abnegator

la-noun

abnegātor m (genitive abnegātōris); third declension

abnegātor (canonical masculine)
abnegātōris (genitive)
abnegātor (nominative singular)
abnegātōrēs (nominative plural)
abnegātōris (genitive singular)
abnegātōrum (genitive plural)
abnegātōrī (dative singular)
abnegātōribus (dative plural)
abnegātōrem (accusative singular)
abnegātōrēs (accusative plural)
abnegātōre (ablative singular)
abnegātōribus (ablative plural)
abnegātor (singular vocative)
abnegātōrēs (plural vocative)

→ English: abnegator

[äbnɛˈɡäːt̪ɔr]

From abnegō (“refuse, deny, decline”) + -tor.


abbreviator

abbreviātor m (genitive abbreviātōris); third declension

abbreviātor (canonical masculine)
abbreviātōris (genitive)
abbreviātor (nominative singular)
abbreviātōrēs (nominative plural)
abbreviātōris (genitive singular)
abbreviātōrum (genitive plural)
abbreviātōrī (dative singular)
abbreviātōribus (dative plural)
abbreviātōrem (accusative singular)
abbreviātōrēs (accusative plural)
abbreviātōre (ablative singular)
abbreviātōribus (ablative plural)
abbreviātor (singular vocative)
abbreviātōrēs (plural vocative)

→ Norwegian Bokmål: abbreviator


abactor

abāctor m (genitive abāctōris); third declension

abāctor (canonical masculine)
abāctōris (genitive)
abāctor (nominative singular)
abāctōrēs (nominative plural)
abāctōris (genitive singular)
abāctōrum (genitive plural)
abāctōrī (dative singular)
abāctōribus (dative plural)
abāctōrem (accusative singular)
abāctōrēs (accusative plural)
abāctōre (ablative singular)
abāctōribus (ablative plural)
abāctor (singular vocative)
abāctōrēs (plural vocative)

→ English: abactor

→ Portuguese: abactor

[äˈbäːkt̪ɔr]

From abigō (“drive away”), from ab (“from, away from”) + agō (“drive”).

...meum vero Bellerophontem abactorem indubitatum cruentumque percussorem criminantes...

c. 125 CE – 180 CE, Apuleius, Metamorphoses 7.26

...and as for my Bellerophon, they accused him of being an undoubted rustler and a bloody murderer.

Abactores sunt qui unum equum, duas equas, totidemque boves, vel capram decem, aut porcos quinque abegerint.

c. 300 CE – 400 CE, Julius Paulus Prudentissimus, Pauli Sententiae V.18

Rustlers are those who drive away one stallion, two mares, as many cattle, or ten goats, or five pigs.

Abactor est fur iumentorum, et pecorum, quem vulgo abigeum vocant, ab abigendo scilicet.

c. 600 CE – 625 CE, Isidorus Hispalensis, Etymologiae 10.14

Abactor is a thief of draft animals and domestic animals, whom they call in vulgar Latin abigeus, naturally derived from abigendo.

Si vero in aquosis signis fuerint constituti, pecorum abactores efficient, insequentibus hominibus minaci semper gladio resistentes.

c. 334 CE – 337 CE, Julius Firmicus Maternus, Matheseos Libri VIII Liber VI.31.6

But if they are arranged in the water signs, they create abductors of domestic animals, opposing chasing men with an ever-threatening sword.

Virum vero abactorem bovum colentes sacra eius ad ignis transferunt potestatem, sicut propheta eius tradidit nobis dicens...

c. 343 CE – 350 CE, Julius Firmicus Maternus, De Errore Profanarum Religionum Cap V

Their sacrifices, worshipping that man, abductor of the bull (Mithras), bring power to the fires, as their prophet imparted to us, saying...


raptor

raptor m (genitive raptōris); third declension

raptōris (genitive)
raptor (nominative singular)
raptōrēs (nominative plural)
raptōris (genitive singular)
raptōrum (genitive plural)
raptōrī (dative singular)
raptōribus (dative plural)
raptōrem (accusative singular)
raptōrēs (accusative plural)
raptōre (ablative singular)
raptōribus (ablative plural)
raptor (singular vocative)
raptōrēs (plural vocative)

→ Catalan: raptor

→ English: raptor

→ Portuguese: raptor

→ Spanish: raptor

From rapiō (“seize, grab, snatch”) + -tor


accipiter

accipiter m (genitive accipitris); third declension

accipitris (genitive)
accipiter (nominative singular)
accipitrēs (nominative plural)
accipitris (genitive singular)
accipitrum (genitive plural)
accipitrī (dative singular)
accipitribus (dative plural)
accipitrem (accusative singular)
accipitrēs (accusative plural)
accipitre (ablative singular)
accipitribus (ablative plural)
accipiter (singular vocative)
accipitrēs (plural vocative)

Aragonese: astor, azor

→ Basque: aztore

→ Byzantine Greek: ξιφτέρι (xiftéri), ξεφτέρι (xeftéri), ἐξιφτέριν (exiphtérin)

→ Albanian: qift (“kite”), skifter

Catalan: astor

Corsican: altore

→ English: accipiter

desc

Old French: hostur, ostur, ostor, ostoir

French: autour

Italian: astore

Lombard: astor

Occitan: astor

Old Galician-Portuguese: açor

Galician: azor

Portuguese: açor, Açores

→ English: Azores

Sardinian: istore

Old Spanish: adtor

Spanish: azor

From Proto-Italic *akupetros, from Proto-Indo-European *HHḱu-péth₂r̥, from *HéHḱus (“swift, quick”) + *péth₂r̥ (“feather, wing”) (compare penna). The geminate -cc- is perhaps influenced by accipiō (“take, seize”). Compare with the similarly constructed Ancient Greek ὠκύπτερος (ōkúpteros, “swift-winged”), Proto-Slavic *àstrę̄bъ.

Terrētur minimō pennae strīdōre columbā,

The dove is terrified by the slightest rustle of a feather, having been wounded by your talons, hawk.


acceptor

la-noun

acceptor m (genitive acceptōris, feminine acceptrīx); third declension

acceptōris (genitive)
acceptrīx (feminine)
acceptor (nominative singular)
acceptōrēs (nominative plural)
acceptōris (genitive singular)
acceptōrum (genitive plural)
acceptōrī (dative singular)
acceptōribus (dative plural)
acceptōrem (accusative singular)
acceptōrēs (accusative plural)
acceptōre (ablative singular)
acceptōribus (ablative plural)
acceptor (singular vocative)
acceptōrēs (plural vocative)


acceptor

acceptor m (genitive acceptōris); third declension

acceptōris (genitive)
acceptor (nominative singular)
acceptōrēs (nominative plural)
acceptōris (genitive singular)
acceptōrum (genitive plural)
acceptōrī (dative singular)
acceptōribus (dative plural)
acceptōrem (accusative singular)
acceptōrēs (accusative plural)
acceptōre (ablative singular)
acceptōribus (ablative plural)
acceptor (singular vocative)
acceptōrēs (plural vocative)

(Late Latin) Alternative form of accipiter (“hawk”)


abductor

abductor m (genitive abductōris); third declension

abductōris (genitive)
abductor (nominative singular)
abductōrēs (nominative plural)
abductōris (genitive singular)
abductōrum (genitive plural)
abductōrī (dative singular)
abductōribus (dative plural)
abductōrem (accusative singular)
abductōrēs (accusative plural)
abductōre (ablative singular)
abductōribus (ablative plural)
abductor (singular vocative)
abductōrēs (plural vocative)


abdomen

abdōmen n (genitive abdōminis); third declension

abdōmen (canonical neuter)
abdōminis (genitive)
abdōmen (nominative singular)
abdōmina (nominative plural)
abdōminis (genitive singular)
abdōminum (genitive plural)
abdōminī (dative singular)
abdōminibus (dative plural)
abdōmen (accusative singular)
abdōmina (accusative plural)
abdōmine (ablative singular)
abdōminibus (ablative plural)
abdōmen (singular vocative)
abdōmina (plural vocative)

→ Catalan: abdomen

→ English: abdomen

→ French: abdomen

→ Galician: abdome

→ German: Abdomen

→ Italian: addome

→ Occitan: abdomèn

→ Norwegian Bokmål: abdomen

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: abdomen

→ Portuguese: abdómen, abdome

→ Romanian: abdomen

→ Spanish: abdomen

Of unclear origin; often suggested to be from abdō (“to hide, conceal”) + -men, though de Vaan doesn't find this convincing.


lens

lēns f (genitive lentis); third declension

lēns (canonical feminine)
lentis (genitive)
lēns (nominative singular)
lentēs (nominative plural)
lentis (genitive singular)
lentium (genitive plural)
lentī (dative singular)
lentibus (dative plural)
lentem (accusative singular)
lentim (accusative singular)
lentēs (accusative plural)
lentīs (accusative plural)
lente (ablative singular)
lentī (ablative singular)
lentibus (ablative plural)
lēns (singular vocative)
lentēs (plural vocative)

Aromanian: linti

→ Catalan: lent

Friulian: lint

→ Galician: lente

→ Italian: lente

→ Portuguese: lente

Romanian: linte

Sicilian: lenti

→ Spanish: lente

Venetian: lente

→ Dutch: lens (learned) (see there for further descendants)

→ English: lens (learned) (see there for further descendants)

→ Proto-West Germanic: *linsī (see there for further descendants)

Unknown, likely a borrowing from an unidentified source.
Compare Old High German linsa, Lithuanian lęšis, Old Church Slavonic лѧща (lęšta), and Albanian lend (Proto-Albanian *lenta), sounding too similar for a coincidence, however different enough to prohibit reconstruction of a common PIE protoform. May also be related to Ancient Greek λάθυρος (láthuros).
If ultimately a non-IE substrate loanword, locating the source is virtually impossible because cultivation of lentil was widespread in the region since the Neolithic.


lens

lēns f (genitive lendis); third declension

lēns (canonical feminine)
lendis (genitive)
lēns (nominative singular)
lendēs (nominative plural)
lendis (genitive singular)
lendum (genitive plural)
lendī (dative singular)
lendibus (dative plural)
lendem (accusative singular)
lendēs (accusative plural)
lende (ablative singular)
lendibus (ablative plural)
lēns (singular vocative)
lendēs (plural vocative)

Gallo-Romance:

Franco-Provençal: len

Old French: lent

Picard: len

Walloon: lin

Late Latin: lendis (see there for further descendants)

Unknown. According to de Vaan, perhaps a deformed form of what is found as Proto-Slavic *gňìda (“nit”), Proto-Germanic *hnits (“nit”), Ancient Greek κονίς (konís) (gen. κονίδος (konídos)), Armenian անիծ (anic, “nit”); he proposes Proto-Indo-European *dḱ(o)nid- > *dkni-n-d- > *dklind- > Proto-Italic *(d)lind-. However, like the Indo-European cognates, it may be of substrate origin.


Israel

la-proper noun

Isrāēl m sg (variously declined, genitive Isrāēl or Isrāēlis); indeclinable, third declension

Isrāēl (canonical masculine singular)
Isrāēl (genitive)
Isrāēlis (genitive)
Isrāēl (nominative singular)
Isrāēl (genitive singular)
Isrāēlis (genitive singular)
Isrāēl (dative singular)
Isrāēlī (dative singular)
Isrāēl (accusative singular)
Isrāēlem (accusative singular)
Isrāēl (ablative singular)
Isrāēle (ablative singular)
Isrāēl (singular vocative)

Asturian: Israel

Catalan: Israel

→ Old Dutch: israel

Middle Dutch: israel

desctree

Dutch: Israël
Afrikaans: Israel
→ Indonesian: Israel

→ English: Israel

French: Israël

Galician: Israel

→ German: Israel

→ Old Irish: Israhél, Israél
Irish: Iosrael
Manx: Israel
Scottish Gaelic: Iosrael

Norman: Israël

Portuguese: Israel

Romanian: Israel

Spanish: Israel

[ɪs̠ˈräːeːɫ̪]

Borrowed from Koine Greek Ἰσρᾱήλ (Isrāḗl), from Biblical Hebrew יִשְׂרָאֵל (Yiśrāʾēl). The spelling Istrāhēl, from Ἰστρᾱήλ (Istrāḗl), was predominant until the dissemination of Jerome’s Vulgate (5th century CE), which popularized Isrāhēl. The h was gradually lost thereafter.

bor+

At ille: Nequaquam, inquit, Iacob appellabitur nomen tuum, sed Israhel: quoniam si contra Deum fortis fuisti quanto magis contra homines praevalebis.

(Late Latin, Ecclesiastical Latin) Israel, another name of the patriarch Jacob

(New Latin) Israel (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East, at the eastern shore of the Mediterranean)


os

ōs (canonical neuter)
ōris (genitive)
ōs (nominative singular)
ōra (nominative plural)
ōris (genitive singular)
ōrum (genitive plural)
ōrī (dative singular)
ōribus (dative plural)
ōs (accusative singular)
ōra (accusative plural)
ōre (ablative singular)
ōribus (ablative plural)
ōs (singular vocative)
ōra (plural vocative)

→ English: os

From Proto-Italic *ōs, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃éh₁os. Cognates include Hittite 𒀀𒄿𒅖 (aiš), Sanskrit आस् (ās), Old Irish á, Old English ōr.

opprimet hanc animam flūctūs, frūstrāque precantī

Waves will crush this life, and just as I am uselessly praying, by mouth we will swallow waters soon to destroy us.
(The poet laments his storm-tossed sea voyage to exile.)

at illa venit ad eum ad vesperam portans ramum olivae virentibus foliis in ore suo intellexit ergo Noe quod cessassent aquae super terram

But it came to him in the evening carrying a green-leaved olive branch in its mouth, therefore Noah understood that the waters above the land were coming to and end.

ad aliquem ora convertere

to turn the head or face towards someone

Gorgonis os pulcherrimum cinctum anguibus revellit atque abstulit, […]

1856 translation by Charles Duke Yonge
[…] he tore off and took away a very fine head of the Gorgon with snakes for hair;

adiacebant fragmina telorum equorumque artus, simul truncis arborum antefixa ora.
1864–1877 translation by Alfred John Church and William Jackson Brodribb

Near, lay fragments of weapons and limbs of horses, and also human heads, prominently nailed to trunks of trees.

(transferred sense) (in general) head or face

“… Sī quis mihi parvulus aulā / lūderet Aenēās, quī tē tamen ōre referret, ….”
“If [only] for me someone were playing in the hall – a little Aeneas – who, although [you were gone], would recall you by his appearance, ….”

29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 4.328–329

(transferred sense) (in general) facial features, countenance, appearance

[…] primi clipeos mentitaque tela / adgnoscunt, atque ora sono discordia signant.

1697 translation by John Dryden
They first observe, and to the rest betray, / Our diff'rent speech; our borrow'd arms survey.

Dīxit et ōs impressa torō, … / ait ….

29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 4.659–660

[Dido] spoke and, having pressed her lips upon the bed, cried out: ….
(Although many translations have Dido bury her “face” in the “couch,” still others convey the symbolism of a farewell kiss. See: Fitzgerald, 1981: “And here she kissed the bed”; Ruden, 2021: “She kissed the bed”.)

mouth, lips, opening, entrance, aperture, orifice


os

ossis (genitive)
os (nominative singular)
ossa (nominative plural)
ossis (genitive singular)
ossium (genitive plural)
ossī (dative singular)
ossibus (dative plural)
os (accusative singular)
ossa (accusative plural)
osse (ablative singular)
ossibus (ablative plural)
os (singular vocative)
ossa (plural vocative)

Aragonese: güeso

Aromanian: os

Asturian: güesu

Catalan: os

Corsican: ossu

Dalmatian: vuas

Fala: osu

Franco-Provençal: ôs

French: os

Friulian: vues

Galician: óso

Istriot: uosso

Istro-Romanian: os

Italian: osso

Megleno-Romanian: uos

Mirandese: uosso

Occitan: òs

Piedmontese: òss

Portuguese: osso

Romanian: os

Romansch: ies, oss

Sardinian: ossu

Sicilian: ossu

Spanish: hueso

Venetian: oso

→ English: os

From Proto-Indo-European *h₃ésth₁ (“bone”), *h₂óst. Cognates include Ancient Greek ὀστέον (ostéon), Sanskrit अस्थि (asthi) and Old Armenian ոսկր (oskr).

“… Habēs tōtā quod mente petīstī:

29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 4.100-101

[Juno says to Venus:] “You have what you sought with all your heart: Dido burns [with] love, and it has drawn the passion through her bones.”

ārdet amāns Dīdō, trāxitque per ossa furōrem.”

ipsorum ore respondent se lassis post viam ossibus non posse de lecto surgere

By the same mouth they respond that, due to their weary bones after travel, it is not possible to arise from bed.

(figurative) bone as a metaphor for something deep within the body or frame, one’s innermost being or feeling, a generalized physical presence more than a specific anatomical location

(transferred sense) hard or innermost part of trees or fruits; heartwood

(figurative) bones, framework or outline of a discourse


comma

la-noun

comma n (genitive commatis); third declension

commatis (genitive)
comma (nominative singular)
commata (nominative plural)
commatis (genitive singular)
commatum (genitive plural)
commatī (dative singular)
commatibus (dative plural)
comma (accusative singular)
commata (accusative plural)
commate (ablative singular)
commatibus (ablative plural)
comma (singular vocative)
commata (plural vocative)

From the Ancient Greek κόμμα (kómma), from κόπτω (kóptō, “I cut”).

a comma (a division, member, or section of a period smaller than a colon)

(in grammar):
a comma (a mark of punctuation)


Niger

la-proper noun

Niger m sg (genitive Nigris); third declension

Nigris (genitive)
Niger (nominative singular)
Nigris (genitive singular)
Nigrī (dative singular)
Nigrim (accusative singular)
Nigre (ablative singular)
Niger (singular vocative)

Efficit autem hoc suo flexu, ut etiam ultra Athlantem Africa ad usque Nigrim fluuium excurrat, Plinio & Ptolemaeo.

1534, Joachim Vadianus, Epitome trium terrae partium Asiae, Africae et Europae compendiariam...

(please add an English translation of this quotation)

Niger (a major river in West Africa, that flows into the Gulf of Guinea in Nigeria)


accumulator

la-noun

accumulātor m (genitive accumulātōris); third declension

accumulātor (canonical masculine)
accumulātōris (genitive)
accumulātor (nominative singular)
accumulātōrēs (nominative plural)
accumulātōris (genitive singular)
accumulātōrum (genitive plural)
accumulātōrī (dative singular)
accumulātōribus (dative plural)
accumulātōrem (accusative singular)
accumulātōrēs (accusative plural)
accumulātōre (ablative singular)
accumulātōribus (ablative plural)
accumulātor (singular vocative)
accumulātōrēs (plural vocative)

[äkːʊmʊˈɫ̪äːt̪ɔr]


Achilles

la-proper noun

Achillēs m sg (genitive Achillis); third declension

Achillēs (canonical masculine singular)
Achillis (genitive)
Achillēs (nominative singular)
Achillis (genitive singular)
Achillī (dative singular)
Achillem (accusative singular)
Achille (ablative singular)
Achillēs (singular vocative)

[äˈkʰɪlːʲeːs̠]

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Ἀχιλλεύς (Akhilleús).


Burkina Faso

Burkīna Fasō f sg (variously declined, genitive Burkīnae Fasōnis); first declension, third declension

Burkīna Fasō (canonical feminine singular)
Burkīnae Fasōnis (genitive)
Burkīna Fasō (nominative singular)
Burkīnae Fasōnis (genitive singular)
Burkīnae Fasōnī (dative singular)
Burkīnam Fasōnem (accusative singular)
Burkīnā Fasōne (ablative singular)
Burkīna Fasō (singular vocative)
Burkīnae Fasōnī (locative singular)
Burkīnae Fasōne (locative singular)

(New Latin) Burkina Faso (a country in West Africa, formerly Upper Volta)


phoenix

la-noun

phoenīx f (genitive phoenīcis); third declension

phoenīx (canonical feminine)
phoenīcis (genitive)
phoenīx (nominative singular)
phoenīcēs (nominative plural)
phoenīcis (genitive singular)
phoenīcium (genitive plural)
phoenīcī (dative singular)
phoenīcibus (dative plural)
phoenīcem (accusative singular)
phoenīcēs (accusative plural)
phoenīcīs (accusative plural)
phoenīce (ablative singular)
phoenīcibus (ablative plural)
phoenīx (singular vocative)
phoenīcēs (plural vocative)


phoenix

phoenīx m (genitive phoenīcis); third declension

phoenīx (canonical masculine)
phoenīcis (genitive)
phoenīx (nominative singular)
phoenīcēs (nominative plural)
phoenīcis (genitive singular)
phoenīcum (genitive plural)
phoenīcī (dative singular)
phoenīcibus (dative plural)
phoenīcem (accusative singular)
phoenīcēs (accusative plural)
phoenīce (ablative singular)
phoenīcibus (ablative plural)
phoenīx (singular vocative)
phoenīcēs (plural vocative)


phoenix

la-adj

phoenīx (genitive phoenīcis); third-declension one-termination adjective (non-i-stem)

phoenīx (canonical)
phoenīcis (genitive)
phoenīx (feminine masculine neuter nominative singular)
phoenīcēs (feminine masculine nominative plural)
phoenīca (neuter nominative plural)
phoenīcis (feminine genitive masculine neuter singular)
phoenīcum (feminine genitive masculine neuter plural)
phoenīcī (dative feminine masculine neuter singular)
phoenīcibus (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
phoenīcem (accusative feminine masculine singular)
phoenīx (accusative neuter singular)
phoenīcēs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
phoenīca (accusative neuter plural)
phoenīce (ablative feminine masculine neuter singular)
phoenīcibus (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
phoenīx (feminine masculine neuter singular vocative)
phoenīcēs (feminine masculine plural vocative)
phoenīca (neuter plural vocative)


index

la-noun

index m or f (genitive indicis); third declension

indicis (genitive)
index (nominative singular)
indicēs (nominative plural)
indicis (genitive singular)
indicum (genitive plural)
indicī (dative singular)
indicibus (dative plural)
indicem (accusative singular)
indicēs (accusative plural)
indice (ablative singular)
indicibus (ablative plural)
index (singular vocative)
indicēs (plural vocative)

Catalan: enze

→ Catalan: índex

→ Czech: index

→ Danish: indeks

desctree

→ English: index
⇒ Chinese: 引得 (yǐndé)
→ Japanese: インデックス (indekkusu)

→ Esperanto: indekso

→ French: index
→ Turkish: endeks, indeks

Galician: éndez, endego

→ Galician: índice

→ German: Index

→ Hungarian: index

Italian: endice

→ Italian: indice

→ Ladin: indesc

→ Macedonian: индекс (indeks)

→ Middle Dutch: index

Dutch: index
→ Indonesian: indèks

→ Norwegian Bokmål: indeks

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: indeks

Old French: enge

French: enge

Norman: enge

→ Polish: indeks

→ Portuguese: índex, índice

→ Romanian: index, indice

→ Russian: и́ндекс (índeks)
→ Kazakh: индекс (indeks)

→ Serbo-Croatian: ѝндекс, ìndeks

→ Spanish: índex, índice

→ Swahili: index

→ Ukrainian: і́ндекс (índeks)

[ˈɪn̪d̪ɛks̠]

From in + the root of dīcere (“to indicate”) + -s. Compare iūdex.

(of books) An index, list, catalogue, table, summary, digest.

A sign, indication, proof, mark, token, index.

An informer, discoverer, director, talebearer, guide, witness, betrayer, spy.

(of paintings or statues) An inscription.


gas

la-noun

gas n (genitive gasis); third declension

gasis (genitive)
gas (nominative singular)
gasa (nominative plural)
gasis (genitive singular)
gasum (genitive plural)
gasī (dative singular)
gasibus (dative plural)
gas (accusative singular)
gasa (accusative plural)
gase (ablative singular)
gasibus (ablative plural)
gas (singular vocative)
gasa (plural vocative)

Coined by chemist Jan Baptist van Helmont (appearing in his Ortus Medicinae as an invariable noun).


humor

hūmor m (genitive hūmōris); third declension

hūmor (canonical masculine)
hūmōris (genitive)
hūmor (nominative singular)
hūmōrēs (nominative plural)
hūmōris (genitive singular)
hūmōrum (genitive plural)
hūmōrī (dative singular)
hūmōribus (dative plural)
hūmōrem (accusative singular)
hūmōrēs (accusative plural)
hūmōre (ablative singular)
hūmōribus (ablative plural)
hūmor (singular vocative)
hūmōrēs (plural vocative)

→ Asturian: humor

→ Catalan: humor

→ Czech: humor

→ Danish: humor

→ Esperanto: humuro (via descendants)

desctree

→ German: Humor
→ Norwegian: (also via English)
Bokmål: humor
Nynorsk: humor
→ Polish: humor
→ Belarusian: гу́мар (húmar)
→ Ukrainian: гу́мор (húmor)
→ Yiddish: הומאָר (humor) (probably)

⇒ Hebrew: הומור

→ Hungarian: humor

→ Ido: humuro (via descendants)

Italian: umore

Ladino: umor

→ Macedonian: хумор (humor)

→ Old Galician-Portuguese: humor, umor

Portuguese: humor

→ Old French: humor, humour (less common)
French: humeur
→ Danish: humør
Norwegian Bokmål: humør
→ Norwegian Nynorsk: humør
→ Romanian: umoare
→ Swedish: humör
→ Middle Dutch: humuere
Dutch: humeur
Negerhollands: humeer
→ Papiamentu: himeur (dated)
→ Middle English: humour, humore, umour, humor, humur, humer
English: humour, humor (US)
→⇒ Chinese:
Cantonese: 幽默 (jau¹ mak⁶)
Mandarin: 幽默 (yōumò)
→ Danish: humor
→ Icelandic: húmor
→ Dutch: humor
→ Esperanto: humuro
→ French: humour
→ Romanian: humor, umor
→ Turkish: humor
→ German: Humor (semantic loan)
→ Polish: humor
→ Yiddish: הומאָר (humor) (probably)
→ Greek: χιούμορ (chioúmor)
→ Italian: humour
→ Japanese: ユーモア (yūmoa)
→ Korean: 유머 (yumeo)
→ Norwegian: (also via German)
Bokmål: humor
Nynorsk: humor
→ Russian: ю́мор (júmor)
→ Azerbaijani: yumor
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic script: ху̀мор
Latin script: hùmor
→ Swedish: humor (semantic loan)
Scots: humour

→ Spanish: humor

Alternative spelling of ūmor found in the later Roman Empire, when the letter h had already become silent. See also the related hūmidus.


Jupiter

la-proper noun

Jūpiter m sg (genitive Jovis); third declension

Jūpiter (canonical masculine singular)
Jovis (genitive)
Jūpiter (nominative singular)
Jovis (genitive singular)
Jovī (dative singular)
Jovem (accusative singular)
Jove (ablative singular)
Jūpiter (singular vocative)


color

la-noun

color m (genitive colōris); third declension

colōris (genitive)
color (nominative singular)
colōrēs (nominative plural)
colōris (genitive singular)
colōrum (genitive plural)
colōrī (dative singular)
colōribus (dative plural)
colōrem (accusative singular)
colōrēs (accusative plural)
colōre (ablative singular)
colōribus (ablative plural)
color (singular vocative)
colōrēs (plural vocative)

Aragonese: color

Asturian: color, collor

Catalan: color m

Dalmatian: colaur

Emilian: culåur

Friulian: colôr

Italian: colore

desc

Ladin: corú, curú, culour, culëur, color, culòur

Kristang: klor

Mirandese: quelor

Old French: color f, colour

→ English: color, colour

→ Cebuano: kolor

French: couleur

Karipúna Creole French: kuló

Haitian Creole: koulè

→ Romanian: culoare

→ Danish: kulør

Norman: couleu (Jersey), couleur (Guernsey), couoleu (continental Normandy)

→ Middle Dutch: coleur

Dutch: kleur

Afrikaans: kleur

→ West Frisian: kleur

desctree

Old Galician-Portuguese: coor f
Galician: cor f
Portuguese: cor f

Old Occitan: color f
Occitan: color f

Old Spanish: color m
Spanish: color m or f

Romagnol: culòr

Romansch: colur, calur, calour, culur

desc

Sardinian: cabori, caori, colore, colori

Sicilian: culuri

Venetian: cołor

→ Welsh: colur

From earlier colōs (genitive colōris), from Proto-Italic *kelōs, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱel- (“to hide, conceal”). The nominative singular changed to color in Classical times by analogy with the oblique forms, where /r/ had regularly developed from an original intervocalic /s/.

der

tot fuerant illic, quot habet nātūra, colōrēs,
pictaque dissimilī flōre nitēbat humus.
In that place there had been so many colors – as many as nature possesses –

and the ground was radiant, having been decorated with every different flower.
(Ovid describes the field where Persephone and her attendants picked flowers.)

colour (UK), color (US); shade, hue, tint


anterior

anterius (neuter)
anterior (feminine masculine nominative singular)
anterius (neuter nominative singular)
anteriōrēs (feminine masculine nominative plural)
anteriōra (neuter nominative plural)
anteriōris (feminine genitive masculine neuter singular)
anteriōrum (feminine genitive masculine neuter plural)
anteriōrī (dative feminine masculine neuter singular)
anteriōribus (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
anteriōrem (accusative feminine masculine singular)
anterius (accusative neuter singular)
anteriōrēs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
anteriōra (accusative neuter plural)
anteriōre (ablative feminine masculine neuter singular)
anteriōribus (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
anterior (feminine masculine singular vocative)
anterius (neuter singular vocative)
anteriōrēs (feminine masculine plural vocative)
anteriōra (neuter plural vocative)

→ Catalan: anterior

→ English: anterior

→ French: antérieur

→ Galician: anterior

→ Italian: anteriore

→ Portuguese: anterior

→ Romanian: anterior

→ Spanish: anterior

Comparative form of lost adjective *anterus, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂énteros. Related to ante.

That is before, more forward, foremost; (of time) former, previous; anterior.


abalienatio

la-noun

abaliēnātiō f (genitive abaliēnātiōnis); third declension

abaliēnātiō (canonical feminine)
abaliēnātiōnis (genitive)
abaliēnātiō (nominative singular)
abaliēnātiōnēs (nominative plural)
abaliēnātiōnis (genitive singular)
abaliēnātiōnum (genitive plural)
abaliēnātiōnī (dative singular)
abaliēnātiōnibus (dative plural)
abaliēnātiōnem (accusative singular)
abaliēnātiōnēs (accusative plural)
abaliēnātiōne (ablative singular)
abaliēnātiōnibus (ablative plural)
abaliēnātiō (singular vocative)
abaliēnātiōnēs (plural vocative)

Catalan: abalienació

English: abalienation

→ French: abaliénation (learned)

→ Italian: abalienazione (learned)

→ Polish: abalienacja (learned)

→ Portuguese: abalienação (learned)

abaliēnō (“I alienate; remove, separate”) + -tiō (action noun-forming suffix)


abdicatio

la-noun

abdicātiō f (genitive abdicātiōnis); third declension

abdicātiō (canonical feminine)
abdicātiōnis (genitive)
abdicātiō (nominative singular)
abdicātiōnēs (nominative plural)
abdicātiōnis (genitive singular)
abdicātiōnum (genitive plural)
abdicātiōnī (dative singular)
abdicātiōnibus (dative plural)
abdicātiōnem (accusative singular)
abdicātiōnēs (accusative plural)
abdicātiōne (ablative singular)
abdicātiōnibus (ablative plural)
abdicātiō (singular vocative)
abdicātiōnēs (plural vocative)

Asturian: abdicación

Catalan: abdicació

English: abdication

desctree

French: abdication
→ Bulgarian: абдика́ция (abdikácija)
→ Dutch: abdicatie
Afrikaans: abdikasie
→ Indonesian: abdikasi
→ Malay: abdikasi

→ Galician: abdicación

Italian: abdicazione

Norwegian Bokmål: abdikasjon

→ Portuguese: abdicação

Romanian: abdicațiune

Spanish: abdicación

[äbd̪ɪˈkäːt̪ioː]

From abdicō (“deny, refuse; renounce”) + -tiō.


martyr

la-noun

martyr m or f (genitive martyris); third declension

martyris (genitive)
martyr (nominative singular)
martyrēs (nominative plural)
martyris (genitive singular)
martyrum (genitive plural)
martyrī (dative singular)
martyribus (dative plural)
martyrem (accusative singular)
martyrēs (accusative plural)
martyre (ablative singular)
martyribus (ablative plural)
martyr (singular vocative)
martyrēs (plural vocative)

→ Proto-Brythonic: *merθɨr (see there for further descendants)

→ Danish: martyr

→ Dutch: martelaar

→ Estonian: märter

→ Finnish: marttyyri

desctree

→ Old French: martire
French: martyr
→ Middle English: martir
Scots: mairtyr
English: martyr
→ Maori: matira
Norman: martyr

→ German: Märtyrer

→ Hungarian: mártír

→ Old Irish: martar

Old Italian: martore

→ Italian: martire

Lombard: màrtul

Neapolitan: marture

→ Norwegian: martyr

→ Old Occitan:

Catalan: màrtir

Occitan: martir

→ Old Galician-Portuguese:

Galician: mártir

Portuguese: mártir

Romanian: martor

Sardinian: màrturu

Sicilian: màrtiri

→ Scottish Gaelic: martair

→ Spanish: mártir
→ Tagalog: martir

→ Swedish: martyr

From Ancient Greek μάρτυρ (mártur), later form of μάρτυς (mártus, “witness”).

(Ecclesiastical Latin) martyr, especially a Christian martyr


pancreas

la-noun

pancreās n (genitive pancreātis); third declension

pancreās (canonical neuter)
pancreātis (genitive)
pancreās (nominative singular)
pancreātēs (nominative plural)
pancreātis (genitive singular)
pancreātum (genitive plural)
pancreātī (dative singular)
pancreātibus (dative plural)
pancreātem (accusative singular)
pancreātēs (accusative plural)
pancreāte (ablative singular)
pancreātibus (ablative plural)
pancreās (singular vocative)
pancreātēs (plural vocative)

→ English: pancreas

→ Romanian: pancreas

From Ancient Greek πάγκρεας (pánkreas), from πᾶν (pân, “all”).


alligator

alligātor m (genitive alligātōris); third declension

alligātor (canonical masculine)
alligātōris (genitive)
alligātor (nominative singular)
alligātōrēs (nominative plural)
alligātōris (genitive singular)
alligātōrum (genitive plural)
alligātōrī (dative singular)
alligātōribus (dative plural)
alligātōrem (accusative singular)
alligātōrēs (accusative plural)
alligātōre (ablative singular)
alligātōribus (ablative plural)
alligātor (singular vocative)
alligātōrēs (plural vocative)

[älːʲɪˈɡäːt̪ɔr]

[älːiˈɡäːt̪or]

Impedationem deinde sequitur alligator, cuius officium est ut rectam vitem producat in iugum.

4 CE – c. 70 CE, Columella, De Re Rustica 4.13

Translation by H. B. Ash
Then, after the propping, comes the binder, whose task it is to train the vine upright to the frame.


alligator

From English alligator, a fusion of Spanish el lagarto (“the lizard”), from Latin lacertus (“lizard”), unrelated to the sense above.

[älːʲɪˈɡäːt̪ɔr]

[älːiˈɡäːt̪or]


animal

animal n (genitive animālis); third declension

animālis (genitive)
animal (nominative singular)
animālia (nominative plural)
animālis (genitive singular)
animālium (genitive plural)
animālī (dative singular)
animālibus (dative plural)
animal (accusative singular)
animālia (accusative plural)
animālī (ablative singular)
animālibus (ablative plural)
animal (singular vocative)
animālia (plural vocative)

Aromanian: nãmalj, nãmaljiu

Corsican: animale

Dalmatian: animuol, animul

Franco-Provençal: armalye

Old French: almaille

Middle French: almaille

French: aumaille, armaille

Friulian: nemâl

Italian: animale

→ Maltese: annimal

Old Galician-Portuguese: almallo

Galician: almallo

Portuguese: almalho, alimanha, alimária

Romagnol: animêl

Romanian: nămaie

Sicilian: armali, armalu

Spanish: alimaña, almaje

Tarantino: anemale

Venetian: animal, anemal

→ Aragonese: animal

→ Asturian: animal

→ Basque: animalia

→ Breton: aneval

→ Catalan: animal

→ Franco-Provençal: animal

→ Friulian: animâl

→ Galician: animal

→ Ido: animalo (also from various others)

→ Interlingua: animal

→ Mirandese: animal

→ Occitan: animal

→ Old French: animal

Middle French: animal

French: animal

Haitian Creole: animal

→ Romanian: animal

→ Middle English: animal, animale

English: animal

→ Cebuano: animal

→ Esperanto: animalo (also from French)

→ Tok Pisin: animal

Scots: ainimal

Norman: animâ (France), annima (Jersey)

→ Portuguese: animal

Kabuverdianu: animal

Papiamentu: animal

→ Romansch: animal

→ Spanish: animal

→ Welsh: anifail

From animāle, nominative neuter singular of animālis.


calculator

calculātor m (genitive calculātōris, feminine calculātrīx); third declension

calculātor (canonical masculine)
calculātōris (genitive)
calculātrīx (feminine)
calculātor (nominative singular)
calculātōrēs (nominative plural)
calculātōris (genitive singular)
calculātōrum (genitive plural)
calculātōrī (dative singular)
calculātōribus (dative plural)
calculātōrem (accusative singular)
calculātōrēs (accusative plural)
calculātōre (ablative singular)
calculātōribus (ablative plural)
calculātor (singular vocative)
calculātōrēs (plural vocative)

[käɫ̪kʊˈɫ̪äːt̪ɔr]

computer, one versed in/teacher of arithmetic


sol

sōl m (genitive sōlis); third declension

sōl (canonical masculine)
sōlis (genitive)
sōl (nominative singular)
sōlēs (nominative plural)
sōlis (genitive singular)
sōlum (genitive plural)
sōlī (dative singular)
sōlibus (dative plural)
sōlem (accusative singular)
sōlēs (accusative plural)
sōle (ablative singular)
sōlibus (ablative plural)
sōl (singular vocative)
sōlēs (plural vocative)

Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: soari

Istro-Romanian: sore

Megleno-Romanian: soari

Romanian: soare

Dalmatian: Dalmatian: saul

Italo-Romance:

Corsican: soli

Gallurese: soli

Sassarese: sori

Italian: sole

Neapolitan: sole

Tarantino: sole

Sicilian: suli

Insular Romance:

Sardinian: sole, sobi, soi, soli

North Italian:

Gallo-Italic:

Emilian: sôl, soul, saul

Ligurian: sô

Lombard: sol, so

Piedmontese: sol, so

Romagnol: sól

Istriot: sul

Venetian: sołe

Gallo-Romance:

Catalan: sol

Franco-Provençal: sol

Old Gascon: só

Old Occitan: sol

Occitan: sol (Florac, Lastic, Creuse)

Ibero-Romance:

Aragonese: sol

Mozarabic: שול (šwl)

Old Leonese: [Term?]

Asturian: sol

Extremaduran: sol

Leonese: sol

Mirandese: sol

desctree

Old Galician-Portuguese: sol
Fala: sol
Galician: sol
Portuguese: Sol (see there for further descendants)

Spanish: sol

Vulgar Latin: *sōliculum (see there for further descendants)

Borrowings:

Proto-Brythonic: [Term?]

Cornish: Sul

Breton: Sul

Welsh: Sul

From Proto-Italic *s(u)wōl, from Proto-Indo-European *suh₂ṓl (*suh₂ól-s) ~ *suh₂l-és m (“the sun”), rebuilt s-stem from *súh₂el ~ *suh₂éns n (whence Sanskrit स्वर् (svar, “the sun”)), leveled from *sóh₂wl̥ ~ *suh₂éns (from *sh₂wéns via laryngeal metathesis). Alternatively from Proto-Italic *saul through an irregular change conditioned by -l, from Proto-Indo-European *séh₂ul.

inh

Soles occidere et redire possunt / nobis cum semel occidit brevis lux / nox est perpetua una dormienda

c. 84 BCE – 54 BCE, Catullus, Carmina 5.4–6

Suns can set and rise again / but once this brief light ends / there is endless night for us to sleep.

Fulsere quondam candidi tibi soles / cum ventitabas quo puella ducebat / amata nobis quantum amabitur nulla.

c. 84 BCE – 54 BCE, Catullus, Carmina 8.3–5

Once shined for you beautiful suns / when you went where the girl led you / loved by us like no other [girl].

(figurative, in the plural) days, period of one's life


verres

la-noun

verrēs m (genitive verris); third declension

verrēs (canonical masculine)
verris (genitive)
verrēs (nominative singular)
verrēs (nominative plural)
verris (genitive singular)
verrium (genitive plural)
verrī (dative singular)
verribus (dative plural)
verrem (accusative singular)
verrēs (accusative plural)
verrīs (accusative plural)
verre (ablative singular)
verribus (ablative plural)
verrēs (singular vocative)
verrēs (plural vocative)

Old French: ver

⇒ French: verrat

⇒ Norman: véthot

Romanian: vier

Romansch: ver, verr, vier

desc

Sardinian: berre, berri, erri, erre, verre

⇒ Vulgar Latin: *verrācus

⇒ Asturian: bracu

⇒ Spanish: verraco

⇒ Vulgar Latin: *verrea

Spanish: birria

⇒ Vulgar Latin: *verrōne(m)

Portuguese: barrão, varrão

⇒ Vulgar Latin: *verrus

Catalan: verro, verre, verri

Friulian: viru

Italian: verro

Sicilian: verru

[ˈu̯ɛrːeːs̠]

From Proto-Italic *wersēn, from Proto-Indo-European *wérsēn (“male animal”). Cognates include Sanskrit वृषन् (vṛ́ṣan), वृष (vṛṣa), Ancient Greek ἄρσην (ársēn) and Lithuanian ver̃šis.


vox clandestina

la-noun

vōx clandēstīna f (genitive vōcis clandēstīnae); third declension

vōx clandēstīna (canonical feminine)
vōcis clandēstīnae (genitive)
vōx clandēstīna (nominative singular)
vōcēs clandēstīnae (nominative plural)
vōcis clandēstīnae (genitive singular)
vōcum clandēstīnārum (genitive plural)
vōcī clandēstīnae (dative singular)
vōcibus clandēstīnīs (dative plural)
vōcem clandēstīnam (accusative singular)
vōcēs clandēstīnās (accusative plural)
vōce clandēstīnā (ablative singular)
vōcibus clandēstīnīs (ablative plural)
vōx clandēstīna (singular vocative)
vōcēs clandēstīnae (plural vocative)

[u̯oːks̠ kɫ̪än̪d̪eːs̠ˈt̪iːnä]


vox barbara

vōx barbara f (genitive vōcis barbarae); third declension

vōx barbara (canonical feminine)
vōcis barbarae (genitive)
vōx barbara (nominative singular)
vōcēs barbarae (nominative plural)
vōcis barbarae (genitive singular)
vōcum barbarārum (genitive plural)
vōcī barbarae (dative singular)
vōcibus barbarīs (dative plural)
vōcem barbaram (accusative singular)
vōcēs barbarās (accusative plural)
vōce barbarā (ablative singular)
vōcibus barbarīs (ablative plural)
vōx barbara (singular vocative)
vōcēs barbarae (plural vocative)

a barbarous word; a word which is said incorrectly


vox humana

vōx hūmāna f (genitive vōcis hūmānae); third declension

vōx hūmāna (canonical feminine)
vōcis hūmānae (genitive)
vōx hūmāna (nominative singular)
vōcēs hūmānae (nominative plural)
vōcis hūmānae (genitive singular)
vōcum hūmānārum (genitive plural)
vōcī hūmānae (dative singular)
vōcibus hūmānīs (dative plural)
vōcem hūmānam (accusative singular)
vōcēs hūmānās (accusative plural)
vōce hūmānā (ablative singular)
vōcibus hūmānīs (ablative plural)
vōx hūmāna (singular vocative)
vōcēs hūmānae (plural vocative)


pyramis

pȳramis f (genitive pȳramidis or pȳramidos); third declension

pȳramis (canonical feminine)
pȳramidis (genitive)
pȳramidos (genitive)
pȳramis (nominative singular)
pȳramidēs (nominative plural)
pȳramides (nominative plural)
pȳramidis (genitive singular)
pȳramidos (genitive singular)
pȳramidum (genitive plural)
pȳramidī (dative singular)
pȳramidibus (dative plural)
pȳramidem (accusative singular)
pȳramida (accusative singular)
pȳramidēs (accusative plural)
pȳramidas (accusative plural)
pȳramide (ablative singular)
pȳramidibus (ablative plural)
pȳramis (singular vocative)
pȳrami (singular vocative)
pȳramidēs (plural vocative)
pȳramides (plural vocative)

→ English: pyramid

→ French: pyramide

→ Galician: pirámide

→ Italian: piramide

→ Portuguese: pirâmide

→ Spanish: pirámide

Borrowed from Ancient Greek πυραμίς (puramís).


Saskatchewan

la-proper noun

Saskatchewan f sg (genitive Saskatchewanis); third declension

Saskatchewanis (genitive)
Saskatchewan (nominative singular)
Saskatchewanis (genitive singular)
Saskatchewanī (dative singular)
Saskatchewanem (accusative singular)
Saskatchewane (ablative singular)
Saskatchewan (singular vocative)
Saskatchewanī (locative singular)
Saskatchewane (locative singular)


Ontario

Ontariō f sg (genitive Ontariōnis); third declension

Ontariō (canonical feminine singular)
Ontariōnis (genitive)
Ontariō (nominative singular)
Ontariōnis (genitive singular)
Ontariōnī (dative singular)
Ontariōnem (accusative singular)
Ontariōne (ablative singular)
Ontariō (singular vocative)
Ontariōnī (locative singular)
Ontariōne (locative singular)


as

assis (genitive)
as (nominative singular)
assēs (nominative plural)
assis (genitive singular)
assium (genitive plural)
assum (genitive plural)
assī (dative singular)
assibus (dative plural)
assem (accusative singular)
assēs (accusative plural)
assīs (accusative plural)
asse (ablative singular)
assibus (ablative plural)
as (singular vocative)
assēs (plural vocative)

Catalan: as

desctree

Old French: as
Middle French: as
French: as (see there for further descendants)
→ Middle Dutch: aes
Dutch: aas
Afrikaans: aas
→ Middle English: as
English: ace (see there for further descendants)
Scots: ace

→? Italian: asso

Portuguese: ás, asse

Sicilian: asu

Spanish: as

→ English: as

→ Polish: as

Probably borrowed from Etruscan: compare lībra and nummus, also loanwords. Original meaning was 'a rectangular bronze plaque weighing a pound'.

as; a Roman coin originally made of bronze and weighing one pound, but later made of copper and reduced to two ounces, one ounce, and eventually half an ounce.

a penny, a copper (any coin of similarly low value)

any undivided unit of measurement
(with ex) a whole estate

any undivided unit of measurement
a whole estate

any circular object; a slice, disk (also of the moon)


ver

la-noun

vēr n (genitive vēris); third declension

vēr (canonical neuter)
vēris (genitive)
vēr (nominative singular)
vēra (nominative plural)
vēris (genitive singular)
vērum (genitive plural)
vērī (dative singular)
vēribus (dative plural)
vēr (accusative singular)
vēra (accusative plural)
vēre (ablative singular)
vēribus (ablative plural)
vēr (singular vocative)
vēra (plural vocative)

Old Catalan: ver

Vulgar Latin: *vēra, *vērānum (see there for further descendants)

From Proto-Italic *wezor (stem *wezn-), from Proto-Indo-European *wósr̥ (“spring”). The original Italic form gave *veror, genitive *vēnis, with -s- lost before -n- with lengthening of the preceding vowel, as is usual in Latin. The -n- of the genitive stem was then replaced by the -r- of the nominative, and the genitive stem was then extended back to the nominative.
Cognate with Ancient Greek ἔαρ (éar), Old Norse vár, Lithuanian vasara, Sanskrit वसर् (vasar, “morning”) and वसन्त (vasantá, “spring”), Persian بهار (bahâr, “spring”), Old Armenian գարուն (garun), and Russian весна́ (vesná).

Iam vēr ēgelidōs refert tepōrēs,
iam caelī furor aequinoctiālis
iūcundīs Zephyrī silēscit aurīs.
Linquantur Phrygiī, Catulle, campī
Nīcaeaeque ager ūber aestuōsae:
ad clārās Asiae volēmus urbēs.
Iam mēns praetrepidāns avet vagārī,
iam laetī studiō pedēs vigēscunt.
Ō dulcēs comitum valēte coetūs,
longē quōs simul ā domō profectōs

c. 84 BCE – 54 BCE, Catullus, Carmina 46

Translation by Wikisource
Now spring brings back the thawed-out warmth,
now the raging of the equinoctial sky
subsides with the sweet breezes of Zephyr.
Let the Phrygian plains be left behind, Catullus,
and the rich land of sweltering Nicaea:
let us fly away to the famed cities of Asia.
Now my fluttering soul yearns to wander;
now my joyful feet come alive with eagerness.
Farewell, dear bands of fellow travellers,
whom, having left home at the same time,
split paths carry home by different routes.

Vēr novum, vēr iam canōrum, vēre nātus orbis est.

c. 4th century, Tiberianus, Pervigilium Veneris 2

The spring is new, the spring is now melodious, in the spring was the world created.


icon

īcōn f (genitive īconis); third declension

īcōn (canonical feminine)
īconis (genitive)
īcōn (nominative singular)
īconēs (nominative plural)
īconis (genitive singular)
īconum (genitive plural)
īconī (dative singular)
īconibus (dative plural)
īconem (accusative singular)
īconēs (accusative plural)
īcone (ablative singular)
īconibus (ablative plural)
īcōn (singular vocative)
īconēs (plural vocative)

From Ancient Greek εἰκών (eikṓn, “likeness, image, portrait”).

der

image, artistic representation of a thing

(Medieval Latin) icon, a religious portrait


capital

la-noun

capital n (genitive capitālis); third declension

capitālis (genitive)
capital (nominative singular)
capitālia (nominative plural)
capitālis (genitive singular)
capitālium (genitive plural)
capitālī (dative singular)
capitālibus (dative plural)
capital (accusative singular)
capitālia (accusative plural)
capitālī (ablative singular)
capitālibus (ablative plural)
capital (singular vocative)
capitālia (plural vocative)

[ˈkäpɪt̪äɫ̪]

Substantive form of capitālis (“mortal, relating to the head”).

capital facere

a capital offence; a crime punishable by death, civil death, or exile


vapor

vapor m (genitive vapōris); third declension

vapōris (genitive)
vapor (nominative singular)
vapōrēs (nominative plural)
vapōris (genitive singular)
vapōrum (genitive plural)
vapōrī (dative singular)
vapōribus (dative plural)
vapōrem (accusative singular)
vapōrēs (accusative plural)
vapōre (ablative singular)
vapōribus (ablative plural)
vapor (singular vocative)
vapōrēs (plural vocative)

Asturian: vapor

Catalan: vapor

→ English: vapor

French: vapeur

Galician: vapor

Italian: vapore

Portuguese: vapor

Romanian: vapor

Spanish: vapor

From Proto-Italic *kwapōs, of uncertain ultimate origin, but possibly related to Ancient Greek καπνός (kapnós, “smoke”) and Proto-Indo-European *kʷep- (“to smoke, boil, move violently”), via an older form *quapor that eventually lost its velar. See also hope.


conductor

la-noun

conductor m (genitive conductōris, feminine conductrīx); third declension

conductōris (genitive)
conductrīx (feminine)
conductor (nominative singular)
conductōrēs (nominative plural)
conductōris (genitive singular)
conductōrum (genitive plural)
conductōrī (dative singular)
conductōribus (dative plural)
conductōrem (accusative singular)
conductōrēs (accusative plural)
conductōre (ablative singular)
conductōribus (ablative plural)
conductor (singular vocative)
conductōrēs (plural vocative)

Catalan: conductor

English: conductor

French: conducteur

Galician: conductor

Old French: conduitor

Portuguese: condutor

Romanian: conducător, conductor

Russian: конду́ктор (kondúktor)

Spanish: conductor

(physics) conductor (of heat, electricity etc)


factor

factor m (genitive factōris); third declension

factōris (genitive)
factor (nominative singular)
factōrēs (nominative plural)
factōris (genitive singular)
factōrum (genitive plural)
factōrī (dative singular)
factōribus (dative plural)
factōrem (accusative singular)
factōrēs (accusative plural)
factōre (ablative singular)
factōribus (ablative plural)
factor (singular vocative)
factōrēs (plural vocative)

Catalan: factor

Crimean Tatar: faktor

English: factor, faitour

French: facteur
→ Turkish: faktör

Friulian: fatôr

Irish: fachtóir

Italian: fattore

Occitan: factor

Old French: faitre, faitor

Portuguese: feitor, fator

Romanian: factor

Russian: фа́ктор (fáktor)

Sicilian: fatturi

Spanish: factor, hechor

Venetian: fator

From faciō (“to do, make”) + -tor (masculine agent noun suffix).

affix

Credo in unum Deum, Patrem omnipoténtem, factórem cæli et terræ

I believe in one God, the Father Almighty, maker of Heaven and earth.

One who or which does or makes something; doer, maker, performer, perpetrator, agent, player.


candor

la-noun

candor m (genitive candōris); third declension

candōris (genitive)
candor (nominative singular)
candōrēs (nominative plural)
candōris (genitive singular)
candōrum (genitive plural)
candōrī (dative singular)
candōribus (dative plural)
candōrem (accusative singular)
candōrēs (accusative plural)
candōre (ablative singular)
candōribus (ablative plural)
candor (singular vocative)
candōrēs (plural vocative)

Catalan: candor

English: candor, candour

French: candeur

Italian: candore

Portuguese: candor

Romanian: candoare

Spanish: candor

From candeō (“to shine, glitter; glow”) + -or.

af

a dazzling or glossy whiteness; clearness, radiance, brightness

(of mind or character) frankness, openness, candor, purity


interior

interius (neuter)
interior (feminine masculine nominative singular)
interius (neuter nominative singular)
interiōrēs (feminine masculine nominative plural)
interiōra (neuter nominative plural)
interiōris (feminine genitive masculine neuter singular)
interiōrum (feminine genitive masculine neuter plural)
interiōrī (dative feminine masculine neuter singular)
interiōribus (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
interiōrem (accusative feminine masculine singular)
interius (accusative neuter singular)
interiōrēs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
interiōra (accusative neuter plural)
interiōre (ablative feminine masculine neuter singular)
interiōribus (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
interior (feminine masculine singular vocative)
interius (neuter singular vocative)
interiōrēs (feminine masculine plural vocative)
interiōra (neuter plural vocative)

→ Asturian: interior

→ Catalan: interior

→ English: interior, interiour

→ French: intérieur (see there for further descendants)

→ Galician: interior

→ Italian: interiore

→ Occitan: interior

→ Portuguese: interior

→ Romanian: interior

→ Spanish: interior

From the earlier *interus (whence also intrā), from the Proto-Indo-European *h₁énteros (“inner, what is inside”). Cognates include the Sanskrit अन्तर (ántara, “interior”) and the Ancient Greek ἔντερον (énteron, “intestine, bowel”).

cog

comparative degree of inter
inner, interior


actor

la-noun

āctor m (genitive āctōris, feminine āctrīx); third declension

āctor (canonical masculine)
āctōris (genitive)
āctrīx (feminine)
āctor (nominative singular)
āctōrēs (nominative plural)
āctōris (genitive singular)
āctōrum (genitive plural)
āctōrī (dative singular)
āctōribus (dative plural)
āctōrem (accusative singular)
āctōrēs (accusative plural)
āctōre (ablative singular)
āctōribus (ablative plural)
āctor (singular vocative)
āctōrēs (plural vocative)

→ Asturian: actor

→ Catalan: actor

→ Middle English: actour

English: actor

→ Scottish Gaelic: actair

→ Welsh: actor

→ Galician: actor

→ Italian: attore

→ Middle French: acteur

desctree

→ Dutch: acteur
Afrikaans: akteur
→ Indonesian: aktor

French: acteur

→ Norman: acteur

→ Norwegian Bokmål: aktør

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: aktør

→ Russian: актёр (aktjór)
→ Azerbaijani: aktyor
→ Bashkir: актёр (aktyor)
→ Tajik: актёр (aktyor)
→ Uzbek: aktyor
→ Yiddish: אַקטיאָר (aktyor)

→ Swedish: aktör

→ Turkish: aktör

→ Occitan: actor

→ Persian: بازیگر

→ Polish: aktor

→ Portuguese: ator

→ Romanian: actor

→ Spanish: actor

Agent noun formed from āctus + -tor, perfect passive participle of agō (“do, act, make”).

actor (person who performs in a theatrical play or movie)

(law) prosecutor, plaintiff, advocate, orator


ius primae noctis

la-noun

iūs prīmae noctis n sg (genitive iūris prīmae noctis); third declension

iūs prīmae noctis (canonical neuter singular)
iūris prīmae noctis (genitive)
iūs prīmae noctis (nominative singular)
iūris prīmae noctis (genitive singular)
iūrī prīmae noctis (dative singular)
iūs prīmae noctis (accusative singular)
iūre prīmae noctis (ablative singular)
iūs prīmae noctis (singular vocative)

the right of the first night; droit de seigneur


er

ēr (canonical masculine)
ēris (genitive)
ēr (nominative singular)
ērēs (nominative plural)
ēris (genitive singular)
ērum (genitive plural)
ērī (dative singular)
ēribus (dative plural)
ērem (accusative singular)
ērēs (accusative plural)
ēre (ablative singular)
ēribus (ablative plural)
ēr (singular vocative)
ērēs (plural vocative)

From Proto-Italic *hēr, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰḗr (“hedgehog”) (whence also Ancient Greek χήρ (khḗr, “hedgehog”)), a root noun from *ǵʰer- (“to be excited, be bristly”), whence also Ancient Greek χοῖρος (khoîros, “young pig”) and Albanian derr (“pig”) from *ǵʰór-yos.


complex

la-adj

complex (genitive complicis); third-declension one-termination adjective

complicis (genitive)
complex (feminine masculine neuter nominative singular)
complicēs (feminine masculine nominative plural)
complicia (neuter nominative plural)
complicis (feminine genitive masculine neuter singular)
complicium (feminine genitive masculine neuter plural)
complicum (feminine genitive masculine neuter plural)
complicī (dative feminine masculine neuter singular)
complicibus (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
complicem (accusative feminine masculine singular)
complex (accusative neuter singular)
complicēs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
complicia (accusative neuter plural)
complicī (ablative feminine masculine neuter singular)
complicibus (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
complex (feminine masculine neuter singular vocative)
complicēs (feminine masculine plural vocative)
complicia (neuter plural vocative)

closely connected, confederate, participant

of the twelve Olympians (Jūnō, Vesta, Minerva, Cerēs, Dīana, Venus, Mārs, Mercurius, Jūpiter, Neptūnus, Vulcānus, Apollō)


complex

la-noun

complex m or f (genitive complicis); third declension

complicis (genitive)
complex (nominative singular)
complicēs (nominative plural)
complicis (genitive singular)
complicum (genitive plural)
complicī (dative singular)
complicibus (dative plural)
complicem (accusative singular)
complicēs (accusative plural)
complice (ablative singular)
complicibus (ablative plural)
complex (singular vocative)
complicēs (plural vocative)

Italian: complice

Spanish: cómplice

Portuguese: cúmplice

French: complice

→ German: Komplize

→ Romanian: complice

→ English: complice

English: accomplice


analysis

analysis f (genitive analysis or analyseōs or analysios); third declension

analysis (genitive)
analyseōs (genitive)
analysios (genitive)
analysis (nominative singular)
analysēs (nominative plural)
analyseis (nominative plural)
analysis (genitive singular)
analyseōs (genitive singular)
analysios (genitive singular)
analysium (genitive plural)
analysī (dative singular)
analysibus (dative plural)
analysim (accusative singular)
analysin (accusative singular)
analysem (accusative singular)
analysēs (accusative plural)
analysīs (accusative plural)
analysī (ablative singular)
analyse (ablative singular)
analysibus (ablative plural)
analysis (singular vocative)
analysi (singular vocative)
analysēs (plural vocative)
analyseis (plural vocative)

Catalan: anàlisi

Danish: analyse

Dutch: analyse

English: analysis

French: analyse

Romanian: analiză

German: Analyse

Indonesian: analisis

Irish: anailís

Italian: analisi

Norwegian Bokmål: analyse

Occitan: analisi

Portuguese: análise

Russian: ана́лиз m (análiz)

Swedish: analys

Spanish: análisis m

Tagalog: análisís

[äˈnälʲʏs̠ɪs̠]

From Ancient Greek ἀνάλυσις (análusis), from ἀναλύω (analúō, “I unravel, investigate”), from ἀνά (aná, “on, up”) + λύω (lúō, “I loosen”).


basis

basis f (genitive basis); third declension

basis (genitive)
basis (nominative singular)
basēs (nominative plural)
basis (genitive singular)
basium (genitive plural)
basī (dative singular)
basibus (dative plural)
basim (accusative singular)
basēs (accusative plural)
basīs (accusative plural)
basī (ablative singular)
basibus (ablative plural)
basis (singular vocative)
basēs (plural vocative)

→ Asturian: base

→ Catalan: base

→ Danish: basis

→ Dutch: basis, base

→ Indonesian: basis, basa

→ English: basis

→ Dutch: base
→ Indonesian: basa

→ English: base

→ Finnish: basis

→ Galician: base

→ German: Basis

⇒ German: Base

→ Italian: base

→ Macedonian: база (baza)

→ Norwegian:

Norwegian Bokmål: basis

Norwegian Nynorsk: basis

desctree

Old French: base
French: base
→ Czech: báze
→ Danish: base
→ Icelandic: basi m
→ Norwegian:
→ Norwegian Bokmål: base
→ Norwegian Nynorsk: base
→ Romanian: bază
→ Russian: база (baza)
→ Armenian: բազա (baza)
→ Azerbaijani:
Cyrillic script: база
Latin script: baza
→ Crimean Tatar:
Cyrillic script: база
Latin script: baza
→ Georgian: ბაზა (baza)
→ Kazakh:
Arabic script: بازا (baza)
Cyrillic script: база (baza)
→ Mongolian:
Mongolian script: [Term?]
Cyrillic script: бааз (baaz)
→ Tuvan: бааза (baaza)
⇒ French: baser
→ Dutch: baseren
→ Norwegian:
Norwegian Bokmål: basere
Norwegian Nynorsk: basere
→ Romanian: baza
→ Middle English: base, bace, bas, baas, basse
English: base
Scots: base

→ Polish: baza

→ Portuguese: base

→ Russian: ба́за (báza), ба́зис (bázis)

→ Armenian: բազա (baza)

→ Azerbaijani: baza

→ Kazakh: база (baza)

→ Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic: ба́за

Latin: báza

→ Slovene: bāza

→ Spanish: base

→ Swedish: bas

→ Turkish: baz

→ Ukrainian: ба́за (báza)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek βᾰ́σῐς (básis, “stepping, step; foot; base, pedestal”).

bor

aliquem cum basī suā mētīrī
to give false measure, to estimate too high

(literally, “to measure a pillar together with its pedestal”)

... huic etiam Romae videmus in basi statuarum maximis litteris incisum, A COMMVNI SICILIAE DATAS.

70 BCE, Cicero, In Verrem, volume 2.2, archived from the original on 2022-02-03, section 154

... we see in his honor, even in Rome, GIVEN BY THE COMMUNITY OF SICILY carved on the base of statues in huge letters.

... et erunt tibi conpedes in protectionem fortitudinis et bases virtutis et torques illius in stolam gloriae ...

c. 400 CE [c. 200–175 BCE], Ben Sira, translated by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus, Vulgate, translation of original in Biblical Hebrew, archived from the original on 2021-07-11, Sirach 6.30

... and its [wisdom's] fetters will become a strong protection and the foundations of virtue for you, and its chain will become a glorious robe ...

(literal) a pedestal, foot, base
(figurative) a foundation

Illud vero (ab Aristotele animadversum, a quo pleraque) quis potest non mirari: grues cum loca calidiora petentes maria transmittant, trianguli efficere formam; eius autem summo angulo aer ab is adversus pellitur, deinde sensim ab utroque latere, tamquam remis, ita pinnis cursus avium levatur; basis autem trianguli, quam efficiunt grues, ea tamquam a puppi ventis adiuvatur; eaeque in tergo praevolantium colla et capita reponunt; quod quia ipse dux facere non potest, quia non habet, ubi nitatur, revolat, ut ipse quoque quiescat; in eius locum succedit ex his, quae adquierunt, eaque vicissitudo in omni cursu conservatur.

45 BCE, Cicero, De Natura Deorum, volume 2, section 125

Really, who can not be surprised by this (noticed by Aristotle, from whom comes most of this): that cranes, when they cross the seas looking for warmer places, make the shape of a triangle; for the air is pushed away from them by the top angle, then gradually on each side, as by oars, so the birds' course is elevated by the wings; as for the base of the triangle that cranes make, it is helped as though by winds from the stern; and they put their necks and heads in the back of those flying before them; because the leader itself cannot do this, because it doesn't have one, when it strains itself, it flies back, so that it can also rest; one of those which were resting behind it takes its place, and this changing of places is kept up for the whole journey.

(geometry) the base of a triangle, chord of an arc

(architecture) the lowest part of the shaft of a column


apex

la-noun

apex m (genitive apicis); third declension

apicis (genitive)
apex (nominative singular)
apicēs (nominative plural)
apicis (genitive singular)
apicum (genitive plural)
apicī (dative singular)
apicibus (dative plural)
apicem (accusative singular)
apicēs (accusative plural)
apice (ablative singular)
apicibus (ablative plural)
apex (singular vocative)
apicēs (plural vocative)

→ Catalan: àpex

→ English: apex

→ French: apex

→ Galician: ápice

→ German: Apex

→ Italian: apice

→ Portuguese: ápice, ápex

→ Romanian: apex

→ Spanish: ápice, ápex

From Proto-Italic *apeks, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ep- (“to join, fit”). Cognate with Latin apō (“to fasten, join, tie to”).

der

The extreme end of a thing; the point, summit, top.

(literally) The small rod (generally of olive wood) at the top of the flamen's cap, wound around with a woolen cord or "thread".

The conical leathern cap of an ancient Roman priest (the Flamen), ornamented with this rod.

(transferred sense):
Any hat or helmet; a crown.

(literally) A projecting point or summit.

(figurative) The highest ornament or honor; the crown of a thing.

(grammar) The macron (long mark over a vowel).

The macron (long mark over a vowel).
The forms or outlines of the letters.

(transferred sense):
A letter or any other writing.

(Ecclesiastical Latin, figurative) (of the point or apex of a Hebrew letter) The least particle, tittle.


ibex

la-noun

ībex m (genitive ībicis); third declension

ībex (canonical masculine)
ībicis (genitive)
ībex (nominative singular)
ībicēs (nominative plural)
ībicis (genitive singular)
ībicum (genitive plural)
ībicī (dative singular)
ībicibus (dative plural)
ībicem (accusative singular)
ībicēs (accusative plural)
ībice (ablative singular)
ībicibus (ablative plural)
ībex (singular vocative)
ībicēs (plural vocative)

Asturian: robizu, rebezu

English: ibex

Galician: rebezo

Romanian: ibex

Spanish: ibex, íbice, rebeco, robezo

Loanword of uncertain origin; suggested to be from a pre-Latin substrate language spoken in the Alps, as the ibex is native to the mountain range. If an Indo-European language, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *(h₁)ebʰ- (“climbing”).
Or, possibly of Iberian or Aquitanian origin.


lynx

lynx m or f (genitive lyncis); third declension

lyncis (genitive)
lynx (nominative singular)
lyncēs (nominative plural)
lyncis (genitive singular)
lyncum (genitive plural)
lyncī (dative singular)
lyncibus (dative plural)
lyncem (accusative singular)
lyncēs (accusative plural)
lynce (ablative singular)
lyncibus (ablative plural)
lynx (singular vocative)
lyncēs (plural vocative)

→ Asturian: lince

→ Breton: lińs

→ Catalan: linx

→ Middle Dutch: linx

Dutch: lynx

desctree

→ Middle English: lynx, linx, lenx
English: lynx
Scots: lynx (obsolete)

→ Esperanto: linko

French: once

→ Portuguese: onça

→ French: lynx

→ Romanian: linx

→ Friulian: linç

→ Galician: lince

→ Ido: linco

→ Interlingua: lynce

→ Irish: lincse

Italian: lonza; → lince

→ Occitan: linx

→ Portuguese: lince, lynce (obsolete)

→ Quechua: linsi

→ Sardinian: linci, lintze

→ Scottish Gaelic: lioncs

→ Sicilian: linci

→ Spanish: lince

→ Swahili: linksi

→ Venetian: lenze

→ Welsh: lyncs

→ West Frisian: lynks

Colla lyncum.

Quin et Prometheus et Pelopis parens
dulci laborem decipitur sono
nec curat Orion leones
aut timidos agitare lyncas
Prometheus too and Pelops' sire
In listening lose the sense of woe;

Carmina (also Odes) by Horace (Latin text with English translations)


rumor

la-noun

rūmor m (genitive rūmōris); third declension

rūmor (canonical masculine)
rūmōris (genitive)
rūmor (nominative singular)
rūmōrēs (nominative plural)
rūmōris (genitive singular)
rūmōrum (genitive plural)
rūmōrī (dative singular)
rūmōribus (dative plural)
rūmōrem (accusative singular)
rūmōrēs (accusative plural)
rūmōre (ablative singular)
rūmōribus (ablative plural)
rūmor (singular vocative)
rūmōrēs (plural vocative)

Catalan: remor, rumor

Dutch: rumoer

English: rumour, rumor

French: rumeur

Friulian: romôr

Galician: rumor

Italian: rumore

Piedmontese: rumor

Portuguese: rumor

Romanian: rumoare

Sicilian: rumuri

Spanish: rumor

Venetian: rumor

From Proto-Italic *roumōs, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃rewH- (“to shout, to roar”).


octopus

la-noun

octōpūs m (genitive octōpodis); third declension

octōpūs (canonical masculine)
octōpodis (genitive)
octōpūs (nominative singular)
octōpodēs (nominative plural)
octōpodis (genitive singular)
octōpodum (genitive plural)
octōpodī (dative singular)
octōpodibus (dative plural)
octōpodem (accusative singular)
octōpodēs (accusative plural)
octōpode (ablative singular)
octōpodibus (ablative plural)
octōpūs (singular vocative)
octōpodēs (plural vocative)

From Ancient Greek ὀκτώπους (oktṓpous, “eight feet”).

der

Jam vero testa in hac familia sola universalis pars est, Octopodis tantum exceptis.

1825, Willem de Haan, Monographiæ ammoniteorum et goniatiteorum specimen, page 10

Now truly a shell is a part universal in this single family, octopus the notable exception.


laser

la-noun

lāser n (genitive lāseris); third declension

lāser (canonical neuter)
lāseris (genitive)
lāser (nominative singular)
lāsera (nominative plural)
lāseris (genitive singular)
lāserum (genitive plural)
lāserī (dative singular)
lāseribus (dative plural)
lāser (accusative singular)
lāsera (accusative plural)
lāsere (ablative singular)
lāseribus (ablative plural)
lāser (singular vocative)
lāsera (plural vocative)

Laser e silphio profluens.

Cuius sucus laser vocatur.

Whose juice is called the juice of the laserpitium.

the juice of the plant laserpitium, asafoetida

Lasaris radix.

(New Latin) A device that produces laser


penis

pēnis m (genitive pēnis); third declension

pēnis (canonical masculine)
pēnis (genitive)
pēnis (nominative singular)
pēnēs (nominative plural)
pēnis (genitive singular)
pēnium (genitive plural)
pēnī (dative singular)
pēnibus (dative plural)
pēnem (accusative singular)
pēnēs (accusative plural)
pēnīs (accusative plural)
pēne (ablative singular)
pēnibus (ablative plural)
pēnis (singular vocative)
pēnēs (plural vocative)

→ Albanian: penis

→ Catalan: penis

→ English: penis

→ French: pénis

→ German: Penis

→ Interlingua: pene, penis

Italian: pene

→ Korean: 페니스 (peniseu)

→ Japanese: ペニス (penisu)

desc

→ Portuguese: pénis, pênis (Brazil) (learned)

Romanian: penis

→ Russian: пе́нис (pénis)

Spanish: pene

From Proto-Italic *peznis, from Proto-Indo-European *pes-ni-s, from *pes- (“penis”). Cognate with Ancient Greek πέος (péos), Sanskrit पसस् (pásas), Old English fæsl. For discussion of phonetic conflation between this word and penna (“wing, feather”), see de Vaan.


dictator

la-noun

dictātor m (genitive dictātōris); third declension

dictātor (canonical masculine)
dictātōris (genitive)
dictātor (nominative singular)
dictātōrēs (nominative plural)
dictātōris (genitive singular)
dictātōrum (genitive plural)
dictātōrī (dative singular)
dictātōribus (dative plural)
dictātōrem (accusative singular)
dictātōrēs (accusative plural)
dictātōre (ablative singular)
dictātōribus (ablative plural)
dictātor (singular vocative)
dictātōrēs (plural vocative)

Catalan: dictador

desctree

French: dictateur
→ Persian: دیکتاتور (diktâtor)
→ Turkish: diktatör

Galician: ditador

Italian: dittatore

Piedmontese: ditator

Portuguese: ditador

Romanian: dictator

Sicilian: dittaturi

Spanish: dictador
→ Cebuano: diktador
→ Tagalog: diktador
→ Yogad: diktador

→ Albanian: diktator

→ Arabic: دِكْتَاتُور (diktātūr)

→ Bulgarian: дикта́тор (diktátor)

→ Czech: diktátor

→ Danish: diktator

→ Dutch: dictator
Afrikaans: diktator

→ English: dictator, dictatour (obsolete)
→ Hindi: डिक्टेटर (ḍikṭeṭar)
→ Pashto: ديکتاتور (diktātor), ډيکټاټور (ḍikṭaṭor)
→ Swahili: dikteta
→ Urdu: ڈِکْٹیٹَر (ḍikṭeṭar)

→ Esperanto: diktatoro

→ Estonian: diktaator

→ Finnish: diktaattori

→ German: Diktator

→ Greek: δικτάτορας (diktátoras)

desc

דִּיקְטָטוּר

→ Hebrew: דִּיקְטָטוּר (diktator)

→ Hungarian: diktátor

→ Latvian: diktators

→ Lithuanian: diktatorius

→ Macedonian: дикта́тор (diktátor)

→ Malay: diktator

→ Norwegian Bokmål: diktator

→ Polish: dyktator

desctree

→ Russian: дикта́тор (diktátor)
→ Armenian: դիկտատոր (diktator)
→ Azerbaijani: diktator
→ Belarusian: дыкта́тар (dyktátar)
→ Georgian: დიქტატორი (dikṭaṭori)
→ Kazakh: диктатор (diktator)
→ Kyrgyz: диктатор (diktator)
→ Tajik: диктатор (diktator)
→ Turkmen: diktator
→ Ukrainian: дикта́тор (dyktátor)
→ Uyghur: دىكتاتور (diktator)
→ Uzbek: diktator

→ Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: дѝкта̄тор

Latin script: dìktātor

→ Slovak: diktátor

→ Slovene: diktator

→ Swedish: diktator

→ Yiddish: דיקטאַטאָר (diktator)

[d̪ɪkˈt̪äːt̪ɔr]


doctor

la-noun

doctor m (genitive doctōris, feminine doctrīx or doctorissa); third declension

doctōris (genitive)
doctrīx (feminine)
doctorissa (feminine)
doctor (nominative singular)
doctōrēs (nominative plural)
doctōris (genitive singular)
doctōrum (genitive plural)
doctōrī (dative singular)
doctōribus (dative plural)
doctōrem (accusative singular)
doctōrēs (accusative plural)
doctōre (ablative singular)
doctōribus (ablative plural)
doctor (singular vocative)
doctōrēs (plural vocative)

Emilian: dutåur

Friulian: dotôr

Italo-Dalmatian

Dalmatian: dotuar

Italian: dottore

Sicilian: dutturi

→ Maltese: dottor

Old Galician-Portuguese: doutor

Galician: doutor

Portuguese: doutor

Sardinian: duttore, datori

Venetian: dotor
→ Cimbrian: dotóar

Borrowed terms

→ Albanian: doktor

→ Arabic: دُكْتُور (doktōr, duktūr)

Egyptian Arabic: دُكْتُور (duktūr)

Hijazi Arabic: دُكْتور (duktōr)

→ Armenian: դոկտոր (doktor)

→ Asturian: doctor

→ Belarusian: доктар (dóktar)

→ Bulgarian: доктор (doktor)

→ Catalan: doctor

→ Central Kurdish: دکتۆر (diktor)

→ Czech: doktor

→ Danish: doktor

→ Estonian: doktor

→ Faroese: doktari

→ Georgian: დოქტორი (dokṭori)

desctree

→ German: Doktor, Doctor (obsolete); Dr. (abbreviation)
→ Romanian: doctor

→ German Low German: Dokter

→ Hungarian: doktor

→ Icelandic: doktor

→ Indonesian: doktor

→ Irish: dochtúir

→ Luxembourgish: Dokter

→ Middle Dutch: doctor

Dutch: doctor
Afrikaans: doktor
→ Indonesian: doktor

Dutch: dokter
Afrikaans: dokter
Jersey Dutch: dâktor
Negerhollands: doktu, dokter
→ Caribbean Hindustani: dáktar
→ Caribbean Javanese: dhokter
→ Indonesian: dokter
→ Balinese: ᬤᭀᬓ᭄ᬢᭂᬃ (dokter)
→ Javanese: ꦝꦺꦴꦏ꧀ꦠꦼꦂ (dhokter)
→ Minangkabau: doto, dotor
→ Nias: doto
→ Sundanese: ᮓᮧᮊ᮪ᮒᮨᮁ (dokter)
→ Ternate: dokter
→ Papiamentu: dòkter, dòchter, dòktu, dokter
→ Sranan Tongo: datra
→ Aukan: dataa
→ Kari'na: datra
→ Trió: ratra

Limburgish: dókter

→ Latvian: doktors

→ Lithuanian: daktaras

→ Macedonian: доктор (doktor)

→ Norwegian Bokmål: doktor

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: doktor

→ Old French: doctur, docteur
Anglo-Norman: doctour
→ Middle English: doctour, doctor
English: doctor (see there for further descendants)
Scots: doctor
French: docteur
→ Arabic: دُكْتور (doktōr)
→ Kaba: dòktórò
→ Persian: دکتر (doktor)
→ Turkish: doktor
→ Ladino: doktor
→ Vietnamese: đốc-tờ
Norman: docteu
Walloon: docteur

→ Old Czech: doktor (learned)
Czech: doktor

→ Old Polish: doktor (learned)
Polish: doktor, doktór (regional or colloquial)
→ Kashubian: doktór
Silesian: dŏchtōr

→ Russian: до́ктор (dóktor) (see there for further descendants)

→ Saterland Frisian: Dokter

→ Serbo-Croatian: doktor / доктор

→ Slovak: doktor

→ Slovene: doktor

→ Spanish: doctor, Dr., dostor, dotor
→ Tagalog: doktor
→ Yaqui: takter

→ Swedish: doktor, (Abbreviations) d:r, dr, dr.
→ Finnish: tohtori

→ Ukrainian: доктор (doktor)

→ Vilamovian: dökter

→ Welsh: doethur

→ Yiddish: דאָקטאָר (doktor)

[…] et validos partim prae se misere leones
cum doctoribus armatis saevisque magistris

c. 99 BCE – 55 BCE, Lucretius, De rerum natura 5.1310–1312

[…] and some let out before them strong lions,
with armed trainers and fierce masters
to manage them and hold them in restraints,

qui moderarier his possent vinclisque tenere,

(Ecclesiastical Latin) catechist, Doctor of the Church


sal

la-noun

sāl m or n (genitive salis); third declension

sāl (canonical masculine neuter)
salis (genitive)
sāl (nominative singular)
salēs (nominative plural)
salis (genitive singular)
salum (genitive plural)
salī (dative singular)
salibus (dative plural)
salem (accusative singular)
sāl (accusative singular)
salēs (accusative plural)
sale (ablative singular)
salibus (ablative plural)
sāl (singular vocative)
salēs (plural vocative)

Aromanian: sari, sare

Asturian: sal

Catalan: sal

Corsican: sale

Franco-Provençal: sâl

Friulian: sâl

Istriot: sal

Italian: sale m

Lombard: saa

Megleno-Romanian: sari

Mirandese: sal

Occitan: sal, sau

Gallo-Italic of Sicily: sau f

desctree

Old French: sel m
Middle French: sel
French: sel
Norman: sé, saïl
Walloon: sé

Old Galician-Portuguese: sal m
Galician: sal m
Portuguese: sal m (see there for further descendants)

Old Spanish: sal f
Spanish: sal f (see there for further descendants)

Piedmontese: sal

Romagnol: sêl

Romanian: sare f

Romansch: sal, sel

Sardinian: sale

Sicilian: sali

Venetian: sal, sałe

From Proto-Italic *sāls, from Proto-Indo-European *séh₂ls.
Cognates include Sanskrit सर (sará), Old Armenian աղ (ał), Ancient Greek ἅλς (háls), Tocharian A sāle, Old English sealt (English salt), Proto-Slavic *solь and borrowed into Etruscan 𐌀𐌋𐌑𐌀𐌔𐌄 (alśase).

sāl petrae

stone salt; that is, found as an incrustation

cum grānō salis

ante, deōs hominī quod conciliāre valēret,

1851 translation by H. T. Riley
In days of old, it was plain spelt, and the sparkling grain of unadulterated salt that had efficacy to render the gods propitious to man.

vēla dabant laetī, et spūmās salis aere ruēbant

[The Trojans] were gladly spreading their sails, and churning the foam of the salt water with their bronze [prows].


hallux

la-noun

hallux m (genitive hallucis); third declension

hallucis (genitive)
hallux (nominative singular)
hallucēs (nominative plural)
hallucis (genitive singular)
hallucum (genitive plural)
hallucī (dative singular)
hallucibus (dative plural)
hallucem (accusative singular)
hallucēs (accusative plural)
halluce (ablative singular)
hallucibus (ablative plural)
hallux (singular vocative)
hallucēs (plural vocative)

→ Catalan: hàllux

→ English: hallux

→ Italian: alluce

→ Portuguese: hálux

→ Spanish: hallux

[ˈhälːʲʊks̠]

There is a relation to hallus and allex. Might be a conflation of both. The word-initial h might stem from an assumed connection with ἅλλομαι (hállomai).


far

far n (genitive farris); third declension

farris (genitive)
far (nominative singular)
farra (nominative plural)
farris (genitive singular)
farrum (genitive plural)
farrī (dative singular)
farribus (dative plural)
far (accusative singular)
farra (accusative plural)
farre (ablative singular)
farribus (ablative plural)
far (singular vocative)
farra (plural vocative)

Franco-Provençal: far

Galician: farelo

Italian: farro
→ English: farro

Portuguese: farelo

Sicilian: farru

→ English: far

Derived from Proto-Italic *fars (“flour, grain”), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *bʰars-, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰers- (“spike, prickle”); compare Welsh bara (“bread”), English barley, Serbo-Croatian brȁšno (“flour”), Albanian bar (“grass”), Ancient Greek Φηρῶν (Phērôn, “plant deity”).

cog

Ante, deos homini quod conciliare valeret, / far erat et puri lucida mica salis.
Of old, the means to win the goodwill of the gods were far and sparkling grains of pure salt.
― Fay Glinister, “Festus and Ritual Foodstuffs” p. 220

Wikispecies:Triticum turgidum subsp. dicoccon

Triticum spelta
Triticum spelta#Translingual

farro, a type of hulled wheat. (Most likely emmer (Triticum dicoccum or Triticum turgidum subsp. dicoccon) but often mistranslated as spelt (Triticum spelta))


neutron

la-noun

neutron m (genitive neutrōnis); third declension

neutrōnis (genitive)
neutron (nominative singular)
neutrōnēs (nominative plural)
neutrōnis (genitive singular)
neutrōnum (genitive plural)
neutrōnī (dative singular)
neutrōnibus (dative plural)
neutrōnem (accusative singular)
neutrōnēs (accusative plural)
neutrōne (ablative singular)
neutrōnibus (ablative plural)
neutron (singular vocative)
neutrōnēs (plural vocative)


proton

prōton m (genitive prōtōnis); third declension

prōton (canonical masculine)
prōtōnis (genitive)
prōton (nominative singular)
prōtōnēs (nominative plural)
prōtōnis (genitive singular)
prōtōnum (genitive plural)
prōtōnī (dative singular)
prōtōnibus (dative plural)
prōtōnem (accusative singular)
prōtōnēs (accusative plural)
prōtōne (ablative singular)
prōtōnibus (ablative plural)
prōton (singular vocative)
prōtōnēs (plural vocative)

From the neuter form πρῶτον (prôton) of Ancient Greek πρῶτος (prôtos, “first”).


locator

locātor m (genitive locātōris); third declension

locātor (canonical masculine)
locātōris (genitive)
locātor (nominative singular)
locātōrēs (nominative plural)
locātōris (genitive singular)
locātōrum (genitive plural)
locātōrī (dative singular)
locātōribus (dative plural)
locātōrem (accusative singular)
locātōrēs (accusative plural)
locātōre (ablative singular)
locātōribus (ablative plural)
locātor (singular vocative)
locātōrēs (plural vocative)

[ɫ̪ɔˈkäːt̪ɔr]

letter, lessor (person who lets or hires)


genitor

genitor m (genitive genitōris, feminine genetrīx or genitrīx); third declension

genitōris (genitive)
genetrīx (feminine)
genitrīx (feminine)
genitor (nominative singular)
genitōrēs (nominative plural)
genitōris (genitive singular)
genitōrum (genitive plural)
genitōrī (dative singular)
genitōribus (dative plural)
genitōrem (accusative singular)
genitōrēs (accusative plural)
genitōre (ablative singular)
genitōribus (ablative plural)
genitor (singular vocative)
genitōrēs (plural vocative)

English: genitor

French: géniteur

Friulian: genitôr

Ido: genitoro

Italian: genitore

Ladino: jenitor (זﬞיניטור)

Portuguese: genitor

Romansch: genitur

Sicilian: genituri, ginituri

Spanish: genitor

From Proto-Indo-European *ǵénh₁tōr (“parent”). Equivalent to genō + -tor.

subiit cārī genitōris imāgō

“the thought of [my] dear father came to mind”

ecce deûm genitor rutilās per nūbila flammās spargit

Behold the father of the gods scattering his reddening flames through the clouds

parent, father, sire, begetter, procreator


box

bōx m (genitive bōcis); third declension

bōx (canonical masculine)
bōcis (genitive)
bōx (nominative singular)
bōcēs (nominative plural)
bōcis (genitive singular)
bōcum (genitive plural)
bōcī (dative singular)
bōcibus (dative plural)
bōcem (accusative singular)
bōcēs (accusative plural)
bōce (ablative singular)
bōcibus (ablative plural)
bōx (singular vocative)
bōcēs (plural vocative)


fox

fōx f (genitive fōcis); third declension

fōx (canonical feminine)
fōcis (genitive)
fōx (nominative singular)
fōcēs (nominative plural)
fōcis (genitive singular)
fōcium (genitive plural)
fōcī (dative singular)
fōcibus (dative plural)
fōcem (accusative singular)
fōcēs (accusative plural)
fōcīs (accusative plural)
fōce (ablative singular)
fōcibus (ablative plural)
fōx (singular vocative)
fōcēs (plural vocative)

Italo-Romance:

Italian: fóce

Sicilian: fuci

North Italian:

Friulian: fôs

Lombard: fos

Venetian: fuoza

Insular Romance:

desc

Sardinian: foche, foghe (Logudorese); foxi (Campidanese)

Gallo-Romance:

Catalan: fou

Occitan: foz

Ibero-Romance:

Aragonese: foz

Galician: foz

Portuguese: foz

Old Spanish: foç ⇒ fozino

Spanish: hoz, hocino

Alternative form of faux (“throat, gorge”)


rhinoceros

la-noun

rhīnocerōs m (genitive rhīnocerōtis); third declension

rhīnocerōs (canonical masculine)
rhīnocerōtis (genitive)
rhīnocerōs (nominative singular)
rhīnocerōtēs (nominative plural)
rhīnocerōtis (genitive singular)
rhīnocerōtum (genitive plural)
rhīnocerōtī (dative singular)
rhīnocerōtibus (dative plural)
rhīnocerōta (accusative singular)
rhīnocerōtem (accusative singular)
rhīnocerōtas (accusative plural)
rhīnocerōtēs (accusative plural)
rhīnocerōte (ablative singular)
rhīnocerōtibus (ablative plural)
rhīnocerōs (singular vocative)
rhīnocerōtēs (plural vocative)

From Ancient Greek ῥῑνόκερως (rhīnókerōs).

A nickname for someone with a long nose.


masseter

massētēr m (genitive massētēris); third declension

massētēr (canonical masculine)
massētēris (genitive)
massētēr (nominative singular)
massētērēs (nominative plural)
massētēris (genitive singular)
massētērum (genitive plural)
massētērī (dative singular)
massētēribus (dative plural)
massētērem (accusative singular)
massētērēs (accusative plural)
massētēre (ablative singular)
massētēribus (ablative plural)
massētēr (singular vocative)
massētērēs (plural vocative)

→ English: masseter

Borrowed from Ancient Greek μᾰσητήρ (masētḗr, “chewer”), from μᾰσᾰ́ομαι (masáomai, “chew”) + -τήρ (-tḗr, “-er, -or”).


ile

īle (canonical neuter)
īlis (genitive)
īle (nominative singular)
īlia (nominative plural)
īlis (genitive singular)
īlium (genitive plural)
īlī (dative singular)
īlibus (dative plural)
īle (accusative singular)
īlia (accusative plural)
īlī (ablative singular)
īlibus (ablative plural)
īle (singular vocative)
īlia (plural vocative)

→ Albanian: ijë

French: iles

Romanian: ie

⇒ Vulgar Latin: *iliaris

Galician: illar

Old Spanish: ixar

Spanish: ijar, ijal

Portuguese: ilhal

Sardinian: iğğáre, illári

⇒ Vulgar Latin: *iliarica

Galician: illarga

Portuguese: ilharga

⇒ Vulgar Latin: *iliata

Catalan: illada

Spanish: ijada

desctree

→ French: jade
→ Catalan: jade
→ English: jade
→ German: Jade
→ Italian: giada
→ Portuguese: jade
→ Romanian: jad
→ Spanish: jade

Most likely from Ancient Greek εἰλεός (eileós, “colic”), from εἰλέω (eiléō, “throng, press”), from Proto-Indo-European *welH- (“turn, wind, round”), same source as with Old Armenian գելում (gelum).

der

(chiefly in the plural, anatomy) the part of the abdomen extending from the lowest ribs to the pubes; the groin, flank

(chiefly in the plural, anatomy, zootomy) intestines, guts, entrails

(chiefly in the plural) the belly or body of a vessel

(in the singular) private parts, genitals


mare

la-noun

mare n (genitive maris); third declension

maris (genitive)
mare (nominative singular)
maria (nominative plural)
maris (genitive singular)
marium (genitive plural)
marum (genitive plural)
marī (dative singular)
maribus (dative plural)
mare (accusative singular)
maria (accusative plural)
marī (ablative singular)
mare (ablative singular)
maribus (ablative plural)
mare (singular vocative)
maria (plural vocative)

Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: amari, amare, mari

Istro-Romanian: måre

Megleno-Romanian: mari

Romanian: mare f

Gallo-Italic:

Emilian: mèr

Ligurian: mâ, mà

Lombard: mar

Piedmontese: mar

Romagnol: mêr

Italo-Dalmatian:

Corsican: mare

Dalmatian: mur

Gallurese: mari

Istriot: mare

Italian: mare

Neapolitan: mare

Sardinian: mare, mari

Sassarese: mari

Sicilian: mari

Navarro-Aragonese:

Aragonese: mar

desctree

Old French: mer f
French: mer
Antillean Creole: lanmè
Haitian Creole: lanmè
→ Volapük: mel
Norman: mé (Jersey)
Walloon: mer

Old Leonese: *mar

Asturian: mar

Extremaduran: mari

Mirandese: mar

Old Occitan: mar

Catalan: mar m or f

Occitan: mar

Old Galician-Portuguese: mar m, mare
Galician: mar m
Portuguese: mar m (see there for further descendants)

Old Spanish: mar

Ladino: mar

Spanish: mar m or f
→ Aymara: lamara
→ Classical Nahuatl: láma̱r
→ Papiamentu: lama, laman

Rhaeto-Romance:

Friulian: mâr

Romansch: mar, mer

Venetian: mar

→ English: mare

→ Esperanto: maro
Ido: maro

→ Interlingua: mar

Proto-Indo-European language
Proto-Italic language
la:mare

From Proto-Italic *mari, from Proto-Indo-European *móri.

Neptunum regnatorem marum

c. 270 BCE – c. 201 BCE, Gnaeus Naevius, Bellum Punicum, (fragment in Priscian, Institutiones Grammaticae, 7, De genetivo plurali tertiae declinationis)

[facit...] ad onera ac multitudinem iumentorum transportandam paulo latiores quam quibus in reliquis utimur maribus.

c. 52 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de Bello Gallico 5.1

In order to transport cargo and beasts of burden, he [Julius Caesar] had them made a little wider than the ones we use in other seas.

Et oportet ut alienentur cornute et varie et aspides declines ad albedinem. Et non capiantur ex piscinis vel litoribus fluviorum et aquarum vel marium, vel de petrosis, quoniam in eis sunt quercine, facientes sitim, immo capiantur in loco longinquo ab humorositate.

13th c., Roger Bacon, Secretum Secretorum 2.29 (De preparacione carnum viperarum sive serpentum et draconum)

a marī usque ad mare

1921, Joseph Pope, George Monro Grant, Canada's official motto


tres

trēs (canonical)
tria (neuter)
trēs (feminine masculine nominative plural)
tria (neuter nominative plural)
trium (genitive plural)
tribus (dative plural)
trēs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
trīs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
tria (accusative neuter plural)
tribus (ablative plural)
trēs (feminine masculine plural vocative)
tria (neuter plural vocative)

Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: trei

Istro-Romanian: trei

Megleno-Romanian: trei

Romanian: trei

Dalmatian:

tra

Italo-Romance:

Corsican: trè

Italian: tre

Neapolitan: tre, tréje

Sicilian: tri

North Italian:

Friulian: trê

Ladin: trei

Ligurian: træ

Romagnol: tri, trẹ (San Marino)

Romansch: trais

Venetian: tre

Gallo-Romance:

Franco-Provençal: três

Old French: trois, treis (12th c., or Anglo-Norman); troys
Middle French: troys
French: trois
Haitian Creole: twa
Louisiana Creole: trò, trwa
Norman: trais
Walloon: troes

Occitano-Gallo-Romance:

Catalan: tres

Occitan: tres

Ibero-Romance:

Old Leonese:

Asturian: tres

Leonese: trés

Mirandese: trés

Old Galician-Portuguese: tres
Fala: tres
Galician: tres
Portuguese: três

Old Spanish: tres

Ladino: trez

Spanish: tres

Insular Romance:

Sardinian: tres

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *tréyes
Proto-Italic *trēs
Latin tres
From Proto-Italic *trēs, from Proto-Indo-European *tréyes. Cognates include Sanskrit त्रि (trí), Ancient Greek τρεῖς (treîs) and Old English þrēo (English three).

etymon

tria Cerberus extulit ora et tres latratus semel edidit

Cerberus put forth three mouths and issued three barks at once

nati sunt autem Absalom filii tres et filia una nomine Thamar eleganti forma

405 CE, Jerome, Vulgate Samuelis II.14.27

And unto Absalom there were born three sons, and one daughter, whose name was Tamar: she was a woman of a fair countenance


flos

la-noun

flōs m (genitive flōris); third declension

flōs (canonical masculine)
flōris (genitive)
flōs (nominative singular)
flōrēs (nominative plural)
flōris (genitive singular)
flōrum (genitive plural)
flōrī (dative singular)
flōribus (dative plural)
flōrem (accusative singular)
flōrēs (accusative plural)
flōre (ablative singular)
flōribus (ablative plural)
flōs (singular vocative)
flōrēs (plural vocative)

Eastern Romance:

Aromanian: floari

Megleno-Romanian: floari

Romanian: floare

Italo-Romance:

Corsican: fiore

Italian: fiore

Neapolitan: sciore

Sicilian: ciuri

North Italian:

Gallo-Italic:

Ligurian: sciô

Lombard: fiuur, fiùu

Piedmontese: fior

Romagnol: fiôr

Friulian: flôr

Istriot: fiùr

desc

Romansch: flur, flura (Sursilvan); flour (Surmiran)

Venetian: fior

→? Dalmatian: fiaur

Gallo-Romance:

Catalan: flor

Franco-Provençal: fllor

Gascon: hlor, ehlor, eslor

Old French: flor (see there for further descendants)

Old Occitan: flor
Occitan: flor

Ibero-Romance:

Aragonese: flor

Asturian: flor

Extremaduran: frol

Mirandese: frol, flor

desctree

Old Galician-Portuguese: flor, fror, frol; *chor
Galician: flor, fror, frol, chor
Portuguese: flor, (archaic or dialectal) fror, frol

Old Spanish: flor

Ladino: flor

Spanish: flor
→ English: flor

Borrowings:

→ Esperanto: floro
→ Ido: floro

→ Interlingua: flor

→ Swedish: flor

→ Translingual: Flos

→ Volapük: flor

A root noun interpreted as an s-stem noun, from Proto-Italic *flōs, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰleh₃-s (“flower, blossom”), from *bʰleh₃- (“to bloom”). Cognates include Ancient Greek φύλλον (phúllon), Gothic 𐌱𐌻𐍉𐌼𐌰 (blōma) and Old English blōstm, blæd (“leaf”) (English blossom, blade).

der

ferte deae flōrēs: gaudet flōrentibus herbīs haec dea

Bring flowers for the goddess; this goddess takes pleasure in flowering plants.

(figuratively) the best kind or part of something

(figuratively) the prime; best state of things

(figuratively) an ornament or embellishment


arbor

la-noun

arbor f (genitive arboris); third declension

arboris (genitive)
arbor (nominative singular)
arborēs (nominative plural)
arboris (genitive singular)
arborum (genitive plural)
arborī (dative singular)
arboribus (dative plural)
arborem (accusative singular)
arborēs (accusative plural)
arbore (ablative singular)
arboribus (ablative plural)
arbor (singular vocative)
arborēs (plural vocative)

Balkan Romance:

desc

Aromanian: arburi, arbure, arbur, oarbãri

Istro-Romanian: årbure

Megleno-Romanian: arbur

Romanian: arbure (older), arbore (newer, Latinized)

Dalmatian:

juarbol, yuarbul, yuarbol, jarbul, yarbul, jarbur, garbr, arbl, iuarbol, iuarbul, iarbul, iarbur

Italo-Romance:

Italian: albero

Italian: arbore, àrbore (archaic)

Corsican: alberu

Gallurese: alburi

Sassarese: àiburu

Neapolitan: arbero, àrbero (Napoli)

Neapolitan: arvule, àrvule (Taranto)

Romanesco: arbero (àrbero) (Rome)

Sicilian: àrbiru, àrburu, àrvuru

Insular Romance:

Sardinian: arbore, arbure, albore, albure

North Italian:

Gallo-Italic:

Emilian: àrbul, âlber (Bologna); élber (Modena); àlbar (Mirandola)

Ligurian: erboro, èrbo

Lombard: erbor, àlbor

Piedmontese: erbo

Friulian: arbul

Ladin: alber

Istriot: arbaro, arbo

Romansch: arver, alber

desctree

Venetian: àlbaro, albaro, àlber
→ Cimbrian: albar

Gallo-Romance:

Franco-Provençal: ârbro

Old French: arbre (see there for further descendants)

Occitano-Romance:

Catalan: arbre

Gascon: arbe

Old Occitan: arbre (see there for further descendants)

Ibero-Romance:

Aragonese: arbol, (Ribagorça) abre

Old Leonese: arbol, arbor (see there for further descendants)

desc

Old Galician-Portuguese: arvor, arvol, arvore (see there for further descendants)

Old Spanish: arbor, arbol (see there for further descendants)

Borrowings:

→ Balkan Slavic:

Macedonian: јарбол (jarbol)

Serbo-Croatian: ја̑рбол, jȃrbol

Slovene: jambor

→ Hungarian: árbóc (or via North Italian)

By rhotacism from Old Latin arbōs, from Proto-Italic *arðōs, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃erdʰ- (“high; to grow”), meaning "high upright plant". Cognate with arduus (“high”).

der

Interea genitor Tiberini ad fluminis undam / uulnera siccabat lymphis corpusque leuabat / arboris acclinis trunco

Meantime, his father at Tiber's flowing stream bathed his wounds in the clear water and his body leant against the trunk of a tree.

felix arbor

arbores serere

(specifically with the genitive of the species) arbor alni

arbores ficorum

arbore mali

centenaque arbore fluctum verberat adsurgens

Pelias arbor

(euphemistic)

arbor infelix

(metonymically) something made from a tree, of wood

(metonymically) the polypus (imagined to have arms like the branches of a tree)


Hellas

la-proper noun

Hellas f sg (genitive Helladis); third declension

Helladis (genitive)
Hellas (nominative singular)
Helladis (genitive singular)
Helladī (dative singular)
Helladem (accusative singular)
Hellade (ablative singular)
Hellas (singular vocative)

→ French: Hellade

→ Portuguese: Hélade

→ Spanish: Hélade

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Ἑλλάς (Hellás).

bor+

Modo, inquam, Hellade percussa Marius cum praecipitat se cerritus fuit?

The other day, for instance, when Marius killed Hellas and then flung himself headlong, was he crazy?


cor

la-noun

cor n (genitive cordis); third declension

cordis (genitive)
cor (nominative singular)
corda (nominative plural)
cordis (genitive singular)
cordium (genitive plural)
cordum (genitive plural)
cordī (dative singular)
cordibus (dative plural)
cor (accusative singular)
corda (accusative plural)
corde (ablative singular)
cordibus (ablative plural)
cor (singular vocative)
corda (plural vocative)

Vulgar Latin: *corem m (see there for further descendants)

→ Romanian: cord

Inherited from Proto-Italic *kord, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱḗr ~ *ḱr̥d-. Cognate with Ancient Greek καρδίᾱ (kardíā), Gothic 𐌷𐌰𐌹𐍂𐍄𐍉 (hairtō), Old English heorte, English heart, Sanskrit हृदय (hṛdaya), Hittite 𒆠𒅕 (kir), Old Church Slavonic срьдьце (srĭdĭce).


genus

genus n (genitive generis); third declension

generis (genitive)
genus (nominative singular)
genera (nominative plural)
generis (genitive singular)
generum (genitive plural)
generī (dative singular)
generibus (dative plural)
genus (accusative singular)
genera (accusative plural)
genere (ablative singular)
generibus (ablative plural)
genus (singular vocative)
genera (plural vocative)

Catalan: gens

Franco-Provençal: gins

Old French: giens

→ Arabic: جِنْس (jins)

→ Catalan: gènere

→ Danish: genus

→ Dutch: genus

→ English: genus (see there for further descendants)

→ Finnish: genus

→ Galician: xendra, xénero

→ German: Genus

→ Irish: géineas

→ Italian: genere

→ Old French: gen(d)re (see there for further descendants)

→ Norwegian Bokmål: genus

→ Portuguese: género, gênero (Brazil)

→ Romanian: gen

→ Spanish: género

→ Swedish: genus

From Proto-Italic *genos, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵénh₁os n (“race”), from the root *ǵenh₁- (“to produce, beget”); compare also gēns, gignō and -gnus, from the same root. From the genitive gener-is (< PIE *ǵénh₁es-os), the sound shift -r- < *-s- can be observed, through which the Old Latin form *genes-is can be reconstructed.
Cognates include Ancient Greek γένος (génos, “race, stock, kin, kind”), Sanskrit जनस् (jánas, “race, class of beings”), Proto-Celtic *genos (“birth; family”), and English kin. Doublet of genea.

cog

huic generi militum senatus eundem, quem Cannensibus, finem statuerat militiae.

27 BCE – 25 BCE, Titus Livius, Ab Urbe Condita 26.1

For this class of soldier the senate had established a limit in duration to their military service, which was the same as the men at Cannae.

omne adeo genus in terris hominumque ferarumque
et genus aequoreum pecudes pictaeque volucres

c. 37 BCE – 30 BCE, Virgil, Georgics III

So far does every species on earth of man and beast,
whether the aquatic species, livestock, or painted-winged,
collapse into the frenzies and the fire [of sex].

species (of animal or plant), race (of people)

6th century, Magnus Aurelius Cassiodorus (attributed): Commentarium de oratione et de octo partibus orationis. In: „Patrologiae cursus completus sive Bibliotheca universalis, integra, uniformis, commoda, oeconomica, omnium ss. patrum, doctorum scriptorumque ecclesiasticorum qui ab aevo apostolico ad innocentii III tempora floruerunt; […] . Series prima, in qua prodeunt patres, doctores scriptoresque ecclesiae latinae a tertulliano ad gregorium magnum. Accurante J.-P. Migne, cursuum completorum in singulos scientiae ecclesiaticae ramos editore. Patrologiae tomus LXX. Cassiodori tomus posterior. – Magni Aurelii Cassiodori senatoris, viri patricii, consularis, et vivariensis abbatis opera omnia in duos tomos distributa, ad fidem manuscriptiorum codicum emendata et aucta, notis, observationibus et indicibus locupletata, praecedente auctoris vita, quae nunc primum in lucem prodit cum dissertatione de ejus monarchatu. Opera et studio J. Garetii monarchi ordinis sancti Benedicti e congregatione sancti mauri. Nobis autem curantibus accesserunt complexiones in epistolas b. Pauli quas edidit et annotavit scipio Maffeius. Tomus posterior. – Parisiis, venit apud editorem, in via dicta d'amboise, près la barriere d'enfer, ou petit-montrouge. 1847“, p. 1225

Nouns have six genders: masculine, e.g. hic Cato 'this man Cato'; feminine, e.g. haec musa 'this muse'; neuter, e.g. hoc monile 'this necklace'; common to two genders, e.g. hic et haec sacerdos 'this priest or priestess'; of three genders, e.g. hic, et haec, et hoc felix 'this lucky man, woman or thing'; epicene, called promiscous in Latin, e.g. passer 'sparrow', aquila 'eagle'.

Genera nominum sunt sex: masculinum, ut hic Cato; femininum, ut haec musa; neutrum, ut hoc monile; commune duorum generum, ut hic et haec sacerdos: trium generum, ut hic, et haec, et hoc felix; epicoenon, quod Latine promiscuum dicitur, ut passer, aquila.

Genera nominum, septem sunt. Masculinum, cui praeponitur hic: ut hic Dominus. Foemineum, cui praeponitur haec: ut haec musa. Neutrum, cui praeponuntur hoc: ut hoc templum. Commune, cui praeponuntur hic, & haec: ut hic, & haec Sacerdos. Omne, cui praeponuntur hic, haec, hoc, vel per tres varias voces inflectitur: ut hic, haec, hoc felix, bonus, bona, bonum. Dubium, quod modo masculinum, modo faemineum, apud Oratores etiam invenitur: ut hic, vel haec dies. Promiscuum, in quo sexus uterque per alterum apparet: ut hic passer, haec aquila, hic lepus.

16th century, Andreas Semperius (a.k.a. Andreas Sampere, Andreu Sempere): Andreae Semperii Valentini Alcodiani, doctoris medici, prima grammaticae latinae institutio tribus libris explicata, Majorca/Mallorca, 1819, p.19

Nouns have seven genders. Masculine, which you can precede with hic: hic dominus 'this Lord'. Feminine, which you can precede with haec, e.g. haec musa 'this muse'. Neuter, which you can precede with hoc, e.g. hoc templum 'this temple'. Common, which you can precede with hic and haec: hic & haec sacerdos 'this male or female priest'. Universal, which you can precede with all three of hic, haec, hoc, or which vary in three forms, e.g. hic, haec, hoc felix 'this lucky man, woman, thing', hic bonus, haec bona, hoc bonum 'this good man, good woman, good thing'. Doubtful, which in the orators can be found to be sometimes masculine, sometimes feminine, e.g. hic, vel haec dies 'this day'. Promiscuous, in which a gender appears instead of another, e.g. hic passer 'this sparrow' (always masculine), haec aquila 'this eagle' (always feminine), hic lepus 'this rabbit' (always masculine).

Genera verborum quot sunt? Quinque. Quae? Activa passiva neutra deponentia communia.

How many types of verbs are there? Five. Which ones? Active, passive, neuter, deponent, common.

Verborum genera quinque sunt, activa passiva neutra communia deponentia.

Maurus Servius Honoratus, Commentarius in Artem Donati

There are five types of verbs: active, passive, neuter, common, deponent.


talo

la-noun

tālō m (genitive tālōnis); third declension

tālō (canonical masculine)
tālōnis (genitive)
tālō (nominative singular)
tālōnēs (nominative plural)
tālōnis (genitive singular)
tālōnum (genitive plural)
tālōnī (dative singular)
tālōnibus (dative plural)
tālōnem (accusative singular)
tālōnēs (accusative plural)
tālōne (ablative singular)
tālōnibus (ablative plural)
tālō (singular vocative)
tālōnēs (plural vocative)

Adapted from Middle French talon, Italian tallone as tālus + -ō; also as +-ōnus.


talo

Borrowed from Middle English tallow. 13th century.


Paris

la-proper noun

Paris m sg (genitive Paridis or Paridos); third declension

Paridis (genitive)
Paridos (genitive)
Paris (nominative singular)
Paridis (genitive singular)
Paridos (genitive singular)
Paridī (dative singular)
Paridem (accusative singular)
Parin (accusative singular)
Paride (ablative singular)
Paris (singular vocative)
Pari (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Πάρις (Páris).

(Greek mythology) A Trojan prince who eloped with Helen.

a male given name from Ancient Greek, from the Trojan hero