legator

la-noun

lēgātor m (genitive lēgātōris); third declension

lēgātor (canonical masculine)
lēgātōris (genitive)
lēgātor (nominative singular)
lēgātōrēs (nominative plural)
lēgātōris (genitive singular)
lēgātōrum (genitive plural)
lēgātōrī (dative singular)
lēgātōribus (dative plural)
lēgātōrem (accusative singular)
lēgātōrēs (accusative plural)
lēgātōre (ablative singular)
lēgātōribus (ablative plural)
lēgātor (singular vocative)
lēgātōrēs (plural vocative)

English: legator

[ɫ̪eːˈɡäːt̪ɔr]

From lēgō (“leave or bequeath as a legacy”) + -tor.

af

Somebody who leaves something by will or leaves a legacy; testator.


impulsor

la-noun

impulsor m (genitive impulsōris, feminine impulstrīx); third declension

impulsōris (genitive)
impulstrīx (feminine)
impulsor (nominative singular)
impulsōrēs (nominative plural)
impulsōris (genitive singular)
impulsōrum (genitive plural)
impulsōrī (dative singular)
impulsōribus (dative plural)
impulsōrem (accusative singular)
impulsōrēs (accusative plural)
impulsōre (ablative singular)
impulsōribus (ablative plural)
impulsor (singular vocative)
impulsōrēs (plural vocative)

Catalan: impulsor

Italian: impulsore

Portuguese: impulsor

Spanish: impulsor

[ɪmˈpʊɫ̪s̠ɔr]


febris

febris f (genitive febris); third declension

febris (genitive)
febris (nominative singular)
febrēs (nominative plural)
febris (genitive singular)
febrium (genitive plural)
febrī (dative singular)
febribus (dative plural)
febrim (accusative singular)
febrem (accusative singular)
febrēs (accusative plural)
febrīs (accusative plural)
febrī (ablative singular)
febre (ablative singular)
febribus (ablative plural)
febris (singular vocative)
febrēs (plural vocative)

Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: heavrã, hior

Romanian: fior

Italo-Romance:

Italian: febbre
→ Romanian: febră

Neapolitan: freva, freve

Sicilian: frevi

North-Italian:

Friulian: fiere

Ligurian: freve

Piedmontese: frev, fevra

Romagnol: févra

Romansch: fevra, feavra, feivra

Venetian: fevra, féra

Gallo-Romance:

Catalan: febre, febra

Franco-Provençal: fiévra

Old French: fievre (see there for further descendants)

French: fièvre

→ English: fever

Occitan: fèbre, frèbe, feure

Sardinian: frebbe, frebba, fre

Ibero-Romance:

Asturian: fiebre

Old Galician-Portuguese: febre, fever

Galician: febre

Portuguese: febre

Old Spanish: hiebre, fiebre (semi-learned)

Spanish: fiebre

Ladin: fiëura

Borrowings:

→ Proto-West Germanic: *fēbr (see there for further descendants)

From Proto-Italic *feɣʷris, from earlier *θeɣʷris, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰegʷʰris, an extension of the root *dʰegʷʰ- (“to burn, warm”). Cognate with februum, foveō,
Ancient Greek τέφρα (téphra).


ebur

ebur n (genitive eboris); third declension

eboris (genitive)
ebur (nominative singular)
ebora (nominative plural)
eboris (genitive singular)
eborum (genitive plural)
eborī (dative singular)
eboribus (dative plural)
ebur (accusative singular)
ebora (accusative plural)
ebore (ablative singular)
eboribus (ablative plural)
ebur (singular vocative)
ebora (plural vocative)

Loan word, probably from Demotic yb (“ivory, Elephantine”), from Egyptian Ab-b-w-E26 (ꜣbw, “ivory, elephant, Elephantine”). Compare Coptic ⲓⲏⲃ (iēb, “Elephantine”); also note Sanskrit इभ (íbha) and Tigre [script needed] (ʔabot).
In any case, probably cognate with the second half of Ancient Greek ἐλέφας (eléphas, “elephant”)


amatrix

la-noun

amātrīx f (genitive amātrīcis, masculine amātor); third declension

amātrīx (canonical feminine)
amātrīcis (genitive)
amātor (masculine)
amātrīx (nominative singular)
amātrīcēs (nominative plural)
amātrīcis (genitive singular)
amātrīcum (genitive plural)
amātrīcī (dative singular)
amātrīcibus (dative plural)
amātrīcem (accusative singular)
amātrīcēs (accusative plural)
amātrīce (ablative singular)
amātrīcibus (ablative plural)
amātrīx (singular vocative)
amātrīcēs (plural vocative)

→ Middle French: amatrice

desctree

French: amatrice
→ Dutch: amatrice
→ English: amatrice


aurea mediocritas

la-noun

aurea mediocritās f (genitive aureae mediocritātis); third declension

aurea mediocritās (canonical feminine)
aureae mediocritātis (genitive)
aurea mediocritās (nominative singular)
aureae mediocritātēs (nominative plural)
aureae mediocritātis (genitive singular)
aureārum mediocritātum (genitive plural)
aureae mediocritātī (dative singular)
aureīs mediocritātibus (dative plural)
auream mediocritātem (accusative singular)
aureās mediocritātēs (accusative plural)
aureā mediocritāte (ablative singular)
aureīs mediocritātibus (ablative plural)
aurea mediocritās (singular vocative)
aureae mediocritātēs (plural vocative)


investigator

investīgātor m (genitive investīgātōris, feminine investīgātrīx); third declension

investīgātor (canonical masculine)
investīgātōris (genitive)
investīgātrīx (feminine)
investīgātor (nominative singular)
investīgātōrēs (nominative plural)
investīgātōris (genitive singular)
investīgātōrum (genitive plural)
investīgātōrī (dative singular)
investīgātōribus (dative plural)
investīgātōrem (accusative singular)
investīgātōrēs (accusative plural)
investīgātōre (ablative singular)
investīgātōribus (ablative plural)
investīgātor (singular vocative)
investīgātōrēs (plural vocative)

Catalan: investigador

French: investigateur

Galician: investigador

Italian: investigatore

Ladino: investigador

Portuguese: investigador

Romanian: investigator

Spanish: investigador

2018, Tuomo Pekkanen, Nova formicae species https://areena.yle.fi/1-4380420, Nuntii Latini 27.4.2018

A group of researchers in Borneo has found a new species of ant which defends its nest by exploding.

Grex investigatorum in Borneo novam formicae speciem invenit, quae se explodendo communitatem suam defendit.


entitas

entitās f (genitive entitātis); third declension

entitās (canonical feminine)
entitātis (genitive)
entitās (nominative singular)
entitātēs (nominative plural)
entitātis (genitive singular)
entitātum (genitive plural)
entitātī (dative singular)
entitātibus (dative plural)
entitātem (accusative singular)
entitātēs (accusative plural)
entitāte (ablative singular)
entitātibus (ablative plural)
entitās (singular vocative)
entitātēs (plural vocative)

→ Asturian: entidá

→ Catalan: entitat

→ Czech: entita

→ English: entity

→ Finnish: entiteetti

→ French: entité

→ Galician: entidade

→ German: Entität

→ Italian: entità

→ Portuguese: entidade

→ Romanian: entitate

→? Serbo-Croatian: entìtēt, ентѝте̄т

→ Spanish: entidad

[ˈɛn̪t̪ɪt̪äːs̠]

ēns (“being”, stem: ent-) + -tās; compare essentia

suffix

stem: <i class="Latn mention" lang="la">ent-</i>


parvitas

la-noun

parvitās f (genitive parvitātis); third declension

parvitās (canonical feminine)
parvitātis (genitive)
parvitās (nominative singular)
parvitātēs (nominative plural)
parvitātis (genitive singular)
parvitātum (genitive plural)
parvitātī (dative singular)
parvitātibus (dative plural)
parvitātem (accusative singular)
parvitātēs (accusative plural)
parvitāte (ablative singular)
parvitātibus (ablative plural)
parvitās (singular vocative)
parvitātēs (plural vocative)

[ˈpäru̯ɪt̪äːs̠]

From parvus (“small”) + -tās (“-ity, -ness, -ship”, nominal suffix).


Ucalegon

la-proper noun

Ūcalegōn m sg (genitive Ūcalegōnis); third declension

Ūcalegōn (canonical masculine singular)
Ūcalegōnis (genitive)
Ūcalegōn (nominative singular)
Ūcalegōnis (genitive singular)
Ūcalegōnī (dative singular)
Ūcalegōnem (accusative singular)
Ūcalegōne (ablative singular)
Ūcalegōn (singular vocative)

English: Ucalegon

French: Ucalégon

[uːˈkäɫ̪ɛɡoːn]

From Ancient Greek Οὐκαλέγων (Oukalégōn).

Iam Deiphobi dedit ampla ruinam volcano superante domus, iam proximus ardet Ucalegon; Sigea igni freta lata relucent.

The palace of Deiphobus ascends in smoky flames, and catches on his friends. Ucalegon burns next: the seas are bright.


melo

la-noun

mēlō m (genitive mēlōnis); third declension

mēlō (canonical masculine)
mēlōnis (genitive)
mēlō (nominative singular)
mēlōnēs (nominative plural)
mēlōnis (genitive singular)
mēlōnum (genitive plural)
mēlōnī (dative singular)
mēlōnibus (dative plural)
mēlōnem (accusative singular)
mēlōnēs (accusative plural)
mēlōne (ablative singular)
mēlōnibus (ablative plural)
mēlō (singular vocative)
mēlōnēs (plural vocative)

Asturian: melón

Catalan: meló

desctree

Old French: melon
→ Middle Dutch: melone
Afrikaans: meloen
Dutch: meloen
→ Middle English: mē̆loun, melon, milon
→ English: melon, mellon
→ Japanese: メロン
→ Korean: 멜론 (mellon)
→ Welsh: melon
French: melon

Norman: m'lon

Galician: melón

Italian: melone

→ German: Melone

Occitan: melon

Piedmontese: mëlon, mlon

Portuguese: melão

Romagnol: mlon, mlôn, mlōn

Sicilian: miluni

Spanish: melón

Attested since about late 4th century CE, since Palladius and author(s) of Historia Augusta. Seems to be a colloquial shortening of mēlopepō, from Ancient Greek μηλοπέπων (mēlopépōn, “melon”), probably with influence from μῆλον (mêlon, “apple”). See mālum and mālus

der

Nunc melones serendi rarius: distent inter se semina pedibus duobus, locis subactis, vel pastinatis, maxime arenis.

c. 500 CE, Palladius, Opus agriculturae 4.9.5

Now melons are to be sown more rarely: let the seeds be two feet distant, in places well wrought and pastinated, especially in sandy soils.

Some cucurbit, likely an apple-shaped melon.


interrogator

la-noun

interrogātor m (genitive interrogātōris); third declension

interrogātor (canonical masculine)
interrogātōris (genitive)
interrogātor (nominative singular)
interrogātōrēs (nominative plural)
interrogātōris (genitive singular)
interrogātōrum (genitive plural)
interrogātōrī (dative singular)
interrogātōribus (dative plural)
interrogātōrem (accusative singular)
interrogātōrēs (accusative plural)
interrogātōre (ablative singular)
interrogātōribus (ablative plural)
interrogātor (singular vocative)
interrogātōrēs (plural vocative)

→ French: interrogateur

→ Italian: interrogatore

[ɪn̪t̪ɛrːɔˈɡäːt̪ɔr]

From interrogō (“inquire, interrogate; argue”) + -tor.


creatrix

la-noun

creātrīx f (genitive creātrīcis, masculine creātor); third declension

creātrīx (canonical feminine)
creātrīcis (genitive)
creātor (masculine)
creātrīx (nominative singular)
creātrīcēs (nominative plural)
creātrīcis (genitive singular)
creātrīcum (genitive plural)
creātrīcī (dative singular)
creātrīcibus (dative plural)
creātrīcem (accusative singular)
creātrīcēs (accusative plural)
creātrīce (ablative singular)
creātrīcibus (ablative plural)
creātrīx (singular vocative)
creātrīcēs (plural vocative)

→ English: creatrix

→ French: créatrice

→ Italian: creatrice

A female who brings forth or produces; a mother.


falco

falcō m (genitive falcōnis); third declension

falcō (canonical masculine)
falcōnis (genitive)
falcō (nominative singular)
falcōnēs (nominative plural)
falcōnis (genitive singular)
falcōnum (genitive plural)
falcōnī (dative singular)
falcōnibus (dative plural)
falcōnem (accusative singular)
falcōnēs (accusative plural)
falcōne (ablative singular)
falcōnibus (ablative plural)
falcō (singular vocative)
falcōnēs (plural vocative)

Italo-Romance:

Italian: falco, falcone

Sicilian: farcu, farcuni

→ Maltese: falkun

North Italian:

Gallo-Italic:

Piedmontese: falcon, farcon

Friulian: falcuç

Romansch: falcun

Gallo-Romance:

Old French: faucon (see there for further descendants)

Occitano-Romance:

Catalan: falcó

Old Occitan: falcon
Occitan: falcon

Ibero-Romance:

Asturian: falcón

Old Galician-Portuguese: falcon, falcõ

Galician: falcón

Portuguese: falcão

Old Spanish: falcon

Spanish: halcón

Uncertain and disputed origin, but probably from Germanic given the early attestation and widespread use of the word in Germanic. Perhaps from Old High German falco, falcho, falucho (“falcon”), from Proto-West Germanic *falkō, from Proto-Germanic *falkô (“falcon", literally, "grey bird”), from Proto-Indo-European *polH-, *pelH- (“grey, bluish”) + *-(u)k-, a suffix found in the names of several types of birds (e.g. *alkǭ, *habukaz, Proto-West Germanic *kranuk, etc.).
Cognate with Old Saxon falko (“falcon”), Old English *fealca, fealcen (“falcon”), Old Norse fálki (“falcon”), Old High German falo (“pale”), Latin pullus (“dusky coloured, blackish”). More at fallow.
Alternate etymology connects falco to Latin falx (“sickle, hook”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰelk-, *dʰelg- (“a cutting tool”) due to the bird's curved beak and talons, but this derivation is usually regarded as folk-etymology.

cog

pigeon-toed person, person whose toes point in


varro

la-noun

varrō m (genitive varrōnis); third declension

varrō (canonical masculine)
varrōnis (genitive)
varrō (nominative singular)
varrōnēs (nominative plural)
varrōnis (genitive singular)
varrōnum (genitive plural)
varrōnī (dative singular)
varrōnibus (dative plural)
varrōnem (accusative singular)
varrōnēs (accusative plural)
varrōne (ablative singular)
varrōnibus (ablative plural)
varrō (singular vocative)
varrōnēs (plural vocative)

Alternative form of bārō (“dunce, lout”)


timo

tīmō m (genitive tīmōnis); third declension

tīmō (canonical masculine)
tīmōnis (genitive)
tīmō (nominative singular)
tīmōnēs (nominative plural)
tīmōnis (genitive singular)
tīmōnum (genitive plural)
tīmōnī (dative singular)
tīmōnibus (dative plural)
tīmōnem (accusative singular)
tīmōnēs (accusative plural)
tīmōne (ablative singular)
tīmōnibus (ablative plural)
tīmō (singular vocative)
tīmōnēs (plural vocative)

Walther von Wartburg
w:Walther von Wartburg

Alternative form of tēmō (attested in Epiphanius and Gregory of Tours)


silvestris

la-adj

silvestris (neuter silvestre); third-declension two-termination adjective

silvestre (neuter)
silvestris (feminine masculine nominative singular)
silvestre (neuter nominative singular)
silvestrēs (feminine masculine nominative plural)
silvestria (neuter nominative plural)
silvestris (feminine genitive masculine neuter singular)
silvestrium (feminine genitive masculine neuter plural)
silvestrī (dative feminine masculine neuter singular)
silvestribus (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
silvestrem (accusative feminine masculine singular)
silvestre (accusative neuter singular)
silvestrēs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
silvestrīs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
silvestria (accusative neuter plural)
silvestrī (ablative feminine masculine neuter singular)
silvestribus (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
silvestris (feminine masculine singular vocative)
silvestre (neuter singular vocative)
silvestrēs (feminine masculine plural vocative)
silvestria (neuter plural vocative)

France:

Franco-Provençal: [ʃaˈviθro]

Occitan: sauvestre (Niçard)

Old French: sevestre, sovestre

Middle French: sevest (hapax)

desc

⇒ Norman: chevrestre (crossed with chevre 'goat'?)

Italy:

⇒ Italian: salvastrella (“burnet plant”)

Piedmontese: svestru (“water salamander”)

Sardinian: silivestru (“mistletoe”)

Borrowings:

→ Catalan: silvestre

→ Galician: silvestre

→ Italian: silvestre

→ Portuguese: silvestre

→ Spanish: silvestre

[s̠ɪɫ̪ˈu̯ɛs̠t̪rɪs̠]


Juno

la-proper noun

Jūnō f sg (genitive Jūnōnis); third declension

Jūnō (canonical feminine singular)
Jūnōnis (genitive)
Jūnō (nominative singular)
Jūnōnis (genitive singular)
Jūnōnī (dative singular)
Jūnōnem (accusative singular)
Jūnōne (ablative singular)
Jūnō (singular vocative)

(Roman mythology) alternative typography of Iūnō: Juno (goddess or asteroid)


papaver

la-noun

papāver n (genitive papāveris); third declension

papāver (canonical neuter)
papāveris (genitive)
papāver (nominative singular)
papāvera (nominative plural)
papāveris (genitive singular)
papāverum (genitive plural)
papāverī (dative singular)
papāveribus (dative plural)
papāver (accusative singular)
papāvera (accusative plural)
papāvere (ablative singular)
papāveribus (ablative plural)
papāver (singular vocative)
papāvera (plural vocative)

desctree

→ Arabic: حَبَّبَوْر (ḥabbabawr)
→ Aragonese: ababol, babol, farabol
→ Catalan: ababol, babol
→ Galician: papoula, mapoula, mapola, marapola
→ Portuguese: papoula, papoila
→ Spanish: ababol, babahol, amapola, mapola, papola, ababa

French: pavot

Italian: papavero

Sicilian: papàviru

Translingual: Papaver

[päˈpäːu̯ɛr]

Unknown.
Manaster Ramer sees here a reduplication of Proto-Indo-European *péh₂wr̥ (“fire”).
Some have tried to link it to pāscō (“to feed”), or to an imitative root *pap (“to swell”).

onomatopoeic

imitative

Summa papaverum capita dicitur baculo decussisse.

27 BCE – 25 BCE, Titus Livius, Ab Urbe Condita 1.54

It is said that he struck off the heads of the tallest poppies with a stick.

, Tertullian, de Praescriptione Haereticorum, 35

From the seed of the most delicious and grateful fig branches out the useless and deceptive wild fig.

De papavere ficus gratissimae et suavissimae ventosa et vana caprificus exsurgit


gigas

la-noun

gigās m (genitive gigantis); third declension

gigās (canonical masculine)
gigantis (genitive)
gigās (nominative singular)
gigantes (nominative plural)
gigantēs (nominative plural)
gigantis (genitive singular)
gigantum (genitive plural)
gigantī (dative singular)
gigantibus (dative plural)
giganta (accusative singular)
gigantem (accusative singular)
gigantas (accusative plural)
gigantēs (accusative plural)
gigante (ablative singular)
gigantibus (ablative plural)
gigās (singular vocative)
gigantes (plural vocative)
gigantēs (plural vocative)

Catalan: gegant

Old French: geant, gaiant

French: Géant; géant

English: giant

Friulian: gigant

German: Gigant

Italian: gigante (plural giganti)

Occitan: gigant

Portuguese: gigante

Romanian: gigant

Sicilian: gilanti (obsolete), giganti

Spanish: gigante

From Ancient Greek Γίγας (Gígas, “giant”).


ruralis

la-adj

rūrālis (neuter rūrāle); third-declension two-termination adjective

rūrālis (canonical)
rūrāle (neuter)
rūrālis (feminine masculine nominative singular)
rūrāle (neuter nominative singular)
rūrālēs (feminine masculine nominative plural)
rūrālia (neuter nominative plural)
rūrālis (feminine genitive masculine neuter singular)
rūrālium (feminine genitive masculine neuter plural)
rūrālī (dative feminine masculine neuter singular)
rūrālibus (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
rūrālem (accusative feminine masculine singular)
rūrāle (accusative neuter singular)
rūrālēs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
rūrālīs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
rūrālia (accusative neuter plural)
rūrālī (ablative feminine masculine neuter singular)
rūrālibus (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
rūrālis (feminine masculine singular vocative)
rūrāle (neuter singular vocative)
rūrālēs (feminine masculine plural vocative)
rūrālia (neuter plural vocative)

→ Catalan: rural

→ Corsican: rurale

→ Friulian: rurâl

→ Galician: rural

→ German: rural

→ Italian: rurale

→ Norwegian Bokmål: rural

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: rural

→ Old French: rural

French: rural

→ English: rural

→ Piedmontese: rural

→ Portuguese: rural

→ Romanian: rural

→ Spanish: rural

[ruːˈräːlʲɪs̠]

From rūs, rūris (“countryside”) + -ālis.

Of or pertaining to the countryside, rural, rustic.


silex

la-noun

silex m or f (genitive silicis); third declension

silicis (genitive)
silex (nominative singular)
silicēs (nominative plural)
silicis (genitive singular)
silicum (genitive plural)
silicī (dative singular)
silicibus (dative plural)
silicem (accusative singular)
silicēs (accusative plural)
silice (ablative singular)
silicibus (ablative plural)
silex (singular vocative)
silicēs (plural vocative)

Catalan: sílex

English: silex

French: silex

Italian: selce, silice

Portuguese: sílex, sílice

Romanian: silex

Sicilian: sìlici

Spanish: sílex, sílice

[ˈs̠ɪɫ̪ɛks̠]

Uncertain. Sometimes compared to silīgō and siliqua, both of unclear origin as well. De Vaan suggests that these are derivatives of silex, which have undergone a semantic shift “pebble” > “small pod”.


symphysis

symphysis f (genitive symphysis or symphyseōs or symphysios); third declension

symphysis (genitive)
symphyseōs (genitive)
symphysios (genitive)
symphysis (nominative singular)
symphysēs (nominative plural)
symphyseis (nominative plural)
symphysis (genitive singular)
symphyseōs (genitive singular)
symphysios (genitive singular)
symphysium (genitive plural)
symphysī (dative singular)
symphysibus (dative plural)
symphysim (accusative singular)
symphysin (accusative singular)
symphysem (accusative singular)
symphysēs (accusative plural)
symphysīs (accusative plural)
symphysī (ablative singular)
symphyse (ablative singular)
symphysibus (ablative plural)
symphysis (singular vocative)
symphysi (singular vocative)
symphysēs (plural vocative)
symphyseis (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek σύμφῠσῐς (súmphusis, “growing together, natural junction”), from σῠμφύω (sumphúō, “to make to grow together, to unite”) + -σῐς (-sis, nominal suffix).


aedes

la-noun

aedēs f (genitive aedis); third declension

aedēs (canonical feminine)
aedis (genitive)
aedēs (nominative singular)
aedēs (nominative plural)
aedis (genitive singular)
aedium (genitive plural)
aedī (dative singular)
aedibus (dative plural)
aedem (accusative singular)
aedēs (accusative plural)
aedīs (accusative plural)
aede (ablative singular)
aedibus (ablative plural)
aedēs (singular vocative)
aedēs (plural vocative)

[ˈäe̯d̪eːs̠]

Alternative form of aedis: temple, shrine, tomb, room, sing.:dwelling (of gods), pl.:house, abode (for people)


rus

rūs n (genitive rūris); third declension

rūs (canonical neuter)
rūris (genitive)
rūs (nominative singular)
rūra (nominative plural)
rūris (genitive singular)
rūrum (genitive plural)
rūrī (dative singular)
rūribus (dative plural)
rūs (accusative singular)
rūra (accusative plural)
rūre (ablative singular)
rūribus (ablative plural)
rūs (singular vocative)
rūra (plural vocative)
rūrī (locative singular)
rūre (locative singular)
rūribus (locative plural)

Derived from Proto-Italic *rowos, from Proto-Indo-European *rewh₁os (“open space, field”), from *rewh₁- (“to open, wide”). Cognate with Old Irish róe (“flat field”) and Avestan 𐬭𐬀𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬵- (rauuah-, “open space”), English room.

der

‘sarculā nunc dūrusque bidēns et vōmer aduncus, rūris opēs, niteant’
‘‘Now the hoes and hard mattocks and the curved plowshare – wealth of the countryside – may they gleam.’’
(A prayer spoken by the Flamen Quirinalis during the Robigalia to propitiate the deity Robigo or Robigus and prevent agricultural diseases.)


Proteus

la-proper noun

Prōteus m sg (variously declined, genitive Prōteos or Prōteī); third declension, second declension

Prōteus (canonical masculine singular)
Prōteos (genitive)
Prōteī (genitive)
Prōte͡us (nominative singular)
Prōteos (genitive singular)
Prōteī (genitive singular)
Prōteō (dative singular)
Prōtea (accusative singular)
Prōteum (accusative singular)
Prōteō (ablative singular)
Prōte͡u (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Πρωτεύς (Prōteús).

bor+

Proteus (a sea god in the service of Poseidon)


auditor

la-noun

audītor m (genitive audītōris); third declension

audītor (canonical masculine)
audītōris (genitive)
audītor (nominative singular)
audītōrēs (nominative plural)
audītōris (genitive singular)
audītōrum (genitive plural)
audītōrī (dative singular)
audītōribus (dative plural)
audītōrem (accusative singular)
audītōrēs (accusative plural)
audītōre (ablative singular)
audītōribus (ablative plural)
audītor (singular vocative)
audītōrēs (plural vocative)

Inherited:

Catalan: oïdor

Italian: uditore

Occitan: ausidor

Portuguese: ouvidor

Romanian: auzitor

Spanish: oidor

Borrowed:

→ Catalan: auditor

→ English: auditor

→ Middle French: auditeur

French: auditeur

Norman: auditeu (Jersey)

→ Portuguese: auditor

→ Romanian: auditor

→ Russian: ауди́тор (audítor)

→ Spanish: auditor

[äu̯ˈd̪iːt̪ɔr]

a pupil, disciple; a person who listens to teachings

(by metonymy) a reader of a book (books were read aloud)


opera publica

opera pūblica n pl (genitive operum pūblicōrum); third declension

opera pūblica (canonical neuter plural)
operum pūblicōrum (genitive)
opera pūblica (nominative plural)
operum pūblicōrum (genitive plural)
operibus pūblicīs (dative plural)
opera pūblica (accusative plural)
operibus pūblicīs (ablative plural)
opera pūblica (plural vocative)


realgar

realgar n (genitive realgāris); third declension

realgāris (genitive)
realgar (nominative singular)
realgāria (nominative plural)
realgāris (genitive singular)
realgārium (genitive plural)
realgārī (dative singular)
realgāribus (dative plural)
realgar (accusative singular)
realgāria (accusative plural)
realgārī (ablative singular)
realgāribus (ablative plural)
realgar (singular vocative)
realgāria (plural vocative)

From Arabic رَهْج اَلْغَار (rahj al-ḡār, literally “cave dust”).

der

رَهْج اَلْغَار


mendax

la-adj

mendāx (genitive mendācis, comparative mendācior, superlative mendācissimus, adverb mendāciter); third-declension one-termination adjective

mendāx (canonical)
mendācis (genitive)
mendācior (comparative)
mendācissimus (superlative)
mendāciter (adverb)
mendāx (feminine masculine neuter nominative singular)
mendācēs (feminine masculine nominative plural)
mendācia (neuter nominative plural)
mendācis (feminine genitive masculine neuter singular)
mendācium (feminine genitive masculine neuter plural)
mendācī (dative feminine masculine neuter singular)
mendācibus (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
mendācem (accusative feminine masculine singular)
mendāx (accusative neuter singular)
mendācēs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
mendācia (accusative neuter plural)
mendācī (ablative feminine masculine neuter singular)
mendācibus (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
mendāx (feminine masculine neuter singular vocative)
mendācēs (feminine masculine plural vocative)
mendācia (neuter plural vocative)

English: mendacious

Italian: mendace

Portuguese: mendace, mendaz

Spanish: mendaz

[ˈmɛn̪d̪äːks̠]

Derived from Proto-Indo-European *mend- (“to fault”), whence also mendum and menda, plus -āx. Original meaning was "faulty" and was shifted towards "deceitful" under the influence of mentior (“I lie”).

deceitful, lying, deceptive, untruthful, false, mendacious, feigned, not real.


mendax

la-noun

mendāx m (genitive mendācis); third declension

mendāx (canonical masculine)
mendācis (genitive)
mendāx (nominative singular)
mendācēs (nominative plural)
mendācis (genitive singular)
mendācum (genitive plural)
mendācī (dative singular)
mendācibus (dative plural)
mendācem (accusative singular)
mendācēs (accusative plural)
mendāce (ablative singular)
mendācibus (ablative plural)
mendāx (singular vocative)
mendācēs (plural vocative)

[ˈmɛn̪d̪äːks̠]


ianitor

iānitor m (genitive iānitōris); third declension

iānitor (canonical masculine)
iānitōris (genitive)
iānitor (nominative singular)
iānitōrēs (nominative plural)
iānitōris (genitive singular)
iānitōrum (genitive plural)
iānitōrī (dative singular)
iānitōribus (dative plural)
iānitōrem (accusative singular)
iānitōrēs (accusative plural)
iānitōre (ablative singular)
iānitōribus (ablative plural)
iānitor (singular vocative)
iānitōrēs (plural vocative)

→ English: janitor

[ˈi̯äːnɪt̪ɔr]

From iānua (“front door, entrance”) + -tor, from iānus (“arcade; covered passageway”).


latro

latrō m (genitive latrōnis); third declension

latrō (canonical masculine)
latrōnis (genitive)
latrō (nominative singular)
latrōnēs (nominative plural)
latrōnis (genitive singular)
latrōnum (genitive plural)
latrōnī (dative singular)
latrōnibus (dative plural)
latrōnem (accusative singular)
latrōnēs (accusative plural)
latrōne (ablative singular)
latrōnibus (ablative plural)
latrō (singular vocative)
latrōnēs (plural vocative)

Dalmatian:

ladr

Italo-Romance:

Corsican: ladru, latru

Italian: ladro

Sicilian: latru

Neapolitan: latro

Padanian:

Emilian: lèder

Friulian: lari

Istriot: laro

Ladin: lère

Lombard: làdar, lader

Alpine: ladru (Leventina), lädar (Val Bregaglia)

Old Ligurian: lairo

Piedmontese: làder, lar

Romansch: lader, leder

Venetian: ladro, laro

Northern Gallo-Romance:

Franco-Provençal: lârro

Old French: lerre

Southern Gallo-Romance:

Old Catalan: ladre

Catalan: lladre

Occitan: laire

Ibero-Romance:

Galician: ladro

Portuguese: ladro (archaic)

Ancient borrowings:

→? Proto-Celtic: *latrū

Old Irish:

Middle Irish: latrann

Irish: ladrann

Proto-Brythonic: *llėdr

Breton: laer

Middle Cornish: lader

Middle Welsh: lleityr

Welsh: lleidr

Italo-Romance:

Italian: ladrone

Padanian:

Friulian: ladron

Piedmontese: ladron

Venetian: ladron

Northern Gallo-Romance:

desc

Old French: larron, lasrun, larrun, ladron, ladrun

French: larron (dated)

→ Old Italian: larrone

→ Sicilian: larruni (Chiaramonte)

Walloon: lâron

Southern Gallo-Romance:

Old Catalan: ladró

Catalan: lladró

Old Occitan: lairon

Occitan: lairon

→ Old Catalan: lairó

Ibero-Romance:

Asturian: lladrón

Mirandese: lhadron

desctree

Old Galician-Portuguese: ladron
Fala: lairon (probably influenced by Extremaduran)
Galician: ladrón
Portuguese: ladrão (see there for further descendants)

Old Spanish: ladron

Ladino: ladrón

Spanish: ladrón (see there for further descendants)

Insular Romance:

Sardinian: latruni, larruni

Learned borrowings:

→ English: latron

→ Romanian: latrone

Disputed. Often hypothesized as from Proto-Indo-European *leh₂t- (“to grant; to possess”) or *leh₁-t- (“to let, grant, provide”), when compared with Ancient Greek λάτρις (látris, “hired servant”) and Proto-Germanic *lēþą (“ownership, possession”). However, Beekes rejects an Indo-European etymology on phonetic grounds and instead posits Pre-Greek origin for the Greek; he believes Latin latrō is rather borrowed from unattested Ancient Greek *λάτρων (*látrōn).

cog

(plural only, Classical Latin, Late Latin) the game of latrunculi (somewhat similar to chess)


celeritas

la-noun

celeritās f (genitive celeritātis); third declension

celeritās (canonical feminine)
celeritātis (genitive)
celeritās (nominative singular)
celeritātēs (nominative plural)
celeritātis (genitive singular)
celeritātum (genitive plural)
celeritātī (dative singular)
celeritātibus (dative plural)
celeritātem (accusative singular)
celeritātēs (accusative plural)
celeritāte (ablative singular)
celeritātibus (ablative plural)
celeritās (singular vocative)
celeritātēs (plural vocative)

Catalan: celeritat

English: celerity

French: célérité

Italian: celerità

Portuguese: celeridade

Romanian: celeritate

Spanish: celeridad

[kɛˈɫ̪ɛrɪt̪äːs̠]

quickness, speed, swiftness, haste, celerity


gramma

gramma n (genitive grammatis); third declension

grammatis (genitive)
gramma (nominative singular)
grammata (nominative plural)
grammatis (genitive singular)
grammatum (genitive plural)
grammatī (dative singular)
grammatibus (dative plural)
gramma (accusative singular)
grammata (accusative plural)
grammate (ablative singular)
grammatibus (ablative plural)
gramma (singular vocative)
grammata (plural vocative)


fissio

fissiō f (genitive fissiōnis); third declension

fissiō (canonical feminine)
fissiōnis (genitive)
fissiō (nominative singular)
fissiōnēs (nominative plural)
fissiōnis (genitive singular)
fissiōnum (genitive plural)
fissiōnī (dative singular)
fissiōnibus (dative plural)
fissiōnem (accusative singular)
fissiōnēs (accusative plural)
fissiōne (ablative singular)
fissiōnibus (ablative plural)
fissiō (singular vocative)
fissiōnēs (plural vocative)

→ English: fission

→ Finnish: fissio

→ French: fission

→ Italian: fissione

→ Portuguese: fissão

→ Sicilian: fissiuni

→ Spanish: fisión


rebellio

rebelliō f (genitive rebelliōnis); third declension

rebelliō (canonical feminine)
rebelliōnis (genitive)
rebelliō (nominative singular)
rebelliōnēs (nominative plural)
rebelliōnis (genitive singular)
rebelliōnum (genitive plural)
rebelliōnī (dative singular)
rebelliōnibus (dative plural)
rebelliōnem (accusative singular)
rebelliōnēs (accusative plural)
rebelliōne (ablative singular)
rebelliōnibus (ablative plural)
rebelliō (singular vocative)
rebelliōnēs (plural vocative)

From rebellō (“I renew war”) + -iō, from re- (“again”) + bellō (“I wage war”).

A renewal of war; rebellion, insurgency, revolt.


rebellis

la-adj

rebellis (neuter rebelle); third-declension two-termination adjective

rebelle (neuter)
rebellis (feminine masculine nominative singular)
rebelle (neuter nominative singular)
rebellēs (feminine masculine nominative plural)
rebellia (neuter nominative plural)
rebellis (feminine genitive masculine neuter singular)
rebellium (feminine genitive masculine neuter plural)
rebellī (dative feminine masculine neuter singular)
rebellibus (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
rebellem (accusative feminine masculine singular)
rebelle (accusative neuter singular)
rebellēs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
rebellīs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
rebellia (accusative neuter plural)
rebellī (ablative feminine masculine neuter singular)
rebellibus (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
rebellis (feminine masculine singular vocative)
rebelle (neuter singular vocative)
rebellēs (feminine masculine plural vocative)
rebellia (neuter plural vocative)

Catalan: revell, → rebel

desctree

Old French: rebelle
→ Middle English: rebel, rabell, rebell, rebelle, reble, rebul, rebyll
English: rebel
Scots: rebel
French: rebelle

Italian: ribelle

Norman: r'bêle

Portuguese: revel, rebel, rebelde

Spanish: rebelde

→ Old Welsh: ryuel

Welsh: rhyfel

[rɛˈbɛlːʲɪs̠]

From rebellō (“I renew war”) + -is (although this usually forms adjectives from nouns, not from verbs), from re- (“again”) + bellō (“I wage war”).

That makes war anew, waging war again; insurgent, rebellious.


rebellis

la-noun

rebellis m (genitive rebellis, feminine rebellātrīx); third declension

rebellis (genitive)
rebellātrīx (feminine)
rebellis (nominative singular)
rebellēs (nominative plural)
rebellis (genitive singular)
rebellium (genitive plural)
rebellī (dative singular)
rebellibus (dative plural)
rebellem (accusative singular)
rebellēs (accusative plural)
rebellīs (accusative plural)
rebelle (ablative singular)
rebellibus (ablative plural)
rebellis (singular vocative)
rebellēs (plural vocative)

[rɛˈbɛlːʲɪs̠]


molle

molle n (genitive mollis); third declension

mollis (genitive)
molle (nominative singular)
mollia (nominative plural)
mollis (genitive singular)
mollium (genitive plural)
mollī (dative singular)
mollibus (dative plural)
molle (accusative singular)
mollia (accusative plural)
mollī (ablative singular)
mollibus (ablative plural)
molle (singular vocative)
mollia (plural vocative)


mirabilis

la-adj

mīrābilis (neuter mīrābile, adverb mīrābiliter); third-declension two-termination adjective

mīrābilis (canonical)
mīrābile (neuter)
mīrābiliter (adverb)
mīrābilis (feminine masculine nominative singular)
mīrābile (neuter nominative singular)
mīrābilēs (feminine masculine nominative plural)
mīrābilia (neuter nominative plural)
mīrābilis (feminine genitive masculine neuter singular)
mīrābilium (feminine genitive masculine neuter plural)
mīrābilī (dative feminine masculine neuter singular)
mīrābilibus (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
mīrābilem (accusative feminine masculine singular)
mīrābile (accusative neuter singular)
mīrābilēs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
mīrābilīs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
mīrābilia (accusative neuter plural)
mīrābilī (ablative feminine masculine neuter singular)
mīrābilibus (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
mīrābilis (feminine masculine singular vocative)
mīrābile (neuter singular vocative)
mīrābilēs (feminine masculine plural vocative)
mīrābilia (neuter plural vocative)

Asturian: maraviya

Bourguignon: marvoille

Catalan: meravella

English: marvel, mirable

French: merveille

Galician: marabilla

Italian: meraviglia, mirabile

Lombard: maravija, maravillia

Norman: mervêle

Portuguese: maravilha

Romanian: mirabil

Spanish: maravilla

Translingual: Mirabilis

Walloon: marvoye

[miːˈräːbɪlʲɪs̠]

From mīror (“to marvel at”) + -bilis (“-able”), from mīrus (“wonderful”).

af

wonderful, marvellous, astonishing, extraordinary, remarkable, amazing


nex

la-noun

nex f (genitive necis); third declension

necis (genitive)
nex (nominative singular)
necēs (nominative plural)
necis (genitive singular)
necum (genitive plural)
necī (dative singular)
necibus (dative plural)
necem (accusative singular)
necēs (accusative plural)
nece (ablative singular)
necibus (ablative plural)
nex (singular vocative)
necēs (plural vocative)

Sardinian: neche, neghe

From Proto-Italic *neks, from Proto-Indo-European *neḱ- (“perish, disappear”). Cognate with Welsh angau (“death”), Breton ankou, Old Irish éc, Ancient Greek νέκυς (nékus, “corpse”), Old Persian 𐎻𐎴𐎰𐎹𐎫𐎹 (vi-n-θ-y-t-y /vi-nathayatiy/, “he injures”), Avestan 𐬥𐬀𐬯𐬌𐬌𐬈𐬌𐬙𐬌 (nasiieⁱti, “disappears”), 𐬥𐬀𐬯𐬎- (nasu-, “corpse”), Sanskrit नश्यति (naśyati, “disappear, perish”).

cog

murder, slaughter, killing, violent death (as opposed to mors)


papauer

la-noun

papāuer n (genitive papāueris); third declension

papāuer (canonical neuter)
papāueris (genitive)
papāuer (nominative singular)
papāuera (nominative plural)
papāueris (genitive singular)
papāuerum (genitive plural)
papāuerī (dative singular)
papāueribus (dative plural)
papāuer (accusative singular)
papāuera (accusative plural)
papāuere (ablative singular)
papāueribus (ablative plural)
papāuer (singular vocative)
papāuera (plural vocative)


Felix

la-proper noun

Fēlīx m sg (genitive Fēlīcis); third declension

Fēlīx (canonical masculine singular)
Fēlīcis (genitive)
Fēlīx (nominative singular)
Fēlīcis (genitive singular)
Fēlīcī (dative singular)
Fēlīcem (accusative singular)
Fēlīce (ablative singular)
Fēlīx (singular vocative)

A cognomen, particularly of later Roman emperors.

A masculine given name, particularly of alleged early Christian saints.


salax

la-adj

salāx (genitive salācis); third-declension one-termination adjective

salāx (canonical)
salācis (genitive)
salāx (feminine masculine neuter nominative singular)
salācēs (feminine masculine nominative plural)
salācia (neuter nominative plural)
salācis (feminine genitive masculine neuter singular)
salācium (feminine genitive masculine neuter plural)
salācī (dative feminine masculine neuter singular)
salācibus (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
salācem (accusative feminine masculine singular)
salāx (accusative neuter singular)
salācēs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
salācia (accusative neuter plural)
salācī (ablative feminine masculine neuter singular)
salācibus (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
salāx (feminine masculine neuter singular vocative)
salācēs (feminine masculine plural vocative)
salācia (neuter plural vocative)

→⇒ English: salacious

→ French: salace

→ Italian: salace

→ Portuguese: salaz

→ Spanish: salaz

[ˈs̠äɫ̪äːks̠]

From saliō (“I leap, jump”) + -āx (“inclined to”).

suffix

(especially of male animals) prone to leaping

‘sitque salāx ariēs, conceptaque sēmina coniūnx

‘‘And may the ram be lustful, and may his mate return the seeds having been received,
and in my stable may there be many a lamb.’’
(A shepherd’s prayer to Pales.)

reddat, et in stabulō multa sit agna meō.’

salacious, lustful, lecherous, lascivious


stridor

la-noun

strīdor m (genitive strīdōris); third declension

strīdor (canonical masculine)
strīdōris (genitive)
strīdor (nominative singular)
strīdōrēs (nominative plural)
strīdōris (genitive singular)
strīdōrum (genitive plural)
strīdōrī (dative singular)
strīdōribus (dative plural)
strīdōrem (accusative singular)
strīdōrēs (accusative plural)
strīdōre (ablative singular)
strīdōribus (ablative plural)
strīdor (singular vocative)
strīdōrēs (plural vocative)

Catalan: estridor

→ English: stridor

Italian: stridore

Portuguese: estridor

Romanian: stridor

Spanish: estridor

From strīdō (“I make a shrill sound, shriek”) + -or.

af

A harsh, shrill, hissing, grating, or creaking sound


pedes

la-noun

pedes m (genitive peditis); third declension

peditis (genitive)
pedes (nominative singular)
peditēs (nominative plural)
peditis (genitive singular)
peditum (genitive plural)
peditī (dative singular)
peditibus (dative plural)
peditem (accusative singular)
peditēs (accusative plural)
pedite (ablative singular)
peditibus (ablative plural)
pedes (singular vocative)
peditēs (plural vocative)

From pēs (“foot”) + -es (“-faring”), from eō (“I fare, go”). Compare āles, eques, caeles.


pedes

la-adj

pedes (genitive peditis); third-declension one-termination adjective


canile

la-noun

canīle n (genitive canīlis); third declension

canīle (canonical neuter)
canīlis (genitive)
canīle (nominative singular)
canīlia (nominative plural)
canīlis (genitive singular)
canīlium (genitive plural)
canīlī (dative singular)
canīlibus (dative plural)
canīle (accusative singular)
canīlia (accusative plural)
canīlī (ablative singular)
canīlibus (ablative plural)
canīle (singular vocative)
canīlia (plural vocative)

From canis + -īle. Compare Vulgar Latin *canīle.


fornicator

fornicātor m (genitive fornicātōris, feminine fornicātrīx); third declension

fornicātor (canonical masculine)
fornicātōris (genitive)
fornicātrīx (feminine)
fornicātor (nominative singular)
fornicātōrēs (nominative plural)
fornicātōris (genitive singular)
fornicātōrum (genitive plural)
fornicātōrī (dative singular)
fornicātōribus (dative plural)
fornicātōrem (accusative singular)
fornicātōrēs (accusative plural)
fornicātōre (ablative singular)
fornicātōribus (ablative plural)
fornicātor (singular vocative)
fornicātōrēs (plural vocative)

French: fornicateur

Italian: fornicatore

Spanish: fornicador


-ile

-īle (canonical neuter)
-īlis (genitive)

Italian: -ile

Neuter of -īlis, originally specifying the purpose of a stabulum (“stall”).

sūs (“pig”) + -ile → suīle (“pigsty”)

fēnum (“hay”) + -ile → fēnīle (“hayloft”)

Forming names of enclosures for animals; more generally, forming names of places where certain goods are stored.


sopor

sopor m (genitive sopōris); third declension

sopōris (genitive)
sopor (nominative singular)
sopōrēs (nominative plural)
sopōris (genitive singular)
sopōrum (genitive plural)
sopōrī (dative singular)
sopōribus (dative plural)
sopōrem (accusative singular)
sopōrēs (accusative plural)
sopōre (ablative singular)
sopōribus (ablative plural)
sopor (singular vocative)
sopōrēs (plural vocative)

→ Catalan: sopor (learned)

→ English: sopor (learned)

→ German: Sopor (learned)

→ Italian: sopore (learned)

→ Portuguese: sopor (learned)

→ Spanish: sopor (learned)

Inherited from Proto-Italic *swepōs, from Proto-Indo-European *swep-.

A deep sleep, sopor; sleep (in general); catalepsy.

(figuratively) Stupefaction; lethargy, stupor; drowsiness

(figuratively) A sleeping potion or draught; opiate.

(figuratively) The temple (of the head).


grips

grīps m (genitive grīpis); third declension

grīps (canonical masculine)
grīpis (genitive)
grīps (nominative singular)
grīpēs (nominative plural)
grīpes (nominative plural)
grīphēs (nominative plural)
grīphes (nominative plural)
grīpis (genitive singular)
grīphis (genitive singular)
grīpium (genitive plural)
grīphium (genitive plural)
grīpī (dative singular)
grīphī (dative singular)
grīpibus (dative plural)
grīphibus (dative plural)
grīpem (accusative singular)
grīphem (accusative singular)
grīpēs (accusative plural)
grīpīs (accusative plural)
grīpas (accusative plural)
grīphēs (accusative plural)
grīphīs (accusative plural)
grīphas (accusative plural)
grīpe (ablative singular)
grīphe (ablative singular)
grīpibus (ablative plural)
grīphibus (ablative plural)
grīps (singular vocative)
grīpēs (plural vocative)
grīpes (plural vocative)
grīphēs (plural vocative)
grīphes (plural vocative)


sextilis

la-adj

sextīlis (neuter sextīle); third-declension two-termination adjective

sextīlis (canonical)
sextīle (neuter)
sextīlis (feminine masculine nominative singular)
sextīle (neuter nominative singular)
sextīlēs (feminine masculine nominative plural)
sextīlia (neuter nominative plural)
sextīlis (feminine genitive masculine neuter singular)
sextīlium (feminine genitive masculine neuter plural)
sextīlī (dative feminine masculine neuter singular)
sextīlibus (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
sextīlem (accusative feminine masculine singular)
sextīle (accusative neuter singular)
sextīlēs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
sextīlīs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
sextīlia (accusative neuter plural)
sextīlī (ablative feminine masculine neuter singular)
sextīlibus (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
sextīlis (feminine masculine singular vocative)
sextīle (neuter singular vocative)
sextīlēs (feminine masculine plural vocative)
sextīlia (neuter plural vocative)

→ Catalan: sextil

→ English: sextile

[s̠ɛkˈs̠t̪iːlʲɪs̠]

From sextus (“sixth”) + -īlis (“-ile”, suffix forming adjectives & nouns); presumably derived from its original place in the Roman calendar, though it became the 8th month after the new year began to be calculated from January.

af

Of August, the sixth month of the Roman calendar or eighth month of the Gregorian calendar.


Quintilis

la-proper noun

Quīntīlis m sg (genitive Quīntīlis); third declension

Quīntīlis (canonical masculine singular)
Quīntīlis (genitive)
Quīntīlis (nominative singular)
Quīntīlēs (nominative plural)
Quīntīlis (genitive singular)
Quīntīlium (genitive plural)
Quīntīlī (dative singular)
Quīntīlibus (dative plural)
Quīntīlem (accusative singular)
Quīntīlēs (accusative plural)
Quīntīlīs (accusative plural)
Quīntīle (ablative singular)
Quīntīlibus (ablative plural)
Quīntīlis (singular vocative)
Quīntīlēs (plural vocative)

[kʷiːn̪ˈt̪iːlʲɪs̠]

As a noun, ellipsis of Quīntīlis mēnsis m (“fifth month”), from quīntus (“fifth”) + -īlis, due to its position in the Roman calendar prior to the establishment of Iānuārius (“January”) as the first month.

ellipsis

nōnae Quīntīlēs

īdibus Quīntīlibus

(historical) Quintilis: the Roman month following June; renamed July in 44 BC.


Quintilis

la-adj

Quīntīlis (neuter Quīntīle); third-declension two-termination adjective

Quīntīlis (canonical)
Quīntīle (neuter)
Quīntīlis (feminine masculine nominative singular)
Quīntīle (neuter nominative singular)
Quīntīlēs (feminine masculine nominative plural)
Quīntīlia (neuter nominative plural)
Quīntīlis (feminine genitive masculine neuter singular)
Quīntīlium (feminine genitive masculine neuter plural)
Quīntīlī (dative feminine masculine neuter singular)
Quīntīlibus (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
Quīntīlem (accusative feminine masculine singular)
Quīntīle (accusative neuter singular)
Quīntīlēs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
Quīntīlīs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
Quīntīlia (accusative neuter plural)
Quīntīlī (ablative feminine masculine neuter singular)
Quīntīlibus (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
Quīntīlis (feminine masculine singular vocative)
Quīntīle (neuter singular vocative)
Quīntīlēs (feminine masculine plural vocative)
Quīntīlia (neuter plural vocative)

→ English: Quintilis (learned)

[kʷiːn̪ˈt̪iːlʲɪs̠]


calo

la-noun

cālō m (genitive cālōnis); third declension

cālō (canonical masculine)
cālōnis (genitive)
cālō (nominative singular)
cālōnēs (nominative plural)
cālōnis (genitive singular)
cālōnum (genitive plural)
cālōnī (dative singular)
cālōnibus (dative plural)
cālōnem (accusative singular)
cālōnēs (accusative plural)
cālōne (ablative singular)
cālōnibus (ablative plural)
cālō (singular vocative)
cālōnēs (plural vocative)

Unknown. One possibility is a substrate.


decus

decus n (genitive decoris); third declension

decoris (genitive)
decus (nominative singular)
decora (nominative plural)
decoris (genitive singular)
decorum (genitive plural)
decorī (dative singular)
decoribus (dative plural)
decus (accusative singular)
decora (accusative plural)
decore (ablative singular)
decoribus (ablative plural)
decus (singular vocative)
decora (plural vocative)

From Proto-Italic *dekos (“dignity”), from Proto-Indo-European *déḱos (“that which is proper”), from *deḱ- (“take, perceive”). Compare with decor.

inh

Obsessos hinc fides, inde egestas inter decus ac flagitium distrahebant.

The ties of loyalty on the one hand, and the necessities of famine on the other, kept the besieged wavering between the alternatives of glory and infamy.

(in the plural) deeds of honor, honorable achievements


Memphis

la-proper noun

Memphis f sg (genitive Memphidos or Memphis); third declension

Memphidos (genitive)
Memphis (genitive)
Memphis (nominative singular)
Memphidos (genitive singular)
Memphis (genitive singular)
Memphidī (dative singular)
Memphī (dative singular)
Memphida (accusative singular)
Memphim (accusative singular)
Memphin (accusative singular)
Memphide (ablative singular)
Memphe (ablative singular)
Memphis (singular vocative)
Memphi (singular vocative)
Memphidī (locative singular)
Memphide (locative singular)
Memphī (locative singular)
Memphe (locative singular)

From Ancient Greek Μέμφις (Mémphis), from Egyptian mn-nfr.


casto

la-noun

castō m (genitive castōnis); third declension

castō (canonical masculine)
castōnis (genitive)
castō (nominative singular)
castōnēs (nominative plural)
castōnis (genitive singular)
castōnum (genitive plural)
castōnī (dative singular)
castōnibus (dative plural)
castōnem (accusative singular)
castōnēs (accusative plural)
castōne (ablative singular)
castōnibus (ablative plural)
castō (singular vocative)
castōnēs (plural vocative)

Boston
Brill
Charles du Fresne, sieur du Cange#Works
Leiden

desc

Old French: chastun, chaston, chestun, caston

Middle French: chaton, chaston

desctree

French: chaton
→ Catalan: xató
→ English: chaton

desc

Galician: engastoar, gastallo, engastallar

Borrowed from Frankish *kastō (“box, case”).


la-noun

☉ m sg (genitive ☉lis); third declension

☉lis (genitive)
☉lis (genitive singular)
☉lī (dative singular)
☉lem (accusative singular)
☉le (ablative singular)

Sic ſunt homines, qui ad lumen candelæ non autem ☉lis cœcutiunt, morbus nyctalopia dicitur.

1688, Caspar Cramer, Collegium chymicum, page 6

Thus there are men who are blind to the light of a candle but not of the sun; the disease is called nyctalopia.

(alchemy) Alternative spelling of sol (“sun”)


Absalon

la-proper noun

Absalōn m sg (genitive Absalōnis); third declension

Absalōn (canonical masculine singular)
Absalōnis (genitive)
Absalōn (nominative singular)
Absalōnis (genitive singular)
Absalōnī (dative singular)
Absalōnem (accusative singular)
Absalōne (ablative singular)
Absalōn (singular vocative)

[ˈäps̠äɫ̪oːn]

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Ἀβεσαλώμ (Abesalṓm), derived from Biblical Hebrew אַבְשָׁלוֹם (Avshalóm).


tenacitas

la-noun

tenācitās f (genitive tenācitātis); third declension

tenācitās (canonical feminine)
tenācitātis (genitive)
tenācitās (nominative singular)
tenācitātēs (nominative plural)
tenācitātis (genitive singular)
tenācitātum (genitive plural)
tenācitātī (dative singular)
tenācitātibus (dative plural)
tenācitātem (accusative singular)
tenācitātēs (accusative plural)
tenācitāte (ablative singular)
tenācitātibus (ablative plural)
tenācitās (singular vocative)
tenācitātēs (plural vocative)

Catalan: tenacitat

English: tenacity

French: ténacité

Italian: tenacità

Portuguese: tenacidade

Romanian: tenacitate

Spanish: tenacidad

[t̪ɛˈnäːkɪt̪äːs̠]


debitor

dēbitor m (genitive dēbitōris, feminine dēbitrīx); third declension

dēbitor (canonical masculine)
dēbitōris (genitive)
dēbitrīx (feminine)
dēbitor (nominative singular)
dēbitōrēs (nominative plural)
dēbitōris (genitive singular)
dēbitōrum (genitive plural)
dēbitōrī (dative singular)
dēbitōribus (dative plural)
dēbitōrem (accusative singular)
dēbitōrēs (accusative plural)
dēbitōre (ablative singular)
dēbitōribus (ablative plural)
dēbitor (singular vocative)
dēbitōrēs (plural vocative)

Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: dãtor

Romanian: dator

→ Albanian: detuar

Gallo-Romance:

Catalan: deutor

Old French: detour

French: detteur

Norman: detteur

Picard: déteu

→ English: debtor

Ibero-Romance:

Portuguese: devedor

Spanish: deudor

Borrowings:

→ Bulgarian: дебитор (debitor)

→ Dalmatian: debituar

→ Danish: debitor

→ English: debitor

→ French: débiteur

→ Italian: debitore

→ Norwegian: debitor

→ Russian: дебито́р (debitór)


parens

parēns m or f (genitive parentis); third declension

parēns (canonical feminine masculine)
parentis (genitive)
parēns (nominative singular)
parentēs (nominative plural)
parentis (genitive singular)
parentum (genitive plural)
parentium (genitive plural)
parentī (dative singular)
parentibus (dative plural)
parentem (accusative singular)
parentēs (accusative plural)
parentīs (accusative plural)
parente (ablative singular)
parentibus (ablative plural)
parēns (singular vocative)
parentēs (plural vocative)

la-ndecl

Third declension noun (mixed i-stem, doublet forms for genitive plural in -um or -ium, and, more rarely, accusative plural -īs for -ēs)

Albanian: prind

Aromanian: pãrinti, pãrinte, printi, printe

Asturian: pariente

Catalan: parent

English: in loco parentis

Old French: parent

Middle French: parent

Anglo-Norman: parent

Middle English: parent

English: parent

French: parent

Norman: parent (Guernsey), pathent (Jersey)

Friulian: parint

Galician: parente

Italian: parente

Portuguese: parente

Romanian: părinte

Sicilian: parenti

Spanish: pariente

Venetian: parent

From an old form of the present participle of the verb pariō (“I bring forth, I give birth to, I produce”). Compare the regular present participle pariēns.

Nec tibi dīva parēns, generis nec Dardanus auctor, / perfide! ….

29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 4.365–366

[Dido to Aeneas:] “No goddess was your mother, nor was Dardanus the founder of your line, [you] liar! ….”

ille suōs semper Venerem Mārtemque parentēs
dīxit et ēmeruit vōcis habēre fidem
He always said that Venus and Mars were his parents,
and he deserved to have the credit for his assertion.
Or: … he deserved to have his word trusted; … to be believed; … to be ‘‘taken at his word’’
(See Quirinus as the deified Romulus.)

Quæ si esset in analogia, negant ullum casum duobus modis debuisse dici; quod fit contra...Nam sine reprehensione vulgo alii dicunt in singulari hac ovi et avi, alii hac ove et ave; in multitudinis hæ puppis restis et hæ puppes restes; item quod in patrico casu hoc genus dispariliter dicuntur civitatum parentum et civitatium parentium, in accusandi hos montes fontes et hos montis fontis.

a. 27 BC, Marcus Terentius Varro, De Lingua Latina, Book VIII, Chapter XXXVII.66

If regularity existed, they say, no case ought to be used in two forms; but the opposite is found to occur...For without censure quite commonly some say in the ablative singular ovi ('sheep') and avi ('bird'); others say ove and ave; in the plural, the nominative puppis ('ship's sterns') and restis ('ropes'), also puppes and restes; likewise there is the fact that in the genitive plural of words of this class are used the variant forms civitatum ('of states'), parentum''' ('of parents'), and civitatium, parentium''' ('of parents'), and in the accusative plural montes ('mountains'), fontes ('springs'), and montis, fontis.


parens

la-adj

pārēns (genitive pārentis); third-declension one-termination adjective

pārēns (canonical)
pārentis (genitive)
pārēns (feminine masculine neuter nominative singular)
pārentēs (feminine masculine nominative plural)
pārentia (neuter nominative plural)
pārentis (feminine genitive masculine neuter singular)
pārentium (feminine genitive masculine neuter plural)
pārentī (dative feminine masculine neuter singular)
pārentibus (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
pārentem (accusative feminine masculine singular)
pārēns (accusative neuter singular)
pārentēs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
pārentia (accusative neuter plural)
pārentī (ablative feminine masculine neuter singular)
pārentibus (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
pārēns (feminine masculine neuter singular vocative)
pārentēs (feminine masculine plural vocative)
pārentia (neuter plural vocative)


juger

la-noun

jūger n (genitive jūgeris); third declension

jūger (canonical neuter)
jūgeris (genitive)
jūger (nominative singular)
jūgera (nominative plural)
jūgeris (genitive singular)
jūgerum (genitive plural)
jūgerī (dative singular)
jūgeribus (dative plural)
jūger (accusative singular)
jūgera (accusative plural)
jūgere (ablative singular)
jūgeribus (ablative plural)
jūger (singular vocative)
jūgera (plural vocative)


civile

cīvīle n (genitive cīvīlis); third declension

cīvīle (canonical neuter)
cīvīlis (genitive)
cīvīle (nominative singular)
cīvīlia (nominative plural)
cīvīlis (genitive singular)
cīvīlium (genitive plural)
cīvīlī (dative singular)
cīvīlibus (dative plural)
cīvīle (accusative singular)
cīvīlia (accusative plural)
cīvīlī (ablative singular)
cīvīlibus (ablative plural)
cīvīle (singular vocative)
cīvīlia (plural vocative)

[kiːˈu̯iːɫ̪ɛ]

From cīvīlis (“pertaining to a city or citizens”).


cyclamen

cyclamen n (genitive cyclaminis); third declension

cyclaminis (genitive)
cyclamen (nominative singular)
cyclamina (nominative plural)
cyclaminis (genitive singular)
cyclaminum (genitive plural)
cyclaminī (dative singular)
cyclaminibus (dative plural)
cyclamen (accusative singular)
cyclamina (accusative plural)
cyclamine (ablative singular)
cyclaminibus (ablative plural)
cyclamen (singular vocative)
cyclamina (plural vocative)

→ Bulgarian: циклама (ciklama)

→ Catalan: ciclamen

desctree

→ English: cyclamen
→ Japanese: シクラメン (shikuramen)
→ Chinese: 仙客來／仙客来 (xiānkèlái)

→ French: cyclamen

→ German: Zyklamen

→ Hungarian: ciklámen

→ Polish: cycklamen

→ Portuguese: ciclame

→ Russian: цикламен (ciklamen)

→ Serbo-Croatian: ciklama / циклама

→ Spanish: ciclamen

→ Swedish: cyklamen

→ Translingual: Cyclamen

→ Turkish: siklamen

[ˈkʏkɫ̪ämɛn]


adulator

la-noun

adūlātor m (genitive adūlātōris); third declension

adūlātor (canonical masculine)
adūlātōris (genitive)
adūlātor (nominative singular)
adūlātōrēs (nominative plural)
adūlātōris (genitive singular)
adūlātōrum (genitive plural)
adūlātōrī (dative singular)
adūlātōribus (dative plural)
adūlātōrem (accusative singular)
adūlātōrēs (accusative plural)
adūlātōre (ablative singular)
adūlātōribus (ablative plural)
adūlātor (singular vocative)
adūlātōrēs (plural vocative)

English: adulator

French: adulateur

Italian: adulatore

desc

→ Polish: (Middle Polish) adulator (learned)

Gallo-Italic:

Romagnol: aduladôr, adulatôr

Portuguese: adulador

Spanish: adulador

[äd̪uːˈɫ̪äːt̪ɔr]


poema

la-noun

poēma n (genitive poēmatis); third declension

poēma (canonical neuter)
poēmatis (genitive)
poēma (nominative singular)
poēmata (nominative plural)
poēmatis (genitive singular)
poēmatum (genitive plural)
poēmatī (dative singular)
poēmatibus (dative plural)
poēma (accusative singular)
poēmata (accusative plural)
poēmate (ablative singular)
poēmatibus (ablative plural)
poēma (singular vocative)
poēmata (plural vocative)

Asturian: poema

Catalan: poema

French: poème

Galician: poema

German: Poem

Italian: poema

Piedmontese: poema

Portuguese: poema

Romanian: poem

Sicilian: puima

Spanish: poema

From Ancient Greek ποίημα (poíēma), from ποιέω (poiéō).


violator

violātor m (genitive violātōris); third declension

violātor (canonical masculine)
violātōris (genitive)
violātor (nominative singular)
violātōrēs (nominative plural)
violātōris (genitive singular)
violātōrum (genitive plural)
violātōrī (dative singular)
violātōribus (dative plural)
violātōrem (accusative singular)
violātōrēs (accusative plural)
violātōre (ablative singular)
violātōribus (ablative plural)
violātor (singular vocative)
violātōrēs (plural vocative)

Catalan: violador

French: violateur

Galician: violador

Italian: violatore

Portuguese: violador

Spanish: violador

[u̯iɔˈɫ̪äːt̪ɔr]


mercator

mercātor m (genitive mercātōris, feminine mercātrīx); third declension

mercātor (canonical masculine)
mercātōris (genitive)
mercātrīx (feminine)
mercātor (nominative singular)
mercātōrēs (nominative plural)
mercātōris (genitive singular)
mercātōrum (genitive plural)
mercātōrī (dative singular)
mercātōribus (dative plural)
mercātōrem (accusative singular)
mercātōrēs (accusative plural)
mercātōre (ablative singular)
mercātōribus (ablative plural)
mercātor (singular vocative)
mercātōrēs (plural vocative)

Old Galician-Portuguese: mercador

Portuguese: mercador

From mercor (“trade, deal in goods”) + -tor.


strix

strī̆x f (genitive strī̆gis); third declension

strī̆x (canonical feminine)
strī̆gis (genitive)
strī̆x (nominative singular)
strī̆gēs (nominative plural)
strī̆gis (genitive singular)
strī̆gum (genitive plural)
strī̆gī (dative singular)
strī̆gibus (dative plural)
strī̆gem (accusative singular)
strī̆gēs (accusative plural)
strī̆ge (ablative singular)
strī̆gibus (ablative plural)
strī̆x (singular vocative)
strī̆gēs (plural vocative)

⇒ Romanian: striga (“to call, shout”)

⇒ Sicilian: strìgula (“barn owl”)

→ English: strigine

→ Esperanto: strigo

→ Ido: strigo

→ Italian: strige

→ Portuguese: estrige

→ Spanish: estrige

Borrowed from Ancient Greek στρίξ (stríx, “screecher”), which also gave strī̆ga (“evil spirit, nightmare; vampire; witch”), itself likely of onomatopoeic origin and related to Latin strīdō (“to screech”).

doublet

eī hominēs cēnās ubi coquont, cum condiunt,
nōn condīmentīs condiunt, sed strīgibus,
vīvīs convīvīs intestīna quae exedint.
Those people, when they cook dinners, when they season them,
season them not with seasonings, but with screech-owls
that would eat up the living guests' guts.
(This is in iambic senarii.)

191 BCE, Plautus, Pseudolus, archived from the original on 2022-10-08, act 3, scene 2, lines 30–32

Praebuit illa arbor miserō suspendia collō,
Carnificī dīrās praebuit illa crucēs;
Illa dedit turpēs raucīs būbōnibus umbrās,

16 BCE, Ovid, Amores, archived from the original on 2017-01-06, 1.12, lines 17-20

That tree offered a hanging to an unfortunate neck;
it offered dreadful crosses to the executioner;
it gave foul shade to hoarse owls;
it held the vulture's and screech-owl's eggs on its branches.
(This is in elegiac couplets.)

est illīs strĭgibus nōmen; sed nōminis huius
causa, quod horrendum strīdere nocte solent.
Screech-owls they're called; but the reason for this name is that they are wont to screech dreadfully at night.
(This is an elegiac couplet; “strī̆x” was associated with and in fact indirectly relates to the Latin strīdō, “to screech”.)

nōn comes obscūrus tripodum, nōn fulminis ārdēns
vector adest, flāvaeque sonāns avis unca Minervae
nōn venit auguriīs melior; quīn vultur et altīs
dēsuper accipitrēs exultāvēre rapīnīs.
mōnstra volant: dīrae strīdunt in nūbe volucrēs,
nocturnaeque gemunt strĭgĕs et fērālia būbō

c. 90 CE, Statius, Thebaid, archived from the original on 2023-02-18, 3.506-512

No the dark companion of the tripods [the raven], no burning lightning-bearer [the eagle]
is there, and no hooting and clawed bird of golden-haired Minerva [the owl]
comes auspiciously to the auguries; instead, a vulture and
hawks up above have rejoiced at their lofty plunder.
Evil omens are aflight: ominous birds shriek in the clouds,
and the nocturnal screech-owls and the death-like horned owl cry,
singing of loss.
(This is in dactylic hexameters.)

A kind of owl, probably the screech-owl (considered a bird of ill omen).

(by extension, according to popular belief) An evil spirit, a vampire or a harpy who sucked the blood of children and caused nightmares.


strix

la-noun

strix f (genitive strigis); third declension

strigis (genitive)
strix (nominative singular)
strigēs (nominative plural)
strigis (genitive singular)
strigum (genitive plural)
strigī (dative singular)
strigibus (dative plural)
strigem (accusative singular)
strigēs (accusative plural)
strige (ablative singular)
strigibus (ablative plural)
strix (singular vocative)
strigēs (plural vocative)

Possibly from a pre-Roman substrate of Iberia such as Celtiberian, from Proto-Indo-European *streyg- (“to brush, strip, shear”) and cognate to Latin striga (“strip”).

der

Hispānia strigēs vocat aurī parvolās māssās.

(Spain, hapax, dubious) A golden nugget.


imperatrix

la-noun

imperātrīx f (genitive imperātrīcis, masculine imperātor); third declension

imperātrīx (canonical feminine)
imperātrīcis (genitive)
imperātor (masculine)
imperātrīx (nominative singular)
imperātrīcēs (nominative plural)
imperātrīcis (genitive singular)
imperātrīcum (genitive plural)
imperātrīcī (dative singular)
imperātrīcibus (dative plural)
imperātrīcem (accusative singular)
imperātrīcēs (accusative plural)
imperātrīce (ablative singular)
imperātrīcibus (ablative plural)
imperātrīx (singular vocative)
imperātrīcēs (plural vocative)

desctree

Old French: empereriz, empereiz; emperice (Anglo-Norman)
→ Middle English: emperice
English: empress
Scots: empress

desc

→ Old Galician-Portuguese: emperadriz, emperadrix (semi-learned)

Galician: emperatriz (influenced by Latin)

Portuguese: imperatriz (influenced by Latin)

→ French: impératrice

→ Italian: imperatrice

→ Russian: императрица (imperatrica)

→ Old Spanish: emperatrix (semi-learned)

→ Spanish: emperatriz

From imperō (“to command, order”) + -trīx. Compare imperātor.


collare

la-noun

collāre n (genitive collāris); third declension

collāre (canonical neuter)
collāris (genitive)
collāre (nominative singular)
collāria (nominative plural)
collāris (genitive singular)
collārium (genitive plural)
collārī (dative singular)
collāribus (dative plural)
collāre (accusative singular)
collāria (accusative plural)
collārī (ablative singular)
collāribus (ablative plural)
collāre (singular vocative)
collāria (plural vocative)

Catalan: collar

Galician: colar

Italian: collare

Occitan: colar

Old French: coler (see there for further descendants)

Portuguese: colar

Spanish: colar, collar

→ Albanian: kular

→ Czech: kolárek

→ German: Kollar

→ Proto-West Germanic: *kollārī (see there for further descendants)


eclipsis

eclīpsis f (genitive eclīpsis); third declension

eclīpsis (canonical feminine)
eclīpsis (genitive)
eclīpsis (nominative singular)
eclīpsēs (nominative plural)
eclīpsis (genitive singular)
eclīpsium (genitive plural)
eclīpsī (dative singular)
eclīpsibus (dative plural)
eclīpsem (accusative singular)
eclīpsēs (accusative plural)
eclīpsīs (accusative plural)
eclīpse (ablative singular)
eclīpsibus (ablative plural)
eclīpsis (singular vocative)
eclīpsēs (plural vocative)

Dutch: eclips

English: eclipse, eclipsis

French: éclipse

Friulian: eclìs

Galician: eclipse

German: Eklipse

Irish: éiclips

Italian: eclissi

Lombard: ecliss

Occitan: eclipsi

Old French: eclipse

Piedmontese: ecliss, eclisse

Portuguese: eclipse

Romanian: eclipsă

Spanish: eclipse

From Ancient Greek ἔκλειψις (ékleipsis, “absence, abandoning”).


Manasses

la-proper noun

Manassēs or Manasses m sg (variously declined, genitive Manassae or Manassis); first declension, third declension

Manassēs (canonical)
Manasses (canonical masculine singular)
Manassae (genitive)
Manassis (genitive)
Manassēs (nominative singular)
Manasses (nominative singular)
Manassae (genitive singular)
Manassis (genitive singular)
Manassae (dative singular)
Manassī (dative singular)
Manassēn (accusative singular)
Manassem (accusative singular)
Manassē (ablative singular)
Manasse (ablative singular)
Manassē (singular vocative)
Manasses (singular vocative)

→ Italian: Manasse

[mäˈnäs̠ːeːs̠]

[mäˈnäs̠ːɛs̠]

From Koine Greek Μανασσῆς (Manassês) in the Septuagint, from Biblical Hebrew מְנַשֶּׁה (Mənašše).

Manasses (one of several biblical characters)


Nabuchodonosor

Nabūchōdonosor m sg (genitive Nabūchōdonosōris); third declension

Nabūchōdonosor (canonical masculine singular)
Nabūchōdonosōris (genitive)
Nabūchōdonosor (nominative singular)
Nabūchōdonosōris (genitive singular)
Nabūchōdonosōrī (dative singular)
Nabūchōdonosōrem (accusative singular)
Nabūchōdonosōre (ablative singular)
Nabūchōdonosor (singular vocative)

→ Italian: Nabucodonosor

Italian: Nabucco

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Ναβουχοδονόσορ (Naboukhodonósor), derived from Biblical Hebrew נְבוּכַדְנֶאצַּר (nəḇûḵaḏneʾṣṣár) and ultimately from Akkadian 𒀭𒀝𒆪𒁺𒌨𒊑𒋀 (Nabû-kudurri-uṣur)

bor

Ναβουχοδονόσορ

der

נְבוּכַדְנֶאצַּר

nəḇûḵaḏneʾṣṣár

(biblical) Nebuchadnezzar, ruler of Babylonia


Ammon

la-proper noun

Ammōn m sg (genitive Ammōnis); third declension

Ammōn (canonical masculine singular)
Ammōnis (genitive)
Ammōn (nominative singular)
Ammōnis (genitive singular)
Ammōnī (dative singular)
Ammōnem (accusative singular)
Ammōne (ablative singular)
Ammōn (singular vocative)

→ English: Ammon

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Ἄμμων (Ámmōn), from Egyptian i-mn:n-A40 (jmn).

der

<i class="Latn mention" lang="egy">jmn</i>

(Egyptian mythology) Amun (Egyptian god identified with Jupiter)


contagio

la-noun

contāgiō f (genitive contāgiōnis); third declension

contāgiō (canonical feminine)
contāgiōnis (genitive)
contāgiō (nominative singular)
contāgiōnēs (nominative plural)
contāgiōnis (genitive singular)
contāgiōnum (genitive plural)
contāgiōnī (dative singular)
contāgiōnibus (dative plural)
contāgiōnem (accusative singular)
contāgiōnēs (accusative plural)
contāgiōne (ablative singular)
contāgiōnibus (ablative plural)
contāgiō (singular vocative)
contāgiōnēs (plural vocative)

Catalan: contagió

French: contagion

Ido: kontagio

Italian: contagione

Occitan: contagion

Portuguese: contagião

Romanian: contagiune

Spanish: contagión

The origin of the long -ā- is unknown. In any case, related to tangō (and the prefixed contingō), with the suffix -iō.

[kɔn̪ˈt̪äːɡioː]


voluntas ordinata

voluntās ōrdināta f (genitive voluntātis ōrdinātae); third declension

voluntās ōrdināta (canonical feminine)
voluntātis ōrdinātae (genitive)
voluntās ōrdināta (nominative singular)
voluntātēs ōrdinātae (nominative plural)
voluntātis ōrdinātae (genitive singular)
voluntātum ōrdinātārum (genitive plural)
voluntātī ōrdinātae (dative singular)
voluntātibus ōrdinātīs (dative plural)
voluntātem ōrdinātam (accusative singular)
voluntātēs ōrdinātās (accusative plural)
voluntāte ōrdinātā (ablative singular)
voluntātibus ōrdinātīs (ablative plural)
voluntās ōrdināta (singular vocative)
voluntātēs ōrdinātae (plural vocative)


aegilops

aegilōps m (genitive aegilōpos); third declension

aegilōps (canonical masculine)
aegilōpos (genitive)
aegilōps (nominative singular)
aegilōpes (nominative plural)
aegilōpos (genitive singular)
aegilōpum (genitive plural)
aegilōpī (dative singular)
aegilōpibus (dative plural)
aegilōpa (accusative singular)
aegilōpas (accusative plural)
aegilōpe (ablative singular)
aegilōpibus (ablative plural)
aegilōps (singular vocative)
aegilōpes (plural vocative)

→ Translingual: Aegilops

→ English: aegilops

→ French: égilope

valonia (Quercus ithaburensis subsp. macrolepis)

An ulcer or fistula in the inner angle of the eye.


sartago

sartāgō f (genitive sartāginis); third declension

sartāgō (canonical feminine)
sartāginis (genitive)
sartāgō (nominative singular)
sartāginēs (nominative plural)
sartāginis (genitive singular)
sartāginum (genitive plural)
sartāginī (dative singular)
sartāginibus (dative plural)
sartāginem (accusative singular)
sartāginēs (accusative plural)
sartāgine (ablative singular)
sartāginibus (ablative plural)
sartāgō (singular vocative)
sartāginēs (plural vocative)

Italo-Romance:

Neapolitan: sartayine

Romanesco: sartayna, sardanya

Sicilian: sartànija

Southern Gallo-Romance:

Aragonese: sartana

Occitan:

Gascon: sartan, sartanha, sartana, sartena, sàrtia

Languedocien: sartan

Provençal: sartan

Vivaro-Alpine: sartan

Ibero-Romance:

Galician: sartaña

Portuguese: sertã

Spanish: sartén

Insular Romance:

Sardinian:

Campidanese: sartania, sattaina

Logudorese: sartaina

Nuorese: sartaghine, sartaine, sartaghina

[s̠ärˈt̪äːɡoː]

[särˈt̪äːɡo]

ncog

Proto-Indo-European *h₂sews- (“to be dry”)


ancon

la-noun

ancōn m (genitive ancōnis); third declension

ancōn (canonical masculine)
ancōnis (genitive)
ancōn (nominative singular)
ancōnēs (nominative plural)
ancōnis (genitive singular)
ancōnum (genitive plural)
ancōnī (dative singular)
ancōnibus (dative plural)
ancōnem (accusative singular)
ancōnēs (accusative plural)
ancōne (ablative singular)
ancōnibus (ablative plural)
ancōn (singular vocative)
ancōnēs (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἀγκών (ankṓn).

A console that appears to support a cornice


laquear

laquear n (genitive laqueāris); third declension

laqueāris (genitive)
laquear (nominative singular)
laqueāria (nominative plural)
laqueāris (genitive singular)
laqueārium (genitive plural)
laqueārī (dative singular)
laqueāribus (dative plural)
laquear (accusative singular)
laqueāria (accusative plural)
laqueārī (ablative singular)
laqueāribus (ablative plural)
laquear (singular vocative)
laqueāria (plural vocative)

According to Isidore of Seville, a corruption from lacūna (“gap, void”), or else from laqueus (“snare, trap”), both perhaps dubious.


Samson

la-proper noun

Samsōn m sg (genitive Samsōnis); third declension

Samsōn (canonical masculine singular)
Samsōnis (genitive)
Samsōn (nominative singular)
Samsōnis (genitive singular)
Samsōnī (dative singular)
Samsōnem (accusative singular)
Samsōne (ablative singular)
Samsōn (singular vocative)

Italian: Sansone

[ˈs̠ä̃ːs̠oːn]

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Σαμψών (Sampsṓn), from Biblical Hebrew שִׁמְשׁוֹן (Shimshon).


palear

la-noun

palear n (genitive paleāris); third declension

paleāris (genitive)
palear (nominative singular)
paleāria (nominative plural)
paleāris (genitive singular)
paleārium (genitive plural)
paleārī (dative singular)
paleāribus (dative plural)
palear (accusative singular)
paleāria (accusative plural)
paleārī (ablative singular)
paleāribus (ablative plural)
palear (singular vocative)
paleāria (plural vocative)

(usually in the plural) The skin that hangs down from the neck of an ox, dewlap.


aleo

āleō m (genitive āleōnis); third declension

āleō (canonical masculine)
āleōnis (genitive)
āleō (nominative singular)
āleōnēs (nominative plural)
āleōnis (genitive singular)
āleōnum (genitive plural)
āleōnī (dative singular)
āleōnibus (dative plural)
āleōnem (accusative singular)
āleōnēs (accusative plural)
āleōne (ablative singular)
āleōnibus (ablative plural)
āleō (singular vocative)
āleōnēs (plural vocative)

From ālea (“die; game of dice”) + -ō, -ōn- (noun-forming suffix).

af

Quis hoc potest videre, quis potest pati,
nisi impudicus et vorax et aleo
Who can see this, who can stand it,

c. 84 BCE – 54 BCE, Catullus, Carmina 29

save the shameless, the glutton, and gambler


ames

la-noun

ames m (genitive amitis); third declension

amitis (genitive)
ames (nominative singular)
amitēs (nominative plural)
amitis (genitive singular)
amitum (genitive plural)
amitī (dative singular)
amitibus (dative plural)
amitem (accusative singular)
amitēs (accusative plural)
amite (ablative singular)
amitibus (ablative plural)
ames (singular vocative)
amitēs (plural vocative)

Galician: andas

Spanish: andas

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂em- (“to grasp-”). See also ampla (“handle”).


Alces

la-proper noun

Alcēs m sg (genitive Alcis); third declension

Alcēs (canonical masculine singular)
Alcis (genitive)
Alcēs (nominative singular)
Alcis (genitive singular)
Alcī (dative singular)
Alcem (accusative singular)
Alce (ablative singular)
Alcēs (singular vocative)

[ˈäl̠ʲt͡ʃes]


capacitas

la-noun

capācitās f (genitive capācitātis); third declension

capācitās (canonical feminine)
capācitātis (genitive)
capācitās (nominative singular)
capācitātēs (nominative plural)
capācitātis (genitive singular)
capācitātum (genitive plural)
capācitātī (dative singular)
capācitātibus (dative plural)
capācitātem (accusative singular)
capācitātēs (accusative plural)
capācitāte (ablative singular)
capācitātibus (ablative plural)
capācitās (singular vocative)
capācitātēs (plural vocative)

Asturian: capacidá

Catalan: capacitat

Czech: kapacita

English: capacity

French: capacité

Galician: capacidade

→ Hungarian: kapacitás

Italian: capacità

Maltese: kapaċità

Piedmontese: capacità

Portuguese: capacidade

Romanian: capacitate

Serbo-Croatian: kapacitet

Spanish: capacidad

[käˈpäːkɪt̪äːs̠]

[käˈpäːt͡ʃit̪äs]


capitulare

capitulāre n (genitive capitulāris); third declension

capitulāre (canonical neuter)
capitulāris (genitive)
capitulāre (nominative singular)
capitulāria (nominative plural)
capitulāris (genitive singular)
capitulārium (genitive plural)
capitulārī (dative singular)
capitulāribus (dative plural)
capitulāre (accusative singular)
capitulāria (accusative plural)
capitulārī (ablative singular)
capitulāribus (ablative plural)
capitulāre (singular vocative)
capitulāria (plural vocative)

[käpɪt̪ʊˈɫ̪äːrɛ]

From capitulum (“small head”) + -āre (substantive of -āris (“-ary”, adjectival suffix)).

af

-āre<pos:substantive of <i class="Latn mention" lang="la">-āris</i> (“-ary”, adjectival suffix)>

Latin Inscriptions Orell..3345


coleo

la-noun

cōleō m (genitive cōleōnis); third declension

cōleō (canonical masculine)
cōleōnis (genitive)
coleō (nominative singular)
coleōnēs (nominative plural)
coleōnis (genitive singular)
coleōnum (genitive plural)
coleōnī (dative singular)
coleōnibus (dative plural)
coleōnem (accusative singular)
coleōnēs (accusative plural)
coleōne (ablative singular)
coleōnibus (ablative plural)
coleō (singular vocative)
coleōnēs (plural vocative)

Italo-Romance:

Italian: coglione

Sicilian: cugghiuni, cugliuni

Insular Romance:

desc

Sardinian: cozone, colloni, calloni (Campidanese)

North Italian:

Friulian: coion

Romansch: cugliun

Venetian: cojon

Gallo-Romance:

Catalan: colló

Old French: coillon (see there for further descendants)

Occitan: colhon

Ibero-Romance:

Old Galician-Portuguese: colhon

Galician: collón

Portuguese: colhão

desctree

Spanish: cojón
→ English: cojones (from the plural)

From cōleus + -ō. Attested in the glossary quoted below, which was translated in Carolingian times from a Greek original.

c. 8th century C.E., “famex” in Glossae nominum
Famex spado contusis culionibus

A famex is a eunuch who has had his balls crushed


copo

la-noun

cōpō m (genitive cōpōnis, feminine cōpa); third declension

cōpō (canonical masculine)
cōpōnis (genitive)
cōpa (feminine)
cōpō (nominative singular)
cōpōnēs (nominative plural)
cōpōnis (genitive singular)
cōpōnum (genitive plural)
cōpōnī (dative singular)
cōpōnibus (dative plural)
cōpōnem (accusative singular)
cōpōnēs (accusative plural)
cōpōne (ablative singular)
cōpōnibus (ablative plural)
cōpō (singular vocative)
cōpōnēs (plural vocative)


debilitas

dēbilitās f (genitive dēbilitātis); third declension

dēbilitās (canonical feminine)
dēbilitātis (genitive)
dēbilitās (nominative singular)
dēbilitātēs (nominative plural)
dēbilitātis (genitive singular)
dēbilitātum (genitive plural)
dēbilitātī (dative singular)
dēbilitātibus (dative plural)
dēbilitātem (accusative singular)
dēbilitātēs (accusative plural)
dēbilitāte (ablative singular)
dēbilitātibus (ablative plural)
dēbilitās (singular vocative)
dēbilitātēs (plural vocative)

Catalan: debilitat

English: debility

French: débilité

Galician: debilidade

→ German: Debilität

Italian: debilità

Occitan: debilitat

Portuguese: debilidade

Romanian: debilitate

Spanish: debilidad

[d̪eːˈbɪlʲɪt̪äːs̠]


diluvio

dīluviō f (genitive dīluviōnis); third declension

dīluviō (canonical feminine)
dīluviōnis (genitive)
dīluviō (nominative singular)
dīluviōnēs (nominative plural)
dīluviōnis (genitive singular)
dīluviōnum (genitive plural)
dīluviōnī (dative singular)
dīluviōnibus (dative plural)
dīluviōnem (accusative singular)
dīluviōnēs (accusative plural)
dīluviōne (ablative singular)
dīluviōnibus (ablative plural)
dīluviō (singular vocative)
dīluviōnēs (plural vocative)

[d̪iːˈɫ̪uː̯ioː]


vesper

vesper m (variously declined, genitive vesperī or vesperis); second declension, third declension

vesperī (genitive)
vesperis (genitive)
vesper (nominative singular)
vesperī (nominative plural)
vesperēs (nominative plural)
vesperī (genitive singular)
vesperis (genitive singular)
vesperōrum (genitive plural)
vesperum (genitive plural)
vesperō (dative singular)
vesperī (dative singular)
vesperīs (dative plural)
vesperibus (dative plural)
vesperum (accusative singular)
vesperem (accusative singular)
vesperōs (accusative plural)
vesperēs (accusative plural)
vespere (ablative singular)
vesperō (ablative singular)
vesperīs (ablative plural)
vesperibus (ablative plural)
vesper (singular vocative)
vesperī (plural vocative)
vesperēs (plural vocative)

Dalmatian: viaspro

→ Esperanto: vespero

Piedmontese: vespr, vésper

Lombard: vèsper

Italian: vespro

Sicilian: vèspiru

desctree

Old French: vespre, vespree
Middle French: vespre
French: vêpre
Norman: vêpe
Walloon: vesprêye
→ English: vesper

⇒ Old French: vespres (oblique plural)

French: vêpres

→ Middle English: vespers, vespres
English: vespers

Old Occitan:

Catalan: vespre

Old Galician-Portuguese:

Portuguese: vésper

→ Spanish: véspero

q

→ Albanian: dhespër (or from Ancient Greek ἕσπερος (hésperos))

desctree

→ Old Irish: fescor
Irish: feascar
Manx: fastyr
Scottish Gaelic: feasgar

→ Welsh: gosber

PIE word
 *wek(ʷ)speros
From Proto-Italic *wesperos, from Proto-Indo-European *wek(ʷ)speros. Cognates include Ancient Greek ἕσπερος (hésperos), Old Church Slavonic вєчєръ (večerŭ) and Old Armenian գիշեր (gišer).


doma

la-noun

dōma n (genitive dōmatis); third declension

dōma (canonical neuter)
dōmatis (genitive)
dōma (nominative singular)
dōmata (nominative plural)
dōmatis (genitive singular)
dōmatum (genitive plural)
dōmatī (dative singular)
dōmatibus (dative plural)
dōma (accusative singular)
dōmata (accusative plural)
dōmate (ablative singular)
dōmatibus (ablative plural)
dōma (singular vocative)
dōmata (plural vocative)


limes

līmes m (genitive līmitis); third declension

līmes (canonical masculine)
līmitis (genitive)
līmes (nominative singular)
līmitēs (nominative plural)
līmitis (genitive singular)
līmitum (genitive plural)
līmitī (dative singular)
līmitibus (dative plural)
līmitem (accusative singular)
līmitēs (accusative plural)
līmite (ablative singular)
līmitibus (ablative plural)
līmes (singular vocative)
līmitēs (plural vocative)

Italo-Romance:

Italian: lemete (Rieti), gliemito (Marche)

Neapolitan: lemmeto, jemmeto, limiti (Agnone)

Sicilian: limitu

Sardinian:

Campidanese: limidi

Logudorese: limide (medieval)

Padanian:

Friulian: linda

→ Dalmatian: lainda

Lombard: limat, zlimat

Piedmontese: lümi, lümmiu, limbiu

Northern Gallo-Romance:

Franco-Provençal: lẽda, ẽda, nẽda

⇒ Orléanais: lindelle

Southern Gallo-Romance:

Catalan: llinda

Ibero-Romance:

Asturian: llende

Fala: lindi

Galician: linde

Portuguese: linde, linda

Spanish: linde

Vulgar Latin:

⇒ Vulgar Latin: *līmitellus

Old French: lintel (see there for further descendants)

Borrowings:

→ Asturian: llímite

→ Galician: límite

→ German: Limes

→ Esperanto: limito

→ Finnish: limes (learned)

→ Hungarian: limesz

→ Ido: limito

→ Italian: limite

→ Old French: limite

French: limite

Norman: lînmite

→ English: limit

→ Polish: limit

→ Portuguese: limite

→ Romanian: limită

→ Russian: лимит (limit)

→ Sicilian: lìmiti

→ Spanish: límite

→ Swedish: limes

From līmus (“askew”) + -es (“going”). See also līmen.


facilitas

facilitās f (genitive facilitātis); third declension

facilitās (canonical feminine)
facilitātis (genitive)
facilitās (nominative singular)
facilitātēs (nominative plural)
facilitātis (genitive singular)
facilitātum (genitive plural)
facilitātī (dative singular)
facilitātibus (dative plural)
facilitātem (accusative singular)
facilitātēs (accusative plural)
facilitāte (ablative singular)
facilitātibus (ablative plural)
facilitās (singular vocative)
facilitātēs (plural vocative)

Catalan: facilitat

French: facilité

Galician: facilidade

Italian: facilità

Piedmontese: facilità

Portuguese: facilidade

Romanian: facilitate

Spanish: facilidad

[fäˈkɪlʲɪt̪äːs̠]

Derived from facilis (“doable, easy”) + -tās (“-ity”). Doublet of facultās.


facultas

la-noun

facultās f (genitive facultātis); third declension

facultās (canonical feminine)
facultātis (genitive)
facultās (nominative singular)
facultātēs (nominative plural)
facultātis (genitive singular)
facultātum (genitive plural)
facultātī (dative singular)
facultātibus (dative plural)
facultātem (accusative singular)
facultātēs (accusative plural)
facultāte (ablative singular)
facultātibus (ablative plural)
facultās (singular vocative)
facultātēs (plural vocative)

English: faculty

French: faculté

Galician: facultade

Indonesian: fakultas

Italian: facoltà

Piedmontese: facoltà

Portuguese: faculdade

Romanian: facultate

Sicilian: facurtati, facurtà

Spanish: facultad

Albanian: fakulltet

[fäˈkʊɫ̪t̪äːs̠]

From Proto-Italic *fakelitāts, related to facilis. Doublet of facilitās.


felicitas

fēlīcitās f (genitive fēlīcitātis); third declension

fēlīcitās (canonical feminine)
fēlīcitātis (genitive)
fēlīcitās (nominative singular)
fēlīcitātēs (nominative plural)
fēlīcitātis (genitive singular)
fēlīcitātum (genitive plural)
fēlīcitātī (dative singular)
fēlīcitātibus (dative plural)
fēlīcitātem (accusative singular)
fēlīcitātēs (accusative plural)
fēlīcitāte (ablative singular)
fēlīcitātibus (ablative plural)
fēlīcitās (singular vocative)
fēlīcitātēs (plural vocative)

Catalan: felicitat

English: felicity

French: félicité

Galician: felicidade

Italian: felicità

Occitan: felicitat

Portuguese: felicidade

Spanish: felicidad

[feːˈlʲiːkɪt̪äːs̠]

From fēlīx (“happy; blessed, fortunate, lucky; fertile, fruitful; prosperous; auspicious, favourable”) + -tās (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁(y)- (“to nurse, suckle”)).


ilex

la-noun

īlex f (genitive īlicis); third declension

īlex (canonical feminine)
īlicis (genitive)
īlex (nominative singular)
īlicēs (nominative plural)
īlicis (genitive singular)
īlicum (genitive plural)
īlicī (dative singular)
īlicibus (dative plural)
īlicem (accusative singular)
īlicēs (accusative plural)
īlice (ablative singular)
īlicibus (ablative plural)
īlex (singular vocative)
īlicēs (plural vocative)

Translingual: Ilex

Albanian: ilqe

Catalan: alzina

English: Ilex

Esperanto: ilekso

French: yeuse

Galician: aciñeira

Ido: ilexo

Italian: elce

Portuguese: azinha

Sicilian: ìlici

Spanish: encina

Probably from a lost non-Indo-European substrate language.


habilitas

habilitās f (genitive habilitātis); third declension

habilitās (canonical feminine)
habilitātis (genitive)
habilitās (nominative singular)
habilitātēs (nominative plural)
habilitātis (genitive singular)
habilitātum (genitive plural)
habilitātī (dative singular)
habilitātibus (dative plural)
habilitātem (accusative singular)
habilitātēs (accusative plural)
habilitāte (ablative singular)
habilitātibus (ablative plural)
habilitās (singular vocative)
habilitātēs (plural vocative)

Catalan: habilitat

Galician: habilidade

Italian: abilità

Old French: ableté

Middle French: habilité

French: habilité, habileté

desctree

→ Middle English: abilite, abilte, ablete, habilite
English: ability
Scots: abilty (obsolete)

Portuguese: habilidade

Romanian: abilitate

Spanish: habilidad
→ Cebuano: abilidad
→ Hiligaynon: abilidad
→ Tagalog: abilidad

[häˈbɪlʲɪt̪äːs̠]


vindicator

la-noun

vindicātor m (genitive vindicātōris); third declension

vindicātor (canonical masculine)
vindicātōris (genitive)
vindicātor (nominative singular)
vindicātōrēs (nominative plural)
vindicātōris (genitive singular)
vindicātōrum (genitive plural)
vindicātōrī (dative singular)
vindicātōribus (dative plural)
vindicātōrem (accusative singular)
vindicātōrēs (accusative plural)
vindicātōre (ablative singular)
vindicātōribus (ablative plural)
vindicātor (singular vocative)
vindicātōrēs (plural vocative)

Catalan: venjador

French: vengeur

Italian: vendicatore

Portuguese: vingador

Romanian: vindecător

Sicilian: vinnicaturi

Spanish: vengador

(Late Latin, Ecclesiastical Latin) avenger, vindicator


vulgaris

la-adj

vulgāris (neuter vulgāre, superlative vulgārissimus, adverb vulgāre or vulgāriter); third-declension two-termination adjective

vulgāris (canonical)
vulgāre (neuter)
vulgārissimus (superlative)
vulgāre (adverb)
vulgāriter (adverb)
vulgāris (feminine masculine nominative singular)
vulgāre (neuter nominative singular)
vulgārēs (feminine masculine nominative plural)
vulgāria (neuter nominative plural)
vulgāris (feminine genitive masculine neuter singular)
vulgārium (feminine genitive masculine neuter plural)
vulgārī (dative feminine masculine neuter singular)
vulgāribus (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
vulgārem (accusative feminine masculine singular)
vulgāre (accusative neuter singular)
vulgārēs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
vulgārīs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
vulgāria (accusative neuter plural)
vulgārī (ablative feminine masculine neuter singular)
vulgāribus (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
vulgāris (feminine masculine singular vocative)
vulgāre (neuter singular vocative)
vulgārēs (feminine masculine plural vocative)
vulgāria (neuter plural vocative)

Catalan: vulgar

English: vulgar

French: vulgaire

Danish: vulgær

Dutch: vulgair

German: vulgär

Galician: vulgar

Italian: volgare

Norman: vuldgaithe

Portuguese: vulgar

Romanian: vulgar

Spanish: vulgar

Swedish: vulgär

[u̯ʊɫ̪ˈɡäːrɪs̠]

From vulgus (“the multitude, the masses”) + -āris.


Hannibal

la-proper noun

Hannibal m sg (genitive Hannibalis); third declension

Hannibalis (genitive)
Hannibal (nominative singular)
Hannibalis (genitive singular)
Hannibalī (dative singular)
Hannibalem (accusative singular)
Hannibale (ablative singular)
Hannibal (singular vocative)

English: Hannibal

Italian: Annibale

Portuguese: Aníbal

Spanish: Aníbal

[ˈhänːɪbäɫ̪]

From Punic 𐤇𐤍𐤁𐤏𐤋 (ḥnbʿl /ḥannībaʿl/, “May the Lord (Baal) grace me”).

der

The Carthaginian general Hannibal Barca.


vireo

la-noun

vireō m (genitive vireōnis); third declension

vireō (canonical masculine)
vireōnis (genitive)
vireō (nominative singular)
vireōnēs (nominative plural)
vireōnis (genitive singular)
vireōnum (genitive plural)
vireōnī (dative singular)
vireōnibus (dative plural)
vireōnem (accusative singular)
vireōnēs (accusative plural)
vireōne (ablative singular)
vireōnibus (ablative plural)
vireō (singular vocative)
vireōnēs (plural vocative)

→ English: vireo


lactes

lactēs f pl (genitive lactium); third declension

lactēs (canonical feminine plural)
lactium (genitive)
lactēs (nominative plural)
lactium (genitive plural)
lactibus (dative plural)
lactēs (accusative plural)
lactīs (accusative plural)
lactibus (ablative plural)
lactēs (plural vocative)

Maybe from Proto-Indo-European *(s)leg-, *(s)leh₁g-, the same root of Latin langueō and laxus.

[ˈɫ̪äkt̪eːs̠]

(anatomy) The intestines, especially the smaller intestines


lacte

lacte n (genitive lactis); third declension

lactis (genitive)
lacte (nominative singular)
lactis (genitive singular)
lactī (dative singular)
lacte (accusative singular)
lacte (ablative singular)
lacte (singular vocative)


laqueare

laqueāre n (genitive laqueāris); third declension

laqueāre (canonical neuter)
laqueāris (genitive)
laqueāre (nominative singular)
laqueāria (nominative plural)
laqueāris (genitive singular)
laqueārium (genitive plural)
laqueārī (dative singular)
laqueāribus (dative plural)
laqueāre (accusative singular)
laqueāria (accusative plural)
laqueārī (ablative singular)
laqueāribus (ablative plural)
laqueāre (singular vocative)
laqueāria (plural vocative)

[ɫ̪äkʷeˈäːrɛ]


palpo

palpō m (genitive palpōnis); third declension

palpō (canonical masculine)
palpōnis (genitive)
palpō (nominative singular)
palpōnēs (nominative plural)
palpōnis (genitive singular)
palpōnum (genitive plural)
palpōnī (dative singular)
palpōnibus (dative plural)
palpōnem (accusative singular)
palpōnēs (accusative plural)
palpōne (ablative singular)
palpōnibus (ablative plural)
palpō (singular vocative)
palpōnēs (plural vocative)

From palpō (“touch softly stroke; flatter”) + -ō (noun-forming suffix).


limen

la-noun

līmen n (genitive līminis); third declension

līmen (canonical neuter)
līminis (genitive)
līmen (nominative singular)
līmina (nominative plural)
līminis (genitive singular)
līminum (genitive plural)
līminī (dative singular)
līminibus (dative plural)
līmen (accusative singular)
līmina (accusative plural)
līmine (ablative singular)
līminibus (ablative plural)
līmen (singular vocative)
līmina (plural vocative)

Borrowed:

→ Italian: limine

→ Spanish: limen

Inherited:

Ladin: lime, lim

Lombard: limni

Norman: lime (feminine)

Romansch: glim, im

Likely related to līmus (“transverse, oblique”), with the suffix -men. See also līmes.

threshold, doorstep, sill (bottom-most part of a doorway)

threshold, entrance, doorway, approach; door


salar

salar m (genitive salaris); third declension

salaris (genitive)
salar (nominative singular)
salarēs (nominative plural)
salaris (genitive singular)
salarum (genitive plural)
salarī (dative singular)
salaribus (dative plural)
salarem (accusative singular)
salarēs (accusative plural)
salare (ablative singular)
salaribus (ablative plural)
salar (singular vocative)
salarēs (plural vocative)

From saliō (“leap”) (leaper), or possibly from sāl (“salt”) ("resident of salt water"). More at Wikipedia: Atlantic salmon § Nomenclature.

Taxonomic epithet of the Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar.


pillo

pillō f (genitive pillōnis); third declension

pillō (canonical feminine)
pillōnis (genitive)
pillō (nominative singular)
pillōnēs (nominative plural)
pillōnis (genitive singular)
pillōnum (genitive plural)
pillōnī (dative singular)
pillōnibus (dative plural)
pillōnem (accusative singular)
pillōnēs (accusative plural)
pillōne (ablative singular)
pillōnibus (ablative plural)
pillō (singular vocative)
pillōnēs (plural vocative)


piso

pīsō m (genitive pīsōnis); third declension

pīsō (canonical masculine)
pīsōnis (genitive)
pīsō (nominative singular)
pīsōnēs (nominative plural)
pīsōnis (genitive singular)
pīsōnum (genitive plural)
pīsōnī (dative singular)
pīsōnibus (dative plural)
pīsōnem (accusative singular)
pīsōnēs (accusative plural)
pīsōne (ablative singular)
pīsōnibus (ablative plural)
pīsō (singular vocative)
pīsōnēs (plural vocative)

From the root of pīnsō, pistus + -ō, -ōn- (noun-forming suffix).

Adversus umores et subitos inpetus oculorum et epiphoras radices betae maxime nigrae ex aqua tepida lavabis et expressas sabano siccabis, deinde tundes in pisone marmoreo et sucum inde linteo intorto exprimes, tum leviter ad carbones despumatum tepefacies et naribus infundes, ita ut is cui medeberis aquam tepidam in ore contineat, et si unus oculus laborabit, diversae partis nares infundes et melle Attico continges.

c. 400 CE, Marcellus Empiricus, De medicamentis liber 8

...next you will pound them in a marble mortar...

mortar (hollow vessel used with a pestle)


publicitas

pūblicitās f (genitive pūblicitātis); third declension

pūblicitās (canonical feminine)
pūblicitātis (genitive)
pūblicitās (nominative singular)
pūblicitātēs (nominative plural)
pūblicitātis (genitive singular)
pūblicitātum (genitive plural)
pūblicitātī (dative singular)
pūblicitātibus (dative plural)
pūblicitātem (accusative singular)
pūblicitātēs (accusative plural)
pūblicitāte (ablative singular)
pūblicitātibus (ablative plural)
pūblicitās (singular vocative)
pūblicitātēs (plural vocative)

[puːˈblʲɪkɪt̪äːs̠]


manes

mānēs m pl (genitive mānium); third declension

mānēs (canonical masculine plural)
mānium (genitive)
mānēs (nominative plural)
mānium (genitive plural)
mānibus (dative plural)
mānēs (accusative plural)
mānīs (accusative plural)
mānibus (ablative plural)
mānēs (plural vocative)

English: manes

French: mânes pl

German: Manen pl

Substantive use of the masculine plural of Old Latin mānis (“good”), so originally "the good ones".

Id cinerem aut mānīs crēdis cūrāre sepultōs?

“Do you [really] believe that [any of] this matters to ashes, or spirits entombed?”
(Anna questions Dido’s devotion to her deceased husband; it may be a general statement about all spirits, or understood specifically about the dead Sychaeus. Some editors capitalize “Manis.” Commentary by T.E. Page [1967], pg. 348: “The poet uses the three words cinerem, Manes, sepultos to emphasise the idea of something which being destroyed, dead, and buried is utterly incapable of concern in what goes on among the living.”)

souls or spirits of the dead, shades, ghosts

remains, the ashes or corpse of a dead person


mutilo

mutilō m (genitive mutilōnis); third declension

mutilō (canonical masculine)
mutilōnis (genitive)
mutilō (nominative singular)
mutilōnēs (nominative plural)
mutilōnis (genitive singular)
mutilōnum (genitive plural)
mutilōnī (dative singular)
mutilōnibus (dative plural)
mutilōnem (accusative singular)
mutilōnēs (accusative plural)
mutilōne (ablative singular)
mutilōnibus (ablative plural)
mutilō (singular vocative)
mutilōnēs (plural vocative)

[ˈmʊt̪ɪɫ̪oː]

Alternative spelling of multō (“castrated ram”, “wether”)


muto

mūtō m (genitive mūtōnis); third declension

mūtō (canonical masculine)
mūtōnis (genitive)
mūtō (nominative singular)
mūtōnēs (nominative plural)
mūtōnis (genitive singular)
mūtōnum (genitive plural)
mūtōnī (dative singular)
mūtōnibus (dative plural)
mūtōnem (accusative singular)
mūtōnēs (accusative plural)
mūtōne (ablative singular)
mūtōnibus (ablative plural)
mūtō (singular vocative)
mūtōnēs (plural vocative)

Compare Old Irish moth (“male organ”). Weiss 1996 proposes a derivation from a Proto-Indo-European *mewH- (“to be abundant, reproductively powerful”), with Ancient Greek μῡρῐ́ος (mūríos) as a cognate.

der

Huic si mūtōnis verbīs mala tanta videntī
dīceret haec animus ‘quid vīs tibi? numquid ego ā tē
magnō prognātum dēpōscō cōnsule cunnum

What if, in the words of his penis, his mind were to say to the man when he sees such troubles: 'What exactly do you want? Do I ever demand a cunt descended from a famous consul or veiled in a fancy gown when my passion grows hot?'

vēlātumque stolā, mea cum conferbuit īra?'


resultas

la-noun

resultās f (genitive resultātis); third declension

resultās (canonical feminine)
resultātis (genitive)
resultās (nominative singular)
resultātēs (nominative plural)
resultātis (genitive singular)
resultātum (genitive plural)
resultātī (dative singular)
resultātibus (dative plural)
resultātem (accusative singular)
resultātēs (accusative plural)
resultāte (ablative singular)
resultātibus (ablative plural)
resultās (singular vocative)
resultātēs (plural vocative)

[rɛˈs̠ʊɫ̪t̪äːs̠]


tapes

tapēs m (genitive tapētis); third declension

tapēs (canonical masculine)
tapētis (genitive)
tapēs (nominative singular)
tapētēs (nominative plural)
tapētis (genitive singular)
tapētum (genitive plural)
tapētī (dative singular)
tapētibus (dative plural)
tapētem (accusative singular)
tapētēs (accusative plural)
tapēte (ablative singular)
tapētibus (ablative plural)
tapēs (singular vocative)
tapētēs (plural vocative)

desctree

Old French: tapiz
Middle French: tapiz
French: tapis
→ Nafaanra: tapis
→ Catalan: tapís
→ Spanish: tapiz

Friulian: tapêt

Italian: tappeto

Piedmontese: tapiss

Old Galician-Portuguese: tapete, tapede

Galician: tapete

Portuguese: tapete

→ Spanish: tapete
→ Catalan: tapet
→ Tarifit: ⵜⴰⵒⵒⵉⵜ (tappit), tappit

→ English: tapetum (learned)

→ Proto-West Germanic: *tapped, *tapēd (see there for further descendants)

→ German: Tapete

From Ancient Greek τάπης (tápēs, “carpet, rug”); see there for more.