tres

trēs (canonical)
tria (neuter)
trēs (feminine masculine nominative plural)
tria (neuter nominative plural)
trium (genitive plural)
tribus (dative plural)
trēs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
trīs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
tria (accusative neuter plural)
tribus (ablative plural)
trēs (feminine masculine plural vocative)
tria (neuter plural vocative)

Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: trei

Istro-Romanian: trei

Megleno-Romanian: trei

Romanian: trei

Dalmatian:

tra

Italo-Romance:

Corsican: trè

Italian: tre

Neapolitan: tre, tréje

Sicilian: tri

North Italian:

Friulian: trê

Ladin: trei

Ligurian: træ

Romagnol: tri, trẹ (San Marino)

Romansch: trais

Venetian: tre

Gallo-Romance:

Franco-Provençal: três

desctree

Old French: trois, treis (12th c., or Anglo-Norman); troys
Middle French: troys
French: trois
Haitian Creole: twa
Louisiana Creole: trò, trwa
Norman: trais
Walloon: troes

Occitano-Gallo-Romance:

Catalan: tres

Occitan: tres

Ibero-Romance:

Old Leonese:

Asturian: tres

Leonese: trés

Mirandese: trés

Old Galician-Portuguese: tres
Fala: tres
Galician: tres
Portuguese: três

Old Spanish: tres

Ladino: trez

Spanish: tres

Insular Romance:

Sardinian: tres

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *tréyes
Proto-Italic *trēs
Latin tres
From Proto-Italic *trēs, from Proto-Indo-European *tréyes. Cognates include Sanskrit त्रि (trí), Ancient Greek τρεῖς (treîs) and Old English þrēo (English three).

etymon

tria Cerberus extulit ora et tres latratus semel edidit

Cerberus put forth three mouths and issued three barks at once

nati sunt autem Absalom filii tres et filia una nomine Thamar eleganti forma

405 CE, Jerome, Vulgate Samuelis II.14.27

And unto Absalom there were born three sons, and one daughter, whose name was Tamar: she was a woman of a fair countenance


accusabilis

la-adj

accūsābilis (neuter accūsābile); third-declension two-termination adjective

accūsābilis (canonical)
accūsābile (neuter)
accūsābilis (feminine masculine nominative singular)
accūsābile (neuter nominative singular)
accūsābilēs (feminine masculine nominative plural)
accūsābilia (neuter nominative plural)
accūsābilis (feminine genitive masculine neuter singular)
accūsābilium (feminine genitive masculine neuter plural)
accūsābilī (dative feminine masculine neuter singular)
accūsābilibus (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
accūsābilem (accusative feminine masculine singular)
accūsābile (accusative neuter singular)
accūsābilēs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
accūsābilīs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
accūsābilia (accusative neuter plural)
accūsābilī (ablative feminine masculine neuter singular)
accūsābilibus (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
accūsābilis (feminine masculine singular vocative)
accūsābile (neuter singular vocative)
accūsābilēs (feminine masculine plural vocative)
accūsābilia (neuter plural vocative)

English: accusable

French: accusable

Italian: accusabile

Portuguese: acusável

Romanian: acuzabil

[äkːuːˈs̠äːbɪlʲɪs̠]

From accūsāre, accūsō (“blame, accuse”) + -bilis, from ad (“to, towards, at”) + causa (“cause, reason, account, lawsuit”).


animalis

la-adj

animālis (neuter animāle); third-declension two-termination adjective

animālis (canonical)
animāle (neuter)
animālis (feminine masculine nominative singular)
animāle (neuter nominative singular)
animālēs (feminine masculine nominative plural)
animālia (neuter nominative plural)
animālis (feminine genitive masculine neuter singular)
animālium (feminine genitive masculine neuter plural)
animālī (dative feminine masculine neuter singular)
animālibus (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
animālem (accusative feminine masculine singular)
animāle (accusative neuter singular)
animālēs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
animālīs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
animālia (accusative neuter plural)
animālī (ablative feminine masculine neuter singular)
animālibus (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
animālis (feminine masculine singular vocative)
animāle (neuter singular vocative)
animālēs (feminine masculine plural vocative)
animālia (neuter plural vocative)

[änɪˈmäːlʲɪs̠]


polaris

polāris (neuter polāre); third-declension two-termination adjective

polāris (canonical)
polāre (neuter)
polāris (feminine masculine nominative singular)
polāre (neuter nominative singular)
polārēs (feminine masculine nominative plural)
polāria (neuter nominative plural)
polāris (feminine genitive masculine neuter singular)
polārium (feminine genitive masculine neuter plural)
polārī (dative feminine masculine neuter singular)
polāribus (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
polārem (accusative feminine masculine singular)
polāre (accusative neuter singular)
polārēs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
polārīs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
polāria (accusative neuter plural)
polārī (ablative feminine masculine neuter singular)
polāribus (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
polāris (feminine masculine singular vocative)
polāre (neuter singular vocative)
polārēs (feminine masculine plural vocative)
polāria (neuter plural vocative)

Catalan: polar

English: polar

Galician: polar

Italian: polare

Portuguese: polar

Spanish: polar

[pɔˈɫ̪äːrɪs̠]

(Late Latin) Of or pertaining to the poles (northern and southern).


abominabilis

abōminābilis (neuter abōminābile); third-declension two-termination adjective

abōminābilis (canonical)
abōminābile (neuter)
abōminābilis (feminine masculine nominative singular)
abōminābile (neuter nominative singular)
abōminābilēs (feminine masculine nominative plural)
abōminābilia (neuter nominative plural)
abōminābilis (feminine genitive masculine neuter singular)
abōminābilium (feminine genitive masculine neuter plural)
abōminābilī (dative feminine masculine neuter singular)
abōminābilibus (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
abōminābilem (accusative feminine masculine singular)
abōminābile (accusative neuter singular)
abōminābilēs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
abōminābilīs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
abōminābilia (accusative neuter plural)
abōminābilī (ablative feminine masculine neuter singular)
abōminābilibus (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
abōminābilis (feminine masculine singular vocative)
abōminābile (neuter singular vocative)
abōminābilēs (feminine masculine plural vocative)
abōminābilia (neuter plural vocative)

Catalan: abominable

Old French: abominable

French: abominable

Middle English: abhomynable

English: abominable

Norwegian Bokmål: abominabel

Galician: abominable

Italian: abominabile

Portuguese: abominável

Romanian: abominabil

Spanish: abominable

[äboːmɪˈnäːbɪlʲɪs̠]


australis

austrālis (neuter austrāle, superlative austrālissimus); third-declension two-termination adjective

austrālis (canonical)
austrāle (neuter)
austrālissimus (superlative)
austrālis (feminine masculine nominative singular)
austrāle (neuter nominative singular)
austrālēs (feminine masculine nominative plural)
austrālia (neuter nominative plural)
austrālis (feminine genitive masculine neuter singular)
austrālium (feminine genitive masculine neuter plural)
austrālī (dative feminine masculine neuter singular)
austrālibus (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
austrālem (accusative feminine masculine singular)
austrāle (accusative neuter singular)
austrālēs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
austrālīs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
austrālia (accusative neuter plural)
austrālī (ablative feminine masculine neuter singular)
austrālibus (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
austrālis (feminine masculine singular vocative)
austrāle (neuter singular vocative)
austrālēs (feminine masculine plural vocative)
austrālia (neuter plural vocative)

→ Catalan: austral

→ English: austral

→ French: austral

→ German: austral, australisch

→ Italian: australe

→ Portuguese: austral

→ Romanian: austral

→ Spanish: austral

[äu̯s̠ˈt̪räːlʲɪs̠]

specific epithet
specific epithet#English

(New Latin) (as a specific epithet) Australian


filialis

fīliālis (neuter fīliāle); third-declension two-termination adjective

fīliālis (canonical)
fīliāle (neuter)
fīliālis (feminine masculine nominative singular)
fīliāle (neuter nominative singular)
fīliālēs (feminine masculine nominative plural)
fīliālia (neuter nominative plural)
fīliālis (feminine genitive masculine neuter singular)
fīliālium (feminine genitive masculine neuter plural)
fīliālī (dative feminine masculine neuter singular)
fīliālibus (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
fīliālem (accusative feminine masculine singular)
fīliāle (accusative neuter singular)
fīliālēs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
fīliālīs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
fīliālia (accusative neuter plural)
fīliālī (ablative feminine masculine neuter singular)
fīliālibus (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
fīliālis (feminine masculine singular vocative)
fīliāle (neuter singular vocative)
fīliālēs (feminine masculine plural vocative)
fīliālia (neuter plural vocative)

English: filial

Italian: filiale

Spanish: filial

[fiːlʲiˈäːlʲɪs̠]

From fīlius (“son”) + -ālis, fīlia (“daughter”) + -ālis.

Filial; of or pertaining to a son or daughter.


fortis

fortis (neuter forte, comparative fortior, superlative fortissimus, adverb fortiter); third-declension two-termination adjective

forte (neuter)
fortior (comparative)
fortissimus (superlative)
fortiter (adverb)
fortis (feminine masculine nominative singular)
forte (neuter nominative singular)
fortēs (feminine masculine nominative plural)
fortia (neuter nominative plural)
fortis (feminine genitive masculine neuter singular)
fortium (feminine genitive masculine neuter plural)
fortī (dative feminine masculine neuter singular)
fortibus (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
fortem (accusative feminine masculine singular)
forte (accusative neuter singular)
fortēs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
fortīs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
fortia (accusative neuter plural)
fortī (ablative feminine masculine neuter singular)
fortibus (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
fortis (feminine masculine singular vocative)
forte (neuter singular vocative)
fortēs (feminine masculine plural vocative)
fortia (neuter plural vocative)

Aragonese: fuerte

Asturian: fuerte

Basque: bortizki

Catalan: fort

Dalmatian: fuart

Franco-Provençal: fôrt

French: fort

→ English: fort

Friulian: fuart

Italian: forte

→ English: forte

Occitan: fòrt

desctree

Old Galician-Portuguese: forte
Fala: forti
Galician: forte
Portuguese: forte

Romanian: foarte

Sardinian: folte, forte, forti

Sicilian: forti

Spanish: fuerte

Borrowings:

→ Albanian: fortë

→ Basque: bortitz

→ English: fortis

→ Norwegian Bokmål: fortiori

From Old Latin forctis, from Proto-Italic *forktis, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerǵʰ- (“to rise, high, hill”) (> Proto-Indo-European *bʰérǵʰ-ti-s) or Proto-Indo-European *dʰerǵʰ- (“to bind fast, to be firm, strong”); in the latter case, an earlier Proto-Italic form of the word *θorktis can be reconstructed.

der

(figuratively) firm, resolute, steadfast, stout

omne solum fortī patria est, ut piscibus aequor,

Every land is home to the brave, as to fishes the sea,
as to birds for every void whatsoever in the open world.

ut volucrī, vacuō quicquid in orbe patet.

ἀνδρεῖος ἀνδρεῖος#English

(figuratively) manly, mannish (answering to the Greek ἀνδρεῖος)


ineffabilis

la-adj

ineffābilis (neuter ineffābile); third-declension two-termination adjective

ineffābilis (canonical)
ineffābile (neuter)
ineffābilis (feminine masculine nominative singular)
ineffābile (neuter nominative singular)
ineffābilēs (feminine masculine nominative plural)
ineffābilia (neuter nominative plural)
ineffābilis (feminine genitive masculine neuter singular)
ineffābilium (feminine genitive masculine neuter plural)
ineffābilī (dative feminine masculine neuter singular)
ineffābilibus (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
ineffābilem (accusative feminine masculine singular)
ineffābile (accusative neuter singular)
ineffābilēs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
ineffābilīs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
ineffābilia (accusative neuter plural)
ineffābilī (ablative feminine masculine neuter singular)
ineffābilibus (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
ineffābilis (feminine masculine singular vocative)
ineffābile (neuter singular vocative)
ineffābilēs (feminine masculine plural vocative)
ineffābilia (neuter plural vocative)

→ English: ineffable

→ French: ineffable

→ Italian: ineffabile

→ Portuguese: inefável

→ Spanish: inefable

→ Romanian: inefabil

[ɪnɛfˈfäːbɪlʲɪs̠]


-alis

-ālis (canonical)
-āle (neuter)
-ālis (feminine masculine nominative singular)
-āle (neuter nominative singular)
-ālēs (feminine masculine nominative plural)
-ālia (neuter nominative plural)
-ālis (feminine genitive masculine neuter singular)
-ālium (feminine genitive masculine neuter plural)
-ālī (dative feminine masculine neuter singular)
-ālibus (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
-ālem (accusative feminine masculine singular)
-āle (accusative neuter singular)
-ālēs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
-ālīs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
-ālia (accusative neuter plural)
-ālī (ablative feminine masculine neuter singular)
-ālibus (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
-ālis (feminine masculine singular vocative)
-āle (neuter singular vocative)
-ālēs (feminine masculine plural vocative)
-ālia (neuter plural vocative)

Aromanian: -alji, -alj

Catalan: -al, -alla

English: -al

French: -aille

desctree

French: -el
→ Danish: -el
→ Dutch: -eel
Afrikaans: -eel
→ Indonesian: -il
→ German: -ell
→ Norwegian Bokmål: -ell
→ Norwegian Nynorsk: -ell
→ Swedish: -ell
→ Turkish: -sel
→ Yiddish: ־על (-el)

→ French: -al

Norwegian Bokmål: -al

→ Turkish: -al

Friulian: -âl, -ae

Galician: -al

German: -al

Interlingua: -al

Italian: -aglia

Italian: -ale
→ Maltese: -ali

Occitan: -al, -alha

Portuguese: -al, -alha

Romanian: -aie, -ai

Sicilian: -ali

Spanish: -al

Venetian: -al, -aja, -agia

Welsh: -ol

From Proto-Indo-European *-li-, which later dissimilated into an early version of -āris (e.g., mīlitāris). Perhaps connected to *h₂el- (“to grow”) (cf. the sense of indolēs, from this root).

etymon

-ālis

anima (“breath”) + -ālis → animālis (“animate, living”)

crūra (“legs”) + -ālis → crūrālis (“pertaining to the leg, crural”)

pedēs (“feet”) + -ālis → pedālis (“pertaining to the foot”)

duo (“two”) + -ālis → duālis (“dual”)

rēx (“king, ruler”) + -ālis → rēgālis (“regal, royal”)

nātūra (“nature”) + -ālis → nātūrālis (“natural”)

Suffixed to nouns or numerals creating adjectives of relationship.

aequus (“equal in a given quality; even, level”) + -ālis → aequālis (“equal in every respect, identical in value; uniform, unvarying”)

aeternus (“having finite but long duration as if pertaining to an aetas; lasting”) + -ālis → aeternālis (“having infinite duration; everlasting, infinite”)

līber (“free, independent, unrestricted; open, unbiased”) + -ālis → līberālis (“advocating and promoting personal freedom; bountiful, generous”)

socius (“associating, sharing, partaking”) + -ālis → sociālis (“companionable; allied, confederate”)

Suffixed to adjectives creating adjectives with an intensified meaning.


machinalis

la-adj

māchinālis (neuter māchināle); third-declension two-termination adjective

māchinālis (canonical)
māchināle (neuter)
māchinālis (feminine masculine nominative singular)
māchināle (neuter nominative singular)
māchinālēs (feminine masculine nominative plural)
māchinālia (neuter nominative plural)
māchinālis (feminine genitive masculine neuter singular)
māchinālium (feminine genitive masculine neuter plural)
māchinālī (dative feminine masculine neuter singular)
māchinālibus (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
māchinālem (accusative feminine masculine singular)
māchināle (accusative neuter singular)
māchinālēs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
māchinālīs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
māchinālia (accusative neuter plural)
māchinālī (ablative feminine masculine neuter singular)
māchinālibus (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
māchinālis (feminine masculine singular vocative)
māchināle (neuter singular vocative)
māchinālēs (feminine masculine plural vocative)
māchinālia (neuter plural vocative)

Inherited:

Mozarabic:

→ Andalusian Arabic: mağinar

→ Spanish: mechinal (“putlog hole”)

Learned borrowings:

→ Catalan: maquinal

→ French: machinal

→ Catalan: mașinal

→ Galician: maquinal

→ Italian: macchinale

→ Portuguese: maquinal

→ Spanish: maquinal

[mäːkʰɪˈnäːlʲɪs̠]

From māchina (“scaffolding, engine”) + -ālis.


portabilis

portābilis (neuter portābile); third-declension two-termination adjective

portābilis (canonical)
portābile (neuter)
portābilis (feminine masculine nominative singular)
portābile (neuter nominative singular)
portābilēs (feminine masculine nominative plural)
portābilia (neuter nominative plural)
portābilis (feminine genitive masculine neuter singular)
portābilium (feminine genitive masculine neuter plural)
portābilī (dative feminine masculine neuter singular)
portābilibus (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
portābilem (accusative feminine masculine singular)
portābile (accusative neuter singular)
portābilēs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
portābilīs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
portābilia (accusative neuter plural)
portābilī (ablative feminine masculine neuter singular)
portābilibus (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
portābilis (feminine masculine singular vocative)
portābile (neuter singular vocative)
portābilēs (feminine masculine plural vocative)
portābilia (neuter plural vocative)

Catalan: portable

English: portable

French: portable

Italian: portabile

Occitan: portable

Portuguese: portável

Romanian: purtabil

Sicilian: purtàbbili

Spanish: portable

[pɔrˈt̪äːbɪlʲɪs̠]

From portō (“to carry, convey”) + -bilis.


versipellis

versipellis (neuter versipelle); third-declension two-termination adjective

versipelle (neuter)
versipellis (feminine masculine nominative singular)
versipelle (neuter nominative singular)
versipellēs (feminine masculine nominative plural)
versipellia (neuter nominative plural)
versipellis (feminine genitive masculine neuter singular)
versipellium (feminine genitive masculine neuter plural)
versipellī (dative feminine masculine neuter singular)
versipellibus (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
versipellem (accusative feminine masculine singular)
versipelle (accusative neuter singular)
versipellēs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
versipellīs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
versipellia (accusative neuter plural)
versipellī (ablative feminine masculine neuter singular)
versipellibus (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
versipellis (feminine masculine singular vocative)
versipelle (neuter singular vocative)
versipellēs (feminine masculine plural vocative)
versipellia (neuter plural vocative)

→ Italian: versipelle (learned)

[u̯ɛrs̠ɪˈpɛlːʲɪs̠]

From vertō (“turn”) + pellis (“skin, hide”).

shape-shifting, capable of transforming itself or altering its appearance


-aris

-āris (canonical)
-āre (neuter)
-āris (feminine masculine nominative singular)
-āre (neuter nominative singular)
-ārēs (feminine masculine nominative plural)
-āria (neuter nominative plural)
-āris (feminine genitive masculine neuter singular)
-ārium (feminine genitive masculine neuter plural)
-ārī (dative feminine masculine neuter singular)
-āribus (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
-ārem (accusative feminine masculine singular)
-āre (accusative neuter singular)
-ārēs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
-ārīs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
-āria (accusative neuter plural)
-ārī (ablative feminine masculine neuter singular)
-āribus (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
-āris (feminine masculine singular vocative)
-āre (neuter singular vocative)
-ārēs (feminine masculine plural vocative)
-āria (neuter plural vocative)

Catalan: -ar

English: -ar, -ary

French: -aire

Galician: -ar

Italian: -are

Occitan: -ar

Portuguese: -ar

Spanish: -ar

Etymology tree
Latin -ālis
Latin -āris
Form of -ālis with dissimilation of -l- to -r- after roots containing an l.

etymon

-āris

Used to form an adjective, usually from a noun, indicating a relationship or a pertaining to.


Dialis

la-adj

Diālis (neuter Diāle); third-declension two-termination adjective

Diālis (canonical)
Diāle (neuter)
Diālis (feminine masculine nominative singular)
Diāle (neuter nominative singular)
Diālēs (feminine masculine nominative plural)
Diālia (neuter nominative plural)
Diālis (feminine genitive masculine neuter singular)
Diālium (feminine genitive masculine neuter plural)
Diālī (dative feminine masculine neuter singular)
Diālibus (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
Diālem (accusative feminine masculine singular)
Diāle (accusative neuter singular)
Diālēs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
Diālīs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
Diālia (accusative neuter plural)
Diālī (ablative feminine masculine neuter singular)
Diālibus (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
Diālis (feminine masculine singular vocative)
Diāle (neuter singular vocative)
Diālēs (feminine masculine plural vocative)
Diālia (neuter plural vocative)

[d̪iˈäːlʲɪs̠]


debilis

dēbilis (neuter dēbile, comparative dēbilior, superlative dēbilissimus); third-declension two-termination adjective

dēbilis (canonical)
dēbile (neuter)
dēbilior (comparative)
dēbilissimus (superlative)
dēbilis (feminine masculine nominative singular)
dēbile (neuter nominative singular)
dēbilēs (feminine masculine nominative plural)
dēbilia (neuter nominative plural)
dēbilis (feminine genitive masculine neuter singular)
dēbilium (feminine genitive masculine neuter plural)
dēbilī (dative feminine masculine neuter singular)
dēbilibus (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
dēbilem (accusative feminine masculine singular)
dēbile (accusative neuter singular)
dēbilēs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
dēbilīs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
dēbilia (accusative neuter plural)
dēbilī (ablative feminine masculine neuter singular)
dēbilibus (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
dēbilis (feminine masculine singular vocative)
dēbile (neuter singular vocative)
dēbilēs (feminine masculine plural vocative)
dēbilia (neuter plural vocative)

Italo-Dalmatian

Corsican: debuli

Dalmatian: débol

Istriot: dibalo, dibulo

Italian: debole

desc

Sicilian: dèbbuli, dèbuli, dèbbili, dèbili

Eastern Romance

Romanian: debil

Old French: débile

Middle French: débile

desctree

French: débile
→ Russian: деби́л (debíl)
→ Armenian: դեբիլ (debil)
→ Estonian: debiil
→ Georgian: დებილი (debili)
→ Turkish: debil

→ English: debile

Old Occitan:

Catalan: dèbil

Occitan: debil

Rhaeto-Romance

Friulian: debul

Romansch: debel

Sardinian: débbile, débbili, díbbile

Venetian: debol, debole, debolo, debełe

→ Cimbrian: débel

West Iberian

Asturian: débil

Old Galician-Portuguese:

Galician: débil

Portuguese: débil

→ Albanian: debil

→ Czech: debil

→ Danish: debil

→ Georgian: დებილი (debili)

→ German: debil

→ Italian: debile

→ Macedonian: дебил (debil)

→ Polish: debil

→ Spanish: débil
Chavacano: debil

→ Swedish: debil

[ˈd̪eːbɪlʲɪs̠]

* From dē- + habilis. See the same contraction in dēbeō.
* Others suggest from dē- + Proto-Indo-European *bel- (“power, strength”). Compare Sanskrit बल (bala), Russian большой (bolʹšoj), Ancient Greek βελτίων (beltíōn, “better < stronger”).

cog

Ita est utraque rēs sine alterā dēbilis.

c. 45 BCE, Cicero, Tusculan Disputations 2.13

lame, disabled, crippled, infirm, debilitated


patruelis

la-adj

patruēlis (neuter patruēle); third-declension two-termination adjective

patruēlis (canonical)
patruēle (neuter)
patruēlis (feminine masculine nominative singular)
patruēle (neuter nominative singular)
patruēlēs (feminine masculine nominative plural)
patruēlia (neuter nominative plural)
patruēlis (feminine genitive masculine neuter singular)
patruēlium (feminine genitive masculine neuter plural)
patruēlī (dative feminine masculine neuter singular)
patruēlibus (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
patruēlem (accusative feminine masculine singular)
patruēle (accusative neuter singular)
patruēlēs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
patruēlīs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
patruēlia (accusative neuter plural)
patruēlī (ablative feminine masculine neuter singular)
patruēlibus (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
patruēlis (feminine masculine singular vocative)
patruēle (neuter singular vocative)
patruēlēs (feminine masculine plural vocative)
patruēlia (neuter plural vocative)

From patruus (“father's brother”) + -ēlis.

of, belonging to or descending from one's father's brother

quonam modo ille furenti fratri suo [some manuscripts: patrueli] consularis restitisset, qui consul eum incipientem furere atque tonantem sua se manu interfecturum audiente senatu dixerit?

How would that consular [i.e. Q. Metellus Celer] have resisted the madness of his cousin [brother from his father’s sister; i.e. P. Clodius Pulcher]—he, who when he was consul and [his cousin] was beginning his ravings and thundering forth, said before the listening Senate that he would slay him with his own hand?

(rare) of, belonging to or descending from one's father's sister


-abilis

-ābilis (canonical)
-ābile (neuter)
-ābilis (feminine masculine nominative singular)
-ābile (neuter nominative singular)
-ābilēs (feminine masculine nominative plural)
-ābilia (neuter nominative plural)
-ābilis (feminine genitive masculine neuter singular)
-ābilium (feminine genitive masculine neuter plural)
-ābilī (dative feminine masculine neuter singular)
-ābilibus (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
-ābilem (accusative feminine masculine singular)
-ābile (accusative neuter singular)
-ābilēs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
-ābilīs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
-ābilia (accusative neuter plural)
-ābilī (ablative feminine masculine neuter singular)
-ābilibus (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
-ābilis (feminine masculine singular vocative)
-ābile (neuter singular vocative)
-ābilēs (feminine masculine plural vocative)
-ābilia (neuter plural vocative)

Catalan: -able

English: -able

French: -able

Galician: -ábel, -able

Interlingua: -abile

Italian: -abile, -evole

Norwegian Bokmål: -abel

Portuguese: -ável

Romanian: -bil

desc

комфортабельный

Russian: читабельный (čitabelʹnyj), комфортабельный (komfortabelʹnyj)

Sicilian: -àbbili

Spanish: -able

By rebracketing of words such as amābilis (which comes from amāre, amō), where -ā- is part of the stem of a first conjugation verb. The word habilis (“proper, apt”) is sometimes incorrectly stated as being the origin of the suffix, but instead came from earlier *habibilis, from habeō + -ibilis, and was reduced by haplology.

exitium + -abilis → exitiābilis

ratiō + -abilis → ratiōnābilis

amīcus + -abilis → amīcābilis

capiō + -abilis → capābilis

perniciēs + -abilis → perniciābilis


mediocris

la-adj

mediocris (neuter mediocre, comparative mediocrior, superlative medioximus, adverb mediocriter); third-declension two-termination adjective

mediocre (neuter)
mediocrior (comparative)
medioximus (superlative)
mediocriter (adverb)
mediocris (feminine masculine nominative singular)
mediocre (neuter nominative singular)
mediocrēs (feminine masculine nominative plural)
mediocria (neuter nominative plural)
mediocris (feminine genitive masculine neuter singular)
mediocrium (feminine genitive masculine neuter plural)
mediocrī (dative feminine masculine neuter singular)
mediocribus (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
mediocrem (accusative feminine masculine singular)
mediocre (accusative neuter singular)
mediocrēs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
mediocrīs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
mediocria (accusative neuter plural)
mediocrī (ablative feminine masculine neuter singular)
mediocribus (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
mediocris (feminine masculine singular vocative)
mediocre (neuter singular vocative)
mediocrēs (feminine masculine plural vocative)
mediocria (neuter plural vocative)

→ Catalan: mediocre

→ French: médiocre

→ English: mediocre

→ Italian: mediocre

→ Portuguese: medíocre

→ Romanian: mediocru

→ Spanish: mediocre

From medius and maybe ocris (“rugged mountain”), as if "halfway up".


omnis

omnis (neuter omne); third-declension two-termination adjective

omne (neuter)
omnis (feminine masculine nominative singular)
omne (neuter nominative singular)
omnēs (feminine masculine nominative plural)
omnia (neuter nominative plural)
omnis (feminine genitive masculine neuter singular)
omnium (feminine genitive masculine neuter plural)
omnī (dative feminine masculine neuter singular)
omnibus (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
omnem (accusative feminine masculine singular)
omne (accusative neuter singular)
omnēs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
omnīs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
omnia (accusative neuter plural)
omnī (ablative feminine masculine neuter singular)
omnibus (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
omnis (feminine masculine singular vocative)
omne (neuter singular vocative)
omnēs (feminine masculine plural vocative)
omnia (neuter plural vocative)

Interlingua: omne

Italian: ogne, ogni

Neapolitan: ogne

Ligurian: ògni

Sicilian: ogni, ognin (as in the phrase ognin cosa, dialects vary)

Old French: oni, onni, omni

French: à l’onni (chiefly dialectal)

→ English: omnibus

From Proto-Italic *opnis, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ep-ni-s (“working”), from the verbal root *h₃ep- (“to work”, and hence “to possess”). Related to ops and opus. It could also reflect the base Proto-Indo-European *h₁op- (“to work, to take”) (compare optō), to which De Vaan gives a slight preference for semantic reasons.

der

Superanda omnis fortūna ferendō est.

Every misfortune is to be overcome by enduring.

Gallia est omnis dīvīsa in partes trēs

c. 52 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de Bello Gallico 1.1

(in the singular) whole, the entirety, all

Omnia vincit amor.

Attributed to Ennius by Augustinus in De Trinitate; Book XIII, Chapter III
Omnēs mortālēs sēsē laudārier optant.


habilis

la-adj

habilis (neuter habile, comparative habilior); third-declension two-termination adjective

habile (neuter)
habilior (comparative)
habilis (feminine masculine nominative singular)
habile (neuter nominative singular)
habilēs (feminine masculine nominative plural)
habilia (neuter nominative plural)
habilis (feminine genitive masculine neuter singular)
habilium (feminine genitive masculine neuter plural)
habilī (dative feminine masculine neuter singular)
habilibus (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
habilem (accusative feminine masculine singular)
habile (accusative neuter singular)
habilēs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
habilīs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
habilia (accusative neuter plural)
habilī (ablative feminine masculine neuter singular)
habilibus (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
habilis (feminine masculine singular vocative)
habile (neuter singular vocative)
habilēs (feminine masculine plural vocative)
habilia (neuter plural vocative)

Catalan: hàbil

Italian: abile

desctree

Old French: able
French: habile
→ Romanian: abil
→ Middle Dutch: abel
Dutch: abel
→ Middle English: able, habil
English: able, habile
→ Welsh: abl

Portuguese: hábil

Spanish: hábil

Translingual: Homo habilis

[ˈhäbɪlʲɪs̠]

From habeō (“have, possess”) + -bilis, with haplology simplifying -bibi- to -bi-.

having sufficient ability or power to do or to conduct; skillful


regalis

la-adj

rēgālis (neuter rēgāle, adverb rēgāliter); third-declension two-termination adjective

rēgālis (canonical)
rēgāle (neuter)
rēgāliter (adverb)
rēgālis (feminine masculine nominative singular)
rēgāle (neuter nominative singular)
rēgālēs (feminine masculine nominative plural)
rēgālia (neuter nominative plural)
rēgālis (feminine genitive masculine neuter singular)
rēgālium (feminine genitive masculine neuter plural)
rēgālī (dative feminine masculine neuter singular)
rēgālibus (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
rēgālem (accusative feminine masculine singular)
rēgāle (accusative neuter singular)
rēgālēs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
rēgālīs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
rēgālia (accusative neuter plural)
rēgālī (ablative feminine masculine neuter singular)
rēgālibus (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
rēgālis (feminine masculine singular vocative)
rēgāle (neuter singular vocative)
rēgālēs (feminine masculine plural vocative)
rēgālia (neuter plural vocative)

Inherited:

Catalan: reial

Occitan: reial, reiau

Old French: roial (see there for further descendants)

Old Galician-Portuguese:

Galician: real

Portuguese: real

Spanish: real (see there for further descendants)

Borrowed:

→ English: regalia

desctree

→ Old French: regal
Middle French: regal
→ Middle English: regal
English: regal

→ Italian: regale

→ Friulian: regâl

→ Romanian: regal

[reːˈɡäːlʲɪs̠]

Derived from the oblique stem reg- of rēx (“king”) + -ālis (“-al”, adjective-forming derivational suffix).


digitalis

la-adj

digitālis (neuter digitāle); third-declension two-termination adjective

digitālis (canonical)
digitāle (neuter)
digitālis (feminine masculine nominative singular)
digitāle (neuter nominative singular)
digitālēs (feminine masculine nominative plural)
digitālia (neuter nominative plural)
digitālis (feminine genitive masculine neuter singular)
digitālium (feminine genitive masculine neuter plural)
digitālī (dative feminine masculine neuter singular)
digitālibus (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
digitālem (accusative feminine masculine singular)
digitāle (accusative neuter singular)
digitālēs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
digitālīs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
digitālia (accusative neuter plural)
digitālī (ablative feminine masculine neuter singular)
digitālibus (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
digitālis (feminine masculine singular vocative)
digitāle (neuter singular vocative)
digitālēs (feminine masculine plural vocative)
digitālia (neuter plural vocative)

Balkan Romance:

desc

Aromanian: dzidzitar, dzãdzãtar, dzedzãtar, dzedzutar

Romanian: degetar

Dalmatian:

ziziul

Italo-Romance:

Italian: ditale

Sicilian: jitali, jiditali, jiritali

North Italian:

Friulian: dedâl

Piedmontese: dil, di, dial (“finger”)

Gallo-Romance:

Old French: deel

French: dé

Occitano-Romance:

Catalan: didal

Occitan: dedal

Ibero-Romance:

Aragonese: didal

Cheso: dital

Galician: dedal

Portuguese: dedal

Spanish: dedal

Insular Romance:

Sardinian: deidale, didale

Borrowings:

→ Catalan: digital

→ English: digital, digitalis

→ Friulian: digitâl

→ French: digital, digitale

→ Galician: dixital

→ German: digital

→ Italian: digitale

→ Portuguese: digital

→ Romanian: digital

→ Spanish: digital

[d̪ɪɡɪˈt̪äːlʲɪs̠]


-is

-e (neuter)
-is (feminine masculine nominative singular)
-e (neuter nominative singular)
-ēs (feminine masculine nominative plural)
-ia (neuter nominative plural)
-is (feminine genitive masculine neuter singular)
-ium (feminine genitive masculine neuter plural)
-ī (dative feminine masculine neuter singular)
-ibus (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
-em (accusative feminine masculine singular)
-e (accusative neuter singular)
-ēs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
-īs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
-ia (accusative neuter plural)
-ī (ablative feminine masculine neuter singular)
-ibus (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
-is (feminine masculine singular vocative)
-e (neuter singular vocative)
-ēs (feminine masculine plural vocative)
-ia (neuter plural vocative)

desctree

→ Swedish: -is (learned)
→ Finnish: -is
→ Norwegian Bokmål: -is
→ Norwegian Nynorsk: -is

tri- + annus + -is → triennis

bi- + penna + -is → bipennis

ē- + norma + -is → ēnormis

in- + somnus + -is → insomnis

pro- + clīvus + -is → proclīvis

brevi- + tarsus + -is → brevitarsis

suffixed to the root of nouns in composition, forms adjectives of the third declension


pluralis

la-adj

plūrālis (neuter plūrāle); third-declension two-termination adjective

plūrālis (canonical)
plūrāle (neuter)
plūrālis (feminine masculine nominative singular)
plūrāle (neuter nominative singular)
plūrālēs (feminine masculine nominative plural)
plūrālia (neuter nominative plural)
plūrālis (feminine genitive masculine neuter singular)
plūrālium (feminine genitive masculine neuter plural)
plūrālī (dative feminine masculine neuter singular)
plūrālibus (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
plūrālem (accusative feminine masculine singular)
plūrāle (accusative neuter singular)
plūrālēs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
plūrālīs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
plūrālia (accusative neuter plural)
plūrālī (ablative feminine masculine neuter singular)
plūrālibus (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
plūrālis (feminine masculine singular vocative)
plūrāle (neuter singular vocative)
plūrālēs (feminine masculine plural vocative)
plūrālia (neuter plural vocative)

→ Old French: plurel

→ Middle English: plurelle

English: plural

Scots: plural

→ German: Pluralis, Plural

[pɫ̪uːˈräːlʲɪs̠]

pluralis majestatis = pluralis majestaticus


Dunelmensis

Dunelmēnsis (neuter Dunelmēnse); third-declension two-termination adjective

Dunelmēnsis (canonical)
Dunelmēnse (neuter)
Dunelmēnsis (feminine masculine nominative singular)
Dunelmēnse (neuter nominative singular)
Dunelmēnsēs (feminine masculine nominative plural)
Dunelmēnsia (neuter nominative plural)
Dunelmēnsis (feminine genitive masculine neuter singular)
Dunelmēnsium (feminine genitive masculine neuter plural)
Dunelmēnsī (dative feminine masculine neuter singular)
Dunelmēnsibus (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
Dunelmēnsem (accusative feminine masculine singular)
Dunelmēnse (accusative neuter singular)
Dunelmēnsēs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
Dunelmēnsīs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
Dunelmēnsia (accusative neuter plural)
Dunelmēnsī (ablative feminine masculine neuter singular)
Dunelmēnsibus (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
Dunelmēnsis (feminine masculine singular vocative)
Dunelmēnse (neuter singular vocative)
Dunelmēnsēs (feminine masculine plural vocative)
Dunelmēnsia (neuter plural vocative)

[d̪ʊnɛɫ̪ˈmẽːs̠ɪs̠]

From Dunelmum (alternative form: Dunhelmum) + -ensis.

1108: "Historia ecclesiae Dunelmensis" (a history of the see of Durham)

the title of a work written by Symeon of Durham


tangibilis

tangibilis (neuter tangibile); third-declension two-termination adjective

tangibile (neuter)
tangibilis (feminine masculine nominative singular)
tangibile (neuter nominative singular)
tangibilēs (feminine masculine nominative plural)
tangibilia (neuter nominative plural)
tangibilis (feminine genitive masculine neuter singular)
tangibilium (feminine genitive masculine neuter plural)
tangibilī (dative feminine masculine neuter singular)
tangibilibus (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
tangibilem (accusative feminine masculine singular)
tangibile (accusative neuter singular)
tangibilēs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
tangibilīs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
tangibilia (accusative neuter plural)
tangibilī (ablative feminine masculine neuter singular)
tangibilibus (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
tangibilis (feminine masculine singular vocative)
tangibile (neuter singular vocative)
tangibilēs (feminine masculine plural vocative)
tangibilia (neuter plural vocative)

Catalan: tangible

→ English: tangible

French: tangible

Italian: tangibile

Portuguese: tangível

Romanian: tangibil

Spanish: tangible

[t̪äŋˈɡɪbɪlʲɪs̠]

Quae tangibilia sunt manu.

touchable, tangible; able to be touched or sensed


fidelis

fidēlis (neuter fidēle, comparative fidēlior, superlative fidēlissimus, adverb fidēliter); third-declension two-termination adjective

fidēlis (canonical)
fidēle (neuter)
fidēlior (comparative)
fidēlissimus (superlative)
fidēliter (adverb)
fidēlis (feminine masculine nominative singular)
fidēle (neuter nominative singular)
fidēlēs (feminine masculine nominative plural)
fidēlia (neuter nominative plural)
fidēlis (feminine genitive masculine neuter singular)
fidēlium (feminine genitive masculine neuter plural)
fidēlī (dative feminine masculine neuter singular)
fidēlibus (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
fidēlem (accusative feminine masculine singular)
fidēle (accusative neuter singular)
fidēlēs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
fidēlīs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
fidēlia (accusative neuter plural)
fidēlī (ablative feminine masculine neuter singular)
fidēlibus (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
fidēlis (feminine masculine singular vocative)
fidēle (neuter singular vocative)
fidēlēs (feminine masculine plural vocative)
fidēlia (neuter plural vocative)

Italo-Romance;

Italian: fedele

→ Ladin: fedel

→ Sicilian: fideli

North Italian:

Friulian: fidêl

Gallo-Romance:

desctree

early <i class="Latn mention" lang="fro">fedeil</i>

Old French: feel, feal, feau, feeil, fial, fiel; fedeil, fetheil (early) (early fedeil)
Middle French: feal, fieu, foial
French: féal
→ Early Scots: feal, feale, feall
Middle Scots: feall, fiall
Scots: feal, feele (obsolete)
→ English: feal

Occitano-Romance:

Old Catalan: feel

Old Occitan: fezel

Occitan: fidèl, fisèl

West Iberian:

Navarro-Aragonese: *feel, *fedel

Aragonese: fel, fiel, hiel, yel

Old Spanish: fiel, hiel, פִֿײֵאל

Spanish: fiel

Old Leonese: *fiel

Asturian: fiel

Old Galician-Portuguese: fiel

Galician: fiel

Portuguese: fiel

Insular Romance:

Sardinian: fidele, fideli, fieli

Borrowings:

→ Catalan: fidel

→ French: fidèle

→ Romanian: fidel

→ Romansch: fidel

[fɪˈd̪eːlʲɪs̠]

semper fidelis


docilis

la-adj

docilis (neuter docile); third-declension two-termination adjective

docile (neuter)
docilis (feminine masculine nominative singular)
docile (neuter nominative singular)
docilēs (feminine masculine nominative plural)
docilia (neuter nominative plural)
docilis (feminine genitive masculine neuter singular)
docilium (feminine genitive masculine neuter plural)
docilī (dative feminine masculine neuter singular)
docilibus (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
docilem (accusative feminine masculine singular)
docile (accusative neuter singular)
docilēs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
docilīs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
docilia (accusative neuter plural)
docilī (ablative feminine masculine neuter singular)
docilibus (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
docilis (feminine masculine singular vocative)
docile (neuter singular vocative)
docilēs (feminine masculine plural vocative)
docilia (neuter plural vocative)

Catalan: dòcil

English: docile

French: docile

Galician: dócil

Italian: docile

Occitan: docil

Portuguese: dócil

Romanian: docil

Sicilian: dòcili

Spanish: dócil

[ˈd̪ɔkɪlʲɪs̠]


suavis

suāvis (neuter suāve, comparative suāvior, superlative suāvissimus, adverb suāve or suāviter); third-declension two-termination adjective

suāvis (canonical)
suāve (neuter)
suāvior (comparative)
suāvissimus (superlative)
suāve (adverb)
suāviter (adverb)
suāvis (feminine masculine nominative singular)
suāve (neuter nominative singular)
suāvēs (feminine masculine nominative plural)
suāvia (neuter nominative plural)
suāvis (feminine genitive masculine neuter singular)
suāvium (feminine genitive masculine neuter plural)
suāvī (dative feminine masculine neuter singular)
suāvibus (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
suāvem (accusative feminine masculine singular)
suāve (accusative neuter singular)
suāvēs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
suāvīs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
suāvia (accusative neuter plural)
suāvī (ablative feminine masculine neuter singular)
suāvibus (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
suāvis (feminine masculine singular vocative)
suāve (neuter singular vocative)
suāvēs (feminine masculine plural vocative)
suāvia (neuter plural vocative)

Catalan: suau

Italian: soave, suave (archaic)

Old French: soef

Middle French: souef

Norman: souef

→ Middle English: suave

English: suave

→ Middle French: suave

French: suave

→ Portuguese: suave

→ Spanish: suave

[ˈs̠u̯äːu̯ɪs̠]

[s̠uˈäːu̯ɪs̠]

Inherited from Proto-Indo-European *swéh₂dus (“sweet”). The extension of the u-stem into an i-stem is regular (compare brevis, tenuis) and must have occurred before the loss of *-d- in medial *-dw-.


radicalis

la-adj

rādīcālis (neuter rādīcāle); third-declension two-termination adjective

rādīcālis (canonical)
rādīcāle (neuter)
rādīcālis (feminine masculine nominative singular)
rādīcāle (neuter nominative singular)
rādīcālēs (feminine masculine nominative plural)
rādīcālia (neuter nominative plural)
rādīcālis (feminine genitive masculine neuter singular)
rādīcālium (feminine genitive masculine neuter plural)
rādīcālī (dative feminine masculine neuter singular)
rādīcālibus (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
rādīcālem (accusative feminine masculine singular)
rādīcāle (accusative neuter singular)
rādīcālēs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
rādīcālīs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
rādīcālia (accusative neuter plural)
rādīcālī (ablative feminine masculine neuter singular)
rādīcālibus (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
rādīcālis (feminine masculine singular vocative)
rādīcāle (neuter singular vocative)
rādīcālēs (feminine masculine plural vocative)
rādīcālia (neuter plural vocative)

Òc:

desc

Languedocien: rasigal (“cluster of roots”) (Saurat), roïgal (“large root”) (Cahors)

Limousin: reijal (“tree-root shelter for fish”)

Oïl:

Middle French: rageau, racheau (“tree-stump”)

Poitevin-Saintongeais: rijau (“firebrand made of hard wood”)

Ibero-Romance:

Spanish: raigal (“pertaining to roots”) (probably a later formation from raíz)

Borrowings

→ Albanian: radikal

→ Azerbaijani: radikal

→ Bulgarian: радикал (radikal)

→ Catalan: radical

→ Crimean Tatar: radikal

→ Czech: radikál

→ Dutch: radicaal

→ English: radical

→ Estonian: radikaal

→ Finnish: radikaali

→ French: radical

→ Danish: radikal

→ Dutch: radicaal

→ Galician: radical

→ German: radikal, Radikal, Radikale

→ Hungarian: radikális

→ Icelandic: radikal

→ Ido: radikala, radikale, radikalo

→ Indonesian: radikal

→ Italian: radicale

→ Japanese: ラジカル

→ Northern Kurdish: radîkal

→ Lithuanian: radikalas

→ Macedonian: радикал (radikal)

→ Malay: radikal

→ Mongolian: радикал (radikal)

→ Norwegian: radikal

→ Papiamentu: radikal

→ Polish: radykał

→ Portuguese: radical

→ Romanian: radical

→ Russian: радикал (radikal)

→ Serbo-Croatian: radikal (радикал)

→ Slovak: radikál

→ Slovene: radikal

→ Spanish: radical

→ Sundanese: ᮛᮓᮤᮊᮜ᮪ (radikal)

→ Swedish: radikal

→ Turkish: radikal

→ Ukrainian: радикал (radykal)

[räːd̪iːˈkäːlʲɪs̠]


puerilis

la-adj

puerīlis (neuter puerīle, comparative puerīlior, superlative puerīlissimus, adverb puerīliter); third-declension two-termination adjective

puerīlis (canonical)
puerīle (neuter)
puerīlior (comparative)
puerīlissimus (superlative)
puerīliter (adverb)
puerīlis (feminine masculine nominative singular)
puerīle (neuter nominative singular)
puerīlēs (feminine masculine nominative plural)
puerīlia (neuter nominative plural)
puerīlis (feminine genitive masculine neuter singular)
puerīlium (feminine genitive masculine neuter plural)
puerīlī (dative feminine masculine neuter singular)
puerīlibus (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
puerīlem (accusative feminine masculine singular)
puerīle (accusative neuter singular)
puerīlēs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
puerīlīs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
puerīlia (accusative neuter plural)
puerīlī (ablative feminine masculine neuter singular)
puerīlibus (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
puerīlis (feminine masculine singular vocative)
puerīle (neuter singular vocative)
puerīlēs (feminine masculine plural vocative)
puerīlia (neuter plural vocative)

Catalan: pueril

→ English: puerile

French: puéril

→ German: pueril

Italian: puerile

Portuguese: pueril

Spanish: pueril


-ilis

-ile (neuter)
-ilior (comparative)
-illimus (superlative)
-ilissimus (superlative)
-ilis (feminine masculine nominative singular)
-ile (neuter nominative singular)
-ilēs (feminine masculine nominative plural)
-ilia (neuter nominative plural)
-ilis (feminine genitive masculine neuter singular)
-ilium (feminine genitive masculine neuter plural)
-ilī (dative feminine masculine neuter singular)
-ilibus (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
-ilem (accusative feminine masculine singular)
-ile (accusative neuter singular)
-ilēs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
-ilīs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
-ilia (accusative neuter plural)
-ilī (ablative feminine masculine neuter singular)
-ilibus (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
-ilis (feminine masculine singular vocative)
-ile (neuter singular vocative)
-ilēs (feminine masculine plural vocative)
-ilia (neuter plural vocative)

Aromanian: -ilji

Catalan: -il

English: -ile

French: -ile

Italian: -ile

Portuguese: -il

Romanian: -il, -ie

Sicilian: -ili

Spanish: -il

From Proto-Italic *-elis, from Proto-Indo-European *-elis, probably from *-lós. Cognate with Proto-Germanic *-ilaz (“-le”, adjective-forming suffix).

cog

agō (“to act”) + -ilis → agilis (“that may be acted”)

frangō (“to break”) + -ilis → fragilis (“that may be broken”)

-ile; used to form an adjective of relation, frequently passive, to the verb or root.

sedeō (“to sit”) + -ilis → sessilis (“of sitting”)

pendeō (“to hang”) + -ilis → pēnsilis (“hanging”)

flectō (“to ply”) + -ilis → flexilis (“pliable”)

often attached to the perf. pass. part. stem:

humus (“ground, earth”) + -ilis → humilis (“lowly, humble”)

pār, par- (“even, equal”) + -ilis → parilis (“equal, like”)

herba (“grass”) + -ilis → herbilis (“fed on grass”)

(rare) used to form an adjective from a noun or adjective stem, sometimes with passive meaning


-ilis

-īlis (canonical)
-īle (neuter)
-īlis (feminine masculine nominative singular)
-īle (neuter nominative singular)
-īlēs (feminine masculine nominative plural)
-īlia (neuter nominative plural)
-īlis (feminine genitive masculine neuter singular)
-īlium (feminine genitive masculine neuter plural)
-īlī (dative feminine masculine neuter singular)
-īlibus (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
-īlem (accusative feminine masculine singular)
-īle (accusative neuter singular)
-īlēs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
-īlīs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
-īlia (accusative neuter plural)
-īlī (ablative feminine masculine neuter singular)
-īlibus (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
-īlis (feminine masculine singular vocative)
-īle (neuter singular vocative)
-īlēs (feminine masculine plural vocative)
-īlia (neuter plural vocative)

Originally from the above -ilis added to i stems, later used freely.

aedis (“building”) + -ilis → aedīlis (“of buildings”) (attested as substantive)

hostis (“enemy”) + -ilis → hostīlis (“of the enemy, unfriendly, hostile”)

puer (“boy”) + -ilis → puerīlis (“of boys, boyish, immature”)

erus (“master”) + -ilis → erīlis (“of the master”)

-ile; used to form an adjective, usually from a noun, indicating a relationship or a pertaining to.


homosexualis

la-adj

homosexuālis (neuter homosexuāle); third-declension two-termination adjective

homosexuālis (canonical)
homosexuāle (neuter)
homosexuālis (feminine masculine nominative singular)
homosexuāle (neuter nominative singular)
homosexuālēs (feminine masculine nominative plural)
homosexuālia (neuter nominative plural)
homosexuālis (feminine genitive masculine neuter singular)
homosexuālium (feminine genitive masculine neuter plural)
homosexuālī (dative feminine masculine neuter singular)
homosexuālibus (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
homosexuālem (accusative feminine masculine singular)
homosexuāle (accusative neuter singular)
homosexuālēs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
homosexuālīs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
homosexuālia (accusative neuter plural)
homosexuālī (ablative feminine masculine neuter singular)
homosexuālibus (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
homosexuālis (feminine masculine singular vocative)
homosexuāle (neuter singular vocative)
homosexuālēs (feminine masculine plural vocative)
homosexuālia (neuter plural vocative)

[hɔmɔs̠ɛks̠uˈäːlʲɪs̠]

From German homosexual (now homosexuell), coined by Richard von Krafft-Ebing.


Sinensis

Sīnēnsis (neuter Sīnēnse); third-declension two-termination adjective

Sīnēnsis (canonical)
Sīnēnse (neuter)
Sīnēnsis (feminine masculine nominative singular)
Sīnēnse (neuter nominative singular)
Sīnēnsēs (feminine masculine nominative plural)
Sīnēnsia (neuter nominative plural)
Sīnēnsis (feminine genitive masculine neuter singular)
Sīnēnsium (feminine genitive masculine neuter plural)
Sīnēnsī (dative feminine masculine neuter singular)
Sīnēnsibus (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
Sīnēnsem (accusative feminine masculine singular)
Sīnēnse (accusative neuter singular)
Sīnēnsēs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
Sīnēnsīs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
Sīnēnsia (accusative neuter plural)
Sīnēnsī (ablative feminine masculine neuter singular)
Sīnēnsibus (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
Sīnēnsis (feminine masculine singular vocative)
Sīnēnse (neuter singular vocative)
Sīnēnsēs (feminine masculine plural vocative)
Sīnēnsia (neuter plural vocative)

[s̠ɪˈnẽːs̠ɪs̠]

From Sīnae (“China, the Chinese people”) + -ēnsis.

suf

CETERVM quòd Canellæ diuerſa Cinnamomi & Caßiæ nomina indita fuerint, occaſionem præbuiſſe puto mercatores Chinenſes (nam Annales vrbis Ormuz prodũt olim quadringentas naues è China vno eodémque tempore eò appuliſſe) qui cum è ſua regione aurum, ſericum, vaſa murrhina (porcellanas vocant) moſchum, cuprum, margaritas, aliasq[ue] huiuſmodi merces eueherent

1579, Garcia de Orta (Portuguese), Charles de l'Écluse (Latin translation), Aromatum, et Simplicium Aliquot Medicamentorum apud Indos Nascentium Historia (3rd ed.), p. 58-59

(please add an English translation of this quotation)


sinensis

la-adj

sinēnsis (neuter sinēnse); third-declension two-termination adjective

sinēnsis (canonical)
sinēnse (neuter)
sinēnsis (feminine masculine nominative singular)
sinēnse (neuter nominative singular)
sinēnsēs (feminine masculine nominative plural)
sinēnsia (neuter nominative plural)
sinēnsis (feminine genitive masculine neuter singular)
sinēnsium (feminine genitive masculine neuter plural)
sinēnsī (dative feminine masculine neuter singular)
sinēnsibus (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
sinēnsem (accusative feminine masculine singular)
sinēnse (accusative neuter singular)
sinēnsēs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
sinēnsīs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
sinēnsia (accusative neuter plural)
sinēnsī (ablative feminine masculine neuter singular)
sinēnsibus (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
sinēnsis (feminine masculine singular vocative)
sinēnse (neuter singular vocative)
sinēnsēs (feminine masculine plural vocative)
sinēnsia (neuter plural vocative)

[s̠ɪˈnẽːs̠ɪs̠]

Alternative letter-case form of Sinēnsis


hilaris

hilaris (neuter hilare, comparative hilarior, superlative hilarissimus, adverb hilarē or hilariter); third-declension two-termination adjective

hilare (neuter)
hilarior (comparative)
hilarissimus (superlative)
hilarē (adverb)
hilariter (adverb)
hilaris (feminine masculine nominative singular)
hilare (neuter nominative singular)
hilarēs (feminine masculine nominative plural)
hilaria (neuter nominative plural)
hilaris (feminine genitive masculine neuter singular)
hilarium (feminine genitive masculine neuter plural)
hilarī (dative feminine masculine neuter singular)
hilaribus (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
hilarem (accusative feminine masculine singular)
hilare (accusative neuter singular)
hilarēs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
hilarīs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
hilaria (accusative neuter plural)
hilarī (ablative feminine masculine neuter singular)
hilaribus (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
hilaris (feminine masculine singular vocative)
hilare (neuter singular vocative)
hilarēs (feminine masculine plural vocative)
hilaria (neuter plural vocative)

French: hilare

Icelandic: Hilaríus m

Italian: ilare

Portuguese: hilário

Romanian: ilar

Sicilian: ìlari

English: hilarious

→ Cebuano: hilaryos

[ˈhɪɫ̪ärɪs̠]

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἱλαρός (hilarós, “cheerful, merry”), from ἵλαος (hílaos, “propitious, gracious, kind”).

bor+

Nātāle hilare!

cheerful, lively, light-hearted, merry, jovial


grandis

la-adj

grandis (neuter grande, comparative grandior, superlative grandissimus, adverb grandē or granditer); third-declension two-termination adjective

grande (neuter)
grandior (comparative)
grandissimus (superlative)
grandē (adverb)
granditer (adverb)
grandis (feminine masculine nominative singular)
grande (neuter nominative singular)
grandēs (feminine masculine nominative plural)
grandia (neuter nominative plural)
grandis (feminine genitive masculine neuter singular)
grandium (feminine genitive masculine neuter plural)
grandī (dative feminine masculine neuter singular)
grandibus (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
grandem (accusative feminine masculine singular)
grande (accusative neuter singular)
grandēs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
grandīs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
grandia (accusative neuter plural)
grandī (ablative feminine masculine neuter singular)
grandibus (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
grandis (feminine masculine singular vocative)
grande (neuter singular vocative)
grandēs (feminine masculine plural vocative)
grandia (neuter plural vocative)
grandī (feminine locative masculine neuter singular)
grandibus (feminine locative masculine neuter plural)

Asturian: grande, gran

→? Basque: handi

Bourguignon: grand

Corsican: grande

Dalmatian: grund, gruond

Franco-Provençal: grant

Friulian: grant

Istriot: grando

Italian: grande

Old Occitan: gran
Occitan: gran

desctree

Old French: grant, graunt (late Anglo-Norman spelling)
Middle French: grand
French: grand
Norman: grand
Picard: grand
→ English: grand

Old Galician-Portuguese: grande, gran, grand
Fala: grandi
Galician: grande
Portuguese: grande

Old Spanish: grant, grand (alternative spelling)
Spanish: gran

Romansch: grond

Sardinian: grande, grandu, granne

Sicilian: granni

Venetian: gran, grando

[ˈɡrän̪d̪ɪs̠]

From Proto-Italic *grandis, of unclear origin.
Traditionally derived from Proto-Indo-European *gʰer- (“to rub, to grind”), and connected to Proto-Germanic *grautaz (“big in size, coarse, coarse grained”) (whence English great). A different etymology, favored by Pokorny, derives the word from Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰrendʰ- (“to swell”), and connects the word to Ancient Greek βρένθος (brénthos, “arrogance”) and Proto-Slavic *grǫ̑dь (“breast”).
However, De Vaan rejects the latter (and doesn't mention the former) due to phonetic difficulties and the wide semantic gap between "breast-pride" and "breast-large", and prefers to regard the word as, along with Basque handi (“big”), borrowed from an earlier Vasconian substrate.


lenis

la-adj

lēnis (neuter lēne, comparative lēnior, superlative lēnissimus, adverb lēne or lēniter); third-declension two-termination adjective

lēnis (canonical)
lēne (neuter)
lēnior (comparative)
lēnissimus (superlative)
lēne (adverb)
lēniter (adverb)
lēnis (feminine masculine nominative singular)
lēne (neuter nominative singular)
lēnēs (feminine masculine nominative plural)
lēnia (neuter nominative plural)
lēnis (feminine genitive masculine neuter singular)
lēnium (feminine genitive masculine neuter plural)
lēnī (dative feminine masculine neuter singular)
lēnibus (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
lēnem (accusative feminine masculine singular)
lēne (accusative neuter singular)
lēnēs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
lēnīs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
lēnia (accusative neuter plural)
lēnī (ablative feminine masculine neuter singular)
lēnibus (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
lēnis (feminine masculine singular vocative)
lēne (neuter singular vocative)
lēnēs (feminine masculine plural vocative)
lēnia (neuter plural vocative)

English: lenis, lenient

Galician: lene, ao len

Italian: lene

Occitan: len

Romanian: lin

Spanish: lene

Portuguese: lene

From Proto-Italic *lēnis (“soft, mild”), from Proto-Indo-European *leh₁- (“lazy, slow; soft”).
Cognate to Proto-Slavic *lěnь (“laziness”) and to Lithuanian lė́nas (“slow, calm”). Compare also lentus, of similar sound and meaning but different origin.

der

soft, smooth, gentle, moderate, mild, calm


difficilis

la-adj

difficilis (neuter difficile, comparative difficilior, superlative difficillimus, adverb difficulter or difficile or difficiliter); third-declension two-termination adjective

difficile (neuter)
difficilior (comparative)
difficillimus (superlative)
difficulter (adverb)
difficile (adverb)
difficiliter (adverb)
difficilis (feminine masculine nominative singular)
difficile (neuter nominative singular)
difficilēs (feminine masculine nominative plural)
difficilia (neuter nominative plural)
difficilis (feminine genitive masculine neuter singular)
difficilium (feminine genitive masculine neuter plural)
difficilī (dative feminine masculine neuter singular)
difficilibus (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
difficilem (accusative feminine masculine singular)
difficile (accusative neuter singular)
difficilēs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
difficilīs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
difficilia (accusative neuter plural)
difficilī (ablative feminine masculine neuter singular)
difficilibus (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
difficilis (feminine masculine singular vocative)
difficile (neuter singular vocative)
difficilēs (feminine masculine plural vocative)
difficilia (neuter plural vocative)

Catalan: difícil

Galician: difícil

Italian: difficile

Occitan: dificil

Old French: difficile

English: difficile (obsolete)

French: difficile

Piedmontese: dificil

Portuguese: difícil

Romanian: dificil

Spanish: difícil

[d̪ɪfˈfɪkɪlʲɪs̠]

(of character) obstinate, intractable, hard to please or manage


facilis

facilis (neuter facile, comparative facilior, superlative facillimus, adverb facile); third-declension two-termination adjective

facile (neuter)
facilior (comparative)
facillimus (superlative)
facile (adverb)
facilis (feminine masculine nominative singular)
facile (neuter nominative singular)
facilēs (feminine masculine nominative plural)
facilia (neuter nominative plural)
facilis (feminine genitive masculine neuter singular)
facilium (feminine genitive masculine neuter plural)
facilī (dative feminine masculine neuter singular)
facilibus (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
facilem (accusative feminine masculine singular)
facile (accusative neuter singular)
facilēs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
facilīs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
facilia (accusative neuter plural)
facilī (ablative feminine masculine neuter singular)
facilibus (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
facilis (feminine masculine singular vocative)
facile (neuter singular vocative)
facilēs (feminine masculine plural vocative)
facilia (neuter plural vocative)

→ Catalan: fàcil

→ Dalmatian: fázil

→ Middle French: facile

French: facile

→ English: facile

→ Friulian: facil

→ Galician: fácil

→ Italian: facile

Lombard: fazzil

→ Piedmontese: facil

→ Portuguese: fácil

→ Romanian: facil

→ Spanish: fácil

[ˈfäkɪlʲɪs̠]


talis

tālis (neuter tāle, adverb tāliter); third-declension two-termination adjective

tālis (canonical)
tāle (neuter)
tāliter (adverb)
tālis (feminine masculine nominative singular)
tāle (neuter nominative singular)
tālēs (feminine masculine nominative plural)
tālia (neuter nominative plural)
tālis (feminine genitive masculine neuter singular)
tālium (feminine genitive masculine neuter plural)
tālī (dative feminine masculine neuter singular)
tālibus (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
tālem (accusative feminine masculine singular)
tāle (accusative neuter singular)
tālēs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
tālīs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
tālia (accusative neuter plural)
tālī (ablative feminine masculine neuter singular)
tālibus (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
tālis (feminine masculine singular vocative)
tāle (neuter singular vocative)
tālēs (feminine masculine plural vocative)
tālia (neuter plural vocative)

Aragonese: tall

Catalan: tal

Corsican: tali

Extremaduran: tal

French: tel

Friulian: tâl

Galician: tal

Gallurese: tali, tal

Istro-Romanian: tore

Interlingua: tal

Italian: tale

Ligurian: tâ, tâle

Megleno-Romanian: tari

Mirandese: tal

Occitan: tal

Old French: tel, itel

Old Galician-Portuguese: tal, atal

Piedmontese: tal

Portuguese: tal

Romanian: tare ⇒ atare

Sassarese: tari

Sicilian: tali

Spanish: tal

Venetian: tal

[ˈt̪äːlʲɪs̠]

From Proto-Italic *tālis, from Proto-Indo-European *to- (“demonstrative stem”) and maybe *h₂el- (“to grow”) (cf. the sense of indolēs, from this root). Cognate with Ancient Greek τηλίκος (tēlíkos, “of such an age”), Welsh talu (“to pay”), Proto-Slavic *toliko (“this much”).

cog

† Turned conjunction with original meaning somewhat dissimulated° Rare‡only used as a conjunction

… tālibus adgreditur Venerem Sāturnia dictīs: ….

[... Juno, daughter of] Saturn, approaches Venus with such an offer: ….

Quam tū urbem, soror, hanc cernēs, quae surgere rēgna / coniugiō tālī!

“What [about] your city, [my] sister — this you will see! — what a realm [will] arise from such a distinguished union!”
(Anna endorses Dido’s prospective marriage to Aeneas as advantageous for Carthage and its queen.)

so or such a distinguished, great, excellent, or important


virilis

la-adj

virīlis (neuter virīle, comparative virīlior, superlative virīlissimus, adverb virīliter); third-declension two-termination adjective

virīlis (canonical)
virīle (neuter)
virīlior (comparative)
virīlissimus (superlative)
virīliter (adverb)
virīlis (feminine masculine nominative singular)
virīle (neuter nominative singular)
virīlēs (feminine masculine nominative plural)
virīlia (neuter nominative plural)
virīlis (feminine genitive masculine neuter singular)
virīlium (feminine genitive masculine neuter plural)
virīlī (dative feminine masculine neuter singular)
virīlibus (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
virīlem (accusative feminine masculine singular)
virīle (accusative neuter singular)
virīlēs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
virīlīs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
virīlia (accusative neuter plural)
virīlī (ablative feminine masculine neuter singular)
virīlibus (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
virīlis (feminine masculine singular vocative)
virīle (neuter singular vocative)
virīlēs (feminine masculine plural vocative)
virīlia (neuter plural vocative)

Catalan: viril

Dutch: viriel

English: virile

French: viril, virile

Galician: viril, virilla

Italian: virile

Portuguese: viril, virilha

Romanian: viril

Spanish: viril

[u̯ɪˈriːlʲɪs̠]

From vir (“man”, “male human”) + -īlis (suffix forming adjectives from nouns).


mas

la-adj

mās (neuter mare); third-declension two-termination adjective

mās (canonical)
mare (neuter)
mās (feminine masculine nominative singular)
mare (neuter nominative singular)
marēs (feminine masculine nominative plural)
maria (neuter nominative plural)
maris (feminine genitive masculine neuter singular)
marium (feminine genitive masculine neuter plural)
marum (feminine genitive masculine neuter plural)
marī (dative feminine masculine neuter singular)
maribus (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
marem (accusative feminine masculine singular)
mare (accusative neuter singular)
marēs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
marīs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
maria (accusative neuter plural)
marī (ablative feminine masculine neuter singular)
maribus (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
maris (feminine masculine singular vocative)
mare (neuter singular vocative)
marēs (feminine masculine plural vocative)
maria (neuter plural vocative)

Origin unknown. Traditionally theorized to be from Proto-Indo-European *méryos (“young man”), whence Proto-Indo-Iranian *máryas (“young man”), Sanskrit मर्य (márya, “suitor, young man”), Ancient Greek μεῖραξ (meîrax, “young girl”), and Old Armenian մարի (mari, “female bird, hen”). But this cannot account for the resultant phonetics, particularly the a-vocalism.
It has been connected with masturbor and with mālus (“pole”).

cog

Sic mare et femineum secus iungitur, ac diversus utriusque sexus ex dissimilibus simile animal facit

Thus the male and female sex is joined together, and the different sex of each makes a similar animal from the dissimilar.


fascicularis

la-adj

fasciculāris (neuter fasciculāre); third-declension two-termination adjective

fasciculāris (canonical)
fasciculāre (neuter)
fasciculāris (feminine masculine nominative singular)
fasciculāre (neuter nominative singular)
fasciculārēs (feminine masculine nominative plural)
fasciculāria (neuter nominative plural)
fasciculāris (feminine genitive masculine neuter singular)
fasciculārium (feminine genitive masculine neuter plural)
fasciculārī (dative feminine masculine neuter singular)
fasciculāribus (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
fasciculārem (accusative feminine masculine singular)
fasciculāre (accusative neuter singular)
fasciculārēs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
fasciculārīs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
fasciculāria (accusative neuter plural)
fasciculārī (ablative feminine masculine neuter singular)
fasciculāribus (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
fasciculāris (feminine masculine singular vocative)
fasciculāre (neuter singular vocative)
fasciculārēs (feminine masculine plural vocative)
fasciculāria (neuter plural vocative)


aequalis

aequālis (neuter aequāle, comparative aequālior, superlative aequālissimus, adverb aequāliter); third-declension two-termination adjective

aequālis (canonical)
aequāle (neuter)
aequālior (comparative)
aequālissimus (superlative)
aequāliter (adverb)
aequālis (feminine masculine nominative singular)
aequāle (neuter nominative singular)
aequālēs (feminine masculine nominative plural)
aequālia (neuter nominative plural)
aequālis (feminine genitive masculine neuter singular)
aequālium (feminine genitive masculine neuter plural)
aequālī (dative feminine masculine neuter singular)
aequālibus (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
aequālem (accusative feminine masculine singular)
aequāle (accusative neuter singular)
aequālēs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
aequālīs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
aequālia (accusative neuter plural)
aequālī (ablative feminine masculine neuter singular)
aequālibus (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
aequālis (feminine masculine singular vocative)
aequāle (neuter singular vocative)
aequālēs (feminine masculine plural vocative)
aequālia (neuter plural vocative)

Asturian: igual

Extremaduran: igual

Franco-Provençal: égalle

Friulian: avuâl, vualîf

Galician: igual

desc

Italian: uguale, eguale (uncommon); equale (archaic)

Sardinian: aguale, auguale, gali, oguale, uguale

Sicilian: avali, aguali, uguali

Neapolitan: eguale, uguale

desctree

→ Middle English: equal, equale
English: equal
Scots: aiqual

Leonese: igual, egual

Ligurian: egoal

Lombard: uguale

Maltese: ugwal

Mirandese: eigual

Norman: égal

Navarro-Aragonese: ygual, egual, igual

→ Aragonese: igual

Old Occitan: egal

Catalan: igual, egal, egual

Occitan: egal

Old French: igal, egal, esgal, ivel
French: égal
→ Danish: egal
→ Dutch: egaal
→ German: egal
→ Romanian: egal
→ Serbo-Croatian: egal
→ Middle English: egal, egall, egalle
English: egal (obsolete)

Piedmontese: ugual

Portuguese: igual

Romansch: guliv, guleiv, gualiv

Spanish: igual

Venetian: guałivo, gałivo

Walloon: ewal

[äe̯ˈkʷäːlʲɪs̠]


agilis

la-adj

agilis (neuter agile, comparative agilior, superlative agilissimus, adverb agiliter); third-declension two-termination adjective

agile (neuter)
agilior (comparative)
agilissimus (superlative)
agiliter (adverb)
agilis (feminine masculine nominative singular)
agile (neuter nominative singular)
agilēs (feminine masculine nominative plural)
agilia (neuter nominative plural)
agilis (feminine genitive masculine neuter singular)
agilium (feminine genitive masculine neuter plural)
agilī (dative feminine masculine neuter singular)
agilibus (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
agilem (accusative feminine masculine singular)
agile (accusative neuter singular)
agilēs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
agilīs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
agilia (accusative neuter plural)
agilī (ablative feminine masculine neuter singular)
agilibus (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
agilis (feminine masculine singular vocative)
agile (neuter singular vocative)
agilēs (feminine masculine plural vocative)
agilia (neuter plural vocative)

Catalan: àgil

→ English: agile

French: agile

Friulian: agjil

Galician: áxil

Italian: agile

Occitan: agil

Piedmontese: àgil

Portuguese: ágil

Romanian: ager, agil

Spanish: ágil

That can be easily moved, easily movable; light.

That moves easily or quickly; nimble, agile, dextrous, quick, rapid


borealis

boreālis (neuter boreāle, superlative boreālissimus); third-declension two-termination adjective

boreālis (canonical)
boreāle (neuter)
boreālissimus (superlative)
boreālis (feminine masculine nominative singular)
boreāle (neuter nominative singular)
boreālēs (feminine masculine nominative plural)
boreālia (neuter nominative plural)
boreālis (feminine genitive masculine neuter singular)
boreālium (feminine genitive masculine neuter plural)
boreālī (dative feminine masculine neuter singular)
boreālibus (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
boreālem (accusative feminine masculine singular)
boreāle (accusative neuter singular)
boreālēs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
boreālīs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
boreālia (accusative neuter plural)
boreālī (ablative feminine masculine neuter singular)
boreālibus (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
boreālis (feminine masculine singular vocative)
boreāle (neuter singular vocative)
boreālēs (feminine masculine plural vocative)
boreālia (neuter plural vocative)

Catalan: boreal

English: boreal

French: boréal

Italian: boreale

Portuguese: boreal

Romanian: boreal

Spanish: boreal

[bɔreˈäːlʲɪs̠]


turpis

turpis (neuter turpe, comparative turpior, superlative turpissimus, adverb turpiter); third-declension two-termination adjective

turpe (neuter)
turpior (comparative)
turpissimus (superlative)
turpiter (adverb)
turpis (feminine masculine nominative singular)
turpe (neuter nominative singular)
turpēs (feminine masculine nominative plural)
turpia (neuter nominative plural)
turpis (feminine genitive masculine neuter singular)
turpium (feminine genitive masculine neuter plural)
turpī (dative feminine masculine neuter singular)
turpibus (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
turpem (accusative feminine masculine singular)
turpe (accusative neuter singular)
turpēs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
turpīs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
turpia (accusative neuter plural)
turpī (ablative feminine masculine neuter singular)
turpibus (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
turpis (feminine masculine singular vocative)
turpe (neuter singular vocative)
turpēs (feminine masculine plural vocative)
turpia (neuter plural vocative)

Balkan Romance:

→ Albanian: turp

Italo-Romance:

>? Gallurese: tulpi

Padanian:

Romansch: tuorp

Ibero-Romance:

Galician: torpe

Portuguese: torpe

Spanish: torpe ⇒ estorpar

Insular Romance:

Sardinian: turpe (obsolete), tzurpu (doubtful)

⇒ Vulgar Latin: *exturpiāre

Italian: storpiare, stroppiare (Old Lucchese)

→ French: estropier

→ German: struppieren (regional)

→ Portuguese: estropiar

→ Spanish: estropear

Piedmontese: stropiè

desc

Romansch: strupiar, strupchiar, strupchier, strupchá

Borrowings:

→ English: turpid

→ French: turpide, turpe

→ Hungarian: turpisság

→ Italian: turpe

Traditionally derived from Proto-Indo-European *trep- (“to turn”) (with the word interpreted as "turning away" > "repelling" > "disgusting"), and compared with Ancient Greek τρέπω (trépō, “to turn, divert”), Sanskrit त्रपते (trapate, “to be ashamed”). De Vaan is skeptical of the semantics of this derivation, and prefers, albeit with trepidation, to compare the word with torpeō (“to be stiff”).

cog

Attributed to Ennius by Cicero in Dē nātūrā deōrum, Book I, Chapter XXXV

How similar to us is that most vile beast, the ape!

Sīmia quam similis turpissima bēstia nōbīs!

Nunc hiemem inter sē luxū, quam longa, fovēre,

29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 4.193–194

Now [Dido and Aeneas] warm one another in wanton excess for as long as winter lasts, mindless of their kingdoms, and seized by shameful lust.

rēgnōrum immemorēs, turpīque cupīdine captōs.

(figuratively) base, infamous, scandalous, dishonorable, shameful, disgraceful, unseemly, vile


viridis

la-adj

viridis (neuter viride, comparative viridior, superlative viridissimus); third-declension two-termination adjective

viride (neuter)
viridior (comparative)
viridissimus (superlative)
viridis (feminine masculine nominative singular)
viride (neuter nominative singular)
viridēs (feminine masculine nominative plural)
viridia (neuter nominative plural)
viridis (feminine genitive masculine neuter singular)
viridium (feminine genitive masculine neuter plural)
viridī (dative feminine masculine neuter singular)
viridibus (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
viridem (accusative feminine masculine singular)
viride (accusative neuter singular)
viridēs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
viridīs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
viridia (accusative neuter plural)
viridī (ablative feminine masculine neuter singular)
viridibus (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
viridis (feminine masculine singular vocative)
viride (neuter singular vocative)
viridēs (feminine masculine plural vocative)
viridia (neuter plural vocative)

→ English: virid (learned)

Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: veardi, vearde, verdi

Istro-Romanian: verde

Megleno-Romanian: veardi, verdi

Romanian: verde

Dalmatian:

viard

Italo-Romance:

Corsican: verde, verdi

Gallurese: veldi

Italian: verde

Neapolitan: verde

Sassarese: verdhi

Sicilian: virdi

North Italian:

Gallo-Italic:

Ligurian: vèrde

Lombard: verd

Piedmontese: verd

Romagnol: vérd

Friulian: vert, verd

Istriot: virdo

Ladin: vërt

Romansch: verd, veard (Sutsilvan)

Venetian: vérdo

Gallo-Romance:

Catalan: verd

Franco-Provençal: vèrd

Old French: vert (see there for further descendants)

Occitan: verd

Ibero-Romance:

Aragonese: verde, berde

Old Leonese:

Asturian: verde

Leonese: verde

Mirandese: berde

desctree

Old Galician-Portuguese: verde
Fala: verdi
Galician: verde
Portuguese: verde (see there for further descendants)

Old Spanish: verde
Ladino: vedre
Spanish: verde (see there for further descendants)

Insular Romance:

Sardinian: birde, vidre, bidre

⇒ Vulgar Latin: (see there for further descendants)

*viridia

*viridizāre

*viriditia

Borrowings:

→ Albanian: verdhë

→ Proto-Brythonic: *gwɨrð (see there for further descendants)

[ˈu̯ɪrɪd̪ɪs̠]


vilis

la-adj

vīlis (neuter vīle, comparative vīlior, superlative vīlissimus); third-declension two-termination adjective

vīlis (canonical)
vīle (neuter)
vīlior (comparative)
vīlissimus (superlative)
vīlis (feminine masculine nominative singular)
vīle (neuter nominative singular)
vīlēs (feminine masculine nominative plural)
vīlia (neuter nominative plural)
vīlis (feminine genitive masculine neuter singular)
vīlium (feminine genitive masculine neuter plural)
vīlī (dative feminine masculine neuter singular)
vīlibus (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
vīlem (accusative feminine masculine singular)
vīle (accusative neuter singular)
vīlēs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
vīlīs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
vīlia (accusative neuter plural)
vīlī (ablative feminine masculine neuter singular)
vīlibus (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
vīlis (feminine masculine singular vocative)
vīle (neuter singular vocative)
vīlēs (feminine masculine plural vocative)
vīlia (neuter plural vocative)

Catalan: vil

→ English: vile

French: vil, vile

Friulian: vîl

Italian: vile

Piedmontese: vil

Portuguese: vil

Romanian: vil

Sicilian: vili

Spanish: vil

[ˈu̯iːlʲɪs̠]

From Proto-Italic *weslis, from Proto-Indo-European *weslis, a deverbal adjective with passive meaning ("which can be bought"), from the root of venus (“sale”).

base, vile, mean, worthless, cheap, paltry


mollis

mollis (neuter molle, comparative mollior, superlative mollissimus, adverb molliter); third-declension two-termination adjective

molle (neuter)
mollior (comparative)
mollissimus (superlative)
molliter (adverb)
mollis (feminine masculine nominative singular)
molle (neuter nominative singular)
mollēs (feminine masculine nominative plural)
mollia (neuter nominative plural)
mollis (feminine genitive masculine neuter singular)
mollium (feminine genitive masculine neuter plural)
mollī (dative feminine masculine neuter singular)
mollibus (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
mollem (accusative feminine masculine singular)
molle (accusative neuter singular)
mollēs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
mollīs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
mollia (accusative neuter plural)
mollī (ablative feminine masculine neuter singular)
mollibus (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
mollis (feminine masculine singular vocative)
molle (neuter singular vocative)
mollēs (feminine masculine plural vocative)
mollia (neuter plural vocative)

Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: moali, moli

Istro-Romanian: mole

Romanian: moale

Italo-Romance:

Italian: molle

Neapolitan: muollo

Sicilian: moddu

North Italian:

Friulian: mol

Icelandic: moll

Venetian: mol, molo, moło

Gallo-Romance:

Catalan: moll

Occitan: mòl

Old French: mol

Middle French: mol

French: mou

→ Middle English: moll

English: mull

Ibero-Romance:

Old Galician-Portuguese: mole

Galician: mol

Portuguese: mole

Spanish: muelle

Insular Romance:

Sardinian: modde, moddi, moddu

Vulgar Latin: *molliāre (see there for further descendants)

Borrowings:

→ German: Moll

→ Norwegian Bokmål: moll

From earlier *molduis, from Proto-Italic *molduis, from Proto-Indo-European *ml̥dus (“soft, weak”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)meld- (“to soften, melt”).
Cognates include Latin mola, blandus, mortārium, Old Prussian maldai (“boys”), Welsh blydd (“soft”), Old Church Slavonic младъ (mladŭ, “young”), Sanskrit मृदु (mṛdú, “soft, mild, weak”), Old Armenian մեղկ (mełk, “soft, weak”), Ancient Greek βλαδύς (bladús, “weak”) and ἀμαλδύνω (amaldúnō, “to weaken, destroy”). More at mild.
An alternative hypothesis derives it from the Proto-Indo-European root *melh₂- (“to grind, crush, pulverize, mill”) via *mol-n-is; more at malleus.

cog

Sed quid existis videre hominem mollibus vestitum ecce qui mollibus vestiuntur in domibus regum sunt.

But what went ye out for to see? A man clothed in soft raiment? behold, they that wear soft clothing are in kings' houses.

Diligentior cura mollia panis fermentati colat aqua fervente.

c. 77 CE – 79 CE, Pliny the Elder, Naturalis Historia 23.26

Those who take the most care boil the soft part of leavened bread then strain off the water;

Responsio mollis frangit iram sermo durus suscitat furorem.

A soft answer turneth away wrath: but grievous words stir up anger.


gravis

la-adj

gravis (neuter grave, comparative gravior, superlative gravissimus, adverb graviter); third-declension two-termination adjective

grave (neuter)
gravior (comparative)
gravissimus (superlative)
graviter (adverb)
gravis (feminine masculine nominative singular)
grave (neuter nominative singular)
gravēs (feminine masculine nominative plural)
gravia (neuter nominative plural)
gravis (feminine genitive masculine neuter singular)
gravium (feminine genitive masculine neuter plural)
gravī (dative feminine masculine neuter singular)
gravibus (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
gravem (accusative feminine masculine singular)
grave (accusative neuter singular)
gravēs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
gravīs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
gravia (accusative neuter plural)
gravī (ablative feminine masculine neuter singular)
gravibus (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
gravis (feminine masculine singular vocative)
grave (neuter singular vocative)
gravēs (feminine masculine plural vocative)
gravia (neuter plural vocative)

Italian: grave

Old Galician-Portuguese: grave

Portuguese: grave

Old Spanish: grave

Spanish: grave

Sicilian: gravi

Borrowings:

→ Middle French: grave (learned)

→ English: grave

French: grave

→ Romanian: grav (also from French)

→ Swedish: grav

From Proto-Italic *gʷraus, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷréh₂us, an u-stem adjective regularly enlarged into the i-stem, compare brevis, dulcis, mollis, tenuis, etc. Cognate with Ancient Greek βαρύς (barús), Gothic 𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌿𐍃 (kaurus, “heavy”), Persian گران (gerân) and Sanskrit गुरु (gurú). See also Latin brūtus.


rudis

rudis (neuter rude); third-declension two-termination adjective

rude (neuter)
rudis (feminine masculine nominative singular)
rude (neuter nominative singular)
rudēs (feminine masculine nominative plural)
rudia (neuter nominative plural)
rudis (feminine genitive masculine neuter singular)
rudium (feminine genitive masculine neuter plural)
rudī (dative feminine masculine neuter singular)
rudibus (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
rudem (accusative feminine masculine singular)
rude (accusative neuter singular)
rudēs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
rudīs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
rudia (accusative neuter plural)
rudī (ablative feminine masculine neuter singular)
rudibus (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
rudis (feminine masculine singular vocative)
rude (neuter singular vocative)
rudēs (feminine masculine plural vocative)
rudia (neuter plural vocative)

→ Catalan: rude

→ Old French: rude

→ English: rude

French: rude

→ German: rüde

→ Galician: rudo

→ Italian: rude

→ Norman: rude

→ Piedmontese: rudi

→ Portuguese: rude, rudo

→ Spanish: rudo

→ Swedish: rudis

⇒ Vulgar Latin: *rudius

Italian: rozzo

From Proto-Indo-European *Hrew- (“to tear up, dig up”). Related to rudus.


dulcis

la-adj

dulcis (neuter dulce, comparative dulcior, superlative dulcissimus, adverb dulcē or dulciter); third-declension two-termination adjective

dulce (neuter)
dulcior (comparative)
dulcissimus (superlative)
dulcē (adverb)
dulciter (adverb)
dulcis (feminine masculine nominative singular)
dulce (neuter nominative singular)
dulcēs (feminine masculine nominative plural)
dulcia (neuter nominative plural)
dulcis (feminine genitive masculine neuter singular)
dulcium (feminine genitive masculine neuter plural)
dulcī (dative feminine masculine neuter singular)
dulcibus (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
dulcem (accusative feminine masculine singular)
dulce (accusative neuter singular)
dulcēs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
dulcīs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
dulcia (accusative neuter plural)
dulcī (ablative feminine masculine neuter singular)
dulcibus (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
dulcis (feminine masculine singular vocative)
dulce (neuter singular vocative)
dulcēs (feminine masculine plural vocative)
dulcia (neuter plural vocative)

Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: dultsi

Istro-Romanian: duľțe

Megleno-Romanian: dulți

Romanian: dulce

Dalmatian:

dolc

Italo-Romance:

Italian: dolce

Neapolitan: doce

Sicilian: duci, aruci

Tuscan: dorce

Insular Romance:

Sardinian: durche

North Italian:

Friulian: dolç

Ligurian: dôçe

Lombard: dolz

Piedmontese: doss

Romansch: dultsch

Venetian: dólso, dolse

Gallo-Romance:

Catalan: dolç

Franco-Provençal: dox

Old French: douz (see there for further descendants)

Occitan: doç

Vulgar Latin:

*indulcīre (see there for further descendants)

Ibero-Romance:

Aragonese: dulce, duze

Asturian: dulce

Mozarabic: دَلجِ (dalji)

Old Galician-Portuguese: doce (see there for further descendants)

desc

Old Spanish: duz, duce, dulce (Latin influence?)

Spanish: dulce

[ˈd̪ʊɫ̪kɪs̠]

From Proto-Italic *dulkwis (“sweet”), most likely akin to Ancient Greek γλυκύς (glukús, “sweet”), both traditionally derived from a tentative Proto-Indo-European *dl̥kús (“sweet”), although the fall of -u- in the Latin form would be left unexplained, and the Greek form is problematic as well. Given that Latin and Greek are linguistically quite distant while being very close geographically, it is likely the word does not go back to PIE as it may have been borrowed from a common unknown source, possibly related to lac (“milk”).

ref

The expected outcome would have been **dulquis, with the u-stem regularly extended into an i- one, as in brevis, tenuis, etc.<ref name=deVaan/>

omnia ad salutem temperat conmutatque sese semper cum calore arida simul et umida et dulcis et amara et acris

234 BCE – 149 BCE, Cato the Elder, De Agri Cultura 157.1

It has all the virtues necessary for health, and constantly changes its nature along with the heat, being moist and dry, sweet, bitter, and acid.

cāna prius gelidō dēsint absinthia Pontō
et careat dulcī Trīnacris Hybla thymō

Sooner would pale wormwood be missing from icy Pontus or Sicilian Hybla lack its sweet-scented thyme

dicit plorare etiam Demosthenes istum quem saepe dicat voce dulci et clara fuisse

Demosthenes, however, says most upon this head, and often speaks of his accuser as having a sweet-sounding and clear pronunciation.

sweet-sounding, melodic, melodious, tuneful

Dulce et decōrum est prō patriā morī.

Sweet and fitting it is to die for one's fatherland.

tum pinguēs agnī et tum mollissima vīna

c. 37 BCE – 30 BCE, Virgil, Georgics 1.342

Then lambs are fat, and wines are mellowest then; then sleep is sweet, and dark the shadows fall upon the mountains.

tum somnī dulcēs dēnsaeque in montibus umbrae

Quam dulcis sit lībertās breviter prōloquar.

c. 15 BCE – c. 50 CE, Phaedrus, Fabulae 7.1

Let me declare briefly how sweet freedom is.

(figuratively) agreeable, delightful, pleasant, soft, sweet

tē, dulcis coniūnx, tē sōlō in lītore secum […]

c. 37 BCE – 30 BCE, Virgil, Georgics 4.465

You, his dear wife, on the lone shore alone, […]

(figuratively, of persons) friendly, charming, kind, dear, pleasant, agreeable


brevis

la-adj

brevis (neuter breve, comparative brevior, superlative brevissimus, adverb breviter); third-declension two-termination adjective

breve (neuter)
brevior (comparative)
brevissimus (superlative)
breviter (adverb)
brevis (feminine masculine nominative singular)
breve (neuter nominative singular)
brevēs (feminine masculine nominative plural)
brevia (neuter nominative plural)
brevis (feminine genitive masculine neuter singular)
brevium (feminine genitive masculine neuter plural)
brevī (dative feminine masculine neuter singular)
brevibus (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
brevem (accusative feminine masculine singular)
breve (accusative neuter singular)
brevēs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
brevīs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
brevia (accusative neuter plural)
brevī (ablative feminine masculine neuter singular)
brevibus (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
brevis (feminine masculine singular vocative)
breve (neuter singular vocative)
brevēs (feminine masculine plural vocative)
brevia (neuter plural vocative)

Gallo-Italic

Ligurian: brêve

Italo-Dalmatian

Italian: breve

→ Romanian: brevă

desctree

Old French: brief, bref
Middle French: brief
French: bref
→ Middle English: bref, breef, breve, brefe, breefe
English: brief, breve
Scots: brief, brieve, breef, briefe

Old Occitan: breu
Occitan: brèu

Rhaeto-Romance

Romansch: brev, breav (Sutsilvan)

West Iberian

Old Galician-Portuguese:

Galician: breve

Portuguese: breve

Old Spanish:

Spanish: breve

→ Dutch: breve

→ German: Breve

→ Proto-West Germanic: *brēf (see there for further descendants)

From Proto-Italic *breɣʷis, from Proto-Indo-European *mréǵʰus. Cognates include Ancient Greek βραχύς (brakhús), English merry, Sanskrit मुहु (muhu).

(of distance) short, small, little, narrow

(of height or depth) short, low, shallow


levis

la-adj

levis (neuter leve, comparative levior, superlative levissimus, adverb leviter); third-declension two-termination adjective

leve (neuter)
levior (comparative)
levissimus (superlative)
leviter (adverb)
levis (feminine masculine nominative singular)
leve (neuter nominative singular)
levēs (feminine masculine nominative plural)
levia (neuter nominative plural)
levis (feminine genitive masculine neuter singular)
levium (feminine genitive masculine neuter plural)
levī (dative feminine masculine neuter singular)
levibus (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
levem (accusative feminine masculine singular)
leve (accusative neuter singular)
levēs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
levīs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
levia (accusative neuter plural)
levī (ablative feminine masculine neuter singular)
levibus (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
levis (feminine masculine singular vocative)
leve (neuter singular vocative)
levēs (feminine masculine plural vocative)
levia (neuter plural vocative)

Balkan Romance:

Proto-Romanian: *lieu

⇒ Aromanian: lishor

⇒ Romanian: ușor

Italo-Romance:

Italian: lieve

North Italian:

Istriot: levo

desc

Romansch: lev, leav (Sutsilvan); leiv (Vallader)

Gallo-Romance:

⇒ Franco-Provençal: levet, levi

>? Old French: lief

Occitano-Romance:

Catalan: lleu

Gascon: lhèu

Old Occitan: leu

Occitan: lèu

→ Portuguese: léu

Ibero-Romance:

Old Spanish: lieve, lief (apocopic variant)

Spanish: leve (possibly influenced by Latin)

Portuguese: leve

From Proto-Italic *leɣʷis (with possible contamination from *breɣʷis), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁lengʰwih₂-, from *h₁léngʰus, from *h₁lengʷʰ- (“lightweight”). Cognates include Sanskrit लघु (laghú), Ancient Greek ἐλᾰφρός, ἐλᾰχῠ́ς (elaphrós, elakhús) and Old English lēoht (English light).

cog

ἐλᾰφρός, ἐλᾰχῠ́ς

levis armaturae Numidas

c. 52 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de Bello Gallico 2.10

(transferred sense)
(usually poetic) easy to digest

(transferred sense)
quick, swift, fleet, nimble, rapid

levis tactus

(usually poetic) slight, trifling, small

Curae leues locuntur, ingentes stupent.

c. 54 CE, Seneca the Younger, Phaedra 607

Trivial concerns talk, great ones are speechless.

(Classical Latin) light, trivial, trifling, unimportant, inconsiderable, slight, little, petty, easy, dispensable

light, light-minded, capricious, fickle, inconstant, unreliable, false

dum sedet, umbrōsae salicēs volucrēsque canōrae

While she sits, the shady willows, the songs of birds,
and the gentle murmur of the water invite slumber.

(figuratively)
(rare) mild, gentle, pleasant


levis

la-adj

lēvis (neuter lēve); third-declension two-termination adjective

lēvis (canonical)
lēve (neuter)
lēvis (feminine masculine nominative singular)
lēve (neuter nominative singular)
lēvēs (feminine masculine nominative plural)
lēvia (neuter nominative plural)
lēvis (feminine genitive masculine neuter singular)
lēvium (feminine genitive masculine neuter plural)
lēvī (dative feminine masculine neuter singular)
lēvibus (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
lēvem (accusative feminine masculine singular)
lēve (accusative neuter singular)
lēvēs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
lēvīs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
lēvia (accusative neuter plural)
lēvī (ablative feminine masculine neuter singular)
lēvibus (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
lēvis (feminine masculine singular vocative)
lēve (neuter singular vocative)
lēvēs (feminine masculine plural vocative)
lēvia (neuter plural vocative)

[ˈɫ̪eːu̯ɪs̠]

Uncertain. Possibly from Proto-Italic *lēiwis, from Proto-Indo-European *leh₁y-u- (“smooth”) and cognate to Ancient Greek λεῖος (leîos, “smooth, plain, level, hairless, soft”), Ancient Greek λίς (lís, “smooth”). Or from Proto-Indo-European *h₂leyH- (“to smear”) and cognate to Latin līmus (“mud, slime, muck”), English slime, Ancient Greek λίμνη (límnē, “marsh”).
Likely cognate to Latin oblīvīscor (“forget”).

der

levi cum sanguine Nisus labitur infelix

(literally, Classical Latin) smooth, not rough, smoothed, shining, rubbed

(poetic) youthful, delicate, beautiful; finely dressed, spruce, effeminate

(transferred sense, rare) rubbed smooth, ground down, softened, soft

(Classical Latin, rare) (of speech) smooth, flowing


manis

la-adj

mānis (neuter māne); third-declension two-termination adjective

mānis (canonical)
māne (neuter)
mānis (feminine masculine nominative singular)
māne (neuter nominative singular)
mānēs (feminine masculine nominative plural)
mānia (neuter nominative plural)
mānis (feminine genitive masculine neuter singular)
mānium (feminine genitive masculine neuter plural)
mānī (dative feminine masculine neuter singular)
mānibus (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
mānem (accusative feminine masculine singular)
māne (accusative neuter singular)
mānēs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
mānīs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
mānia (accusative neuter plural)
mānī (ablative feminine masculine neuter singular)
mānibus (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
mānis (feminine masculine singular vocative)
māne (neuter singular vocative)
mānēs (feminine masculine plural vocative)
mānia (neuter plural vocative)

From Proto-Indo-European *meh₂- (“to ripen, to mature”); related to mānus (“good”), mātūrus (“mature”), Mātūta (“goddess Dawn”).

der

(Old Latin) Alternative form of mānus (“good”)


silvestris

la-adj

silvestris (neuter silvestre); third-declension two-termination adjective

silvestre (neuter)
silvestris (feminine masculine nominative singular)
silvestre (neuter nominative singular)
silvestrēs (feminine masculine nominative plural)
silvestria (neuter nominative plural)
silvestris (feminine genitive masculine neuter singular)
silvestrium (feminine genitive masculine neuter plural)
silvestrī (dative feminine masculine neuter singular)
silvestribus (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
silvestrem (accusative feminine masculine singular)
silvestre (accusative neuter singular)
silvestrēs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
silvestrīs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
silvestria (accusative neuter plural)
silvestrī (ablative feminine masculine neuter singular)
silvestribus (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
silvestris (feminine masculine singular vocative)
silvestre (neuter singular vocative)
silvestrēs (feminine masculine plural vocative)
silvestria (neuter plural vocative)

France:

Franco-Provençal: [ʃaˈviθro]

Occitan: sauvestre (Niçard)

Old French: sevestre, sovestre

Middle French: sevest (hapax)

desc

⇒ Norman: chevrestre (crossed with chevre 'goat'?)

Italy:

⇒ Italian: salvastrella (“burnet plant”)

Piedmontese: svestru (“water salamander”)

Sardinian: silivestru (“mistletoe”)

Borrowings:

→ Catalan: silvestre

→ Galician: silvestre

→ Italian: silvestre

→ Portuguese: silvestre

→ Spanish: silvestre

[s̠ɪɫ̪ˈu̯ɛs̠t̪rɪs̠]