgian: მოდი (modi)

→ Old High German: mutti

Middle High German: mutte, mütte

German: Mutt, Mütt

→ Old Irish: muide

Irish: muidhe

→ Spanish: modio

(historical units of measure) modius, a unit of dry measure (especially for grain) of about a peck or 9 litres


iugerum

iūgerum n (irregular, variously declined, genitive iūgerī); second declension, third declension

iūgerum (canonical neuter)
iūgerī (genitive)
iūgerum (nominative singular)
iūgera (nominative plural)
iūgerī (genitive singular)
iūgerum (genitive plural)
iūgerō (dative singular)
iūgeribus (dative plural)
iūgerum (accusative singular)
iūgera (accusative plural)
iūgerō (ablative singular)
iūgeribus (ablative plural)
iūgerīs (ablative plural)
iūgerum (singular vocative)
iūgera (plural vocative)

English: jugerum

French: jugère

Italian: iugero

Romanian: iugăr

[ˈi̯uːɡɛrʊ̃ˑ]

From Proto-Italic *jougos (“yoked team of animals”), from Proto-Indo-European *yéwgos. The plural preserves the original consonant-stem forms (from an unattested singular *iūgus), while the singular was back-formed from the nominative-accusative plural as a 2nd declension noun.

inh

Ille, Modos, quibus metirentur rura, alius alios constituit. Nam in Hispania ulteriore metiuntur iugis, in Campania versibus, apud nos in agro Romano ac Latino iugeris. Iugum vocant, quod iuncti boves uno die exarare possint.

1st century BCE, Marcus Terentius Varro, Rerum rusticarum libri III (Agricultural Topics in Three Books). Liber I, X

Each country has its own method of measuring land. Thus in farther Spain the unit of measure is the iugum, in Campania the versus, with us here in the district of Rome and in Latium the iugerum. The iugum is the amount of land which a yoke of oxen can plough in a day; the versus is an area 100 feet square; the iugerum an area containing two square actus.

(historical units of measure) A juger, a Roman unit of area, equivalent to 2 acti or 28,800 square feet (approximately ⅔ acre or ¼ hectare).


gomor

→ English: gomer

From the Vulgate transcription of Ancient Greek γομόρ (gomór) in the Septuagint, from Biblical Hebrew עומר (“sheaf; unit of dry measure”).

der

(historical units of measure) omer, a unit of dry volume equal to about 2.3 L.


iuger

la-noun

iūger n (genitive iūgeris); third declension

iūger (canonical neuter)
iūgeris (genitive)
iūger (nominative singular)
iūgera (nominative plural)
iūgeris (genitive singular)
iūgerum (genitive plural)
iūgerī (dative singular)
iūgeribus (dative plural)
iūger (accusative singular)
iūgera (accusative plural)
iūgere (ablative singular)
iūgeribus (ablative plural)
iūger (singular vocative)
iūgera (plural vocative)

English: juger

French: jugère

(historical units of measure) Alternative form of iūgerum: a unit of area.


decempeda

decempeda f (genitive decempedae); first declension

decempedae (genitive)
decempeda (nominative singular)
decempedae (nominative plural)
decempedae (genitive singular)
decempedārum (genitive plural)
decempedae (dative singular)
decempedīs (dative plural)
decempedam (accusative singular)
decempedās (accusative plural)
decempedā (ablative singular)
decempedīs (ablative plural)
decempeda (singular vocative)
decempedae (plural vocative)

Italian: decempeda

[d̪ɛˈkɛmpɛd̪ä]

From decem (“ten”) + pes (“foot; Roman foot”). Senses influenced by the Greek equivalent ἄκαινα (ákaina), a 10-foot measure based on a standardization of the goad used to drive plough oxen.

(historical units of measure) A unit of length equal to 10 Roman feet.

(historical units of measure) A unit of area equal to a square with sides of 10 Roman feet.


heredium

hērēdium n (genitive hērēdiī or hērēdī); second declension

hērēdium (canonical neuter)
hērēdiī (genitive)
hērēdī (genitive)
hērēdium (nominative singular)
hērēdia (nominative plural)
hērēdiī (genitive singular)
hērēdī (genitive singular)
hērēdiōrum (genitive plural)
hērēdiō (dative singular)
hērēdiīs (dative plural)
hērēdium (accusative singular)
hērēdia (accusative plural)
hērēdiō (ablative singular)
hērēdiīs (ablative plural)
hērēdium (singular vocative)
hērēdia (plural vocative)

From heres (“heir”) + -ium (suffix forming neuter nouns). Its use as a unit of area derives from an early land reform which bequeathed 2 jugers of land to each Roman citizen as heritable property.

(historical units of measure) A former Roman unit of area (approximately 1¼ acres or ½ hectare).