tricolor

la-adj

tricolor (genitive tricolōris); third-declension one-termination adjective

tricolōris (genitive)
tricolor (feminine masculine neuter nominative singular)
tricolōrēs (feminine masculine nominative plural)
tricolōria (neuter nominative plural)
tricolōris (feminine genitive masculine neuter singular)
tricolōrium (feminine genitive masculine neuter plural)
tricolōrī (dative feminine masculine neuter singular)
tricolōribus (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
tricolōrem (accusative feminine masculine singular)
tricolor (accusative neuter singular)
tricolōrēs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
tricolōria (accusative neuter plural)
tricolōrī (ablative feminine masculine neuter singular)
tricolōribus (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
tricolor (feminine masculine neuter singular vocative)
tricolōrēs (feminine masculine plural vocative)
tricolōria (neuter plural vocative)

[ˈt̪rɪkɔɫ̪ɔr]


specimen

la-noun

specimen n (genitive speciminis); third declension

speciminis (genitive)
specimen (nominative singular)
specimina (nominative plural)
speciminis (genitive singular)
speciminum (genitive plural)
speciminī (dative singular)
speciminibus (dative plural)
specimen (accusative singular)
specimina (accusative plural)
specimine (ablative singular)
speciminibus (ablative plural)
specimen (singular vocative)
specimina (plural vocative)

→ Catalan: espècimen

→ English: specimen

→ French: spécimen

→ French: spécimen

→ Portuguese: espécime

→ Spanish: espécimen

From speciō (“observe, watch”) + -men (noun-forming suffix).


tribunal

la-noun

tribūnal n (genitive tribūnālis); third declension

tribūnal (canonical neuter)
tribūnālis (genitive)
tribūnal (nominative singular)
tribūnālia (nominative plural)
tribūnālis (genitive singular)
tribūnālium (genitive plural)
tribūnālī (dative singular)
tribūnālibus (dative plural)
tribūnal (accusative singular)
tribūnālia (accusative plural)
tribūnālī (ablative singular)
tribūnālibus (ablative plural)
tribūnal (singular vocative)
tribūnālia (plural vocative)

Catalan: tribunal

English: tribunal

French: tribunal

Galician: tribunal

Italian: tribunale

Portuguese: tribunal

Romanian: tribunal

Russian: трибуна́л (tribunál)

Serbo-Croatian: tribunal

Sicilian: tribbunali

Spanish: tribunal

[t̪rɪˈbuːnäɫ̪]

Neuter gender of supposed adjective *tribūnālis, from tribūnus (“tribune”), from tribus (“tribe”). Equivalently, tribūnus + -al.

27 - 25 BC . Ab Urbe Condita, Titus Livius, II, Chapter XII.
Ubi eo venit, in confertissima turba prope regium tribunal constitit.
When he came there, he was standing in the crammed crowd, near the king's tribunal.

a raised semicircular or square platform, on which the seats of magistrates were placed; tribunal, judgment seat, dais, camp platform

(metonymically) a court of law, tribunal; judgment

(by extension) any platform used for purposes other than above


acer

la-adj

ācer (feminine ācris, neuter ācre, comparative ācrior, superlative ācerrimus, adverb ācriter); third-declension three-termination adjective

ācer (canonical)
ācris (feminine)
ācre (neuter)
ācrior (comparative)
ācerrimus (superlative)
ācriter (adverb)
ācer (masculine nominative singular)
ācris (feminine nominative singular)
ācre (neuter nominative singular)
ācrēs (feminine masculine nominative plural)
ācria (neuter nominative plural)
ācris (feminine genitive masculine neuter singular)
ācrium (feminine genitive masculine neuter plural)
ācrī (dative feminine masculine neuter singular)
ācribus (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
ācrem (accusative feminine masculine singular)
ācre (accusative neuter singular)
ācrēs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
ācrīs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
ācria (accusative neuter plural)
ācrī (ablative feminine masculine neuter singular)
ācribus (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
ācer (masculine singular vocative)
ācris (feminine singular vocative)
ācre (neuter singular vocative)
ācrēs (feminine masculine plural vocative)
ācria (neuter plural vocative)

Ancient borrowings:

→ Old Irish: aicher

Irish: aichear

Later borrowings:

→ Catalan: acre

→⇒ English: acrid, acrylic

→ Esperanto: akra

→ French: âcre

→ Italian: acre

→ Portuguese: acre

→ Spanish: acre

From Proto-Italic *akris, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ḱrós (“sharp”). The change from o-stem to i-stem declension is irregular and not fully explained. Likewise, Latin has irregular lengthening of the vowel. Cognate with Ancient Greek ἄκρος (ákros).


acer

la-noun

acer n (genitive aceris); third declension

aceris (genitive)
acer (nominative singular)
acera (nominative plural)
aceris (genitive singular)
acerum (genitive plural)
acerī (dative singular)
aceribus (dative plural)
acer (accusative singular)
acera (accusative plural)
acere (ablative singular)
aceribus (ablative plural)
acer (singular vocative)
acera (plural vocative)

Catalan: auró

Esperanto: acero

French: érable

Italian: acero

Portuguese: ácer

Romanian: arțar

Spanish: ácere, arce

Translingual: Acer

Same as Etymology 1, with reference to multi-pointed leaves.
Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), Bern, München: Francke Verlag "ak̂er-"


phthisis

phthisis f (genitive phthisis); third declension

phthisis (genitive)
phthisis (nominative singular)
phthisēs (nominative plural)
phthisis (genitive singular)
phthisium (genitive plural)
phthisī (dative singular)
phthisibus (dative plural)
phthisem (accusative singular)
phthisēs (accusative plural)
phthisīs (accusative plural)
phthise (ablative singular)
phthisibus (ablative plural)
phthisis (singular vocative)
phthisēs (plural vocative)

English: phthisis

Italian: tisi

[ˈpʰt̪ʰɪs̠ɪs̠]

From the Ancient Greek φθῐ́σῐς (phthísis).


haruspex

haruspex m (genitive haruspicis); third declension

haruspicis (genitive)
haruspex (nominative singular)
haruspicēs (nominative plural)
haruspicis (genitive singular)
haruspicum (genitive plural)
haruspicī (dative singular)
haruspicibus (dative plural)
haruspicem (accusative singular)
haruspicēs (accusative plural)
haruspice (ablative singular)
haruspicibus (ablative plural)
haruspex (singular vocative)
haruspicēs (plural vocative)

→ Catalan: harúspex

→ English: haruspex

→ Finnish: haruspeksi

→ German: Haruspex

→ Italian: aruspice

→ Portuguese: arúspice

→ Sicilian: arùspici

→ Spanish: arúspice

From Proto-Italic *haruspeks, from earlier *xaruspeks (to differentiate it from a later form *haruspeks if the shift */x/ > */h/ in the Italic languages already happened during late Proto-Italic), equivalent to haru- (“intestines”) + *spex. The first component is related to hīra; the second is from the root of speciō (“to observe, watch”). Compare Faliscan 𐌇𐌀𐌓𐌉𐌔𐌐(𐌄𐌗) (harisp(ex)).
According to Nocentini the first part stems from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰer- (“intestine”) (thus *ǵʰr̥H-u- > *xaru-), whence also Latin hariolus, hernia (“hernia”).
Cognate to Ancient Greek χορδή (khordḗ), Proto-Germanic *garnō (“intestines”) (whence German Garn) and to Lithuanian žarnà (“intestine”). The component -spex can also be found in the word auspex.

diviner who reads from the intestines of sacrificial animals; one who practices haruspicy.


Pericles

la-proper noun

Perīclēs m sg (genitive Perīclis or Perīclī); third declension

Perīclēs (canonical masculine singular)
Perīclis (genitive)
Perīclī (genitive)
Perīclēs (nominative singular)
Perīclis (genitive singular)
Perīclī (genitive singular)
Perīclī (dative singular)
Perīclem (accusative singular)
Perīclēn (accusative singular)
Perīcle (ablative singular)
Periclē (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Περικλῆς (Periklês).

Pericles, a celebrated Athenian orator and statesman


cohors

la-noun

cohors f (genitive cohortis); third declension

cohortis (genitive)
cohors (nominative singular)
cohortēs (nominative plural)
cohortis (genitive singular)
cohortium (genitive plural)
cohortī (dative singular)
cohortibus (dative plural)
cohortem (accusative singular)
cohortēs (accusative plural)
cohortīs (accusative plural)
cohorte (ablative singular)
cohortibus (ablative plural)
cohors (singular vocative)
cohortēs (plural vocative)

Catalan: cort; → cohort

→ English: cohort

Franco-Provençal: côrt

→ French: cohorte

Friulian: cort; → coorte

Galician: corte; → Galician: cohorte

desc

→ Byzantine Greek: κοόρτης (koórtēs), κοόρτη (koórtē), κόρτη (kórtē), κόρτης (kórtēs), κώρτη (kṓrtē), κώρτης (kṓrtēs), χόρτη (khórtē), χώρτη (khṓrtē)

desctree

→ Arabic: شُرْطَة (šurṭa)
→ Classical Syriac: ܫܘܽܪܛܳܐ (šurṭā), ܫܽܪܛܳܐ (šurṭā)

→ Romanian: cort

Italian: corte; → coorte

Occitan: cort; → coòrta

Old French: cort
French: cour
→ Middle English: court, cort, corte, cortt, courte, curt, curth
English: court (see there for further descendants)
Scots: court, coort

Portuguese: corte; → coorte

Romanian: curte; → cohortă

→ Russian: кого́рта (kogórta)

Sicilian: curti

Spanish: corte; → cohorte

→ Ukrainian: кого́рта (kohórta)

From Proto-Italic *kom + *horti-, the latter a ti-derivative of what is likely the same root underlying *hortos (“enclosure”). By surface analysis, co- + -hors.

is capit extrēmī volpem convalle salictī;

He catches a vixen in a ravine at the end of a willow grove;
she had carried off many farmyard birds.


indicator

la-noun

indicātor m (genitive indicātōris); third declension

indicātor (canonical masculine)
indicātōris (genitive)
indicātor (nominative singular)
indicātōrēs (nominative plural)
indicātōris (genitive singular)
indicātōrum (genitive plural)
indicātōrī (dative singular)
indicātōribus (dative plural)
indicātōrem (accusative singular)
indicātōrēs (accusative plural)
indicātōre (ablative singular)
indicātōribus (ablative plural)
indicātor (singular vocative)
indicātōrēs (plural vocative)

Catalan: indicador

English: indicator

French: indicateur

Galician: indicador

Italian: indicatore

Portuguese: indicador

Romanian: indicator

Russian: индика́тор (indikátor)

Spanish: indicador

[ɪn̪d̪ɪˈkäːt̪ɔr]

From indicō (“point out, indicate, show”) + -tor, from in (“in, at, on; into”) + dicō (“indicate; dedicate; set apart”).


recensio

la-noun

recēnsiō f (genitive recēnsiōnis); third declension

recēnsiō (canonical feminine)
recēnsiōnis (genitive)
recēnsiō (nominative singular)
recēnsiōnēs (nominative plural)
recēnsiōnis (genitive singular)
recēnsiōnum (genitive plural)
recēnsiōnī (dative singular)
recēnsiōnibus (dative plural)
recēnsiōnem (accusative singular)
recēnsiōnēs (accusative plural)
recēnsiōne (ablative singular)
recēnsiōnibus (ablative plural)
recēnsiō (singular vocative)
recēnsiōnēs (plural vocative)

Catalan: recensió

English: recension

French: recension

Italian: recensione

Occitan: recension

Portuguese: recensão

Spanish: recensión

→ German: Rezension

→ Russian: рецензия (recenzija) (see there for further descendants)

From recēnseō (“enumerate, reckon”) + -tiō.


integritas

integritās f (genitive integritātis); third declension

integritās (canonical feminine)
integritātis (genitive)
integritās (nominative singular)
integritātēs (nominative plural)
integritātis (genitive singular)
integritātum (genitive plural)
integritātī (dative singular)
integritātibus (dative plural)
integritātem (accusative singular)
integritātēs (accusative plural)
integritāte (ablative singular)
integritātibus (ablative plural)
integritās (singular vocative)
integritātēs (plural vocative)

Inherited:

Old French: entiereté

→ English: entirety

Borrowed:

→ Catalan: integritat

→ English: integrity

→ Finnish: integriteetti

→ French: intégrité

→ Friulian: integritât

→ Galician: integridade

→ Italian: integrità

→ Piedmontese: integrità

→ Portuguese: integridade

→ Romanian: integritate

→ Spanish: integridad

[ɪn̪ˈt̪ɛɡrɪt̪äːs̠]

From integer (“complete, perfect”) + -tās.


grandis

la-adj

grandis (neuter grande, comparative grandior, superlative grandissimus, adverb grandē or granditer); third-declension two-termination adjective

grande (neuter)
grandior (comparative)
grandissimus (superlative)
grandē (adverb)
granditer (adverb)
grandis (feminine masculine nominative singular)
grande (neuter nominative singular)
grandēs (feminine masculine nominative plural)
grandia (neuter nominative plural)
grandis (feminine genitive masculine neuter singular)
grandium (feminine genitive masculine neuter plural)
grandī (dative feminine masculine neuter singular)
grandibus (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
grandem (accusative feminine masculine singular)
grande (accusative neuter singular)
grandēs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
grandīs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
grandia (accusative neuter plural)
grandī (ablative feminine masculine neuter singular)
grandibus (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
grandis (feminine masculine singular vocative)
grande (neuter singular vocative)
grandēs (feminine masculine plural vocative)
grandia (neuter plural vocative)
grandī (feminine locative masculine neuter singular)
grandibus (feminine locative masculine neuter plural)

Asturian: grande, gran

→? Basque: handi

Bourguignon: grand

Corsican: grande

Dalmatian: grund, gruond

Franco-Provençal: grant

Friulian: grant

Istriot: grando

Italian: grande

Old Occitan: gran
Occitan: gran

desctree

Old French: grant, graunt (late Anglo-Norman spelling)
Middle French: grand
French: grand
Norman: grand
Picard: grand
→ English: grand

Old Galician-Portuguese: grande, gran, grand
Fala: grandi
Galician: grande
Portuguese: grande

Old Spanish: grant, grand (alternative spelling)
Spanish: gran

Romansch: grond

Sardinian: grande, grandu, granne

Sicilian: granni

Venetian: gran, grando

[ˈɡrän̪d̪ɪs̠]

From Proto-Italic *grandis, of unclear origin.
Traditionally derived from Proto-Indo-European *gʰer- (“to rub, to grind”), and connected to Proto-Germanic *grautaz (“big in size, coarse, coarse grained”) (whence English great). A different etymology, favored by Pokorny, derives the word from Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰrendʰ- (“to swell”), and connects the word to Ancient Greek βρένθος (brénthos, “arrogance”) and Proto-Slavic *grǫ̑dь (“breast”).
However, De Vaan rejects the latter (and doesn't mention the former) due to phonetic difficulties and the wide semantic gap between "breast-pride" and "breast-large", and prefers to regard the word as, along with Basque handi (“big”), borrowed from an earlier Vasconian substrate.


calamitas

la-noun

calamitās f (genitive calamitātis); third declension

calamitās (canonical feminine)
calamitātis (genitive)
calamitās (nominative singular)
calamitātēs (nominative plural)
calamitātis (genitive singular)
calamitātum (genitive plural)
calamitātī (dative singular)
calamitātibus (dative plural)
calamitātem (accusative singular)
calamitātēs (accusative plural)
calamitāte (ablative singular)
calamitātibus (ablative plural)
calamitās (singular vocative)
calamitātēs (plural vocative)

Aragonese: calamidat

Asturian: calamidá

Catalan: calamitat

Emilian: calamitè

English: calamity

French: calamité

Friulian: calamitât

Galician: calamidade

→ German: Kalamität

Italian: calamità

Ladin: calamità

Piedmontese: calamità

Portuguese: calamidade

Romanian: calamitate

Sardinian: calàma

Spanish: calamidad (see there for further descendants)

[käˈɫ̪ämɪt̪äːs̠]

From unattested *calamis ("damaged") + -tās from Proto-Indo-European *kl̥h₂emi- from *kelh₂- (“to beat”). Compare the negated incolumis from Proto-Italic *enkalamis, from Proto-Indo-European *n̥kl̥h₂emi-. Cognate with clādēs, Proto-Celtic *klamitos and others.
An old form by l-d-alternation is Old Latin kadamitās.


tutor

tūtor m (genitive tūtōris, feminine tūtrīx); third declension

tūtor (canonical masculine)
tūtōris (genitive)
tūtrīx (feminine)
tūtor (nominative singular)
tūtōrēs (nominative plural)
tūtōris (genitive singular)
tūtōrum (genitive plural)
tūtōrī (dative singular)
tūtōribus (dative plural)
tūtōrem (accusative singular)
tūtōrēs (accusative plural)
tūtōre (ablative singular)
tūtōribus (ablative plural)
tūtor (singular vocative)
tūtōrēs (plural vocative)

→ Catalan: tutor

→ English: tutor

→ Finnish: tuutori

→ French: tuteur

→ Galician: titor

→ Italian: tutore

→ Portuguese: tutor

→ Spanish: tutor

From tueor + -tor, via the old past participle tūtus (later replaced by tuitus).


Rubicon

la-proper noun

Rubicōn m sg (genitive Rubicōnis); third declension

Rubicōn (canonical masculine singular)
Rubicōnis (genitive)
Rubicōn (nominative singular)
Rubicōnis (genitive singular)
Rubicōnī (dative singular)
Rubicōnem (accusative singular)
Rubicōne (ablative singular)
Rubicōn (singular vocative)

Possibly from rubeus (“red, reddish”), from rubeō (“to be red”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rewdʰ- (“red”), an allusion to the colour of the river caused by mud deposits.


lenis

la-adj

lēnis (neuter lēne, comparative lēnior, superlative lēnissimus, adverb lēne or lēniter); third-declension two-termination adjective

lēnis (canonical)
lēne (neuter)
lēnior (comparative)
lēnissimus (superlative)
lēne (adverb)
lēniter (adverb)
lēnis (feminine masculine nominative singular)
lēne (neuter nominative singular)
lēnēs (feminine masculine nominative plural)
lēnia (neuter nominative plural)
lēnis (feminine genitive masculine neuter singular)
lēnium (feminine genitive masculine neuter plural)
lēnī (dative feminine masculine neuter singular)
lēnibus (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
lēnem (accusative feminine masculine singular)
lēne (accusative neuter singular)
lēnēs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
lēnīs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
lēnia (accusative neuter plural)
lēnī (ablative feminine masculine neuter singular)
lēnibus (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
lēnis (feminine masculine singular vocative)
lēne (neuter singular vocative)
lēnēs (feminine masculine plural vocative)
lēnia (neuter plural vocative)

English: lenis, lenient

Galician: lene, ao len

Italian: lene

Occitan: len

Romanian: lin

Spanish: lene

Portuguese: lene

From Proto-Italic *lēnis (“soft, mild”), from Proto-Indo-European *leh₁- (“lazy, slow; soft”).
Cognate to Proto-Slavic *lěnь (“laziness”) and to Lithuanian lė́nas (“slow, calm”). Compare also lentus, of similar sound and meaning but different origin.

der

soft, smooth, gentle, moderate, mild, calm


inquisitor

la-noun

inquīsītor m (genitive inquīsītōris, feminine inquīsītrix); third declension

inquīsītor (canonical masculine)
inquīsītōris (genitive)
inquīsītrix (feminine)
inquīsītor (nominative singular)
inquīsītōrēs (nominative plural)
inquīsītōris (genitive singular)
inquīsītōrum (genitive plural)
inquīsītōrī (dative singular)
inquīsītōribus (dative plural)
inquīsītōrem (accusative singular)
inquīsītōrēs (accusative plural)
inquīsītōre (ablative singular)
inquīsītōribus (ablative plural)
inquīsītor (singular vocative)
inquīsītōrēs (plural vocative)

Catalan: inquisidor

Galician: inquisidor

Italian: inquisitore

Occitan: inquisidor

→ Old French: inquisiteur

French: inquisiteur

→ English: inquisitor

→ Portuguese: inquisidor

Russian: инквизи́тор (inkvizítor)

→ Spanish: inquisidor

[ɪŋkʷiːˈs̠iːt̪ɔr]

Agent noun of inquīrō (“inquire, investigate”) (past participle inquīsītus) + + -tor.


Xerxes

la-proper noun

Xerxēs m sg (variously declined, genitive Xerxae or Xerxis); first declension, third declension

Xerxēs (canonical masculine singular)
Xerxae (genitive)
Xerxis (genitive)
Xerxēs (nominative singular)
Xerxae (genitive singular)
Xerxae (dative singular)
Xerxēn (accusative singular)
Xerxē (ablative singular)
Xerxē (singular vocative)
Xerxēs (nominative singular)
Xerxis (genitive singular)
Xerxī (dative singular)
Xerxem (accusative singular)
Xerxe (ablative singular)
Xerxēs (singular vocative)

→ Czech: Xerxes, Xerxés

→ Dutch: Xerxes

Afrikaans: Xerxes

→ English: Xerxes (see there for further descendants)

→ Finnish: Kserkses

→ French: Xerxès

→ Hungarian: Xerxész

→ Italian: Serse

→ Latvian: Kserkss

→ Portuguese: Xerxes

→ Spanish: Jerjes (see there for further descendants)


pares

la-noun

parēs ? (genitive parētis); third declension

parēs (canonical)
parētis (genitive)
parēs (nominative singular)
parētēs (nominative plural)
parētis (genitive singular)
parētum (genitive plural)
parētī (dative singular)
parētibus (dative plural)
parētem (accusative singular)
parētēs (accusative plural)
parēte (ablative singular)
parētibus (ablative plural)
parēs (singular vocative)
parētēs (plural vocative)

Balkan Romance:

Istro-Romanian: parete m

Romanian: perete, părete, parete m

Italo-Romance:

Italian: parete

Sicilian: pariti

North Italian:

Friulian: parêt

Old Ligurian: parea

Piedmontese: parei

desc

Romansch: paraid, preit (Sursilvan); pare (Sutsilvan, Surmiran)

Old Venetian: parede m

Venetian: paré m

Gallo-Romance:

Catalan: paret

Franco-Provençal: parêt

Old French: pareit, parei, paroi

French: paroi

Norman: paré

Occitan: paret

Ibero-Romance:

Aragonese: paret, parete

Asturian: parede, paré

Leonese: parede

Old Galician-Portuguese: parede

Galician: parede

Portuguese: parede

Spanish: pared

Borrowings:

→ Proto-Brythonic: [Term?]

Old Cornish: poruit

Welsh: parwyd

From Classical pariēs m, with hiatic unstressed /ĭ/ > [j] followed by monophthongization of [je] to [eː]. Inscriptionally attested in the form ⟨parete⟩.


declivitas

la-noun

dēclīvitās f (genitive dēclīvitātis); third declension

dēclīvitās (canonical feminine)
dēclīvitātis (genitive)
dēclīvitās (nominative singular)
dēclīvitātēs (nominative plural)
dēclīvitātis (genitive singular)
dēclīvitātum (genitive plural)
dēclīvitātī (dative singular)
dēclīvitātibus (dative plural)
dēclīvitātem (accusative singular)
dēclīvitātēs (accusative plural)
dēclīvitāte (ablative singular)
dēclīvitātibus (ablative plural)
dēclīvitās (singular vocative)
dēclīvitātēs (plural vocative)

Catalan: declivitat

English: declivity

French: déclivité

Italian: declività

Portuguese: declividade

Spanish: declividad

[d̪eːˈklʲiːu̯ɪt̪äːs̠]

From dēclīvis (“sloping downwards”) + -tās.


sus

sūs m or f (irregular, genitive suis); third declension

sūs (canonical feminine masculine)
suis (genitive)
sūs (nominative singular)
suēs (nominative plural)
suis (genitive singular)
suum (genitive plural)
suī (dative singular)
suibus (dative plural)
sūbus (dative plural)
subus (dative plural)
suem (accusative singular)
suēs (accusative plural)
sue (ablative singular)
suibus (ablative plural)
sūbus (ablative plural)
subus (ablative plural)
sūs (singular vocative)
suēs (plural vocative)

Romanian: sor (possibly)

Sardinian: sughe, sue

Sassarese: sua, (dialectal) sui

From Proto-Italic *sūs, from Proto-Indo-European *suH-. Compare Ancient Greek ὗς (hûs), Pali sūkara, English swine, sow.


rationale

ratiōnāle n (genitive ratiōnālis); third declension

ratiōnāle (canonical neuter)
ratiōnālis (genitive)
ratiōnāle (nominative singular)
ratiōnālia (nominative plural)
ratiōnālis (genitive singular)
ratiōnālium (genitive plural)
ratiōnālī (dative singular)
ratiōnālibus (dative plural)
ratiōnāle (accusative singular)
ratiōnālia (accusative plural)
ratiōnālī (ablative singular)
ratiōnālibus (ablative plural)
ratiōnāle (singular vocative)
ratiōnālia (plural vocative)

Rationale quoque iudicii facies opere polymito iuxta texturam superumeralis ex auro hyacintho et purpura coccoque bis tincto et bysso retorta (And you shall make the breastplate of judgment with skillful work; like the work of the ephod you shall make it; of gold, of blue, and of purple, and of scarlet, and of fine twined linen, shall you make it.)

λογεῖον
λογεῖον#Ancient Greek

The breastplate worn by Israelite high priests (Translation of λογεῖον (logeîon) or λόγιον (lógion, “oracle”) in the Septuagint version of Exodus 28.)


ligo

ligō m (genitive ligōnis); third declension

ligō (canonical masculine)
ligōnis (genitive)
ligō (nominative singular)
ligōnēs (nominative plural)
ligōnis (genitive singular)
ligōnum (genitive plural)
ligōnī (dative singular)
ligōnibus (dative plural)
ligōnem (accusative singular)
ligōnēs (accusative plural)
ligōne (ablative singular)
ligōnibus (ablative plural)
ligō (singular vocative)
ligōnēs (plural vocative)

Sicilian: liguni

Spanish: legón

Galician: legón, lighó

Catalan: lligó


remex

rēmex m (genitive rēmigis); third declension

rēmex (canonical masculine)
rēmigis (genitive)
rēmex (nominative singular)
rēmigēs (nominative plural)
rēmigis (genitive singular)
rēmigum (genitive plural)
rēmigī (dative singular)
rēmigibus (dative plural)
rēmigem (accusative singular)
rēmigēs (accusative plural)
rēmige (ablative singular)
rēmigibus (ablative plural)
rēmex (singular vocative)
rēmigēs (plural vocative)

From rēmus (“oar”) + agō (“set in motion”).


matruelis

mātruēlis m or f (genitive mātruēlis); third declension

mātruēlis (canonical feminine masculine)
mātruēlis (genitive)
mātruēlis (nominative singular)
mātruēlēs (nominative plural)
mātruēlis (genitive singular)
mātruēlium (genitive plural)
mātruēlī (dative singular)
mātruēlibus (dative plural)
mātruēlem (accusative singular)
mātruēlēs (accusative plural)
mātruēlīs (accusative plural)
mātruēle (ablative singular)
mātruēlibus (ablative plural)
mātruēlis (singular vocative)
mātruēlēs (plural vocative)

A first cousin on the mother's side; the child of one's mother's sister (one type of parallel cousin).


abies

abiēs f (genitive abietis); third declension

abiēs (canonical feminine)
abietis (genitive)
abiēs (nominative singular)
abietēs (nominative plural)
abietis (genitive singular)
abietum (genitive plural)
abietī (dative singular)
abietibus (dative plural)
abietem (accusative singular)
abietēs (accusative plural)
abiete (ablative singular)
abietibus (ablative plural)
abiēs (singular vocative)
abietēs (plural vocative)

Italo-Romance:

Italian: abéte

Neapolitan: apeto

>? Sicilian: abbitu

Padanian:

Emilian: aved

Ligurian: aveo, avé

Romagnol: abét, abēt (Ville Unite)

Venetian: albeo (infl. by albus 'white')

Gallo-Romance:

Catalan: avet

Old Occitan: abet, avet

Occitan: avet

Ibero-Romance:

desctree

Aragonese: abet, abete
→ Spanish: abeto, abete (obsolete) (or from Catalan)
→ Asturian: abetu
→ Galician: abeto, pinabete
→ Portuguese: abeto

Borrowings:

→⇒ English: abietic

→ Esperanto: abio

→ French: abies

→ Ido: abieto

Usually connected with the Ancient Greek hapax ἄβιν (ábin, “silver fir or similar conifer”), both reflecting a root *abi-, ultimately likely from a substrate source.

the silver fir (Abies alba), the silver-fir's wood

(poetic) anything made of deal (fir wood)


gymnas

la-noun

gymnas f (genitive gymnadis); third declension

gymnadis (genitive)
gymnas (nominative singular)
gymnadēs (nominative plural)
gymnadis (genitive singular)
gymnadum (genitive plural)
gymnadī (dative singular)
gymnadibus (dative plural)
gymnadem (accusative singular)
gymnadēs (accusative plural)
gymnade (ablative singular)
gymnadibus (ablative plural)
gymnas (singular vocative)
gymnadēs (plural vocative)


Hugo

la-proper noun

Hugo m (genitive Hugonis); third declension

Hugonis (genitive)
Hugo (nominative singular)
Hugonēs (nominative plural)
Hugonis (genitive singular)
Hugonum (genitive plural)
Hugonī (dative singular)
Hugonibus (dative plural)
Hugonem (accusative singular)
Hugonēs (accusative plural)
Hugone (ablative singular)
Hugonibus (ablative plural)
Hugo (singular vocative)
Hugonēs (plural vocative)

From Old High German Hugo, ultimately from Proto-Germanic *hugiz.

(Medieval Latin, New Latin) a male given name, equivalent to English Hugh


Bruno

Brūnō m sg (genitive Brūnōnis); third declension

Brūnō (canonical masculine singular)
Brūnōnis (genitive)
Brūnō (nominative singular)
Brūnōnis (genitive singular)
Brūnōnī (dative singular)
Brūnōnem (accusative singular)
Brūnōne (ablative singular)
Brūnō (singular vocative)

Latinisation of names of the form Brūn in Proto-Germanic and/or its descendant languages, deriving from the root *brūnaz (“brown”): Germanic Brūn + Latin -ō (suffix forming masculine personal names).

af

a male given name from the Germanic languages, equivalent to English Brown


Bruno

la-noun

Brūnō m (genitive Brūnōnis); third declension

Brūnō (canonical masculine)
Brūnōnis (genitive)
Brūnō (nominative singular)
Brūnōnēs (nominative plural)
Brūnōnis (genitive singular)
Brūnōnum (genitive plural)
Brūnōnī (dative singular)
Brūnōnibus (dative plural)
Brūnōnem (accusative singular)
Brūnōnēs (accusative plural)
Brūnōne (ablative singular)
Brūnōnibus (ablative plural)
Brūnō (singular vocative)
Brūnōnēs (plural vocative)

any man named “Bruno” or an equivalent, a Bruno


aes

aes n (genitive aeris); third declension

aeris (genitive)
aes (nominative singular)
aera (nominative plural)
aeris (genitive singular)
aerum (genitive plural)
aerī (dative singular)
aeribus (dative plural)
aes (accusative singular)
aera (accusative plural)
aere (ablative singular)
aeribus (ablative plural)
aes (singular vocative)
aera (plural vocative)

From Proto-Italic *aos, early *ajos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éyos.
Cognate with English ore.

alicuius ex aere imago

Fluit aes riuis aurique metallum, uulnificusque chalybs uasta fornace liquescit.

Bronze and golden ore flowed in streams, and steel, that deals wounds, melted in a vast furnace.


Solomon

la-proper noun

Solomōn m sg (genitive Solomōnis); third declension

Solomōn (canonical masculine singular)
Solomōnis (genitive)
Solomōn (nominative singular)
Solomōnis (genitive singular)
Solomōnī (dative singular)
Solomōnem (accusative singular)
Solomōne (ablative singular)
Solomōn (singular vocative)

→ English: Solomon

[ˈs̠ɔɫ̪ɔmoːn]

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Σολομών (Solomṓn), from Biblical Hebrew שְׁלֹמֹה (šĕlōmōʰ), from שָׁלוֹם (šālōm, “peace”).


moenia

la-noun

moenia n pl (genitive moenium); third declension

moenium (genitive)
moenia (nominative plural)
moenium (genitive plural)
moenibus (dative plural)
moenia (accusative plural)
moenibus (ablative plural)
moenia (plural vocative)

A plurale tantum, from Old Latin moene, from Proto-Indo-European *móyni, from *mey- (“to strengthen”). Cognate with mūrus (“wall”).

… genus unde Latīnum, Albānīque patrēs, atque altae moenia Rōmae.

… from which came the Latin race, the Alban fathers, and the walls of high Rome.
(The epic saga related in the opening lines of the Aeneid spans from ancient Troy to imperial Rome. Rome, built upon seven hills, was literally and figuratively “high” or “lofty,” and surrounded by defensive walls. Yet translations differ of the accusative plural “walls” [moenia] and genitive singular “of high Rome” [altae Romae], interpreted variously as “high walls” or “high Rome.” See: Latins (Italic tribe), Alban people, Servian Wall, Seven hills of Rome.)

inde premēns stīvam dēsignat moenia sulcō;

From there, pressing the plow handle, he marks out the city walls with a furrow; a white cow with a snow-white bull bore the yoke.
(Romulus uses a plow to mark where the defensive walls of Rome are to be built.)

city walls, town walls, defensive walls, fortifications, ramparts, bulwarks


scelus

scelus n (genitive sceleris); third declension

sceleris (genitive)
scelus (nominative singular)
scelera (nominative plural)
sceleris (genitive singular)
scelerum (genitive plural)
scelerī (dative singular)
sceleribus (dative plural)
scelus (accusative singular)
scelera (accusative plural)
scelere (ablative singular)
sceleribus (ablative plural)
scelus (singular vocative)
scelera (plural vocative)

[ˈs̠kɛɫ̪ʊs̠]

From Proto-Italic *skelos, from Proto-Indo-European *skelos (“curve, bending”), from *(s)kel- (“to curve, bend”). This etymology presupposes a semantic shift from "crooked" to "wicked, bad". Cognate with Proto-Germanic *skelhaz (whence Dutch scheel, German scheel), Ancient Greek σκέλος (skélos), σκολιός (skoliós).

der

Cui prōdest scelus, is fēcit

He who benefits from the crime, commits it.

“… et scelus expendisse merentem
Lāocoönta ferunt, sacrum quī cuspide rōbur
laeserit, et tergō scelerātam intorserit hastam.”
“… and the evil deed merited punishment [for] Laocoön, they said, since he had violated the sacred wood [of the horse] with [his] spearhead [when he] hurled the profane weapon at [its] body.”

29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 2.229–231

an evil deed; a wicked, heinous, or impious action

rēgia rēs scelus est. socerō cape rēgna necātō
et nostrās patriō sanguine tinge manūs.
“Villainy is a deed worthy for kings. With [your] father-in-law having been killed, seize [his] kingdom, and stain [both] our hands with [my] father’s blood!”
(Tullia Minor goads her husband, Lucius Tarquinius, to murder her father, King Servius Tullius. The ablative absolute “socerō necātō” could be translated as “when [you] have killed [your] father-in-law,” or perhaps understood as an imperative: “Kill [your] father-in-law.”)


veritas

la-noun

vēritās f (genitive vēritātis); third declension

vēritās (canonical feminine)
vēritātis (genitive)
vēritās (nominative singular)
vēritātēs (nominative plural)
vēritātis (genitive singular)
vēritātum (genitive plural)
vēritātī (dative singular)
vēritātibus (dative plural)
vēritātem (accusative singular)
vēritātēs (accusative plural)
vēritāte (ablative singular)
vēritātibus (ablative plural)
vēritās (singular vocative)
vēritātēs (plural vocative)

Italo-Romance:

Corsican: verità

Italian: verità, vertà

Neapolitan: verità, veritade, verdate

Sicilian: virità

Padanian:

Friulian: veretât

Ligurian: veitæ

Piedmontese: vrità

Romansch: vardad, vardet, vardà, verdad

Venetian: verità

Northern Gallo-Romance:

Old French: vertet, verté

Middle Gallo-Romance:

Franco-Provençal: vertá

Southern Gallo-Romance:

Occitan: verdat

Old Catalan: verdat

Ibero-Romance:

desctree

Navarro-Aragonese: verdat, verdad
Aragonese: verdat

Asturian: verdá

Extremaduran: verdá

Galician: verdade

Ladino: verdad (בﬞירדאדﬞ)

Leonese: verdá

Mirandese: berdade

Old Spanish: verdat

Spanish: verdad

Portuguese: verdade

Borrowings:

→ Albanian: vërtetë

→ Catalan: veritat

→ English: veritas

→ Maltese: verità

→ Occitan: veritat

→ Old French: verité

Middle French: verité

French: vérité

Norman: véthité (Jersey)

→ Middle English: verite

English: verity

→ Romanian: veritate

[ˈu̯eːrɪt̪äːs̠]

From vērus (“true; real”, adjective) + -tās (suffix forming an abstract noun).

suf

, Iohannes 8:32

the true or real nature, reality, real life


difficilis

la-adj

difficilis (neuter difficile, comparative difficilior, superlative difficillimus, adverb difficulter or difficile or difficiliter); third-declension two-termination adjective

difficile (neuter)
difficilior (comparative)
difficillimus (superlative)
difficulter (adverb)
difficile (adverb)
difficiliter (adverb)
difficilis (feminine masculine nominative singular)
difficile (neuter nominative singular)
difficilēs (feminine masculine nominative plural)
difficilia (neuter nominative plural)
difficilis (feminine genitive masculine neuter singular)
difficilium (feminine genitive masculine neuter plural)
difficilī (dative feminine masculine neuter singular)
difficilibus (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
difficilem (accusative feminine masculine singular)
difficile (accusative neuter singular)
difficilēs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
difficilīs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
difficilia (accusative neuter plural)
difficilī (ablative feminine masculine neuter singular)
difficilibus (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
difficilis (feminine masculine singular vocative)
difficile (neuter singular vocative)
difficilēs (feminine masculine plural vocative)
difficilia (neuter plural vocative)

Catalan: difícil

Galician: difícil

Italian: difficile

Occitan: dificil

Old French: difficile

English: difficile (obsolete)

French: difficile

Piedmontese: dificil

Portuguese: difícil

Romanian: dificil

Spanish: difícil

[d̪ɪfˈfɪkɪlʲɪs̠]

(of character) obstinate, intractable, hard to please or manage


civitas

la-noun

cīvitās f (genitive cīvitātis); third declension

cīvitās (canonical feminine)
cīvitātis (genitive)
cīvitās (nominative singular)
cīvitātēs (nominative plural)
cīvitātis (genitive singular)
cīvitātum (genitive plural)
cīvitātium (genitive plural)
cīvitātī (dative singular)
cīvitātibus (dative plural)
cīvitātem (accusative singular)
cīvitātēs (accusative plural)
cīvitāte (ablative singular)
cīvitātibus (ablative plural)
cīvitās (singular vocative)
cīvitātēs (plural vocative)

la-ndecl

The genitive plural in -um is the etymologically expected one as well as the more frequent.

Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: tsitati

Istro-Romanian: četåte

Romanian: cetate

Dalmatian:

cituot

Italo-Romance:

desctree

Italian: città, cittade (archaic)
→ Sardinian: tzitade
→ Slavomolisano: čita

Neapolitan: cità, cetate

Sicilian: cità, citati

Padanian:

Gallo-Italic:

Ligurian: çittæ

Lombard: çitâ, citâ

Piedmontese: sità

Friulian: citât

Istriot: sità

Ladin: zità

Romansch: citad

Venetian: sità

Gallo-Romance: (see there for further descendants)

Old Catalan: ciutat

Old French: citet

Old Occitan: ciutat

Ibero-Romance:

Navarro-Aragonese: ciudat, çiudat, ciudad
Aragonese: ziudat, siudat (Benasque)

Old Galician-Portuguese: cidade, çibdade
Galician: cidade, Cidá (toponym)
Portuguese: cidade

Old Leonese: ciubdad
Asturian: ciodá, ciudá
Leonese: ciudá
Mirandese: cidade

Old Spanish: cibdat, çibdad, cipdad, cipdat
Ladino: sivdad
Spanish: ciudad (see there for further descendants)

Insular Romance:

⇒ Sardinian: Sa Chitade

Borrowings:

→ English: civitas

→ Proto-Albanian: [Term?]

Albanian: qytet

→ Proto-Brythonic: *kiwdọd (see there for further descendants)

[ˈkiːu̯ɪt̪äːs̠]

From earlier ceivitās, from Proto-Italic *keiwitāts. Equivalent to cīvis (“citizen”) + -tās.

(Classical Latin) citizenship and its rights; often referring to Roman citizenship

(Classical Latin) the state, body politic, citizens of a territory (collectively)

(Classical Latin, metonymically) a city and all external territory (thus distinguished from urbs)

(Classical Latin, metonymically) city-states, kingdoms, or tribes, especially under Roman rule.

His diebus Langobardi Italia invaserunt, Vincentiam Veronamque et reliquas Venetiarum civitates coepit, et per tres annos Ticino possedit.

In those days that the Lombards invaded Italy, he began Vincentia & Verona and the rest of the Venetian cities, and possessed Ticino for three years.

(Medieval Latin) a city: a major, biblical, or specially incorporated town, particularly cathedral cities

(Medieval Latin) a borough: a walled settlement, sometimes particularly former Roman towns

(Ecclesiastical Latin) either the Church or Heaven


helluo

la-noun

helluō m (genitive helluōnis); third declension

helluō (canonical masculine)
helluōnis (genitive)
helluō (nominative singular)
helluōnēs (nominative plural)
helluōnis (genitive singular)
helluōnum (genitive plural)
helluōnī (dative singular)
helluōnibus (dative plural)
helluōnem (accusative singular)
helluōnēs (accusative plural)
helluōne (ablative singular)
helluōnibus (ablative plural)
helluō (singular vocative)
helluōnēs (plural vocative)

From helluārī + -ō (suffix forming masculine agent nouns, nicknames, and other designations); helluārī is the present active infinitive of helluor (“to be a glutton, gormandize”), further etymology unknown.


paupertas

la-noun

paupertās f (genitive paupertātis); third declension

paupertās (canonical feminine)
paupertātis (genitive)
paupertās (nominative singular)
paupertātēs (nominative plural)
paupertātis (genitive singular)
paupertātum (genitive plural)
paupertātī (dative singular)
paupertātibus (dative plural)
paupertātem (accusative singular)
paupertātēs (accusative plural)
paupertāte (ablative singular)
paupertātibus (ablative plural)
paupertās (singular vocative)
paupertātēs (plural vocative)

Catalan: pobretat

Corsican: puvertà, puvartà

Franco-Provençal: pouvretât

Friulian: puaretât

Italian: povertà

desctree

Old French: poverté
French: pauvreté
Norman: pouôrreté
→ Middle English: poverte
English: poverty

Old Occitan: paubretat, pauretá
Occitan: paubretat, pauretat

Romanian: paupertate

Sicilian: puvirtà, puvirtati

Spanish: pobredad

[päu̯ˈpɛrt̪äːs̠]

Derived from pauper (“poor”) + -tās (“-ty”).

the state of being poor, poverty; need, indigence


helluo librorum

la-noun

helluō librōrum m (genitive helluōnis librōrum); third declension

helluō librōrum (canonical masculine)
helluōnis librōrum (genitive)
helluō librōrum (nominative singular)
helluōnēs librōrum (nominative plural)
helluōnis librōrum (genitive singular)
helluōnum librōrum (genitive plural)
helluōnī librōrum (dative singular)
helluōnibus librōrum (dative plural)
helluōnem librōrum (accusative singular)
helluōnēs librōrum (accusative plural)
helluōne librōrum (ablative singular)
helluōnibus librōrum (ablative plural)
helluō librōrum (singular vocative)
helluōnēs librōrum (plural vocative)


dives

la-adj

dīves (genitive dīvitis, comparative dīvitior, superlative dīvitissimus); third-declension one-termination adjective (non-i-stem)

dīves (canonical)
dīvitis (genitive)
dīvitior (comparative)
dīvitissimus (superlative)
dīves (feminine masculine neuter nominative singular)
dīvitēs (feminine masculine nominative plural)
dīvitis (feminine genitive masculine neuter singular)
dīvitum (feminine genitive masculine neuter plural)
dīvitī (dative feminine masculine neuter singular)
dīvitibus (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
dīvitem (accusative feminine masculine singular)
dīves (accusative neuter singular)
dīvitēs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
dīvite (ablative feminine masculine neuter singular)
dīvitibus (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
dīves (feminine masculine neuter singular vocative)
dīvitēs (feminine masculine plural vocative)

[ˈd̪iːu̯ɛs̠]

From Proto-Indo-European *deywós, the same source as deus (“god”) and dīvus (“divine”). Originally meaning "favored by the gods, blessed, divine".


dives

la-noun

dīves m (genitive dīvitis); third declension

dīves (canonical masculine)
dīvitis (genitive)
dīves (nominative singular)
dīvitēs (nominative plural)
dīvitis (genitive singular)
dīvitum (genitive plural)
dīvitī (dative singular)
dīvitibus (dative plural)
dīvitem (accusative singular)
dīvitēs (accusative plural)
dīvite (ablative singular)
dīvitibus (ablative plural)
dīves (singular vocative)
dīvitēs (plural vocative)

[ˈd̪iːu̯ɛs̠]


leve

lēve n (genitive lēvis); third declension

lēve (canonical neuter)
lēvis (genitive)
lēve (nominative singular)
lēvia (nominative plural)
lēvis (genitive singular)
lēvium (genitive plural)
lēvī (dative singular)
lēvibus (dative plural)
lēve (accusative singular)
lēvia (accusative plural)
lēvī (ablative singular)
lēvibus (ablative plural)
lēve (singular vocative)
lēvia (plural vocative)


satio

satiō f (genitive satiōnis); third declension

satiō (canonical feminine)
satiōnis (genitive)
satiō (nominative singular)
satiōnēs (nominative plural)
satiōnis (genitive singular)
satiōnum (genitive plural)
satiōnī (dative singular)
satiōnibus (dative plural)
satiōnem (accusative singular)
satiōnēs (accusative plural)
satiōne (ablative singular)
satiōnibus (ablative plural)
satiō (singular vocative)
satiōnēs (plural vocative)

North Italian:

Friulian: seson

Gallo-Italic:

Old Ligurian: saxon

Ligurian: saxon

Lombard: sason

Piedmontese: sason

Romansch: saschun

Gallo-Romance:

Old Catalan: saon, saó

desc

Catalan: saó, sasó, sagó, savó, sauó (all regional)

Franco-Provençal: sêson, sâson, sâjon, sâon

Old French: saison (see there for further descendants)

Occitan: sason

Ibero-Romance:

Old Galician-Portuguese: sazon

Galician: sazón

Portuguese: sazão

Spanish: sazón


chlamys

la-noun

chlamys f (genitive chlamydos or chlamydis); third declension

chlamydos (genitive)
chlamydis (genitive)
chlamys (nominative singular)
chlamydes (nominative plural)
chlamydēs (nominative plural)
chlamydos (genitive singular)
chlamydis (genitive singular)
chlamydum (genitive plural)
chlamydī (dative singular)
chlamydibus (dative plural)
chlamyda (accusative singular)
chlamydem (accusative singular)
chlamydas (accusative plural)
chlamydēs (accusative plural)
chlamyde (ablative singular)
chlamydibus (ablative plural)
chlamys (singular vocative)
chlamy (singular vocative)
chlamydes (plural vocative)
chlamydēs (plural vocative)

→ English: chlamys

→ Italian: clamide

→ Spanish: clámide

[ˈkʰɫ̪ämʏs̠]

From the Ancient Greek χλᾰμῠ́ς (khlamús).

chlamys (a broad, woollen upper garment worn in Greece, sometimes purple, and inwrought with gold, worn especially by distinguished military characters, a Grecian military cloak, a state mantle; hence also, the cloak of Pallas; and sometimes also worn by persons not engaged in war, by, e.g., Mercury, Dido, Agrippina, children, actors, the chorus in tragedy, etc.)

Tandem prōgreditur, magnā stīpante catervā,

29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 4.136-137

At last [Dido] comes forth, with a large retinue surrounding her, [and she] wears a Sidonian cloak with an embroidered border.

Sīdoniam pictō chlamydem circumdata limbō.


tutrix

tūtrīx f (genitive tūtrīcis, masculine tūtor); third declension

tūtrīx (canonical feminine)
tūtrīcis (genitive)
tūtor (masculine)
tūtrīx (nominative singular)
tūtrīcēs (nominative plural)
tūtrīcis (genitive singular)
tūtrīcum (genitive plural)
tūtrīcī (dative singular)
tūtrīcibus (dative plural)
tūtrīcem (accusative singular)
tūtrīcēs (accusative plural)
tūtrīce (ablative singular)
tūtrīcibus (ablative plural)
tūtrīx (singular vocative)
tūtrīcēs (plural vocative)


hostis

hostis m or f (genitive hostis); third declension

hostis (genitive)
hostis (nominative singular)
hostēs (nominative plural)
hostis (genitive singular)
hostium (genitive plural)
hostī (dative singular)
hostibus (dative plural)
hostem (accusative singular)
hostēs (accusative plural)
hostīs (accusative plural)
hoste (ablative singular)
hostibus (ablative plural)
hostis (singular vocative)
hostēs (plural vocative)

Aromanian: oasti

Asturian: güeste

Catalan: host

Old French: ost, host

→ English: host

→ French: ost (revival of the Old French word)

→ Norman: hôt (Pays de Bray)

→ Picard: hôt

Galician: hoste

→ Irish: óstach

Italian: oste

Occitan: òst

Portuguese: hoste

Romanian: oaste

Spanish: hueste

[ˈhɔs̠t̪ɪs̠]

From Proto-Italic *hostis, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰóstis (“guest, stranger”), whence also Proto-Germanic *gastiz (English guest) and Proto-Slavic *gostь. Varro (de lingua latina 5.4) confirms this: tum eō verbō dīcēbant peregrīnum …, nunc dīcunt eum quem tum dīcēbant perduellem. ("Back then this word meant a stranger, today it means the same as perduellis - an enemy of the state.").


facilis

la-adj

facilis (neuter facile, comparative facilior, superlative facillimus, adverb facile); third-declension two-termination adjective

facile (neuter)
facilior (comparative)
facillimus (superlative)
facile (adverb)
facilis (feminine masculine nominative singular)
facile (neuter nominative singular)
facilēs (feminine masculine nominative plural)
facilia (neuter nominative plural)
facilis (feminine genitive masculine neuter singular)
facilium (feminine genitive masculine neuter plural)
facilī (dative feminine masculine neuter singular)
facilibus (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
facilem (accusative feminine masculine singular)
facile (accusative neuter singular)
facilēs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
facilīs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
facilia (accusative neuter plural)
facilī (ablative feminine masculine neuter singular)
facilibus (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
facilis (feminine masculine singular vocative)
facile (neuter singular vocative)
facilēs (feminine masculine plural vocative)
facilia (neuter plural vocative)

→ Catalan: fàcil

→ Dalmatian: fázil

→ Middle French: facile

French: facile

→ English: facile

→ Friulian: facil

→ Galician: fácil

→ Italian: facile

Lombard: fazzil

→ Piedmontese: facil

→ Portuguese: fácil

→ Romanian: facil

→ Spanish: fácil

[ˈfäkɪlʲɪs̠]


occasio

la-noun

occāsiō f (genitive occāsiōnis); third declension

occāsiō (canonical feminine)
occāsiōnis (genitive)
occāsiō (nominative singular)
occāsiōnēs (nominative plural)
occāsiōnis (genitive singular)
occāsiōnum (genitive plural)
occāsiōnī (dative singular)
occāsiōnibus (dative plural)
occāsiōnem (accusative singular)
occāsiōnēs (accusative plural)
occāsiōne (ablative singular)
occāsiōnibus (ablative plural)
occāsiō (singular vocative)
occāsiōnēs (plural vocative)

desc

Old French: ochoison, achaison, achoison

Middle French: achoison

Angevin: achaison

Bourguignon: aichoison

Gallo: achaison

Italian: cagione

Old Galician-Portuguese: oqueijon, ocajon

Galician: cajon (archaic)

Portuguese: cajão

→ Proto-Brythonic: *axọs (see there for further descendants)

→ Catalan: ocasió

→ French: occasion (learned)

→ English: occasion

→ Italian: occasione

→ Galician: ocasión

→ Old Irish: accuis, accuiss, acuis; accais, acais (see there for further descendants)

→ Portuguese: ocasião

→ Romanian: ocazie

→ Russian: оказия (okazija)

Sicilian: scaciuni

→ Spanish: ocasión

kairos, the right time, the favorable moment, the opportune moment


civis

la-noun

cīvis m or f (genitive cīvis); third declension

cīvis (canonical feminine masculine)
cīvis (genitive)
cīvis (nominative singular)
cīvēs (nominative plural)
cīvis (genitive singular)
cīvium (genitive plural)
cīvī (dative singular)
cīvibus (dative plural)
cīvem (accusative singular)
cīvēs (accusative plural)
cīvīs (accusative plural)
cīve (ablative singular)
cīvī (ablative singular)
cīvibus (ablative plural)
cīvis (singular vocative)
cīvēs (plural vocative)

→ Italian: cive (learned)

desc

from Old Latin <i class="Latn mention" lang="la">ceivis</i>

→ Oscan: ceus (from Old Latin ceivis)

From Old Latin ceivis, from Proto-Italic *keiwis, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱey- (“to settle, be lying down”).

der

Cīvis rōmānus sum.

(by extension) a subject (i.e., a person subject to a ruler)


volumen

la-noun

volūmen n (genitive volūminis); third declension

volūmen (canonical neuter)
volūminis (genitive)
volūmen (nominative singular)
volūmina (nominative plural)
volūminis (genitive singular)
volūminum (genitive plural)
volūminī (dative singular)
volūminibus (dative plural)
volūmen (accusative singular)
volūmina (accusative plural)
volūmine (ablative singular)
volūminibus (ablative plural)
volūmen (singular vocative)
volūmina (plural vocative)

Asturian: valume, volume

Albanian: vëllim

Catalan: volum

Danish: volumen

Galician: volume

Italian: volume

→ Old French: volume

French: volume

→ English: volume

Polish: wolumen

Serbo-Croatian: volumen

Spanish: volumen

Portuguese: volume

[u̯ɔˈɫ̪uːmɛn]

For *volvimen, *volvumen, from volvō (“roll, turn about”) + -men (noun-forming suffix); hence literally "a thing that is rolled".

suffix

“… pars cētera pontum
pōne legit, sinuatque immēnsa volūmine terga.”
“[Describing the two sea serpents:] the other part [of their bodies] skims the sea behind [them], and bends in a coil [their] immense backs.” – Aeneas

29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 2.207–208


Cicero

la-proper noun

Cicerō m sg (genitive Cicerōnis); third declension

Cicerō (canonical masculine singular)
Cicerōnis (genitive)
Cicerō (nominative singular)
Cicerōnis (genitive singular)
Cicerōnī (dative singular)
Cicerōnem (accusative singular)
Cicerōne (ablative singular)
Cicerō (singular vocative)

Catalan: Ciceró

French: Cicéron

Greek: Κικέρων (Kikéron)

Italian: Cicerone

Portuguese: Cícero

Sicilian: Ciciruni

Spanish: Cicerón

From cicer (“chickpea”) + -ō (suffix forming cognomina), probably in reference to an ancestor’s warts (as none can be seen in any of his portrayals, all done during a time when it was commonplace for artists to sculpt their clients as they were).

affix

Marcus Tullius Cicero
w:Marcus Tullius Cicero

The cognomen (final name) of Marcus Tullius Cicero, a Roman statesman, writer, and orator


tiro

la-noun

tīrō m (genitive tīrōnis); third declension

tīrō (canonical masculine)
tīrōnis (genitive)
tīrō (nominative singular)
tīrōnēs (nominative plural)
tīrōnis (genitive singular)
tīrōnum (genitive plural)
tīrōnī (dative singular)
tīrōnibus (dative plural)
tīrōnem (accusative singular)
tīrōnēs (accusative plural)
tīrōne (ablative singular)
tīrōnibus (ablative plural)
tīrō (singular vocative)
tīrōnēs (plural vocative)

→ Catalan: tiró (learned)

→ Italian: tirone (learned)

beginner, novice, tyro, neophyte, freshman, greenhorn


remissio

remissiō f (genitive remissiōnis); third declension

remissiō (canonical feminine)
remissiōnis (genitive)
remissiō (nominative singular)
remissiōnēs (nominative plural)
remissiōnis (genitive singular)
remissiōnum (genitive plural)
remissiōnī (dative singular)
remissiōnibus (dative plural)
remissiōnem (accusative singular)
remissiōnēs (accusative plural)
remissiōne (ablative singular)
remissiōnibus (ablative plural)
remissiō (singular vocative)
remissiōnēs (plural vocative)

Aragonese: remisión

Asturian: remisión

Catalan: remissió

Corsican: remissione, rimissione

Dutch: remissie

English: remission

French: rémission

Friulian: remission

Galician: remisión

Italian: rimessione

→ Italian: remissione

Ligurian: remisción

Macedonian: ремисија (remisija)

Maltese: remissjoni

Portuguese: remissão

Russian: ремиссия (remissija)

Serbo-Croatian: ремисија, remisija

Sicilian: rimissiuni

Spanish: remisión

Venetian: remisión


talis

la-adj

tālis (neuter tāle, adverb tāliter); third-declension two-termination adjective

tālis (canonical)
tāle (neuter)
tāliter (adverb)
tālis (feminine masculine nominative singular)
tāle (neuter nominative singular)
tālēs (feminine masculine nominative plural)
tālia (neuter nominative plural)
tālis (feminine genitive masculine neuter singular)
tālium (feminine genitive masculine neuter plural)
tālī (dative feminine masculine neuter singular)
tālibus (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
tālem (accusative feminine masculine singular)
tāle (accusative neuter singular)
tālēs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
tālīs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
tālia (accusative neuter plural)
tālī (ablative feminine masculine neuter singular)
tālibus (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
tālis (feminine masculine singular vocative)
tāle (neuter singular vocative)
tālēs (feminine masculine plural vocative)
tālia (neuter plural vocative)

Aragonese: tall

Catalan: tal

Corsican: tali

Extremaduran: tal

French: tel

Friulian: tâl

Galician: tal

Gallurese: tali, tal

Istro-Romanian: tore

Interlingua: tal

Italian: tale

Ligurian: tâ, tâle

Megleno-Romanian: tari

Mirandese: tal

Occitan: tal

Old French: tel, itel

Old Galician-Portuguese: tal, atal

Piedmontese: tal

Portuguese: tal

Romanian: tare ⇒ atare

Sassarese: tari

Sicilian: tali

Spanish: tal

Venetian: tal

[ˈt̪äːlʲɪs̠]

From Proto-Italic *tālis, from Proto-Indo-European *to- (“demonstrative stem”) and maybe *h₂el- (“to grow”) (cf. the sense of indolēs, from this root). Cognate with Ancient Greek τηλίκος (tēlíkos, “of such an age”), Welsh talu (“to pay”), Proto-Slavic *toliko (“this much”).

cog

† Turned conjunction with original meaning somewhat dissimulated° Rare‡only used as a conjunction

… tālibus adgreditur Venerem Sāturnia dictīs: ….

[... Juno, daughter of] Saturn, approaches Venus with such an offer: ….

Quam tū urbem, soror, hanc cernēs, quae surgere rēgna / coniugiō tālī!

“What [about] your city, [my] sister — this you will see! — what a realm [will] arise from such a distinguished union!”
(Anna endorses Dido’s prospective marriage to Aeneas as advantageous for Carthage and its queen.)

so or such a distinguished, great, excellent, or important


ops

opis (genitive)
ops (nominative singular)
opis (genitive singular)
opī (dative singular)
opem (accusative singular)
ope (ablative singular)
ops (singular vocative)

From Proto-Italic *opis, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ep-(i)-, *h₃op-(i)- (“force, ability”), from *h₃ep- base, whence also Sanskrit अप्नस् (ápnas, “property, possession”) and possibly Ancient Greek ὄμπνη (ómpnē, “food”). Related to omnis, optimus and opus.

Alternative letter-case form of Ops (“the goddess of earth's riches and fertility”)


ops

opis (genitive)
ops (nominative singular)
opēs (nominative plural)
opis (genitive singular)
opum (genitive plural)
opī (dative singular)
opibus (dative plural)
opem (accusative singular)
opēs (accusative plural)
ope (ablative singular)
opibus (ablative plural)
ops (singular vocative)
opēs (plural vocative)

Turnus Rutulique … ad florentes opes Etruscorum … confugiunt

27 BCE – 25 BCE, Titus Livius, Ab Urbe Condita I.2

Turnus and the Rutulians resorted to the splendid power of the Etruscans

(in the singular, nominative not in use) strength, power, power to help, property

(in the plural) resources, wealth, riches


plebs

la-noun

The non-i-stem variant is found in Medieval Latin.

plēbs f (genitive plēbis); third declension

plēbs (canonical feminine)
plēbis (genitive)
plēbs (nominative singular)
plēbēs (nominative plural)
plēbis (genitive singular)
plēbium (genitive plural)
plēbum (genitive plural)
plēbī (dative singular)
plēbibus (dative plural)
plēbem (accusative singular)
plēbēs (accusative plural)
plēbīs (accusative plural)
plēbe (ablative singular)
plēbibus (ablative plural)
plēbs (singular vocative)
plēbēs (plural vocative)

Emilian: pev

Friulian: plef, plêv

Italian: pieve

Ladin: plief, plieu, pieue, plié

Ligurian: chieve

Old Occitan: pleu

Piedmontese: piev

Romansch: plaif, plaiv

Venetian: piove

Friulian: plevan

Italian: piovano

Ladin: pluvan, ploan

Piedmontese: piovan

Romansch: plevon, plavan

Venetian: plavan (Muggia)

desctree

→ Proto-Brythonic: *pluɨβ (from the plural)
Breton: ploue
Cornish: pluw
Middle Welsh: plwyf
Welsh: plwyf

→ Catalan: plebs

→ English: plebs, pleb

→ French: plèbe

→ Romanian: plebe

desc

→ Greek: πληβείος (pliveíos), πληβεία f (pliveía)

→ Icelandic: plebbi

→ Italian: plebe

→ Polish: plebs

→ Portuguese: plebe

→ Spanish: plebe

From Old Latin plēbēs, from Proto-Italic *plēðwēs (whence Oscan 𐌐𐌋𐌝𐌚𐌓𐌉𐌊𐌔 (plífriks, “plebeian”, nom. sg.) via *plēðros), from Proto-Indo-European *pl̥h₁dʰwḗh₁s ~ *pl̥h₁dʰuh₁és (whence Ancient Greek πληθῡ́ς (plēthū́s, “crowd”)) from *pleh₁- (“fill”), whence pleō. See also populus.

inh

(countable and uncountable) plebeians, common people


comes

la-noun

comes m or f (genitive comitis); third declension

comitis (genitive)
comes (nominative singular)
comitēs (nominative plural)
comitis (genitive singular)
comitum (genitive plural)
comitī (dative singular)
comitibus (dative plural)
comitem (accusative singular)
comitēs (accusative plural)
comite (ablative singular)
comitibus (ablative plural)
comes (singular vocative)
comitēs (plural vocative)

→ Arabic: قَوْمَس (qawmas)

Aragonese: conte

Asturian: conde

→ Catalan: còmit (learned)

→ English: comes

Friulian: cont

desctree

→ Koine Greek: κόμης (kómēs)
Byzantine Greek: κόμης (kómēs)
Greek: κόμης (kómis)
→ Classical Syriac: ܩܘܡܝܣ (qwmys), ܩܘܡܣ (qwms)
→ Old Armenian: կոմս (koms)
→ Old Georgian: კომსი (ḳomsi)
→ Old Armenian: կոմէս (komēs)

Italian: comito, conte

Old French: cuens, cons (nominative case), conte (oblique case)

→ English: count

→ Romanian: conte

French: comte

→ English: comte

→ Irish: cunta

Norman: coumte

⇒ Old French: conestable (see there for further descendants)

Old Occitan: comte

Catalan: comte

Occitan: comte

Old Galician-Portuguese: conde

Portuguese: conde

→ Romanian: comite

Sicilian: conti

→ Proto-Slavic: *kъmetь

Bulgarian: кмет (kmet)

Czech: kmet

Macedonian: кмет (kmet)

Polish: kmieć

Serbo-Croatian: kmȅt

→ English: kmet

Slovene: kmȅt

Spanish: conde, cómitre

Venetian: conte

From com- (“together”) + -es (“-faring”).

Comitemne sorōrem / sprēvistī moriēns?

29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 4.677-678

“Did you not spurn your sister as a companion in death?”

a companion, comrade, partner, associate


creditor

la-noun

crēditor m (genitive crēditōris); third declension

crēditor (canonical masculine)
crēditōris (genitive)
crēditor (nominative singular)
crēditōrēs (nominative plural)
crēditōris (genitive singular)
crēditōrum (genitive plural)
crēditōrī (dative singular)
crēditōribus (dative plural)
crēditōrem (accusative singular)
crēditōrēs (accusative plural)
crēditōre (ablative singular)
crēditōribus (ablative plural)
crēditor (singular vocative)
crēditōrēs (plural vocative)

Catalan: creditor

English: creditor

French: créditeur

Italian: creditore

Norman: créditeu (Jersey)

Portuguese: credor

Romanian: creditor

Russian: кредито́р (kreditór)

Spanish: acreedor, creedor

From crēditum (“loan”), from crēditus, perfect passive participle of crēdō (“lend”).


agon

agōn m (genitive agōnis); third declension

agōn (canonical masculine)
agōnis (genitive)
agōn (nominative singular)
agōnēs (nominative plural)
agōnis (genitive singular)
agōnum (genitive plural)
agōnī (dative singular)
agōnibus (dative plural)
agōnem (accusative singular)
agōnēs (accusative plural)
agōne (ablative singular)
agōnibus (ablative plural)
agōn (singular vocative)
agōnēs (plural vocative)

→ English: agon (“struggle”)

→ German: Agon

Italian: agone

→ Portuguese: ágon

From Ancient Greek ἀγών (agṓn, “contest”).


examen

exāmen n (genitive exāminis); third declension

exāmen (canonical neuter)
exāminis (genitive)
exāmen (nominative singular)
exāmina (nominative plural)
exāminis (genitive singular)
exāminum (genitive plural)
exāminī (dative singular)
exāminibus (dative plural)
exāmen (accusative singular)
exāmina (accusative plural)
exāmine (ablative singular)
exāminibus (ablative plural)
exāmen (singular vocative)
exāmina (plural vocative)

Balkan Romance:

→ Albanian: shemë

Italo-Romance:

Corsican: insamina

Italian: sciame

Sicilian: sciamu

North Italian:

Friulian: scuam

Lombard: sam

Piedmontese: essam

Romansch: sem, som

Venetian: same, samo

Gallo-Romance:

Catalan: eixam

Franco-Provençal: èssem

French: essaim

Occitan: eissam

Ibero-Romance:

desc

Aragonese: xambre, ixambre, jambre, jambriau, ixame, chambre

Old Galician-Portuguese: eixame

Fala: enxami, enxemi, inxami

Galician: enxame

Portuguese: enxame

desctree

Old Spanish: ensamne
Spanish: enjambre
→ Northern Puebla Nahuatl: jambre

→ Catalan: examen

→ English: examen

→ French: examen

→ Friulian: esam

→ German: Examen

→ Italian: esame

→ Ido: esamo

→ Middle Dutch: examen

Dutch: examen, eksamen (before 1996)
→ Indonesian: eksamen
→ Kwinti: exame
→ Papiamentu: èksamen

→ Polish: egzamin

→ Portuguese: exame

→ Romanian: examen

→ Romansch: examen

→ Russian: экзамен (ekzamen)

→ Spanish: examen

→ Swedish: examen

→ Ukrainian: екзамен (ekzamen)

→ Venetian: exame

[ɛkˈs̠äːmɛn]

From *exagmen, ex- (“out”) + agō (“I drive”) + -men. Compare the meanings again of weighing in Ancient Greek ᾰ̓́ξῐος (áxios) of same root.

examen apum


crimen

la-noun

crīmen n (genitive crīminis); third declension

crīmen (canonical neuter)
crīminis (genitive)
crīmen (nominative singular)
crīmina (nominative plural)
crīminis (genitive singular)
crīminum (genitive plural)
crīminī (dative singular)
crīminibus (dative plural)
crīmen (accusative singular)
crīmina (accusative plural)
crīmine (ablative singular)
crīminibus (ablative plural)
crīmen (singular vocative)
crīmina (plural vocative)

→ Albanian: krim

Aromanian: crimã

Catalan: crim

→ English: crimen

Old French: crime

French: crime

→ Portuguese: crime

→ English: crime

Norman: crînme

Italian: crimine

Romanian: crimă

Romansch: crim

Sicilian: crìmini

→ Spanish: crimen

→ Tagalog: krimen

From Proto-Italic *kreimən, from Proto-Indo-European *kréymn̥, from *krey- (“sieve”) + *-mn̥, equivalent to cernō (“sieve”) + -men (noun-forming suffix). Compare also Ancient Greek κρῖμα (krîma).

suffix

A judicial decision, verdict, or judgment.

(in respect to the accuser) A charge, accusation, reproach; calumny, slander.

(in respect to the accused) The fault one is accused of; crime, misdeed, offence, fault.


naris

la-noun

nāris f (genitive nāris); third declension

nāris (canonical feminine)
nāris (genitive)
nāris (nominative singular)
nārēs (nominative plural)
nāris (genitive singular)
nārium (genitive plural)
nārī (dative singular)
nāribus (dative plural)
nārem (accusative singular)
nārēs (accusative plural)
nārīs (accusative plural)
nāre (ablative singular)
nāribus (ablative plural)
nāris (singular vocative)
nārēs (plural vocative)

Aromanian: nari, nare

Asturian: ñarra

Corsican: naru

English: naris

French: narine

Friulian: narile

Galician: nares (plural, archaic), narno

Portuguese: narina

Romanian: nară

desc

Sardinian: nare, naris, naricre, naricru

Spanish: narina

Walloon: narene

(usually in the plural) (anatomy) A nostril, nose.


virilis

la-adj

virīlis (neuter virīle, comparative virīlior, superlative virīlissimus, adverb virīliter); third-declension two-termination adjective

virīlis (canonical)
virīle (neuter)
virīlior (comparative)
virīlissimus (superlative)
virīliter (adverb)
virīlis (feminine masculine nominative singular)
virīle (neuter nominative singular)
virīlēs (feminine masculine nominative plural)
virīlia (neuter nominative plural)
virīlis (feminine genitive masculine neuter singular)
virīlium (feminine genitive masculine neuter plural)
virīlī (dative feminine masculine neuter singular)
virīlibus (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
virīlem (accusative feminine masculine singular)
virīle (accusative neuter singular)
virīlēs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
virīlīs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
virīlia (accusative neuter plural)
virīlī (ablative feminine masculine neuter singular)
virīlibus (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
virīlis (feminine masculine singular vocative)
virīle (neuter singular vocative)
virīlēs (feminine masculine plural vocative)
virīlia (neuter plural vocative)

Catalan: viril

Dutch: viriel

English: virile

French: viril, virile

Galician: viril, virilla

Italian: virile

Portuguese: viril, virilha

Romanian: viril

Spanish: viril

[u̯ɪˈriːlʲɪs̠]

From vir (“man”, “male human”) + -īlis (suffix forming adjectives from nouns).


mando

la-noun

mandō m (genitive mandōnis); third declension

mandō (canonical masculine)
mandōnis (genitive)
mandō (nominative singular)
mandōnēs (nominative plural)
mandōnis (genitive singular)
mandōnum (genitive plural)
mandōnī (dative singular)
mandōnibus (dative plural)
mandōnem (accusative singular)
mandōnēs (accusative plural)
mandōne (ablative singular)
mandōnibus (ablative plural)
mandō (singular vocative)
mandōnēs (plural vocative)

From mandō (“to chew”) + -ō (noun-forming suffix).


mensis

la-noun

mēnsis m (genitive mēnsis); third declension

mēnsis (canonical masculine)
mēnsis (genitive)
mēnsis (nominative singular)
mēnsēs (nominative plural)
mēnsis (genitive singular)
mēnsium (genitive plural)
mēnsum (genitive plural)
mēnsī (dative singular)
mēnsibus (dative plural)
mēnsem (accusative singular)
mēnsēs (accusative plural)
mēnsīs (accusative plural)
mēnse (ablative singular)
mēnsibus (ablative plural)
mēnsis (singular vocative)
mēnsēs (plural vocative)

Aromanian: mes

Asturian: mes

Catalan: mes

Dalmatian: mais

Franco-Provençal: mês

Old French: mois, meis

French: mois

Norman: mais (Jersey), meis (Guernsey, continental Normandy)

Friulian: mês

Istriot: miz

Italian: mese

Ladin: meis, mens

Ligurian: méize

Megleno-Romanian: mes

Istro-Romanian: mes

Occitan: mes

desctree

Old Galician-Portuguese: mes
Fala: mes
Galician: mes
Portuguese: mês

Romansch: mais

Sardinian: mese, mesi

Sicilian: misi

Spanish: mes

Venetian: méxe

Walloon: moes

From Proto-Italic *mēnsis, extended from *mēns, from Proto-Indo-European *mḗh₁n̥s (“moon, month”), probably from *meh₁- (“to measure”), referring to the moon's phases as the measure of time. Cognate with Ancient Greek μήν (mḗn), μήνη (mḗnē), English month, Scots moneth (“month”), Lithuanian mėnesis (“month”), North Frisian muunt (“month”), Saterland Frisian Mound (“month”), Dutch maand (“month”), German Low German Maand, Monat (“month”), German Monat (“month”), Danish måned (“month”), Swedish månad (“month”), Icelandic mánuður (“month”), Armenian ամիս (amis), Old Irish mí, Old Church Slavonic мѣсѧць (měsęcĭ).

inh

intrā mēnsem


realitas

la-noun

reālitās f (genitive reālitātis); third declension

reālitās (canonical feminine)
reālitātis (genitive)
reālitās (nominative singular)
reālitātēs (nominative plural)
reālitātis (genitive singular)
reālitātum (genitive plural)
reālitātī (dative singular)
reālitātibus (dative plural)
reālitātem (accusative singular)
reālitātēs (accusative plural)
reālitāte (ablative singular)
reālitātibus (ablative plural)
reālitās (singular vocative)
reālitātēs (plural vocative)

Catalan: realitat

German: Realität

Spanish: realidad

→ Hungarian: realitás

→ Indonesian: realitas

Italian: realtà

→ Latvian: realitāte

Portuguese: realidade

French: réalité

English: reality

→ Malay: realiti

→ Luxembourgish: Realitéit

Dutch: realiteit

→ Afrikaans: realiteit

Romanian: realitate

Swedish: realitet

[reˈäːlʲɪt̪äːs̠]


foedus

foedus n (genitive foederis); third declension

foederis (genitive)
foedus (nominative singular)
foedera (nominative plural)
foederis (genitive singular)
foederum (genitive plural)
foederī (dative singular)
foederibus (dative plural)
foedus (accusative singular)
foedera (accusative plural)
foedere (ablative singular)
foederibus (ablative plural)
foedus (singular vocative)
foedera (plural vocative)

⇒ English: federal, foedus rerum

⇒ French: fédéral, fédérale

⇒ Spanish: federal

⇒ Portuguese: federal

Inherited from Proto-Italic *feiðos (“faithful”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeydʰ-os, from *bʰeydʰ- (“to trust”). Same root as fīdō, fidēs, fīdus, and Proto-Germanic *bīdaną. Perhaps a corruption from an o-stem.

inh+

Inde foedus ictum inter duces

27 BCE – 25 BCE, Titus Livius, Ab Urbe Condita I.1

Then a treaty being made between the commanders

(among nations, states, or rulers) treaty, compact, alliance, truce, league

among nations; or rulers; among nations; or rulers

… Nec coniugis umquam / praetendī taedās, aut haec in foedera vēnī.

29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 4.338–339

“Nor did I ever extend the wedding-torches of a bridegroom, or enter into these bonds [with you].”

(among individuals) agreement, bond, contract, compact, pact, pledge, conditions, terms


imago

la-noun

imāgō f (genitive imāginis); third declension

imāgō (canonical feminine)
imāginis (genitive)
imāgō (nominative singular)
imāginēs (nominative plural)
imāginis (genitive singular)
imāginum (genitive plural)
imāginī (dative singular)
imāginibus (dative plural)
imāginem (accusative singular)
imāginēs (accusative plural)
imāgine (ablative singular)
imāginibus (ablative plural)
imāgō (singular vocative)
imāginēs (plural vocative)

Anglo-Norman: ymage, image

Norman: image

Asturian: imaxe

Catalan: imatge

Dutch: imago

English: image, imago

Esperanto: imago

Old Francoprovençal: ymage, ymagena

Franco-Provençal: image, imagina

desctree

French: image
→ Franco-Provençal: émâge
→ Turkish: imaj

Italian: immagine

→ Piedmontese: imàgin, imàgine

Irish: íomhá

Occitan: imatge

Old French: image

Old Irish: ímáig

Old Galician-Portuguese: ymagen

Galician: imaxe

Portuguese: imagem

Piedmontese: image

Romanian: imagine

Scottish Gaelic: ìomhaigh

Sicilian: mmàggini

Spanish: imagen

Swedish: imago

From Proto-Italic *imā + -āgō, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eym- (“to imitate”). Cognate with imitor, aemulus, Old English emn, efn (“equal, level, even”). More at even.

der

image, imitation, likeness, statue, representation


mas

la-noun

mās m (genitive maris); third declension

mās (canonical masculine)
maris (genitive)
mās (nominative singular)
marēs (nominative plural)
maris (genitive singular)
marium (genitive plural)
marum (genitive plural)
marī (dative singular)
maribus (dative plural)
marem (accusative singular)
marēs (accusative plural)
marīs (accusative plural)
mare (ablative singular)
maribus (ablative plural)
mās (singular vocative)
marēs (plural vocative)

Origin unknown. Traditionally theorized to be from Proto-Indo-European *méryos (“young man”), whence Proto-Indo-Iranian *máryas (“young man”), Sanskrit मर्य (márya, “suitor, young man”), Ancient Greek μεῖραξ (meîrax, “young girl”), and Old Armenian մարի (mari, “female bird, hen”). But this cannot account for the resultant phonetics, particularly the a-vocalism.
It has been connected with masturbor and with mālus (“pole”).


mas

la-adj

mās (neuter mare); third-declension two-termination adjective

mās (canonical)
mare (neuter)
mās (feminine masculine nominative singular)
mare (neuter nominative singular)
marēs (feminine masculine nominative plural)
maria (neuter nominative plural)
maris (feminine genitive masculine neuter singular)
marium (feminine genitive masculine neuter plural)
marum (feminine genitive masculine neuter plural)
marī (dative feminine masculine neuter singular)
maribus (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
marem (accusative feminine masculine singular)
mare (accusative neuter singular)
marēs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
marīs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
maria (accusative neuter plural)
marī (ablative feminine masculine neuter singular)
maribus (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
maris (feminine masculine singular vocative)
mare (neuter singular vocative)
marēs (feminine masculine plural vocative)
maria (neuter plural vocative)

Sic mare et femineum secus iungitur, ac diversus utriusque sexus ex dissimilibus simile animal facit

Thus the male and female sex is joined together, and the different sex of each makes a similar animal from the dissimilar.


nectar

la-noun

nectar n sg (genitive nectaris); third declension

nectaris (genitive)
nectar (nominative singular)
nectaris (genitive singular)
nectarī (dative singular)
nectar (accusative singular)
nectare (ablative singular)
nectar (singular vocative)

→ English: nectar

French: nectar

Italian: nettare

Portuguese: néctar

Spanish: néctar

From Ancient Greek νέκταρ (néktar), from Proto-Indo-European *néḱ-tr̥h₂, derived from the roots *neḱ- (“to perish”) and *terh₂- (“to overcome”).

… aut cum liquentia mella
stīpant et dulcī distendunt nectare cellās,

29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 1.432–434

[…], or when [honeybees] press the liquid honey and swell the cells with sweet nectar, or gather the burdens of incoming [bees], ….


definitio

dēfīnītiō f (genitive dēfīnītiōnis); third declension

dēfīnītiō (canonical feminine)
dēfīnītiōnis (genitive)
dēfīnītiō (nominative singular)
dēfīnītiōnēs (nominative plural)
dēfīnītiōnis (genitive singular)
dēfīnītiōnum (genitive plural)
dēfīnītiōnī (dative singular)
dēfīnītiōnibus (dative plural)
dēfīnītiōnem (accusative singular)
dēfīnītiōnēs (accusative plural)
dēfīnītiōne (ablative singular)
dēfīnītiōnibus (ablative plural)
dēfīnītiō (singular vocative)
dēfīnītiōnēs (plural vocative)

→ Finnish: definitio

→ Galician: definición (learned)

Italian: definizione

desctree

Middle French: definition
→ Dutch: definitie
→ English: definition
French: définition
Haitian Creole: definisyon
→ Romanian: definiție
→ Turkish: definisyon, definasyon

→ Portuguese: definição (learned)

→ Russian: дефини́ция (definícija)

Spanish: definición

Ukrainian: дефініція (definicija)

→ Swedish: definition

Derived from dēfīniō (“I limit”, “I define”) + -tiō (“-tion”, noun-forming suffix).


nominator

la-noun

nōminātor m (genitive nōminātōris); third declension

nōminātor (canonical masculine)
nōminātōris (genitive)
nōminātor (nominative singular)
nōminātōrēs (nominative plural)
nōminātōris (genitive singular)
nōminātōrum (genitive plural)
nōminātōrī (dative singular)
nōminātōribus (dative plural)
nōminātōrem (accusative singular)
nōminātōrēs (accusative plural)
nōminātōre (ablative singular)
nōminātōribus (ablative plural)
nōminātor (singular vocative)
nōminātōrēs (plural vocative)


isosceles

la-adj

īsoscelēs (genitive īsoscelis); third-declension one-termination adjective

īsoscelēs (canonical)
īsoscelis (genitive)
īsoscelēs (feminine masculine nominative singular)
īsosceles (neuter nominative singular)
īsoscelēs (neuter nominative singular)
īsoscelēs (feminine masculine nominative plural)
īsoscelia (neuter nominative plural)
īsoscelis (feminine genitive masculine neuter singular)
īsoscelum (feminine genitive masculine neuter plural)
īsoscelium (feminine genitive masculine neuter plural)
īsoscelī (dative feminine masculine neuter singular)
īsoscelibus (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
īsoscelem (accusative feminine masculine singular)
īsosceles (accusative neuter singular)
īsoscelēs (accusative neuter singular)
īsoscelēs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
īsoscelia (accusative neuter plural)
īsoscele (ablative feminine masculine neuter singular)
īsoscelī (ablative feminine masculine neuter singular)
īsoscelibus (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
īsosceles (feminine masculine neuter singular vocative)
īsoscelēs (feminine masculine neuter singular vocative)
īsoscelēs (feminine masculine plural vocative)
īsoscelia (neuter plural vocative)

[iːˈs̠ɔs̠kɛɫ̪eːs̠]

[iːˈs̠ɔs̠kɛɫ̪ɛs̠]

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἰσοσκελής (isoskelḗs), from ἴσος (ísos, “equal”) + σκέλος (skélos, “leg”) + -ής (-ḗs, adjective suffix).

affix

(geometry) isosceles (having equal legs)


ovis

la-noun

ovis f (genitive ovis); third declension

ovis (genitive)
ovis (nominative singular)
ovēs (nominative plural)
ovis (genitive singular)
ovium (genitive plural)
ovī (dative singular)
ovibus (dative plural)
ovem (accusative singular)
ovēs (accusative plural)
ovīs (accusative plural)
ove (ablative singular)
ovī (ablative singular)
ovibus (ablative plural)
ovis (singular vocative)
ovēs (plural vocative)

Aromanian: oai, oae, oie

Istro-Romanian: oie

Italian: ove

Megleno-Romanian: oaiă

Portuguese: Óis

Romanian: oaie

Translingual: Ovis

From Proto-Italic *owis, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ówis (“sheep”) or *h₃éwis. Cognate with Sanskrit अवि (ávi), Ancient Greek ὄϊς (óïs), English ewe, Russian овца́ (ovcá).

Quis ex vobis homo qui habet centum oves, et si perdiderit unam ex illis, nonne dimittit nonaginta novem in deserto, et vadit ad illam quae perierat, donec inveniat illam?

405 CE, Jerome, Vulgate Evangelium secundum Lucam.15.4-5

Who among you, if you had a hundred sheep and one of them got lost, wouldn't leave the other ninety-nine behind and go for the lost one until you found it?


lupanar

lupānar n (genitive lupānāris); third declension

lupānar (canonical neuter)
lupānāris (genitive)
lupānar (nominative singular)
lupānāria (nominative plural)
lupānāris (genitive singular)
lupānārium (genitive plural)
lupānārī (dative singular)
lupānāribus (dative plural)
lupānar (accusative singular)
lupānāria (accusative plural)
lupānārī (ablative singular)
lupānāribus (ablative plural)
lupānar (singular vocative)
lupānāria (plural vocative)

→ English: lupanar

→ French: lupanar

→ Italian: lupanare

→ Polish: lupanar

→ Portuguese: lupanar

→ Romanian: lupanar

→ Spanish: lupanar

[ɫ̪ʊˈpäːnäːr]

[ɫ̪ʊˈpäːnär]

Apocope of earlier *lupānāre, a neuter relative adjective equivalent to lupa (“a she-wolf → prostitute”) + -ānus + -āris (both relative adjective suffixes).

af

qui in lupanari accubat.


anastasis

la-noun

anastasis f (genitive anastasis); third declension

anastasis (genitive)
anastasis (nominative singular)
anastasēs (nominative plural)
anastasis (genitive singular)
anastasium (genitive plural)
anastasī (dative singular)
anastasibus (dative plural)
anastasim (accusative singular)
anastasēs (accusative plural)
anastasīs (accusative plural)
anastasī (ablative singular)
anastasibus (ablative plural)
anastasis (singular vocative)
anastasēs (plural vocative)

[äˈnäs̠t̪äs̠ɪs̠]

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἀνάστασις (anástasis).

For quotations using this term, see Citations:anastasis.


rigor

rigor m (genitive rigōris); third declension

rigōris (genitive)
rigor (nominative singular)
rigōrēs (nominative plural)
rigōris (genitive singular)
rigōrum (genitive plural)
rigōrī (dative singular)
rigōribus (dative plural)
rigōrem (accusative singular)
rigōrēs (accusative plural)
rigōre (ablative singular)
rigōribus (ablative plural)
rigor (singular vocative)
rigōrēs (plural vocative)

Catalan: rigor

English: rigor, rigour

French: rigueur

Galician: rigor

Italian: rigore

Piedmontese: rigor

Polish: rygor

Portuguese: rigor

Romanian: rigoare

Spanish: rigor


vigor

vigor m (genitive vigōris); third declension

vigōris (genitive)
vigor (nominative singular)
vigōrēs (nominative plural)
vigōris (genitive singular)
vigōrum (genitive plural)
vigōrī (dative singular)
vigōribus (dative plural)
vigōrem (accusative singular)
vigōrēs (accusative plural)
vigōre (ablative singular)
vigōribus (ablative plural)
vigor (singular vocative)
vigōrēs (plural vocative)

Catalan: vigor

English: vigor / vigour

French: vigueur

Galician: vigor

Italian: vigore

Piedmontese: vigur

Portuguese: vigor

Romanian: vigoare

Spanish: vigor


podex

pōdex m (genitive pōdicis); third declension

pōdex (canonical masculine)
pōdicis (genitive)
pōdex (nominative singular)
pōdicēs (nominative plural)
pōdicis (genitive singular)
pōdicum (genitive plural)
pōdicī (dative singular)
pōdicibus (dative plural)
pōdicem (accusative singular)
pōdicēs (accusative plural)
pōdice (ablative singular)
pōdicibus (ablative plural)
pōdex (singular vocative)
pōdicēs (plural vocative)

An ablaut formation from Proto-Indo-European *pesd- (“fart”).

[…] hietque turpis inter aridas natis podex […]

[…] and an anus yawning between arid buttocks […]


aedis

aedis f (genitive aedis); third declension

aedis (genitive)
aedis (nominative singular)
aedēs (nominative plural)
aedis (genitive singular)
aedium (genitive plural)
aedī (dative singular)
aedibus (dative plural)
aedem (accusative singular)
aedēs (accusative plural)
aedīs (accusative plural)
aede (ablative singular)
aedibus (ablative plural)
aedis (singular vocative)
aedēs (plural vocative)

From Proto-Italic *aiðes, genitive of *aits, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éydʰ-s, from *h₂eydʰ- (“to ignite; fire”).

(in the plural) house, abode (for people)


sutor

sūtor m (genitive sūtōris, feminine sūtrīx); third declension

sūtor (canonical masculine)
sūtōris (genitive)
sūtrīx (feminine)
sūtor (nominative singular)
sūtōrēs (nominative plural)
sūtōris (genitive singular)
sūtōrum (genitive plural)
sūtōrī (dative singular)
sūtōribus (dative plural)
sūtōrem (accusative singular)
sūtōrēs (accusative plural)
sūtōre (ablative singular)
sūtōribus (ablative plural)
sūtor (singular vocative)
sūtōrēs (plural vocative)

Old French: suor

Middle French: sueur

→ Proto-West Germanic: *sūtārī (see there for further descendants)

From suō (“I sew, stitch, join, fasten together”).

77, Pliny the Elder, Natural History, 35.86 http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/L/Roman/Texts/Pliny_the_Elder/35*.html (translation Eugene Ehrlich, Say It in Latin, →ISBN
Ne supra crepidam sutor iudicaret. — The cobbler should not judge above the sandal.


albugo

albūgō f (genitive albūginis); third declension

albūgō (canonical feminine)
albūginis (genitive)
albūgō (nominative singular)
albūginēs (nominative plural)
albūginis (genitive singular)
albūginum (genitive plural)
albūginī (dative singular)
albūginibus (dative plural)
albūginem (accusative singular)
albūginēs (accusative plural)
albūgine (ablative singular)
albūginibus (ablative plural)
albūgō (singular vocative)
albūginēs (plural vocative)

→ English: albugo

Catalan: albugínia

Spanish: albúgine

[äɫ̪ˈbuːɡoː]


occiput

occiput n (genitive occipitis); third declension

occipitis (genitive)
occiput (nominative singular)
occipita (nominative plural)
occipitis (genitive singular)
occipitum (genitive plural)
occipitī (dative singular)
occipitibus (dative plural)
occiput (accusative singular)
occipita (accusative plural)
occipite (ablative singular)
occipitī (ablative singular)
occipitibus (ablative plural)
occiput (singular vocative)
occipita (plural vocative)

English: occiput

French: occiput

Italian: occipite

Portuguese: occiput

Sicilian: uccìpiti

From ob- (“at, before, over”) + caput (“the head”).

affix

(anatomy) The back part of the head, the poll; occiput.


meningitis

la-noun

mēningītis f (genitive mēningītidis); third declension

mēningītis (canonical feminine)
mēningītidis (genitive)
mēningītis (nominative singular)
mēningītidēs (nominative plural)
mēningītidis (genitive singular)
mēningītidum (genitive plural)
mēningītidī (dative singular)
mēningītidibus (dative plural)
mēningītidem (accusative singular)
mēningītidēs (accusative plural)
mēningītide (ablative singular)
mēningītidibus (ablative plural)
mēningītis (singular vocative)
mēningītidēs (plural vocative)

From Ancient Greek μῆνῐγξ (mêninx) + -ītis.


interrete

interrēte n (genitive interrētis); third declension

interrēte (canonical neuter)
interrētis (genitive)
interrēte (nominative singular)
interrētia (nominative plural)
interrētis (genitive singular)
interrētium (genitive plural)
interrētī (dative singular)
interrētibus (dative plural)
interrēte (accusative singular)
interrētia (accusative plural)
interrēte (ablative singular)
interrētī (ablative singular)
interrētibus (ablative plural)
interrēte (singular vocative)
interrētia (plural vocative)

[ɪn̪t̪ɛrˈreːt̪ɛ]

A neologism, from inter- (“between”) + rēte (“net”), a phono-semantic matching of English Internet.

psm

Usurpatio si quae erit aliorum communicationis instrumentorum recentium, qualia sunt: similaria, telephonia cellularia, interrete...

1999, Congregatio pro Institutis Vitae Consecratae et Societatibus Vitae Apostolicae, Verbi Sponsa: Instructio de vita contemplativa deque monialium clausura., Vatican

If there will be usage of other, more recent instruments of communication, such as fax machines, cellphones and the Internet...

2000, Versio anglica hujus parvae comoediae per Interrete apud gregem c.t. LatinTeach apparuit. (The English version of this playlet appeared on the Internet in the LatinTeach list.)

Texas Classical Association (translation from same) https://web.archive.org/web/20051111073013/http://www.txclassics.org/brennussaturnalia.htm#english

2001, Antonius Pelosi, Lingua Latina Peculiare Signum Unitatis et Universalitatis Ecclesiae. http://digital.fides.org.pl/Content/102/Pelosi.pdf, Latinitas (Sep. 2001), reprinted in Warszawskie Studia Teologiczne (XIII/2000, pages 191-198)

Furthermore, radio stations in Finland and Czechia broadcast the news in Latin, which is also published on the internet...

Praeterea in Finnia et in Bohemia Stationes Radiophonicae nuntios Latina emittunt lingua, qui per interrete quoque vulgantur...

Haud aliter, crede mihi, nisi per Interrete linguae Latinae studium inter iuniores potissimum temporibus futuris propagabitur.

2006, Annula E. Llewellyn, Annula E. Llewellyn Reverendissimo domino archiepiscopo Leonardo Sandri s.pl.d., Latinitas Opus Fundatum in Civitate Vaticana

In hardly any other way, believe me, save through the Internet will the study of the Latin language be spread among the youth in the future.


compositor

la-noun

compositor m (genitive compositōris); third declension

compositōris (genitive)
compositor (nominative singular)
compositōrēs (nominative plural)
compositōris (genitive singular)
compositōrum (genitive plural)
compositōrī (dative singular)
compositōribus (dative plural)
compositōrem (accusative singular)
compositōrēs (accusative plural)
compositōre (ablative singular)
compositōribus (ablative plural)
compositor (singular vocative)
compositōrēs (plural vocative)

Catalan: compositor

French: compositeur

Galician: compositor

Italian: compositore

Portuguese: compositor

Romanian: compozitor

Spanish: compositor

compositus, perfect passive participle of compōnō (“to arrange”) + -tor


iuvenis

iuvenis m or f (genitive iuvenis); third declension

iuvenis (genitive)
iuvenis (nominative singular)
iuvenēs (nominative plural)
iuvenis (genitive singular)
iuvenum (genitive plural)
iuvenī (dative singular)
iuvenibus (dative plural)
iuvenem (accusative singular)
iuvenēs (accusative plural)
iuvene (ablative singular)
iuvenibus (ablative plural)
iuvenis (singular vocative)
iuvenēs (plural vocative)

[ˈi̯uː̯ɛnɪs̠]

From Proto-Italic *juwenis, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂yéwHō. Cognate with Sanskrit युवन् (yúvan), Persian جوان (javân), Old Irish óc (early OIr: óac), Old English ġeong (whence English young).

A youth, a young man, young woman, young adult (between ages 20-40), (older than an adulescens but younger than a senior/senex)


iuvenis

la-adj

iuvenis (genitive iuvenis, comparative iūnior or iuvenior); third-declension one-termination adjective (non-i-stem)

iuvenis (genitive)
iūnior (comparative)
iuvenior (comparative)
iuvenis (feminine masculine nominative)
iuvenēs (feminine masculine nominative)
iuvenis (feminine genitive masculine)
iuvenum (feminine genitive masculine)
iuvenī (dative feminine masculine)
iuvenibus (dative feminine masculine)
iuvenem (accusative feminine masculine)
iuvenēs (accusative feminine masculine)
iuvene (ablative feminine masculine)
iuvenibus (ablative feminine masculine)
iuvenis (feminine masculine vocative)
iuvenēs (feminine masculine vocative)

Balkan Romance

Aromanian: gioni

Romanian: june

Dalmatian:

jaun

Italo-Romance:

Italian: gióvane, gióvine

desc

→ Sardinian: giòvanu, giòvono, giòvonu, giòvunu, ciòanu, zòbanu

Sicilian: jùvini, giùvini (the latter influenced by Italian)

North Italian:

Gallo-Italic:

Old Ligurian: zovem

Ligurian: zoêno, zóveno, zove

Lombard: joven, joen, join, joegn, juign

Piedmontese: giovo, gio, giou, giòu, giovi, zon

Friulian: zovin

Istriot: zuvena

Romansch: giuven, gioven (Surmiran)

Venetian: zóvane

Gallo-Romance:

Catalan: jove

Franco-Provençal: joueno

Gascon: joen

Occitan: jove

Ibero-Romance:

Aragonese: choven

Asturian: xoven

Old Galician-Portuguese: [Term?]

Galician: xove (rare)

Portuguese: jovem, (northern:) jove

Spanish: joven

desctree

Vulgar Latin: *iŏvenem
Italo-Romance:
Italian: giòvane (Tuscan variant)
North Italian:
Emilian: zòvan
Venetian: zòvane
Gallo-Romance:
Old French: juene (see there for further descendants)

[ˈi̯uː̯ɛnɪs̠]

Diu inter primores iuvenum Romanorum silentium fuit

27 BCE – 25 BCE, Titus Livius, Ab Urbe Condita 7.10.1.1

1924 translation by Benjamin Oliver Foster
The young Roman nobles were for a long time silent.

Suadere etiam Prisco ne supra principem scanderet, ne Vespasianum senem triumphalem, iuvenum liberorum patrem, praeceptis coerceret.

c. 100 CE – 110 CE, Tacitus, Histories 4.8.18

Si quis grandis natu parens est, miserebitur senis, si quis iuvenis filius, miserebitur adolescentis.

before late 4th century CE, pseudo-Quintilian, Declamationes Maiores 9.23.12

If anyone is an aged parent, he will commiserate with the old; if anyone is a young son, he will commiserate with the young.


gubernator

la-noun

gubernātor m (genitive gubernātōris, feminine gubernātrīx); third declension

gubernātor (canonical masculine)
gubernātōris (genitive)
gubernātrīx (feminine)
gubernātor (nominative singular)
gubernātōrēs (nominative plural)
gubernātōris (genitive singular)
gubernātōrum (genitive plural)
gubernātōrī (dative singular)
gubernātōribus (dative plural)
gubernātōrem (accusative singular)
gubernātōrēs (accusative plural)
gubernātōre (ablative singular)
gubernātōribus (ablative plural)
gubernātor (singular vocative)
gubernātōrēs (plural vocative)

Franco-Provençal: govèrnor

Gallo-Italic

Emilian: gvernatåur

Lombard: governatur

Piedmontese: guvernatur

Sicilian: governaturi

Italo-Dalmatian

Corsican: guvernatore, guvernadore

Italian: governatore

Istriot: guvarnadur

desctree

Old French: gouvreneur, governeor, governur
Middle French: gouverneur
French: gouverneur (see there for further descendants)
→ Middle Dutch: gouverneur
Dutch: gouverneur
Afrikaans: goewerneur
Negerhollands: guwerneer
→ Lokono: gouverneur
→ Indonesian: gubernur
Limburgish: goevernäör
→ German: Gouverneur
Norman: gouvernaeux, gouverneux (Guernsey), gouvèrneux (Jersey)
Walloon: gouverneûr
→ Middle English: governour, governor, governoure, governowre, governur
English: governor (see there for further descendants)
Scots: governour
Yola: governere

Old Occitan: governador

Occitan: governador

Old Catalan: governador

Catalan: governador

Rhaeto-Romance

Friulian: guviernadôr

Ladin: goernador

Romansch: guvernatur

Sabir: gobernator

Sardinian: cuberradore

West Iberian

Old Leonese:

Asturian: gobernador, gobernaor

Mirandese: gobernador

Old Galician-Portuguese: governador

Galician: gobernador

Portuguese: governador (see there for further descendants)

Old Spanish: gouernador

Ladino: gobernador

Spanish: gobernador (see there for further descendants)

→ Bulgarian: губернатор (gubernator)

→ English: gubernator

→ Georgian: გუბერნატორი (gubernaṭori)

→ Hindi: गवर्नर (gavarnar)

→ Latvian: gubernators

→ Macedonian: губернатор (gubernator)

→ Polish: gubernator

→ Ukrainian: губерна́тор (hubernátor)

→ Romanian: guvernator

→ Russian: губерна́тор (gubernátor)

→ Tajik: губернатор (gubernator)

[ɡʊbɛrˈnäːt̪ɔr]

From gubernō (“to pilot, govern”) + -tor.

In tranquillo esse quisque gubernator potest.

Unknown origin, often attributed to Publilius Syrus (1st Century BCE)

In a calm sea anyone can be the helmsman.


fluor

la-noun

fluor m (genitive fluōris); third declension

fluōris (genitive)
fluor (nominative singular)
fluōrēs (nominative plural)
fluōris (genitive singular)
fluōrum (genitive plural)
fluōrī (dative singular)
fluōribus (dative plural)
fluōrem (accusative singular)
fluōrēs (accusative plural)
fluōre (ablative singular)
fluōribus (ablative plural)
fluor (singular vocative)
fluōrēs (plural vocative)

From fluō (“I flow”) + -or, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰlew- (“to swell, flow”).


aedilis

la-noun

aedīlis m (genitive aedīlis); third declension

aedīlis (canonical masculine)
aedīlis (genitive)
aedīlis (nominative singular)
aedīlēs (nominative plural)
aedīlis (genitive singular)
aedīlium (genitive plural)
aedīlī (dative singular)
aedīlibus (dative plural)
aedīlem (accusative singular)
aedīlēs (accusative plural)
aedīlīs (accusative plural)
aedīlī (ablative singular)
aedīlibus (ablative plural)
aedīlis (singular vocative)
aedīlēs (plural vocative)

→ Catalan: edil (learned)

→ English: aedile

→ French: édile

→ German: Ädil

→ Ancient Greek: αἰδίλης (aidílēs)

→ Portuguese: edil

→ Spanish: edil

[äe̯ˈd̪iːlʲɪs̠]

From Proto-Italic *aiðīlis. See aedēs (“building”) (< Proto-Italic *aiðes, genitive of *aits, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éydʰ-s, from *h₂eydʰ- (“to ignite; fire”)).


pater familias

pater familiās m (genitive patris familiās, feminine māter familiās); third declension

pater familiās (canonical masculine)
patris familiās (genitive)
māter familiās (feminine)
pater familiās (nominative singular)
patrēs familiās (nominative plural)
patrēs familiārum (nominative plural)
patris familiās (genitive singular)
patrum familiās (genitive plural)
patrum familiārum (genitive plural)
patrī familiās (dative singular)
patribus familiās (dative plural)
patribus familiārum (dative plural)
patrem familiās (accusative singular)
patrēs familiās (accusative plural)
patrēs familiārum (accusative plural)
patre familiās (ablative singular)
patribus familiās (ablative plural)
patribus familiārum (ablative plural)
pater familiās (singular vocative)
patrēs familiās (plural vocative)
patrēs familiārum (plural vocative)

→ French: père de famille (calque)

Italian: padrefamiglia;

→ Portuguese: pai de família (calque)

→ Sicilian: patri di famigghia (calque)

→ Spanish: padre de familia (calque)

[ˈpät̪ɛr fäˈmɪlʲiäːs̠]

From pater (“father”) + familiās, an archaic genitive of familia (“family", "household”), literally meaning "father of the family" or "father of the household".


colophon

colophōn m (genitive colophōnis); third declension

colophōn (canonical masculine)
colophōnis (genitive)
colophōn (nominative singular)
colophōnēs (nominative plural)
colophōnis (genitive singular)
colophōnum (genitive plural)
colophōnī (dative singular)
colophōnibus (dative plural)
colophōnem (accusative singular)
colophōnēs (accusative plural)
colophōne (ablative singular)
colophōnibus (ablative plural)
colophōn (singular vocative)
colophōnēs (plural vocative)

[ˈkɔɫ̪ɔpʰoːn]


Sidon

la-proper noun

Sīdōn f sg (genitive Sīdōnis); third declension

Sīdōn (canonical feminine singular)
Sīdōnis (genitive)
Sīdōn (nominative singular)
Sīdōnis (genitive singular)
Sīdōnī (dative singular)
Sīdōnem (accusative singular)
Sīdōne (ablative singular)
Sīdōn (singular vocative)
Sīdōnī (locative singular)
Sīdōne (locative singular)

English: Sidon

Catalan: Sidó

French: Sidon

Italian: Sidone

Ligurian: Sidón

Lombard: Sidun

Portuguese: Sídon

Romanian: Sidon

Sicilian: Siduni

Spanish: Sidón

From Ancient Greek Σιδών (Sidṓn), from Phoenician 𐤑𐤉𐤃𐤅𐤍 (ṣydwn).

Sidon (a city-state in Levant in Phoenicia) (a Phoenician city in modern Lebanon)


sulpur

la-noun

sulpur n (genitive sulpuris); third declension

sulpuris (genitive)
sulpur (nominative singular)
sulpura (nominative plural)
sulpuris (genitive singular)
sulpurum (genitive plural)
sulpurī (dative singular)
sulpuribus (dative plural)
sulpur (accusative singular)
sulpura (accusative plural)
sulpure (ablative singular)
sulpuribus (ablative plural)
sulpur (singular vocative)
sulpura (plural vocative)


captor

captor m (genitive captōris, feminine captrīx); third declension

captōris (genitive)
captrīx (feminine)
captor (nominative singular)
captōrēs (nominative plural)
captōris (genitive singular)
captōrum (genitive plural)
captōrī (dative singular)
captōribus (dative plural)
captōrem (accusative singular)
captōrēs (accusative plural)
captōre (ablative singular)
captōribus (ablative plural)
captor (singular vocative)
captōrēs (plural vocative)

English: captor

Portuguese: captor

Spanish: captor

From the verb capīo (“I take, capture, seize”).


turbo

turbō m (genitive turbinis); third declension

turbō (canonical masculine)
turbinis (genitive)
turbō (nominative singular)
turbinēs (nominative plural)
turbinis (genitive singular)
turbinum (genitive plural)
turbinī (dative singular)
turbinibus (dative plural)
turbinem (accusative singular)
turbinēs (accusative plural)
turbine (ablative singular)
turbinibus (ablative plural)
turbō (singular vocative)
turbinēs (plural vocative)

→ Catalan: torb

desctree

→ French: turbine
→ Catalan: turbina
→ Danish: turbine
→ English: turbine
→ Galician: turbina
→ Italian: turbina
→ Norwegian Bokmål: turbin
→ Norwegian Nynorsk: turbin
→ Portuguese: turbina
→ Serbo-Croatian: turbína, турби́на
→ Spanish: turbina

Old Galician-Portuguese: torvon

Portuguese: trovão

Galician: trebón

Old Spanish: turbón

Spanish: turbón, turbión, tolvanera

Polish: turbować

Ukrainian: турбувати (turbuvaty)

Belarusian: турбава́ць (turbavácʹ)

⇒ Vulgar Latin: *turbininus

Catalan: terbolí

Old Spanish: torbelino, torbenino

Spanish: torbellino

Sicilian: tùrbinu