generatio

generātiō f (genitive generātiōnis); third declension

generātiō (canonical feminine)
generātiōnis (genitive)
generātiō (nominative singular)
generātiōnēs (nominative plural)
generātiōnis (genitive singular)
generātiōnum (genitive plural)
generātiōnī (dative singular)
generātiōnibus (dative plural)
generātiōnem (accusative singular)
generātiōnēs (accusative plural)
generātiōne (ablative singular)
generātiōnibus (ablative plural)
generātiō (singular vocative)
generātiōnēs (plural vocative)

Catalan: generació

Dutch: generatie

English: generation

Esperanto: generacio

French: génération

Hungarian: generáció

Italian: generazione

Maltese: ġenerazzjoni

Norwegian Bokmål: generasjon

Norwegian Nynorsk: generasjon

Occitan: generacion

Old Galician-Portuguese:

Galician: xeración

Portuguese: geração

Romanian: generație

Russian: генера́ция (generácija)

Spanish: generación

Tagalog: henerasyon

Turkish: jenerasyon

Venetian: generassion

[ɡɛnɛˈräːt̪ioː]

Sed pertinuit ad Deum, quo ista inspirante conscripta sunt, has duas societates suis diuersis generationibus primitus digerere atque distinguere […]

412 CE – 426 CE, Aurelius Augustinus Hipponensis, City of God 15.8

But it suited the purpose of God, by whose inspiration these histories were composed, to arrange and distinguish from the first these two societies in their several generations […]

Scimus quia omnis qui natus est ex Deo, non peccat : sed generatio Dei conservat eum, et malignus non tangit eum.

We know because each whose birth is from God, doesn't sin, but the offspring of God uphold him, and the wicked one doesn't touch him.


filialis

la-adj

fīliālis (neuter fīliāle); third-declension two-termination adjective

fīliālis (canonical)
fīliāle (neuter)
fīliālis (feminine masculine nominative singular)
fīliāle (neuter nominative singular)
fīliālēs (feminine masculine nominative plural)
fīliālia (neuter nominative plural)
fīliālis (feminine genitive masculine neuter singular)
fīliālium (feminine genitive masculine neuter plural)
fīliālī (dative feminine masculine neuter singular)
fīliālibus (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
fīliālem (accusative feminine masculine singular)
fīliāle (accusative neuter singular)
fīliālēs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
fīliālīs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
fīliālia (accusative neuter plural)
fīliālī (ablative feminine masculine neuter singular)
fīliālibus (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
fīliālis (feminine masculine singular vocative)
fīliāle (neuter singular vocative)
fīliālēs (feminine masculine plural vocative)
fīliālia (neuter plural vocative)

English: filial

Italian: filiale

Spanish: filial

[fiːlʲiˈäːlʲɪs̠]

From fīlius (“son”) + -ālis, fīlia (“daughter”) + -ālis.

Filial; of or pertaining to a son or daughter.


cupido

la-noun

cupīdō f (genitive cupīdinis); third declension

cupīdō (canonical feminine)
cupīdinis (genitive)
cupīdō (nominative singular)
cupīdinēs (nominative plural)
cupīdinis (genitive singular)
cupīdinum (genitive plural)
cupīdinī (dative singular)
cupīdinibus (dative plural)
cupīdinem (accusative singular)
cupīdinēs (accusative plural)
cupīdine (ablative singular)
cupīdinibus (ablative plural)
cupīdō (singular vocative)
cupīdinēs (plural vocative)

desire, longing, especially amorous desire, eagerness

cupīdō caeca


circumcisio

circumcīsiō f (genitive circumcīsiōnis); third declension

circumcīsiō (canonical feminine)
circumcīsiōnis (genitive)
circumcīsiō (nominative singular)
circumcīsiōnēs (nominative plural)
circumcīsiōnis (genitive singular)
circumcīsiōnum (genitive plural)
circumcīsiōnī (dative singular)
circumcīsiōnibus (dative plural)
circumcīsiōnem (accusative singular)
circumcīsiōnēs (accusative plural)
circumcīsiōne (ablative singular)
circumcīsiōnibus (ablative plural)
circumcīsiō (singular vocative)
circumcīsiōnēs (plural vocative)

Catalan: circumcisió

English: circumcision

French: circoncision

Galician: circuncisión

Italian: circoncisione

Portuguese: circuncisão

Romanian: circumcizie

Spanish: circuncisión


Christianitas

la-proper noun

Chrīstiānitās f (genitive Chrīstiānitātis); third declension

Chrīstiānitās (canonical feminine)
Chrīstiānitātis (genitive)
Chrīstiānitās (nominative singular)
Chrīstiānitātēs (nominative plural)
Chrīstiānitātis (genitive singular)
Chrīstiānitātum (genitive plural)
Chrīstiānitātī (dative singular)
Chrīstiānitātibus (dative plural)
Chrīstiānitātem (accusative singular)
Chrīstiānitātēs (accusative plural)
Chrīstiānitāte (ablative singular)
Chrīstiānitātibus (ablative plural)
Chrīstiānitās (singular vocative)
Chrīstiānitātēs (plural vocative)

Aromanian: crishtinãtati, crãshtinãtati

Catalan: cristiandat

English: Christianity

French: chrétienté

Italian: cristianità

Friulian: cristianitât

Galician: cristiandade

Old French: crestiente

Portuguese: cristandade

Romanian: creștinătate

Spanish: cristiandad

[kʰriːs̠t̪iˈäːnɪt̪äːs̠]


infans

la-adj

īnfāns (genitive īnfantis, comparative īnfantior, superlative īnfantissimus); third-declension one-termination adjective

īnfāns (canonical)
īnfantis (genitive)
īnfantior (comparative)
īnfantissimus (superlative)
īnfāns (feminine masculine neuter nominative singular)
īnfantēs (feminine masculine nominative plural)
īnfantia (neuter nominative plural)
īnfantis (feminine genitive masculine neuter singular)
īnfantium (feminine genitive masculine neuter plural)
īnfantī (dative feminine masculine neuter singular)
īnfantibus (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
īnfantem (accusative feminine masculine singular)
īnfāns (accusative neuter singular)
īnfantēs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
īnfantia (accusative neuter plural)
īnfantī (ablative feminine masculine neuter singular)
īnfantibus (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
īnfāns (feminine masculine neuter singular vocative)
īnfantēs (feminine masculine plural vocative)
īnfantia (neuter plural vocative)


infans

la-noun

īnfāns m or f (genitive īnfantis); third declension

īnfāns (canonical feminine masculine)
īnfantis (genitive)
īnfāns (nominative singular)
īnfantēs (nominative plural)
īnfantis (genitive singular)
īnfantium (genitive plural)
īnfantī (dative singular)
īnfantibus (dative plural)
īnfantem (accusative singular)
īnfantēs (accusative plural)
īnfantīs (accusative plural)
īnfante (ablative singular)
īnfantibus (ablative plural)
īnfāns (singular vocative)
īnfantēs (plural vocative)

Esperanto: infano

Old Francoprovençal: enfás (direct), enfant (oblique)

Franco-Provençal: enfant

Old French: enfés (direct), enfant (oblique)

French: enfant

Norman: effant

Dalmatian: infant

Italian: fante

→ French: fantassin

→ Italian: infante

desctree

→ Middle English: infaunt, infant, infante, infaunte; enfaunt
English: infant

Old Occitan: enfas (direct), enfant (oblique)

Occitan: enfant, enfan

desc

Old Galician-Portuguese: ifante, infante

Galician: infante

Portuguese: infante

Old Spanish: ifante

Spanish: infante

Romansch: unfant, uffant, affon, iffaunt, unfànt

Russian: инфа́нт (infánt)

(in later Latin) a boy, a girl (under the age of 7)


adductor

la-noun

adductor m (genitive adductōris); third declension

adductōris (genitive)
adductor (nominative singular)
adductōrēs (nominative plural)
adductōris (genitive singular)
adductōrum (genitive plural)
adductōrī (dative singular)
adductōribus (dative plural)
adductōrem (accusative singular)
adductōrēs (accusative plural)
adductōre (ablative singular)
adductōribus (ablative plural)
adductor (singular vocative)
adductōrēs (plural vocative)

[äd̪ˈd̪ʊkt̪ɔr]


draco

dracō m (genitive dracōnis); third declension

dracō (canonical masculine)
dracōnis (genitive)
dracō (nominative singular)
dracōnēs (nominative plural)
dracōnis (genitive singular)
dracōnum (genitive plural)
dracōnī (dative singular)
dracōnibus (dative plural)
dracōnem (accusative singular)
dracōnēs (accusative plural)
dracōne (ablative singular)
dracōnibus (ablative plural)
dracō (singular vocative)
dracōnēs (plural vocative)

Eastern Romance:

Aromanian: drac, dracu, dãrac, darac

Megleno-Romanian: drac

Romanian: drac

Italian: drago, dragone

Navarro-Aragonese:

Aragonese: dragón

Neapolitan: draone

desctree

→ Old French: dragon, dragun (Anglo-Norman)
Middle French: dracon
French: dragon (see there for further descendants)
Norman: dragon
→ Middle English: dragoun, dragon, dragoune, dragun
English: dragon (see there for further descendants)
Scots: draigon
→ Old Irish: dragán
Irish: dragan
Manx: dragan

Old Leonese:

Asturian: dragu, dragón

Old Occitan:

Catalan: drac, dragó

Occitan: drac, dragon

→ French: drac

Old Galician-Portuguese: dragon

Galician: dragón

Portuguese: drago, dragão

Old Spanish: dragon
Spanish: drago, dragón (see there for further descendants)

Rhaeto-Romance:

Friulian: drâc, dragon

Romansch: dragun

Sardinian: dragone

Sicilian: dragu

→ Maltese: dragun

Venetian: dragon

Vulgar Latin: *dragōnis

→ Proto-Albanian: *dragɔ̄n

Albanian: dragua

→ Albanian: *drak

Albanian: dreq

→ Cornish: dragon

→ Estonian: draakon

→ Proto-West Germanic: *drakō (see there for further descendants)

→ Latvian: drakons

→ Lithuanian: drakonas

→ Welsh: draig

→ Yiddish: דראַקאָן (drakon)

From Ancient Greek δράκων (drákōn, “serpent, dragon”).

der

The standard of a Roman cohort, shaped like an Egyptian crocodile ('dragon') head.


fractio

la-noun

frāctiō f (genitive frāctiōnis); third declension

frāctiō (canonical feminine)
frāctiōnis (genitive)
frāctiō (nominative singular)
frāctiōnēs (nominative plural)
frāctiōnis (genitive singular)
frāctiōnum (genitive plural)
frāctiōnī (dative singular)
frāctiōnibus (dative plural)
frāctiōnem (accusative singular)
frāctiōnēs (accusative plural)
frāctiōne (ablative singular)
frāctiōnibus (ablative plural)
frāctiō (singular vocative)
frāctiōnēs (plural vocative)

→ Catalan: fracció

→ German: Fraktion

→ English: fraction

→ Dutch: fractie

→ French: fraction

→ Italian: frazione

→ Russian: фракция (frakcija)

→ Portuguese: fração

→ Romanian: fracție

→ Spanish: fracción

1544, Orontius Finaeus, Arithmetica Practica, liber II, cap. 7 https://books.google.com/books?id=4iwPAAAAQAAJ&dq=fractiones&pg=PT85#v=onepage&q=fractio&f=false
Divisio, quemadmodum et multiplicatio, aut inter ipsas tantum accidit fractiones, aut simul cum ipsis tractatur integris.

Division, just as with multiplication, occurs either only between those fractions, or is transacted at the same time with those integers.

Scribitur fractio duobus numeris, linea interiecta distinctis, quorum superior ipsam partem integri determinat, et numerator dicitur, inferior partes totius omnes refert, et denominator appellatur.

1750, Institutiones Matheseos: Selectis Observationibus Illustratae in Usum Praelectionum Academicarum, 4th edition, page 56

A fraction is written with two numbers separated by a line between them, of which the portion above determines the pieces, and is called the numerator, and the portion below refers to the entire total, and is called the denominator.


cyclops

cyclōps m (genitive cyclōpis); third declension

cyclōps (canonical masculine)
cyclōpis (genitive)
cyclōps (nominative singular)
cyclōpēs (nominative plural)
cyclōpis (genitive singular)
cyclōpum (genitive plural)
cyclōpī (dative singular)
cyclōpibus (dative plural)
cyclōpem (accusative singular)
cyclōpēs (accusative plural)
cyclōpe (ablative singular)
cyclōpibus (ablative plural)
cyclōps (singular vocative)
cyclōpēs (plural vocative)

Catalan: ciclop

From Ancient Greek Κύκλωψ (Kúklōps, “Cyclops”), q.v.

der

A cyclops; a one-eyed giant from Greek and Roman mythology.


abbreviatio

la-noun

abbreviātiō f (genitive abbreviātiōnis); third declension

abbreviātiō (canonical feminine)
abbreviātiōnis (genitive)
abbreviātiō (nominative singular)
abbreviātiōnēs (nominative plural)
abbreviātiōnis (genitive singular)
abbreviātiōnum (genitive plural)
abbreviātiōnī (dative singular)
abbreviātiōnibus (dative plural)
abbreviātiōnem (accusative singular)
abbreviātiōnēs (accusative plural)
abbreviātiōne (ablative singular)
abbreviātiōnibus (ablative plural)
abbreviātiō (singular vocative)
abbreviātiōnēs (plural vocative)

Catalan: abreviació

Middle French: abreviation

→ Middle English: abbreviacioun

English: abbreviation

French: abréviation

→ Galician: abreviación

→ German: Abbreviation

Italian: abbreviazione

→ Norwegian Bokmål: abbreviasjon

→ Portuguese: abreviação

Romanian: abreviație

Spanish: abreviación

(Ecclesiastical Latin) abridgment, abbreviation, shortening


nox

nox f (genitive noctis); third declension

noctis (genitive)
nox (nominative singular)
noctēs (nominative plural)
noctis (genitive singular)
noctium (genitive plural)
noctī (dative singular)
noctibus (dative plural)
noctem (accusative singular)
noctēs (accusative plural)
noctīs (accusative plural)
nocte (ablative singular)
noctibus (ablative plural)
nox (singular vocative)
noctēs (plural vocative)

Balkan-Romance:

Aromanian: noapti, noapte, nopti

Istro-Romanian: nopte

Megleno-Romanian: noapti

Romanian: noapte

Dalmatian:

nuot, nuat

Italo-Romance:

Corsican: notte

Italian: notte

Neapolitan: notte

Sicilian: notti

North Italian:

Gallo-Italic:

Emilian: nôt, nòcc

Old Lombard: nog

Lombard: neucc, nòcc, nò

Piedmontese: nog

desc

Piedmontese: neuit (western), neucc (eastern)

Friulian: gnot

Istriot: nuoto, noto

Romansch: not, notg

Venetian: note

Gallo-Romance:

Franco-Provençal: nuet, nait, noit, not, net, nit, gnuet

desctree

Old French: noit, nuit
Bourguignon: neut
Champenois: nutie
Middle French: nuyt
French: nuit
Haitian Creole: nwit
Norman: gniaette, gniet, niet, nyit
Walloon: nute

Occitano-Romance:

desc

Gascon: nuèit, nueit, nèit, net, nèi, nuit

Old Catalan: nuyt, nit

Catalan: nit

Occitan:

Auvergnat: neut, nueit

Languedocien: nuèit, nèit, nuèch, nuòch, nhuèch, nhòch, nèch

Limousin: nuech, nueit

Provençal: nuech, nhuech

Vivaro-Alpine: nuech, nhuech, neit

Ibero-Romance:

Aragonese: nueit, nuet, nuei

Ribagorçan: nit

Mozarabic: نخت (nuxti)

Old Leonese:

Asturian: nueche, nueite (western)

Extremaduran: nochi

Leonese: nueite, nuoite, nueiche

desctree

Old Galician-Portuguese: noite, noute
Fala: noiti
Galician: noite, note, noute, nuite
Portuguese: noite, noute (dated) (see there for further descendants)
→ Mirandese: nuite

Old Spanish: noche
Ladino: noche
Spanish: noche

Insular Romance:

Sardinian: notti (Campidanese), notte (Logudorese, Nuorese)

Borrowings:

→ English: nox

→ Esperanto: nokto

From Proto-Italic *nokts, from Proto-Indo-European *nókʷts. Cognate with Ancient Greek νύξ (núx), Sanskrit नक्ति (nákti), Old English niht (whence English night), Proto-Slavic *noťь.

media nox

Nox pars obscura diei est.

Silentio noctis

c. 52 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de Bello Gallico VII.26


pax

la-noun

pāx f (genitive pācis); third declension

pāx (canonical feminine)
pācis (genitive)
pāx (nominative singular)
pācēs (nominative plural)
pācis (genitive singular)
pācum (genitive plural)
pācī (dative singular)
pācibus (dative plural)
pācem (accusative singular)
pācēs (accusative plural)
pāce (ablative singular)
pācibus (ablative plural)
pāx (singular vocative)
pācēs (plural vocative)

Balkan Romance:

Romanian: pace

Gallo-Italic:

Emilian:

Ligurian:

Lombard: paas

Piedmontese: pas

Romagnol:

Gallo-Romance:

Aragonese: paz

Catalan: pau

Occitan: patz

desctree

Old French: pais
Middle French:
French: paix
Anglo-Norman: peis
→ Middle English: pees, pes, pese, pece
English: peace
Yola: pace
Bourguignon: pois
Walloon: påye
→ Dutch: peis
→ Middle English: pees, pes, pais

Ibero-Romance:

Asturian: paz

Mirandese: paç

Old Galician-Portuguese: paz
Galician: paz
Portuguese: paz

Old Spanish: paz

Spanish: paz

Italo-Dalmatian:

Corsican: patz

Italian: pace

Sicilian: paci

→ Maltese: paċi

Rhaeto-Romance:

Friulian: pâs

Ladin: pesc

Romansch: pasch, pesch

Sardinian:

Campidanese: paxi

Logudorese: paghe

Nuorese: pache

Venetian: paxe

Early borrowings:

→ Albanian: paqe

→ Basque: bake

→ Old Irish: póc

Irish: póg

Modern borrowings:

→ Middle English: pax

English: pax ⇒ paxis

desc

→⇒ English: Pax Americana, Pax Mongolica, Pax Manjurica, Pax Sinica, Pax Sovietica

→ Esperanto: paco

Ido: paco

→ Swedish: pax

From Proto-Italic *pāks, Proto-Indo-European *péh₂ḱ-s (“peace”), from the root *peh₂ḱ- (“to join, to attach”).

Sperō ut pācem habeant semper.

Donec, infecta pāce, ad arma desilirent.

While, as peace was broken, they came down with arms.

(transferred sense) grace (esp. from the gods)

(transferred sense) leave, good leave (permission)

Requiēscat in pāce.


pontifex

la-noun

pontifex m (genitive pontificis); third declension

pontificis (genitive)
pontifex (nominative singular)
pontificēs (nominative plural)
pontificis (genitive singular)
pontificum (genitive plural)
pontificī (dative singular)
pontificibus (dative plural)
pontificem (accusative singular)
pontificēs (accusative plural)
pontifice (ablative singular)
pontificibus (ablative plural)
pontifex (singular vocative)
pontificēs (plural vocative)

Catalan: pontífex

English: pontiff

French: pontife

Italian: pontefice

→ Portuguese: pontífice (learned)

Romanian: pontifice

Russian: понти́фик m (pontífik)

Spanish: pontífice

Often interpreted as a compound originally meaning “bridge-maker”, from Proto-Italic *pontifaks, equivalent to pōns (“bridge”) + -fex (suffix representing a maker or producer), either metaphorically “one who negotiates between gods and men” or literally if at some point the social class which supplied the priests was more or less identical with engineers that were responsible for building bridges. Compare Sanskrit पथिकृत् (pathikṛ́t, “path-maker”), attested as an epithet of rishis in the Rig Veda.

cog

adiacet antīquus Tiberīnō lūcūs Helernī:

The ancient grove of Helernus is near by the Tiber [River]:
Even now the high priests bring sacrifices to there.
(See: Helernus; “Tiberinus” is an alternative name for the Tiber River.)

pontificēs illūc nunc quoque sacra ferunt.

an ancient Roman high priest, state minister, pontiff

a pontiff or bishop of the early Christian church, now specifically the Pope


administratio

la-noun

administrātiō f (genitive administrātiōnis); third declension

administrātiō (canonical feminine)
administrātiōnis (genitive)
administrātiō (nominative singular)
administrātiōnēs (nominative plural)
administrātiōnis (genitive singular)
administrātiōnum (genitive plural)
administrātiōnī (dative singular)
administrātiōnibus (dative plural)
administrātiōnem (accusative singular)
administrātiōnēs (accusative plural)
administrātiōne (ablative singular)
administrātiōnibus (ablative plural)
administrātiō (singular vocative)
administrātiōnēs (plural vocative)

Catalan: administració

English: administration

French: administration

Galician: administración

Italian: amministrazione

Occitan: administracion

Portuguese: administração

Romanian: administrație

desc

администра́ция

Russian: администра́ция (administrácija)

Spanish: administración

[äd̪mɪnɪs̠ˈt̪räːt̪ioː]

administration, management, government (of a city, body)

Cn. Fuluius Centumalus P. Sulpicius Galba consules cum idibus Martiis magistratum inissent, senatu in Capitolium uocato, de re publica, de administratione belli, de prouinciis exercitibusque patres consuluerunt.

27 BCE – 25 BCE, Titus Livius, Ab Urbe Condita 26.1

When the consuls Gnaeus Fulvius Centumalus and Publius Sulpicius Galba took up the magistracy on the Ides of March, they summoned the senate to the Capitoline Hill and consulted the senators on issues regarding the state, the handling of the war, the provinces and the armies.


fortis

la-adj

fortis (neuter forte, comparative fortior, superlative fortissimus, adverb fortiter); third-declension two-termination adjective

forte (neuter)
fortior (comparative)
fortissimus (superlative)
fortiter (adverb)
fortis (feminine masculine nominative singular)
forte (neuter nominative singular)
fortēs (feminine masculine nominative plural)
fortia (neuter nominative plural)
fortis (feminine genitive masculine neuter singular)
fortium (feminine genitive masculine neuter plural)
fortī (dative feminine masculine neuter singular)
fortibus (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
fortem (accusative feminine masculine singular)
forte (accusative neuter singular)
fortēs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
fortīs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
fortia (accusative neuter plural)
fortī (ablative feminine masculine neuter singular)
fortibus (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
fortis (feminine masculine singular vocative)
forte (neuter singular vocative)
fortēs (feminine masculine plural vocative)
fortia (neuter plural vocative)

Aragonese: fuerte

Asturian: fuerte

Basque: bortizki

Catalan: fort

Dalmatian: fuart

Franco-Provençal: fôrt

French: fort

→ English: fort

Friulian: fuart

Italian: forte

→ English: forte

Occitan: fòrt

desctree

Old Galician-Portuguese: forte
Fala: forti
Galician: forte
Portuguese: forte

Romanian: foarte

Sardinian: folte, forte, forti

Sicilian: forti

Spanish: fuerte

Borrowings:

→ Albanian: fortë

→ Basque: bortitz

→ English: fortis

→ Norwegian Bokmål: fortiori

From Old Latin forctis, from Proto-Italic *forktis, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerǵʰ- (“to rise, high, hill”) (> Proto-Indo-European *bʰérǵʰ-ti-s) or Proto-Indo-European *dʰerǵʰ- (“to bind fast, to be firm, strong”); in the latter case, an earlier Proto-Italic form of the word *θorktis can be reconstructed.

der

(figuratively) firm, resolute, steadfast, stout

omne solum fortī patria est, ut piscibus aequor,

Every land is home to the brave, as to fishes the sea,
as to birds for every void whatsoever in the open world.

ut volucrī, vacuō quicquid in orbe patet.

ἀνδρεῖος ἀνδρεῖος#English

(figuratively) manly, mannish (answering to the Greek ἀνδρεῖος)


nomen

la-noun

nōmen n (genitive nōminis); third declension

nōmen (canonical neuter)
nōminis (genitive)
nōmen (nominative singular)
nōmina (nominative plural)
nōminis (genitive singular)
nōminum (genitive plural)
nōminī (dative singular)
nōminibus (dative plural)
nōmen (accusative singular)
nōmina (accusative plural)
nōmine (ablative singular)
nōminibus (ablative plural)
nōmen (singular vocative)
nōmina (plural vocative)

Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: numã, nume, numi

Megleno-Romanian: numi

Istro-Romanian: nome

Romanian: nume

Dalmatian:

naun, naum

Italo-Romance:

Italian: nome

Neapolitan: nomme

Sicilian: nomu, nomi

Padanian:

Friulian: non

Istriot: non, nom

Ladin: inom, inuem

Ligurian: nómme

Old Lombard: nom

Lombard: nòmm

Piedmontese: nòm

Romagnol: nóm

Romansch: num, nom

Venetian: nome

Gallo-Romance:

Catalan: nom

Old French: nom (see there for further descendants)

Occitan: nom

Ibero-Romance:

Asturian: nome, ñome, nom

Mirandese: nome

desctree

Navarro-Aragonese: nombre
Aragonese: nombre

Old Galician-Portuguese: nome
Fala: nomi
Galician: nome
Portuguese: nome

Old Spanish: nomne, nomre

Spanish: nombre (see there for further descendants)

Insular Romance:

Sardinian: numene, nomene

Borrowings:

→ Spanish: nómina

→ English: nomen

From Proto-Italic *nomen, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁nómn̥ (“name”). The long ō (and spurious g in compounds) is from false association with gnōscō (“know, recognize”). In the grammatical sense of “noun”, it is a semantic loan from Ancient Greek ὄνομα (ónoma).
Cognate with Hittite 𒆷𒀀𒈠𒀭 (lāman), Ancient Greek ὄνομα (ónoma), Sanskrit नामन् (nā́man), Tocharian A ñom, Old Irish ainmm, Old Church Slavonic имѧ (imę), Old English nama (English name). Doublet of onoma.

semantic loan

(historical) Short for nomen gentile, nomen, the family name in a Roman name, indicating the person's gens

nomen gentile

(figuratively) debt, particularly a written bond or item of debt

(figuratively, metonymically) people, race


dens

la-noun

dēns m (genitive dentis); third declension

dēns (canonical masculine)
dentis (genitive)
dēns (nominative singular)
dentēs (nominative plural)
dentis (genitive singular)
dentium (genitive plural)
dentī (dative singular)
dentibus (dative plural)
dentem (accusative singular)
dentēs (accusative plural)
dentīs (accusative plural)
dente (ablative singular)
dentibus (ablative plural)
dēns (singular vocative)
dentēs (plural vocative)

Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: dinti f, dinte f

Istro-Romanian: dinte

Megleno-Romanian: dinti m

Romanian: dinte m

Dalmatian:

diant m

Italo-Romance:

Corsican: dente, denti

Italian: dente m

Neapolitan: dente m

Sicilian: denti m

Insular Romance:

Sardinian: dènte

Padanian:

Piedmontese: dent m

Romagnol: dént m (Ville Unite)

Venetian: dénte m

Rhaeto-Romance:

Friulian: dint m

Ladin: dent m

Romansch: dent m

Gallo-Romance:

Franco-Provençal: dent f

Oïl:

Picard: dint

desctree

Old French: dent m
Middle French: dent f
French: dent f
Walloon: dint f

Oc:

Catalan: dent f

Occitan: dent f

Ibero-Romance:

Asturian: diente m

Mirandese: diente m

Old Galician-Portuguese: dente m
Galician: dente m
Portuguese: dente m

Spanish: diente m

→ English: dens

→ Esperanto: dento

→ Interlingua: dente

From Proto-Italic *dents, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃dónts. Cognates include Ancient Greek ὀδούς (odoús), Sanskrit दत् (dát), Lithuanian dantìs, Old English tōþ (English tooth), Armenian ատամ (atam).

nec procul ā stabulīs audet discēdere, sīquā

Nor [does a] lamb dare to withdraw far from the sheep-folds, if it was ever torn from the teeth of a hungry wolf.
(The flexibility of Latin word order allows Ovid to heighten tension by enjoining the words for lamb and wolf. Translations vary; was the lamb ever torn “by the teeth” of a wolf, or did a shepherd once rescue the lamb “from the teeth” of a wolf?)

prō dentibus gladiōs habent

1803, Joanne Nep. Alber, Interpretatio Sacrae Scripturae per Omnes Veteris et Novi Testamenti Libros, 30:14, page 172

(metonymically) a tooth, point, spike, prong, tine, fluke, or any tooth-like projection

(figuratively) tooth of envy, envy, ill will

nam quid in oppressū validō dūrābit eōrum, ut mortem effugiat, lēti sub dentibus ipsīs? ignis an ūmor an aura? quid hōrum? sanguen an ossa?

c. 99 BCE – 55 BCE, Lucretius, De rerum natura 1.851–853

For which of them will last—and escape death—under the strong pressure, under the very teeth of annihilation? The fire, or the moisture, or the air? Which of these? The blood, or the bones?

Tempus edāx rērum, tūque, invidiōsa vetustās, omnia dēstruitis, vitiātāque dentibus aevī paulātim lentā cōnsūmitis omnia morte.

O Time, devourer of all things, and you, jealous Old Age, you destroy everything; and, through the teeth of time, and a slow, tainted death, little by little, you consume everything.

Excēpit Seleucus fābulae partem et “Egō̆” inquit “nōn cō̆tīdiē lavor; baliscus enim fullō est, aqua dentēs habet, et cor nostrum cō̆tīdiē liquēscit.[”]

c. 27 CE – 66 CE, Petronius, Satyricon 42

Seleucus took up part of the tale and "I", he said, "do not wash every day; for the bath is a fuller, the water has teeth, and our heart melts away daily."

tooth of envy, envy, ill will
tooth of a destroying power


achaemenis

la-noun

achaemenis f (genitive achaemenidis); third declension

achaemenidis (genitive)
achaemenis (nominative singular)
achaemenidēs (nominative plural)
achaemenidis (genitive singular)
achaemenidum (genitive plural)
achaemenidī (dative singular)
achaemenidibus (dative plural)
achaemenidem (accusative singular)
achaemenidēs (accusative plural)
achaemenide (ablative singular)
achaemenidibus (ablative plural)
achaemenis (singular vocative)
achaemenidēs (plural vocative)

[äˈkʰäe̯mɛnɪs̠]

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἀχαιμενίς (akhaimenís), according to Beekes ultimately from Ἀχαιμένης (Akhaiménēs, “founder of the Achaemenid dynasty”).

a plant alleged to have magical properties


elephans

elephāns m (genitive elephantis); third declension

elephāns (canonical masculine)
elephantis (genitive)
elephāns (nominative singular)
elephantēs (nominative plural)
elephantis (genitive singular)
elephantum (genitive plural)
elephantī (dative singular)
elephantibus (dative plural)
elephantem (accusative singular)
elephantēs (accusative plural)
elephante (ablative singular)
elephantibus (ablative plural)
elephāns (singular vocative)
elephantēs (plural vocative)

[ˈɛɫ̪ɛpʰä̃ːs̠]

alternative form of elephās (“elephant”)


clavis

clāvis f (genitive clāvis); third declension

clāvis (canonical feminine)
clāvis (genitive)
clāvis (nominative singular)
clāvēs (nominative plural)
clāvis (genitive singular)
clāvium (genitive plural)
clāvī (dative singular)
clāvibus (dative plural)
clāvem (accusative singular)
clāvim (accusative singular)
clāvēs (accusative plural)
clāvīs (accusative plural)
clāve (ablative singular)
clāvī (ablative singular)
clāvibus (ablative plural)
clāvis (singular vocative)
clāvēs (plural vocative)

Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: cljai

Romanian: cheie

Dalmatian:

cluf

Italo-Romance:

Italian: chiave

Neapolitan: chiave

desc

Sicilian: chiavi, ciavi (alternative speling)

Padanian:

Gallo-Italic:

Piedmontese: ciav

Romagnol: cêv

Friulian: clâf, clâv (alternative orthography)

Istriot: ciave

Ladin: chiëf

Romansch: clav, clev (Puter)

Venetian: ciave

Gallo-Romance:

Catalan: clau

Franco-Provençal: cllâf

Old French: clef (see there for further descendants)

Occitan: clau

Ibero-Romance:

Aragonese: clau

Ribagorçan: cllau

Asturian: llave

Galician: chave

Portuguese: chave (see there for further descendants)

Spanish: llave (see there for further descendants)

Insular Romance:

Sardinian: crae

Borrowings:

→ English: clavis

→ Polish: klawisz

→ Russian: клавиша (klaviša)

→ Portuguese: clave

→ Spanish: clave

[ˈkɫ̪äːu̯ɪs̠]

From Proto-Italic *klāwis. Either a secondary i-stem derivation of the Proto-Indo-European *kleh₂u- (“nail, pin, hook - instruments, of old use for locking doors”) which gave also Latin clāvus (“nail”), an inherited Indo-European word originally denoting an instrument for unlocking doors, or a loanword from dialectal Ancient Greek *κλᾱϝίς (*klāwís) (Classical κλείς (kleís)), from the same Proto-Indo-European root.

der

Post hanc orationem claves portarum pecuniaeque regiae ante pedes eorum posuit.

27 BCE – 25 BCE, Titus Livius, Ab Urbe Condita 24

After this discourse he laid the keys of the gates and of the royal treasure at their feet.

[…] et videntes quod nullus aperiret tulerunt clavem et aperientes invenerunt dominum suum iacentem in terra mortuum

[…] and, behold, he did not open the doors; therefore they took a key and opened [the doors] to enter [but] their lord was lying dead on the ground.

Ellipsis of clāvis trochī.: an instrument in the form of a key, by which a top was set in motion

clāvis trochī

[…] seriam vinariam unam, clavem torculari I […]

234 BCE – 149 BCE, Cato the Elder, De Agri Cultura 13

a lever or bar for tightening a screw press


aer

la-noun

āēr m or f (genitive āeris or āeros); third declension

āēr (canonical feminine masculine)
āeris (genitive)
āeros (genitive)
āēr (nominative singular)
āerēs (nominative plural)
āera (nominative plural)
āeris (genitive singular)
āeros (genitive singular)
āerum (genitive plural)
āerī (dative singular)
āeribus (dative plural)
āera (accusative singular)
āerem (accusative singular)
āerēs (accusative plural)
āera (accusative plural)
āere (ablative singular)
āeribus (ablative plural)
āēr (singular vocative)
āerēs (plural vocative)

Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: air, airu

Romanian: aer

Italo-Romance:

desc

Italian: aere, aiere, aire, are (archaic)

Padanian:

Friulian: aiar, ajar (alternative orthography)

Ligurian: àire, ære

Lombard: àira, àjer

Piedmontese: àire

Romansch: ajer, aria, leer

Venetian: aiere, agere

→ Cimbrian: èar

Northern Gallo-Romance:

Franco-Provençal: êr, âr, air, are

desctree

Old French: air, aer, aïr, ar, eir, aeir, eyer, aire
French: air
Norman: air
→ Middle English: aire, ayre, eire, eyre, aere
English: air
Scots: air
Yola: aare

Southern Gallo-Romance:

Catalan: aire

Occitan: aire, aere

Ibero-Romance:

Old Leonese:

Asturian: aire

Mirandese: aire

desc

Old Galician-Portuguese: aar, aire, aere

Galician: ar, aire

Portuguese: ar

desctree

Spanish: aire
→ Basque: aire
→ Tagalog: eyre

Insular Romance

desc

Sardinian: aera, àeri, àghera, àiri, ari, ària

From the metathesis (and/or femininization) of Latin āera (the Greek-type accusative):

Dalmatian:

aria

Italo-Romance:

Italian: aria (see there for further descendants)

→ Venetian: aria

→ Ligurian: âia

→ Lombard: aria

→ Piedmontese: aria

Sicilian: àriu ⇒ ària

→ Maltese: arja

Borrowings:

→ Albanian: ajër

→ Proto-Celtic:

Proto-Brythonic:

Breton: aer

Cornish: air, ayr

Middle Welsh: awyr
Welsh: awyr

desctree

Old Irish: aer
Irish: aer, aidhéar
Manx: aer
Scottish Gaelic: adhar

→ Polish: (Middle Polish) aer (learned)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ᾱ̓ήρ (āḗr, “air”).


sanguis

la-noun

sanguī̆s m (genitive sanguinis); third declension

sanguī̆s (canonical masculine)
sanguinis (genitive)
sanguī̆s (nominative singular)
sanguinēs (nominative plural)
sanguinis (genitive singular)
sanguinum (genitive plural)
sanguinī (dative singular)
sanguinibus (dative plural)
sanguinem (accusative singular)
sanguinēs (accusative plural)
sanguine (ablative singular)
sanguinibus (ablative plural)
sanguī̆s (singular vocative)
sanguinēs (plural vocative)
sanguis (nominative singular)
sanguēs (nominative plural)
sanguis (genitive singular)
sanguium (genitive plural)
sanguī (dative singular)
sanguibus (dative plural)
sanguem (accusative singular)
sanguēs (accusative plural)
sanguīs (accusative plural)
sangue (ablative singular)
sanguī (ablative singular)
sanguibus (ablative plural)
sanguis (singular vocative)
sanguēs (plural vocative)

la-ndecl

Classical Latin; third-declension noun.

Later 'Vulgar' Latin; third-declension noun.

Ibero-Romance:

Aragonese: sangre

Asturian: sangre

Old Galician-Portuguese: sangue, sangre

Fala: sangri

Galician: sangue

Portuguese: sangue

Old Spanish: sangne, sangre

Ladino: sangre (Latin spelling)

Spanish: sangre

Papiamentu: sanger, sangro

Insular Romance:

Sardinian:

Campidanese: sàmbini, sànguni

Logudorese: sambene, sambine

Borrowings:

→ Interlingua: sanguine

Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: sãndzi, sãndze, sendzi

Istro-Romanian: sănze

Megleno-Romanian: sǫnzi

Romanian: sânge

Dalmatian:

suang

Italo-Romance:

Corsican: sangui, sangue

Gallurese: sangu

Sassarese: sangu

Italian: sangue

desc

Judeo-Italian: סַאנְגוּוַה (saʾnəguvah /sangua/)

Neapolitan: sango, sanco (most dialects)

Cieti: sangio

San Valentino: sanghe

Silano: sangiuo

Old Sicilian: sangui

Sicilian: sangu, sancu

North Italian:

Gallo-Italic:

Emilian: sangeu, sanguv, sango, sanco

Ladin: sango, sanc

Ligurian: sanghe, sangue

Lombard: sangu, sancu, sanc

Piedmontese: sango, sanco, sanc

Friulian: sanc, sang

Old Venetian: sango, sangue

Venetian: sangue

Romansch: sang, saung

Gallo-Romance:

Franco-Provençal: sang

Old French: sanc

French: sang

Antillean Creole: san

Haitian Creole: san

→ Esperanto: sango

→ Ido: sango

Walloon: sonk

Occitano-Romance:

Catalan: sang

Occitan: sang

[ˈs̠äŋɡʷiːs̠]

[ˈs̠äŋɡʷɪs̠]

Older sanguīs, later regularized with a short /i/, likely for *sanguīns, from Proto-Italic *sangwens, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁sh₂-én-, oblique stem of *h₁ésh₂r̥ (“blood”), whence also saniēs (“ichor; ulcer”) via suffixation.
The nominative of the original paradigm is likely to be reflected as Old Latin assyr, as(c)er (found in glosses only). It's disputed whether sanguen is the earlier form, but it seems more likely that it's a later reshaping on the analogy of unguen, inguen, since if original, the addition of -s- to it would be reflected as *sanguēs.
It has also supposed that may be related to Etruscan 𐌔𐌀𐌍𐌗𐌖𐌍𐌄𐌕𐌀 (sanxuneta, “the sanguinary”), with the enclitic article -𐌕𐌀 (-ta) (assuming, contrary to the usual view, that sanguis is not of Indo-European origin).
Cognate to Hittite 𒂊𒌍𒄯 (ēšḫar), Sanskrit असृज् (ásṛj), Ancient Greek ἔαρ (éar), Old Armenian արիւն (ariwn).

cog

Tuscō sanguine terra rubet

Plūrēs efficimur, quotiēns mētīmur ā vōbīs: sēmen est sanguī̆s Chrīstiānōrum.

c. 160 CE – c. 225 CE, Tertullian, Apologeticus L.13

Translation by Alexander Souter
We spring up in greater numbers the more we are mown down by you: the blood of the Christians is the seed of a new life.

‘Iuppiter,’ inquit, ‘habet Rōmāna potentia vīrēs:

‘‘Oh, Jupiter,’’ he said, ‘‘The Roman power [the Roman political state] [now] has strength [of its own]:
It has no [further] need with the service of my blood [progeny; descendant].’’
(Jupiter hears the plea of Mars to deify his son Romulus (mythology).)

descent, descendant, parentage, progeny, blood relative, flesh-and-blood, family, race


contratenor altus

la-noun

contrātenor altus m (genitive contrātenōris altī); third declension

contrātenor altus (canonical masculine)
contrātenōris altī (genitive)
contrātenor altus (nominative singular)
contrātenōrēs altī (nominative plural)
contrātenōris altī (genitive singular)
contrātenōrum altōrum (genitive plural)
contrātenōrī altō (dative singular)
contrātenōribus altīs (dative plural)
contrātenōrem altum (accusative singular)
contrātenōrēs altōs (accusative plural)
contrātenōre altō (ablative singular)
contrātenōribus altīs (ablative plural)
contrātenor alte (singular vocative)
contrātenōrēs altī (plural vocative)

(music) High countermelody sung against the tenor or main melody.


conclave

conclāve n (genitive conclāvis); third declension

conclāve (canonical neuter)
conclāvis (genitive)
conclāve (nominative singular)
conclāvia (nominative plural)
conclāvis (genitive singular)
conclāvium (genitive plural)
conclāvī (dative singular)
conclāvibus (dative plural)
conclāve (accusative singular)
conclāvia (accusative plural)
conclāvī (ablative singular)
conclāvibus (ablative plural)
conclāve (singular vocative)
conclāvia (plural vocative)

Catalan: conclave

English: conclave

French: conclave

Italian: conclave

Portuguese: conclave

Romanian: conclav

Russian: конкла́в (konkláv)

Spanish: cónclave

[kɔŋˈkɫ̪äːu̯ɛ]


simplex

la-adj

simplex (genitive simplicis, comparative simplicior, superlative simplicissimus, adverb simpliciter); third-declension one-termination adjective

simplicis (genitive)
simplicior (comparative)
simplicissimus (superlative)
simpliciter (adverb)
simplex (feminine masculine neuter nominative singular)
simplicēs (feminine masculine nominative plural)
simplicia (neuter nominative plural)
simplicis (feminine genitive masculine neuter singular)
simplicium (feminine genitive masculine neuter plural)
simplicī (dative feminine masculine neuter singular)
simplicibus (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
simplicem (accusative feminine masculine singular)
simplex (accusative neuter singular)
simplicēs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
simplicia (accusative neuter plural)
simplicī (ablative feminine masculine neuter singular)
simplicibus (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
simplex (feminine masculine neuter singular vocative)
simplicēs (feminine masculine plural vocative)
simplicia (neuter plural vocative)

Old Leonese:

Mirandese: simples

Old Galician-Portuguese: simplez

Portuguese: simples, símplice

→ Asturian: simple

→ Catalan: simple

→ Dutch: simpel

→ English: simplex

→ Friulian: sempliç

→ Galician: simple

→ German: simpel

→ Norwegian: simpel

→ Italian: semplice

→ Middle Low German: simpel

→ Old Swedish: simpel

Swedish: simpel
→ Finnish: simppeli

desctree

→ Old French: simple, sinple
French: simple
→ Romanian: simplu
→ Middle English: symple, simple
Scots: semple
English: simple

→ Romansch: simpel, sempel

Sicilian: sìmprici, sìmplici

→ Spanish: simple
> Chavacano: simple (inherited)

→ Proto-Brythonic: *sɨml

Middle Welsh: symyl

Welsh: syml

[ˈs̠ɪmpɫ̪ɛks̠]

From Proto-Italic *sempleks, from the same root as semel + -plex.

male crēditis hostī: simplex nōbilitās, perfida tēla cave!

You do wrong to trust the enemy: Guileless nobles, beware of treacherous weapons!

sincere, naive, frank, open, without guile, guileless, unsuspecting, innocent


aestas

la-noun

aestās f (genitive aestātis); third declension

aestās (canonical feminine)
aestātis (genitive)
aestās (nominative singular)
aestātēs (nominative plural)
aestātis (genitive singular)
aestātum (genitive plural)
aestātī (dative singular)
aestātibus (dative plural)
aestātem (accusative singular)
aestātēs (accusative plural)
aestāte (ablative singular)
aestātibus (ablative plural)
aestās (singular vocative)
aestātēs (plural vocative)

Dalmatian:

instuat

Italo-Romance:

desc

Italian: estate (learned), istate, state

Sicilian: astati

North Italian:

Friulian: istât, instât

Romansch: stad, sted

Venetian: istà

Gallo-Romance:

Old French: estet, ested, esté

French: été

Walloon: esté

Occitano-Romance:

Old Occitan: estat

Insular Romance:

Sardinian:

Logudorese: istade

Campidanese: stadi

[ˈäe̯s̠t̪äːs̠]

From Proto-Italic *aissāts, with the suffix -tāt-s restored via analogy. The root is from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eydʰ- (“burn; fire”), and has cognates in Latin aestus, perhaps aedis, Ancient Greek αἴθω (aíthō)), Old English ād (“pyre”). The noun suffix is from Proto-Indo-European *-teh₂ts.
De Vaan criticizes a prevalent simple etymology from *h₂e-h₂idʰ-teh₂t-s (with an i-reduplicated root) as unfounded, also observing -dʰt- becomes -ss- in Latin rather than -st-, preferring instead *h₂eydʰ-teh₂ts > Proto-Italic *aissāt-s, which then had the suffix -t- consonant restored.


Alpes

la-proper noun

Alpēs f pl (genitive Alpium); third declension

Alpēs (canonical feminine plural)
Alpium (genitive)
Alpēs (nominative plural)
Alpium (genitive plural)
Alpibus (dative plural)
Alpēs (accusative plural)
Alpīs (accusative plural)
Alpibus (ablative plural)
Alpēs (plural vocative)
Alpibus (locative plural)

→ Albanian: Alpe

desc

جِبَال اَلْأَلْب

→ Arabic: جِبَال اَلْأَلْب (jibāl al-ʔalb)

→ Armenian: Ալպեր (Alper)

→ Catalan: Alps

desctree

→ Dutch: Alpen
Afrikaans: Alpe
→ Indonesian: Alpen

→ Esperanto: Alpoj

→ French: Alpes
→ Belarusian: А́льпы (Álʹpy)
→ Bulgarian: А́лпи (Álpi)
→ Middle English: Alpes
English: Alps
→ Hindi: ऐल्प्स (ailps)
→ Japanese: アルプス (Arupusu)
→ Urdu: الپس (alps)
→ Macedonian: А́лпи (Álpi)
→ Ottoman Turkish: آلپ (Alp)
→ Ottoman Turkish: آلپلر (Alpler)
Turkish: Alpler
→ Persian: آلپ (âlp)
→ Romanian: Alpi
→ Russian: А́льпы (Álʹpy)
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic script: Алпи
Latin script: Ȃlpe, Alpi (Bosnia, Serbia)

→ German: Alpen

→ Greek: Άλπεις (Álpeis)

→ Hungarian: Alpok, ⇒ alpesi

→ Irish: Alpa

→ Italian: Alpi

→ Norman: Alpes

→ Occitan: Aups, Alps

→ Spanish: Alpes

→ Portuguese: Alpes

Uncertain, possibly ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂el- (“to grow, rise”) or from a non-Indo-European (perhaps pre-Roman Alpine substrate) or Celtic source (compare Proto-Celtic *albiyū f (“alp”) or Scottish Gaelic alp f (“protuberance”)).
Compare Middle High German albe (“high mountain”), whence German Alb (“mountainous area”). Potentially related to Albanus or albus (“white”).

cog

the Alps (a mountain range in Western Europe)

(with adjective) a particular portion of the Alps


aggressor

la-noun

aggressor m (genitive aggressōris); third declension

aggressōris (genitive)
aggressor (nominative singular)
aggressōrēs (nominative plural)
aggressōris (genitive singular)
aggressōrum (genitive plural)
aggressōrī (dative singular)
aggressōribus (dative plural)
aggressōrem (accusative singular)
aggressōrēs (accusative plural)
aggressōre (ablative singular)
aggressōribus (ablative plural)
aggressor (singular vocative)
aggressōrēs (plural vocative)

Catalan: agressor

English: aggressor

Middle French: aggresseur

Italian: aggressore

Portuguese: agressor

Spanish: agresor

[äɡˈɡrɛs̠ːɔr]

[äɡˈɡrɛsːor]

From aggredior (“attack, assault”) + -tor (agentive suffix).


hiems

la-noun

hiems f (genitive hiemis); third declension

hiemis (genitive)
hiems (nominative singular)
hiemēs (nominative plural)
hiemis (genitive singular)
hiemum (genitive plural)
hiemī (dative singular)
hiemibus (dative plural)
hiemem (accusative singular)
hiemēs (accusative plural)
hieme (ablative singular)
hiemibus (ablative plural)
hiems (singular vocative)
hiemēs (plural vocative)

From Proto-Italic *hiom-, from earlier *xiom- (to differentiate it from a later form *hiom- if the shift */x/ > */h/ in the Italic languages already happened during late Proto-Italic), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰéyōm.
Cognate with Ancient Greek χιών (khiṓn, “snow”), χεῖμα (kheîma, “snow”), χειμών (kheimṓn, “snow”), Persian زمستان (zemestân), Albanian dimër, Welsh gaeaf, Sanskrit हिम (himá), Hittite 𒄀𒈠𒀭 (gi-ma-an /giman/), Armenian ձմեռ (jmeṙ), and Proto-Slavic *zima.

hiemps

usual but advised against by analogist grammarians

quid, quod hiems adoperta gelū tunc dēnique cēdit, et pereunt lāpsae sōle tepente nivēs

What of the fact that then frost-covered winter finally gives way, and the snows perish, melted in the warming sun; …. (trans. Anne and Peter Wiseman, 2011)


ineffabilis

la-adj

ineffābilis (neuter ineffābile); third-declension two-termination adjective

ineffābilis (canonical)
ineffābile (neuter)
ineffābilis (feminine masculine nominative singular)
ineffābile (neuter nominative singular)
ineffābilēs (feminine masculine nominative plural)
ineffābilia (neuter nominative plural)
ineffābilis (feminine genitive masculine neuter singular)
ineffābilium (feminine genitive masculine neuter plural)
ineffābilī (dative feminine masculine neuter singular)
ineffābilibus (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
ineffābilem (accusative feminine masculine singular)
ineffābile (accusative neuter singular)
ineffābilēs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
ineffābilīs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
ineffābilia (accusative neuter plural)
ineffābilī (ablative feminine masculine neuter singular)
ineffābilibus (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
ineffābilis (feminine masculine singular vocative)
ineffābile (neuter singular vocative)
ineffābilēs (feminine masculine plural vocative)
ineffābilia (neuter plural vocative)

→ English: ineffable

→ French: ineffable

→ Italian: ineffabile

→ Portuguese: inefável

→ Spanish: inefable

→ Romanian: inefabil

[ɪnɛfˈfäːbɪlʲɪs̠]


tempestas

la-noun

tempestās f (genitive tempestātis); third declension

tempestās (canonical feminine)
tempestātis (genitive)
tempestās (nominative singular)
tempestātēs (nominative plural)
tempestātis (genitive singular)
tempestātum (genitive plural)
tempestātī (dative singular)
tempestātibus (dative plural)
tempestātem (accusative singular)
tempestātēs (accusative plural)
tempestāte (ablative singular)
tempestātibus (ablative plural)
tempestās (singular vocative)
tempestātēs (plural vocative)

Catalan: tempesta, tempestat

Dutch: tempeest

desctree

Old French: tempeste
French: tempête
→ Middle English: tempest
English: tempest
→ Middle Irish: tubaiste
Irish: tubaiste
Scottish Gaelic: tubaist

Friulian: tampieste

Galician: tempestade

Irish: timpiste

Istriot: tenpesta

Italian: tempesta

Occitan: tempèsta

Portuguese: tempestade

→ Romanian: tempestate

desc

Romansch: tempesta, tempiasta, tampeasta, tampesta

Sicilian: timpesta

Spanish: tempestad

Venetian: tenpesta, tompesta

[t̪ɛmˈpɛs̠t̪äːs̠]

portion, point, or space of time; time, season, period

(as time's physical qualities) weather (good or bad)

… Hic vastō rēx Aeolus antrō
luctantēs ventōs tempestātēsque sonōrās
imperiō premit ac vinclīs et carcere frēnat.
Here in a vast cave, King Aeolus –
struggling stormwinds! and resounding tempests! –

by [his] command represses, both with chains and a prison [he] restrains.
(Through evocative word-sounds the poet repeats the consonants “s” and “t” to portray fantastical noises caused by trapped stormwinds. See literary consonance; Aeolus (son of Hippotes).)

(figuratively) commotion, disturbance; calamity, misfortune


infelicitas

la-noun

īnfēlīcitās f (genitive īnfēlīcitātis); third declension

īnfēlīcitās (canonical feminine)
īnfēlīcitātis (genitive)
īnfēlīcitās (nominative singular)
īnfēlīcitātēs (nominative plural)
īnfēlīcitātis (genitive singular)
īnfēlīcitātum (genitive plural)
īnfēlīcitātī (dative singular)
īnfēlīcitātibus (dative plural)
īnfēlīcitātem (accusative singular)
īnfēlīcitātēs (accusative plural)
īnfēlīcitāte (ablative singular)
īnfēlīcitātibus (ablative plural)
īnfēlīcitās (singular vocative)
īnfēlīcitātēs (plural vocative)

Catalan: infelicitat

French: infélicité

Galician: infelicidade

Italian: infelicità

Portuguese: infelicidade

Spanish: infelicidad

[ĩːfeːˈlʲiːkɪt̪äːs̠]


senex

senex m or f (genitive senis); third declension

senis (genitive)
senex (nominative singular)
senēs (nominative plural)
senis (genitive singular)
senum (genitive plural)
senī (dative singular)
senibus (dative plural)
senem (accusative singular)
senēs (accusative plural)
sene (ablative singular)
senibus (ablative plural)
senex (singular vocative)
senēs (plural vocative)

Old French: sené

Borrowings:

→ English: senex

→ Italian: sene

Vulgar Latin: *senicus

Aromanian: sinrecu

Neapolitan: sanice (Old Abruzzese)

Occitan: senec, sanec

Old Italian: senici

Romanian: sânec, sinec

PIE word
 *sénos
From Proto-Italic *seneks, from Proto-Indo-European *sénos (“old”). Sihler holds the former inflection to be a consonant stem *sē, senis, with some remodeled endings taken from the antonym iuvenis; others propose an o-stem *senos (but this leaves the remade nominative singular less clearly motivated).
Nonetheless, the apparent discrepancy between the nominative senex and the oblique root sen- may reflect a Proto-Italic root *seneɣ-, which in Old Latin would yield senex in the nominative and *seneh- (later contracted to sen-) in the oblique. Cognates include Lithuanian senis (“old man”), Ancient Greek ἕνος (hénos), Old Irish sen, Proto-Brythonic *hen, Avestan 𐬵𐬀𐬥𐬀 (hana, “old”), Sanskrit सन (sána) and Gothic 𐍃𐌹𐌽𐌴𐌹𐌲𐍃 (sineigs).

[…] magno opere contemno, conlectum ex senibus desperatis, ex agresti luxuria, ex rusticis decoctoribus, ex eis qui vadimonia deserere quam illum exercitum maluerunt;

[…] I thoroughly despise that army composed of desperate old men, of clownish profligates, and uneducated spendthrifts; of those who have preferred to desert their bail rather than that army

old man, older man (typically age 40 or older; older than a iuvenis)

At quae fida fuit nulli, post victa senecta
ducit inops tremula stamina torta manu
firmaque conductis adnectit licia telis
tractaque de niveo vellere ducta putat.
Hanc animo gaudente vident iuvenumque catervae
Conmemorant merito tot mala ferre senem,
Hanc Venus exalto flentem sublimis Olympo

Spectat et, infidis quam sit acerba, monet.

(uncommon) as feminine old woman, older woman


senex

la-adj

senex (genitive senis, comparative senior); third-declension one-termination adjective (non-i-stem)

senis (genitive)
senior (comparative)
senex (feminine masculine nominative)
senēs (feminine masculine nominative)
senis (feminine genitive masculine)
senum (feminine genitive masculine)
senī (dative feminine masculine)
senibus (dative feminine masculine)
senem (accusative feminine masculine)
senēs (accusative feminine masculine)
sene (ablative feminine masculine)
senibus (ablative feminine masculine)
senex (feminine masculine vocative)
senēs (feminine masculine vocative)

Old French: sené

Spanish: sené

Sardinian:

Logudorese: sèneghe

Nuorese: sèneche

(usually of a person) old, aged, elderly


infelix

īnfēlīx (genitive īnfēlīcis, comparative īnfēlīcior, superlative īnfēlīcissimus, adverb īnfēlīciter); third-declension one-termination adjective

īnfēlīx (canonical)
īnfēlīcis (genitive)
īnfēlīcior (comparative)
īnfēlīcissimus (superlative)
īnfēlīciter (adverb)
īnfēlīx (feminine masculine neuter nominative singular)
īnfēlīcēs (feminine masculine nominative plural)
īnfēlīcia (neuter nominative plural)
īnfēlīcis (feminine genitive masculine neuter singular)
īnfēlīcium (feminine genitive masculine neuter plural)
īnfēlīcī (dative feminine masculine neuter singular)
īnfēlīcibus (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
īnfēlīcem (accusative feminine masculine singular)
īnfēlīx (accusative neuter singular)
īnfēlīcēs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
īnfēlīcia (accusative neuter plural)
īnfēlīcī (ablative feminine masculine neuter singular)
īnfēlīcibus (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
īnfēlīx (feminine masculine neuter singular vocative)
īnfēlīcēs (feminine masculine plural vocative)
īnfēlīcia (neuter plural vocative)

Italian: infelice

Portuguese: infeliz

Spanish: infeliz


-alis

-ālis (canonical)
-āle (neuter)
-ālis (feminine masculine nominative singular)
-āle (neuter nominative singular)
-ālēs (feminine masculine nominative plural)
-ālia (neuter nominative plural)
-ālis (feminine genitive masculine neuter singular)
-ālium (feminine genitive masculine neuter plural)
-ālī (dative feminine masculine neuter singular)
-ālibus (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
-ālem (accusative feminine masculine singular)
-āle (accusative neuter singular)
-ālēs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
-ālīs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
-ālia (accusative neuter plural)
-ālī (ablative feminine masculine neuter singular)
-ālibus (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
-ālis (feminine masculine singular vocative)
-āle (neuter singular vocative)
-ālēs (feminine masculine plural vocative)
-ālia (neuter plural vocative)

Aromanian: -alji, -alj

Catalan: -al, -alla

English: -al

French: -aille

desctree

French: -el
→ Danish: -el
→ Dutch: -eel
Afrikaans: -eel
→ Indonesian: -il
→ German: -ell
→ Norwegian Bokmål: -ell
→ Norwegian Nynorsk: -ell
→ Swedish: -ell
→ Turkish: -sel
→ Yiddish: ־על (-el)

→ French: -al

Norwegian Bokmål: -al

→ Turkish: -al

Friulian: -âl, -ae

Galician: -al

German: -al

Interlingua: -al

Italian: -aglia

Italian: -ale
→ Maltese: -ali

Occitan: -al, -alha

Portuguese: -al, -alha

Romanian: -aie, -ai

Sicilian: -ali

Spanish: -al

Venetian: -al, -aja, -agia

Welsh: -ol

From Proto-Indo-European *-li-, which later dissimilated into an early version of -āris (e.g., mīlitāris). Perhaps connected to *h₂el- (“to grow”) (cf. the sense of indolēs, from this root).

etymon

-ālis

anima (“breath”) + -ālis → animālis (“animate, living”)

crūra (“legs”) + -ālis → crūrālis (“pertaining to the leg, crural”)

pedēs (“feet”) + -ālis → pedālis (“pertaining to the foot”)

duo (“two”) + -ālis → duālis (“dual”)

rēx (“king, ruler”) + -ālis → rēgālis (“regal, royal”)

nātūra (“nature”) + -ālis → nātūrālis (“natural”)

Suffixed to nouns or numerals creating adjectives of relationship.

aequus (“equal in a given quality; even, level”) + -ālis → aequālis (“equal in every respect, identical in value; uniform, unvarying”)

aeternus (“having finite but long duration as if pertaining to an aetas; lasting”) + -ālis → aeternālis (“having infinite duration; everlasting, infinite”)

līber (“free, independent, unrestricted; open, unbiased”) + -ālis → līberālis (“advocating and promoting personal freedom; bountiful, generous”)

socius (“associating, sharing, partaking”) + -ālis → sociālis (“companionable; allied, confederate”)

Suffixed to adjectives creating adjectives with an intensified meaning.


duplex

la-adj

duplex (genitive duplicis, adverb dupliciter); third-declension one-termination adjective

duplicis (genitive)
dupliciter (adverb)
duplex (feminine masculine neuter nominative singular)
duplicēs (feminine masculine nominative plural)
duplicia (neuter nominative plural)
duplicis (feminine genitive masculine neuter singular)
duplicium (feminine genitive masculine neuter plural)
duplicī (dative feminine masculine neuter singular)
duplicibus (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
duplicem (accusative feminine masculine singular)
duplex (accusative neuter singular)
duplicēs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
duplicia (accusative neuter plural)
duplicī (ablative feminine masculine neuter singular)
duplicibus (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
duplex (feminine masculine neuter singular vocative)
duplicēs (feminine masculine plural vocative)
duplicia (neuter plural vocative)

Galician: dobre (possibly)

Spanish: doble (possibly)

→ English: duplex

→ French: duplex

→ Italian: duplice, duplex

→ Spanish: dúplex

[ˈd̪ʊpɫ̪ɛks̠]

[ˈd̪ʊpɫ̪ɛks̠]

From Proto-Italic *dwipleks, formed from duo (“two”) + -plex (“-fold”).

Duplex omnīnō est iocandī genus, ūnum illīberāle, petulāns, flāgitiōsum, obscēnum, alterum ēlegāns, urbānum, ingeniōsum, facētum.

In all, there are two kinds of joking: one ignoble, irreverent, shameful, obscene; the other elegant, refined, ingenious, witty.
(literally, “In all, the kind of joking is twofold: …”)


agitator

la-noun

agitātor m (genitive agitātōris); third declension

agitātor (canonical masculine)
agitātōris (genitive)
agitātor (nominative singular)
agitātōrēs (nominative plural)
agitātōris (genitive singular)
agitātōrum (genitive plural)
agitātōrī (dative singular)
agitātōribus (dative plural)
agitātōrem (accusative singular)
agitātōrēs (accusative plural)
agitātōre (ablative singular)
agitātōribus (ablative plural)
agitātor (singular vocative)
agitātōrēs (plural vocative)

→ English: agitator

→ Finnish: agitaattori

French: agitateur

Italian: agitatore

Portuguese: agitador

Romanian: agitator

→ Russian: агита́тор (agitátor)

Spanish: agitador

[äɡɪˈt̪äːt̪ɔr]

[äd͡ʒiˈt̪äːt̪or]


-itas

-itās (canonical feminine)
-itātis (genitive)
-itās (nominative singular)
-itātēs (nominative plural)
-itātis (genitive singular)
-itātum (genitive plural)
-itātī (dative singular)
-itātibus (dative plural)
-itātem (accusative singular)
-itātēs (accusative plural)
-itāte (ablative singular)
-itātibus (ablative plural)
-itās (singular vocative)
-itātēs (plural vocative)

Aromanian: -ãtati, -tati

Asturian: -idá

→ Basque: -itate

Catalan: -itat, -tat

→ Danish: -itet

→ Dutch: -iteit, -teit

→ Indonesian: -itet

French: -ité, -eté, -té

→ English: -ity, -ty

→ Malay: -iti

→ Turkish: -ite

Friulian: -itât, -tât

→ German: -ität

→ Indonesian: -itas

Italian: -ità, -tà, -itade, -tade

→ Latvian: -itāte

→ Norwegian Bokmål: -itet

→ Bulgarian: -итет (-itet)

Occitan: -itat, -ita

Portuguese: -idade, -dade

Romanian: -itate, -ătate, -tate

Sicilian: -ità, -itati

Spanish: -idad, -edad, -tad

→ Swedish: -itet

First from Proto-Italic *-itāts and *-otāts, i.e. -tās added to i-stems or o-stems, later used freely. Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *-teh₂ts.

amārus (“bitter, pungent”) + -itas → amāritās (“bitterness”)

ūnus (“one”) + -itas → ūnitās (“unity, oneness”)

cīvis (“citizen”) + -itas → cīvitās (“citizenship”)

fidēlis (“faithful”) + -itas → fidēlitās (“fidelity, faithfulness”)

trīni (“three each”) + -itas → trīnitās (“trinity, threeness”)

vēlōx (“swift, quick”) + -itas → vēlōcitās (“velocity, swiftness”)


cantor

cantor m (genitive cantōris, feminine cantrīx); third declension

cantōris (genitive)
cantrīx (feminine)
cantor (nominative singular)
cantōrēs (nominative plural)
cantōris (genitive singular)
cantōrum (genitive plural)
cantōrī (dative singular)
cantōribus (dative plural)
cantōrem (accusative singular)
cantōrēs (accusative plural)
cantōre (ablative singular)
cantōribus (ablative plural)
cantor (singular vocative)
cantōrēs (plural vocative)

Asturian: cantor

Catalan: cantor

English: cantor

French: chantre, chanteur

Friulian: cjantôr

Galician: cantor

Italian: cantore

Norman: chanteux

Portuguese: cantor

Romanian: cantor

Sardinian: cantore, cantori

Spanish: cantor

Swedish: kantor

Venetian: cantor

Walloons: tchanteu

vel audire possum ultra vocem cantorum atque cantricum?

Can I still hear the voices of male and female singers?


calix

calix m (genitive calicis); third declension

calicis (genitive)
calix (nominative singular)
calicēs (nominative plural)
calicis (genitive singular)
calicum (genitive plural)
calicī (dative singular)
calicibus (dative plural)
calicem (accusative singular)
calicēs (accusative plural)
calice (ablative singular)
calicibus (ablative plural)
calix (singular vocative)
calicēs (plural vocative)

Italian: calice

Old Occitan:

Catalan: calze

Occitan: calici

Spanish: cauce

→ Albanian: qelq

→ Old French: chalice (learned) (see there for further descendants)

→ Old Galician-Portuguese: caliz, calez (semi-learned)

Galician: cáliz

Portuguese: cálice

→ Serbo-Croatian: kalež

→ Spanish: cáliz

→ Proto-West Germanic: *kalik (see there for further descendants)

From Proto-Italic *skalik-, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kel-. Compare Umbrian skalçeta (“sacrifical vessel”).


strategema

stratēgēma n (genitive stratēgēmatis); third declension

stratēgēma (canonical neuter)
stratēgēmatis (genitive)
stratēgēma (nominative singular)
stratēgēmata (nominative plural)
stratēgēmatis (genitive singular)
stratēgēmatum (genitive plural)
stratēgēmatī (dative singular)
stratēgēmatibus (dative plural)
stratēgēma (accusative singular)
stratēgēmata (accusative plural)
stratēgēmate (ablative singular)
stratēgēmatibus (ablative plural)
stratēgēma (singular vocative)
stratēgēmata (plural vocative)

Catalan: estratagema

Old French: stratageme

→ Middle English: *stratageme

English: stratagem

French: stratagème

Italian: stratagemma

Portuguese: estratagema

Sicilian: strataggema

Spanish: estratagema

[s̠t̪rät̪eːˈɡeːmä]

[st̪rät̪eˈd͡ʒɛːmä]

From Ancient Greek στρατήγημα (stratḗgēma).


machinalis

la-adj

māchinālis (neuter māchināle); third-declension two-termination adjective

māchinālis (canonical)
māchināle (neuter)
māchinālis (feminine masculine nominative singular)
māchināle (neuter nominative singular)
māchinālēs (feminine masculine nominative plural)
māchinālia (neuter nominative plural)
māchinālis (feminine genitive masculine neuter singular)
māchinālium (feminine genitive masculine neuter plural)
māchinālī (dative feminine masculine neuter singular)
māchinālibus (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
māchinālem (accusative feminine masculine singular)
māchināle (accusative neuter singular)
māchinālēs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
māchinālīs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
māchinālia (accusative neuter plural)
māchinālī (ablative feminine masculine neuter singular)
māchinālibus (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
māchinālis (feminine masculine singular vocative)
māchināle (neuter singular vocative)
māchinālēs (feminine masculine plural vocative)
māchinālia (neuter plural vocative)

Inherited:

Mozarabic:

→ Andalusian Arabic: mağinar

→ Spanish: mechinal (“putlog hole”)

Learned borrowings:

→ Catalan: maquinal

→ French: machinal

→ Catalan: mașinal

→ Galician: maquinal

→ Italian: macchinale

→ Portuguese: maquinal

→ Spanish: maquinal

[mäːkʰɪˈnäːlʲɪs̠]

From māchina (“scaffolding, engine”) + -ālis.


adagio

la-noun

adā̆giō f (genitive adā̆giōnis); third declension

adā̆giō (canonical feminine)
adā̆giōnis (genitive)
adā̆giō (nominative singular)
adā̆giōnēs (nominative plural)
adā̆giōnis (genitive singular)
adā̆giōnum (genitive plural)
adā̆giōnī (dative singular)
adā̆giōnibus (dative plural)
adā̆giōnem (accusative singular)
adā̆giōnēs (accusative plural)
adā̆giōne (ablative singular)
adā̆giōnibus (ablative plural)
adā̆giō (singular vocative)
adā̆giōnēs (plural vocative)


machinatio

māchinātiō f (genitive māchinātiōnis); third declension

māchinātiō (canonical feminine)
māchinātiōnis (genitive)
māchinātiō (nominative singular)
māchinātiōnēs (nominative plural)
māchinātiōnis (genitive singular)
māchinātiōnum (genitive plural)
māchinātiōnī (dative singular)
māchinātiōnibus (dative plural)
māchinātiōnem (accusative singular)
māchinātiōnēs (accusative plural)
māchinātiōne (ablative singular)
māchinātiōnibus (ablative plural)
māchinātiō (singular vocative)
māchinātiōnēs (plural vocative)

→ Catalan: maquinació

→ English: machination

→ French: machination

→ Romanian: mașinație

→ Galician: maquinación

→ Italian: macchinazione

→ Occitan: maquinacion

→ Portuguese: maquinação

→ Romanian: mașinație

→ Spanish: maquinación

[mäːkʰɪˈnäːt̪ioː]

From māchinor (“contrive, design”) + -tiō.


senior

senius (neuter)
senior (feminine masculine nominative singular)
senius (neuter nominative singular)
seniōrēs (feminine masculine nominative plural)
seniōra (neuter nominative plural)
seniōris (feminine genitive masculine neuter singular)
seniōrum (feminine genitive masculine neuter plural)
seniōrī (dative feminine masculine neuter singular)
seniōribus (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
seniōrem (accusative feminine masculine singular)
senius (accusative neuter singular)
seniōrēs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
seniōra (accusative neuter plural)
seniōre (ablative feminine masculine neuter singular)
seniōribus (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
senior (feminine masculine singular vocative)
senius (neuter singular vocative)
seniōrēs (feminine masculine plural vocative)
seniōra (neuter plural vocative)

comparative degree of senex
older, elder; rather old


senior

senior m (genitive seniōris); third declension

seniōris (genitive)
senior (nominative singular)
seniōrēs (nominative plural)
seniōris (genitive singular)
seniōrum (genitive plural)
seniōrī (dative singular)
seniōribus (dative plural)
seniōrem (accusative singular)
seniōrēs (accusative plural)
seniōre (ablative singular)
seniōribus (ablative plural)
senior (singular vocative)
seniōrēs (plural vocative)

Aragonese: sinyor

Dalmatian: sinaur, sinar

Friulian: signôr, siôr

Italian: signore

Old French: seignor

Middle French: seigneur

French: seigneur

→ English: seigneur

Old French: sire

→ French: sieur, sire, monsieur

→ English: sire, sir

→ Italian: sere, sire

Old French: sendra

desctree

Old Galician-Portuguese: senhor
Galician: señor, señora
Portuguese: senhor, senhora (see there for further descendants)

Old Lombard: segnior

Old Occitan: senhor, segnor
Occitan: sénher, senhor, signour

Old Spanish: sennor
Ladino: sinyor
Spanish: señor

Romagnol: signôr, sgnôr, Signôr

Romansch: signur

desc

Sardinian: sannori, segnore, segnori, sennore

Venetian: sior

Borrowings:

→ English: senior

→ French: senior

→ Polish: senior

→ Portuguese: sénior, sênior (Brazil)

→ Romanian: senior

→ Spanish: senior

old person, old man, older person, older man


-or

-ōris (genitive)
-or (nominative singular)
-ōrēs (nominative plural)
-ōris (genitive singular)
-ōrum (genitive plural)
-ōrī (dative singular)
-ōribus (dative plural)
-ōrem (accusative singular)
-ōrēs (accusative plural)
-ōre (ablative singular)
-ōribus (ablative plural)
-or (singular vocative)
-ōrēs (plural vocative)

Italo-Romance: m

Italian: -ore

Gallo-Romance: f

Catalan: -or

Franco-Provençal: -or

French: -eur

Occitan: -or

Ibero-Romance: m

Spanish: -or

From Proto-Italic *-ōs, from Proto-Indo-European *-ōs, for original *-oss, compound suffix from *(é)-os (athematic) (neuter s-stem) + *-s (masculine nominative).
The ō from the nominative case was made common to all cases originally with non-ablauting o (the three exceptions were arbor, mulier and Cerēs). Afterwards nom.sg. -ōr > -or, by Latin sound laws. Thus paradoxically, as in other r-stems (soror, -tor), in the resulting paradigm the one form with a short stem vowel is the only form whose stem was etymologically long.

af

amō (“I love”) + -or → amor (“love”)

timeō (“I fear”, “I am afraid”) + -or → timor (“fear”)

third-declension
Appendix:Latin third declension#English

used to form a third-declension masculine abstract noun from a verb root or conceived root form


dorcas

la-noun

dorcas f (genitive dorcadis); third declension

dorcadis (genitive)
dorcas (nominative singular)
dorcadēs (nominative plural)
dorcadis (genitive singular)
dorcadum (genitive plural)
dorcadī (dative singular)
dorcadibus (dative plural)
dorcadem (accusative singular)
dorcadēs (accusative plural)
dorcade (ablative singular)
dorcadibus (ablative plural)
dorcas (singular vocative)
dorcadēs (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek δορκάς (dorkás).


Amazon

Amāzōn f (genitive Amāzonis); third declension

Amāzōn (canonical feminine)
Amāzonis (genitive)
Amāzōn (nominative singular)
Amāzones (nominative plural)
Amāzonis (genitive singular)
Amāzonum (genitive plural)
Amāzonī (dative singular)
Amāzonibus (dative plural)
Amāzonem (accusative singular)
Amāzona (accusative singular)
Amāzonas (accusative plural)
Amāzone (ablative singular)
Amāzonibus (ablative plural)
Amāzōn (singular vocative)
Amāzones (plural vocative)

[äˈmäːz̪d̪͡z̪oːn]

[äˈmäd̪ː͡z̪on]


-io

-iō (canonical feminine)
-iōnis (genitive)
-iō (nominative singular)
-iōnēs (nominative plural)
-iōnis (genitive singular)
-iōnum (genitive plural)
-iōnī (dative singular)
-iōnibus (dative plural)
-iōnem (accusative singular)
-iōnēs (accusative plural)
-iōne (ablative singular)
-iōnibus (ablative plural)
-iō (singular vocative)
-iōnēs (plural vocative)


-io

-iō (canonical masculine)
-iōnis (genitive)
-iō (nominative singular)
-iōnēs (nominative plural)
-iōnis (genitive singular)
-iōnum (genitive plural)
-iōnī (dative singular)
-iōnibus (dative plural)
-iōnem (accusative singular)
-iōnēs (accusative plural)
-iōne (ablative singular)
-iōnibus (ablative plural)
-iō (singular vocative)
-iōnēs (plural vocative)

Extension of -ō (possibly by rebracketing).

Suffixed to noun or adjective stems, forms various nouns designating persons that are characterized by or related to the base word, such as nicknames or names of professions.

Suffixed to noun or adjective stems, forms certain nouns designating things; often described as a kind of diminutive.


cornipes

la-adj

cornipēs (genitive cornipedis); third-declension one-termination adjective

cornipēs (canonical)
cornipedis (genitive)
cornipēs (feminine masculine neuter nominative singular)
cornipedēs (feminine masculine nominative plural)
cornipedia (neuter nominative plural)
cornipedis (feminine genitive masculine neuter singular)
cornipedium (feminine genitive masculine neuter plural)
cornipedī (dative feminine masculine neuter singular)
cornipedibus (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
cornipedem (accusative feminine masculine singular)
cornipēs (accusative neuter singular)
cornipedēs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
cornipedia (accusative neuter plural)
cornipedī (ablative feminine masculine neuter singular)
cornipedibus (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
cornipēs (feminine masculine neuter singular vocative)
cornipedēs (feminine masculine plural vocative)
cornipedia (neuter plural vocative)


cornipes

la-noun

cornipēs m (genitive cornipedis); third declension

cornipēs (canonical masculine)
cornipedis (genitive)
cornipēs (nominative singular)
cornipedēs (nominative plural)
cornipedis (genitive singular)
cornipedum (genitive plural)
cornipedī (dative singular)
cornipedibus (dative plural)
cornipedem (accusative singular)
cornipedēs (accusative plural)
cornipede (ablative singular)
cornipedibus (ablative plural)
cornipēs (singular vocative)
cornipedēs (plural vocative)


centiceps

la-adj

centiceps (genitive centicipitis); third-declension one-termination adjective

centicipitis (genitive)
centiceps (feminine masculine neuter nominative singular)
centicipitēs (feminine masculine nominative plural)
centicipitia (neuter nominative plural)
centicipitis (feminine genitive masculine neuter singular)
centicipitium (feminine genitive masculine neuter plural)
centicipitī (dative feminine masculine neuter singular)
centicipitibus (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
centicipitem (accusative feminine masculine singular)
centiceps (accusative neuter singular)
centicipitēs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
centicipitia (accusative neuter plural)
centicipitī (ablative feminine masculine neuter singular)
centicipitibus (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
centiceps (feminine masculine neuter singular vocative)
centicipitēs (feminine masculine plural vocative)
centicipitia (neuter plural vocative)

From centum (“hundred”) + -ceps (“headed”).


fons

la-noun

fōns m (genitive fontis); third declension

fōns (canonical masculine)
fontis (genitive)
fōns (nominative singular)
fontēs (nominative plural)
fontis (genitive singular)
fontium (genitive plural)
fontī (dative singular)
fontibus (dative plural)
fontem (accusative singular)
fontēs (accusative plural)
fontīs (accusative plural)
fonte (ablative singular)
fontibus (ablative plural)
fōns (singular vocative)
fontēs (plural vocative)

Aragonese: fuent

Asturian: fonte f, fuente f

Catalan: font f

Extremaduran: fuenti, huenti

Franco-Provençal: font

French: fonts m pl

Italian: fonte f

Leonese: fonte

Mirandese: fuonte f

Occitan: fònt f

desctree

Old Galician-Portuguese: fonte f
Galician: fonte f
Portuguese: fonte f

Sicilian: funti

Spanish: fuente f

Venetian: fontego

→ Old English: font

Middle English: font

English: font

From Proto-Italic *fonts, from earlier *θonts, from a Proto-Indo-European root cognate with Sanskrit धन्वति (dhanvati, “flows, runs”), perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *dʰónh₂-ti-s, from *dʰenh₂- (“to flow”). See also Danube.

cog

(poetic, usually in the plural) the water or waters of a river, sea etc.

(by metonymy) a well, fountain or font (a large container where water pools)

(Christianity) the baptismal font (a pool or basin of water used for baptism)

(by extension) the origin or source of a river (also figuratively)


icas

la-noun

īcas f (genitive īcadis); third declension

īcas (canonical feminine)
īcadis (genitive)
īcas (nominative singular)
īcadēs (nominative plural)
īcadis (genitive singular)
īcadum (genitive plural)
īcadī (dative singular)
īcadibus (dative plural)
īcadem (accusative singular)
īcadēs (accusative plural)
īcade (ablative singular)
īcadibus (ablative plural)
īcas (singular vocative)
īcadēs (plural vocative)

The 20th day of the month, a festival honoring Epicurus.


tribas

tribas f (genitive tribadis); third declension

tribadis (genitive)
tribas (nominative singular)
tribadēs (nominative plural)
tribadis (genitive singular)
tribadum (genitive plural)
tribadī (dative singular)
tribadibus (dative plural)
tribadem (accusative singular)
tribadēs (accusative plural)
tribade (ablative singular)
tribadibus (ablative plural)
tribas (singular vocative)
tribadēs (plural vocative)

English: tribade, tribadism

From Ancient Greek τριβάς (tribás), from τρίβω (tríbō, “to rub”).


dyodecas

dyōdecas f (genitive dyōdecadis); third declension

dyōdecas (canonical feminine)
dyōdecadis (genitive)
dyōdecas (nominative singular)
dyōdecadēs (nominative plural)
dyōdecadis (genitive singular)
dyōdecadum (genitive plural)
dyōdecadī (dative singular)
dyōdecadibus (dative plural)
dyōdecadem (accusative singular)
dyōdecadēs (accusative plural)
dyōdecade (ablative singular)
dyōdecadibus (ablative plural)
dyōdecas (singular vocative)
dyōdecadēs (plural vocative)


elixir

elixir n (genitive elixiris); third declension

elixiris (genitive)
elixir (nominative singular)
elixira (nominative plural)
elixiris (genitive singular)
elixirium (genitive plural)
elixirum (genitive plural)
elixirī (dative singular)
elixiribus (dative plural)
elixir (accusative singular)
elixira (accusative plural)
elixire (ablative singular)
elixiribus (ablative plural)
elixir (singular vocative)
elixira (plural vocative)

Old French: elixir

French: élixir

→ Middle English: elixir, elixer

English: elixir

[ɛˈlʲɪks̠ɪr]

From Arabic اَلْإِكْسِير (al-ʔiksīr), from Koine Greek ξηρίον (xēríon, “medicinal powder”), ellipsis of ξηρίον φάρμακον (xēríon phármakon, literally “dry powder medicine”) from Ancient Greek ξηρός (xērós, “dry”).

der

اَلْإِكْسِير

ellipsis

ξηρίον φάρμακον


duodecas

la-noun

duōdecas f (genitive duōdecadis); third declension

duōdecas (canonical feminine)
duōdecadis (genitive)
duōdecas (nominative singular)
duōdecadēs (nominative plural)
duōdecadis (genitive singular)
duōdecadum (genitive plural)
duōdecadī (dative singular)
duōdecadibus (dative plural)
duōdecadem (accusative singular)
duōdecadēs (accusative plural)
duōdecade (ablative singular)
duōdecadibus (ablative plural)
duōdecas (singular vocative)
duōdecadēs (plural vocative)

→ English: duodecade

Borrowed from Ancient Greek δυωδεκάς (duōdekás), variant of δωδεκάς (dōdekás).


chilias

la-noun

chīlias f (genitive chīliadis); third declension

chīlias (canonical feminine)
chīliadis (genitive)
chīlias (nominative singular)
chīliadēs (nominative plural)
chīliadis (genitive singular)
chīliadum (genitive plural)
chīliadī (dative singular)
chīliadibus (dative plural)
chīliadem (accusative singular)
chīliadēs (accusative plural)
chīliade (ablative singular)
chīliadibus (ablative plural)
chīlias (singular vocative)
chīliadēs (plural vocative)

English: chiliad

French: chiliade

From Ancient Greek χῑλιάς (khīliás, “a thousand”).


semimas

la-noun

sēmimās m (genitive sēmimaris); third declension

sēmimās (canonical masculine)
sēmimaris (genitive)
sēmimās (nominative singular)
sēmimarēs (nominative plural)
sēmimaris (genitive singular)
sēmimarum (genitive plural)
sēmimarī (dative singular)
sēmimaribus (dative plural)
sēmimarem (accusative singular)
sēmimarēs (accusative plural)
sēmimare (ablative singular)
sēmimaribus (ablative plural)
sēmimās (singular vocative)
sēmimarēs (plural vocative)

[ˈs̠eːmɪmäːs̠]

Literally "half-male", from sēmi- (“half”) + mās (“a male”).


portabilis

la-adj

portābilis (neuter portābile); third-declension two-termination adjective

portābilis (canonical)
portābile (neuter)
portābilis (feminine masculine nominative singular)
portābile (neuter nominative singular)
portābilēs (feminine masculine nominative plural)
portābilia (neuter nominative plural)
portābilis (feminine genitive masculine neuter singular)
portābilium (feminine genitive masculine neuter plural)
portābilī (dative feminine masculine neuter singular)
portābilibus (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
portābilem (accusative feminine masculine singular)
portābile (accusative neuter singular)
portābilēs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
portābilīs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
portābilia (accusative neuter plural)
portābilī (ablative feminine masculine neuter singular)
portābilibus (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
portābilis (feminine masculine singular vocative)
portābile (neuter singular vocative)
portābilēs (feminine masculine plural vocative)
portābilia (neuter plural vocative)

Catalan: portable

English: portable

French: portable

Italian: portabile

Occitan: portable

Portuguese: portável

Romanian: purtabil

Sicilian: purtàbbili

Spanish: portable

[pɔrˈt̪äːbɪlʲɪs̠]

From portō (“to carry, convey”) + -bilis.


cinyphes

la-noun

cinyphēs f pl (genitive cinyphum); third declension

cinyphēs (canonical feminine plural)
cinyphum (genitive)
cinyphēs (nominative plural)
cinyphum (genitive plural)
cinyphibus (dative plural)
cinyphēs (accusative plural)
cinyphibus (ablative plural)
cinyphēs (plural vocative)

Alternative spelling of cinifēs (“stinging insects”)


aegis

aegis f (genitive aegidos or aegidis); third declension

aegidos (genitive)
aegidis (genitive)
aegis (nominative singular)
aegides (nominative plural)
aegidēs (nominative plural)
aegidos (genitive singular)
aegidis (genitive singular)
aegidum (genitive plural)
aegidī (dative singular)
aegidibus (dative plural)
aegida (accusative singular)
aegidem (accusative singular)
aegidas (accusative plural)
aegidēs (accusative plural)
aegide (ablative singular)
aegidibus (ablative plural)
aegis (singular vocative)
aegi (singular vocative)
aegides (plural vocative)
aegidēs (plural vocative)

Catalan: ègida

English: aegis

French: égide

German: → Ägis, → Ägide
→ Ukrainian: егі́да (ehída)

Italian: egida

→ Polish: egida

Portuguese: égide

Romanian: egidă

Russian: эги́да (egída)

Sicilian: èggida

Spanish: égida

the aegis, or shield. See Aegis; αἰγίς.
of Zeus or Jupiter

… Pallās, prō ducibus nostrīs aegida semper habē.

… Pallas, always hold your aegis before our leaders.
(‘‘Pallas’’ was an epithet for the Greek goddess Athena, syncretized with the Roman goddess Minerva.

the aegis, or shield. See Aegis; αἰγίς.
of Athena or Minerva

transferred senses
transferred sense#English

(transferred senses):
a shield, a defence; protection

(in the writings of Ovid) the jewelry by which maidens try to conceal their ugliness


decas

decas f (genitive decadis); third declension

decadis (genitive)
decas (nominative singular)
decadēs (nominative plural)
decadis (genitive singular)
decadum (genitive plural)
decadī (dative singular)
decadibus (dative plural)
decadem (accusative singular)
decadēs (accusative plural)
decade (ablative singular)
decadibus (ablative plural)
decas (singular vocative)
decadēs (plural vocative)

→ Afrikaans: dekade

→ Albanian: dekada

→ Alemannic German: Dekade

Aragonese: decada

Asturian: década

→ Bavarian: Dekade

→ Belarusian: дэкада (dekada)

→ Breton: degad

→ Bulgarian: декада (dekada)

Catalan: dècada

→ Czech: dekáda

→ Danish: dekade

→ Dutch: decade

→ English: decade

→ Esperanto: dekado

→ Estonian: dekaad

→ Finnish: dekadi

French: décade

→ Romanian: decadă

→ Galician: década

→ German: Dekade

→ Indonesian: dekade

→ Interlingua: decade

Italian: decade, deca

→ Latvian: dekāde

→ Macedonian: декада (dekada)

→ Malay: dekad

Neapolitan: decade

→ Norwegian: dekade

Occitan: decada

→ Ossetian: декадӕ (dekadæ)

→ Polish: dekada

→ Portuguese: década

→ Russian: декада (dekada)

→ Scottish Gaelic: deichead

→ Serbo-Croatian: декада (dekada)

Sicilian: deca

→ Silesian: dekada

→ Slovak: dekáda

→ Slovene: dekada

Spanish: década

→ Sundanese: dékade

→ Swedish: dekad

→ Tagalog: dekada

→ Ukrainian: декада (dekada)

Venetian: decade

→ Welsh: degawd


monas

monas f (genitive monadis); third declension

monadis (genitive)
monas (nominative singular)
monadēs (nominative plural)
monadis (genitive singular)
monadum (genitive plural)
monadī (dative singular)
monadibus (dative plural)
monadem (accusative singular)
monadēs (accusative plural)
monade (ablative singular)
monadibus (ablative plural)
monas (singular vocative)
monadēs (plural vocative)

From Ancient Greek μονάς (monás, “unit”).


trias

trias f (genitive triadis); third declension

triadis (genitive)
trias (nominative singular)
triadēs (nominative plural)
triadis (genitive singular)
triadum (genitive plural)
triadī (dative singular)
triadibus (dative plural)
triadem (accusative singular)
triadēs (accusative plural)
triade (ablative singular)
triadibus (ablative plural)
trias (singular vocative)
triadēs (plural vocative)

Catalan: tríada

English: triad

French: triade

Italian: triade

Spanish: tríada

Borrowed from Ancient Greek τριάς (triás).


hirudo

hirūdō f (genitive hirūdinis); third declension

hirūdō (canonical feminine)
hirūdinis (genitive)
hirūdō (nominative singular)
hirūdinēs (nominative plural)
hirūdinis (genitive singular)
hirūdinum (genitive plural)
hirūdinī (dative singular)
hirūdinibus (dative plural)
hirūdinem (accusative singular)
hirūdinēs (accusative plural)
hirūdine (ablative singular)
hirūdinibus (ablative plural)
hirūdō (singular vocative)
hirūdinēs (plural vocative)

English: hirudin, hirudinoid

Esperanto: hirudo

Translingual: Hirudo

Italian: irudine

Occitan: iruge

Portuguese: hirudíneo

Spanish: hirudíneo

Unknown. Stifter suggests it may be related to Old Irish giritán “periwinkle”.


gryps

grȳps m (genitive grȳpis); third declension

grȳps (canonical masculine)
grȳpis (genitive)
grȳps (nominative singular)
grȳpēs (nominative plural)
grȳpes (nominative plural)
grȳpis (genitive singular)
grȳpium (genitive plural)
grȳpī (dative singular)
grȳpibus (dative plural)
grȳpem (accusative singular)
grȳpēs (accusative plural)
grȳpīs (accusative plural)
grypas (accusative plural)
grȳpe (ablative singular)
grȳpibus (ablative plural)
grȳps (singular vocative)
grȳpēs (plural vocative)
grȳpes (plural vocative)

Asturian: grifu

Catalan: griu, grif, grifó

Danish: grib

Italian: grifone, grifo

Norwegian: gribb

desctree

Old French: griffon, gripun, gripoun
Middle English: griffoun, griphon, grefoun, gryffoun, gryffone, gryffon, grifown, griphonne, gryffyn, griffone, grefyne
English: griffin, griffon, gryphon
French: griffon

Old High German: grifo
Middle High German: grīfe
German: Greif

Old Irish: gríb
Irish: gríobh
Manx: greeu
Scottish Gaelic: grib

Portuguese: grifo

Spanish: grifo


Beelzebul

la-proper noun

Beelzebul m (genitive Beelzebūlis); third declension

Beelzebūlis (genitive)
Beelzebul (nominative singular)
Beelzebūlēs (nominative plural)
Beelzebūlis (genitive singular)
Beelzebūlum (genitive plural)
Beelzebūlī (dative singular)
Beelzebūlibus (dative plural)
Beelzebūlem (accusative singular)
Beelzebūlēs (accusative plural)
Beelzebūle (ablative singular)
Beelzebūlibus (ablative plural)
Beelzebul (singular vocative)
Beelzebūlēs (plural vocative)

[beˈɛɫ̪d̪͡z̪ɛbʊɫ̪]

From Ba'al Zebul, meaning Lord of the Dwelling.


palus

la-noun

palūs f (genitive palūdis); third declension

palūs (canonical feminine)
palūdis (genitive)
palūs (nominative singular)
palūdēs (nominative plural)
palūdis (genitive singular)
palūdum (genitive plural)
palūdī (dative singular)
palūdibus (dative plural)
palūdem (accusative singular)
palūdēs (accusative plural)
palūde (ablative singular)
palūdibus (ablative plural)
palūs (singular vocative)
palūdēs (plural vocative)

Italo-Romance:

Italian: palude

North Italian:

Istriot: paloû

Ladin: paluk, palú

Lombard: palut

Piedmontese: palú

desc

Romansch: palieu, paleu, pale, palukt, palü

Venetian: palude

Gallo-Romance:

Old French: palu

French: palud, palus

Norman: palu

Old Gascon: palu

Old Occitan: palut, palus

Borrowings:

→ French: palude

→ Portuguese: palude

→ Romanian: paludă

→ Spanish: palude

Balkan Romance: (with a semantic shift to "forest")

Aromanian: pãduri

Megleno-Romanian: păduri

Romanian: pădure

→ Proto-Albanian: *pëdyll, *pëýll

Albanian: pyll

Italo-Romance:

Corsican: padula

Italian: padule

Neapolitan: padula

Sicilian: padula

Insular Romance:

Sardinian: padule, paule, pauli

North Italian:

Lombard: padum

Old Ligurian: paú

Ligurian: padú (outside influence?)

Gallo-Romance:

Old Catalan: paul

Catalan: Paül (toponym)

Ibero-Romance:

Mozarabic: *padul

→ Spanish: Padul, Padules (southern toponyms)

Navarro-Aragonese: padul

Portuguese: paul

Spanish: paúl

→ Basque: padura, fadura

From Proto-Italic *palūts, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *pelH- (“pale, gray”) (presumably with semantic shift "gray" > "swamp", though this is semantically tenuous). Either way, related to Latvian peļķe (“puddle”), Lithuanian pelkė (“marsh”), Sanskrit पल्वल (palvala, “pool, pond”), and possibly Ancient Greek πηλός (pēlós, “mud, earth, clay”).


tenor

la-noun

tenor m (genitive tenōris); third declension

tenōris (genitive)
tenor (nominative singular)
tenōrēs (nominative plural)
tenōris (genitive singular)
tenōrum (genitive plural)
tenōrī (dative singular)
tenōribus (dative plural)
tenōrem (accusative singular)
tenōrēs (accusative plural)
tenōre (ablative singular)
tenōribus (ablative plural)
tenor (singular vocative)
tenōrēs (plural vocative)

Catalan: tenor

Old French: tenor

French: teneur, ténor

→ Dutch: teneur

→ English: tenor

Galician: teor

German: Tenor

→ Icelandic: tenór

Italian: tenore
→ Portuguese: tenor

Portuguese: teor

Sicilian: tinuri

Spanish: tenor

teneō (“to hold”) + -or (“abstract noun suffix”)

af

a sustained, continuous course or movement, a continuity of events, conditions etc. or way of proceeding

a line of reasoning, point, gist of an utterance in so far as it decides legal questions whether individually or generally, a provision (either its wording or its meaning)

a tone (of sound or color); stress (of the voice)


incursio

la-noun

incursiō f (genitive incursiōnis); third declension

incursiō (canonical feminine)
incursiōnis (genitive)
incursiō (nominative singular)
incursiōnēs (nominative plural)
incursiōnis (genitive singular)
incursiōnum (genitive plural)
incursiōnī (dative singular)
incursiōnibus (dative plural)
incursiōnem (accusative singular)
incursiōnēs (accusative plural)
incursiōne (ablative singular)
incursiōnibus (ablative plural)
incursiō (singular vocative)
incursiōnēs (plural vocative)

Catalan: incursió

English: incursion

French: incursion

Italian: incursione

Portuguese: incursão

Spanish: incursión


semihomo

sēmihomō m (genitive sēmihominis); third declension

sēmihomō (canonical masculine)
sēmihominis (genitive)
sēmihomō (nominative singular)
sēmihominēs (nominative plural)
sēmihominis (genitive singular)
sēmihominum (genitive plural)
sēmihominī (dative singular)
sēmihominibus (dative plural)
sēmihominem (accusative singular)
sēmihominēs (accusative plural)
sēmihomine (ablative singular)
sēmihominibus (ablative plural)
sēmihomō (singular vocative)
sēmihominēs (plural vocative)


phago

phagō m (genitive phagōnis); third declension

phagō (canonical masculine)
phagōnis (genitive)
phagō (nominative singular)
phagōnēs (nominative plural)
phagōnis (genitive singular)
phagōnum (genitive plural)
phagōnī (dative singular)
phagōnibus (dative plural)
phagōnem (accusative singular)
phagōnēs (accusative plural)
phagōne (ablative singular)
phagōnibus (ablative plural)
phagō (singular vocative)
phagōnēs (plural vocative)

From Ancient Greek φαγών (phagṓn) or Ancient Greek φάγος (phágos).


rancor

rancor m (genitive rancōris); third declension

rancōris (genitive)
rancor (nominative singular)
rancōrēs (nominative plural)
rancōris (genitive singular)
rancōrum (genitive plural)
rancōrī (dative singular)
rancōribus (dative plural)
rancōrem (accusative singular)
rancōrēs (accusative plural)
rancōre (ablative singular)
rancōribus (ablative plural)
rancor (singular vocative)
rancōrēs (plural vocative)

Portuguese: rancor

Spanish: rencor

Catalan: rancor

Galician: rancor

Occitan: rancur

Old French: rancor, rancure

Dutch: rankeur

English: rancor, rancour

French: rancœur, rancune

Italian: rancore

ranceō (“I am rotten, putrid”) + -or (“-ness”, abstract noun suffix)


prognosis

la-noun

prognōsis f (genitive prognōsis); third declension

prognōsis (canonical feminine)
prognōsis (genitive)
prognōsis (nominative singular)
prognōsēs (nominative plural)
prognōsis (genitive singular)
prognōsium (genitive plural)
prognōsī (dative singular)
prognōsibus (dative plural)
prognōsem (accusative singular)
prognōsēs (accusative plural)
prognōsīs (accusative plural)
prognōse (ablative singular)
prognōsibus (ablative plural)
prognōsis (singular vocative)
prognōsēs (plural vocative)

→ Catalan: prognosi (learned)

→ English: prognosis

→ Esperanto: prognozo

→ Finnish: prognoosi

→ German: Prognose

→ Hungarian: prognózis

→ Italian: prognosi (learned)

→ Latvian: prognoze

→ Norman: prog'nose (learned) (Jersey)

→ Norwegian Bokmål: prognose

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: prognose

→ Polish: prognoza

→ Portuguese: prognose (learned)

→ Romanian: prognoza

→ Serbo-Croatian: prognóza

→ Swedish: prognos

Borrowed from Ancient Greek πρόγνωσις (prógnōsis, “forecast of the course and outcome of a disease; (Koine) foreknowledge, perceiving beforehand, prediction”).


quadrupes

la-adj

quadrupēs (genitive quadrupedis); third-declension one-termination adjective

quadrupēs (canonical)
quadrupedis (genitive)
quadrupēs (feminine masculine neuter nominative singular)
quadrupedēs (feminine masculine nominative plural)
quadrupedia (neuter nominative plural)
quadrupedis (feminine genitive masculine neuter singular)
quadrupedium (feminine genitive masculine neuter plural)
quadrupedī (dative feminine masculine neuter singular)
quadrupedibus (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
quadrupedem (accusative feminine masculine singular)
quadrupēs (accusative neuter singular)
quadrupedēs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
quadrupedia (accusative neuter plural)
quadrupedī (ablative feminine masculine neuter singular)
quadrupedibus (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
quadrupēs (feminine masculine neuter singular vocative)
quadrupedēs (feminine masculine plural vocative)
quadrupedia (neuter plural vocative)

→ Catalan: quadrúpede (learned)

→ English: quadruped


quadrupes

la-noun

quadrupēs m or f or n (genitive quadrupedis); third declension

quadrupēs (canonical feminine masculine neuter)
quadrupedis (genitive)
quadrupēs (nominative singular)
quadrupedēs (nominative plural)
quadrupedis (genitive singular)
quadrupedum (genitive plural)
quadrupedī (dative singular)
quadrupedibus (dative plural)
quadrupedem (accusative singular)
quadrupedēs (accusative plural)
quadrupede (ablative singular)
quadrupedibus (ablative plural)
quadrupēs (singular vocative)
quadrupedēs (plural vocative)
non-neuter: Third-declension noun.
neuter:
quadrupēs (nominative singular)
quadrupedia (nominative plural)
quadrupedis (genitive singular)
quadrupedium (genitive plural)
quadrupedī (dative singular)
quadrupedibus (dative plural)
quadrupēs (accusative singular)
quadrupedia (accusative plural)
quadrupedī (ablative singular)
quadrupedibus (ablative plural)
quadrupēs (singular vocative)
quadrupedia (plural vocative)


gibber

gibber m (genitive gibberis); third declension

gibberis (genitive)
gibber (nominative singular)
gibberēs (nominative plural)
gibberis (genitive singular)
gibberum (genitive plural)
gibberī (dative singular)
gibberibus (dative plural)
gibberem (accusative singular)
gibberēs (accusative plural)
gibbere (ablative singular)
gibberibus (ablative plural)
gibber (singular vocative)
gibberēs (plural vocative)

From Proto-Italic *gīfri- (“hump”), perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *geybʰ- (“bowed, curved, crooked, skew”), and cognate with Lithuanian geĩbti (“to decline, become weak”), Norwegian Bokmål keive (“the left hand”).


cinis

la-noun

cinis m or f (genitive cineris); third declension

cineris (genitive)
cinis (nominative singular)
cinerēs (nominative plural)
cineris (genitive singular)
cinerum (genitive plural)
cinerī (dative singular)
cineribus (dative plural)
cinerem (accusative singular)
cinerēs (accusative plural)
cinere (ablative singular)
cineribus (ablative plural)
cinis (singular vocative)
cinerēs (plural vocative)

Italo-Romance:

Italian: cenere

Neapolitan: cennere, cendre, cegnere

Sicilian: cìnniri

Calabrese: cìnnara, cìnnari

Tuscan and Central Italian: cenere, cendere

Padanian:

Emilian: sendra, sanar

Ligurian: çénie, çènia, çènre, çène

Lombard: sendra, sener, sender

desc

Piedmontese: sënner, sënre, sëner, sëndre

Romagnol: sendre, sendra

Romansch: tschendra

Venetian: sènare

Northern Gallo-Romance:

Franco-Provençal: cindra

desctree

Old French: cendre
Bourguignon: çarre
French: cendre
Lorrain: cent
Norman: chendre (Jersey, Guernsey)
Picard: chaine
Walloon: cinde

Southern Gallo-Romance:

Catalan: cendra, cenra, cendre, cendre

Old Occitan: cendre, cenre

Occitan: cendre, cendra (most dialects)

Gascon: céner, cena, cièr

Languedocien: cenre

Vivaro-Alpine: cindra

→ Old Spanish: cendra

Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: cinushi / cinushe, tsinushã

Romanian: cenușă

Dalmatian:

canaisa

Italo-Romance:

Corsican: cianugia

Italian: cinigia

Padanian:

Friulian: cinise

Piedmontese: sënisia, sinisia

Southern Gallo-Romance:

Aragonese: cenisa

Occitan: cenisa

⇒ Limousin: cenís

⇒ Vivaro-Alpine: chanís

Ibero-Romance:

Asturian: ceniza

Old Galician-Portuguese: cĩisa

Galician: cinza, cinsa

Portuguese: cinza

Kabuverdianu: sinza

Guinea-Bissau Creole: sinsa

Spanish: ceniza

Papiamentu: shinishi

Insular Romance:

Sardinian: chigina, chisina

From Proto-Indo-European *ken- (“dust, ashes”). Akin to Ancient Greek κόνις (kónis, “dust, ash”), Sanskrit कण (kaṇa, “particle, small grain of dust or rice”).


volucripes

la-adj

volucripēs (genitive volucripedis); third-declension one-termination adjective

volucripēs (canonical)
volucripedis (genitive)
volucripēs (feminine masculine neuter nominative singular)
volucripedēs (feminine masculine nominative plural)
volucripedia (neuter nominative plural)
volucripedis (feminine genitive masculine neuter singular)
volucripedium (feminine genitive masculine neuter plural)
volucripedī (dative feminine masculine neuter singular)
volucripedibus (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
volucripedem (accusative feminine masculine singular)
volucripēs (accusative neuter singular)
volucripedēs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
volucripedia (accusative neuter plural)
volucripedī (ablative feminine masculine neuter singular)
volucripedibus (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
volucripēs (feminine masculine neuter singular vocative)
volucripedēs (feminine masculine plural vocative)
volucripedia (neuter plural vocative)

[u̯ɔˈɫ̪ʊkrɪpeːs̠]

From volucer (“winged, fleet”) + pēs (“foot”).


imperator

la-noun

imperātor m (genitive imperātōris, feminine imperātrīx); third declension

imperātor (canonical masculine)
imperātōris (genitive)
imperātrīx (feminine)
imperātor (nominative singular)
imperātōrēs (nominative plural)
imperātōris (genitive singular)
imperātōrum (genitive plural)
imperātōrī (dative singular)
imperātōribus (dative plural)
imperātōrem (accusative singular)
imperātōrēs (accusative plural)
imperātōre (ablative singular)
imperātōribus (ablative plural)
imperātor (singular vocative)
imperātōrēs (plural vocative)

Balkan Romance:

Megleno-Romanian: ạmpirat

Romanian: împărat

→ Albanian: mbret

Italo-Romance:

desctree

Italian: imperatore
→ Franco-Provençal: emperator
→ Ligurian: imperatô
→ Romansch: imperatur, imperataur

Sicilian: mpiraturi

Padanian:

Friulian: imperadôr

Lombard: imperador

Piedmontese: imperador

Venetian: inperadore

Gallo-Romance:

Catalan: emperador

Franco-Provençal: emperor

Old French: empereor (see there for further descendants)

Occitan: emperaire, emperador

Ibero-Romance:

Asturian: emperador

Old Galician-Portuguese: emperador
Galician: emperador
Portuguese: imperador

Old Spanish: emperador
Spanish: emperador

Borrowings:

→ Ottoman Turkish: ایمپراطور (imperator)
Turkish: imparator

→ Polish: imperator

→ Proto-Brythonic: *ɨmperọdr (see there for further descendants)

→ Romanian: imperator

→ Russian: император (imperator)

→ Ukrainian: імператор (imperator)

[ɪmpɛˈräːt̪ɔr]

From imperō (“command”), via the radical of its supine imperātum + -tor.

commander, general, chief, master, person in charge


murex

la-noun

mūrex m (genitive mūricis); third declension

mūrex (canonical masculine)
mūricis (genitive)
mūrex (nominative singular)
mūricēs (nominative plural)
mūricis (genitive singular)
mūricum (genitive plural)
mūricī (dative singular)
mūricibus (dative plural)
mūricem (accusative singular)
mūricēs (accusative plural)
mūrice (ablative singular)
mūricibus (ablative plural)
mūrex (singular vocative)
mūricēs (plural vocative)

English: muriciform, muricite, muricoid

Irish: maorach

Catalan: múrex

Italian: murice

Portuguese: múrice

Spanish: múrice

Translingual: Murex

Uncertain. Perhaps a derivative of mūs (“mouse”), whence mūsculus (“a saltwater mussel”). Alternatively, together with Ancient Greek μύαξ (múax, “sea mussel”) borrowed from a Mediterranean substrate language.

A shellfish used as a source of the dye Tyrian purple; the purple-fish

induerat Tyriō bis tīnctam mūrice pallam

He had put on his mantle, twice dyed with Tyrian purple.

Tyrian purple, the purple dye, a purple color, made from the juice of the purple-fish

A sharp murex shell used as a bridle bit.