-abilis

-ābilis (canonical)
-ābile (neuter)
-ābilis (feminine masculine nominative singular)
-ābile (neuter nominative singular)
-ābilēs (feminine masculine nominative plural)
-ābilia (neuter nominative plural)
-ābilis (feminine genitive masculine neuter singular)
-ābilium (feminine genitive masculine neuter plural)
-ābilī (dative feminine masculine neuter singular)
-ābilibus (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
-ābilem (accusative feminine masculine singular)
-ābile (accusative neuter singular)
-ābilēs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
-ābilīs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
-ābilia (accusative neuter plural)
-ābilī (ablative feminine masculine neuter singular)
-ābilibus (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
-ābilis (feminine masculine singular vocative)
-ābile (neuter singular vocative)
-ābilēs (feminine masculine plural vocative)
-ābilia (neuter plural vocative)

Catalan: -able

English: -able

French: -able

Galician: -ábel, -able

Interlingua: -abile

Italian: -abile, -evole

Norwegian Bokmål: -abel

Portuguese: -ável

Romanian: -bil

desc

комфортабельный

Russian: читабельный (čitabelʹnyj), комфортабельный (komfortabelʹnyj)

Sicilian: -àbbili

Spanish: -able

By rebracketing of words such as amābilis (which comes from amāre, amō), where -ā- is part of the stem of a first conjugation verb. The word habilis (“proper, apt”) is sometimes incorrectly stated as being the origin of the suffix, but instead came from earlier *habibilis, from habeō + -ibilis, and was reduced by haplology.

exitium + -abilis → exitiābilis

ratiō + -abilis → ratiōnābilis

amīcus + -abilis → amīcābilis

capiō + -abilis → capābilis

perniciēs + -abilis → perniciābilis


lysis

la-noun

lysis f (genitive lysis or lyseōs or lysios); third declension

lysis (genitive)
lyseōs (genitive)
lysios (genitive)
lysis (nominative singular)
lysēs (nominative plural)
lyseis (nominative plural)
lysis (genitive singular)
lyseōs (genitive singular)
lysios (genitive singular)
lysium (genitive plural)
lysī (dative singular)
lysibus (dative plural)
lysim (accusative singular)
lysin (accusative singular)
lysem (accusative singular)
lysēs (accusative plural)
lysīs (accusative plural)
lysī (ablative singular)
lyse (ablative singular)
lysibus (ablative plural)
lysis (singular vocative)
lysi (singular vocative)
lysēs (plural vocative)
lyseis (plural vocative)

English: lysis


Orion

la-proper noun

Ōrīōn m sg (genitive Ōrīōnis); third declension

Ōrīōn (canonical masculine singular)
Ōrīōnis (genitive)
Ōrīōn (nominative singular)
Ōrīōnis (genitive singular)
Ōrīōnī (dative singular)
Ōrīōnem (accusative singular)
Ōrīōne (ablative singular)
Ōrīōn (singular vocative)

→ Middle English: Orioun (learned)

English: Orion

→ Portuguese: Orion (learned)


lepus

la-noun

lepus m (genitive leporis); third declension

leporis (genitive)
lepus (nominative singular)
leporēs (nominative plural)
leporis (genitive singular)
leporum (genitive plural)
leporī (dative singular)
leporibus (dative plural)
leporem (accusative singular)
leporēs (accusative plural)
lepore (ablative singular)
leporibus (ablative plural)
lepus (singular vocative)
leporēs (plural vocative)

Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: ljepuri

Romanian: iepure

Dalmatian:

lipro

Italo-Romance:

>? Corsican: levra

Italian: lepre

>? Sicilian: lepru, dièvuru, lebbru

→ Maltese: liebru

Padanian:

Gallo-Italic:

Piedmontese: levr

Romagnol: lìvri

Friulian: jeur

Ladin: liever

Romansch: lieur

Venetian: liéore

Gallo-Romance:

Catalan: llebre

Franco-Provençal: liévra

Old French: lievre (see there for further descendants)

Occitan: lèbre

Ibero-Romance:

Aragonese: liebre

Asturian: llebre

Galician: lebre

Portuguese: lebre

desctree

Old Spanish: liebre
Spanish: liebre
→ Tagalog: liyebre

Insular Romance:

Old Corsican: [Term?]

Gallurese: lepparu

Sassarese: lepparu

Sardinian: leppore

Borrowings:

→ Proto-Albanian: [Term?]

desc

Albanian: lepur, lepër — Gheg; lepën — Gheg

→ Translingual: Lepus

Unknown. Perhaps not an Indo-European word. It may be of Iberian origin, or else of Celtiberian substrate origin and related to Massaliot λεβηρίς (lebērís, “European rabbit”).

Sextus videt leporem.

et lepus inpavidus mediīs errāvit in arvīs

and hares wandered, unafraid, among the fields

Nōn sunt minus mīra quae dē lepore marīnō trāduntur.

23 CE – 79 CE, Pliny the Elder, Nātūrālis Historia 32.3

No less wonderful, too, are the particulars which we find stated relative to the sea-hare.

a poisonous sea fish colored like the hare

Leporis autem hanc historiam memoriae prōdidērunt.

The following story of the Hare has been recorded.


inferior

īnferior (canonical)
īnferius (neuter)
īnferior (feminine masculine nominative singular)
īnferius (neuter nominative singular)
īnferiōrēs (feminine masculine nominative plural)
īnferiōra (neuter nominative plural)
īnferiōris (feminine genitive masculine neuter singular)
īnferiōrum (feminine genitive masculine neuter plural)
īnferiōrī (dative feminine masculine neuter singular)
īnferiōribus (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
īnferiōrem (accusative feminine masculine singular)
īnferius (accusative neuter singular)
īnferiōrēs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
īnferiōra (accusative neuter plural)
īnferiōre (ablative feminine masculine neuter singular)
īnferiōribus (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
īnferior (feminine masculine singular vocative)
īnferius (neuter singular vocative)
īnferiōrēs (feminine masculine plural vocative)
īnferiōra (neuter plural vocative)

→ Catalan: inferior

→ English: inferior

→ French: inférieur

→ Galician: inferior

→ Italian: inferiore

→ Occitan: inferior

→ Portuguese: inferior

→ Spanish: inferior

comparative degree of īnferus; lower in situation or place

Subsequent, later, latter in time or succession

et quotiēns steterīs domitō sublīmis in orbe,

And whenever you will stand exalted for having conquered the world,
may everything be lower than your shoulders!
(The poet foretells the eventual dominion of the Roman Empire now that Romulus has founded the city of Rome.)

Inferior or lower in quality, rank, or number


prior

la-adj

prior (neuter prius, superlative prīmus); third-declension comparative adjective

prius (neuter)
prīmus (superlative)
prior (feminine masculine nominative singular)
prius (neuter nominative singular)
priōrēs (feminine masculine nominative plural)
priōra (neuter nominative plural)
priōris (feminine genitive masculine neuter singular)
priōrum (feminine genitive masculine neuter plural)
priōrī (dative feminine masculine neuter singular)
priōribus (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
priōrem (accusative feminine masculine singular)
prius (accusative neuter singular)
priōrēs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
priōra (accusative neuter plural)
priōre (ablative feminine masculine neuter singular)
priōribus (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
prior (feminine masculine singular vocative)
prius (neuter singular vocative)
priōrēs (feminine masculine plural vocative)
priōra (neuter plural vocative)

→ Catalan: prior

→ Czech: převor

→ Dutch: prior

→ English: prior

→ Finnish: priori

→ French: prieur

→ Irish: prióir

→ Galician: prior

→ Italian: priore

→ Middle High German: prior

German: Prior

→ Norwegian Bokmål: priori

→ Polish: przeor

→ Romanian: prior

→ Russian: приор (prior)

→ Spanish: prior

→ Portuguese: prior

From Proto-Italic *priōs, from earlier *prijōs, from *pri + *-jōs, thus the comparative degree of Old Latin *pri (“before”), from Proto-Italic *pri from Proto-Indo-European *per- (“beyond”), *pró (“before”).

priore anno

the year before, the previous year; during the year before

priore aestate

priore nocte

Q. Fuluio Ap. Claudio, prioris anni consulibus, prorogatum imperium est atque exercitus quos habebant decreti, adiectumque ne a Capua quam obsidebant abscederent priusquam expugnassent.

27 BCE – 25 BCE, Titus Livius, Ab Urbe Condita 26.1

The military authority of Quintus Fulvius and Appius Claudius, consuls of the previous year, was extended and the armies which they had were decided upon, and it was added as a proviso that they should not withdraw from Capua, which they were besieging, until they conquered it.

former, prior, previous, earlier (preceding in time)

… tē propter eundem / exstīnctus pudor et, quā sōlā sīdera adībam, / fāma prior. …

29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 4.321–323

“Likewise, because of you, my sense of honor is gone, and a better reputation which was my only way to the stars.”
(As a widow, Dido's chastity and devotion to the memory of her first husband would have been well-regarded in Augustan Rome.)

(substantive, Medieval Latin) abbot, prior


superior

superius (neuter)
superior (feminine masculine nominative singular)
superius (neuter nominative singular)
superiōrēs (feminine masculine nominative plural)
superiōra (neuter nominative plural)
superiōris (feminine genitive masculine neuter singular)
superiōrum (feminine genitive masculine neuter plural)
superiōrī (dative feminine masculine neuter singular)
superiōribus (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
superiōrem (accusative feminine masculine singular)
superius (accusative neuter singular)
superiōrēs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
superiōra (accusative neuter plural)
superiōre (ablative feminine masculine neuter singular)
superiōribus (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
superior (feminine masculine singular vocative)
superius (neuter singular vocative)
superiōrēs (feminine masculine plural vocative)
superiōra (neuter plural vocative)

→ Catalan: superior

→ English: superior

French: supérieur

Friulian: superiôr

Galician: superior

Italian: superiore

Occitan: superior

Piedmontese: superior

Portuguese: superior

Romanian: superior

Spanish: superior

Dutch: superieur

Comparative of superus (“that is above, upper, higher”), from super (“above, over”, preposition) + -us (adjectival suffix).

af

comparative degree of superus
Higher, upper. (of place)

Former, past, previous, preceding. (of time or order of succession)

(especially of age, time of life, etc.) Older, elder, senior, more advanced, former.

Victorious, conquering, stronger, superior. (of strength or success in battle or any contest)

Higher, more distinguished, greater, superior. (of quality, condition, number, etc.)


semen

la-noun

sēmen n (genitive sēminis); third declension

sēmen (canonical neuter)
sēminis (genitive)
sēmen (nominative singular)
sēmina (nominative plural)
sēminis (genitive singular)
sēminum (genitive plural)
sēminī (dative singular)
sēminibus (dative plural)
sēmen (accusative singular)
sēmina (accusative plural)
sēmine (ablative singular)
sēminibus (ablative plural)
sēmen (singular vocative)
sēmina (plural vocative)

→ Catalan: semen

→ English: semen

→ Middle Irish: semen

Irish: seamhan

Galician: seme

Italian: seme

Romanian: sămânță

Portuguese: sêmen, sémen (Portugal)

Romansch: sem

→ Spanish: semen, ⇒ semilla

Venetian: sema

From Proto-Italic *sēmən, from Proto-Indo-European *séh₁mn̥ (“seed”).

Sēmen manū spargere.

‘prīma per immēnsās sparsī nova sēmina gentēs!

“First [it was] I [who] scattered new seeds throughout countless nations!
Previously the earth was of [but] one color.”
(The poetic voice is that of Flora (mythology).)

et ignis sēmina convolvunt ē nūbibus.

c. 99 BCE – 55 BCE, Lucretius, De rerum natura 6

and the seeds of fire roll from the clouds.

(poetic) seed (of the elements of other bodies (of fire, water, stones, etc.))


fellatio

fēllātiō f (genitive fēllātiōnis); third declension

fēllātiō (canonical feminine)
fēllātiōnis (genitive)
fēllātiō (nominative singular)
fēllātiōnēs (nominative plural)
fēllātiōnis (genitive singular)
fēllātiōnum (genitive plural)
fēllātiōnī (dative singular)
fēllātiōnibus (dative plural)
fēllātiōnem (accusative singular)
fēllātiōnēs (accusative plural)
fēllātiōne (ablative singular)
fēllātiōnibus (ablative plural)
fēllātiō (singular vocative)
fēllātiōnēs (plural vocative)

→ Catalan: fel·lació

→ Czech: felace

→ English: fellatio, fellation

→ Finnish: fellaatio

→ French: fellation

→ Romanian: felație

→ Galician: felación

→ German: Fellatio

Italian: → fellatio, fellazione

→ Japanese: フェラチオ (ferachio)

→ Lithuanian: felacija

→ Macedonian: фелацио (felacio)

→ Portuguese: felação

→ Russian: фелляция (felljacija)

→ Serbo-Croatian: felacija, фелација

→ Spanish: felación

→ Swedish: fellatio

fellō (“to suck”) + -tiō (action-noun suffix)


tempus

la-noun

tempus n (genitive temporis); third declension

temporis (genitive)
tempus (nominative singular)
tempora (nominative plural)
temporis (genitive singular)
temporum (genitive plural)
temporī (dative singular)
temporibus (dative plural)
tempus (accusative singular)
tempora (accusative plural)
tempore (ablative singular)
temporibus (ablative plural)
tempus (singular vocative)
tempora (plural vocative)

Balkan Romance:

Megleno-Romanian: timp

Romanian: timp

Dalmatian:

tiamp

Italo-Romance:

Corsican: tempu

Italian: tempo (see there for further descendants)

Neapolitan: tiempo

Sicilian: tempu

North Italian:

Istriot: tenpo

Venetian: tenpo, tènp

Gallo-Italian:

Ligurian: tempo

Lombard: temp

Piedmontese: temp

Rhaeto-Romance:

Friulian: timp

Ladin: tëmp

Romansch: temp, taimp, tains

Gallo-Romance:

Franco-Provençal: temps

Oïl:

desctree

Old French: temps, tans, tens
Anglo-Norman: tens
Middle English: tens
English: tense
Bourguignon: tamps
Middle French: temps
French: temps
Norman: temps
Walloon: tins
, tans, tens

Oc:

Old Catalan: temps

Catalan: temps

Old Occitan: tems
Occitan: tèms, tems, temps

Ibero-Romance:

Asturian: tiempu

Galician: tempo

Portuguese: tempo

Spanish: tiempo

→ Basque: denbora

→ Norwegian Bokmål: tempus

→ Russian: темп (temp)

→ Sardinian: tempus

→ Swedish: tempus

→ Welsh: tymor

Asturian: tenllera

Catalan: templa

Esperanto: tempio

Old French: temple
French: tempe
→ Middle English: temple
English: temple

Galician: tempas

Italian: tempia

→ Portuguese: têmpora

Romanian: tâmplă

→ Sardinian: tempus

Sicilian: sintimentu

Spanish: tiempo

Catalan: temps

→ Galician: tempo

→ Italian: tempo

Neapolitan: tiempo

→ Portuguese: tempo

Romanian: timp

Sicilian: tempu

Spanish: tiempo

Two roots have been proposed: (1) from Proto-Indo-European *tempos (“stretch”), from the extension *temp- of the root *ten- (“to stretch, string”), with meaning development "what is stretched, stretching" → "stretch (of time)" → "time, occasion"; (2) from Proto-Indo-European *temh₁- (“to cut”), thus "a section (of time)", this root also giving Latin temnō, tondeō, Ancient Greek τέμνω (témnō); compare the etymology of English time. Templum is a possible cognate that has also been assigned to both roots.
Sense 2 is a semantic loan from Ancient Greek τὰ καίρῐᾰ (tà kaíria, “the vital or fatal place (on the body)”), from καιρός (kairós, “time, opportunity, etc.”), and is less frequent in singular form. See Old English þunwang (“temple of the head”), Middle High German tinne, tinge (“forehead, temples”).
As seen from the adverb temperī, the noun would originally have declined like genus.

cog

ad/in tempus

tempus diurnum

sed fvgit intereā fvgit inreparābile tempvs

c. 37 BCE – 30 BCE, Virgil, Georgics III.284

But it flees, meanwhile, it flees... irretrievable time.

Cur anni tempora morbos adportant?

c. 99 BCE – 55 BCE, Lucretius, De rerum natura 5.220

Why do the seasons of the year bring maladies?

(literally):
A portion or period of time, a time.

per īdem tempus annōrum novem, ab ūndēvīcēnsimō annō aetātis meae ūsque ad duodētrīcēnsimum, sēdūcēbāmur et sēdūcēbāmus

397 CE – 401 CE, Aurelius Augustinus Hipponensis, Confessions 4

During this period of nine years, from my nineteenth year to my twenty-eighth, I went astray and led others astray.

(especially) The time intervening two events; an interval, period.

in tempore

ad tempus venīre

ante tempus

too soon (literally, “before the right time”)

(in particular) The kairos, right time, due season, due time, proper time, appointed time, opportune time, opportunity.

(in the plural) The temples of the head.

(poetic, transferred sense) (in general) The face, visage; the head.

prō tempore

Ō tempora, ō mōrēs! Senātus haec intellegit, cōnsul videt; hic tamen vīvit. Vīvit?

63 BCE, Cicero, Catiline Orations Oratio in Catilinam Prima in Senatu Habita.II

Shame on the age and on its principles! The senate is aware of these things; the consul sees them; and yet this man lives. Lives!

The time or age in its moral aspects; the state of the times, position, state, condition; (in the plural) the times, circumstances.

(poetry, rhetoric) Time; measure, quantity.

(other transferred senses):
(grammar) A tense of a verb.

(other transferred senses):
(Medieval Latin, rare) The weather.


mors

la-noun

mors f (genitive mortis); third declension

mortis (genitive)
mors (nominative singular)
mortēs (nominative plural)
mortis (genitive singular)
mortium (genitive plural)
mortī (dative singular)
mortibus (dative plural)
mortem (accusative singular)
mortēs (accusative plural)
mortīs (accusative plural)
morte (ablative singular)
mortibus (ablative plural)
mors (singular vocative)
mortēs (plural vocative)

→ Albanian: mort

Aromanian: moarti

Asturian: muerte

Catalan: mort

Dalmatian: muart

Friulian: muart

Galician: morte

Istriot: muorto

Italian: morte

Ladin: mort

Mirandese: muorte

Neapolitan: morte

→ Norwegian Bokmål: mors

desctree

Old French: mort
Middle French: mort
French: mort
→ English: mort
Norman: mort (Jersey)
Picard: mort

Occitan: mort

Picard: mort

Piedmontese: mòrt

Portuguese: morte

Romanian: moarte

Sardinian: molte, morte, morti

Sicilian: morti, muorti

Spanish: muerte

Venetian: mòrt, mòrte

Walloon: moirt

From Proto-Italic *mortis, from Proto-Indo-European *mértis (“death”), from *mer- (“to die”). Related to morior (“I die”).

Nam quia nec fātō, meritā nec morte perībat, ….

For since [Dido] was perishing neither by fate, nor by a death she deserved, ….


axon

la-noun

axōn m (genitive axonis); third declension

axōn (canonical masculine)
axonis (genitive)
axōn (nominative singular)
axonēs (nominative plural)
axonis (genitive singular)
axonum (genitive plural)
axonī (dative singular)
axonibus (dative plural)
axonem (accusative singular)
axonēs (accusative plural)
axone (ablative singular)
axonibus (ablative plural)
axōn (singular vocative)
axonēs (plural vocative)


anas

anas f (genitive anatis); third declension

anatis (genitive)
anas (nominative singular)
anatēs (nominative plural)
anatis (genitive singular)
anatum (genitive plural)
anatī (dative singular)
anatibus (dative plural)
anatem (accusative singular)
anatēs (accusative plural)
anate (ablative singular)
anatibus (ablative plural)
anas (singular vocative)
anatēs (plural vocative)

Padanian:

⇒ Ligurian: ània

⇒ Lombard: àneda

⇒ Piedmontese: ània

→ Franco-Provençal: agna (Valdôtain)

⇒ Romansch: anda

Northern Gallo-Romance:

Old French: ane

⇒? French: bédane

Southern Gallo-Romance:

⇒ Aragonese: aneda

Old Catalan: ànet

Catalan: ànec ⇒ àneda

Occitan: anet ⇒ aneda

Ibero-Romance:

Old Galician-Portuguese: ãade

Portuguese: adem

Spanish: ánade

Insular Romance:

Sardinian: anadi

⇒ Vulgar Latin: *anatria (see there for further descendants)

Borrowings:

→ Proto-Basque: *anate

Basque: ahate

→ Esperanto: anaso

From Proto-Italic *anats, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂énh₂ts (“duck”). More at English annet.


anas

anās f (genitive anātis); third declension

anās (canonical feminine)
anātis (genitive)
anās (nominative singular)
anātēs (nominative plural)
anātis (genitive singular)
anātum (genitive plural)
anātī (dative singular)
anātibus (dative plural)
anātem (accusative singular)
anātēs (accusative plural)
anāte (ablative singular)
anātibus (ablative plural)
anās (singular vocative)
anātēs (plural vocative)


codon

cōdōn ? (genitive cōdōnis); third declension

cōdōn (canonical)
cōdōnis (genitive)
cōdōn (nominative singular)
cōdōnēs (nominative plural)
cōdōnis (genitive singular)
cōdōnum (genitive plural)
cōdōnī (dative singular)
cōdōnibus (dative plural)
cōdōnem (accusative singular)
cōdōnēs (accusative plural)
cōdōne (ablative singular)
cōdōnibus (ablative plural)
cōdōn (singular vocative)
cōdōnēs (plural vocative)

(Medieval Latin) codon: a handbell used for summoning monks.


antes

antēs m pl (genitive antium); third declension

antēs (canonical masculine plural)
antium (genitive)
antēs (nominative plural)
antium (genitive plural)
antibus (dative plural)
antēs (accusative plural)
antīs (accusative plural)
antibus (ablative plural)
antēs (plural vocative)

[ˈän̪t̪eːs̠]

Uncertain. Pokorny suggests a derivation from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ent- (“front, front side”), like the cognate Latin ante (“before; in front”).


cervix

la-noun

cervīx f (genitive cervīcis); third declension

cervīx (canonical feminine)
cervīcis (genitive)
cervīx (nominative singular)
cervīcēs (nominative plural)
cervīcis (genitive singular)
cervīcum (genitive plural)
cervīcī (dative singular)
cervīcibus (dative plural)
cervīcem (accusative singular)
cervīcēs (accusative plural)
cervīce (ablative singular)
cervīcibus (ablative plural)
cervīx (singular vocative)
cervīcēs (plural vocative)

Balkan Romance:

Romanian: cerbice

Gallo-Romance:

Old Catalan: serviu

Old French: cerviz ⇒ cervele, chervele (Picard)

Middle French: cevich

Old Occitan: cervitz ⇒ cervigal

Ibero-Romance:

Portuguese: cerviz

Spanish: cerviz

Italo-Romance:

Italian: cervice

Sicilian: cirbici

Borrowings:

→ Catalan: cèrvix

→ Dutch: cervix

→ English: cervix

→ Malay: serviks

→ Portuguese: cérvice, cérvix

→ Romanian: cervix

→ Spanish: cervix

According to one hypothesis, from Proto-Italic *kerweyks, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱerh₂(s)weyk-s, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱerh₂-(s-) (“the head”) (compare cerebrum) and *weyk- (“to curve, bend”) (compare vinciō), literally “where the head turns”. De Vaan rejects this etymology, calling it "semantically very doubtful".

der

apta iugō cervīx nōn est feriendā secūrī:

The neck suitable for the yoke should not be struck by the axe:
may it live long and labor often in the hard soil.
(Agriculture dawns as Ceres teaches humans to yoke oxen to the plow and instead use other animals for sacrificial rites. See Ceres (mythology).)

great burden, danger (from the figure taken from bearing the yoke)

(figuratively)
boldness, headstrong behavior

44 BCE – 43 BCE, Cicero, Philippics :
Consules designati negabant se audere in senatum venire; patriae liberatores urbe carebant ea, cuius a cervicibus iugum servile deiecerant.
The consuls-elect said they did not dare attend the senate. The liberators of their native land were parted from the very city from whose neck they had cast off the yoke of slavery.


augur

la-noun

augur m or f (genitive auguris); third declension

auguris (genitive)
augur (nominative singular)
augurēs (nominative plural)
auguris (genitive singular)
augurum (genitive plural)
augurī (dative singular)
auguribus (dative plural)
augurem (accusative singular)
augurēs (accusative plural)
augure (ablative singular)
auguribus (ablative plural)
augur (singular vocative)
augurēs (plural vocative)

→ Catalan: àugur

→ English: augur

→ Irish: ágar

→ French: augure

→ Koine Greek: αὔγουρ (aúgour)

→ Italian: augure

→ Portuguese: áugure

→ Romanian: augur

→ Russian: авгу́р m (avgúr)

→ Sicilian: àuguri

→ Turkish: uğur

→ Spanish: augur

Of uncertain origin. Two possibilities are:
* From Old Latin *augos (“reinforcement, increase”) (genitive *augeris), related to augeō (“to increase”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éwgos; compare Sanskrit ओजस् (ojas, “strength, vigor”), Avestan 𐬀𐬊𐬘𐬀𐬵 (aojah), 𐬀𐬊𐬔𐬀𐬵 (aogah, “might, power”) as well as Latin augustus (< *h₂éwgos-tos). The noun *augos would have developed from "reinforcement" to "(one) who makes grow". This derivation is preferred by de Vaan.
* From avis (“bird”) + garrire (“to talk”), as augurs were known to observe the behavior of birds.

der

ad prīmam vōcem timidās advertitis aurēs,

You turn timid ears to the first word spoken,
and the augur interprets the first bird seen.

augur (priest, diviner, or soothsayer, one who foretold the future in part by interpreting the song and flight of birds)


crux

la-noun

crux f (genitive crucis); third declension

crucis (genitive)
crux (nominative singular)
crucēs (nominative plural)
crucis (genitive singular)
crucum (genitive plural)
crucī (dative singular)
crucibus (dative plural)
crucem (accusative singular)
crucēs (accusative plural)
cruce (ablative singular)
crucibus (ablative plural)
crux (singular vocative)
crucēs (plural vocative)

Balkan Romance:

desc

Aromanian: crutsi, crutse, crutsã, cãrutsi, cãrutse

Romanian: cruce

Dalmatian:

crauc

Italo-Romance:

Corsican: croce, croci

Gallurese: gruci, grugi

Italian: croce

Neapolitan: croce

Sassarese: crozi

Sicilian: cruci

North Italian:

Friulian: crôs

Ligurian: crôxe

Old Lombard: crox

Lombard: crox

Piedmontese: cros

Romagnol: cróṡ (Ravenna, Lugo)

Romansch: crusch, crousch

Venetian: cróxe

Gallo-Romance:

Franco-Provençal: croués

Old French: crois (see there for further descendants)

Occitano-Romance:

Occitan: crotz

Old Catalan: crou, creu

Catalan: creu

West Iberian:

Asturian: cruz

desctree

Old Galician-Portuguese: cruz
Galician: cruz
Portuguese: cruz (see there for further descendants)

Spanish: cruz (see there for further descendants)

Insular Romance:

desc

Sardinian: cruche, crugi, cruxi, gruche, grughe, gruxi

Borrowings

→ Albanian: kryq

→ Basque: gurutze

→ Proto-Celtic: *kruxsā

Proto-Brythonic: *kroɨs

Breton: kroes, kroaz

Cornish: krows

Welsh: croes, crwys

Old Irish: cros

Irish: cros

Scottish Gaelic: crois

→ Old Norse: kross, *kors

Danish: kors

Faroese: krossur

Icelandic: kross

Norwegian Bokmål: kors

Norwegian Nynorsk: kors, kross

Swedish: kors

→ Old English: cros

Middle English: cross (see there for further descendants)

→ Proto-Celtic: *krukā

Proto-Brythonic: *krog

Middle Welsh: croc

Welsh: crog

Old Irish: croch (see there for further descendants)

→ Dutch: crux

→ English: crux

→ Old English: crūċ (see there for further descendants)

→ Finnish: ruksi

→ German: Crux

→ Old High German: krūzi (see there for further descendants)

→ Icelandic: krús

→ Middle Dutch: cruce, crucen

Dutch: kruis (see there for further descendants)

Limburgish: kruutse

West Flemish: kruus

→ Old Saxon: krūci (see there for further descendants)

Southern Common Slavic: → *kryžь

Serbo-Croatian:

Latin script: križ

Cyrillic script: криж

Slovene: križ

→ Old Czech: kříž

Czech: kříž ,

→ Old Polish: krzyż

→ Polish: krzyż (see there for further descendants)

→ Slovak: kríž

→ Lower Sorbian: kśica

→ Upper Sorbian: křiž

From Proto-Italic *kruks or *krukis (it is uncertain whether the original form was an i-stem), of unknown origin. Pokorny connected Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to turn, to bend”) with an assumed extension in *-k-; compare Latin circus (“circle”) and curvus (“curve”). This explanation suffers phonetic, morphological and semantic problems. A modern hypothesis connects Irish crúach (“heap, hill”), Gaulish *krouka (“summit”), Proto-Brythonic *krʉg (“small hill; pillar”), Old Norse hrúga (“heap, pile”), and Proto-Germanic *hraukaz (“heap, pile”) and *hrugjaz (“back, spine, ridge”), pointing to Proto-Indo-European *krewk- (“~ heap, hill; back, spine?”), albeit with an unusual root structure and shaky semantics. Alternatively, a loanword from an unidentified or substrate language.

m+

wooden frame on which criminals were crucified, especially a cross

(derogatory) gallows bird; one who deserves to be hanged

Ave Crux alba


capo

la-noun

cāpō m (genitive cāpōnis); third declension

cāpō (canonical masculine)
cāpōnis (genitive)
cāpō (nominative singular)
cāpōnēs (nominative plural)
cāpōnis (genitive singular)
cāpōnum (genitive plural)
cāpōnī (dative singular)
cāpōnibus (dative plural)
cāpōnem (accusative singular)
cāpōnēs (accusative plural)
cāpōne (ablative singular)
cāpōnibus (ablative plural)
cāpō (singular vocative)
cāpōnēs (plural vocative)

Catalan: capó

Friulian: cjapon

→ Greek: καπόνι (kapóni)

Italian: cappone

→ Middle Dutch: capoen

Dutch: kapoen

Occitan: capon

→ Old English: capūn

Middle English: capoun

English: capon

Old French: chapon

Middle French: chappon

French: chapon

→ Old High German: chappo

Middle High German: kappūn

German: Kapaun

→ Latvian: kapauns

→ Polish: kapłon
→ Romanian: clapon

Old Galician-Portuguese: capon

Galician: capón

Portuguese: capão

Romanian: clapon

Sardinian: caboni

Sicilian: capuni

Spanish: capón

Venetian: capón

Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kep- or *(s)kap- (“to hew, cut, shovel”), from a PIE substrate word that also gave Latin scapulae - see Ancient Greek κόπτω (kóptō), Ancient Greek σκάπτω (skáptō) for further cognates and discussion, as well as Proto-Indo-European *kap-. Alternatively, from another substrate word that also gave Latin caper. In both cases the vocalism requires postulating a substrate origin.


linter

linter f or m (genitive lintris); third declension

lintris (genitive)
linter (nominative singular)
lintrēs (nominative plural)
lintris (genitive singular)
lintrium (genitive plural)
lintrī (dative singular)
lintribus (dative plural)
lintrem (accusative singular)
lintrēs (accusative plural)
lintrīs (accusative plural)
lintre (ablative singular)
lintribus (ablative plural)
linter (singular vocative)
lintrēs (plural vocative)

Albanian: ljundrë

Aromanian: luntri, lãndurã

Dalmatian: lundro

Romanian: luntre

[ˈlʲɪn̪t̪ɛr]

From older form lunter, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *plew- (“to wash”); more at pluit (“it rains”). Cf. also Ancient Greek πλυντήρ (pluntḗr).

nāviget hinc alia iam mihi linter aquā.

From here, let now my boat sail other waters.
That is to say:
Let me now turn to something different.
(Ovid concludes Book 2 of the Fasti and looks ahead to the next one.)

small, lightweight boat, skiff, canoe, wherry


amo

amō f (genitive amōnis); third declension

amō (canonical feminine)
amōnis (genitive)
amō (nominative singular)
amōnēs (nominative plural)
amōnis (genitive singular)
amōnum (genitive plural)
amōnī (dative singular)
amōnibus (dative plural)
amōnem (accusative singular)
amōnēs (accusative plural)
amōne (ablative singular)
amōnibus (ablative plural)
amō (singular vocative)
amōnēs (plural vocative)


lar

lār m (genitive laris); third declension

lār (canonical masculine)
laris (genitive)
lār (nominative singular)
larēs (nominative plural)
laris (genitive singular)
larum (genitive plural)
larī (dative singular)
laribus (dative plural)
larem (accusative singular)
larēs (accusative plural)
lare (ablative singular)
laribus (ablative plural)
lār (singular vocative)
larēs (plural vocative)

Italian: lare

Asturian: llar

Catalan: llar

English: lar

Galician: lar

Portuguese: lar

Spanish: lar, llar

Probably from Etruscan 𐌋𐌀𐌓 (lar), 𐌋𐌀𐌓𐌔 (lars), or 𐌋𐌀𐌓𐌈 (larθ, “lord”), though it could possibly be from Proto-Indo-European *las- (“eager”), cognate with lascivus.

the protective spirit of a place, particularly a household


stator

stator m (genitive statōris); third declension

statōris (genitive)
stator (nominative singular)
statōrēs (nominative plural)
statōris (genitive singular)
statōrum (genitive plural)
statōrī (dative singular)
statōribus (dative plural)
statōrem (accusative singular)
statōrēs (accusative plural)
statōre (ablative singular)
statōribus (ablative plural)
stator (singular vocative)
statōrēs (plural vocative)

[ˈs̠t̪ät̪ɔr]

an attendant or servant to a magistrate or proconsul; a messenger, orderly


radix

rādīx f (genitive rādīcis); third declension

rādīx (canonical feminine)
rādīcis (genitive)
rādīx (nominative singular)
rādīcēs (nominative plural)
rādīcis (genitive singular)
rādīcum (genitive plural)
rādīcī (dative singular)
rādīcibus (dative plural)
rādīcem (accusative singular)
rādīcēs (accusative plural)
rādīce (ablative singular)
rādīcibus (ablative plural)
rādīx (singular vocative)
rādīcēs (plural vocative)

Italo-Romance:

Italian: radice (see there for further descendants)

Padanian:

Gallo-Italic:

Ligurian: réixe, réixa, ràixa, raìxa

Old Lombard: rayxe

Lombard: raìss, ariss

Piedmontese: rèis, ràis, rèux

Romagnol: radìșa

Friulian: radris

Romansch: ragisch, risch, rieisch

Venetian: raìs, raixa

Gallo-Romance:

Franco-Provençal: rés, réce, rage

Old French: raïz

desc

⇒ French: raifort (“horseradish”) (+fort 'strong')

Occitano-Romance:

Old Catalan: raïu, rahiu

⇒ Catalan: raïl (hypercorrection) ⇒ rel (monophthongization) ⇒ arrel (epenthesis)

Gascon: arraditz, raditz, arraïtz

Old Occitan: raitz

Occitan: raiç

Ibero-Romance:

Aragonese: radiz

Asturian: raíz

desctree

Old Galician-Portuguese: raiz, rayz
Galician: raíz
Portuguese: raiz (see there for further descendants)

Spanish: raíz; ⇒ raigón

Ancient borrowings:

→ Proto-Albanian: [Term?]

Albanian: radhiqe

→ Proto-West Germanic: *rādik (see there for further descendants)

Later borrowings:

→ English: radix

→ German: Radix

→ Welsh: rhadicl

→ Welsh: rhuddygl

From Proto-Italic *wrādīks, from Proto-Indo-European *wréh₂ds.

(figuratively) a foundation, basis, ground, origin, source, root


stater

la-noun

stater m (genitive stateris); third declension

stateris (genitive)
stater (nominative singular)
staterēs (nominative plural)
stateris (genitive singular)
staterum (genitive plural)
staterī (dative singular)
stateribus (dative plural)
staterem (accusative singular)
staterēs (accusative plural)
statere (ablative singular)
stateribus (ablative plural)
stater (singular vocative)
staterēs (plural vocative)

[ˈs̠t̪ät̪ɛr]

A small silver coin, value four drachmas, used in Jewish lands


thrips

thrīps m (genitive thrīpis); third declension

thrīps (canonical masculine)
thrīpis (genitive)
thrīps (nominative singular)
thrīpēs (nominative plural)
thrīpis (genitive singular)
thrīpum (genitive plural)
thrīpī (dative singular)
thrīpibus (dative plural)
thrīpem (accusative singular)
thrīpēs (accusative plural)
thrīpe (ablative singular)
thrīpibus (ablative plural)
thrīps (singular vocative)
thrīpēs (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek θρῑ́ψ (thrī́ps, “woodworm”).


ibis

la-noun

ībis f (genitive ībis or ībidis); third declension

ībis (canonical feminine)
ībis (genitive)
ībidis (genitive)
ībis (nominative singular)
ībidēs (nominative plural)
ībēs (nominative plural)
ībidis (genitive singular)
ībis (genitive singular)
ībidum (genitive plural)
ībium (genitive plural)
ībidī (dative singular)
ībī (dative singular)
ībidibus (dative plural)
ībibus (dative plural)
ībidem (accusative singular)
ībim (accusative singular)
ībem (accusative singular)
ībin (accusative singular)
ībidas (accusative plural)
ībidēs (accusative plural)
ībide (ablative singular)
ībī (ablative singular)
ībidibus (ablative plural)
ībibus (ablative plural)
ībis (singular vocative)
ībidēs (plural vocative)
ībēs (plural vocative)

la-ndecl

Third declension noun (irregular)

English: ibis

French: ibis

Italian: ibis

Portuguese: íbis

Romanian: ibis

Spanish: ibis

From Ancient Greek ἶβις (îbis), from Egyptian h-b-Z4-G26 (hbj).

Ībis avis Nīlī flūminis, quae sēmetipsam pūrgat, rōstrō in ānum aquam fundēns. Haec serpentium ōva vēscitur, grātissimam ex eīs ēscam nīdīs suīs dēportāns.

c. 600 CE – 625 CE, Isidorus Hispalensis, Etymologiae 12.7.33

The ibis is a bird of the river Nile, which purges itself by pouring water into its anus with its beak. It devours the eggs of snakes, carrying from them to its nests the most welcome food.


onyx

la-noun

onyx m (genitive onychis); third declension

onychis (genitive)
onyx (nominative singular)
onychēs (nominative plural)
onychis (genitive singular)
onychum (genitive plural)
onychī (dative singular)
onychibus (dative plural)
onychem (accusative singular)
onychēs (accusative plural)
onyche (ablative singular)
onychibus (ablative plural)
onyx (singular vocative)
onychēs (plural vocative)

The female of a mussel of the scallop species


schema

schēma f (genitive schēmae); first declension

schēma n (genitive schēmatis); third declension

schēma (canonical feminine)
schēmae (genitive)
schēma (canonical neuter)
schēmatis (genitive)
schēma (nominative singular)
schēmae (nominative plural)
schēmae (genitive singular)
schēmārum (genitive plural)
schēmae (dative singular)
schēmīs (dative plural)
schēmam (accusative singular)
schēmās (accusative plural)
schēmā (ablative singular)
schēmīs (ablative plural)
schēma (singular vocative)
schēmae (plural vocative)
First-declension noun.
schēma (nominative singular)
schēmata (nominative plural)
schēmatis (genitive singular)
schēmatum (genitive plural)
schēmatī (dative singular)
schēmatibus (dative plural)
schēma (accusative singular)
schēmata (accusative plural)
schēmate (ablative singular)
schēmatibus (ablative plural)
schēma (singular vocative)
schēmata (plural vocative)

→ Catalan: esquema

desctree

→ French: schéma m
→ Romanian: schemă f
→ Turkish: şema

→ Italian: schema m

→ Portuguese: esquema

→ Spanish: esquema

→ Dutch: schema
→ Indonesian: skema

→ English: schema

→ English: scheme
→ Irish: scéim
→ Malay: skim

→ German: Schema

→ Swedish: schema

→ Old Irish: scíam

Irish: scéimh

Scottish Gaelic: sgiamh

From Ancient Greek σχῆμα (skhêma, “form, shape”).


lien

la-noun

liēn m (genitive liēnis); third declension

liēn (canonical masculine)
liēnis (genitive)
liēn (nominative singular)
liēnēs (nominative plural)
liēnis (genitive singular)
liēnum (genitive plural)
liēnī (dative singular)
liēnibus (dative plural)
liēnem (accusative singular)
liēnēs (accusative plural)
liēne (ablative singular)
liēnibus (ablative plural)
liēn (singular vocative)
liēnēs (plural vocative)

desc

→ English: lien, lieno-; ⇒ lienal, lienic

→ Esperanto: lieno

→ Romanian: lien

From Proto-Indo-European, reflecting a form *(s)li(ǵʰ)-ēn-, from the root *spelǵʰ- (“spleen”), heavily distorted in all of its descendants, likely for tabooistic reasons, making the exact original PIE form hard to pin down. The newly introduced -i- is seemingly also found in the Sanskrit cognate प्लीहन् (plīhán), the fall of *-h- < *-ǵʰ- is also observed in Ancient Greek σπλήν (splḗn), while the loss of *-p- is also visible in Proto-Slavic *selzenь.
Other cognates include Middle Irish selg, Lithuanian blužnis, Old Armenian փայծաղն (pʻaycałn), Avestan 𐬯𐬞𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬰𐬀𐬥- (spər^əzan-). Doublet of splēn.


paean

la-noun

paeān m (genitive paeānis); third declension

paeān (canonical masculine)
paeānis (genitive)
paeān (nominative singular)
paeānēs (nominative plural)
paeānis (genitive singular)
paeānum (genitive plural)
paeānī (dative singular)
paeānibus (dative plural)
paeānem (accusative singular)
paeānēs (accusative plural)
paeāne (ablative singular)
paeānibus (ablative plural)
paeān (singular vocative)
paeānēs (plural vocative)

→ English: paean

→ French: péan (learned)

→ Italian: peana (learned)

→ Polish: pean

→ Portuguese: peã (learned)

→ Romanian: pean (learned)

→ Spanish: peán (learned)

From Ancient Greek παιᾱ́ν (paiā́n, “chant, song of praise”).

der

(Ancient Greece, historical) Hymn to Apollo.

(by extension) Hymn or song of victory or praise.

paean, specifically:
Hymn or song of victory or praise.


lac

la-noun

lac n sg (genitive lactis); third declension

lactis (genitive)
lac (nominative singular)
lactis (genitive singular)
lactī (dative singular)
lac (accusative singular)
lacte (ablative singular)
lac (singular vocative)

Late Latin: lactis (see there for further descendants)

→⇒ English: lactic, lact(o)-

→ Esperanto: lakto

Ido: lakto

→ Interlingua: lacte

From lact by simplification of a word-final sequence of two plosives (the variant nominative/accusative form lacte shows the addition of a vowel as an alternative). The etymology is controversial: there is no consensus on the cognate set, the manner of descent (inheritance vs. borrowing), or the form and ultimate origin of the etymon. Possible cognates include Ancient Greek γάλα, γᾰ́λᾰκτ-/γᾰ́λᾰκ- (gála, gálakt-/gálak-, “milk”), Old Armenian կաթն (katʻn, “milk”) (or perhaps only its variant form Old Armenian *կաղց (*kałcʻ), reconstructed as the ancestor of modern dialectal Armenian կախց (kaxcʻ)) Hittite 𒂵𒆷𒀝𒋻 (galaktar, “balm, resin”), Albanian dhallë (“buttermilk”), Romanian zară (“buttermilk”) and Waigali zōr (“milk”).
More information
Pokorny reconstructs the Latin and Greek words as inherited from Proto-Indo-European *glakt n from a root *glag- or *glak-. De Vaan derives the Latin, Greek and Armenian forms from Proto-Indo-European *gl̥gt-, and follows Meiser in explaining the loss of initial *g- in Latin as a result of long-distance dissimilation. Per Nielsen, the Latin and Greek words can be derived from *glakt-, Old Armenian *կաղց (*kałcʻ) can be derived from *g(a)l(ḱ)t- (requiring an initial non-palatal velar), and Albanian dhallë can perhaps be derived from *ǵal(K)- (requiring an initial palatal velar); on the basis of the variability in the initial consonant and the unusual root structure, Nielsen considers the root to be non-Indo-European in origin.
There have been attempts to derive the word instead from the root *h₂melǵ- (“milk”).
* Garnier, Sagart and Sagot 2017 cite Garnier 2016's reconstruction of a verb *ambĭ-blactāre (“to milk with both hands”) > *amblactāre, supposing this was subsequently reanalyzed as *amb-lactāre and lost the prefix to yield the attested verb lactāre. The noun lac(t) would then derive by back-formation from the verb lactāre.

cog

γάλα, γᾰ́λᾰκτ-/γᾰ́λᾰκ-

Cum lacte nutricis.

In melle sunt linguae sitae vostrae atque orationes, lacteque; corda felle sunt lita, atque acerbo aceto.

In honey your tongues and speeches are dipped, and in milk; your hearts are smeared with gall and with bitter vinegar. (Plautus)

Ut mentes ... satiari velut quodam jucundioris disciplinae lacte patiantur.

That minds may endure being satisfied as by the milk of a more pleasant discipline. (Quintilian)

Lac herbae.

cum lacte veneni.

c. 1st century BCE, Anonymous (formerly misattributed to Ovid), Nux
Lamina mollis adhuc tenero dum lacte, quod intro est,
nec mala sunt ulli nostra futura bono.
As their nutshell still remains soft with something tenderly milky inside,

my future fruits are not good to anyone.

Forte sub umbrosis nemorosae vallibus Idae
candidus, armenti gloria, taurus erat,
signatus tenui media inter cornua nigro;

2 CE, Publius Ovidius Naso, Ars Amatoria I.290

As fortune had it, in the shadowy valleys of forested Ida,
there was a white bull, the glory of its herd,
marked by slightly black colour between its horns;
the blemish was (only) one, the rest were milk-white.


tenon

la-noun

tenōn m (genitive tenontis); third declension

tenōn (canonical masculine)
tenontis (genitive)
tenōn (nominative singular)
tenontēs (nominative plural)
tenontis (genitive singular)
tenontum (genitive plural)
tenontī (dative singular)
tenontibus (dative plural)
tenontem (accusative singular)
tenontēs (accusative plural)
tenonte (ablative singular)
tenontibus (ablative plural)
tenōn (singular vocative)
tenontēs (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek τένων (ténōn). Doublet of tendō, a later borrowing.


rumen

rūmen n (genitive rūminis); third declension

rūmen (canonical neuter)
rūminis (genitive)
rūmen (nominative singular)
rūmina (nominative plural)
rūminis (genitive singular)
rūminum (genitive plural)
rūminī (dative singular)
rūminibus (dative plural)
rūmen (accusative singular)
rūmina (accusative plural)
rūmine (ablative singular)
rūminibus (ablative plural)
rūmen (singular vocative)
rūmina (plural vocative)

→ Catalan: rumen

→ English: rumen

Somewhat disputed. Probably from the root of *rūgō + -men, attested in ērūgō, rūctō (“I belch”) and rugiō (“I roar, rumble, bray”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rewg-, *h₁rewǵ- (“to belch”). Cognate with Ancient Greek ἐρεύγομαι (ereúgomai, “I spew out, discharge, belch, bellow”), Old Armenian ործամ (orcam, “I vomit, am nauseated”), Proto-Germanic *reukaną (“to smoke, emit vapor”) (modern English reek).
Alternatively from Proto-Indo-European *sréwmn̥, from the root *srew- (“to flow”). See also Rōma and flūmen, which are sometimes hypothesized as from the same source.
A third possibility is a relationship with Etruscan 𐌓𐌖𐌌 (rum, “teat”). If not coincidental, it may be equally likely that the Etruscan word was borrowed from Latin.

cog

(anatomy) rumen (first stomach of a ruminant)


magma

la-noun

magma n (genitive magmatis); third declension

magmatis (genitive)
magma (nominative singular)
magmata (nominative plural)
magmatis (genitive singular)
magmatum (genitive plural)
magmatī (dative singular)
magmatibus (dative plural)
magma (accusative singular)
magmata (accusative plural)
magmate (ablative singular)
magmatibus (ablative plural)
magma (singular vocative)
magmata (plural vocative)

From Ancient Greek μάγμα (mágma, “a kind of thick unguent”), derived from μάσσω (mássō, “I knead”).


lemma

la-noun

lēmma n (genitive lēmmatis); third declension

lēmma (canonical neuter)
lēmmatis (genitive)
lēmma (nominative singular)
lēmmata (nominative plural)
lēmmatis (genitive singular)
lēmmatum (genitive plural)
lēmmatī (dative singular)
lēmmatibus (dative plural)
lēmma (accusative singular)
lēmmata (accusative plural)
lēmmate (ablative singular)
lēmmatibus (ablative plural)
lēmma (singular vocative)
lēmmata (plural vocative)

Catalan: lema

Dutch: lemma

English: lemma

French: lemme

German: Lemma

Italian: lemma

Spanish: lema

From Ancient Greek λῆμμα (lêmma, “premise, assumption”), from λαμβάνω (lambánō, “I take”).

der

(literally) A subject for consideration or explanation, a theme, matter, subject, contents.

transferred senses
transferred sense#English

the title of an epigram (because it indicates the subject)

(transferred senses):
the epigram itself

(transferred senses):
the assumption or lemma of a syllogism


tuber

la-noun

tūber n (genitive tūberis); third declension

tūber (canonical neuter)
tūberis (genitive)
tūber (nominative singular)
tūbera (nominative plural)
tūberis (genitive singular)
tūberum (genitive plural)
tūberī (dative singular)
tūberibus (dative plural)
tūber (accusative singular)
tūbera (accusative plural)
tūbere (ablative singular)
tūberibus (ablative plural)
tūber (singular vocative)
tūbera (plural vocative)

→ English: tuber

→ Portuguese: túbera

→ Spanish: tubera

⇒ Vulgar Latin: *tūbellum (diminutive)

Old Leonese:

Asturian: todiyu, todiellu, todíu

Old Spanish: touiello
Spanish: tobillo

⇒ Vulgar Latin: *tufera

Old Catalan: tòfera

Catalan: tòfona

Old Occitan: trufa

Occitan: trufa

→ Catalan: trufa

→ Old French: trufe

desctree

French: truffe
→ Greek: τρούφα (troúfa)
→ Japanese: トリュフ
→ Romanian: trufă

⇒ Old French: trufle (variant)

→ Alemannic German: trüffulu, trifflu (Italian Walser)

→ Danish: trøffel

→ Dutch: truffel

→ English: truffle

→ Faroese: trøfla

→ German: Trüffel (see there for further descendants)

→ Norwegian: trøffel

→ Polish: trufla

→ Swedish: tryffel
→ Finnish: tryffeli

→ Portuguese: trufa

→ Spanish: trufa

q

⇒ Vulgar Latin: (Vulgar equivalent to Classical Latin terrae tūber (“tuber of the earth”))

Italian: tartufo (see there for further descendants)

⇒ Italian: tartufolo (diminutive) (see there for further descendants)

Rhaeto-Romance:

desc

Romansch: tartuffel, hardefel, truffel, tiffel, ardöffel

Probably from Proto-Italic *tūβos, from Proto-Indo-European *tewh₂- (“to swell”) (though de Vaan is skeptical of the hypothetical morphology).

der

a hump, bump, swelling, protuberance; excrescence

the cyclamen or other similar plants with tuberous roots

a truffle (any of various edible fungi, of the genus Tuber)


tuber

la-noun

tuber m or f (genitive tuberis); third declension

tuberis (genitive)
tuber (nominative singular)
tuberēs (nominative plural)
tuberis (genitive singular)
tuberum (genitive plural)
tuberī (dative singular)
tuberibus (dative plural)
tuberem (accusative singular)
tuberēs (accusative plural)
tubere (ablative singular)
tuberibus (ablative plural)
tuber (singular vocative)
tuberēs (plural vocative)

Crataegus azarolus
Crataegus azarolus#Translingual

(usually feminine) a kind of tree or bush of foreign origin, possibly the azarole (Crataegus azarolus)

(usually masculine) the fruit of the above tree


tensor

tensor m (genitive tensōris); third declension

tensōris (genitive)
tensor (nominative singular)
tensōrēs (nominative plural)
tensōris (genitive singular)
tensōrum (genitive plural)
tensōrī (dative singular)
tensōribus (dative plural)
tensōrem (accusative singular)
tensōrēs (accusative plural)
tensōre (ablative singular)
tensōribus (ablative plural)
tensor (singular vocative)
tensōrēs (plural vocative)

→ English: tensor

From tendō (“stretch, distend, extend”) + -tor (agent suffix).


Charybdis

la-proper noun

Charybdis f sg (genitive Charybdis); third declension

Charybdis (genitive)
Charybdis (nominative singular)
Charybdis (genitive singular)
Charybdī (dative singular)
Charybdim (accusative singular)
Charybdin (accusative singular)
Charybdī (ablative singular)
Charybdis (singular vocative)

[kʰäˈrʏbd̪ɪs̠]

From Ancient Greek Χάρυβδις (Khárubdis).


anathema

la-noun

anathema n (genitive anathematis); third declension

anathematis (genitive)
anathema (nominative singular)
anathemata (nominative plural)
anathematis (genitive singular)
anathematum (genitive plural)
anathematī (dative singular)
anathematibus (dative plural)
anathema (accusative singular)
anathemata (accusative plural)
anathemate (ablative singular)
anathematibus (ablative plural)
anathema (singular vocative)
anathemata (plural vocative)

German: Anathema

→ Polish: anatema (learned)

[äˈnät̪ʰɛmä]

[äˈnäːt̪emä]

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἀνάθεμα (anáthema, “something dedicated, especially dedicated to eternal damnation”).

bor

offering (especially the life of a person)


-o

-ō (canonical masculine)
-ōnis (genitive)
-ō (nominative singular)
-ōnēs (nominative plural)
-ōnis (genitive singular)
-ōnum (genitive plural)
-ōnī (dative singular)
-ōnibus (dative plural)
-ōnem (accusative singular)
-ōnēs (accusative plural)
-ōne (ablative singular)
-ōnibus (ablative plural)
-ō (singular vocative)
-ōnēs (plural vocative)

French: -on
→ English: -oon

Italian: -one

Portuguese: -ão

Romanian: -oi, -oni

Sicilian: -uni, -una

Spanish: -ón

table
From Proto-Indo-European *-h₃onh₂- (with nominative ō made common to all cases). Etymologically, it forms part of the abstract noun suffixes -iō f, -tiō f, -āgō f, -īgō f, -ūgō f, -tūdō f, -ēdō f, but synchronically, these have become differentiated in Latin: abstract nouns in -ō are regularly feminine (and those that end in a consonant + -ō show -in- rather than -ōn- in oblique cases), whereas non-abstract nouns in -ō, -ōnis are typically masculine.

combibere (“to drink together”) → combibō (“drinking buddy”)

vāpulāre (“to get beaten”) → vāpulō (“who gets frequently flogged”)

?cōci- → cōciō (“broker”)

centuria (“century”) → centuriō (“centurion”)

mūlus (“mule”) → mūliō (“muleteer”)

Ancient Greek μωρός (mōrós, “dull, sluggish”) → mōriō (“idiot”)

Used to form masculine nouns with various meanings:

forms agent nouns, positive and especially negative nicknames and other personal designations, especially in colloquial language.

aquila (“eagle”) → Aquilō (“the North wind”)

incubāre (“to lie on top”) → Incubō (“a spirit that watches over buried treasures”)

cūria (“curia”) → Cūriō

cicer (“chickpea”) → Cicerō

vārus (“bow-legged”) → Varrō

catus (“clever, shrewd”) → Catō

conger (“sea-eel”) → Congriō (“name of a cook in Plautus”)

(Late Latin) also used as an ending for some inanimate nouns.


-o

-ō (canonical feminine)
-ōnis (genitive)

Borrowed from Paleo-Balkan. Compare Albanian -ónjë, Aromanian -oanje, -oanji, -onje and Romanian -oaie, all forming feminine equivalent of nouns.

Aplis m + -o → Aplo f

Baezus m + -o → Baezo f

Dasant- m + -o → Dasto f

Ditus m + -o → Dito f

Paius m + -o → Paio f

Vendes m + -o → Vendo f

form feminine equivalents of given names of central Dalmatia


iris

la-noun

īris f (genitive īris or īridis); third declension

īris (canonical feminine)
īris (genitive)
īridis (genitive)
īris (nominative singular)
īrēs (nominative plural)
īridēs (nominative plural)
īris (genitive singular)
īridis (genitive singular)
īrium (genitive plural)
īridum (genitive plural)
īrī (dative singular)
īridī (dative singular)
īribus (dative plural)
īridibus (dative plural)
īrem (accusative singular)
īrim (accusative singular)
īrin (accusative singular)
īridem (accusative singular)
īrēs (accusative plural)
īrīs (accusative plural)
īridēs (accusative plural)
īre (ablative singular)
īride (ablative singular)
īribus (ablative plural)
īridibus (ablative plural)
īris (singular vocative)
īrēs (plural vocative)
īridēs (plural vocative)


biceps

la-adj

biceps (genitive bicipitis); third-declension one-termination adjective

bicipitis (genitive)
biceps (feminine masculine neuter nominative singular)
bicipitēs (feminine masculine nominative plural)
bicipitia (neuter nominative plural)
bicipitis (feminine genitive masculine neuter singular)
bicipitium (feminine genitive masculine neuter plural)
bicipitī (dative feminine masculine neuter singular)
bicipitibus (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
bicipitem (accusative feminine masculine singular)
biceps (accusative neuter singular)
bicipitēs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
bicipitia (accusative neuter plural)
bicipitī (ablative feminine masculine neuter singular)
bicipitibus (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
biceps (feminine masculine neuter singular vocative)
bicipitēs (feminine masculine plural vocative)
bicipitia (neuter plural vocative)

Asturian: bíceps

Catalan: bíceps

English: biceps, bicipital

French: biceps

Galician: bíceps

Italian: bicipite

Piedmontese: bicìpi

Portuguese: bíceps

Romanian: biceps

Spanish: bíceps

Iane biceps, anni tacite labentis origo.

Two-headed Janus, source of the quietly passing year

Ardet in inmensum geminatis ignibus Aetne
Parnasosque biceps et Eryx et Cynthus et Othrys.
Aetna blazes in immense doubled flames

and twin-peaked Parnasus and Eryx, Cynthus and Othrys

(of mountains) having two summits or peaks


crater

la-noun

crātēr m (genitive crātēris or crātēros); third declension

crātēr (canonical masculine)
crātēris (genitive)
crātēros (genitive)
crātēr (nominative singular)
crātērēs (nominative plural)
crātēres (nominative plural)
crātēris (genitive singular)
crātēros (genitive singular)
crātērum (genitive plural)
crātērī (dative singular)
crātēribus (dative plural)
crātērem (accusative singular)
crātēra (accusative singular)
crātērēs (accusative plural)
crātēras (accusative plural)
crātēre (ablative singular)
crātēribus (ablative plural)
crātēr (singular vocative)
crātērēs (plural vocative)
crātēres (plural vocative)

→ English: crater

→ Finnish: krateeri

→ French: cratère

→ German: Krater

→ Hungarian: kráter

→ Serbo-Croatian: кра́тер

→ Russian: кра́тер (kráter)

→ Sicilian: cratiri

→ Spanish: cráter

→ Catalan: cràter

→ Galician: cráter

Borrowed from Ancient Greek κρᾱτήρ (krātḗr, “mixingbowl, wassail-bowl”), from κεράννυμι (keránnumi, “to mix, to mingle, to blend”).

bor

A basin or bowl for water or for mixing.


clamor

la-noun

clāmor m (genitive clāmōris); third declension

clāmor (canonical masculine)
clāmōris (genitive)
clāmor (nominative singular)
clāmōrēs (nominative plural)
clāmōris (genitive singular)
clāmōrum (genitive plural)
clāmōrī (dative singular)
clāmōribus (dative plural)
clāmōrem (accusative singular)
clāmōrēs (accusative plural)
clāmōre (ablative singular)
clāmōribus (ablative plural)
clāmor (singular vocative)
clāmōrēs (plural vocative)

French: clameur

→ English: clamor, clamour

→ Italian: clamore

→ Portuguese: clamor

→ Spanish: clamor

From Old Latin clāmōs, from clāmō (“complain, cry out”) + -or.

clāmōs

Old Latin form, found in Ennius and Lucretius

“… clāmōrēs simul horrendōs ad sīdera tollit ….”
“[The serpents attack Laocoön:] at the same time he raises horrible cries up to heaven ….”


vis

vīs f (irregular, genitive *vīs); third declension

vīs (canonical feminine)
*vīs (genitive)
vīs (nominative singular)
vīrēs (nominative plural)
vīs (genitive singular)
vīrium (genitive plural)
vī (dative singular)
vīribus (dative plural)
vim (accusative singular)
vīrēs (accusative plural)
vīrīs (accusative plural)
vī (ablative singular)
vīribus (ablative plural)
vīs (singular vocative)
vīrēs (plural vocative)

→ English: vis, vim

From Proto-Italic *wīs, from Proto-Indo-European *wéyh₁s (“force, vehemence”), from *weyh₁- (“to rush”). Cognate with Ancient Greek ἴς (ís, “strength”), Sanskrit वयस् (vayas, “enjoyment, vigor, youth, age”). See also via, invītus, invītō, Ancient Greek οἶμος (oîmos).

cog

Sit vīs tēcum.

force, power, strength, vigor, faculty, potency

omnibus vīribus

with all his strength; with all her might; with all their force

(in the plural) strength, might (physical)

the Wikipedia page Martin Luther on Catholic church reform
Nōn vī, sed verbō.

ad vim atque ad arma confugere

(figuratively) meaning, significance, nature, essence and value of a word


lictor

la-noun

līctor m (genitive līctōris, feminine līctrīx); third declension

līctor (canonical masculine)
līctōris (genitive)
līctrīx (feminine)
līctor (nominative singular)
līctōrēs (nominative plural)
līctōris (genitive singular)
līctōrum (genitive plural)
līctōrī (dative singular)
līctōribus (dative plural)
līctōrem (accusative singular)
līctōrēs (accusative plural)
līctōre (ablative singular)
līctōribus (ablative plural)
līctor (singular vocative)
līctōrēs (plural vocative)

English: lictor

French: licteur

Italian: littore

Polish: liktor

Spanish: lictor

Possibly from the same root as ligō, ligāre, ligāvī, ligātus (“to bind”). In this case, the reference might be to the fascis symbol and their role as a magistrates' attaché; see also ligation and liaison. The long vowel would be the result of Lachmann's law, as in āctor from agō. Aulus Gellius writes that Valgius Rufus derived līctor from ligandō, whereas Tiro Tullius, a freedman of Cicero, derived it from līcium. The same root has been dubiously connected to religiō. On the basis of the Albanian lidh (“to bind, tie”), the root is reconstructed as Proto-Indo-European *leyǵ-, although the lack of other certain cognates makes it uncertain.


glans

glāns f (genitive glandis); third declension

glāns (canonical feminine)
glandis (genitive)
glāns (nominative singular)
glandēs (nominative plural)
glandis (genitive singular)
glandum (genitive plural)
glandī (dative singular)
glandibus (dative plural)
glandem (accusative singular)
glandēs (accusative plural)
glande (ablative singular)
glandibus (ablative plural)
glāns (singular vocative)
glandēs (plural vocative)

Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: gljindã

Romanian: ghindă

Italo-Romance:

Italian: ghianda, ajjanna (Reati)

Sicilian: ghianna

Calabrian: aghianda

Padanian:

Friulian: gland, glant

Ladin: gian

Piedmontese: giand, agian, gianda

desc

Romansch: glogn, glonda, galonda, glanda

Northern Gallo-Romance:

Franco-Provençal: glland, agllan, allan, llan

Valdôtain: llande, llan

Old French: glant, glande

French: gland, glande

Southern Gallo-Romance:

Aragonese: glan

Belsetán: lan

Ribagorçan: llan

Old Catalan: glan, aglan

Catalan: gla, aglá

Old Occitan: glan, aglan

Occitan: agland (silent ⟨d⟩)

Gascon: gland

Vivaro-Alpine: gland, alhand

Ibero-Romance:

Asturian: llande

Portuguese: lande

Spanish: lande (Álava), llande (regional?)

Insular Romance:

Sardinian:

Campidanese: landi

Logudorese: lande, landa

Nuorese: grande, lande, lanne

Vulgar Latin: glandinis

Neapolitan: ghialne (Andria)

Piedmontese: giandr

Sardinian: landiri (Campidanese)

Spanish: landre

Borrowings:

→ Catalan: gland

→ English: gland, glans

→ French: glande

→ Galician: glande

→ Italian: glande

→ Portuguese: glande

→ Romanian: gland

→ Russian: гла́нды (glándy)

→ Spanish: glande

From Proto-Italic *glānts, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷelh₂- (“acorn”).

(literal) an acorn, nut; any acorn-shaped fruit; a beechnut, chestnut

(weaponry) an acorn-shaped ball of lead or clay, hurled at the enemy

(transferred sense)
(New Latin, firearms) a bullet

(transferred sense)
(anatomy) the glans penis


triceps

la-adj

triceps (genitive tricipitis); third-declension one-termination adjective

tricipitis (genitive)
triceps (feminine masculine neuter nominative singular)
tricipitēs (feminine masculine nominative plural)
tricipitia (neuter nominative plural)
tricipitis (feminine genitive masculine neuter singular)
tricipitium (feminine genitive masculine neuter plural)
tricipitī (dative feminine masculine neuter singular)
tricipitibus (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
tricipitem (accusative feminine masculine singular)
triceps (accusative neuter singular)
tricipitēs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
tricipitia (accusative neuter plural)
tricipitī (ablative feminine masculine neuter singular)
tricipitibus (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
triceps (feminine masculine neuter singular vocative)
tricipitēs (feminine masculine plural vocative)
tricipitia (neuter plural vocative)

English: triceps

Galician: tríceps

Spanish: tríceps

From Proto-Italic *triskaputis. Equivalent to trēs (“three”) + -ceps (“headed”).

Philosophia triceps: naturalis, rationalis, moralis.

1504, Gregor Reisch, Margarita Philosophica, Strasbourg, page titular

Tripartite philosophy: natural, rational, moral.


pallor

la-noun

pallor m (genitive pallōris); third declension

pallōris (genitive)
pallor (nominative singular)
pallōrēs (nominative plural)
pallōris (genitive singular)
pallōrum (genitive plural)
pallōrī (dative singular)
pallōribus (dative plural)
pallōrem (accusative singular)
pallōrēs (accusative plural)
pallōre (ablative singular)
pallōribus (ablative plural)
pallor (singular vocative)
pallōrēs (plural vocative)

→ English: pallor

French: pâleur

Galician: balor

Italian: pallore

Portuguese: bolor, palor

Spanish: palor

From palleō (“I am or look pale, blanch”) + -or, from Proto-Indo-European *pel- (“gray”).

af

pallor abit, subitāsque vident in corpore vīrēs

His pallor departs, and they see sudden vigor in his body.
(Triptolemus, child of Celeus and Metanira, is healed by the goddess Ceres.)

(by extension) mustiness, moldiness, mildew

(by extension) a disagreeable color or shape, unsightliness


insignitor

la-noun

īnsignītor m (genitive īnsignītōris); third declension

īnsignītor (canonical masculine)
īnsignītōris (genitive)
īnsignītor (nominative singular)
īnsignītōrēs (nominative plural)
īnsignītōris (genitive singular)
īnsignītōrum (genitive plural)
īnsignītōrī (dative singular)
īnsignītōribus (dative plural)
īnsignītōrem (accusative singular)
īnsignītōrēs (accusative plural)
īnsignītōre (ablative singular)
īnsignītōribus (ablative plural)
īnsignītor (singular vocative)
īnsignītōrēs (plural vocative)

[ĩːs̠iːŋˈniːt̪ɔr]


demonstrator

dēmōnstrātor m (genitive dēmōnstrātōris); third declension

dēmōnstrātor (canonical masculine)
dēmōnstrātōris (genitive)
dēmōnstrātor (nominative singular)
dēmōnstrātōrēs (nominative plural)
dēmōnstrātōris (genitive singular)
dēmōnstrātōrum (genitive plural)
dēmōnstrātōrī (dative singular)
dēmōnstrātōribus (dative plural)
dēmōnstrātōrem (accusative singular)
dēmōnstrātōrēs (accusative plural)
dēmōnstrātōre (ablative singular)
dēmōnstrātōribus (ablative plural)
dēmōnstrātor (singular vocative)
dēmōnstrātōrēs (plural vocative)

[d̪eːmõːˈs̠t̪räːt̪ɔr]

one who, or that which, points out or demonstrates; an indicator, guide


valor

valor m (genitive valōris); third declension

valōris (genitive)
valor (nominative singular)
valōrēs (nominative plural)
valōris (genitive singular)
valōrum (genitive plural)
valōrī (dative singular)
valōribus (dative plural)
valōrem (accusative singular)
valōrēs (accusative plural)
valōre (ablative singular)
valōribus (ablative plural)
valor (singular vocative)
valōrēs (plural vocative)

Albanian: vlerë

Asturian: valor

Catalan: valor

English: valor, valour

French: valeur f

Friulian: valôr

Galician: valor

Interlingua: valor

Italian: valore

Norman: valeu

Ladin: valor

Occitan: valor

Portuguese: valor

Romanian: valoare

Romansch: valur, valour

Sardinian: balore, valore

Sicilian: valuri

Spanish: valor

→ Cebuano: balor

Found in Late Latin, from valeō (“I am worth, I am strong”) + -or. Compare with the classical valētūdō.


aeon

aeōn m (genitive aeōnis); third declension

aeōn (canonical masculine)
aeōnis (genitive)
aeōn (nominative singular)
aeōnēs (nominative plural)
aeōnis (genitive singular)
aeōnum (genitive plural)
aeōnī (dative singular)
aeōnibus (dative plural)
aeōnem (accusative singular)
aeōnēs (accusative plural)
aeōne (ablative singular)
aeōnibus (ablative plural)
aeōn (singular vocative)
aeōnēs (plural vocative)

English: eon, aeon

Spanish: eón

French: éon

Portuguese: éon

Italian: eone

Borrowed from Ancient Greek αἰών (aiṓn, “age, eternity”).


ichneumon

la-noun

ichneumōn m (genitive ichneumonis); third declension

ichneumōn (canonical masculine)
ichneumonis (genitive)
ichneumōn (nominative singular)
ichneumonēs (nominative plural)
ichneumonis (genitive singular)
ichneumonum (genitive plural)
ichneumonī (dative singular)
ichneumonibus (dative plural)
ichneumonem (accusative singular)
ichneumonēs (accusative plural)
ichneumone (ablative singular)
ichneumonibus (ablative plural)
ichneumōn (singular vocative)
ichneumonēs (plural vocative)

From Ancient Greek ἰχνεύμων (ikhneúmōn, “tracker”), from ἴχνος (íkhnos, “track, footstep”).

bor

...deinde internecivum bellum cum ichneumone.

Pliny the Elder, Natural History, VIII.35

...and in the next place she has given it war to the death with the ichneumon.

Herpestes ichneumon
Herpestes ichneumon#Translingual

...mustela et cornix, turtur et pyrallis, ichneumones vespae et phalangia aranei...

...the weasel and the crow, the turtle-dove and the pyrallis, ichneumon-flies and spiders...

(mythology) a legendary animal, which kills crocodiles


aris

la-noun

aris f (genitive aridis); third declension

aridis (genitive)
aris (nominative singular)
aridēs (nominative plural)
aridis (genitive singular)
aridum (genitive plural)
aridī (dative singular)
aridibus (dative plural)
aridem (accusative singular)
aridēs (accusative plural)
aride (ablative singular)
aridibus (ablative plural)
aris (singular vocative)
aridēs (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἀρίς (arís).


addax

addax m (genitive addacis); third declension

addacis (genitive)
addax (nominative singular)
addacēs (nominative plural)
addacis (genitive singular)
addacum (genitive plural)
addacī (dative singular)
addacibus (dative plural)
addacem (accusative singular)
addacēs (accusative plural)
addace (ablative singular)
addacibus (ablative plural)
addax (singular vocative)
addacēs (plural vocative)


adeps

adeps m (genitive adipis); third declension

adipis (genitive)
adeps (nominative singular)
adipēs (nominative plural)
adipis (genitive singular)
adipum (genitive plural)
adipī (dative singular)
adipibus (dative plural)
adipem (accusative singular)
adipēs (accusative plural)
adipe (ablative singular)
adipibus (ablative plural)
adeps (singular vocative)
adipēs (plural vocative)

Possibly from Proto-Italic *adlepa, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂leybʰ-. Related to Umbrian 𐌀𐌛𐌄𐌐𐌄𐌔 (ařepes).


Iupiter

la-proper noun

Iūpiter m sg (genitive Iovis); third declension

Iūpiter (canonical masculine singular)
Iovis (genitive)
Iūpiter (nominative singular)
Iovis (genitive singular)
Iovī (dative singular)
Iovem (accusative singular)
Iove (ablative singular)
Iūpiter (singular vocative)

Alternative spelling of Iuppiter and earlier form of the word


malefactor

la-noun

malefactor m (genitive malefactōris); third declension

malefactōris (genitive)
malefactor (nominative singular)
malefactōrēs (nominative plural)
malefactōris (genitive singular)
malefactōrum (genitive plural)
malefactōrī (dative singular)
malefactōribus (dative plural)
malefactōrem (accusative singular)
malefactōrēs (accusative plural)
malefactōre (ablative singular)
malefactōribus (ablative plural)
malefactor (singular vocative)
malefactōrēs (plural vocative)

Asturian: malfechor

French: malfaiteur

Friulian: malfatôr

Galician: malfeitor

Italian: malfattore

Old Catalan: malfaytor

Portuguese: malfeitor

Sicilian: malfatturi

Spanish: malhechor

→ Catalan: malfactor

→ English: malefactor

[mäɫ̪ɛˈfäkt̪ɔr]

From malefaciō + -tor, corresponding to male (“evilly”) + factor (“maker”). Used in Old Latin by Plautus and then more commonly in Late Latin.

wrongdoer, evildoer, malefactor, villain


benefactor

benefactor m (genitive benefactōris); third declension

benefactōris (genitive)
benefactor (nominative singular)
benefactōrēs (nominative plural)
benefactōris (genitive singular)
benefactōrum (genitive plural)
benefactōrī (dative singular)
benefactōribus (dative plural)
benefactōrem (accusative singular)
benefactōrēs (accusative plural)
benefactōre (ablative singular)
benefactōribus (ablative plural)
benefactor (singular vocative)
benefactōrēs (plural vocative)

French: bienfaiteur

Friulian: benfatôr

Galician: benfeitor

Italian: benefattore

Norman: beinfaiteur

Old Catalan: benfaytor

Portuguese: benfeitor

Romanian: binefăcător

Sicilian: benifatturi

Spanish: bienhechor

Venetian: benefator

→ Catalan: benefactor

→ English: benefactor

→ Spanish: benefactor

(Late Latin) benefactor; one who confers a favour


squalor

squālor m (genitive squālōris); third declension

squālor (canonical masculine)
squālōris (genitive)
squālor (nominative singular)
squālōrēs (nominative plural)
squālōris (genitive singular)
squālōrum (genitive plural)
squālōrī (dative singular)
squālōribus (dative plural)
squālōrem (accusative singular)
squālōrēs (accusative plural)
squālōre (ablative singular)
squālōribus (ablative plural)
squālor (singular vocative)
squālōrēs (plural vocative)

[ˈs̠kʷäːɫ̪ɔr]

dirtiness, filthiness, foulness, squalor


gladiator

gladiātor m (genitive gladiātōris, feminine gladiātrīx); third declension

gladiātor (canonical masculine)
gladiātōris (genitive)
gladiātrīx (feminine)
gladiātor (nominative singular)
gladiātōrēs (nominative plural)
gladiātōris (genitive singular)
gladiātōrum (genitive plural)
gladiātōrī (dative singular)
gladiātōribus (dative plural)
gladiātōrem (accusative singular)
gladiātōrēs (accusative plural)
gladiātōre (ablative singular)
gladiātōribus (ablative plural)
gladiātor (singular vocative)
gladiātōrēs (plural vocative)

→ Catalan: gladiador

→ Czech: gladiátor

→ Danish: gladiator

→ Dutch: gladiator

→ English: gladiator

→ French: gladiateur

→ German: Gladiator

→ Hungarian: gladiátor

→ Italian: gladiatore

→ Norwegian: gladiator

→ Polish: gladiator

→ Portuguese: gladiador

→ Romanian: gladiator

→ Russian: гладиа́тор (gladiátor)

→ Sicilian: gladiaturi

→ Spanish: gladiador

→ Swedish: gladiator

[ɡɫ̪äd̪iˈäːt̪ɔr]

Derived from either gladiō (“I use the sword”) + -tor (“-tor”) or gladior (“I use the sword”) + -tor (“-tor”). The verb gladiāre/gladiārī is attested only indirectly from derived forms such as gladiātor, ars gladiandī or, in an inscription, gladiantēs.


progenitor

la-noun

prōgenitor m (genitive prōgenitōris); third declension

prōgenitor (canonical masculine)
prōgenitōris (genitive)
prōgenitor (nominative singular)
prōgenitōrēs (nominative plural)
prōgenitōris (genitive singular)
prōgenitōrum (genitive plural)
prōgenitōrī (dative singular)
prōgenitōribus (dative plural)
prōgenitōrem (accusative singular)
prōgenitōrēs (accusative plural)
prōgenitōre (ablative singular)
prōgenitōribus (ablative plural)
prōgenitor (singular vocative)
prōgenitōrēs (plural vocative)

Catalan: progenitor

French: progéniteur

Galician: proxenitor

Italian: progenitore

Portuguese: progenitor

Spanish: progenitor


Ares

la-proper noun

Arēs m sg (genitive Aris); third declension

Arēs (canonical masculine singular)
Aris (genitive)
Arēs (nominative singular)
Aris (genitive singular)
Arī (dative singular)
Arem (accusative singular)
Are (ablative singular)
Arēs (singular vocative)

Catalan: Ares

English: Ares

French: Arès

Galician: Ares

Italian: Ares

Portuguese: Ares

Romanian: Ares

Spanish: Ares

(Greek mythology) Ares, Mars in Greek or literary contexts


daemon

la-noun

daemōn m (genitive daemonis); third declension

daemōn (canonical masculine)
daemonis (genitive)
daemōn (nominative singular)
daemonēs (nominative plural)
daemonis (genitive singular)
daemonum (genitive plural)
daemonī (dative singular)
daemonibus (dative plural)
daemonem (accusative singular)
daemona (accusative singular)
daemonēs (accusative plural)
daemonas (accusative plural)
daemone (ablative singular)
daemonibus (ablative plural)
daemōn (singular vocative)
daemonēs (plural vocative)

→ Albanian: djemën

Aromanian: demun

→ Catalan: dèmon (learned)

→ English: daemon, demon

→ French: démon

Galician: demo

→ German: Dämon

desctree

→ Old Irish: demon, demun
Irish: deamhan
Scottish Gaelic: deamhan

Italian: demone

Portuguese: demo, demónio/demônio

Translingual: Felis daemon

From Ancient Greek δαίμων (daímōn, “dispenser, god, protective spirit”).

der

a genius loci, a lar, the protective spirit or godling of a place or household

(astrology) the 11th of the 12 signs of the zodiac

[…] perſuadent enim ſe crebro cum dæmone ſermones ſerere, quem Wattipam nominant, & res geſtas in longinquis regionibus ab ipſo edoceri, nec non futuras præmoneri: agnoſcunt autem hunc ſpiritum malum eſſe; neque injuria, nam haud raro miſerum in modum ab ipſo flagellantur.

1633, Johannes de Laet, Novus orbis seu descriptionis Indiæ occidentalis, Libri XVIII, page 642

For they persuade themselves that they often hold conversations with a demon whom they call Wattipa, and that they are informed by him of things done in distant regions, and indeed foreshown things to be: but they acknowledge that this spirit is evil; and not without reason, for not infrequently they are scourged by him in a miserable manner.


mulier

la-noun

mulier f (genitive mulieris); third declension

mulieris (genitive)
mulier (nominative singular)
mulierēs (nominative plural)
mulieris (genitive singular)
mulierum (genitive plural)
mulierī (dative singular)
mulieribus (dative plural)
mulierem (accusative singular)
mulierēs (accusative plural)
muliere (ablative singular)
mulieribus (ablative plural)
mulier (singular vocative)
mulierēs (plural vocative)

Balkan Romance:

desc

Aromanian: muljari, muljare, muljeari, muljeare, mljari, mljare, muieri

Istro-Romanian: muľerĕ

Megleno-Romanian: muľari

Romanian: muiere

Dalmatian:

mojer, molier, moler; mulir (Ragusan dialect)

Italo-Romance:

Italian: moglie, mogliera (Tuscan); muglieri (archaic)

Neapolitan: mugliera

Sicilian: mugghieri, muggheri, muglieri

Insular Romance:

Sardinian: muzere, mulleri (Campidanese)

North Italian:

Gallo-Italic:

Emilian: mujer, mujera

Old Ligurian: moier

Old Lombard: muglier

Lombard: mié

→? Romansch: muglier

Piedmontese: mujé

Romagnol: mój, mujéṟ (Central Romagna)

Friulian: muîr

Istriot: muier

Venetian: mojer, mojere

Gallo-Romance:

Old Francoprovençal: moillier, muillier

Franco-Provençal: mulyer

Old French: muiler, moylier, muillier, mulier, moillier

Middle French: muillier, molier (hapax)

Occitano-Romance:

Old Catalan: muyller, muyler, muller, muyer, muler

Catalan: muller

desctree

Old Occitan: molher
Occitan: molhèr
→ Middle French: moulhé

Ibero-Romance:

Aragonese: muller

Old Leonese: muyer, mujer (Salamanca); muller (Asturias)
Asturian: muyer
Leonese: muyer, muyere
Mirandese: mulhier

Old Galician-Portuguese: moller, muller, molher
Fala: mullel
Galician: muller
Portuguese: mulher (see there for further descendants)

Old Spanish: mugier, muger; muller
Ladino: mujer
Spanish: mujer

Borrowings:

→ English: mulier

From Proto-Italic *moljes, of uncertain origin; it has been proposed that it might derive from mollior, comparative of mollis (“soft, tender”). Others propose it might be akin to mulgere and therefore mean “the milk-giver”. Contamination within either of these two terms can be possible.
The former is from Isidore's Etymologies: "Mulier vero a mollitie, tanquam mollier, detracta littera vel mutata, appellata est mulier".

mulier sapiēns es, Nausistrata.

c. 161 BCE, Publius Terentius Afer, Phormio 5.9


farrago

la-noun

farrāgō f (genitive farrāginis); third declension

farrāgō (canonical feminine)
farrāginis (genitive)
farrāgō (nominative singular)
farrāginēs (nominative plural)
farrāginis (genitive singular)
farrāginum (genitive plural)
farrāginī (dative singular)
farrāginibus (dative plural)
farrāginem (accusative singular)
farrāginēs (accusative plural)
farrāgine (ablative singular)
farrāginibus (ablative plural)
farrāgō (singular vocative)
farrāginēs (plural vocative)

Italo-Romance:

Old Italian: farraggine

Sardinian: farràine, farrani, forrani

→ Italian: ferrana

North Italian

Lombard: fraina

→ Italian: fraina

Occitano-Romance:

Old Occitan: farratge, ferrage

Occitan: ferratge

Catalan: farratge

West Iberian:

Old Galician-Portuguese: ferrãe

Galician: ferraña, ferrán

Portuguese: ferrã

Old Spanish: ferranne, ferraine, ferrén

Spanish: herrén, rain

Borrowings:

→ English: farrago, farraginous

→ Italian: farragine

→ Portuguese: farragem (semi-learned)

→ Spanish: fárrago

[färˈräːɡoː]

A kind of hash, mixed fodder for animals


libertas

lībertās f (genitive lībertātis); third declension

lībertās (canonical feminine)
lībertātis (genitive)
lībertās (nominative singular)
lībertātēs (nominative plural)
lībertātis (genitive singular)
lībertātum (genitive plural)
lībertātī (dative singular)
lībertātibus (dative plural)
lībertātem (accusative singular)
lībertātēs (accusative plural)
lībertāte (ablative singular)
lībertātibus (ablative plural)
lībertās (singular vocative)
lībertātēs (plural vocative)

→ Friulian: libertât

→ Italian: libertà

Old Occitan:

→ Catalan: llibertat

→ Occitan: libertat

→ Old French: liberté

French: liberté

→ Romanian: libertate

→ Middle English: liberte

English: liberty

→ Old Galician-Portuguese: liberdade

Galician: liberdade

Portuguese: liberdade

→ Sicilian: libbirtati (old Sicilian)

Sicilian: libbirtà

→ Old Spanish: libertat

→ Spanish: libertad

→ Venetian: łibartà

[lʲiːˈbɛrt̪äːs̠]

From Proto-Italic *louðortāts, equivalent to līber (“free”) + -tās. Cognate with Faliscan 𐌋𐌏𐌉𐌅𐌉𐌓𐌕𐌀𐌕𐌏 (loifirtato).


masturbatio

masturbātiō f (genitive masturbātiōnis); third declension

masturbātiō (canonical feminine)
masturbātiōnis (genitive)
masturbātiō (nominative singular)
masturbātiōnēs (nominative plural)
masturbātiōnis (genitive singular)
masturbātiōnum (genitive plural)
masturbātiōnī (dative singular)
masturbātiōnibus (dative plural)
masturbātiōnem (accusative singular)
masturbātiōnēs (accusative plural)
masturbātiōne (ablative singular)
masturbātiōnibus (ablative plural)
masturbātiō (singular vocative)
masturbātiōnēs (plural vocative)

Catalan: masturbació

French: masturbation

→ English: masturbation

Galician: masturbación

Italian: masturbazione

Portuguese: masturbação

Romanian: masturbație

Spanish: masturbación


Oedipus

la-proper noun

Oedipūs or Oedipus m sg (variously declined, genitive Oedipodos or Oedipodis or Oedipī); third declension, second declension

Oedipūs (canonical)
Oedipus (canonical masculine singular)
Oedipodos (genitive)
Oedipodis (genitive)
Oedipī (genitive)
Oedipūs (nominative singular)
Oedipus (nominative singular)
Oedipodos (genitive singular)
Oedipodis (genitive singular)
Oedipī (genitive singular)
Oedipodī (dative singular)
Oedipō (dative singular)
Oedipoda (accusative singular)
Oedipodem (accusative singular)
Oedipum (accusative singular)
Oedipode (ablative singular)
Oedipō (ablative singular)
Oedipūs (singular vocative)
Oedipe (singular vocative)

From Ancient Greek Οἰδίπους (Oidípous, apparently from οἰδάω (oidáō, “to swell”) + πούς (poús, “foot”)).

der

(Greek mythology) King of Thebes, son of Laius and Jocasta.


diaphoresis

la-noun

diaphorēsis f (genitive diaphorēsis or diaphorēseōs or diaphorēsios); third declension

diaphorēsis (canonical feminine)
diaphorēsis (genitive)
diaphorēseōs (genitive)
diaphorēsios (genitive)
diaphorēsis (nominative singular)
diaphorēsēs (nominative plural)
diaphorēseis (nominative plural)
diaphorēsis (genitive singular)
diaphorēseōs (genitive singular)
diaphorēsios (genitive singular)
diaphorēsium (genitive plural)
diaphorēsī (dative singular)
diaphorēsibus (dative plural)
diaphorēsim (accusative singular)
diaphorēsin (accusative singular)
diaphorēsem (accusative singular)
diaphorēsēs (accusative plural)
diaphorēsīs (accusative plural)
diaphorēsī (ablative singular)
diaphorēse (ablative singular)
diaphorēsibus (ablative plural)
diaphorēsis (singular vocative)
diaphorēsi (singular vocative)
diaphorēsēs (plural vocative)
diaphorēseis (plural vocative)

→ English: diaphoresis

Borrowed from Ancient Greek δῐᾰφόρησῐς (diaphórēsis, “evaporation, dissipation”), from δῐᾰφορέω (diaphoréō, “to dissipate by evaporation or perspiration”) + -σῐς (-sis, action noun suffix).


honor

la-noun

honor m (genitive honōris); third declension

honōris (genitive)
honor (nominative singular)
honōrēs (nominative plural)
honōris (genitive singular)
honōrum (genitive plural)
honōrī (dative singular)
honōribus (dative plural)
honōrem (accusative singular)
honōrēs (accusative plural)
honōre (ablative singular)
honōribus (ablative plural)
honor (singular vocative)
honōrēs (plural vocative)

→ Basque: ohore

Catalan: honor

Dalmatian: onaur

Esperanto: honoro

Ido: honoro

Friulian: onôr

Italian: onore

Ladin: uneur, unëur

Old Lombard: honor

Lombard: onor

Neapolitan: annore

Old French: honor, enor, eneur, onor

Anglo-Norman: honur

→ Middle Irish: onóir, anóir

Irish: onóir

Scottish Gaelic: onoir

→ Middle English: honour

English: honour, honor

Middle French: honneur

French: honneur

Occitan: onor

Piedmontese: onor

→ Old Polish: honor

desctree

Polish: honor
→ Old Ruthenian: го́норъ (hónor), го́неръ (hóner)
Belarusian: го́нар (hónar)
Carpathian Rusyn: го́нор (hónor)
Ukrainian: го́нор (hónor); го́нір (hónir) (dialectal)
→ Middle Russian: го́норъ (gónor)
Russian: го́нор (gónor)

Old Galician-Portuguese:

Galician: honor, honra

Portuguese: honra, honor

→ Romanian: onoare

Sardinian: onore, onori, unore

Sicilian: anuri, unuri

→ Maltese: unur

Spanish: honor

→ Turkish: onur

Venetian: onor

From Old Latin honōs, a form notably still used by Cicero, of unknown origin; possibly from a Proto-Indo-European root *gʰon- or *ǵʰon- (which in turn can lead to the reconstruction of an early Proto-Italic form *xonōs before Old Latin), but lacking any clear cognates.

unknown

unknown origin

honor, esteem, dignity, reputation, office


sequester

la-noun

sequester m (genitive sequestris); third declension

sequester m (genitive sequestrī); second declension

sequester (canonical masculine)
sequestris (genitive)
sequestrī (genitive)
sequester (nominative singular)
sequestrēs (nominative plural)
sequestris (genitive singular)
sequestrum (genitive plural)
sequestrī (dative singular)
sequestribus (dative plural)
sequestrem (accusative singular)
sequestrēs (accusative plural)
sequestre (ablative singular)
sequestribus (ablative plural)
sequester (singular vocative)
sequestrēs (plural vocative)
sequester (nominative singular)
sequestrī (nominative plural)
sequestrī (genitive singular)
sequestrōrum (genitive plural)
sequestrō (dative singular)
sequestrīs (dative plural)
sequestrum (accusative singular)
sequestrōs (accusative plural)
sequestrō (ablative singular)
sequestrīs (ablative plural)
sequester (singular vocative)
sequestrī (plural vocative)

[s̠ɛˈkʷɛs̠t̪ɛr]

From secus (“otherwise, beside”) + -tris from the contrastive suffix *-teros which is also found in magister, minister and mātertera.

depositary, trustee (someone to take care of property while in dispute)


detractor

dētractor m (genitive dētractōris); third declension

dētractor (canonical masculine)
dētractōris (genitive)
dētractor (nominative singular)
dētractōrēs (nominative plural)
dētractōris (genitive singular)
dētractōrum (genitive plural)
dētractōrī (dative singular)
dētractōribus (dative plural)
dētractōrem (accusative singular)
dētractōrēs (accusative plural)
dētractōre (ablative singular)
dētractōribus (ablative plural)
dētractor (singular vocative)
dētractōrēs (plural vocative)


nativitas

nātīvitās f (genitive nātīvitātis); third declension

nātīvitās (canonical feminine)
nātīvitātis (genitive)
nātīvitās (nominative singular)
nātīvitātēs (nominative plural)
nātīvitātis (genitive singular)
nātīvitātum (genitive plural)
nātīvitātī (dative singular)
nātīvitātibus (dative plural)
nātīvitātem (accusative singular)
nātīvitātēs (accusative plural)
nātīvitāte (ablative singular)
nātīvitātibus (ablative plural)
nātīvitās (singular vocative)
nātīvitātēs (plural vocative)

Catalan: nativitat, Nativitat

English: nativity, Nativity

French: nativité, Nativité

Italian: natività, Natività

Portuguese: natividade, Natividade

Romanian: nativitate

Spanish: natividad, Navidad

[näːˈt̪iːu̯ɪt̪äːs̠]

From Proto-Italic *gnātīwitāts. Equivalent to nātīvus (“native, natural”) + -tās, from nāscor (“I am born”).

Christmas, the Nativity: the feast day celebrating the birth of Jesus Christ

Twelve Days of Christmas
Twelve Days of Christmas

Christmastide, Christmas season, the Twelve Days of Christmas: the season or time between Christmas Day and the Epiphany

Annunciation (used in conjunction with "annuntiatio")


soror

soror f (genitive sorōris); third declension

sorōris (genitive)
soror (nominative singular)
sorōrēs (nominative plural)
sorōris (genitive singular)
sorōrum (genitive plural)
sorōrī (dative singular)
sorōribus (dative plural)
sorōrem (accusative singular)
sorōrēs (accusative plural)
sorōre (ablative singular)
sorōribus (ablative plural)
soror (singular vocative)
sorōrēs (plural vocative)

Via accusative sorōrem (~ *serōrem):

Balkan Romance:

Romanian: suroră

Dalmatian:

seraur

Italo-Romance:

Old Italian: serore, sorore

North Italian:

Istriot: sorura

Old Lombard: seror

Lombard: seror

Old Venetian: sorore

Piedmontese: sëror (Biella, Val Sesia)

Gallo-Romance:

Franco-Provençal: seror

Old French: seror, serur

Occitano-Romance:

Old Occitan: seror

Gascon: seror

→ Old Spanish: seror

Borrowings:

→ Interlingua: soror

→ Portuguese: soror

Via nominative sŏror:

Balkan Romance:

Romanian: sor

Dalmatian:

saur

Italo-Romance:

Old Italian: soro, suoro

Sicilian: soru

North Italian:

Friulian: sûr

Lombard: sor

Old Emilian: sore

Old Ligurian: sor

Ligurian: seu

Old Venetian: sor

Old Piedmontese: suor

Piedmontese: seur, seure

Romansch: sour

Gallo-Romance:

Franco-Provençal: suèr

Old French: suer

French: sœur

Norman: soeu

Occitano-Romance:

Catalan: sor

→ Spanish: sor

Occitan:

Auvergnat: sòrre, suerre

Gascon: sòr

Languedocien: sòrre, sòr

Provençal: sòrre

Vivaro-Alpine: sór, sòrre

Insular Romance:

desc

Sardinian: sorre (Logudorese), sorri (Campidanese)

Borrowings:

→ English: soror

Via Vulgar Latin *sŏra (< sŏror):

Balkan-Romance:

Aromanian: sorã

Megleno-Romanian: soră

Romanian: soră

Italo-Romance:

Italian: suora ⇒ sorella

q

Neapolitan: sora (dialectal plural serure < *serōrēs < sorōrēs)

North Italian:

Piedmontese: seura

Romansch: sora

⇒ Venetian: sorela, soreła

Gallo-Romance:

Franco-Provençal: suèra

From Proto-Italic *swezōr, from Proto-Indo-European *swésōr.

Anna refert: “Ō lūce magis dīlēcta sorōrī, ….”

Anna replies: “O [Dido], more dear to [your] sister than daylight, ….”
(Anna, Dido’s beloved sister and confidant, speaks her first line in the Aeneid.)

Pliadās aspiciēs omnēs tōtumque sorōrum

You will see all the Pleiades, and the whole group of sisters, when there shall be one night remaining before the Ides.
(See: Pleiades; Pleiades (Greek mythology).)

agmen, ubi ante Īdūs nox erit ūna super.

dīc sapientiae soror mea es et prūdentiam vocā amīcam tuam
Say to wisdom: Thou art my sister: and call prudence thy friend.
(Douay-Rheims trans., Challoner rev.; 1752 CE)

cousin, daughter of either a father's brother or of a mother's sister


actrix

la-noun

āctrīx f (genitive āctrīcis, masculine āctor); third declension

āctrīx (canonical feminine)
āctrīcis (genitive)
āctor (masculine)
āctrīx (nominative singular)
āctrīcēs (nominative plural)
āctrīcis (genitive singular)
āctrīcum (genitive plural)
āctrīcī (dative singular)
āctrīcibus (dative plural)
āctrīcem (accusative singular)
āctrīcēs (accusative plural)
āctrīce (ablative singular)
āctrīcibus (ablative plural)
āctrīx (singular vocative)
āctrīcēs (plural vocative)

Asturian: actriz

→ Catalan: actriu

→ English: actrix

Galician: actriz

Italian: attrice

→ Middle French: actrice

desctree

French: actrice
→ Bulgarian: актри́са (aktrísa)
→ Dutch: actrice
→ English: actrice
→ Norman: actrice
→ Ottoman Turkish: آقتریس (aktris)
Turkish: aktris
→ Russian: актри́са (aktrísa)
→ Azerbaijani: aktrisa
→ Uzbek: aktrisa
→ Yiddish: אַקטריסע (aktrise)
→ Swedish: aktris
→ Ukrainian: актри́са (aktrýsa)

Portuguese: atriz

→ Spanish: actriz

From āctus + -trīx, from agō (“do, act”).

actress, actor (female) (person who performs in a theatrical play or movie)


auctor

la-noun

auctor m (genitive auctōris, feminine auctrīx); third declension

auctōris (genitive)
auctrīx (feminine)
auctor (nominative singular)
auctōrēs (nominative plural)
auctōris (genitive singular)
auctōrum (genitive plural)
auctōrī (dative singular)
auctōribus (dative plural)
auctōrem (accusative singular)
auctōrēs (accusative plural)
auctōre (ablative singular)
auctōribus (ablative plural)
auctor (singular vocative)
auctōrēs (plural vocative)

→ German: Auctor, Autor, Author (see there for further descendants)

→ English: lamed auctoris

→ Irish: ughdar, údar

→ Italian: autore

→ Albanian: autore

→ Norman: auteu

desctree

→ Old French: autor, auctor, auctour, auctur, autour, autur
Middle French: autheur, aucteur, auctour, auteur, autteur
French: auteur (see there for further descendants)
→ Middle English: auctour, auctor, autor, autour, author, auther
English: author
Scots: author

→ Portuguese: autor

→ Romanian: autor

→ Spanish: autor

→ Welsh: awdur

From Proto-Italic *auktōr, cognate to Umbrian 𐌖𐌇𐌕𐌖𐌓 (uhtur). Equivalent to augeō (“to increase, nourish”) + -tor.

author

considered to be incorrect, but do at least occur in older New Latin

Iāne, fac aeternōs pācem pācisque ministrōs,

O Janus, make peace and its ministers everlasting,
and may the author of such an achievement, having prevailed, not abandon it.

nēve suum, praestā, dēserat auctor opus.

(figuratively) authorship, agency, encouragement

(also Medieval Latin) one who gives increase (hence: an originator, causer, doer, founder)


actio

la-noun

āctiō f (genitive āctiōnis); third declension

āctiō (canonical feminine)
āctiōnis (genitive)
āctiō (nominative singular)
āctiōnēs (nominative plural)
āctiōnis (genitive singular)
āctiōnum (genitive plural)
āctiōnī (dative singular)
āctiōnibus (dative plural)
āctiōnem (accusative singular)
āctiōnēs (accusative plural)
āctiōne (ablative singular)
āctiōnibus (ablative plural)
āctiō (singular vocative)
āctiōnēs (plural vocative)

→ Asturian: aición, aciu

→ Belarusian: а́кцыя (ákcyja)

→ Catalan: acció

→ Corsican: azzione, azzioni

→ Czech: akce

→ Dutch: actie

→ German: Aktie

→ Danish: aktie

→ Malay: aksi

Friulian: azion

→ Galician: acción

→ Georgian: აქცია (akcia)

→ German: Aktion

→ Italian: azione

Ladin: azion

→ Ladino: aksión

→ Occitan: accion

→ Old French: action

desctree

→ Middle English: accion, accioun, accyon, accyoune, acsyon, action, actioun
English: action
→ Arabic: أَكْشِن (ʔakšin)
→ Bulgarian: екшън (ekšǎn)
→ German: Action
→ Irish: aicsean
→ Hebrew: אקשן (akshn)
→ Japanese: アクション (akushon)
→ Korean: 액션 (aeksyeon)
→ Russian: экшн (ekšn)
Scots: action

French: action

→ Romanian: acțiune

Piedmontese: assion

→ Polish: akcja, akcyja (Middle Polish); akcya (pre-reform orthography (1816)) (learned)
→ Kashubian: akcjô

→ Portuguese: ação

→ Russian: а́кция (ákcija)

→ Serbo-Croatian: а̀кција, àkcija

Sicilian: azziuni, azzioni

→ Maltese: azzjoni

→ Spanish: acción

→ Ukrainian: а́кція (ákcija)

From āctum + -tiō, using the supine of agō (“do, make”).

(drama) the action, plot, series of events


redux

la-adj

redux (genitive reducis); third-declension one-termination adjective

reducis (genitive)
redux (feminine masculine neuter nominative singular)
reducēs (feminine masculine nominative plural)
reducia (neuter nominative plural)
reducis (feminine genitive masculine neuter singular)
reducium (feminine genitive masculine neuter plural)
reducī (dative feminine masculine neuter singular)
reducibus (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
reducem (accusative feminine masculine singular)
redux (accusative neuter singular)
reducēs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
reducia (accusative neuter plural)
reducī (ablative feminine masculine neuter singular)
reducibus (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
redux (feminine masculine neuter singular vocative)
reducēs (feminine masculine plural vocative)
reducia (neuter plural vocative)

→ English: redux

Italian: reduce

From redūcō (“to lead or bring back”) + -s.

(active voice, mostly as an epithet of Iuppiter and of Fortūna, in the poets and in inscriptions) that leads or brings back, that returns

(passive voice, frequent and Classical Latin) that is led or brought back (from slavery, imprisonment, from a distance, etc.), come back, returned, that has returned

passive voice; frequent and Classical Latin; passive voice; frequent and Classical Latin


speculator

la-noun

speculātor m (genitive speculātōris, feminine speculātrīx); third declension

speculātor (canonical masculine)
speculātōris (genitive)
speculātrīx (feminine)
speculātor (nominative singular)
speculātōrēs (nominative plural)
speculātōris (genitive singular)
speculātōrum (genitive plural)
speculātōrī (dative singular)
speculātōribus (dative plural)
speculātōrem (accusative singular)
speculātōrēs (accusative plural)
speculātōre (ablative singular)
speculātōribus (ablative plural)
speculātor (singular vocative)
speculātōrēs (plural vocative)

→ Catalan: especulador

→ English: speculator

→ French: spéculateur

desc

→ Byzantine Greek: σπεκουλάτωρ (spekoulátōr)

→ Aramaic::

Jewish Palestinian Aramaic: אספקלטור (/*ʾespuqlāṭōr/)

Christian Palestinian Aramaic: ܐܣܦܩܘܠܛܘܪ (/*ʾespuqlāṭōr/)

Classical Syriac: ܐܷܣܦܽܘܩܠܴܛܪܐ (ʾespuqlāṭrā)

אִסְפַּקְלָטוֺרָא

Jewish Babylonian Aramaic: אִסְפַּקְלָטוֺרָא (ʾispaqlāṭōrā)

→ Gothic: 𐍃𐍀𐌰𐌹𐌺𐌿𐌻𐌰𐍄𐌿𐍂 (spaikulatur)

→ Italian: speculatore

→ Portuguese: especulador

→ Romanian: speculator

→ Spanish: especulador

[s̠pɛkʊˈɫ̪äːt̪ɔr]

From speculor (“to watch, to observe”) + -tor (“-er: forming agent nouns”), from specula (“watchtower”), from speciō (“to watch, to observe”). Doublet of spectator.

suffix

a particular scout of the Imperial legion’s commander or of a province’s governor also competent to carry out executions


visio

la-noun

vīsiō f (genitive vīsiōnis); third declension

vīsiō (canonical feminine)
vīsiōnis (genitive)
vīsiō (nominative singular)
vīsiōnēs (nominative plural)
vīsiōnis (genitive singular)
vīsiōnum (genitive plural)
vīsiōnī (dative singular)
vīsiōnibus (dative plural)
vīsiōnem (accusative singular)
vīsiōnēs (accusative plural)
vīsiōne (ablative singular)
vīsiōnibus (ablative plural)
vīsiō (singular vocative)
vīsiōnēs (plural vocative)

Catalan: visió

→ English: vision

→ Esperanto: vizio

→ Finnish: visio

French: vision

Galician: visión

German: Vision

→ Irish: fís

Italian: visione

Occitan: vision

Piedmontese: vision

Portuguese: avejão, visão

Romanian: viziune

Spanish: visión


televisio

tēlevīsiō f (genitive tēlevīsiōnis); third declension

tēlevīsiō (canonical feminine)
tēlevīsiōnis (genitive)
tēlevīsiō (nominative singular)
tēlevīsiōnēs (nominative plural)
tēlevīsiōnis (genitive singular)
tēlevīsiōnum (genitive plural)
tēlevīsiōnī (dative singular)
tēlevīsiōnibus (dative plural)
tēlevīsiōnem (accusative singular)
tēlevīsiōnēs (accusative plural)
tēlevīsiōne (ablative singular)
tēlevīsiōnibus (ablative plural)
tēlevīsiō (singular vocative)
tēlevīsiōnēs (plural vocative)

(Contemporary Latin) television (medium)

1957, Pope Pius XII, Miranda Prorsus https://w2.vatican.va/content/pius-xii/la/encyclicals/documents/hf_p-xii_enc_08091957_miranda-prorsus.pdf, Vatican (Litterae Encyclicae)

Many have a television, since its shows provide to the eyes, with ordinary cinematographic art, the very action and activity of life.

Televisioni plura sunt; cum cinematographica arte communia, quandoquidem eius spectationes ipsam vitae actionem agitationemque oculis exhibent.

(Contemporary Latin) television (device)


victor

victor m (genitive victōris, feminine victrīx); third declension

victōris (genitive)
victrīx (feminine)
victor (nominative singular)
victōrēs (nominative plural)
victōris (genitive singular)
victōrum (genitive plural)
victōrī (dative singular)
victōribus (dative plural)
victōrem (accusative singular)
victōrēs (accusative plural)
victōre (ablative singular)
victōribus (ablative plural)
victor (singular vocative)
victōrēs (plural vocative)

Middle French: victeur

From Proto-Italic *wiktōr, from Proto-Indo-European *weyk- (“to overcome”).
By surface analysis, vincō (“to conquer”) (supine stem vict-) + -tor.


victor

la-adj

victor (genitive victōris); third-declension one-termination adjective

Italian: vittore

Alterum intactum ferro corpus et geminata victoria ferocem in certamen tertium dabat: alter fessum vulnere fessum cursu trahens corpus, victusque fratrum ante se strage victori obicitur hosti.

27 BCE – 25 BCE, Titus Livius, Ab Urbe Condita 1.25.11.5

1919 translation by B. O. Foster
The one, unscathed and elated by his double victory, was eager for a third encounter. The other dragged himself along, faint from his wound and exhausted with running; he thought how his brothers had been slaughtered before him, and was a beaten man when he faced his triumphant foe.

(of masculine nouns, animate or inanimate) victorious, triumphant, conquering


fel

la-noun

fel n (genitive fellis); third declension

fellis (genitive)
fel (nominative singular)
fella (nominative plural)
fellis (genitive singular)
fellium (genitive plural)
fellum (genitive plural)
fellī (dative singular)
fellibus (dative plural)
fel (accusative singular)
fella (accusative plural)
felle (ablative singular)
fellibus (ablative plural)
fel (singular vocative)
fella (plural vocative)

Vulgar Latin: *felem m or f (see there for further descendants)

Uncertain. Either from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰelh₃- (“green”), or from *bʰel-, *bʰl̥H- (“yellow”). *ǵʰ- > f- instead of the expected *h- is explained as being regular in some dialects. Cognates through the first etymon include holus and helvus; Ancient Greek χολή (kholḗ, “bile”) and χλωρός (khlōrós, “green”); and English yellow and gold.


torpedo

torpēdō f (genitive torpēdinis); third declension

torpēdō (canonical feminine)
torpēdinis (genitive)
torpēdō (nominative singular)
torpēdinēs (nominative plural)
torpēdinis (genitive singular)
torpēdinum (genitive plural)
torpēdinī (dative singular)
torpēdinibus (dative plural)
torpēdinem (accusative singular)
torpēdinēs (accusative plural)
torpēdine (ablative singular)
torpēdinibus (ablative plural)
torpēdō (singular vocative)
torpēdinēs (plural vocative)

English: torpedo

Italian: torpedo, torpedine

Portuguese: torpedo

Spanish: torpedo