neuter

la-adj

neuter (feminine neutra, neuter neutrum); first/second-declension adjective (nominative masculine singular in -er, pronominal)

neutra (feminine)
neutrum (neuter)
in -er (masculine nominative singular)
neuter (masculine nominative singular)
neutra (feminine nominative singular)
neutrum (neuter nominative singular)
neutrī (masculine nominative plural)
neutrae (feminine nominative plural)
neutra (neuter nominative plural)
neutrī̆us (feminine genitive masculine neuter singular)
neutrōrum (genitive masculine plural)
neutrārum (feminine genitive plural)
neutrōrum (genitive neuter plural)
neutrī (dative feminine masculine neuter singular)
neutrīs (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
neutrum (accusative masculine singular)
neutram (accusative feminine singular)
neutrum (accusative neuter singular)
neutrōs (accusative masculine plural)
neutrās (accusative feminine plural)
neutra (accusative neuter plural)
neutrō (ablative masculine singular)
neutrā (ablative feminine singular)
neutrō (ablative neuter singular)
neutrīs (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
neuter (masculine singular vocative)
neutra (feminine singular vocative)
neutrum (neuter singular vocative)
neutrī (masculine plural vocative)
neutrae (feminine plural vocative)
neutra (neuter plural vocative)
necuter (alternative)

→ Catalan: neutre

→ French: neutre

→ Friulian: neutri

→ Galician: neutro

→ Italian: neutro

→ Occitan: neutre

→ Portuguese: neutro

→ Piedmontese: nèutr

→ Romanian: neutru

→ Spanish: neutro

From ne (“not”) + uter (“either”). In the grammatical sense, a semantic loan from Koine Greek οὐδέτερος (oudéteros), from οὐδέ (oudé, “not”) + ἕτερος (héteros, “one or the other (of two)”).

af

(grammar) neuter, intransitive (of a verb)


basis

la-noun

basis f (genitive basis); third declension

basis (genitive)
basis (nominative singular)
basēs (nominative plural)
basis (genitive singular)
basium (genitive plural)
basī (dative singular)
basibus (dative plural)
basim (accusative singular)
basēs (accusative plural)
basīs (accusative plural)
basī (ablative singular)
basibus (ablative plural)
basis (singular vocative)
basēs (plural vocative)

→ Asturian: base

→ Catalan: base

→ Danish: basis

→ Dutch: basis, base

→ Indonesian: basis, basa

→ English: basis

desctree

→ Dutch: base, basis (obsolete in this sense)
→ Indonesian: basa

→ English: base

→ Finnish: basis

→ Galician: base

→ German: Basis

⇒ German: Base

→ Italian: base

→ Macedonian: база (baza)

→ Norwegian:

Norwegian Bokmål: basis

Norwegian Nynorsk: basis

→ Old French: base
French: base (see there for further descendants)
→ Middle English: base, bace, bas, baas, basse
English: base
Scots: base

→ Polish: baza

→ Portuguese: base

→ Russian: ба́за (báza), ба́зис (bázis)

→ Armenian: բազա (baza)

→ Azerbaijani: baza

→ Kazakh: база (baza)

→ Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic: ба́за

Latin: báza

→ Slovene: bāza

→ Spanish: base

→ Swedish: bas

→ Turkish: baz

→ Ukrainian: ба́за (báza)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek βᾰ́σῐς (bắsĭs, “stepping, step; foot; base, pedestal”).


apex

la-noun

apex m (genitive apicis); third declension

apicis (genitive)
apex (nominative singular)
apicēs (nominative plural)
apicis (genitive singular)
apicum (genitive plural)
apicī (dative singular)
apicibus (dative plural)
apicem (accusative singular)
apicēs (accusative plural)
apice (ablative singular)
apicibus (ablative plural)
apex (singular vocative)
apicēs (plural vocative)

→ Catalan: àpex

→ English: apex

→ French: apex

→ Galician: ápice

→ German: Apex

→ Italian: apice

→ Portuguese: ápice, ápex

→ Romanian: apex

→ Spanish: ápice, ápex

From Proto-Italic *apeks, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ep- (“to join, fit”). Cognate with Latin apō (“to fasten, join, tie to”).

der

(grammar) The macron (long mark over a vowel).

The macron (long mark over a vowel).
The forms or outlines of the letters.


genus

la-noun

genus n (genitive generis); third declension

generis (genitive)
genus (nominative singular)
genera (nominative plural)
generis (genitive singular)
generum (genitive plural)
generī (dative singular)
generibus (dative plural)
genus (accusative singular)
genera (accusative plural)
genere (ablative singular)
generibus (ablative plural)
genus (singular vocative)
genera (plural vocative)

Catalan: gens

Franco-Provençal: gins

Old French: giens

→ Arabic: جِنْس (jins)

→ Catalan: gènere

→ Danish: genus

→ Dutch: genus

→ English: genus (see there for further descendants)

→ Finnish: genus

→ Galician: xendra, xénero

→ German: Genus

→ Irish: géineas

→ Italian: genere

→ Old French: gen(d)re (see there for further descendants)

→ Norwegian Bokmål: genus

→ Portuguese: género, gênero (Brazil)

→ Romanian: gen

→ Spanish: género

→ Swedish: genus

From Proto-Italic *genos, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵénh₁os n (“race”), from the root *ǵenh₁- (“to produce, beget”); compare also gēns, gignō and -gnus, from the same root. From the genitive gener-is (< PIE *ǵénh₁es-os), the sound shift -r- < *-s- can be observed, through which the Old Latin form *genes-is can be reconstructed.
Cognates include Ancient Greek γένος (génos, “race, stock, kin, kind”), Sanskrit जनस् (jánas, “race, class of beings”), Proto-Celtic *genos (“birth; family”), and English kin. Doublet of genea.

cog

6th century, Magnus Aurelius Cassiodorus (attributed): Commentarium de oratione et de octo partibus orationis. In: „Patrologiae cursus completus sive Bibliotheca universalis, integra, uniformis, commoda, oeconomica, omnium ss. patrum, doctorum scriptorumque ecclesiasticorum qui ab aevo apostolico ad innocentii III tempora floruerunt; […] . Series prima, in qua prodeunt patres, doctores scriptoresque ecclesiae latinae a tertulliano ad gregorium magnum. Accurante J.-P. Migne, cursuum completorum in singulos scientiae ecclesiaticae ramos editore. Patrologiae tomus LXX. Cassiodori tomus posterior. – Magni Aurelii Cassiodori senatoris, viri patricii, consularis, et vivariensis abbatis opera omnia in duos tomos distributa, ad fidem manuscriptiorum codicum emendata et aucta, notis, observationibus et indicibus locupletata, praecedente auctoris vita, quae nunc primum in lucem prodit cum dissertatione de ejus monarchatu. Opera et studio J. Garetii monarchi ordinis sancti Benedicti e congregatione sancti mauri. Nobis autem curantibus accesserunt complexiones in epistolas b. Pauli quas edidit et annotavit scipio Maffeius. Tomus posterior. – Parisiis, venit apud editorem, in via dicta d'amboise, près la barriere d'enfer, ou petit-montrouge. 1847“, p. 1225

Nouns have six genders: masculine, e.g. hic Cato 'this man Cato'; feminine, e.g. haec musa 'this muse'; neuter, e.g. hoc monile 'this necklace'; common to two genders, e.g. hic et haec sacerdos 'this priest or priestess'; of three genders, e.g. hic, et haec, et hoc felix 'this lucky man, woman or thing'; epicene, called promiscous in Latin, e.g. passer 'sparrow', aquila 'eagle'.

Genera nominum sunt sex: masculinum, ut hic Cato; femininum, ut haec musa; neutrum, ut hoc monile; commune duorum generum, ut hic et haec sacerdos: trium generum, ut hic, et haec, et hoc felix; epicoenon, quod Latine promiscuum dicitur, ut passer, aquila.

Genera nominum, septem sunt. Masculinum, cui praeponitur hic: ut hic Dominus. Foemineum, cui praeponitur haec: ut haec musa. Neutrum, cui praeponuntur hoc: ut hoc templum. Commune, cui praeponuntur hic, & haec: ut hic, & haec Sacerdos. Omne, cui praeponuntur hic, haec, hoc, vel per tres varias voces inflectitur: ut hic, haec, hoc felix, bonus, bona, bonum. Dubium, quod modo masculinum, modo faemineum, apud Oratores etiam invenitur: ut hic, vel haec dies. Promiscuum, in quo sexus uterque per alterum apparet: ut hic passer, haec aquila, hic lepus.

16th century, Andreas Semperius (a.k.a. Andreas Sampere, Andreu Sempere): Andreae Semperii Valentini Alcodiani, doctoris medici, prima grammaticae latinae institutio tribus libris explicata, Majorca/Mallorca, 1819, p.19

Nouns have seven genders. Masculine, which you can precede with hic: hic dominus 'this Lord'. Feminine, which you can precede with haec, e.g. haec musa 'this muse'. Neuter, which you can precede with hoc, e.g. hoc templum 'this temple'. Common, which you can precede with hic and haec: hic & haec sacerdos 'this male or female priest'. Universal, which you can precede with all three of hic, haec, hoc, or which vary in three forms, e.g. hic, haec, hoc felix 'this lucky man, woman, thing', hic bonus, haec bona, hoc bonum 'this good man, good woman, good thing'. Doubtful, which in the orators can be found to be sometimes masculine, sometimes feminine, e.g. hic, vel haec dies 'this day'. Promiscuous, in which a gender appears instead of another, e.g. hic passer 'this sparrow' (always masculine), haec aquila 'this eagle' (always feminine), hic lepus 'this rabbit' (always masculine).

Genera verborum quot sunt? Quinque. Quae? Activa passiva neutra deponentia communia.

How many types of verbs are there? Five. Which ones? Active, passive, neuter, deponent, common.

Verborum genera quinque sunt, activa passiva neutra communia deponentia.

Maurus Servius Honoratus, Commentarius in Artem Donati

There are five types of verbs: active, passive, neuter, common, deponent.


verbum

la-noun

verbum n (genitive verbī); second declension

verbī (genitive)
verbum (nominative singular)
verba (nominative plural)
verbī (genitive singular)
verbōrum (genitive plural)
verbō (dative singular)
verbīs (dative plural)
verbum (accusative singular)
verba (accusative plural)
verbō (ablative singular)
verbīs (ablative plural)
verbum (singular vocative)
verba (plural vocative)

Asturian: vierbu

French: verve

Old Galician-Portuguese: vervo, verva

Galician: verbo, verba

Portuguese: verbo, verba

Italian: verbo, verba

Romanian: vorbă (possibly)

Sardinian: belvu, berbu

→ Aragonese: berbo

→ Asturian: verbu

→ Basque: berba

→ Catalan: verb

→ Corsican: verbu

→ Czech: verbum

→ English: verb

→ French: verbe

→ German: Verb, Verbum

→ Lombard: verb

→ Norwegian Bokmål: verb, verbo

→ Occitan: vèrb

→ Piedmontese: verb

→ Romanian: verb

→ Sicilian: verbu

Old Spanish: vierbo

Ladino: byervo

Spanish: verbo

→ Swedish: verb

→ Welsh: berf

From Proto-Italic *werβom, from Proto-Indo-European *werdʰh₁om (“word”). Cognate with Umbrian 𐌖𐌄𐌓𐌚𐌀𐌋𐌄 (uerfale), English word.
In the grammatical sense of “verb”, it is a semantic loan from Ancient Greek ῥῆμᾰ (rhêmă).


active

la-adv

āctīvē (comparative āctīvius, superlative āctīvissimē)

āctīvē (canonical)
āctīvius (comparative)
āctīvissimē (superlative)


masculinus

la-adj

masculīnus (feminine masculīna, neuter masculīnum); first/second-declension adjective

masculīnus (canonical)
masculīna (feminine)
masculīnum (neuter)
masculīnus (masculine nominative singular)
masculīna (feminine nominative singular)
masculīnum (neuter nominative singular)
masculīnī (masculine nominative plural)
masculīnae (feminine nominative plural)
masculīna (neuter nominative plural)
masculīnī (genitive masculine singular)
masculīnae (feminine genitive singular)
masculīnī (genitive neuter singular)
masculīnōrum (genitive masculine plural)
masculīnārum (feminine genitive plural)
masculīnōrum (genitive neuter plural)
masculīnō (dative masculine singular)
masculīnae (dative feminine singular)
masculīnō (dative neuter singular)
masculīnīs (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
masculīnum (accusative masculine singular)
masculīnam (accusative feminine singular)
masculīnum (accusative neuter singular)
masculīnōs (accusative masculine plural)
masculīnās (accusative feminine plural)
masculīna (accusative neuter plural)
masculīnō (ablative masculine singular)
masculīnā (ablative feminine singular)
masculīnō (ablative neuter singular)
masculīnīs (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
masculīne (masculine singular vocative)
masculīna (feminine singular vocative)
masculīnum (neuter singular vocative)
masculīnī (masculine plural vocative)
masculīnae (feminine plural vocative)
masculīna (neuter plural vocative)

→ Catalan: masculí

→ Corsican: masculinu

→ English: masculine

→ French: masculin

→ Friulian: masculin

→ Galician: masculino

→ Italian: mascolino

→ Occitan: masculin

→ Portuguese: masculino

→ Romanian: masculin

→ Sicilian: masculinu

→ Spanish: masculino

→ Turkish: maskülen

Adjective from māsculus (“like a male, mannish”), diminutive of mās (“male, man”), + -īnus (suffix forming adjectives indicating possession or origin).


diaeresis

la-noun

diaeresis f (genitive diaeresis or diaereseōs or diaeresios); third declension

diaeresis (genitive)
diaereseōs (genitive)
diaeresios (genitive)
diaeresis (nominative singular)
diaeresēs (nominative plural)
diaereseis (nominative plural)
diaeresis (genitive singular)
diaereseōs (genitive singular)
diaeresios (genitive singular)
diaeresium (genitive plural)
diaeresī (dative singular)
diaeresibus (dative plural)
diaeresim (accusative singular)
diaeresin (accusative singular)
diaeresem (accusative singular)
diaeresēs (accusative plural)
diaeresīs (accusative plural)
diaeresī (ablative singular)
diaerese (ablative singular)
diaeresibus (ablative plural)
diaeresis (singular vocative)
diaeresi (singular vocative)
diaeresēs (plural vocative)
diaereseis (plural vocative)

→ English: diaeresis

→ French: diérèse

→ Portuguese: diérese

→ Spanish: diéresis

Borrowed from Ancient Greek δῐαίρεσῐς (dĭaíresĭs).

etymon

AD 98–138, Velius Longus (aut.), T.H.G. Keil (ed.), Liber de orthographia in Grammatici Latini VII (1880), p. 57, ll. 21–28

(please add an English translation of this quotation)

sed et quidam in hac quoque scriptione voluerunt esse differentiam, ut pluralis quidem numeri nominativus casus per a et e scriberetur, genetivus vero singularis per a et i, hoc quoque argumentantes, quod diaeresis, sive dialysis illa dicetur, a nominativo plurali non fit, sed ex singulari obliquo, cum dicitur ‘ a u l a i i n m e d i o ’ et // d i v e s e q u u m , d i v e s p i c t a i v e s t i s e t a u r i , // item rei nostrai, faciendai, magnai.

Fvrit intvs aqvai fvmidvs id est aquae amnis: nec inmerito; nam potest esse et alterius rei amnis, “ut fluvios videt ille cruoris”. Hanc autem diaeresin Tucca et Varius fecerunt: nam Vergilius sic reliquerat “furit intus aquae amnis” et “exuberat amnis”: quod satis asperum fuit. Notandum quod in toto Vergilio non reperiuntur nisi quattuor diaereses, hoc loco, et in tertio ⟨354⟩, ut “aulai medio libabant pocula Bacchi”, et in VI. ⟨747⟩ ut “aurai simplicis ignem”, et in IX. ⟨26⟩ “dives pictai vestis et auri”.

circa''' AD 384, Ser. Honoratus (aut.), G. Thilo & H. Hagen (eds.), In Vergilii Aeneidos commentarii in Servii Grammatici qui feruntur in Vergilii carmina commentarii II (1884), bk vii, l. 464 (p. 160, ll. 1–9)

(grammar) diaeresis (division of a diphthong into two vowels in consecutive syllables)


tmesis

la-noun

tmēsis f (genitive tmēsis); third declension

tmēsis (canonical feminine)
tmēsis (genitive)
tmēsis (nominative singular)
tmēsēs (nominative plural)
tmēsis (genitive singular)
tmēsium (genitive plural)
tmēsī (dative singular)
tmēsibus (dative plural)
tmēsin (accusative singular)
tmēsim (accusative singular)
tmēsēs (accusative plural)
tmēsīs (accusative plural)
tmēsī (ablative singular)
tmēsibus (ablative plural)
tmēsis (singular vocative)
tmēsēs (plural vocative)
thmesis (alternative)

English: tmesis

French: tmèse

From Ancient Greek τμῆσις (tmêsis, “a cutting”), from τέμνω (témnō, “I cut”).

der

(grammar) The separation of a word, tmesis.


femina

la-noun

fēmina f (genitive fēminae); first declension

fēmina (canonical feminine)
fēminae (genitive)
fēmina (nominative singular)
fēminae (nominative plural)
fēminae (genitive singular)
fēminārum (genitive plural)
fēminae (dative singular)
fēminīs (dative plural)
fēminam (accusative singular)
fēminās (accusative plural)
fēminā (ablative singular)
fēminīs (ablative plural)
fēmina (singular vocative)
fēminae (plural vocative)
foemina (alternative)

Dalmatian:

femia

Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: feamin

Romanian: famen

→ Albanian: femër, femën — Gheg

Italo-Romance:

Corsican: femina

Istriot: fimana

Italian: femmina

desc

Judeo-Italian: פֵֿימֵינַה (p̄emenah /fem(m)ena/)

Neapolitan: femmena

Sicilian: fìmmina

Sardinian:

femina, emina, femia

Padanian:

Lombard: femna, fomna, fonna

Friulian: femine

Ladin: femena

Piedmontese: fomna, fombra, fomla

Romansch: femna

Venetan: fémena

Northern Gallo-Romance:

Franco-Provençal: fèna

desctree

Old French: fame, fam, feme
Bourbonnais-Berrichon: fonne
Bourguignon: fanne, fonne
Champenois: fanme, fonme, fomme
Gallo: fame, fom
Lorrain: fomme
Middle French: femme (see there for further descendants)
Norman: femme, fâme, faume, faumme (Guernsey), foume (continental Normandy), fenme (Cotentin), foume, fenme
Picard: fanme, féme, feume
Walloon: feme
→ Middle English: femme, feme
English: femme, feme

Southern Gallo-Romance:

Catalan: fembra

Old Occitan: femna, feme

Occitan: femna, (Gascon) hemna, frema

Ibero-Romance:

Asturian: fema

Old Galician-Portuguese: femea, femẽa
Galician: femia, fema, fémea
Portuguese: fêmeo, fêmea (see there for further descendants)

Old Spanish: femna, fembra
Spanish: hembra
→ English: hembra

Borrowings:

→ Ido: femino

→ English: femina (perhaps via Italian)

→ Spanish: fémina

From Proto-Italic *fēmanā, from earlier *θēmanā, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-m̥h₁n-éh₂ (“[the one] nursing, breastfeeding”), the feminine mediopassive participle of *dʰeh₁(y)- (“to suck, suckle”). Related to fellō, fētus, fīlius.


tempus

la-noun

tempus n (genitive temporis); third declension

temporis (genitive)
tempus (nominative singular)
tempora (nominative plural)
temporis (genitive singular)
temporum (genitive plural)
temporī (dative singular)
temporibus (dative plural)
tempus (accusative singular)
tempora (accusative plural)
tempore (ablative singular)
temporibus (ablative plural)
tempus (singular vocative)
tempora (plural vocative)
temporī (locative singular)
tempore (locative singular)
temporibus (locative plural)

Eastern Romance:

Megleno-Romanian: timp

Romanian: timp

Italo-Dalmatian:

Corsican: tempu

Dalmatian: tiamp

Istriot: tenpo

Italian: tempo (see there for further descendants)

desc

Judeo-Italian: טִִינְפוֹ (ṭinəpo /tinpo/)

Neapolitan: tiempo

Sicilian: tempu

Venetan: tenpo, tempo, tènp

Rhaeto-Romance:

Friulian: timp

Ladin: tëmp

Romansch: temp, taimp, tains

Gallo-Italic:

Emilian: tänp

Ligurian: tempo

Lombard: temp

Piedmontese: temp

Gallo-Romance:

Franco-Provençal: temps

Old French: temps (see there for further descendants)

Occitano-Romance:

Old Catalan: temps

Catalan: temps

desctree

Old Occitan: tems
Occitan: tèms, tems, temps

Ibero-Romance:

Asturian: tiempu

Old Galician-Portuguese: tempo

Galician: tempo

Portuguese: tempo

Spanish: tiempo

Borrowings:

→ Finnish: tempus

→ Middle Welsh: tymhor

Welsh: tymor

→ Norwegian Bokmål: tempus

→ Russian: темп (temp)

→ Sardinian: tempus

→ Swedish: tempus

⇒ Vulgar Latin: *tempula, *templa

Catalan: templa

Italian: tempia

Old French: temple
French: tempe
→ Middle English: temple
English: temple

Romanian: tâmplă

⇒ Asturian: tenllera

⇒ Galician: tempas

→ Basque: denbora

→ Italian: tempora

→ Portuguese: têmpora

→ Sicilian: tèmpura

→ Spanish: témpora

From Proto-Italic *tempos; thence, two ultimate origins have been proposed:
* From Proto-Indo-European *tempos (“stretch”), from the extension *temp- of the root *ten- (“to stretch, string”), with meaning development "what is stretched, stretching" → "stretch (of time)" → "time, occasion".
* From Proto-Indo-European *temh₁- (“to cut”), thus "a section (of time)", this root also giving Latin temnō, tondeō, Ancient Greek τέμνω (témnō). templum is a possible cognate that has also been assigned to both roots.
Sense 2 is a semantic loan from Ancient Greek τὰ καίρῐᾰ (tà kaírĭă, “the vital or fatal place (on the body)”), from καιρός (kairós, “time, opportunity, etc.”), and is less frequent in singular form. Compare Old English þunwang (“temple of the head”), Middle High German tinne, tinge (“forehead, temples”).
As seen from the adverb temperī, the noun would originally have declined like genus.

cog

(grammar) a tense (property of a verb that indicates the point in time at which an action or state of being occurs)


casus

la-noun

cāsus m (genitive cāsūs); fourth declension

cāsus (canonical masculine)
cāsūs (genitive)
cāsus (nominative singular)
cāsūs (nominative plural)
cāsūs (genitive singular)
cāsuum (genitive plural)
cāsuī (dative singular)
cāsibus (dative plural)
cāsum (accusative singular)
cāsūs (accusative plural)
cāsū (ablative singular)
cāsibus (ablative plural)
cāsus (singular vocative)
cāsūs (plural vocative)
cassus (alternative)

Asturian: casu

Catalan: cas

desctree

→ Dutch: casus
→ Dutch: c.q.
→ Indonesian: kasus

→ Finnish: kaasus

Galician: caso

→ German: Kasus

Italian: caso

Occitan: cas

Mirandese: causo

Neapolitan: caso

→ Old French: cas

French: cas

→ Middle English: cas
English: case
→ Irish: cás

Portuguese: caso, acaso

→ Romanian: caz

Romansch: cas

→ Russian: ка́зус (kázus)

Sicilian: casu

→ Spanish: caso

→ Cebuano: kaso

→ Ladino: kavzo

→ Tagalog: kaso

Swedish: kasus

Venetan: caxo

From cāssus with regular degemination after a long vowel, for cadō (“to fall, happen”) + -tus (“action noun suffix”), from Proto-Italic *kadō, Proto-Indo-European *ḱh₂d- (“to fall”). The grammatical sense is a semantic loan from Ancient Greek πτῶσις (ptôsis) (whence also calqued Old Church Slavonic падежь (padežĭ) (Russian паде́ж (padéž)), German Fall).


persona

la-noun

persōna f (genitive persōnae); first declension

persōna (canonical feminine)
persōnae (genitive)
persōna (nominative singular)
persōnae (nominative plural)
persōnae (genitive singular)
persōnārum (genitive plural)
persōnae (dative singular)
persōnīs (dative plural)
persōnam (accusative singular)
persōnās (accusative plural)
persōnā (ablative singular)
persōnīs (ablative plural)
persōna (singular vocative)
persōnae (plural vocative)

Asturian: persona

Catalan: persona

Italian: persona

Ladin: persona

Ligurian: persónn-a

desctree

Old French: persone, parsone, persoun, persoune, presonne
Middle French: personne
French: personne
Louisiana Creole: personne
Norman: pèrsonne
→ Middle English: persoun, personne
English:
parson
person
Nigerian Pidgin: pesin

Old Occitan: persona

Occitan: persona

Old Galician-Portuguese: pessõa, persõa
Galician: persoa
Portuguese: pessoa

Piedmontese: përson-a

Sicilian: pirsuna

→ English: persona
→ Japanese: ペルソナ (perusona)

→ Esperanto: persono

→ Icelandic: persóna

→ Ido: persono

→ Indonesian: persona

→ Interlingua: persona

→ Latgalian: persona

→ Latvian: persona

→ Manx: persoon

→ Middle Dutch: persone

Dutch: persoon
Afrikaans: persoon
→ Indonesian: person

→ Middle High German: persōn, persōne

German: Person

Hunsrik: Person

Luxembourgish: Persoun

desc

Yiddish: פּאַרשוין (parshoyn), פּערזאָן (perzon)

desctree

→ Old Irish: persan
Middle Irish: persa
Irish: pearsa
Scottish Gaelic: pearsa

→ Polish: persona

→ Romanian: persoană

→ Russian: персо́на (persóna)

→ Spanish: persona

→ Swedish: person

→ Welsh: person

Unknown.
Two links have been suggested:
* to Etruscan 𐌘𐌄𐌓𐌔𐌖 (φersu) (human figure appearing with a mask), which some have referred to Perseus, some to Ancient Greek πρόσωπον (prósōpon, “mask, character”);
* to personō (“to sound through”), often by Roman writers, but notice short and long o.


neutrum

la-noun

neutrum n (genitive neutrī); second declension

neutrī (genitive)
neutrum (nominative singular)
neutra (nominative plural)
neutrī (genitive singular)
neutrōrum (genitive plural)
neutrō (dative singular)
neutrīs (dative plural)
neutrum (accusative singular)
neutra (accusative plural)
neutrō (ablative singular)
neutrīs (ablative plural)
neutrum (singular vocative)
neutra (plural vocative)

→ Danish: neutrum

→ Dutch: neutrum

→ Finnish: neutri

→ French: neutre

→ German: Neutrum

desctree

→ Old Irish: neutur, neutor
Irish: neodar
Scottish Gaelic: neodar

→ Norwegian Bokmål: nøytrum

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: nøytrum

→ Portuguese: neutro

→ Swedish: neutrum


pluralis

la-adj

plūrālis (neuter plūrāle); third-declension two-termination adjective

plūrālis (canonical)
plūrāle (neuter)
plūrālis (feminine masculine nominative singular)
plūrāle (neuter nominative singular)
plūrālēs (feminine masculine nominative plural)
plūrālia (neuter nominative plural)
plūrālis (feminine genitive masculine neuter singular)
plūrālium (feminine genitive masculine neuter plural)
plūrālī (dative feminine masculine neuter singular)
plūrālibus (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
plūrālem (accusative feminine masculine singular)
plūrāle (accusative neuter singular)
plūrālēs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
plūrālīs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
plūrālia (accusative neuter plural)
plūrālī (ablative feminine masculine neuter singular)
plūrālibus (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
plūrālis (feminine masculine singular vocative)
plūrāle (neuter singular vocative)
plūrālēs (feminine masculine plural vocative)
plūrālia (neuter plural vocative)

→ Old French: plurel

→ Middle English: plurelle

English: plural

Scots: plural

→ German: Pluralis, Plural


pluralis

la-noun

plūrālis m (genitive plūrālis); third declension

plūrālis (canonical masculine)
plūrālis (genitive)
plūrālis (nominative singular)
plūrālēs (nominative plural)
plūrālis (genitive singular)
plūrālium (genitive plural)
plūrālī (dative singular)
plūrālibus (dative plural)
plūrālem (accusative singular)
plūrālēs (accusative plural)
plūrālīs (accusative plural)
plūrāle (ablative singular)
plūrālibus (ablative plural)
plūrālis (singular vocative)
plūrālēs (plural vocative)

(grammar) plural (short for numerus plūrālis)


paragoge

paragōgē f (genitive paragōgēs); first declension

paragōgē (canonical feminine)
paragōgēs (genitive)
paragōgē (nominative singular)
paragōgae (nominative plural)
paragōgēs (genitive singular)
paragōgārum (genitive plural)
paragōgae (dative singular)
paragōgīs (dative plural)
paragōgēn (accusative singular)
paragōgās (accusative plural)
paragōgē (ablative singular)
paragōgīs (ablative plural)
paragōgē (singular vocative)
paragōgae (plural vocative)

From Ancient Greek παραγωγή (paragōgḗ, “derivation, addition”).


vox

la-noun

vōx f (genitive vōcis); third declension

vōx (canonical feminine)
vōcis (genitive)
vōx (nominative singular)
vōcēs (nominative plural)
vōcis (genitive singular)
vōcum (genitive plural)
vōcī (dative singular)
vōcibus (dative plural)
vōcem (accusative singular)
vōcēs (accusative plural)
vōce (ablative singular)
vōcibus (ablative plural)
vōx (singular vocative)
vōcēs (plural vocative)

Aromanian: boatsi, boatse, botsi

Asturian: voz

Catalan: veu

Corsican: boce, voce

Dalmatian: baud

→ Esperanto: voĉo

Old French: vois, voiz

Middle French: voix

French: voix

Norman: vouaix

Walloon: vwès

Anglo-Norman: voiz, voys, voice

→ Middle English: voice, voys, vois

English: voice

Istriot: boûz, vuze

Italian: voce

Judeo-Italian: ווּצֵי (wuṣe /vuce/)

Mirandese: boç

Neapolitan: voce

Occitan: votz

Old Galician-Portuguese: voz

Galician: voz

Portuguese: voz

Old Spanish: voz

Ladino: boz

Spanish: voz

→ Basque: boz

Piedmontese: vus

Rhaeto-Romance

Friulian: vôs

Romansch: vusch

Romanian: boace; → voce

desc

Sardinian: boche, voche, boghe, voghe, boxi

Sicilian: vuci

Venetan: vóxe

From Proto-Italic *wōks, from Proto-Indo-European *wṓkʷs (“speech, voice”) (with stem vōc- for voqu- from the nominative case), an o-grade root noun of *wekʷ- (“to speak”). Cognates include Sanskrit वाच् (vā́c) and Ancient Greek ὄψ (óps).

der

(grammar) voice; indicating the relation of the subject of the verb to the action which the verb expresses


syllepsis

la-noun

syllēpsis f (genitive syllēpsis or syllēpseōs or syllēpsios); third declension

syllēpsis (canonical feminine)
syllēpsis (genitive)
syllēpseōs (genitive)
syllēpsios (genitive)
syllēpsis (nominative singular)
syllēpsēs (nominative plural)
syllēpseis (nominative plural)
syllēpsis (genitive singular)
syllēpseōs (genitive singular)
syllēpsios (genitive singular)
syllēpsium (genitive plural)
syllēpsī (dative singular)
syllēpsibus (dative plural)
syllēpsim (accusative singular)
syllēpsin (accusative singular)
syllēpsem (accusative singular)
syllēpsēs (accusative plural)
syllēpsīs (accusative plural)
syllēpsī (ablative singular)
syllēpse (ablative singular)
syllēpsibus (ablative plural)
syllēpsis (singular vocative)
syllēpsi (singular vocative)
syllēpsēs (plural vocative)
syllēpseis (plural vocative)

→ English: syllepsis

→ German: Syllepse, Syllepsis

→ Polish: syllepsa, syllepsis

→ Portuguese: silepse (learned)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek σύλληψις (súllēpsis), from συλλαμβάνω (sullambánō).


diastole

diastolē f (genitive diastolēs); first declension

diastolē (canonical feminine)
diastolēs (genitive)
diastolē (nominative singular)
diastolae (nominative plural)
diastolēs (genitive singular)
diastolārum (genitive plural)
diastolae (dative singular)
diastolīs (dative plural)
diastolēn (accusative singular)
diastolās (accusative plural)
diastolē (ablative singular)
diastolīs (ablative plural)
diastolē (singular vocative)
diastolae (plural vocative)

→ German: Diastole

huic contraria est diastole, dextera pars circuli ad imam litteram adposita.

late AD 4th century, Diomedes Grammaticus, Artis Grammaticae libri III 435.10–11

c. 560 CE – 636 CE, Isidorus Hispalensis 1.18.7

scriptio continua
scriptio continua#English

hypodiastole: ⟨⸒⟩ (a written mark, chiefly occurring in scriptio continua, used to distinguish homographs and to mark the division of two words liable to be mistaken for a single compound word)

Tiberius Claudius Donatus 1742.P.

Aelius Donatus, Eun. 515

Servius Honoratus, G. 3.458

the determination of the meaning of a noun by means of an epithet


produco

la-verb

prōdūcō (present infinitive prōdūcere, perfect active prōdūxī, supine prōductum); third conjugation, irregular short imperative

prōdūcō (canonical)
irregular short imperative (canonical)
prōdūcere (infinitive present)
prōdūxī (active perfect)
prōductum (supine)
prōdūcō (active first-person indicative present singular)
prōdūcis (active indicative present second-person singular)
prōdūcit (active indicative present singular third-person)
prōdūcimus (active first-person indicative plural present)
prōdūcitis (active indicative plural present second-person)
prōdūcunt (active indicative plural present third-person)
prōdūcēbam (active first-person imperfect indicative singular)
prōdūcēbās (active imperfect indicative second-person singular)
prōdūcēbat (active imperfect indicative singular third-person)
prōdūcēbāmus (active first-person imperfect indicative plural)
prōdūcēbātis (active imperfect indicative plural second-person)
prōdūcēbant (active imperfect indicative plural third-person)
prōdūcam (active first-person future indicative singular)
prōdūcēs (active future indicative second-person singular)
prōdūcet (active future indicative singular third-person)
prōdūcēmus (active first-person future indicative plural)
prōdūcētis (active future indicative plural second-person)
prōdūcent (active future indicative plural third-person)
prōdūxī (active first-person indicative perfect singular)
prōdūxistī (active indicative perfect second-person singular)
prōdūxit (active indicative perfect singular third-person)
prōdūximus (active first-person indicative perfect plural)
prōdūxistis (active indicative perfect plural second-person)
prōdūxērunt (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
prōdūxēre (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
prōdūxeram (active first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
prōdūxerās (active indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
prōdūxerat (active indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
prōdūxerāmus (active first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
prōdūxerātis (active indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
prōdūxerant (active indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
prōdūxerō (active first-person future indicative perfect singular)
prōdūxeris (active future indicative perfect second-person singular)
prōdūxerit (active future indicative perfect singular third-person)
prōdūxerimus (active first-person future indicative perfect plural)
prōdūxeritis (active future indicative perfect plural second-person)
prōdūxerint (active future indicative perfect plural third-person)
prōdūcor (first-person indicative passive present singular)
prōdūceris (indicative passive present second-person singular)
prōdūcere (indicative passive present second-person singular)
prōdūcitur (indicative passive present singular third-person)
prōdūcimur (first-person indicative passive plural present)
prōdūciminī (indicative passive plural present second-person)
prōdūcuntur (indicative passive plural present third-person)
prōdūcēbar (first-person imperfect indicative passive singular)
prōdūcēbāris (imperfect indicative passive second-person singular)
prōdūcēbāre (imperfect indicative passive second-person singular)
prōdūcēbātur (imperfect indicative passive singular third-person)
prōdūcēbāmur (first-person imperfect indicative passive plural)
prōdūcēbāminī (imperfect indicative passive plural second-person)
prōdūcēbantur (imperfect indicative passive plural third-person)
prōdūcar (first-person future indicative passive singular)
prōdūcēris (future indicative passive second-person singular)
prōdūcēre (future indicative passive second-person singular)
prōdūcētur (future indicative passive singular third-person)
prōdūcēmur (first-person future indicative passive plural)
prōdūcēminī (future indicative passive plural second-person)
prōdūcentur (future indicative passive plural third-person)
prōdūcam (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
prōdūcās (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
prōdūcat (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
prōdūcāmus (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
prōdūcātis (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
prōdūcant (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
prōdūcerem (active first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
prōdūcerēs (active imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
prōdūceret (active imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
prōdūcerēmus (active first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
prōdūcerētis (active imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
prōdūcerent (active imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
prōdūxerim (active first-person perfect singular subjunctive)
prōdūxerīs (active perfect second-person singular subjunctive)
prōdūxerit (active perfect singular subjunctive third-person)
prōdūxerīmus (active first-person perfect plural subjunctive)
prōdūxerītis (active perfect plural second-person subjunctive)
prōdūxerint (active perfect plural subjunctive third-person)
prōdūxissem (active first-person pluperfect singular subjunctive)
prōdūxissēs (active pluperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
prōdūxisset (active pluperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
prōdūxissēmus (active first-person pluperfect plural subjunctive)
prōdūxissētis (active pluperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
prōdūxissent (active pluperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
prōdūcar (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
prōdūcāris (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
prōdūcāre (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
prōdūcātur (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
prōdūcāmur (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
prōdūcāminī (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
prōdūcantur (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
prōdūcerer (first-person imperfect passive singular subjunctive)
prōdūcerēris (imperfect passive second-person singular subjunctive)
prōdūcerēre (imperfect passive second-person singular subjunctive)
prōdūcerētur (imperfect passive singular subjunctive third-person)
prōdūcerēmur (first-person imperfect passive plural subjunctive)
prōdūcerēminī (imperfect passive plural second-person subjunctive)
prōdūcerentur (imperfect passive plural subjunctive third-person)
prōdūc (active imperative present second-person singular)
prōdūce (active imperative present second-person singular)
prōdūcite (active imperative plural present second-person)
prōdūcitō (active future imperative second-person singular)
prōdūcitō (active future imperative singular third-person)
prōdūcitōte (active future imperative plural second-person)
prōdūcuntō (active future imperative plural third-person)
prōdūcere (imperative passive present second-person singular)
prōdūciminī (imperative passive plural present second-person)
prōdūcitor (future imperative passive second-person singular)
prōdūcitor (future imperative passive singular third-person)
prōdūcuntor (future imperative passive plural third-person)
prōdūcere (active infinitive present)
prōdūcī (infinitive passive present)
prōdūcēns (active participle present)
prōductūrum esse (active future infinitive)
prōductum īrī (future infinitive passive)
prōductūrus (active future participle)
prōdūcendus (future participle passive)
prōdūcundus (future participle passive)
prōdūxisse (active infinitive perfect)
prōductum esse (infinitive passive perfect)
prōductus (participle passive perfect)
prōductum fore (future infinitive passive perfect)
prōductūrum fuisse (active infinitive perfect potential)
prōdūcendī (genitive gerund noun-from-verb)
prōdūcendō (dative gerund noun-from-verb)
prōdūcendum (accusative gerund noun-from-verb)
prōdūcendō (ablative gerund noun-from-verb)
prōductum (accusative noun-from-verb supine)
prōductū (ablative noun-from-verb supine)

→ Catalan: produir

→ Dutch: produceren

→ English: produce

→ French: produire

Friulian: produsi

→ Galician: producir

→ Italian: produrre

Lombard: prodù

→ Neapolitan: producere

Occitan: produire, produsir

Piedmontese: prodùe, produve

→ Portuguese: produzir

→ Romanian: produce

→ Sicilian: prudùciri

→ Spanish: producir

→ Venetan: prodùr, prodùxer

→ German: produzieren

(grammar, of pronunciation) to lengthen, prolong


membrum

la-noun

membrum n (genitive membrī); second declension

membrī (genitive)
membrum (nominative singular)
membra (nominative plural)
membrī (genitive singular)
membrōrum (genitive plural)
membrō (dative singular)
membrīs (dative plural)
membrum (accusative singular)
membra (accusative plural)
membrō (ablative singular)
membrīs (ablative plural)
membrum (singular vocative)
membra (plural vocative)

Asturian: miembru

Catalan: membre

→ Old French: membre

French: membre

→ Romanian: membru

→ Middle English: membre

English: member

→ Old Irish: membur

Middle Irish: memmur

Irish: meamar

Italian: membro

Occitan: membre

Piedmontese: menbro

Old Galician-Portuguese: nembro, membro

Galician: membro; nembro

Portuguese: membro

Romansch: member

Sardinian: membru

Spanish: miembro

→⇒ Welsh: mymryn

From Proto-Italic *memzrom, from Proto-Indo-European *mḗms, *mēms-rom (“flesh”).


ictus

la-noun

ictus m (genitive ictūs); fourth declension

ictūs (genitive)
ictus (nominative singular)
ictūs (nominative plural)
ictūs (genitive singular)
ictuum (genitive plural)
ictuī (dative singular)
ictibus (dative plural)
ictum (accusative singular)
ictūs (accusative plural)
ictū (ablative singular)
ictibus (ablative plural)
ictus (singular vocative)
ictūs (plural vocative)

Galician: eito, → ictus

Portuguese: eito, → icto

→ English: ictus, ictal

desctree

→? Old Irish: icht (“deed”)
Middle Irish: icht

From ī̆cō (“to strike”) + -tus (suffix forming action nouns from verbs).


gerundium

la-noun

gerundium n (genitive gerundiī or gerundī); second declension

gerundiī (genitive)
gerundī (genitive)
gerundium (nominative singular)
gerundia (nominative plural)
gerundiī (genitive singular)
gerundī (genitive singular)
gerundiōrum (genitive plural)
gerundiō (dative singular)
gerundiīs (dative plural)
gerundium (accusative singular)
gerundia (accusative plural)
gerundiō (ablative singular)
gerundiīs (ablative plural)
gerundium (singular vocative)
gerundia (plural vocative)

Catalan: gerundi

English: gerund

Galician: xerundio

German: Gerundium

Greek: γερούνδιον (geroúndion)

Italian: gerundio

Portuguese: gerúndio

Romanian: gerunziu

Spanish: gerundio

From gerendus (“which is to be carried out”), future passive participle (gerundive) of gerō (“carry, bear”).

(grammar) the gerund, in latin a verbal noun inflected in the accusative, genitive, dative and ablative cases used to convey different verbal meanings. Not to be confused with the gerundīvum (future passive participle).


punctum

pūnctum n (genitive pūnctī); second declension

pūnctum (canonical neuter)
pūnctī (genitive)
pūnctum (nominative singular)
pūncta (nominative plural)
pūnctī (genitive singular)
pūnctōrum (genitive plural)
pūnctō (dative singular)
pūnctīs (dative plural)
pūnctum (accusative singular)
pūncta (accusative plural)
pūnctō (ablative singular)
pūnctīs (ablative plural)
pūnctum (singular vocative)
pūncta (plural vocative)

Asturian: puntu

Catalan: punt

→ Danish: punktum

→ Dutch: punt

→ English: punctum

Friulian: pont

Galician: punto

→ German: Punkt, Punktum

→ Esperanto: punkto

→ Serbo-Croatian: punkt

→ Hungarian: pont

→ Romanian: pont

Irish: ponc

Italian: punto

→ English: punto

→ Ottoman Turkish: پونطو (punto)

Turkish: punto

→ Middle Low German: punct

→ Old Norse: punktr

Danish: punkt

Norwegian Bokmål: punkt

Swedish: punkt

→ Middle Welsh: pwnc

Welsh: pwnc

→ Norwegian Bokmål: punktum

Occitan: ponch

desctree

→ Old Czech: punkt (learned)
Czech: punkt

Old French: point

→ Middle English: point

→ Middle Welsh: pwynt

Welsh: pwynt

English: point, p'int
→ Cantonese: point
→ Indonesian: poin
→ Japanese: ポイント (pointo)
→ Korean: 포인트 (pointeu)
→ Malay: poin

Middle French: poinct

French: point

→ Danish: point

→ Dutch: punt

→ Norwegian Bokmål: poeng

→ Polish: pointa

→ Swedish: poäng

→ Turkish: puan

→ Middle Irish: pointe

Irish: pointe

Norman: point

Portuguese: ponto

→ Polish: punkt (learned)

→ Proto-Brythonic: *puɨθ

Middle Welsh: pwyth

Welsh: pwyth

→ Romanian: punct

→ Russian: пункт (punkt)

Sicilian: puntu

Spanish: punto, puento (dialectal)

→ Tagalog: punto

Venetan: ponto

Neuter form of pūnctus, the perfect passive participle of pungō (“to prick, puncture”).

I. Pūnctum est cujus pars nūlla est.
Addendum est, situm habēns. Aliōquī et temporis īnstāns, et Anima pūnctum foret. Sit locus #92;bar#123;X#125;; sī jam quicquid est in locō #92;bar#123;X#125;, sit X, dīcētur X esse pūnctum, quāle A.

1858 [1712], Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, edited by Carl Immanuel Gerhardt and Georg Heinrich Pertz, Gesammelte Werke: Leibnizens mathematische Schriften [Collected Works: Leibniz's Mathematical Writings], volume 5, "In Euclidis πρῶτα" [About the first things of Euclid], page 183:

1. A point is that of which there is no part.
Having a position must be added. Otherwise, both an instant of time and a Soul would be a point. Let there be a locus ̄X; if anything is already in the locus ̄X, let it be X. X will be said to be a point, such as A.


modus

la-noun

modus m (genitive modī); second declension

modī (genitive)
modus (nominative singular)
modī (nominative plural)
modī (genitive singular)
modōrum (genitive plural)
modō (dative singular)
modīs (dative plural)
modum (accusative singular)
modōs (accusative plural)
modō (ablative singular)
modīs (ablative plural)
mode (singular vocative)
modī (plural vocative)

→ Catalan: mode (learned)

→ English: mode

Old French: mode

Middle French: mode

French: mode (see there for further descendants)

Romanian: mod

Friulian: mût

Galician: modo

→ German: Modus

→ Hungarian: mód

Italian: modo

→ Old Irish: mod

Irish: modh

Scottish Gaelic: modh

Portuguese: modo

Sicilian: modu

Spanish: modo

→ Welsh: modd

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *med-
Proto-Indo-European *-os
Proto-Italic *medos
Latin modus
From Proto-Italic *modos, from Proto-Indo-European *mod-ós (“measure”), from *med- (“to measure”); compare especially Ancient Greek μήδεᾰ (mḗdeă, “counsels, plans”), Old Armenian միտ (mit, “thought”). But note as the oblique cases would be expected as *moder- (e.g. gen.: moderis), thus moderor, modestus etc. Contrast mōs for the senses of manner and way.


brevis

la-adj

brevis (neuter breve, comparative brevior, superlative brevissimus, adverb breviter); third-declension two-termination adjective

breve (neuter)
brevior (comparative)
brevissimus (superlative)
breviter (adverb)
brevis (feminine masculine nominative singular)
breve (neuter nominative singular)
brevēs (feminine masculine nominative plural)
brevia (neuter nominative plural)
brevis (feminine genitive masculine neuter singular)
brevium (feminine genitive masculine neuter plural)
brevī (dative feminine masculine neuter singular)
brevibus (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
brevem (accusative feminine masculine singular)
breve (accusative neuter singular)
brevēs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
brevīs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
brevia (accusative neuter plural)
brevī (ablative feminine masculine neuter singular)
brevibus (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
brevis (feminine masculine singular vocative)
breve (neuter singular vocative)
brevēs (feminine masculine plural vocative)
brevia (neuter plural vocative)

Gallo-Italic

Ligurian: brêve

Italo-Dalmatian

Italian: breve

→ Romanian: brevă

desctree

Old French: brief, bref
Middle French: brief
French: bref
→ Middle English: bref, breef, breve, brefe, breefe
English: brief, breve
Scots: brief, brieve, breef, briefe

Old Occitan: breu
Occitan: brèu

Rhaeto-Romance

Romansch: brev, breav (Sutsilvan)

West Iberian

Old Galician-Portuguese:

Galician: breve

Portuguese: breve

Old Spanish:

Spanish: breve

→ Dutch: breve

→ German: Breve

→ Proto-West Germanic: *brēf (see there for further descendants)

From Proto-Italic *breɣʷis, from Proto-Indo-European *mréǵʰus. Cognates include Ancient Greek βραχύς (brakhús), English merry, Sanskrit मुहु (muhu).


dativus ethicus

la-noun

datīvus ēthicus m (genitive datīvī ēthicī); second declension

datīvus ēthicus (canonical masculine)
datīvī ēthicī (genitive)
datīvus ēthicus (nominative singular)
datīvī ēthicī (nominative plural)
datīvī ēthicī (genitive singular)
datīvōrum ēthicōrum (genitive plural)
datīvō ēthicō (dative singular)
datīvīs ēthicīs (dative plural)
datīvum ēthicum (accusative singular)
datīvōs ēthicōs (accusative plural)
datīvō ēthicō (ablative singular)
datīvīs ēthicīs (ablative plural)
datīve ēthice (singular vocative)
datīvī ēthicī (plural vocative)


declino

la-verb

dēclīnō (present infinitive dēclīnāre, perfect active dēclīnāvī, supine dēclīnātum); first conjugation

dēclīnō (canonical)
dēclīnāre (infinitive present)
dēclīnāvī (active perfect)
dēclīnātum (supine)
dēclīnō (active first-person indicative present singular)
dēclīnās (active indicative present second-person singular)
dēclīnat (active indicative present singular third-person)
dēclīnāmus (active first-person indicative plural present)
dēclīnātis (active indicative plural present second-person)
dēclīnant (active indicative plural present third-person)
dēclīnābam (active first-person imperfect indicative singular)
dēclīnābās (active imperfect indicative second-person singular)
dēclīnābat (active imperfect indicative singular third-person)
dēclīnābāmus (active first-person imperfect indicative plural)
dēclīnābātis (active imperfect indicative plural second-person)
dēclīnābant (active imperfect indicative plural third-person)
dēclīnābō (active first-person future indicative singular)
dēclīnābis (active future indicative second-person singular)
dēclīnābit (active future indicative singular third-person)
dēclīnābimus (active first-person future indicative plural)
dēclīnābitis (active future indicative plural second-person)
dēclīnābunt (active future indicative plural third-person)
dēclīnāvī (active first-person indicative perfect singular)
dēclīnāvistī (active indicative perfect second-person singular)
dēclīnāvit (active indicative perfect singular third-person)
dēclīnāvimus (active first-person indicative perfect plural)
dēclīnāvistis (active indicative perfect plural second-person)
dēclīnāvērunt (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
dēclīnāvēre (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
dēclīnāveram (active first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
dēclīnāverās (active indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
dēclīnāverat (active indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
dēclīnāverāmus (active first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
dēclīnāverātis (active indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
dēclīnāverant (active indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
dēclīnāverō (active first-person future indicative perfect singular)
dēclīnāveris (active future indicative perfect second-person singular)
dēclīnāverit (active future indicative perfect singular third-person)
dēclīnāverimus (active first-person future indicative perfect plural)
dēclīnāveritis (active future indicative perfect plural second-person)
dēclīnāverint (active future indicative perfect plural third-person)
dēclīnor (first-person indicative passive present singular)
dēclīnāris (indicative passive present second-person singular)
dēclīnāre (indicative passive present second-person singular)
dēclīnātur (indicative passive present singular third-person)
dēclīnāmur (first-person indicative passive plural present)
dēclīnāminī (indicative passive plural present second-person)
dēclīnantur (indicative passive plural present third-person)
dēclīnābar (first-person imperfect indicative passive singular)
dēclīnābāris (imperfect indicative passive second-person singular)
dēclīnābāre (imperfect indicative passive second-person singular)
dēclīnābātur (imperfect indicative passive singular third-person)
dēclīnābāmur (first-person imperfect indicative passive plural)
dēclīnābāminī (imperfect indicative passive plural second-person)
dēclīnābantur (imperfect indicative passive plural third-person)
dēclīnābor (first-person future indicative passive singular)
dēclīnāberis (future indicative passive second-person singular)
dēclīnābere (future indicative passive second-person singular)
dēclīnābitur (future indicative passive singular third-person)
dēclīnābimur (first-person future indicative passive plural)
dēclīnābiminī (future indicative passive plural second-person)
dēclīnābuntur (future indicative passive plural third-person)
dēclīnem (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
dēclīnēs (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
dēclīnet (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
dēclīnēmus (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
dēclīnētis (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
dēclīnent (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
dēclīnārem (active first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
dēclīnārēs (active imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
dēclīnāret (active imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
dēclīnārēmus (active first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
dēclīnārētis (active imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
dēclīnārent (active imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
dēclīnāverim (active first-person perfect singular subjunctive)
dēclīnāverīs (active perfect second-person singular subjunctive)
dēclīnāverit (active perfect singular subjunctive third-person)
dēclīnāverīmus (active first-person perfect plural subjunctive)
dēclīnāverītis (active perfect plural second-person subjunctive)
dēclīnāverint (active perfect plural subjunctive third-person)
dēclīnāvissem (active first-person pluperfect singular subjunctive)
dēclīnāvissēs (active pluperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
dēclīnāvisset (active pluperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
dēclīnāvissēmus (active first-person pluperfect plural subjunctive)
dēclīnāvissētis (active pluperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
dēclīnāvissent (active pluperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
dēclīner (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
dēclīnēris (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
dēclīnēre (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
dēclīnētur (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
dēclīnēmur (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
dēclīnēminī (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
dēclīnentur (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
dēclīnārer (first-person imperfect passive singular subjunctive)
dēclīnārēris (imperfect passive second-person singular subjunctive)
dēclīnārēre (imperfect passive second-person singular subjunctive)
dēclīnārētur (imperfect passive singular subjunctive third-person)
dēclīnārēmur (first-person imperfect passive plural subjunctive)
dēclīnārēminī (imperfect passive plural second-person subjunctive)
dēclīnārentur (imperfect passive plural subjunctive third-person)
dēclīnā (active imperative present second-person singular)
dēclīnāte (active imperative plural present second-person)
dēclīnātō (active future imperative second-person singular)
dēclīnātō (active future imperative singular third-person)
dēclīnātōte (active future imperative plural second-person)
dēclīnantō (active future imperative plural third-person)
dēclīnāre (imperative passive present second-person singular)
dēclīnāminī (imperative passive plural present second-person)
dēclīnātor (future imperative passive second-person singular)
dēclīnātor (future imperative passive singular third-person)
dēclīnantor (future imperative passive plural third-person)
dēclīnāre (active infinitive present)
dēclīnārī (infinitive passive present)
dēclīnāns (active participle present)
dēclīnātūrum esse (active future infinitive)
dēclīnātum īrī (future infinitive passive)
dēclīnātūrus (active future participle)
dēclīnandus (future participle passive)
dēclīnāvisse (active infinitive perfect)
dēclīnātum esse (infinitive passive perfect)
dēclīnātus (participle passive perfect)
dēclīnātum fore (future infinitive passive perfect)
dēclīnātūrum fuisse (active infinitive perfect potential)
dēclīnandī (genitive gerund noun-from-verb)
dēclīnandō (dative gerund noun-from-verb)
dēclīnandum (accusative gerund noun-from-verb)
dēclīnandō (ablative gerund noun-from-verb)
dēclīnātum (accusative noun-from-verb supine)
dēclīnātū (ablative noun-from-verb supine)

Catalan: declinar

Danish: deklinere

English: decline

French: décliner

Italian: declinare

Norman: dêclyinner (Jersey)

Portuguese: declinar

Romanian: declina

Sicilian: dichinari, diclinari

Spanish: declinar

From de- (“down”) + clīnō (“I bend, I incline”).


resisto

la-verb

resistō (present infinitive resistere, perfect active restitī); third conjugation, no supine stem, impersonal in the passive

resistō (canonical)
resistere (infinitive present)
restitī (active perfect)
resistō (active first-person indicative present singular)
resistis (active indicative present second-person singular)
resistit (active indicative present singular third-person)
resistimus (active first-person indicative plural present)
resistitis (active indicative plural present second-person)
resistunt (active indicative plural present third-person)
resistēbam (active first-person imperfect indicative singular)
resistēbās (active imperfect indicative second-person singular)
resistēbat (active imperfect indicative singular third-person)
resistēbāmus (active first-person imperfect indicative plural)
resistēbātis (active imperfect indicative plural second-person)
resistēbant (active imperfect indicative plural third-person)
resistam (active first-person future indicative singular)
resistēs (active future indicative second-person singular)
resistet (active future indicative singular third-person)
resistēmus (active first-person future indicative plural)
resistētis (active future indicative plural second-person)
resistent (active future indicative plural third-person)
restitī (active first-person indicative perfect singular)
restitistī (active indicative perfect second-person singular)
restitit (active indicative perfect singular third-person)
restitimus (active first-person indicative perfect plural)
restitistis (active indicative perfect plural second-person)
restitērunt (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
restitēre (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
restiteram (active first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
restiterās (active indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
restiterat (active indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
restiterāmus (active first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
restiterātis (active indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
restiterant (active indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
restiterō (active first-person future indicative perfect singular)
restiteris (active future indicative perfect second-person singular)
restiterit (active future indicative perfect singular third-person)
restiterimus (active first-person future indicative perfect plural)
restiteritis (active future indicative perfect plural second-person)
restiterint (active future indicative perfect plural third-person)
resistitur (indicative passive present singular third-person)
resistēbātur (imperfect indicative passive singular third-person)
resistētur (future indicative passive singular third-person)
resistam (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
resistās (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
resistat (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
resistāmus (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
resistātis (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
resistant (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
resisterem (active first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
resisterēs (active imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
resisteret (active imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
resisterēmus (active first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
resisterētis (active imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
resisterent (active imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
restiterim (active first-person perfect singular subjunctive)
restiterīs (active perfect second-person singular subjunctive)
restiterit (active perfect singular subjunctive third-person)
restiterīmus (active first-person perfect plural subjunctive)
restiterītis (active perfect plural second-person subjunctive)
restiterint (active perfect plural subjunctive third-person)
restitissem (active first-person pluperfect singular subjunctive)
restitissēs (active pluperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
restitisset (active pluperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
restitissēmus (active first-person pluperfect plural subjunctive)
restitissētis (active pluperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
restitissent (active pluperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
resistātur (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
resisterētur (imperfect passive singular subjunctive third-person)
resiste (active imperative present second-person singular)
resistite (active imperative plural present second-person)
resistitō (active future imperative second-person singular)
resistitō (active future imperative singular third-person)
resistitōte (active future imperative plural second-person)
resistuntō (active future imperative plural third-person)
resistitor (future imperative passive singular third-person)
resistere (active infinitive present)
resistī (infinitive passive present)
resistēns (active participle present)
resistendum (future participle passive)
resistundum (future participle passive)
restitisse (active infinitive perfect)
resistendī (genitive gerund noun-from-verb)
resistendō (dative gerund noun-from-verb)
resistendum (accusative gerund noun-from-verb)
resistendō (ablative gerund noun-from-verb)

Catalan: resistir

English: resist

French: résister

Galician: resistir

Italian: resistere

Piedmontese: resiste

Portuguese: resistir

Sicilian: risìstiri

Spanish: resistir

From re- (“back, again”) + sistō (“I place, I stand”).

af

ut alii eruptionibus resisterent

c. 52 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de Bello Gallico VII.24

That the others should resist the sallies [of enemy]

“‘… Quōs omnēs undique Grāiae
circum errant aciēs; et nī mea cūra resistat,

29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 2.598–600

“‘And everywhere all around them the Greek battalions range; and without my care opposing [the onslaught], [by] now they would have suffered the flames, and hostile swords would have drained [their blood].’”
(Venus is protecting the family of Aeneas.)

iam flammae tulerint inimīcus et hauserit ēnsīs.”

(usually in military language) to withstand, oppose, resist; make opposition or resistance (+ dative)


pronomen

la-noun

prōnōmen n (genitive prōnōminis); third declension

prōnōmen (canonical neuter)
prōnōminis (genitive)
prōnōmen (nominative singular)
prōnōmina (nominative plural)
prōnōminis (genitive singular)
prōnōminum (genitive plural)
prōnōminī (dative singular)
prōnōminibus (dative plural)
prōnōmen (accusative singular)
prōnōmina (accusative plural)
prōnōmine (ablative singular)
prōnōminibus (ablative plural)
prōnōmen (singular vocative)
prōnōmina (plural vocative)

From prō (“instead of”) + nōmen (“name; in grammar: noun (sensu lato)”), a calque of Ancient Greek ἀντωνυμία (antōnumía).


genetivus

la-noun

genetīvus m (genitive genetīvī); second declension

genetīvus (canonical masculine)
genetīvī (genitive)
genetīvus (nominative singular)
genetīvī (nominative plural)
genetīvī (genitive singular)
genetīvōrum (genitive plural)
genetīvō (dative singular)
genetīvīs (dative plural)
genetīvum (accusative singular)
genetīvōs (accusative plural)
genetīvō (ablative singular)
genetīvīs (ablative plural)
genetīve (singular vocative)
genetīvī (plural vocative)
genitīvus (alternative)

→ Finnish: genetiivi

→ Dutch: genitivus, (calque) teler, baarder

From genitus, the perfect passive participial stem of gignō (“to be born”), + -īvus (verbal adjective–forming suffix), with the vowel i changed to e. In the grammatical sense, possibly a calque of Ancient Greek γενῐκή (genĭkḗ).


oratio obliqua

ōrātiō oblīqua f (genitive ōrātiōnis oblīquae); third declension

ōrātiō oblīqua (canonical feminine)
ōrātiōnis oblīquae (genitive)
orat. obliq. (alternative)

→ English: indirect speech (calque)

→ French: discours indirect (calque)

Coordinate term: oratio directa


oratio directa

ōrātiō recta f (genitive ōrātiōnis rectae); third declension

ōrātiō recta (canonical feminine)
ōrātiōnis rectae (genitive)

→ English: direct speech (calque)

→ French: discours direct (calque)

Coordinate term: oratio obliqua


inflecto

la-verb

īnflectō (present infinitive īnflectere, perfect active īnflexī, supine īnflexum); third conjugation

īnflectō (canonical)
īnflectere (infinitive present)
īnflexī (active perfect)
īnflexum (supine)
īnflectō (active first-person indicative present singular)
īnflectis (active indicative present second-person singular)
īnflectit (active indicative present singular third-person)
īnflectimus (active first-person indicative plural present)
īnflectitis (active indicative plural present second-person)
īnflectunt (active indicative plural present third-person)
īnflectēbam (active first-person imperfect indicative singular)
īnflectēbās (active imperfect indicative second-person singular)
īnflectēbat (active imperfect indicative singular third-person)
īnflectēbāmus (active first-person imperfect indicative plural)
īnflectēbātis (active imperfect indicative plural second-person)
īnflectēbant (active imperfect indicative plural third-person)
īnflectam (active first-person future indicative singular)
īnflectēs (active future indicative second-person singular)
īnflectet (active future indicative singular third-person)
īnflectēmus (active first-person future indicative plural)
īnflectētis (active future indicative plural second-person)
īnflectent (active future indicative plural third-person)
īnflexī (active first-person indicative perfect singular)
īnflexistī (active indicative perfect second-person singular)
īnflexit (active indicative perfect singular third-person)
īnfleximus (active first-person indicative perfect plural)
īnflexistis (active indicative perfect plural second-person)
īnflexērunt (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
īnflexēre (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
īnflexeram (active first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
īnflexerās (active indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
īnflexerat (active indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
īnflexerāmus (active first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
īnflexerātis (active indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
īnflexerant (active indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
īnflexerō (active first-person future indicative perfect singular)
īnflexeris (active future indicative perfect second-person singular)
īnflexerit (active future indicative perfect singular third-person)
īnflexerimus (active first-person future indicative perfect plural)
īnflexeritis (active future indicative perfect plural second-person)
īnflexerint (active future indicative perfect plural third-person)
īnflector (first-person indicative passive present singular)
īnflecteris (indicative passive present second-person singular)
īnflectere (indicative passive present second-person singular)
īnflectitur (indicative passive present singular third-person)
īnflectimur (first-person indicative passive plural present)
īnflectiminī (indicative passive plural present second-person)
īnflectuntur (indicative passive plural present third-person)
īnflectēbar (first-person imperfect indicative passive singular)
īnflectēbāris (imperfect indicative passive second-person singular)
īnflectēbāre (imperfect indicative passive second-person singular)
īnflectēbātur (imperfect indicative passive singular third-person)
īnflectēbāmur (first-person imperfect indicative passive plural)
īnflectēbāminī (imperfect indicative passive plural second-person)
īnflectēbantur (imperfect indicative passive plural third-person)
īnflectar (first-person future indicative passive singular)
īnflectēris (future indicative passive second-person singular)
īnflectēre (future indicative passive second-person singular)
īnflectētur (future indicative passive singular third-person)
īnflectēmur (first-person future indicative passive plural)
īnflectēminī (future indicative passive plural second-person)
īnflectentur (future indicative passive plural third-person)
īnflectam (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
īnflectās (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
īnflectat (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
īnflectāmus (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
īnflectātis (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
īnflectant (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
īnflecterem (active first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
īnflecterēs (active imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
īnflecteret (active imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
īnflecterēmus (active first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
īnflecterētis (active imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
īnflecterent (active imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
īnflexerim (active first-person perfect singular subjunctive)
īnflexerīs (active perfect second-person singular subjunctive)
īnflexerit (active perfect singular subjunctive third-person)
īnflexerīmus (active first-person perfect plural subjunctive)
īnflexerītis (active perfect plural second-person subjunctive)
īnflexerint (active perfect plural subjunctive third-person)
īnflexissem (active first-person pluperfect singular subjunctive)
īnflexissēs (active pluperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
īnflexisset (active pluperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
īnflexissēmus (active first-person pluperfect plural subjunctive)
īnflexissētis (active pluperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
īnflexissent (active pluperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
īnflectar (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
īnflectāris (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
īnflectāre (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
īnflectātur (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
īnflectāmur (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
īnflectāminī (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
īnflectantur (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
īnflecterer (first-person imperfect passive singular subjunctive)
īnflecterēris (imperfect passive second-person singular subjunctive)
īnflecterēre (imperfect passive second-person singular subjunctive)
īnflecterētur (imperfect passive singular subjunctive third-person)
īnflecterēmur (first-person imperfect passive plural subjunctive)
īnflecterēminī (imperfect passive plural second-person subjunctive)
īnflecterentur (imperfect passive plural subjunctive third-person)
īnflecte (active imperative present second-person singular)
īnflectite (active imperative plural present second-person)
īnflectitō (active future imperative second-person singular)
īnflectitō (active future imperative singular third-person)
īnflectitōte (active future imperative plural second-person)
īnflectuntō (active future imperative plural third-person)
īnflectere (imperative passive present second-person singular)
īnflectiminī (imperative passive plural present second-person)
īnflectitor (future imperative passive second-person singular)
īnflectitor (future imperative passive singular third-person)
īnflectuntor (future imperative passive plural third-person)
īnflectere (active infinitive present)
īnflectī (infinitive passive present)
īnflectēns (active participle present)
īnflexūrum esse (active future infinitive)
īnflexum īrī (future infinitive passive)
īnflexūrus (active future participle)
īnflectendus (future participle passive)
īnflectundus (future participle passive)
īnflexisse (active infinitive perfect)
īnflexum esse (infinitive passive perfect)
īnflexus (participle passive perfect)
īnflexum fore (future infinitive passive perfect)
īnflexūrum fuisse (active infinitive perfect potential)
īnflectendī (genitive gerund noun-from-verb)
īnflectendō (dative gerund noun-from-verb)
īnflectendum (accusative gerund noun-from-verb)
īnflectendō (ablative gerund noun-from-verb)
īnflexum (accusative noun-from-verb supine)
īnflexū (ablative noun-from-verb supine)

→ English: inflect

→ Italian: inflettere

(grammar) to mark or pronounce with a circumflex accent


flexus

la-noun

flexus m (genitive flexūs); fourth declension

flexūs (genitive)
flexus (nominative singular)
flexūs (nominative plural)
flexūs (genitive singular)
flexuum (genitive plural)
flexuī (dative singular)
flexibus (dative plural)
flexum (accusative singular)
flexūs (accusative plural)
flexū (ablative singular)
flexibus (ablative plural)
flexus (singular vocative)
flexūs (plural vocative)

→ English: flex, flexus

→ Italian: flesso

→ Spanish: flexo, flexor


flexus

la-part

flexus (feminine flexa, neuter flexum); first/second-declension participle

flexa (feminine)
flexum (neuter)
flexus (masculine nominative singular)
flexa (feminine nominative singular)
flexum (neuter nominative singular)
flexī (masculine nominative plural)
flexae (feminine nominative plural)
flexa (neuter nominative plural)
flexī (genitive masculine singular)
flexae (feminine genitive singular)
flexī (genitive neuter singular)
flexōrum (genitive masculine plural)
flexārum (feminine genitive plural)
flexōrum (genitive neuter plural)
flexō (dative masculine singular)
flexae (dative feminine singular)
flexō (dative neuter singular)
flexīs (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
flexum (accusative masculine singular)
flexam (accusative feminine singular)
flexum (accusative neuter singular)
flexōs (accusative masculine plural)
flexās (accusative feminine plural)
flexa (accusative neuter plural)
flexō (ablative masculine singular)
flexā (ablative feminine singular)
flexō (ablative neuter singular)
flexīs (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
flexe (masculine singular vocative)
flexa (feminine singular vocative)
flexum (neuter singular vocative)
flexī (masculine plural vocative)
flexae (feminine plural vocative)
flexa (neuter plural vocative)

(grammar) declined, conjugated, having been inflected.


coniugo

la-verb

coniugō (present infinitive coniugāre, perfect active coniugāvī, supine coniugātum); first conjugation

coniugō (canonical)
coniugāre (infinitive present)
coniugāvī (active perfect)
coniugātum (supine)
coniugō (active first-person indicative present singular)
coniugās (active indicative present second-person singular)
coniugat (active indicative present singular third-person)
coniugāmus (active first-person indicative plural present)
coniugātis (active indicative plural present second-person)
coniugant (active indicative plural present third-person)
coniugābam (active first-person imperfect indicative singular)
coniugābās (active imperfect indicative second-person singular)
coniugābat (active imperfect indicative singular third-person)
coniugābāmus (active first-person imperfect indicative plural)
coniugābātis (active imperfect indicative plural second-person)
coniugābant (active imperfect indicative plural third-person)
coniugābō (active first-person future indicative singular)
coniugābis (active future indicative second-person singular)
coniugābit (active future indicative singular third-person)
coniugābimus (active first-person future indicative plural)
coniugābitis (active future indicative plural second-person)
coniugābunt (active future indicative plural third-person)
coniugāvī (active first-person indicative perfect singular)
coniugāvistī (active indicative perfect second-person singular)
coniugāvit (active indicative perfect singular third-person)
coniugāvimus (active first-person indicative perfect plural)
coniugāvistis (active indicative perfect plural second-person)
coniugāvērunt (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
coniugāvēre (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
coniugāveram (active first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
coniugāverās (active indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
coniugāverat (active indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
coniugāverāmus (active first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
coniugāverātis (active indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
coniugāverant (active indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
coniugāverō (active first-person future indicative perfect singular)
coniugāveris (active future indicative perfect second-person singular)
coniugāverit (active future indicative perfect singular third-person)
coniugāverimus (active first-person future indicative perfect plural)
coniugāveritis (active future indicative perfect plural second-person)
coniugāverint (active future indicative perfect plural third-person)
coniugor (first-person indicative passive present singular)
coniugāris (indicative passive present second-person singular)
coniugāre (indicative passive present second-person singular)
coniugātur (indicative passive present singular third-person)
coniugāmur (first-person indicative passive plural present)
coniugāminī (indicative passive plural present second-person)
coniugantur (indicative passive plural present third-person)
coniugābar (first-person imperfect indicative passive singular)
coniugābāris (imperfect indicative passive second-person singular)
coniugābāre (imperfect indicative passive second-person singular)
coniugābātur (imperfect indicative passive singular third-person)
coniugābāmur (first-person imperfect indicative passive plural)
coniugābāminī (imperfect indicative passive plural second-person)
coniugābantur (imperfect indicative passive plural third-person)
coniugābor (first-person future indicative passive singular)
coniugāberis (future indicative passive second-person singular)
coniugābere (future indicative passive second-person singular)
coniugābitur (future indicative passive singular third-person)
coniugābimur (first-person future indicative passive plural)
coniugābiminī (future indicative passive plural second-person)
coniugābuntur (future indicative passive plural third-person)
coniugem (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
coniugēs (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
coniuget (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
coniugēmus (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
coniugētis (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
coniugent (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
coniugārem (active first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
coniugārēs (active imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
coniugāret (active imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
coniugārēmus (active first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
coniugārētis (active imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
coniugārent (active imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
coniugāverim (active first-person perfect singular subjunctive)
coniugāverīs (active perfect second-person singular subjunctive)
coniugāverit (active perfect singular subjunctive third-person)
coniugāverīmus (active first-person perfect plural subjunctive)
coniugāverītis (active perfect plural second-person subjunctive)
coniugāverint (active perfect plural subjunctive third-person)
coniugāvissem (active first-person pluperfect singular subjunctive)
coniugāvissēs (active pluperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
coniugāvisset (active pluperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
coniugāvissēmus (active first-person pluperfect plural subjunctive)
coniugāvissētis (active pluperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
coniugāvissent (active pluperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
coniuger (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
coniugēris (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
coniugēre (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
coniugētur (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
coniugēmur (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
coniugēminī (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
coniugentur (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
coniugārer (first-person imperfect passive singular subjunctive)
coniugārēris (imperfect passive second-person singular subjunctive)
coniugārēre (imperfect passive second-person singular subjunctive)
coniugārētur (imperfect passive singular subjunctive third-person)
coniugārēmur (first-person imperfect passive plural subjunctive)
coniugārēminī (imperfect passive plural second-person subjunctive)
coniugārentur (imperfect passive plural subjunctive third-person)
coniugā (active imperative present second-person singular)
coniugāte (active imperative plural present second-person)
coniugātō (active future imperative second-person singular)
coniugātō (active future imperative singular third-person)
coniugātōte (active future imperative plural second-person)
coniugantō (active future imperative plural third-person)
coniugāre (imperative passive present second-person singular)
coniugāminī (imperative passive plural present second-person)
coniugātor (future imperative passive second-person singular)
coniugātor (future imperative passive singular third-person)
coniugantor (future imperative passive plural third-person)
coniugāre (active infinitive present)
coniugārī (infinitive passive present)
coniugāns (active participle present)
coniugātūrum esse (active future infinitive)
coniugātum īrī (future infinitive passive)
coniugātūrus (active future participle)
coniugandus (future participle passive)
coniugāvisse (active infinitive perfect)
coniugātum esse (infinitive passive perfect)
coniugātus (participle passive perfect)
coniugātum fore (future infinitive passive perfect)
coniugātūrum fuisse (active infinitive perfect potential)
coniugandī (genitive gerund noun-from-verb)
coniugandō (dative gerund noun-from-verb)
coniugandum (accusative gerund noun-from-verb)
coniugandō (ablative gerund noun-from-verb)
coniugātum (accusative noun-from-verb supine)
coniugātū (ablative noun-from-verb supine)
conjugō (alternative)

desc

Sardinian: cogiare, cogiuare, cojai, cojare, cojuare, cosuare, couare, cozare, cojubare, cojuvare (“wed”)

→ Asturian: conxugar

→ Catalan: conjugar

→ Danish: konjugere

→ English: conjugate

→ French: conjuguer

→ Galician: conxugar

→ German: konjugieren

→ German Low German: konjugeren

→ Italian: coniugare

→ Norwegian Bokmål: konjugere

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: konjugera, konjugere

→ Occitan: conjugar

→ Portuguese: conjugar

→ Romanian: conjuga

→ Spanish: conjugar

→ Swedish: konjugera


adiectivum

la-noun

adiectīvum n (genitive adiectīvī); second declension

adiectīvum (canonical neuter)
adiectīvī (genitive)
adiectīvum (nominative singular)
adiectīva (nominative plural)
adiectīvī (genitive singular)
adiectīvōrum (genitive plural)
adiectīvō (dative singular)
adiectīvīs (dative plural)
adiectīvum (accusative singular)
adiectīva (accusative plural)
adiectīvō (ablative singular)
adiectīvīs (ablative plural)
adiectīvum (singular vocative)
adiectīva (plural vocative)

Ellipsis of nōmen adiectīvum (“additional noun”), as a calque of Ancient Greek ὄνομα ἐπίθετον (ónoma epítheton, “additional noun”).

noncog

ὄνομα ἐπίθετον


iungo

la-verb

iungō (present infinitive iungere, perfect active iūnxī, supine iūnctum); third conjugation

iungō (canonical)
iungere (infinitive present)
iūnxī (active perfect)
iūnctum (supine)
iungō (active first-person indicative present singular)
iungis (active indicative present second-person singular)
iungit (active indicative present singular third-person)
iungimus (active first-person indicative plural present)
iungitis (active indicative plural present second-person)
iungunt (active indicative plural present third-person)
iungēbam (active first-person imperfect indicative singular)
iungēbās (active imperfect indicative second-person singular)
iungēbat (active imperfect indicative singular third-person)
iungēbāmus (active first-person imperfect indicative plural)
iungēbātis (active imperfect indicative plural second-person)
iungēbant (active imperfect indicative plural third-person)
iungam (active first-person future indicative singular)
iungēs (active future indicative second-person singular)
iunget (active future indicative singular third-person)
iungēmus (active first-person future indicative plural)
iungētis (active future indicative plural second-person)
iungent (active future indicative plural third-person)
iūnxī (active first-person indicative perfect singular)
iūnxistī (active indicative perfect second-person singular)
iūnxit (active indicative perfect singular third-person)
iūnximus (active first-person indicative perfect plural)
iūnxistis (active indicative perfect plural second-person)
iūnxērunt (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
iūnxēre (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
iūnxeram (active first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
iūnxerās (active indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
iūnxerat (active indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
iūnxerāmus (active first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
iūnxerātis (active indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
iūnxerant (active indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
iūnxerō (active first-person future indicative perfect singular)
iūnxeris (active future indicative perfect second-person singular)
iūnxerit (active future indicative perfect singular third-person)
iūnxerimus (active first-person future indicative perfect plural)
iūnxeritis (active future indicative perfect plural second-person)
iūnxerint (active future indicative perfect plural third-person)
iungor (first-person indicative passive present singular)
iungeris (indicative passive present second-person singular)
iungere (indicative passive present second-person singular)
iungitur (indicative passive present singular third-person)
iungimur (first-person indicative passive plural present)
iungiminī (indicative passive plural present second-person)
iunguntur (indicative passive plural present third-person)
iungēbar (first-person imperfect indicative passive singular)
iungēbāris (imperfect indicative passive second-person singular)
iungēbāre (imperfect indicative passive second-person singular)
iungēbātur (imperfect indicative passive singular third-person)
iungēbāmur (first-person imperfect indicative passive plural)
iungēbāminī (imperfect indicative passive plural second-person)
iungēbantur (imperfect indicative passive plural third-person)
iungar (first-person future indicative passive singular)
iungēris (future indicative passive second-person singular)
iungēre (future indicative passive second-person singular)
iungētur (future indicative passive singular third-person)
iungēmur (first-person future indicative passive plural)
iungēminī (future indicative passive plural second-person)
iungentur (future indicative passive plural third-person)
iungam (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
iungās (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
iungat (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
iungāmus (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
iungātis (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
iungant (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
iungerem (active first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
iungerēs (active imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
iungeret (active imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
iungerēmus (active first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
iungerētis (active imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
iungerent (active imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
iūnxerim (active first-person perfect singular subjunctive)
iūnxerīs (active perfect second-person singular subjunctive)
iūnxerit (active perfect singular subjunctive third-person)
iūnxerīmus (active first-person perfect plural subjunctive)
iūnxerītis (active perfect plural second-person subjunctive)
iūnxerint (active perfect plural subjunctive third-person)
iūnxissem (active first-person pluperfect singular subjunctive)
iūnxissēs (active pluperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
iūnxisset (active pluperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
iūnxissēmus (active first-person pluperfect plural subjunctive)
iūnxissētis (active pluperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
iūnxissent (active pluperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
iungar (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
iungāris (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
iungāre (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
iungātur (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
iungāmur (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
iungāminī (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
iungantur (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
iungerer (first-person imperfect passive singular subjunctive)
iungerēris (imperfect passive second-person singular subjunctive)
iungerēre (imperfect passive second-person singular subjunctive)
iungerētur (imperfect passive singular subjunctive third-person)
iungerēmur (first-person imperfect passive plural subjunctive)
iungerēminī (imperfect passive plural second-person subjunctive)
iungerentur (imperfect passive plural subjunctive third-person)
iunge (active imperative present second-person singular)
iungite (active imperative plural present second-person)
iungitō (active future imperative second-person singular)
iungitō (active future imperative singular third-person)
iungitōte (active future imperative plural second-person)
iunguntō (active future imperative plural third-person)
iungere (imperative passive present second-person singular)
iungiminī (imperative passive plural present second-person)
iungitor (future imperative passive second-person singular)
iungitor (future imperative passive singular third-person)
iunguntor (future imperative passive plural third-person)
iungere (active infinitive present)
iungī (infinitive passive present)
iungēns (active participle present)
iūnctūrum esse (active future infinitive)
iūnctum īrī (future infinitive passive)
iūnctūrus (active future participle)
iungendus (future participle passive)
iungundus (future participle passive)
iūnxisse (active infinitive perfect)
iūnctum esse (infinitive passive perfect)
iūnctus (participle passive perfect)
iūnctum fore (future infinitive passive perfect)
iūnctūrum fuisse (active infinitive perfect potential)
iungendī (genitive gerund noun-from-verb)
iungendō (dative gerund noun-from-verb)
iungendum (accusative gerund noun-from-verb)
iungendō (ablative gerund noun-from-verb)
iūnctum (accusative noun-from-verb supine)
iūnctū (ablative noun-from-verb supine)

desc

Asturian: xuncir, xoncer, xunir, uñir, xuntar

Catalan: junyir, júnyer

Old French: joindre, juindre, joint

French: joindre, joint, jointer

→ English: join, joint

Friulian: zontâ

Galician: xoncer, xunguir, xuntar

Italian: giungere, giuntare

Ladin: jonjer

Occitan: jónher

Portuguese: junguir, jungir, juntar

Spanish: juntar, uncir

Sicilian: jùnciri

Venetan: xónxer, xontar

From Proto-Italic *jungō, from Proto-Indo-European *yunégti ~ *yungénti, from the root *yewg-.

inh

In et sub quandō accūsātīvō cāsuī iunguntur? Quandō vel nōs vel quōslibet in locum īre, īsse, itūrōs esse significāmus.

In and sub, when do they take the accusative case? When we mean to say that we or others have gone, go or will go into a place.

(grammar, passive voice, with dative) to take, govern (a case)


adverbium

la-noun

adverbium n (genitive adverbiī or adverbī); second declension

adverbiī (genitive)
adverbī (genitive)
adverbium (nominative singular)
adverbia (nominative plural)
adverbiī (genitive singular)
adverbī (genitive singular)
adverbiōrum (genitive plural)
adverbiō (dative singular)
adverbiīs (dative plural)
adverbium (accusative singular)
adverbia (accusative plural)
adverbiō (ablative singular)
adverbiīs (ablative plural)
adverbium (singular vocative)
adverbia (plural vocative)
aduerbium (alternative)

→ Catalan: adverbi

→ English: adverb

→ French: adverbe

→ German: Adverb

→ Italian: avverbio

→ Portuguese: advérbio

→ Romanian: adverb

→ Spanish: adverbio

→ Welsh: adferf

Derived from ad- (“towards”) + verb(um) (“word”) + -ium (nominal suffix); probably a calque of Ancient Greek ἐπίρρημα (epírrhēma).


sententia

la-noun

sententia f (genitive sententiae); first declension

sententiae (genitive)
sententia (nominative singular)
sententiae (nominative plural)
sententiae (genitive singular)
sententiārum (genitive plural)
sententiae (dative singular)
sententiīs (dative plural)
sententiam (accusative singular)
sententiās (accusative plural)
sententiā (ablative singular)
sententiīs (ablative plural)
sententia (singular vocative)
sententiae (plural vocative)

→ English: sentence, → English: sentential, → English: sententious

→ French: sentence

→ Hungarian: szentencia

→ Italian: sentenza

→ Portuguese: sentença

→ Romanian: sentință

→ Russian: сенте́нция (sentɛ́ncija)

→ Spanish: sentencia

Either from earlier *sentientia, from Proto-Italic *sentjentjā, equivalent to sentiens (“feeling, perceiving”) + -ia; or from Proto-Italic *sententjā, a remnant of a PIE root aorist.

sententiae antiquae

a thought expressed in words; a sense, meaning, signification

(grammar) a self-contained group of words, a finished clause, sentence, period


numerus

numerus m (genitive numerī); second declension

numerī (genitive)
numerus (nominative singular)
numerī (nominative plural)
numerī (genitive singular)
numerōrum (genitive plural)
numerō (dative singular)
numerīs (dative plural)
numerum (accusative singular)
numerōs (accusative plural)
numerō (ablative singular)
numerīs (ablative plural)
numere (singular vocative)
numerī (plural vocative)

Eastern Romance

Romanian: număr

Gallo-Italic

Piedmontese: nùmer

Italo-Dalmatian

Italian: novero

desctree

Old French: nonbre, nombre, noumbre, numbre, nunbre
French: nombre
Asturian: númberu
Sicilian: nùmmiru, nùmmaru, nùmmuru
→ Maltese: numru
→ Middle Dutch: nommer
Dutch: nummer
Afrikaans: nommer
Berbice Creole Dutch: nombru
Petjo: nummer
→ Caribbean Javanese: nomer
→ Indonesian: nomer
→ Sranan Tongo: nomru
→ Trió: numuru
→ West Frisian: nûmer
Limburgish: nómmer
→ Middle English: nombre
English: number (see there for further descendants)
Middle Scots: nowmer, numer
Scots: nummer

Old Occitan: nombre

Catalan: nombre

Occitan: nombre

Rhaeto-Romance

Friulian: numar

Ladin: numer

Romansch: numer, nomer

Sardinian: númeru, númunu

Venetan: nùmaro

West Iberian

Old Navarro-Aragonese:

Aragonese: nombre

Old Galician-Portuguese:

Portuguese: nombro

Borrowings

→ Albanian: numër

→ Asturian: númberu

→ Proto-Brythonic: *niβ̃er (see there for further descendants)

→ Catalan: número

→ Czech: numero

→ English: numero

→ Finnish: numero, numerus

→ Galician: número

→ German: Numerus

→ Italian: numero, nummero (misspelling or pronunciation spelling)
→ French: numéro
Haitian Creole: nimewo
→ German: Numero, Nummer (see there for further descendants)
→ Luxembourgish: Nummero, Nummer
→ Ottoman Turkish: نومرو (nümero), نومره (nümera)
Turkish: numara
→ Yiddish: נומער (numer)

→ Middle Irish: nuimir, uimir

Irish: uimhir

→ Mirandese: númaro

→ Portuguese: número

→ Spanish: número
→ Hiligaynon: numero
→ Karao: nomiro
→ San Juan Atzingo Popoloca: númērō
→ Tagalog: numero

→ Azerbaijani: nömrə

→ Belarusian: нумар (numar)

→ Bulgarian: номер (nomer)

→ Bengali: নম্বর (nombor)

→ Central Dusun: numbul

→ Egyptian Arabic: نمره (nímra)

→ Greek: νούμερο (noúmero)

→ Gujarati: નંબર (nambar)

→ Central Dusun: numbul

→ Georgian: ნომერი (nomeri)

→ Kazakh: нөмір (nömır)

→ Kyrgyz: номер (nomer)

→ Latvian: numurs

→ Persian: نمره (nomre)

→ Russian: но́мер (nómer) (see there for further descendants)

→ Turkmen: nomer

→ Uyghur: نومۇر (nomur)

By rhotacism from Proto-Italic *nomezos, from Proto-Indo-European *nem- (“to assign, allot; take”). Cognate with Ancient Greek νέμω (némō, “to distribute”), Gothic 𐌽𐌹𐌼𐌰𐌽 (niman, “to take”), Latvian ņemt (“to take”) and Old Irish nem (“gift”).
The grammatical sense is a semantic loan from Ancient Greek ἀριθμός (arithmós).