liberator

la-noun

līberātor m (genitive līberātōris, feminine līberātrīx); third declension

līberātor (canonical masculine)
līberātōris (genitive)
līberātrīx (feminine)
līberātor (nominative singular)
līberātōrēs (nominative plural)
līberātōris (genitive singular)
līberātōrum (genitive plural)
līberātōrī (dative singular)
līberātōribus (dative plural)
līberātōrem (accusative singular)
līberātōrēs (accusative plural)
līberātōre (ablative singular)
līberātōribus (ablative plural)
līberātor (singular vocative)
līberātōrēs (plural vocative)

Inherited:

French: livreur

Portuguese: livrador

Spanish: librador

Borrowed:

→ English: liberator

→ French: libérateur

→ Italian: liberatore

→ Portuguese: liberador

→ Romanian: liberator

→ Sicilian: libbiraturi

→ Spanish: liberador

[lʲiːbɛˈräːt̪ɔr]

(historical) a member of the conspirators who participated in the plotted assassination of Julius Caesar, led by Gaius Cassius Longinus and Marcus Junius Brutus


major

majus (neuter)
magnus (positive)
major (feminine masculine nominative singular)
majus (neuter nominative singular)
majōrēs (feminine masculine nominative plural)
majōra (neuter nominative plural)
majōris (feminine genitive masculine neuter singular)
majōrum (feminine genitive masculine neuter plural)
majōrī (dative feminine masculine neuter singular)
majōribus (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
majōrem (accusative feminine masculine singular)
majus (accusative neuter singular)
majōrēs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
majōra (accusative neuter plural)
majōre (ablative feminine masculine neuter singular)
majōribus (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
major (feminine masculine singular vocative)
majus (neuter singular vocative)
majōrēs (feminine masculine plural vocative)
majōra (neuter plural vocative)


hypothesis

hypothesis f (genitive hypothesis or hypotheseōs or hypothesios); third declension

hypothesis (genitive)
hypotheseōs (genitive)
hypothesios (genitive)
hypothesis (nominative singular)
hypothesēs (nominative plural)
hypotheseis (nominative plural)
hypothesis (genitive singular)
hypotheseōs (genitive singular)
hypothesios (genitive singular)
hypothesium (genitive plural)
hypothesī (dative singular)
hypothesibus (dative plural)
hypothesim (accusative singular)
hypothesin (accusative singular)
hypothesem (accusative singular)
hypothesēs (accusative plural)
hypothesīs (accusative plural)
hypothesī (ablative singular)
hypothese (ablative singular)
hypothesibus (ablative plural)
hypothesis (singular vocative)
hypothesi (singular vocative)
hypothesēs (plural vocative)
hypotheseis (plural vocative)

[hʏˈpɔt̪ʰɛs̠ɪs̠]

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ὑπόθεσις (hupóthesis, “hypothesis”, noun).


thesis

la-noun

thesis f (genitive thesis); third declension

thesis (genitive)
thesis (nominative singular)
thesēs (nominative plural)
thesis (genitive singular)
thesium (genitive plural)
thesī (dative singular)
thesibus (dative plural)
thesem (accusative singular)
thesēs (accusative plural)
thesīs (accusative plural)
these (ablative singular)
thesibus (ablative plural)
thesis (singular vocative)
thesēs (plural vocative)

Catalan: tesi

→ Dutch: thesis

desctree

French: thèse
→ Armenian: թեզ (tʻez)
→ Dutch: these
→ Persian: تز (tez)
→ Romanian: teză
→ Turkish: tez

Galician: tese

Italian: tesi

→ Middle English: thesis

English: thesis

Portuguese: tese

Spanish: tesis

[ˈt̪ʰɛs̠ɪs̠]

From Ancient Greek θέσις (thésis, “a proposition, a statement, a thing laid down, thesis in rhetoric, thesis in prosody”).


latus

la-noun

latus n (genitive lateris); third declension

lateris (genitive)
latus (nominative singular)
latera (nominative plural)
lateris (genitive singular)
laterum (genitive plural)
laterī (dative singular)
lateribus (dative plural)
latus (accusative singular)
latera (accusative plural)
latere (ablative singular)
lateribus (ablative plural)
latus (singular vocative)
latera (plural vocative)

Asturian: llau

→ English: latus

Franco-Provençal: las

Old French: lez

French: lez, lès

Galician: lado; ⇒ ladrizo

Italian: lato

Portuguese: lado

Romanian: lat, latură

Sicilian: latu

Old Spanish: lado

Spanish: lado

Uncertain. Some indicate Proto-Indo-European *pleth₂- (“flat”) or *stelh₃- (“broad”) (in which case later would be its masculine form).

Duabus portis ab utroque latere turrium

c. 52 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de Bello Gallico VII.24

from two gates on each sides of the turrets


opus

opus n (genitive operis); third declension

operis (genitive)
opus (nominative singular)
opera (nominative plural)
operis (genitive singular)
operum (genitive plural)
operī (dative singular)
operibus (dative plural)
opus (accusative singular)
opera (accusative plural)
opere (ablative singular)
operibus (ablative plural)
opus (singular vocative)
opera (plural vocative)

Catalan: ops

Old French: ues, oes, (part of) estovoir

French: œux, œusage (dialectal, Burgundy)

Italian: uopo

Old Occitan: ops

Romanian: op

Old Spanish: uebos, huebos

→ Bulgarian: опус (opus)

→ Catalan: opus

→ Czech: opus

→ Dutch: opus

→ Finnish: opus

→ French: opus

→ English: opus

→ Italian: opus

→ Portuguese: opus

→ Portuguese: opus

→ Romanian: opus, op

→ Russian: о́пус (ópus)

→ Spanish: opus

→ Swedish: opus

From Proto-Italic *opos, from a Proto-Indo-European *h₃ép-os (“work”), from the verbal root *h₃ep- (“to work”), whence also ops and omnis. Cognates include Sanskrit अपस् (ápas, “work, action”).

cessat opus; vacuae conticuēre molae

Work stops; the empty millstones have fallen silent.

workmanship, artwork, work (of art, literature, etc.)

opus esse +nom. or +abl. of the thing needed

alicui opus est aliquo

opus est

mihi frumentum non opus est

Si supplemento opus esset, suppleret de legionibus quibus P. Cornelius pro praetore in Sicilia praeesset, […]

27 BCE – 25 BCE, Titus Livius, Ab Urbe Condita 26.1

If reinforcements were needed, he should supply them with the legions which Publius Cornelius, propraetor, was in charge of in Sicily, […]

Omnia Geōmetriae Problēmata facile ad hujusmodī terminōs redūcī possunt, ut deinde ad illōrum cōnstrūctiōnem, opus tantum sit rēctārum quārundam līneārum longitūdinem cognōscere.

1683 [1637], René Descartes, Geōmetria, section 1, page 1

All Problems of Geometry can easily be reduced to such terms, that afterwards for their construction, there is only need [or it is only necessary] to get to know the length of certain straight lines.

(Ecclesiastical Latin) work (of God), deed, (miraculous) work

opus africanum, opus craticum, opus emplectum, opus gallicum, opus incertum, opus isodomum, opus latericium, opus mixtum, opus quadratum, opus reticulatum, opus vittatum, etc.

various types thereof, see The Oxford Dictionary of Architecture, 2015, pp.536-537

(in Roman architecture) masonry, construction technique, construction material


femur

femur n (genitive feminis or femoris); third declension

feminis (genitive)
femoris (genitive)
femur (nominative singular)
femina (nominative plural)
femora (nominative plural)
feminis (genitive singular)
femoris (genitive singular)
feminum (genitive plural)
femorum (genitive plural)
feminī (dative singular)
femorī (dative singular)
feminibus (dative plural)
femoribus (dative plural)
femur (accusative singular)
femina (accusative plural)
femora (accusative plural)
femine (ablative singular)
femore (ablative singular)
feminibus (ablative plural)
femoribus (ablative plural)
femur (singular vocative)
femina (plural vocative)
femora (plural vocative)

→ Catalan: fèmur

→ English: femur

→ French: fémur

→ Galician: fémur

→ German: Femur

→ Italian: femore

→ Occitan: fèmur

→ Portuguese: fémur (Portugal), fêmur (Brazil)

→ Romanian: femur

→ Sicilian: fèmuri

→ Spanish: fémur

Uncertain. The heteroclitic (r/n) inflection is rather archaic (as also seen in iecur and iter), descending from Proto-Indo-European *-r̥ ~ *-n-, but no secure Proto-Indo-European origin for femur can be found. De Vaan and Lubotsky tentatively support Steinbauer's derivation from Proto-Indo-European *dʰénwr̥ (“arc, bow”); this is semantically attractive, but the hypothetical change from *-nw- to *-(n)m- from Proto-Indo-European to Latin is strange.

der

(architecture) the space between the grooves of a triglyph

(figuratively) the loins; capacity to produce children.


Pharao

la-proper noun

Pharaō m (genitive Pharaōnis); third declension

Pharaō (canonical masculine)
Pharaōnis (genitive)
Pharaō (nominative singular)
Pharaōnēs (nominative plural)
Pharaōnis (genitive singular)
Pharaōnum (genitive plural)
Pharaōnī (dative singular)
Pharaōnibus (dative plural)
Pharaōnem (accusative singular)
Pharaōnēs (accusative plural)
Pharaōne (ablative singular)
Pharaōnibus (ablative plural)
Pharaō (singular vocative)
Pharaōnēs (plural vocative)

→ Asturian: faraón

→ Catalan: faraó

→ Czech: faraon, farao

→ Danish: farao

→ Dutch: farao

→ Old English: pharao

Middle English: pharao, pharaon

English: pharaoh, pharaon

→ Japanese: ファラオ (farao)

→ Korean: 파라오 (parao)

→ Thai: ฟาโรห์ (faa-roo)

→ Esperanto: faraono

→ French: pharaon

→ Khmer: ផារ៉ាអុង (para'ong)

→ Vietnamese: pha-ra-ông

→ Galician: faraón

→ German: Pharao

→ Hungarian: fáraó

→ Italian: faraone

→ Sicilian: faraguni

→ Maltese: faragħun

→ Norwegian: farao

→ Occitan: faraon

→ Polish: faraon

→ Portuguese: faraó

→ Romanian: faraon

→ Slovak: faraón

→ Old Spanish: pharaon

Spanish: faraón

→ Swedish: farao

→ Finnish: faarao

→ Tagalog: paro

→ Volapük: faraon (♂♀), Volapük: hifaraon (♂), jifaraon (♀)

From Ancient Greek Φαραώ (Pharaṓ), from Biblical Hebrew פַּרְעֹה (par‘ōh), from Egyptian pr:aA (pr-ꜥꜣ, “palace”, “pharaoh”).

der

<i class="Latn mention" lang="egy">pr-ꜥꜣ</i>

Dēnique Mōȳsē interpretātur sūmptus ex aquā. Invēnit eum ad rīpam flūminis expositum fīlia Pharaōnis, quem colligēns adoptāvit sibi.

c. 600 CE – 625 CE, Isidorus Hispalensis, Etymologiae 7.6.46

Then 'Moses' is interpreted as 'taken out of water'. The daughter of the Pharaoh found him abandoned on the bank of the river and adopted him.


leo

la-noun

leō m (genitive leōnis); third declension

leō (canonical masculine)
leōnis (genitive)
leō (nominative singular)
leōnēs (nominative plural)
leōnis (genitive singular)
leōnum (genitive plural)
leōnī (dative singular)
leōnibus (dative plural)
leōnem (accusative singular)
leōnēs (accusative plural)
leōne (ablative singular)
leōnibus (ablative plural)
leō (singular vocative)
leōnēs (plural vocative)

Eastern Romance:

Italo-Dalmatian:

Corsican: lionu

Italian: leone

Sicilian: liuni
→ Maltese: ljun

Romanian: leu

Venetian: leon, lion

Western Romance:

Gallo-italic:

Ligurian: lión

Lombard: leon

Piedmontese: lion, leon

Old French: lion (see there for further descendants)

Rhaeto-Romance:

Friulian: lion

Romansch: liun

Navarro-Aragonese:

Aragonese: lión

Old Leonese:

Asturian: llión, lleón

Leonese: llión

Old Occitan:

Catalan: lleó

Occitan: leon

Old Galician-Portuguese: leon

Galician: león

desctree

Portuguese: leão
Kabuverdianu: lion
Macanese: leám
Papiamentu: leon

Old Spanish: leon (see there for further descendants)

Southern Romance:

Sardinian: leone, leoni, lioni

→ Albanian: luan

→ Basque: lehoi

→ Proto-Brythonic: *llew (see there for further descendants)

→ Proto-West Germanic: *lēwō (see there for further descendants)

→ Gothic: 𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌰 (laiwa)
→ Proto-Slavic: *lьvъ (see there for further descendants)

→ Old English: lēo

→ Old Irish: léoman, léo

Irish: leon

Scottish Gaelic: leòmhann

→ Old Norse: león, leó (see there for further descendants)

Translingual: †Microleo, †Priscileo, †Thylacoleo, †Wakaleo

(figuratively) lionheart; a courageous person


polaris

la-adj

polāris (neuter polāre); third-declension two-termination adjective

polāris (canonical)
polāre (neuter)
polāris (feminine masculine nominative singular)
polāre (neuter nominative singular)
polārēs (feminine masculine nominative plural)
polāria (neuter nominative plural)
polāris (feminine genitive masculine neuter singular)
polārium (feminine genitive masculine neuter plural)
polārī (dative feminine masculine neuter singular)
polāribus (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
polārem (accusative feminine masculine singular)
polāre (accusative neuter singular)
polārēs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
polārīs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
polāria (accusative neuter plural)
polārī (ablative feminine masculine neuter singular)
polāribus (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
polāris (feminine masculine singular vocative)
polāre (neuter singular vocative)
polārēs (feminine masculine plural vocative)
polāria (neuter plural vocative)

Catalan: polar

English: polar

Galician: polar

Italian: polare

Portuguese: polar

Spanish: polar

[pɔˈɫ̪äːrɪs̠]

(Late Latin) Of or pertaining to the poles (northern and southern).


canis

la-noun

canis m or f (genitive canis); third declension

canis (genitive)
canis (nominative singular)
canēs (nominative plural)
canis (genitive singular)
canum (genitive plural)
canī (dative singular)
canibus (dative plural)
canem (accusative singular)
canēs (accusative plural)
cane (ablative singular)
canibus (ablative plural)
canis (singular vocative)
canēs (plural vocative)

Aragonese: can

Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: cãni, cãne, cheni

Istro-Romanian: căre

Megleno-Romanian: cǫini

Romanian: câine, câne

Asturian: can

Corsican: cane

Dalmatian: cun, cuon

Franco-Provençal: chin

Old French: chien, kien

French: chien

Angevin: chin

Bourguignon: chein

Norman: quien

Picard: kien, tchien (Amiens)

Walloon: tchén

Istriot: can

Rhaeto-Romance:

Friulian: cjan, čhan

Ladin: cian

Romansch: chaun, tgaun, chan

North Italian:

Gallo-Italic:

Ligurian: can

Old Piedmontese: cjeun

Piedmontese: can

Lombard: cjeun, cjaun

Lombard: can

desc

Romagnol: cân, chên (Cattolica), chën (Rimini)

Venetian: can

Italian: cane

Old Occitan: can

Catalan: ca

Occitan: can

desctree

Old Galician-Portuguese: can
Galician: can
Portuguese: cão

Sardinian:

Campidanese: cani

Logudorese: cane

Sicilian: cani

Spanish: can

From earlier canēs. Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ḱwṓ, *ḱun- (“dog”), from earlier *ḱwón-s, whence also Ancient Greek κύων (kúōn), Sanskrit श्वन् (śván), though the expected outcome was formally much altered.
The -a- gained a number of ad hoc explanations, such as a shift of *-wo- to *-wa- in open syllables, or of *-n̥- to -an- before vowels. The initial unrounded c- must have been levelled early into the rest of the inflection from the expected nominative outcome *cō, as *ḱw- would have regularly delabialised before a rounded vowel.

ref

Now mostly rejected, as this assumes a relevelling on a genitive stem *ḱwn̥-, which is actually largely attested as *ḱun- in all the word's cognates.<ref name=Sihler/>

Petronius
Cave canem.

‘est Canis, Īcarium dīcunt, quō sīdere mōtō
tosta sitit tellūs, praecipiturque seges’
‘‘There is a Dog – they say [of?] Icarius – a star (or constellation), [and] where it has moved, the earth thirsts, [it] having been scorched, and the crop is seized beforehand.’’

(Maera (hound) found the body of Icarius (Athenian) and became the constellation Canis Minor with the bright ‘‘dog’’ star Procyon; it, along with Canis Major, the other celestial dog with its brighter ‘‘dog’’ star Sirius, were believed to cause late summer heat and drought.)

a ‘dog’ constellation or ‘dog’ star: either Canis Major, its brightest star Sirius; or Canis Minor, its brightest star Procyon

a dog, a hound, a bounder, a blackguard, a cad, a heel (foul person)

a dog, a creature (human parasite or follower who depends on someone with great power and resources and bends to their will)

a tiger, a dragon, a savage (a fierce or enraged person)


metropolis

la-noun

mētropolis f (genitive mētropolis or mētropoleōs or mētropolios); third declension

mētropolis (canonical feminine)
mētropolis (genitive)
mētropoleōs (genitive)
mētropolios (genitive)
mētropolis (nominative singular)
mētropolēs (nominative plural)
mētropoleis (nominative plural)
mētropolis (genitive singular)
mētropoleōs (genitive singular)
mētropolios (genitive singular)
mētropolium (genitive plural)
mētropolī (dative singular)
mētropolibus (dative plural)
mētropolim (accusative singular)
mētropolin (accusative singular)
mētropolem (accusative singular)
mētropolēs (accusative plural)
mētropolīs (accusative plural)
mētropolī (ablative singular)
mētropole (ablative singular)
mētropolibus (ablative plural)
mētropolis (singular vocative)
mētropoli (singular vocative)
mētropolēs (plural vocative)
mētropoleis (plural vocative)

Catalan: metròpoli

French: métropole

Italian: metropoli

Piedmontese: metròpol

Portuguese: metrópole

Spanish: metrópoli

English: metropolis, metropole

German: Metropolis

Late Latin, from Ancient Greek μητρόπολις (mētrópolis, “a mother city or state”), from μητρο- (mētro-, “mother-”) + πόλις (pólis, “city”).


abominabilis

la-adj

abōminābilis (neuter abōminābile); third-declension two-termination adjective

abōminābilis (canonical)
abōminābile (neuter)
abōminābilis (feminine masculine nominative singular)
abōminābile (neuter nominative singular)
abōminābilēs (feminine masculine nominative plural)
abōminābilia (neuter nominative plural)
abōminābilis (feminine genitive masculine neuter singular)
abōminābilium (feminine genitive masculine neuter plural)
abōminābilī (dative feminine masculine neuter singular)
abōminābilibus (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
abōminābilem (accusative feminine masculine singular)
abōminābile (accusative neuter singular)
abōminābilēs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
abōminābilīs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
abōminābilia (accusative neuter plural)
abōminābilī (ablative feminine masculine neuter singular)
abōminābilibus (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
abōminābilis (feminine masculine singular vocative)
abōminābile (neuter singular vocative)
abōminābilēs (feminine masculine plural vocative)
abōminābilia (neuter plural vocative)

Catalan: abominable

Old French: abominable

French: abominable

Middle English: abhomynable

English: abominable

Norwegian Bokmål: abominabel

Galician: abominable

Italian: abominabile

Portuguese: abominável

Romanian: abominabil

Spanish: abominable

[äboːmɪˈnäːbɪlʲɪs̠]


apis

la-noun

apis f (genitive apis); third declension

apis (genitive)
apis (nominative singular)
apēs (nominative plural)
apis (genitive singular)
apum (genitive plural)
apium (genitive plural)
apī (dative singular)
apibus (dative plural)
apem (accusative singular)
apēs (accusative plural)
apīs (accusative plural)
ape (ablative singular)
apibus (ablative plural)
apis (singular vocative)
apēs (plural vocative)

Dalmatian:

juopa, juop, yuopa, yuop, iuopa, iuop

Italo-Romance:

Corsican: apa, aba, abba

Italian: ape

Neapolitan: apa, lapa

Sassarese: abi, aba

Sicilian: lapa

Insular Romance:

Sardinian:

Logudorese: abe

Nuorese: ape

Campidanese: abi

North Italian:

Gallo-Italic:

Piedmontese: aif

Romagnol: êva, eva (Ville Unite)

Friulian: âf, âv

Ladin: eva, ê

Venetian: ava

Gallo-Romance:

Franco-Provençal: âp

Gascon: aps

Old French: ef, e, ep
Picard: é

Uncertain. Phonetically impossible is any connection with Proto-Indo-European *bʰey- which gave instead fūcus (“drone”). Traditionally also hypothesized as from Proto-Indo-European *e/a(m)p-i- (“stinging insect; bee”), related to German Imme (“bee; swarm of bees”), Old English imbe and Ancient Greek ἐμπίς (empís, “a stinging or biting insect”). However, this has characteristics of a European substrate word. According to Vennemann's Atlantic substrate theory, the ultimate source may be a Semitic word cognate with Egyptian ꜥfj (“bee”) (though no attested Semitic cognates survive); de Vaan finds this plausible. Another hypothesis suggests an Oscan-Umbrian loan from an original *akuis (“sharp, stinging”) (e.g. Latin aqui- (“sharp”) in aquifolius, aquilinus); the Osco-Umbrian reflex of Proto-Indo-European labiovelar */kʷ/ that gives Latin is regularly /p/.

cog

Aut ut apēs saltūsque suōs et olentia nactae / pāscua per flōrēs et thyma summa volant.

Or as the bees, when they have found plants to plunder of their honey, hover hither and thither among the thyme and the flowers.


Carthago

la-proper noun

Carthāgō f sg (genitive Carthāginis); third declension

Carthāgō (canonical feminine singular)
Carthāginis (genitive)
Carthāgō (nominative singular)
Carthāginis (genitive singular)
Carthāginī (dative singular)
Carthāginem (accusative singular)
Carthāgine (ablative singular)
Carthāgō (singular vocative)
Carthāgine (locative singular)
Carthāginī (locative singular)

→ Dutch: Carthago

→ English: Carthage

→ French: Carthage

→ German: Karthago

→ Italian: Cartagine

→ Portuguese: Cartago

→ Romanian: Cartagina

→ Spanish: Cartago

[kärˈt̪ʰäːɡoː]

[kärˈt̪äːɡo]

From Phoenician 𐤒𐤓𐤕-𐤇𐤃𐤔𐤕 (qrt-ḥdšt), possibly via Etruscan *𐌂𐌀𐌓𐌈𐌀𐌆𐌀 (*carθaza), from 𐤒𐤓𐤕 (qrt, “city”) + 𐤇𐤃𐤔𐤕 (ḥdšt, “new”) as opposed to the colonists' mother city of Tyre. Compare Hebrew קֶרֶת (qeret, “city”), קִרְיָה (kiryah), חָדָשׁ (ḥāḏāš, “new”), Aramaic קַרְתָּא (qartā, “city”), חֲדַתָּא (ḥəḏattā, “new”), Arabic قَرْيَة (qarya, “village”), and Arabic حَدِيث (ḥadīṯ, “new”). Doublet of Carthago Nova, Carchēdōn, and Carthada.

doublet

(historical) Carthage (an ancient city-state and former empire centered on modern Tunisia)

(chiefly historical) Synonym of Carthagenna, Cartagena (a city in Spain)


syphilis

la-noun

syphilis f (genitive syphilidis); third declension

syphilidis (genitive)
syphilis (nominative singular)
syphilidēs (nominative plural)
syphilidis (genitive singular)
syphilidum (genitive plural)
syphilidī (dative singular)
syphilidibus (dative plural)
syphilidem (accusative singular)
syphilidēs (accusative plural)
syphilide (ablative singular)
syphilidibus (ablative plural)
syphilis (singular vocative)
syphilidēs (plural vocative)

First used in 1530 by Girolamo Fracastoro, from the name of a mythical first sufferer of the disease, Syphilus.


passer

passer m (genitive passeris); third declension

passeris (genitive)
passer (nominative singular)
passerēs (nominative plural)
passeris (genitive singular)
passerum (genitive plural)
passerī (dative singular)
passeribus (dative plural)
passerem (accusative singular)
passerēs (accusative plural)
passere (ablative singular)
passeribus (ablative plural)
passer (singular vocative)
passerēs (plural vocative)

Catalan: passerell, pàssera

Corsican: passula

Dalmatian: paserain

Esperanto: pasero

Franco-Provençal: pâsserâ

French: passereau

Friulian: passare, passarat

Ido: pasero

Interlingua: passere

Istro-Romanian: pǫsăre

Italian: passero, passera

Occitan: passerat

Romanian: pasăre

Romansch: pasler

Vulgar Latin:

*passarum (see there for further descendants)

From Proto-Italic *passros with a declension change from second to third, from Proto-Indo-European *p(e)t-tro-s (“who flies, bird”), from *peth₂- (“to fly”). Related to penna.

inh

Passer mortuus est meae puellae.
Passer, deliciae meae puellae […]

c. 84 BCE – 54 BCE, Catullus, Carmina 3.3–4

My girl's sparrow is dead.
The sparrow, my girl's pet […]

At contrā herbōsā piscēs luxantur harēnā
ut scarus, ēpastās sōlus quī rūminat ēscās,
fēcundumque genus mēnae lamyrusque smarisque
atque immunda chromis, meritō vīlissima salpa
atque avium phȳcis nīdōs imitāta sub undīs
et squāmās tenuī suffūsus sanguine mullus,
fulgentēs soleae candōre et concolor illīs
passer et Hadriacō mīrandus lītore rhombus,
tum leporēs lātī, tum mollēs tergore rānae […]
On the other hand, fish that revel in the grassy sand
such as the scar, the only one that chews over eaten up food,
the prolific kind of the maena, lamyrus and smaris

43 BCE – c. 17 CE, Ovid, Halieutica 118–126

and the phycis that imitates the nests of birds under the waves
and the mullet whose scales are suffused with tenous blood,
and the sole flashing with whiteness and the turbot
of the same colour, and the amazing flatfish on the Adriatic Shore,
then the broad sea-hares, then the soft-bodied sea-frog […]

and the unclean chronic, the deservedly worthless salpa


homo

la-noun

homō m (genitive hominis); third declension

homō (canonical masculine)
hominis (genitive)
homō (nominative singular)
hominēs (nominative plural)
hominis (genitive singular)
hominum (genitive plural)
hominī (dative singular)
hominibus (dative plural)
hominem (accusative singular)
hominēs (accusative plural)
homine (ablative singular)
hominibus (ablative plural)
homō (singular vocative)
hominēs (plural vocative)

Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: om

Istro-Romanian: om

Megleno-Romanian: om, uom

Romanian: om

Dalmatian:

jomno

Italo-Romance:

Corsican: omu

Istriot: omo

Italian: uomo

Neapolitan: ommo

Sicilian: omu, òminu

Padanian:

Emilian: òmen, òm

Ligurian: òmmo

Lombard: òmm, òmen

Piedmontese: òm, òmon

Romagnol: òm, òman

Friulian: omp, om

Romansch: um

Venetian: omo, òmeno

Northern Gallo-Romance:

Franco-Provençal: homo, on

Old French: home (see there for further descendants)

Southern Gallo-Romance:

Catalan: home

desctree

Old Occitan: ome, hom, home, om, omne
Occitan: òme, ome

Sardinian:

òmine

Ibero-Romance:

Navarro-Aragonese: hombre, ombre, ome, omme, homme; uamne (11th century, Glosas Emilianenses)
Aragonese: ombre

Old Leonese: ome

Asturian: home

Leonese: home

Mirandese: home

Old Galician-Portuguese: ome, home, omen, omẽe
Fala: homi
Galician: home
Portuguese: homem (see there for further descendants)

Old Spanish: omne, ome, om̃e, homne
Ladino:
Hebrew script: אומברי
Latin script: ombre
Spanish: hombre, honbre, ombre, onbre (obsolete)
Chavacano: hombre
→ English: hombre
→ French: hombre
→ English: ombre
→ Papiamentu: hòmber

Borrowings:

desc

→ English: homo; argumentum ad hominem, ad hominem

→ Esperanto: homo

→ Ido: homo

→ Interlingua: homine

→ Translingual: Homo

From earlier hemō, from Proto-Italic *hemō, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰm̥mṓ (“earthling”), from *dʰéǵʰōm (“earth”), whence Latin humus. Cognates include Old Lithuanian žmuõ (“man”), Gothic 𐌲𐌿𐌼𐌰 (guma) and Old English guma (“man”). See also nēmō (“no one”), from *ne hemō.
The phenomenon of a derivational relationship between the words for both earth and man is also seen in Semitic languages: Hebrew אָדָם (adám, “man”), אֲדָמָה (adamá, “soil”).

etymon

homō

vir

adult human man; with connotations of freeborn status and possession of masculine virtues

fēmina

female; woman; in Republican Latin, used especially to refer to women of social rank, functioning as a female counterpart of vir and a more respectful synonym of mulier

Homō hominī lupus est (proverb).

Hominēs, dum docent, discunt.

While teaching, people also learn themselves.

Homŏ sum, hūmānī nihil ā mĕ aliēnum putō.

163 BCE, Publius Terentius Afer, Heauton Timorumenos [The Self-Tormentor]

I'm a human being, and nothing that's human is alien to me.

67 or 49 BC, Fragmentum Atestinum :researchgate.com
qvod·ad·hominem·libervm·liberamve·pertinere·deicatvr

At quae māter! […] cuius ea stultitia est, ut eam nēmō hominem appellāre possit!

And what a mother! […] whose stupidity is such that nobody would even call her human!

[…] exceptīs paucīs masculīnī generis, quōrum numerō sunt ōrdo, ligō, et iis quae commūnis generis sunt, ut homō, nēmō, būbō et mangō.
[…] except […] and those that are of common gender, such as homō, nēmō, būbō and mangō.

Quī abortiōnis aut amātōris pōculum dant […] sī eō mulier aut homō perierit […]

Those who poison someone with an abortion or love potion […] if it causes the death of the woman or man […]

prō Iuppiter, tŭ homō adigi' mĕ ad īnsāniam!

160 BCE, Publius Terentius Afer, Adelphoe 111, (Robert Kauer and W. M. Lindsay (eds), 1958)

For Jupiter's sake, man, you're driving me insane!

(address) man, fellow, mate, pal, bud, partner, dude (a form of address to male peers, especially by another male)

Mi homo et mea mulier, vos saluto.

(address) used in the vocative expression "mi homo" as a form of address to a man by a woman


libido

la-noun

libīdō f (genitive libīdinis); third declension

libīdō (canonical feminine)
libīdinis (genitive)
libīdō (nominative singular)
libīdinēs (nominative plural)
libīdinis (genitive singular)
libīdinum (genitive plural)
libīdinī (dative singular)
libīdinibus (dative plural)
libīdinem (accusative singular)
libīdinēs (accusative plural)
libīdine (ablative singular)
libīdinibus (ablative plural)
libīdō (singular vocative)
libīdinēs (plural vocative)

→ Armenian: լիբիդո (libido)

→ Catalan: libido

→ Dutch: libido

desctree

→ English: libido
→ Mandarin: 力比多 (lìbǐduō)
→ Irish: libídeo
→ Japanese: リビドー (ribidō)
→ Korean: 리비도 (ribido)

→ Finnish: libido

→ French: libido
→ Turkish: libido

→ German: Libido

→ Hebrew: לִיבִּידוֹ (libido)

→ Hungarian: libidó

→ Italian: libido, libidine

→ Polish: libido

→ Portuguese: libido

→ Romanian: libido

→ Russian: либи́до (libído)

→ Serbo-Croatian: лѝбидо (lìbido)

→ Slovene: lȋbido

→ Spanish: libido

→ Swedish: libido

From Proto-Italic *luβēō (“to desire”), from Proto-Indo-European *lewbʰ- (“love, care, desire”).

der

Haec tibi est incīdenda lingua, quā vel ēvulsā spīritū ipsō libīdinem tuam lībertās mea refūtābit.

(For that) you must sever this tongue of mine, and even if it is torn out, the freedom in my very breath will confound your wantonness.

desire, fancy, inclination, longing, pleasure, caprice, passion, wantonness

Libīdō vincit omnia.

In prīmīs autem et illōs numerō quī nūllī reī nisi vīnō ac libīdinī vacant; nūllī enim turpius occupātī sunt.

c. 4 BCE – 65 CE, Seneca the Younger, De brevitate vitae 7

But among the worst I count also those who have time for nothing but wine and lust; for none have more shameful engrossments.

Maiōre adhūc ac turpiōre īnfāmiā flagrāvit, vix ut referrī audīrīve, nēdum crēdī fās sit, quasi puerōs prīmae teneritūdinis, quōs pisciculōs vocābat, īnstitueret, ut natantī sibi inter femina versārentur ac lūderent linguā morsūque sēnsim adpetentēs; atque etiam quasi īnfantēs firmiōrēs, necdum tamen lacte dēpulsōs, inguinī ceu papillae admovēret, prōnior sānē ad id genus libīdinis et nātūrā et aetāte.

c. 69 CE – 122 CE, Suetonius, De vita Caesarum 3 44

He was excited with a greater and more shameful infamy, that hardly can be told or heard, by no means be believed to be allowed by the gods, like how he trained little boys of the tenderest age, which he called 'little fish', to go around between his thighs and rouse his senses with the tongue and by biting, while he was swimming; or even how he put stronger babies, not weaned yet, to his genitals as if to nipples, certainly more inclined to this kind of lechery by nature as well as by age.


piscis

la-noun

piscis m (genitive piscis); third declension

piscis (genitive)
piscis (nominative singular)
piscēs (nominative plural)
piscis (genitive singular)
piscium (genitive plural)
piscī (dative singular)
piscibus (dative plural)
piscem (accusative singular)
piscēs (accusative plural)
piscīs (accusative plural)
pisce (ablative singular)
piscibus (ablative plural)
piscis (singular vocative)
piscēs (plural vocative)

Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: peashti ⇒ pescu

Istro-Romanian: peșt

Megleno-Romanian: peaști

Romanian: pește

Dalmatian:

pasc, pask

Italo-Romance:

Corsican: pesciu

Italian: pesce

Neapolitan: pesce

Sicilian: pisci

Gallo-Italic:

Friulian: pes

Istriot: piso

Ladin: pësc

Ligurian: péscio

Lombard: pès

Piedmontese: pess

Romagnol: pèṣ

desc

Romansch: pesch, pèsch (Sursilvan); pestg (Sutsilvan), pèsch, pesch (Rumantsch Grischun, Sutsilvan, Surmiran, Puter, Vallader); pestg (Sutsilvan)

Venetian: pése, pésse, pisse

Northern Gallo-Romance:

Old French: peis ⇒ pescion, peissun, poisson

Bourguignon: poisson

French: poisson (see there for further descendants)

Norman: peissoun

Picard: pichon

Walloon: pexhon

Southern Gallo-Romance:

Catalan: peix

Occitan: peis

Ibero-Romance:

Aragonese: pex

Old Leonese: [Term?]

Asturian: pexe

Extremaduran: peci

Leonese: peixe

Mirandese: peç

desctree

Old Galician-Portuguese: peixe, pexe, peyxe
Galician: peixe
Portuguese: peixe (see there for further descendants)

Old Spanish: pez

Spanish: pez, peje

Insular Romance:

Sardinian: pisci (Campidanese), pische (Logudorese, Nuorese)

Borrowings:

→ Albanian: peshk

→ Proto-Brythonic: *pɨsk (see there for further descendants)

From Proto-Italic *piskis, from Proto-Indo-European *peysk-. Cognates include Old Irish íasc, Gothic 𐍆𐌹𐍃𐌺𐍃 (fisks) and Old English fisċ (English fish).

Piscis

Piscis Austrinus (constellation); the Fish

*porcopiscis

(i.e., porcus + piscis) pig-fish, porpoise


aries

la-noun

ariēs m (genitive arietis); third declension

ariēs (canonical masculine)
arietis (genitive)
ariēs (nominative singular)
arietēs (nominative plural)
arietis (genitive singular)
arietum (genitive plural)
arietī (dative singular)
arietibus (dative plural)
arietem (accusative singular)
arietēs (accusative plural)
ariete (ablative singular)
arietibus (ablative plural)
ariēs (singular vocative)
arietēs (plural vocative)

Aromanian: areati

Champenois: aroi

Corsican: arghjetu

Franco-Provençal: arêt

Istro-Romanian: arete

Ligurian: ajou (Genoan)

Megleno-Romanian: ăreati, ręti

Romanian: arete

→ Catalan: ariet

→ English: Aries

→ Italian: ariete

→ Portuguese: aríete

→ Spanish: ariete

From Proto-Indo-European *h₁r-i-(e)t- (“certain domestic animal”). Cognate with Old Irish heirp (“kid”), erb, Ancient Greek ἔριφος (ériphos).

der

cum mare trux ariēs cornū dēcertat; at īdem

With [another] male, the fierce ram fights it out with his horn, but the same
[ram] is careful to spare the forehead of a beloved ewe.


ros

la-noun

rōs m (genitive rōris); third declension

rōs (canonical masculine)
rōris (genitive)
rōs (nominative singular)
rōrēs (nominative plural)
rōris (genitive singular)
rōrum (genitive plural)
rōrī (dative singular)
rōribus (dative plural)
rōrem (accusative singular)
rōrēs (accusative plural)
rōre (ablative singular)
rōribus (ablative plural)
rōs (singular vocative)
rōrēs (plural vocative)

Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: aroauã

Romanian: rouă

Gallo-Romance:

Catalan: ros

→ Sardinian: arròsu

Occitan: ròs, arròs

Vulgar Latin:

⇒ *rōsāta (see there for further descendants)

Borrowings:

→ English: rore ⇒ rory

→ Middle French: rore

⇒ French: rorique

Esperanto: roso

From Proto-Indo-European *h₁roseh₂ (“dew”), itself possibly a derivative of *h₁ers- (“to flow”). Cognate with Sanskrit रसा (rásā, “moisture, humidity”), Ancient Greek ἐξεράω (exeráō, “pour out”), Lithuanian rasà (“dew”), Serbo-Croatian rosa／роса (“dew”).

cog

690–750, Excerpta ex libro glossarum published in the Corpus glossariorum latinorum V page 179, 6

Cytisus is a kind of tree like juniper a sweet-smelling herb, greener and hardly serving the bees in comparison to furzes and rosemary.

Citisum genus arboris quasi catanum erba odoribera uergilius et uix humiles apibus casias rorem que

Salvia rosmarinus
Salvia rosmarinus#Translingual

Rosmarinus officinalis
Rosmarinus officinalis#Translingual

rosemary (Salvia rosmarinus, syn. Rosmarinus officinalis)


vespertilio

la-noun

vespertīliō m (genitive vespertīliōnis); third declension

vespertīliō (canonical masculine)
vespertīliōnis (genitive)
vespertīliō (nominative singular)
vespertīliōnēs (nominative plural)
vespertīliōnis (genitive singular)
vespertīliōnum (genitive plural)
vespertīliōnī (dative singular)
vespertīliōnibus (dative plural)
vespertīliōnem (accusative singular)
vespertīliōnēs (accusative plural)
vespertīliōne (ablative singular)
vespertīliōnibus (ablative plural)
vespertīliō (singular vocative)
vespertīliōnēs (plural vocative)

Italo-Romance:

Neapolitan: sportiglione

Ibero-Romance: (both via the nominative?)

Asturian: esperteyu

Galician: espertello

Borrowings:

desc

→ Middle French: vespertille, vespertilion

→ Translingual: Vespertilio


securis

la-noun

secūris f (genitive secūris); third declension

secūris (canonical feminine)
secūris (genitive)
secūris (nominative singular)
secūrēs (nominative plural)
secūris (genitive singular)
secūrium (genitive plural)
secūrī (dative singular)
secūribus (dative plural)
secūrim (accusative singular)
secūrem (accusative singular)
secūrēs (accusative plural)
secūrīs (accusative plural)
secūrī (ablative singular)
secūre (ablative singular)
secūribus (ablative plural)
secūris (singular vocative)
secūrēs (plural vocative)

Aromanian: secure

Dalmatian: sčor

desc

→ Byzantine Greek: τσεκούριον (tsekoúrion), σεκούριον (sekoúrion)

Greek: τσεκούρι (tsekoúri)

Aramaic:

סִיקוּרְיָא ,סִיקוּרָא

Jewish Palestinian Aramaic, Jewish Babylonian Aramaic: סִיקוּרְיָא (sīqūrā, sīqūryā)/סִיקוּרָא (sīqūrā, sīqūryā)

Classical Syriac: ܣܝܺܩܰܘܪܴܐ (sīqūrā)

Galician: segur

Piedmontese: siul

Lombard: sagür, segù

Italian: scure

Portuguese: segure, segura, secure

Romanian: secure

Romansch: sigir, siir, sagir, sieir, sgür

Sardinian: segura, segure, seguri, sigura

desctree

Spanish: segur
→ Andalusian Arabic: شُقُور (šuqūr, “axe”)
→ Moroccan Arabic: شَاقُور (šāqūr, “adze of a carpenter; hatchet”)
→ Central Atlas Tamazight: šaquṛ (“axe”); pl. šwaqʷṛ
⇒ Central Atlas Tamazight: tašaquṛt (“small axe, hatchet”); pl. tašaquṛin
→ Tarifit: ccaqur (“axe; hatchet”)
→ Algerian Arabic: شَاقُور (šāqūr, “adze of a carpenter; hatchet”)
⇒ Algerian Arabic: شَاقُورَة (šāqūṛa, šāqōṛa, “small axe, hatchet”)
→ Tunisian Arabic: شَقُور (šāqūr, šaqūr, “adze of a carpenter; hatchet”)/شَاقُور (šāqūr, šaqūr, “adze of a carpenter; hatchet”)
→ Egyptian Arabic: شَقُورَة (šaʔūṛa, “adze for agricultural purposes”)

Venetian: sigureto

Related to secō (“cut”) and Proto-Slavic *sekyra (“axe”), from Proto-Indo-European *sek- (“to cut”). Compare also how in spite of the continuation of secūris in Spanish as segur one keeps from the verb a segadera with a similar meaning. See also English sickle.


calx

la-noun

calx f (genitive calcis); third declension

calcis (genitive)
calx (nominative singular)
calcēs (nominative plural)
calcis (genitive singular)
calcium (genitive plural)
calcī (dative singular)
calcibus (dative plural)
calcem (accusative singular)
calcēs (accusative plural)
calcīs (accusative plural)
calce (ablative singular)
calcibus (ablative plural)
calx (singular vocative)
calcēs (plural vocative)

Franco-Provençal: chôlx

Gallo-Italic

Lombard: cals (“calcium”)

Piedmontese: causs (“calcium”)

Old French: chaus

French: chaux

Old Occitan:

Catalan: calç

Occitan: calç, cauç

Gascon: cautz, cauci, còci

Nord-Occitan: chauç

Italo-Dalmatian

Corsican: calce

Italian: calce

Neapolitan: cauce

Sicilian: cauci

West Iberian

Aragonese: calso

desc

⇒ Vulgar Latin: *calciāta (“paved road”)

Franco-Provençal: chossià, chossà

French: chaussée

Old Occitan:

Catalan: calçada

Occitan: cauçada

Languedocien: colçada

Nord-Occitan: chauçada

Sicilian: cauciata

West Iberian

Aragonese: calçada

Asturian: calzada

Mozarabic: *calčata

→ Catalan: carxata

Old Galician-Portuguese: calçada

Galician: calzada

Portuguese: calçada

desctree

Spanish: calzada
→ Cebuano: karsada, kalsada
→ Hiligaynon: kalsada
→ Tagalog: kalsada

desc

⇒ Vulgar Latin: *calcīna (“lime, limestone”)

Gallo-Italic

Emilian: calsena, calseina

Ligurian: câssinn-a

Lombard: calsina, culsina, culsena

Piedmontese: caussin-a, caussen-a, coussen-a

Romagnol: calseina

Italo-Dalmatian

Italian: calcina

Sicilian: caucina

Old Occitan:

Catalan: calcina

Occitan:

Gascon: caucia, caucea, causia, causea, causena, causeia

Languedocien: caucina

Vivaro-Alpine: chaucina

West Iberian

Aragonese: calcina, calsina

⇒ Vulgar Latin: *calem (through *calis, from cals)

West Iberian

Extremaduran: cal

Old Leonese:

Asturian: cal

Leonese: cal

Mirandese: cal

Old Galician-Portuguese: cal

Galician: cal

Portuguese: cal

Spanish: cal

Borrowings

→ Albanian: gëlqë

→ Proto-Brythonic: *kalx

Cornish: calch, calh

Middle Welsh: calch

Welsh: calch

→ English: calx

→ Esperanto: kalko

→ Proto-West Germanic: *kalk (see there for further descendants)

→ Ido: kalko

→ Old Irish: cailc

Irish: cailc

Manx: kelk

Scottish Gaelic: cailc

→ Romanian: calce

Possibly from Ancient Greek χάλιξ (khálix, “pebble”), in any case of substrate origin.


calx

Direct reflexes:

desctree

Old Galician-Portuguese: couce m
Galician: couce m
Portuguese: coice m, (dated or dialectal) couce m

Old Spanish: coçe

Spanish: coz f

Piedmontese: causs, còuss

Derived forms:

⇒ Vulgar Latin: *calcīcāre

Catalan: calcigar

Occitan: calcigar

Sardinian: accaccigai

⇒ Medieval Latin: calcatrippa

→ Old English: calcatrippe

English: caltrop

Uncertain, with possibilities including:
* An extension of the Proto-Indo-European root *(s)kel- (“to bend”).
* Non-Indo-European (possibly Etruscan) origin; however, de Vaan notes the lack of a "concrete comparandum" for this.
* From Proto-Indo-European *klHk(ᵂ)-(n)-, related to Serbo-Croatian kuk (“thigh, hip”), Bulgarian кълка (kǎlka, “hip”), Russian колк (kolk, “bony stump”), Latvian kulksnis (“hock”), Lithuanian kulksnis (“ankle”), Old Prussian culczi (“hip”).


volantes

la-noun

volantēs m pl or f pl (genitive volantium); third declension

volantēs (canonical feminine masculine plural)
volantium (genitive)
volantēs (nominative plural)
volantium (genitive plural)
volantibus (dative plural)
volantēs (accusative plural)
volantīs (accusative plural)
volantibus (ablative plural)
volantēs (plural vocative)

[u̯ɔˈɫ̪än̪t̪eːs̠]

From volāns, present active participle of volō (“fly”).


iudex

iūdex m (genitive iūdicis); third declension

iūdex (canonical masculine)
iūdicis (genitive)
iūdex (nominative singular)
iūdicēs (nominative plural)
iūdicis (genitive singular)
iūdicum (genitive plural)
iūdicī (dative singular)
iūdicibus (dative plural)
iūdicem (accusative singular)
iūdicēs (accusative plural)
iūdice (ablative singular)
iūdicibus (ablative plural)
iūdex (singular vocative)
iūdicēs (plural vocative)

Catalan: jutge

Franco-Provençal: jujo

Friulian: judis

Italian: giudice

Ladin: giudesc

Ligurian: giùdiçe

Neapolitan: jodece

Occitan: jutge

desctree

Old French: juge
French: juge
Norman: juge (Jersey)
Walloon: djudje
→ Middle English: juge, jugge, iuge
English: judge (see there for further descendants)
Scots: judge, juige
Yola: jooudge

Iberian Romance:

Aragonese: chuez

Old Leonese: iuez

Asturian: xuez, xuö

Leonese: xuez

Mirandese: juiç

Old Galician-Portuguese: juiz, juyz, joiz
Galician: xuíz
Portuguese: juiz

Old Spanish: juez, juiz, judez
Ladino: גואיס (jues)
Spanish: juez (see there for further descendants)

Romanian: jude

Sardinian: judiche, judighe, giudighe

Sicilian: jùdici

Venetian: xudexe

From Proto-Italic *jowozdiks. Equivalent to iūs (“law”) + the root of dīcere (“to indicate”) + -s.

Itaque cum callidissime se dicere putaret et cum illa verba gravissima ex intimo artificio deprompsisset: 'Respicite, iudices, hominum fortunas, respicite dubios variosque casus, respicite C. Fabrici senectutem' — cum hoc 'respicite' ornandae orationis causa saepe dixisset, respexit ipse; at C. Fabricius a subselliis demisso capite discesserat. Hic iudices ridere, stomachari atque acerbe ferre patronus causam sibi eripi et se cetera de illo loco 'respicite, iudices' non posse dicere; nec quicquam propius est factum quam ut illum persequeretur et collo obtorto ad subsellia reduceret ut reliqua posset perorare. Ita tum Fabricius primum suo iudicio, quod est gravissimum, deinde legis vi et sententiis iudicum est condemnatus.

66 BCE, Cicero, chapter 21, in Pro Cluentio, archived from the original on 2015-11-08

And so, when [Caepasius] thought he was speaking very skillfully, and when he brought out these very profound words with the greatest skill: "Look, jurors, at the fortunes of men, look at their unpredictable and diverse accidents, look at Gaius Fabricius' old age" — when he had often said this "look" for the sake of decorating his speech, he looked himself; but Gaius Fabricius, with his head down, had walked away from the judge's bench. Here the jurors laughed; his lawyer was irritated and took it badly that the trial had been taken from him and that he couldn't say the rest of his "look, jurors" after that point, and there was nothing that seemed closer to happening than that he would pursue him and bring him by the neck back to the judge's bench so that he could finish the rest of his speech. And so Fabricius was convicted first by his own judgment, which is the most weighty, and then by the force of the law and the decisions of the jurors.


poesis

la-noun

poēsis f (genitive poēsis); third declension

poēsis (canonical feminine)
poēsis (genitive)
poēsis (nominative singular)
poēsēs (nominative plural)
poēsis (genitive singular)
poēsium (genitive plural)
poēsī (dative singular)
poēsibus (dative plural)
poēsim (accusative singular)
poēsēs (accusative plural)
poēsīs (accusative plural)
poēsī (ablative singular)
poēsibus (ablative plural)
poēsis (singular vocative)
poēsēs (plural vocative)

Old French: poesie

desctree

Middle French: poesie
French: poésie, poësie (obsolete)
Haitian Creole: pwezi
→ Danish: poesi
→ German: Poesie
→ Romanian: poezie
→ Polish: poezja
→ Russian: поэ́зия (poézija), поэ́зія (poézija) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)
→ Kazakh: поэзия (poéziä)
→ Dutch: poëzie, (obsolete) poëzij
Afrikaans: poësie
→ Indonesian: puisi
→ Malay: puisi
→ Middle English: poesie
English: poesy

From the Ancient Greek ποίησις (poíēsis, “production, composition”).


canon

la-noun

canōn m (genitive canonis); third declension

canōn (canonical masculine)
canonis (genitive)
canōn (nominative singular)
canonēs (nominative plural)
canonis (genitive singular)
canonum (genitive plural)
canonī (dative singular)
canonibus (dative plural)
canonem (accusative singular)
canonēs (accusative plural)
canone (ablative singular)
canonibus (ablative plural)
canōn (singular vocative)
canonēs (plural vocative)

Italian: canone

→ Catalan: cànon

→ German: Kanon

→ Japanese: カノン

→ Dutch: canon

→ Old French: canon (see there for further descendants)

→ Portuguese: cânone

→ Russian: канон (kanon)

→ Spanish: canon

Borrowed from Ancient Greek κανών (kanṓn, “measuring rod, standard”), akin to κάννα (kánna, “reed”), perhaps from Semitic (compare Hebrew קנה (qaneh, “reed”)).

bor

a yearly tribute paid to the emperor; (Medieval Latin, by extension) a periodic payment

(Ecclesiastical Latin) authorized catalog, especially of books of the Bible or of the saints

(Ecclesiastical Latin) decree of a church synod

(Ecclesiastical Latin) the Canon of the Mass


canon

la-noun

canōn m (genitive canōnis); third declension

canōn (canonical masculine)
canōnis (genitive)

From canna (“pipe”), compare Italian cannone and Old French canon.


mango

mangō m (genitive mangōnis); third declension

mangō (canonical masculine)
mangōnis (genitive)
mangō (nominative singular)
mangōnēs (nominative plural)
mangōnis (genitive singular)
mangōnum (genitive plural)
mangōnī (dative singular)
mangōnibus (dative plural)
mangōnem (accusative singular)
mangōnēs (accusative plural)
mangōne (ablative singular)
mangōnibus (ablative plural)
mangō (singular vocative)
mangōnēs (plural vocative)

→⇒ Proto-West Germanic: *mangārī (see there for further descendants)

Uncertain; but perhaps an agent noun related to Ancient Greek μαγγανεύω (manganeúō, “enchant, use charms”) and secondarily “trick out, dress artificially”, from the noun μάγγανον (mánganon, “philtre, charm, means for bewitching others”). Buck suggests that Latin mangō is a loanword based (ultimately or otherwise) on the Greek noun.
Alternatively, derived from manus (“hand”) via an unattested verb such as *manicō or *manigō (“handle, manage; trade, deal?”) (both requiring an unusual syncope of the verb suffix, the former also requiring an unusual voicing of /k/) + -ō (agent noun suffix). This would make it related to manceps (“purchaser; contractor”) and mancipium (“property, slave”), whence perhaps the sense of “slave-trader”. The semantic trajectory would be similar to that of German handeln (“to handle; to trade, deal”), ultimately from Proto-Germanic *handuz (“hand”).

noncog

dealer, monger in slaves or wares (to which he tries to give an appearance of greater value by adorning them)


trio

la-noun

triō m (genitive triōnis); third declension

triō (canonical masculine)
triōnis (genitive)
triō (nominative singular)
triōnēs (nominative plural)
triōnis (genitive singular)
triōnum (genitive plural)
triōnī (dative singular)
triōnibus (dative plural)
triōnem (accusative singular)
triōnēs (accusative plural)
triōne (ablative singular)
triōnibus (ablative plural)
triō (singular vocative)
triōnēs (plural vocative)

From Proto-Indo-European *terh₁- (“to rub, turn”).

der

(chiefly in plural) the constellation of the Wagon (Ursa Major and Ursa Minor)


maior

la-noun

maior m (genitive maiōris); third declension

maiōris (genitive)
maior (nominative singular)
maiōrēs (nominative plural)
maiōris (genitive singular)
maiōrum (genitive plural)
maiōrī (dative singular)
maiōribus (dative plural)
maiōrem (accusative singular)
maiōrēs (accusative plural)
maiōre (ablative singular)
maiōribus (ablative plural)
maior (singular vocative)
maiōrēs (plural vocative)

From Proto-Italic *magjōs, from Proto-Indo-European *méǵh₂yōs, from *meǵh₂- (“great”) + *-yōs (comparative suffix).

af

Ergo illum, qui haec fecerat, Rudinum hominem, maiores nostri in civitatem receperunt.

106 BCE – 43 BCE, Cicero, Pro Archia Poeta Oratio line 284

Therefore Ennius, who composed these poems, although a man from Rudiae, our ancestors granted him citizenship.

‘hinc sua maiōrēs tribuisse vocābula Maiō
tangor et aetātī cōnsuluisse suae.’
‘‘Because of this, the ancestors granted their name to May,
I have come to grasp, and in regard to their own old age.’’
(The muse Urania claims that the month of May honors the ‘‘maiōrēs’’ – ‘‘ancestors’’ or ‘‘elders’’.)

(in the plural) ancestors, forefathers; advanced in years, the aged; the elders

(Medieval Latin) A mayor (a leader of a city or town).


pero

la-noun

pērō m (genitive pērōnis); third declension

pērō (canonical masculine)
pērōnis (genitive)
pērō (nominative singular)
pērōnēs (nominative plural)
pērōnis (genitive singular)
pērōnum (genitive plural)
pērōnī (dative singular)
pērōnibus (dative plural)
pērōnem (accusative singular)
pērōnēs (accusative plural)
pērōne (ablative singular)
pērōnibus (ablative plural)
pērō (singular vocative)
pērōnēs (plural vocative)

Italian: perone

Unknown, perhaps related to pēra (“bag, satchel; wallet”).

A kind of boot made of raw hide, worn chiefly by soldiers or wagoners; a clodhopper


Venus

la-proper noun

Venus f (genitive Veneris); third declension

Veneris (genitive)
Venus (nominative singular)
Venerēs (nominative plural)
Veneris (genitive singular)
Venerum (genitive plural)
Venerī (dative singular)
Veneribus (dative plural)
Venerem (accusative singular)
Venerēs (accusative plural)
Venere (ablative singular)
Veneribus (ablative plural)
Venus (singular vocative)
Venerēs (plural vocative)

→ French: Vénus

→ Italian: Venere

→ Middle English: Venus
English: Venus

→ Portuguese: Vénus, Vênus (Brazil)

Sicilian: Vènniri

→ Spanish: Venus

From venus (“loveliness”), see there for more.

sine Cerere et Līberō frīget Venus

161 BCE, Publius Terentius Afer, Eunuchus 732

without Ceres and Liber, Venus freezes
(without food and wine, love doesn't thrive)

(Roman mythology) Venus (goddess of love and beauty)

Aeneadum genetrīx, hominum dīvomque voluptās,
alma Venus, caelī subter lābentia signa
quae mare nāvigerum, quae terrās frūgiferentīs
concelebrās, per tē quoniam genus omne animantum
concipitur
1916 translation by William Ellery Leonard
Mother of Rome, delight of Gods and men,
Dear Venus that beneath the gliding stars

c. 99 BCE – 55 BCE, Lucretius, De rerum natura 1.1–5

And fruitful lands - for all of living things
Through thee alone are evermore conceived

(poetic) metaphor for the genus of animation, living matter


acumen

la-noun

acūmen n (genitive acūminis); third declension

acūmen (canonical neuter)
acūminis (genitive)
acūmen (nominative singular)
acūmina (nominative plural)
acūminis (genitive singular)
acūminum (genitive plural)
acūminī (dative singular)
acūminibus (dative plural)
acūmen (accusative singular)
acūmina (accusative plural)
acūmine (ablative singular)
acūminibus (ablative plural)
acūmen (singular vocative)
acūmina (plural vocative)

Galician: gume

Portuguese: gume

→ English: acumen

→ Italian: acume

→ Portuguese: acume, acúmen

→ Spanish: acumen

From acuō (“make sharp or pointed, sharpen”) + -men (noun-forming suffix), from acus (“a needle, a pin”).


aenigma

la-noun

aenigma n (genitive aenigmatis); third declension

aenigmatis (genitive)
aenigma (nominative singular)
aenigmata (nominative plural)
aenigmatis (genitive singular)
aenigmatum (genitive plural)
aenigmatī (dative singular)
aenigmatibus (dative plural)
aenigma (accusative singular)
aenigmata (accusative plural)
aenigmate (ablative singular)
aenigmatibus (ablative plural)
aenigma (singular vocative)
aenigmata (plural vocative)

Catalan: enigma

→ English: enigma

French: énigme

Portuguese: enigma

Romanian: enigmă

Sicilian: nimma

Spanish: enigma

Borrowed from Ancient Greek αἴνιγμα (aínigma, “riddle”).


pestis

la-noun

pestis f (genitive pestis); third declension

pestis (genitive)
pestis (nominative singular)
pestēs (nominative plural)
pestis (genitive singular)
pestium (genitive plural)
pestī (dative singular)
pestibus (dative plural)
pestem (accusative singular)
pestēs (accusative plural)
pestīs (accusative plural)
peste (ablative singular)
pestibus (ablative plural)
pestis (singular vocative)
pestēs (plural vocative)

Catalan: pesta

→ Hungarian: pestis

→ Italian: peste

→ Middle French: peste

French: peste

→ Danish: pest

→ German: Pest

→ Norwegian: pest

→ Romanian: pestă

→ Swedish: pest

→ Dutch: pest

→ English: pest

→ Portuguese: peste

→ Spanish: peste

→ Cebuano: pisti

[ˈpɛs̠t̪ɪs̠]

Of uncertain origin. Equated with a supposed second element of Younger Avestan 𐬐𐬀𐬞𐬀𐬯𐬙𐬌𐬱 (kapastiš), the name of an illness, which beside ka-pastiš has its morphological boundaries also rendered kap-astiš and been identified with Persian کبست (kabast, “colocynth; deadly poison”), with seemingly the suffix as Persian دهمست (dahmast, “laurel”) if not اسپست (aspest, “lucerne”).

cog

Quam simul ac tālī persēnsit peste tenērī ….

And as soon as [Juno] sensed that [Dido was now] gripped by such a plague [of passion] ….
(Erotic passion here is likened to a deadly disease.)

Ēripite hanc pestem perniciemque mihi!

c. 84 BCE – 54 BCE, Catullus, Carmina 76.20


crus

la-noun

crūs n (genitive crūris); third declension

crūs (canonical neuter)
crūris (genitive)
crūs (nominative singular)
crūra (nominative plural)
crūris (genitive singular)
crūrum (genitive plural)
crūrī (dative singular)
crūribus (dative plural)
crūs (accusative singular)
crūra (accusative plural)
crūre (ablative singular)
crūribus (ablative plural)
crūs (singular vocative)
crūra (plural vocative)

Unclear. Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *ḱruH- based on Old Armenian սրունք (srunkʻ, “leg, shank”). However, other etymologies have been proposed for the Armenian word, such as a loan from Iranian *sraun- (cf. Avestan 𐬯𐬭𐬀𐬊𐬥𐬌 (sraoni)) among others. Albanian kërci may also be a cognate.

cog

quod pectus, quod crura tibi, quod bracchia vellis


ren

la-noun

rēn m (genitive rēnis); third declension

rēn (canonical masculine)
rēnis (genitive)
rēn (nominative singular)
rēnēs (nominative plural)
rēnis (genitive singular)
rēnum (genitive plural)
rēnī (dative singular)
rēnibus (dative plural)
rēnem (accusative singular)
rēnēs (accusative plural)
rēne (ablative singular)
rēnibus (ablative plural)
rēn (singular vocative)
rēnēs (plural vocative)

Balkan Romance:

Romanian: rână

Italo-Romance:

Italian: rene

Sicilian: rini

North-Italian:

Gallo-Italic:

Piedmontese: ren

Venetian: reno

Gallo-Romance:

Franco-Provençal: ren

desctree

Old French: rein, rain
Middle French: rein
French: rein
Norman: rein
Walloon: rino, rno, rin
→ English: rein

Occitano-Romance:

Occitan: ren

Ibero-Romance:

⇒ Aragonese: renera

desc

Old Galician-Portuguese: rẽes f pl (“hips”) (from the plural)

Galician: rens, res

Old Galician-Portuguese:

Galician: rin

Portuguese: rim

Spanish: rene (dated)

Sardinian:

rene

⇒ Vulgar Latin: *rēna

Gascon: rea, arrea, arreia, arria, arriá, arrenha

⇒ Vulgar Latin: *rēnile

Old Galician-Portuguese: *rẽil

Galician: ril, rinle

⇒ Vulgar Latin: *rēniō (see there for further descendants)

Borrowings:

→ Gheg Albanian: rrâni

→ English: ren (learned)

→ Interlingua: ren

Uncertain. Several etymologies proposed:
* From Proto-Italic *hrēn, cognate with Ancient Greek φρήν (phrḗn, “heart, midriff, mind”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰrḗn (“an internal part of the body”).
* Earlier *srēn, cognate with Old Prussian straunay, Lithuanian strė́nos, srė́nos f pl (“loins”), Latvian striena (“loins”) and Avestan 𐬭𐬁𐬥𐬀- (rāna-, “thigh”), from Proto-Indo-European *srḗn (“hip, loins”). Further disputed connection with Ancient Greek ῥάχις (rhákhis, “spine, chine”).
* Cognate with Tocharian A āriñc, Tocharian B arañce (“heart”) and Hittite 𒄩𒄩𒊑 (ḫa-ḫa-ri- /ḫaḫri-/, “lungs ~ midriff ?”) (exact meaning uncertain), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eh₂-ri-, *h₂eh₂-r-en- (“an internal organ”). Compare also Old Irish áru and Welsh aren (“kidney”).


bos

la-noun

bōs m or f (irregular, genitive bovis); third declension

bōs (canonical feminine masculine)
bovis (genitive)
bōs (nominative singular)
bovēs (nominative plural)
bovis (genitive singular)
boum (genitive plural)
bovum (genitive plural)
boverum (genitive plural)
bovī (dative singular)
bōbus (dative plural)
būbus (dative plural)
bovibus (dative plural)
bovem (accusative singular)
bovēs (accusative plural)
bove (ablative singular)
bovīd (ablative singular)
bōbus (ablative plural)
būbus (ablative plural)
bovibus (ablative plural)
bōs (singular vocative)
bovēs (plural vocative)

Balkan-Romance:

Aromanian: bou

Megleno-Romanian: bou

Romanian: bou

Dalmatian:

bu

Italo-Romance:

Corsican: boiu

Italian: bove, bue

Sicilian: voi

Padanian:

Emilian: beu, bò

Friulian: bo

Ligurian: beu

Lombard: beu, bò; beuiv (alpine)

Piedmontese: beu, bò

Romagnol: bò, bo

Romansch: bov

Venetian: bo

Northern Gallo-Romance:

Bourguignon: beu

Franco-Provençal: bôf

Bressan: bœuf

Savoyard: buef

Old French: buef

French: bœuf

→ English: beef

→ Portuguese: bife

→ Spanish: bife

Southern Gallo-Romance:

Aragonese: bue, uei, buei

Catalan: bou

desctree

Old Occitan: bou, bueu
Auvergnat: beu, bueu
Gascon: buèu, bueu, beu, bieu, büu
Languedocien: buòu, biòu
Provençal: buou, bou
Vivaro-Alpine: buou

Ibero-Romance:

Old Leonese: buee

Asturian: bue, güe, buoi, buei, güei

Old Galician-Portuguese: boi
Galician: boi
Portuguese: boi

Old Spanish: buey
Ladino: buey
Spanish: buey

Insular Romance:

desc

Sardinian: boe, foe, voe (Logudorese-Nuorese); boi (Campidanese), boi, boe (Logudorese-Nuorese) (Campidanese)

Borrowings:

→ Esperanto: bovo

Irregular, for the expected **vōs/**ūs, accusative **vom, oblique stem **vov-, from Proto-Italic *gʷōs, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷṓws, which also gave Ancient Greek βοῦς (boûs), Sanskrit गो (go) (nominative singular gaúḥ), and English cow.
Most likely a borrowing from Sabellic (Oscan-Umbrian), attested as Umbrian bum (acc.sg.), bue (abl.sg.), buo (gen.pl.), buf (acc.pl.) all spelling /bō-/. This was likely motivated by the fact that the expected form would have produced an undesirable homonymic clash: with vōs (“you”) in the nominative and with ovis (“sheep”) in the oblique. It's unclear whether the borrowing included the entire paradigm, or just the initial consonant.

Hoc iuncti boves, hoc paratus equus, hoc data arma denuntiant.

The yoked oxen, the harnessed steed, the gift of arms, proclaim this fact.

head of cattle (cow, bull, steer, or ox)


Aaron

la-proper noun

Aarōn m sg (variously declined, genitive Aarōn or Aarōnis); indeclinable, third declension

Aarōn (canonical masculine singular)
Aarōn (genitive)
Aarōnis (genitive)
Aarōn (nominative singular)
Aarōn (genitive singular)
Aarōnis (genitive singular)
Aarōn (dative singular)
Aarōnī (dative singular)
Aarōn (accusative singular)
Aarōnem (accusative singular)
Aarōn (ablative singular)
Aarōne (ablative singular)
Aarōn (singular vocative)

→ Catalan: Aaró, Aaron

→ Chinese: 亞倫／亚伦 (Yàlún, Yǎlún)

→ Danish: Aron
→ Greenlandic: Aalut

→ Dutch: Aäron

→ English: Aaron

→ Estonian: Aaron

→ Faroese: Aron

→ Finnish: Aaron, Aron

→ French: Aaron

→ German: Aaron

→ Hungarian: Áron

→ Icelandic: Aron

→ Irish: Árón

→ Italian: Aronne

→ Korean: 아론 (Aron)

→ Lithuanian: Aronas

→ Maltese: Aronn

→ Maori: Arona

→ Northern Sami: Áron

→ Norwegian: Aron

→ Polish: Aaron

→ Portuguese: Aarão

→ Russian: Ааро́н (Aarón), Аро́н (Arón)

→ Kazakh: Арон (Aron)

→ Spanish: Aarón

→ Swedish: Aron

In qua facie ad faciem visibilem se ei repromiserat, etiam ad Aaronem dicens […]

207 CE – 208 CE, Tertullian, Adversus Marcionem 22.15

He promised that he would be visible to him face to face, even saying to Aaron […]

(Ecclesiastical Latin) Aaron (biblical figure)


sphinx

la-noun

sphinx f (genitive sphingis); third declension

sphingis (genitive)
sphinx (nominative singular)
sphingēs (nominative plural)
sphinges (nominative plural)
sphingis (genitive singular)
sphingos (genitive singular)
sphingum (genitive plural)
sphingī (dative singular)
sphingibus (dative plural)
sphingem (accusative singular)
sphinga (accusative singular)
sphingēs (accusative plural)
sphingas (accusative plural)
sphinge (ablative singular)
sphingibus (ablative plural)
sphinx (singular vocative)
sphingēs (plural vocative)
sphinges (plural vocative)

From Ancient Greek Σφίγξ (Sphínx), perhaps from σφίγγω (sphíngō, “to squeeze, to strangle”) or from Egyptian Szp:p-A53-anx-n:x (šzp-ꜥnḫ, “divine image”, literally “living image”).

der

<i class="Latn mention" lang="egy">šzp-ꜥnḫ</i>


cadaver

la-noun

cadāver n (genitive cadāveris); third declension

cadāver (canonical neuter)
cadāveris (genitive)
cadāver (nominative singular)
cadāvera (nominative plural)
cadāveris (genitive singular)
cadāverum (genitive plural)
cadāverī (dative singular)
cadāveribus (dative plural)
cadāver (accusative singular)
cadāvera (accusative plural)
cadāvere (ablative singular)
cadāveribus (ablative plural)
cadāver (singular vocative)
cadāvera (plural vocative)

desc

Asturian: cadávere, calabre, cadabre, cadarma

Catalan: cadàver

Padanian:

Romagnol: cadêvar

English: cadaver

desctree

French: cadavre
→ Romanian: cadavru
→? Turkish: kadavra

Galician: cadáver, cadavre

Italian: cadavere
→? Turkish: kadavra

Neapolitan: cadavere

Portuguese: cadáver

Spanish: cadáver

[käˈd̪äːu̯ɛr]

From the Latin verb cadō (“I fall”), as a euphemism for dying, "the fallen one". This etymology is found as early as ca. 200 C.E. in the writings of Tertullian, who associated cadaver to cadendo:
*
c. 160 CE – c. 225 CE, Tertullian, De Resurrectione Carnis 18:
Atque adeo caro est quae morte subruitur, ut exinde a cadendo cadaver enuntietur.
Indeed, the flesh is that which is subsumed by death, and may thereafter be termed "cadaver."
A folk etymology derives cadaver syllabically from the Latin expression caro data vermibus (flesh given to worms). This etymology, more popular in Romance countries, can be traced back as early as the Schoolmen of the Middle Ages.


sons

la-adj

sōns (genitive sontis); third-declension one-termination adjective

sōns (canonical)
sontis (genitive)
sōns (feminine masculine neuter nominative singular)
sontēs (feminine masculine nominative plural)
sontia (neuter nominative plural)
sontis (feminine genitive masculine neuter singular)
sontium (feminine genitive masculine neuter plural)
sontum (feminine genitive masculine neuter plural)
sontī (dative feminine masculine neuter singular)
sontibus (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
sontem (accusative feminine masculine singular)
sōns (accusative neuter singular)
sontēs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
sontia (accusative neuter plural)
sontī (ablative feminine masculine neuter singular)
sontibus (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
sōns (feminine masculine neuter singular vocative)
sontēs (feminine masculine plural vocative)
sontia (neuter plural vocative)

From Proto-Italic *sonts (see *som), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁s-ónt-s, the present participle of *h₁es- (whence also sum). Due to vowel reduction, it appears as -sēns in compounded forms of sum. Thus "he who is it", "the real person", "the guilty one". Compare English sooth for an exact cognate, and sin for the same semantic development.


sons

la-noun

sōns m (genitive sontis); third declension

sōns (canonical masculine)
sontis (genitive)
sōns (nominative singular)
sontēs (nominative plural)
sontis (genitive singular)
sontium (genitive plural)
sontum (genitive plural)
sontī (dative singular)
sontibus (dative plural)
sontem (accusative singular)
sontēs (accusative plural)
sontīs (accusative plural)
sonte (ablative singular)
sontibus (ablative plural)
sōns (singular vocative)
sontēs (plural vocative)


omen

ōmen n (genitive ōminis); third declension

ōmen (canonical neuter)
ōminis (genitive)
ōmen (nominative singular)
ōmina (nominative plural)
ōminis (genitive singular)
ōminum (genitive plural)
ōminī (dative singular)
ōminibus (dative plural)
ōmen (accusative singular)
ōmina (accusative plural)
ōmine (ablative singular)
ōminibus (ablative plural)
ōmen (singular vocative)
ōmina (plural vocative)

Dutch: omen

English: omen

German: Omen

Norwegian:

Norwegian Bokmål: omen

Norwegian Nynorsk: omen

From Old Latin osmen, of uncertain origin, with many origins proposed:
* Ancient authors derived it from ōs (“mouth”).
* Derived from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ew- (“to see, perceive”) (whence audiō) or from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ew- (“to perceive”), whence Ancient Greek οἴομαι (oíomai, “I think, believe, suppose”).
* Per Beneviste and Oettinger, connected to Hittite [script needed] (hā-ᶻᶦ, “to believe, trust”) via a supposed Proto-Indo-European *h₂e/oh₃-s-mn (“trust”). De Vaan considers this semantically unconvincing.
* Per De Vaan (who doubts the authenticity of the Old Latin form osmen), most likely from Proto-Italic *okʷsmn- (“sighting, omen”), from an s-present form of Proto-Indo-European *h₃ekʷ- (“to see; eye”) + *-men (whence -men).
* An alternative theory by Meier-Brügger derives the word from Proto-Indo-European *Hoģ-smen (“speech, what was predicted”), from an o-grade of Proto-Indo-European *h₁eǵ- (“to say”) (whence aiō (“id”)). This is semantically attractive, but requires the existence of the otherwise unattested-in-Latin o-grade of aiō, as well as an atypical formation of a smen-derivative from the Proto-Indo-European perfect *He-Hoǵ-.

der

[…] Quod omen res consecuta est; ipsa enim brevi mortua est, virgo autem nupsit, cui Caecilia nupta fuerat. Haec posse contemni vel etiam rideri praeclare intellego, sed id ipsum est deos non putare, quae ab iis significantur, contemnere.

[…] And this was a sign of what came to pass, for in a short time Caecilia died and the girl married her aunt's husband. I realize perfectly well that these omens may be lightly regarded and even be laughed at, but to make light of signs sent by the gods is nothing less than to disbelieve in the existence of the gods.

non cedit Veiiento, sed ut fanaticus oestro / percussus, Bellona, tuo diuinat et "ingens / omen habes" inquit "magni clarique triumphi..."

Veiientus yields not, but as one inspired by the maddening / influence of the goddess Bellona, prophesies. "A mighty / token this you possess" he says "of some great and illustrious triumph..."

state of affairs
state of affairs#English

omen, sign, harbinger, portent, token (an object or occurrence believed to portend or predict a future event, circumstance, situation, or state of affairs)


administrator

la-noun

administrātor m (genitive administrātōris); third declension

administrātor (canonical masculine)
administrātōris (genitive)
administrātor (nominative singular)
administrātōrēs (nominative plural)
administrātōris (genitive singular)
administrātōrum (genitive plural)
administrātōrī (dative singular)
administrātōribus (dative plural)
administrātōrem (accusative singular)
administrātōrēs (accusative plural)
administrātōre (ablative singular)
administrātōribus (ablative plural)
administrātor (singular vocative)
administrātōrēs (plural vocative)

Catalan: administrador

English: administrator

French: administrateur

Hungarian: adminisztrátor

Italian: amministratore

Portuguese: administrador

Romanian: administrator

desc

администра́тор

Russian: администра́тор m (administrátor)

Spanish: administrador

[äd̪mɪnɪs̠ˈt̪räːt̪ɔr]

From administrō (“attend upon, assist”) + -tor, from ad- (“to”) + ministrō (“attend, manage”).


gnomon

la-noun

gnōmōn m (genitive gnōmonis); third declension

gnōmōn (canonical masculine)
gnōmonis (genitive)
gnōmōn (nominative singular)
gnōmonēs (nominative plural)
gnōmonis (genitive singular)
gnōmonum (genitive plural)
gnōmonī (dative singular)
gnōmonibus (dative plural)
gnōmonem (accusative singular)
gnōmonēs (accusative plural)
gnōmone (ablative singular)
gnōmonibus (ablative plural)
gnōmōn (singular vocative)
gnōmonēs (plural vocative)

All borrowed

Catalan: gnòmon

English: gnomon

French: gnomon

Italian: gnomone

Portuguese: gnômon

Romanian: gnomon

Spanish: gnomon

Borrowed from Ancient Greek γνώμων (gnṓmōn, “discerner, interpreter; gnomon of a sundial”), from γιγνώσκω (gignṓskō, “to be aware of; to perceive; to know”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ǵneh₃- (“to know”).

bor+

gnomon; rod or pillar on a sundial whose shadow is used to indicate the time


mos

la-noun

mōs m (genitive mōris); third declension

mōs (canonical masculine)
mōris (genitive)
mōs (nominative singular)
mōrēs (nominative plural)
mōris (genitive singular)
mōrum (genitive plural)
mōrī (dative singular)
mōribus (dative plural)
mōrem (accusative singular)
mōrēs (accusative plural)
mōre (ablative singular)
mōribus (ablative plural)
mōs (singular vocative)
mōrēs (plural vocative)

Italian: more

Dutch: mores

English: meo more, mores

French: mœurs

Romanian: moare

Root noun interpreted as s-stem noun of uncertain origin. Generally believed to derive from Proto-Indo-European *moh₁-, *meh₁- (“to intend/to be intent upon, to be of strong will”), whence Ancient Greek μαίομαι (maíomai, “to strive”) and perhaps Ancient Greek Μοῦσᾰ (Moûsa, “Muse”), and also English mood. It has been conjectured that some senses of mōs, such as those having to do with "manner" and "way", may indicate a possible derivation from Proto-Indo-European *med- (“to measure”), compare and contrast modus; if that is true, it would seem to suggest an example of combined etymology or etymologic conflation.

der

Quid istuc, quaeso? qui istic mos est, Clitipho? itane fieri oportet?

163 BCE, Publius Terentius Afer, Heauton Timorumenos

Tell me, what are you up to? What sort of behavior’s this, Clitipho? Is this the proper way to act?

Ceterum asperitas locorum et Celtiberis, quibus in proelio concursare mos est, velocitatem inutilem faciebat...

27 BCE – 9 BCE, Titus Livius, Ab Urbe Condita Libri 28

But the roughness of the ground made nimbleness of no use to the Celtiberians, whose manner it is to be skirmishers in battle...

Magna ergo me voluptas subiit contemplantem mores Scipionis ac nostros.

60 CE – 65 CE, Lucius Annaeus Seneca, Epistulae Morales ad Lucilium Epistula LXXXVI

It was therefore a great pleasure to me to contrast Scipio’s ways with our own.

manner (of behaving), way (of behaving); behavior, conduct

Vah! quam vellem etiam noctu amicis operam mos esset dari!

160 BCE, Publius Terentius Afer, Adelphoe

Oh! How I wish it was the custom to offer services to friends at night as well!

Interfectum esse L. Catilinam et gravissimo supplicio adfectum iam pridem oportebat, idque a me et mos maiorum et huius imperi severitas et res publica postulabat.

63 BCE, Marcus Tullius Cicero, Oratio in Catilinam Secunda

Lucius Catilina ought to have suffered the supreme penalty and been put to death long ago, a course required of me by the practice of our ancestors, the stern tradition of my office, and by interests of state.

Ceterum mos partium popularium et factionum ac deinde omnium malarum artium paucis ante annis Romae ortus est otio atque abundantia earum rerum quae prima mortales ducunt.

41 BCE – 40 BCE, Gaius Sallustius Crispus, De Bello Iugurthino

Furthermore, the usage of political groups and factions, and afterward of all evil practices, originated at Rome a few years before this as the result of peacetime and of an abundance of those things that mortals prize most highly.

...qui quidem mos ut tabes in urbem coiectus...

40 BCE – 35 BCE, Gaius Sallustius Crispus, Historiae Liber IV

...which habit, in truth, foisted upon the City, like a plague...

...nullis polluitur casta domus stupris, mos et lex maculosum edomuit nefas...

13 BCE, Quintus Horatius Flaccus, Carmina, Liber IV

...the home is pure, unstained by any lewdness, custom and law have gained control over the plague of vice...

Mos antiquis fuit usque ad meam servatus aetatem.

60 CE – 65 CE, Lucius Annaeus Seneca, Epistulae Morales ad Lucilium Epistula XV

The old Romans had a custom which survived even into my lifetime.

Reversus e Graecia Neapolim, quod in ea primum artem protulerat, albis equis introiit disiecta parte muri, ut mos hieronicarum est...

121 CE, Gaius Suetonius Tranquillus, De vita Caesarum Liber VI: Nero

Returning from Greece, since it was at Naples that he had made his first appearance, he entered that city with white horses through a part of the wall which had been thrown down, as is the custom with victors in the sacred games...

...ut triumphaturi Caesares inde laureas decerperent; fuitque mos triumphantibus, alias confestim eodem loco pangere; et observatum est sub cuiusque obitum arborem ab ipso institutam elanguisse.

121 CE, Gaius Suetonius Tranquillus, De vita Caesarum Liber VII: Galba

...moreover it was the habit of those who triumphed to plant other branches at once in that same place, and it was observed that just before the death of each of them the tree which he had planted withered.

Edepol te, mea Antiphila, laudo et fortunatam iudico, id quom studuisti isti formae ut mores consimiles forent...

In heaven’s name, my dear Antiphila, I congratulate you and I judge you fortunate, in that you have made it your concern to see that your temperament matches your beauty...

Vobis cum uno semel ubi aetatem agere decretumst viro, quoius mos maxume consimilis vostrum, hi se ad vos applicant.

With you, on the other hand, once you have decided to live your life with the one man whose disposition is most compatible with yours, they devote themselves to you.

Spondebo enim tibi, vel potius spondeo in meque recipio, eos esse M'. Curii mores eamque quum probitatem, tum etiam humanitatem, ut eum et amicitia tua et tam accurata commendatione, si tibi sit cognitus, dignum sis existimaturus.

62 BCE – 43 BCE, Marcus Tullius Cicero, Epistulae ad Familiares 13.17.3

I shall pledge my word to you, or rather give you my promise and solemn undertaking, that such is M'. Curius's character, such his integrity and his kindliness combined, that if you make his acquaintance, you will assuredly deem him worthy of both your friendship and of so elaborate a recommendation.

Multa sine dubio saevaque Augustus de moribus adulescentis questus, ut exilium eius senatus consulto sanciretur, perfecerat; ceterum in nullius umquam suorum necem duravit, neque mortem nepoti pro securitate privigni inlatam credibile erat. Propius vero Tiberium ac Liviam, illum metu, hanc novercalibus odiis, suspecti et invisi iuvenis caedem festinavisse. Nuntianti centurioni, ut mos militiae, factum esse quod imperasset, neque imperasse sese et rationem facti reddendam apud senatum respondit.

116 CE, Gaius Cornelius Tacitus, Annales

It was beyond question that by his frequent and bitter strictures on the youth’s character Augustus had procured the senatorial decree for his exile: on the other hand, at no time did he harden his heart to the killing of a relative, and it remained incredible that he should have sacrificed the life of a grandchild in order to diminish the anxieties of a stepson. More probably, Tiberius and Livia, actuated in the one case by fear, and in the other by stepmotherly dislike, hurriedly procured the murder of a youth whom they suspected and detested. To the centurion who brought the usual military report, that his instructions had been carried out, the emperor rejoined that he had given no instructions and the deed would have to be accounted for in the senate.

(predominantly plural) character; disposition, inclination, temperament

Tu dedisti iam, hic daturust: istuc habeo, hoc expeto. Uerum utrique mos geratur amborum ex sententia.

190 BCE, Titus Maccius Plautus, Truculentus

You have already given, he will still give: yours I have, his I’m seeking. But each of you will be gratified according to your wishes.

Mos tibi geretur. Sed quid hoc, quaeso?

191 BCE, Titus Maccius Plautus, Pseudolus

I will obey you. But what’s this, please?

Ibam forte Via Sacra, sicut meus est mos nescio quid meditans nugarum, totus in illis...

35 BCE – 34 BCE, Quintus Horatius Flaccus, Satira IX

I was strolling by chance along the Sacred Way, a musing after my fashion (literally, as is my custom) on some trifle or other, and wholly intent thereon...

(transf.) quality, nature, mode, fashion

O tempora, o mores! Senatus haec intellegit, consul videt; hic tamen vivit. Vivit?

63 BCE, Marcus Tullius Cicero, Oratio in Catilinam Prima

Shame on the age and on its principles! The senate is aware of these things; the consul sees them; and yet this man lives. Lives?


pollen

la-noun

pollen n (genitive pollinis); third declension

pollinis (genitive)
pollen (nominative singular)
pollina (nominative plural)
pollinis (genitive singular)
pollinum (genitive plural)
pollinī (dative singular)
pollinibus (dative plural)
pollen (accusative singular)
pollina (accusative plural)
polline (ablative singular)
pollinibus (ablative plural)
pollen (singular vocative)
pollina (plural vocative)

Italian: polline

Neapolitan: ponila (Taranto), ponnula (Lecce)

Sardinian: poddine, poddini

→ Catalan: pol·len

→ English: pollen

→ French: pollen

→ German: Pollen

→ Portuguese: pólen

→ Romanian: polen

→ Spanish: polen

From Proto-Indo-European *pel- (“flour, dust”); compare with pulvis and Ancient Greek πάλη (pálē, “the finest meal”, “any fine dust”).

cog

(literally) flour, especially fine flour, milldust

pollen piperis

pollen tūris

aliquid in pollen tundere

(transferred sense) the (very) fine powder or dust of other things


batis

la-noun

batis f (genitive batis); third declension

batis (genitive)
batis (nominative singular)
batēs (nominative plural)
batis (genitive singular)
batium (genitive plural)
batī (dative singular)
batibus (dative plural)
batem (accusative singular)
batēs (accusative plural)
batīs (accusative plural)
bate (ablative singular)
batibus (ablative plural)
batis (singular vocative)
batēs (plural vocative)


pedo

pedō m (genitive pedōnis); third declension

pedō (canonical masculine)
pedōnis (genitive)
pedō (nominative singular)
pedōnēs (nominative plural)
pedōnis (genitive singular)
pedōnum (genitive plural)
pedōnī (dative singular)
pedōnibus (dative plural)
pedōnem (accusative singular)
pedōnēs (accusative plural)
pedōne (ablative singular)
pedōnibus (ablative plural)
pedō (singular vocative)
pedōnēs (plural vocative)

Italo-Romance:

Italian: pedone

Sicilian: piduni

North Italian:

Lombard: pedon

Ligurian: peon

Piedmontese: pivon

Gallo-Romance:

Catalan: peó

Old French: peon (see there for further descendants)

Old Occitan: pezon

Occitan: peon

Ibero-Romance:

Old Galician-Portuguese: peon

Galician: peón

Portuguese: peão, pião

Old Spanish: pedon

Spanish: peón

From ped- (“foot”) + -ō (noun-forming suffix). Found only in late glosses. Replaced the Classical equivalent pedĕs, since the latter was at risk of homophony with pedēs ("feet", and other inflections thereof) due to ongoing sound changes in the vernacular. Romance inherited sense 1, often with transferred meanings like 'footsoldier', 'peasant'.


cursor

la-noun

cursor m (genitive cursōris); third declension

cursōris (genitive)
cursor (nominative singular)
cursōrēs (nominative plural)
cursōris (genitive singular)
cursōrum (genitive plural)
cursōrī (dative singular)
cursōribus (dative plural)
cursōrem (accusative singular)
cursōrēs (accusative plural)
cursōre (ablative singular)
cursōribus (ablative plural)
cursor (singular vocative)
cursōrēs (plural vocative)

English: cursor

French: curseur

Italian: cursore

Norman: curseu (Jersey)

Portuguese: cursor

Romanian: cursor

Spanish: cursor

a slave, who ran before the chariot of a grandee, forerunner


kilogramma

kilogramma n (genitive kilogrammatis); third declension

kilogrammatis (genitive)
kilogramma (nominative singular)
kilogrammata (nominative plural)
kilogrammatis (genitive singular)
kilogrammatum (genitive plural)
kilogrammatī (dative singular)
kilogrammatibus (dative plural)
kilogramma (accusative singular)
kilogrammata (accusative plural)
kilogrammate (ablative singular)
kilogrammatibus (ablative plural)
kilogramma (singular vocative)
kilogrammata (plural vocative)

From French kilogramme, itself a Classicalizing compound from Ancient Greek χῑλιάς (khīliás, “thousand”) and Ancient Greek γράμμα (grámma, “scruple, gram”)


vertex

la-noun

vertex m (genitive verticis); third declension

verticis (genitive)
vertex (nominative singular)
verticēs (nominative plural)
verticis (genitive singular)
verticum (genitive plural)
verticī (dative singular)
verticibus (dative plural)
verticem (accusative singular)
verticēs (accusative plural)
vertice (ablative singular)
verticibus (ablative plural)
vertex (singular vocative)
verticēs (plural vocative)

desc

Lombard: vierdza, verdza, értes, vértisa (“parting of the hair”)

Piedmontese: verdz̆a (“peak”)

Romansch: viertsch, vertscha

→ Old French: vertiz (“top of the head”)

→ Old Occitan: vertitz, vertis

→ English: vertex

→ French: vertex

→ Italian: vertice

→ Portuguese: vértice

→ Sicilian: vèrtici

→ Spanish: vértice

From vertō (“to turn around, turn about”).

eddy of wind or flame, whirlwind, coil of flame

(literally, anatomy) top, crown of the head

vacuus vertex

a vertice

in verticem

highest point, top, peak, summit (of a mountain, house, tree, etc.)

(figurative, poetic) highest, uttermost, greatest


saio

la-noun

saiō m (genitive saiōnis); third declension

saiō (canonical masculine)
saiōnis (genitive)
saiō (nominative singular)
saiōnēs (nominative plural)
saiōnis (genitive singular)
saiōnum (genitive plural)
saiōnī (dative singular)
saiōnibus (dative plural)
saiōnem (accusative singular)
saiōnēs (accusative plural)
saiōne (ablative singular)
saiōnibus (ablative plural)
saiō (singular vocative)
saiōnēs (plural vocative)


Adonis

la-proper noun

Adōnis m sg (genitive Adōnidis); third declension

Adōnis (canonical masculine singular)
Adōnidis (genitive)
Adōnis (nominative singular)
Adōnidis (genitive singular)
Adōnis (genitive singular)
Adōnidī (dative singular)
Adōnidem (accusative singular)
Adōnem (accusative singular)
Adōnim (accusative singular)
Adōnin (accusative singular)
Adōnide (ablative singular)
Adōne (ablative singular)
Adōni (singular vocative)

[äˈd̪oːnɪs̠]

A river in Phoenicia, now the Abraham River


caro

la-noun

carō f (genitive carnis); third declension

carō (canonical feminine)
carnis (genitive)
carō (nominative singular)
carnēs (nominative plural)
carnis (genitive singular)
carnum (genitive plural)
carnium (genitive plural)
carnī (dative singular)
carnibus (dative plural)
carnem (accusative singular)
carnēs (accusative plural)
carne (ablative singular)
carnibus (ablative plural)
carō (singular vocative)
carnēs (plural vocative)

Aromanian: carni, carne, carrã, carre

Asturian: carne

Dalmatian: cuarne

Franco-Provençal: chèrn

Friulian: cjâr, cjar

Italian: carne

Middle French: carnage

→ English: carnage

French: carnage

Old French: char, charn, caroigne

English: carrion

Gallo: char

Middle French: chair, char, charogne

French: chair, charogne

→ Norman: chair

Norman: carogne

Walloon: tchå

Italian: carogna

Spanish: carroña

Old Occitan: carn, charn

Catalan: carn

Occitan: carn

Old Galician-Portuguese: carne, acaron

Galician: carne, a carón

Portuguese: carne

Piedmontese: carn

Romanian: carne

Romansch: charn, tgarn

Sardinian: carre (Logudorese, Nuorese), carri (Campidanese, Gallurese, Sassarese)

Sicilian: carni

Spanish: carne

Venetian: carne

From Proto-Italic *karō, from Proto-Indo-European *ker-, *(s)ker-. Cognate with Dutch scheren, German scheren, Norwegian skjære, Swedish skära; and (from Indo-European) with Ancient Greek κείρω (keírō, “I cut off”), English shear, Albanian harr (“to cut, to mow”), Lithuanian skìrti (“to separate”), Welsh ysgar (“separate”). See also sharp.

cog

Carne opus est, sī satur esse velīs.

It is meat that you need, if you want to be sated.

flesh of the human body, as the seat of the passions

(metonymically) soft part of a precious stone


inductor

la-noun

inductor m (genitive inductōris); third declension

inductōris (genitive)
inductor (nominative singular)
inductōrēs (nominative plural)
inductōris (genitive singular)
inductōrum (genitive plural)
inductōrī (dative singular)
inductōribus (dative plural)
inductōrem (accusative singular)
inductōrēs (accusative plural)
inductōre (ablative singular)
inductōribus (ablative plural)
inductor (singular vocative)
inductōrēs (plural vocative)

[ɪn̪ˈd̪ʊkt̪ɔr]

From indūcō (“lead, bring in”) + -tor (“-er”, agent suffix).

suffix

one who stirs up or rouses one, a chastiser, scourger


-itis

-ītis (canonical feminine)
-ītidis (genitive)
-ītis (nominative singular)
-ītidēs (nominative plural)
-ītidis (genitive singular)
-ītidum (genitive plural)
-ītidī (dative singular)
-ītidibus (dative plural)
-ītidem (accusative singular)
-ītidēs (accusative plural)
-ītide (ablative singular)
-ītidibus (ablative plural)
-ītis (singular vocative)
-ītidēs (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek -ῖτις (-îtis, “pertaining to”).

lbor

(New Latin, pathology) -itis (suffix denoting diseases characterized by inflammation, itself often caused by an infection)


australis

la-adj

austrālis (neuter austrāle, superlative austrālissimus); third-declension two-termination adjective

austrālis (canonical)
austrāle (neuter)
austrālissimus (superlative)
austrālis (feminine masculine nominative singular)
austrāle (neuter nominative singular)
austrālēs (feminine masculine nominative plural)
austrālia (neuter nominative plural)
austrālis (feminine genitive masculine neuter singular)
austrālium (feminine genitive masculine neuter plural)
austrālī (dative feminine masculine neuter singular)
austrālibus (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
austrālem (accusative feminine masculine singular)
austrāle (accusative neuter singular)
austrālēs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
austrālīs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
austrālia (accusative neuter plural)
austrālī (ablative feminine masculine neuter singular)
austrālibus (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
austrālis (feminine masculine singular vocative)
austrāle (neuter singular vocative)
austrālēs (feminine masculine plural vocative)
austrālia (neuter plural vocative)

→ Catalan: austral

→ English: austral

→ French: austral

→ German: austral, australisch

→ Italian: australe

→ Portuguese: austral

→ Romanian: austral

→ Spanish: austral

[äu̯s̠ˈt̪räːlʲɪs̠]

specific epithet
specific epithet#English

(New Latin) (as a specific epithet) Australian


australis

la-noun

austrālis m (genitive austrālis); third declension

austrālis (canonical masculine)
austrālis (genitive)
austrālis (nominative singular)
austrālēs (nominative plural)
austrālis (genitive singular)
austrālium (genitive plural)
austrālī (dative singular)
austrālibus (dative plural)
austrālem (accusative singular)
austrālēs (accusative plural)
austrālīs (accusative plural)
austrāle (ablative singular)
austrālibus (ablative plural)
austrālis (singular vocative)
austrālēs (plural vocative)

[äu̯s̠ˈt̪räːlʲɪs̠]


Euphrates

la-prop

Euphrātēs m sg (variously declined, genitive Euphrātis or Euphrātae); third declension, first declension

Euphrātēs (canonical masculine singular)
Euphrātis (genitive)
Euphrātae (genitive)
Euphrātēs (nominative singular)
Euphrātis (genitive singular)
Euphrātae (genitive singular)
Euphrātī (dative singular)
Euphrātae (dative singular)
Euphrātem (accusative singular)
Euphrātēn (accusative singular)
Euphrāte (ablative singular)
Euphrātē (ablative singular)
Euphrātēs (singular vocative)
Euphrātē (singular vocative)
Euphrātī (locative singular)
Euphrāte (locative singular)
Euphrātae (locative singular)

[ɛu̯ˈpʰräːt̪eːs̠]

From Ancient Greek Εὐφράτης (Euphrátēs), from Old Persian 𐎢𐎳𐎼𐎠𐎬𐎢 (u-f-r-a-tu-u /ʰUfrātuš/), itself from Akkadian 𒀀𒇉𒌓𒄒𒉣 (^(ÍD)Purattu), from Sumerian 𒀀𒇉𒌓𒄒𒉣 (^(ÍD)Buranun). See English etymology for further details.

der

A philosopher in the time of Pliny the Younger.


Euphrates

la-prop

Euphrātēs m (genitive Euphrātis); third declension

Euphrātēs (canonical masculine)
Euphrātis (genitive)
Euphrātēs (nominative singular)
Euphrātēs (nominative plural)
Euphrātis (genitive singular)
Euphrātum (genitive plural)
Euphrātī (dative singular)
Euphrātibus (dative plural)
Euphrātem (accusative singular)
Euphrātēs (accusative plural)
Euphrāte (ablative singular)
Euphrātibus (ablative plural)
Euphrātēs (singular vocative)
Euphrātēs (plural vocative)

[ɛu̯ˈpʰräːt̪eːs̠]

Those who dwell on the banks of the Euphrates river.


acerbitas

la-noun

acerbitās f (genitive acerbitātis); third declension

acerbitās (canonical feminine)
acerbitātis (genitive)
acerbitās (nominative singular)
acerbitātēs (nominative plural)
acerbitātis (genitive singular)
acerbitātum (genitive plural)
acerbitātī (dative singular)
acerbitātibus (dative plural)
acerbitātem (accusative singular)
acerbitātēs (accusative plural)
acerbitāte (ablative singular)
acerbitātibus (ablative plural)
acerbitās (singular vocative)
acerbitātēs (plural vocative)

English: acerbity

Galician: acerbidade

Italian: acerbità

Portuguese: acerbidade

Spanish: acerbidad

[äˈkɛrbɪt̪äːs̠]

sourness of taste, with bitterness and astringency, like that of unripe fruit


Tigris

la-proper noun

Tigris m sg (genitive Tigridis); third declension

Tigridis (genitive)
Tigris (nominative singular)
Tigridis (genitive singular)
Tigridī (dative singular)
Tigridim (accusative singular)
Tigridin (accusative singular)
Tigride (ablative singular)
Tigridī (ablative singular)
Tigris (singular vocative)

English: Tigris

Italian: Tigri


Socrates

Sōcratēs m sg (genitive Sōcratis or Sōcratī); third declension

Sōcratēs (canonical masculine singular)
Sōcratis (genitive)
Sōcratī (genitive)
Sōcratēs (nominative singular)
Sōcratis (genitive singular)
Sōcratī (genitive singular)
Sōcratī (dative singular)
Sōcratem (accusative singular)
Sōcratēn (accusative singular)
Sōcrate (ablative singular)
Sōcratē (singular vocative)
Sōcrates (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Σωκρᾰ́της (Sōkrátēs).

5th century, Paulinus Pellaeus, Eucharisticon Deo sub ephemeridis meae textu (ΕΥΧΑΡΙϹΤΗΤΙΚΌϹ Deo sub Ephemeridis meae Textu). In: Ausonius with an English translation by Hugh G. Evelyn White. Vol. II. With the Eucharisticus of Paulinus Pellaeus, 1921, p. 312f.
Nec sero exacto primi mox tempore lustri
dogmata Socratus et bellica plasmata Homeri
erroresque legens cognoscere cogor Ulixis.

Full early, when the days of my first lustrum were well-nigh spent, I was made to con and learn the doctrines of Socrates, Homer's warlike fantasies, and Ulysses' wanderings.


author

la-noun

author m (genitive authōris); third declension

authōris (genitive)
author (nominative singular)
authōrēs (nominative plural)
authōris (genitive singular)
authōrum (genitive plural)
authōrī (dative singular)
authōribus (dative plural)
authōrem (accusative singular)
authōrēs (accusative plural)
authōre (ablative singular)
authōribus (ablative plural)
author (singular vocative)
authōrēs (plural vocative)

Late variant of auctor and autor under influence of descendants such as English author.

(New Latin, proscribed) Alternative form of auctor: source, creator, vendor, author, artist.


dos

dōs f (genitive dōtis); third declension

dōs (canonical feminine)
dōtis (genitive)
dōs (nominative singular)
dōtēs (nominative plural)
dōtis (genitive singular)
dōtum (genitive plural)
dōtium (genitive plural)
dōtī (dative singular)
dōtibus (dative plural)
dōtem (accusative singular)
dōtēs (accusative plural)
dōte (ablative singular)
dōtibus (ablative plural)
dōs (singular vocative)
dōtēs (plural vocative)

Catalan: dot

Dalmatian: duauta

French: dot

Galician: dote

Italian: dota, dote

Portuguese: dote

Sicilian: duti

Spanish: dote

From Proto-Italic *dōtis, from Proto-Indo-European *déh₃tis, from *deh₃- (“give”). Doublet of dosis. Cognate with Ancient Greek δόσις (dósis), Sanskrit दिति (díti).

‘saepe mihi Zephyrus ‘dōtēs corrumpere nōlī

“Often Zephyrus said to me, ‘Don’t destroy your own dowry.’ My dowry was of no value to me.”
(Flora (mythology) stopped caring for flowers when the early Romans neglected to worship her deity; Zephyrus, the west wind of spring, was her consort.)


alcohol

alcohol n (genitive alcoholis); third declension

alcoholis (genitive)
alcohol (nominative singular)
alcohola (nominative plural)
alcoholis (genitive singular)
alcoholum (genitive plural)
alcoholī (dative singular)
alcoholibus (dative plural)
alcohol (accusative singular)
alcohola (accusative plural)
alcohole (ablative singular)
alcoholibus (ablative plural)
alcohol (singular vocative)
alcohola (plural vocative)

→ Albanian: alkool

→ Armenian: ալկոհոլ (alkohol)

→ Asturian: alcohol

→ Catalan: alcohol

desctree

→ Dutch: alcohol, alkohol
Afrikaans: alkohol
→ Indonesian: alkohol
→ Japanese: アルコール (arukōru)
→ Pohnpeian: ahrkohl

→ Esperanto: alkoholo

→ Ido: alkoholo

→ Old French: alcohol
Middle French: alcohol
French: alcohol, alcool (see there for further descendants)
→ Middle English: alcofol
English: alcohol (see there for further descendants)

→ Galician: alcohol

→ German: Alkohol (see there for further descendants)

desc

אַלְכּוֹהוֹל

→ Hebrew: אַלְכּוֹהוֹל

→ Hebrew: אַלְכּוֹהוֹל

→ Interlingua: alcohol

→ Italian: alcool, alcol

→ Kazakh: алкоголь (alkogol)

→ Norwegian Bokmål: alkohol

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: alkohol

→ Portuguese: álcool

→ Romanian: alcool

→ Russian: алкоголь (alkogolʹ)

→ Serbo-Croatian: àlkohol/а̀лкохол

→ Slovak: alkohol

→ Slovene: alkohọ̑l

→ Ukrainian: алкоголь (alkoholʹ)

→ Spanish: alcohol

→ Basque: alkohol

[ˈäɫ̪ko(ɦ)ɔɫ̪]

From Andalusian Arabic اَلْكُحُول (al-kuḥūl), اَلْقُحُول (al-quḥūl), earlier اَلْكُحْل (al-kuḥl, “kohl”). Ultimately from Akkadian.

(Medieval Latin) kohl, collyrium, stibium

alcohol ferrī

(Medieval Latin) any other powder obtained from triturating a material

(Medieval Latin) distilled essence, spirit


Pluto

la-proper noun

Plūtō m sg (genitive Plūtōnis); third declension

Plūtō (canonical masculine singular)
Plūtōnis (genitive)
Plūtō (nominative singular)
Plūtōnis (genitive singular)
Plūtōnī (dative singular)
Plūtōnem (accusative singular)
Plūtōne (ablative singular)
Plūtō (singular vocative)

[ˈpɫ̪uːt̪oː]

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Πλούτων (Ploútōn, “god of the underworld”).

bor

(Greek mythology, Roman mythology) Pluto (god of the underworld)

Plutoni status planetae abiudicatus est a congressu astronomico mundano, qui Pragam convenerat. Astronomi enim noluerunt alia corpora caelestia, quorum aliquot maiora sunt Plutone quaeque extra orbitam eius solem circumeunt, in planetarum numerum asciscere.

2006 September 1, “Der Monatsrückblick auf Latein: Nuntii Latini mensium Iulii et Augusti 2006”, in Radio Bremen, archived from the original on 2007-09-30

(please add an English translation of this quotation)

(New Latin, astronomy) Pluto (dwarf planet)


Ulixes

la-proper noun

Ulixēs m sg (genitive Ulixis or Ulixī or Ulixeī); third declension

Ulixēs (canonical masculine singular)
Ulixis (genitive)
Ulixī (genitive)
Ulixeī (genitive)
Ulixēs (nominative singular)
Ulixis (genitive singular)
Ulixī (genitive singular)
Ulixeī (genitive singular)
Ulixī (dative singular)
Ulixem (accusative singular)
Ulixēn (accusative singular)
Ulixe (ablative singular)
Ulixēs (singular vocative)

Catalan: Ulisses

English: Ulysses

French: Ulysse

Italian: Ulisse

Old English: Aulixes

Sicilian: Ulissi

Spanish: Ulises

[ʊˈlʲɪks̠eːs̠]

According to Visser, from dialectal (probably Doric) Ancient Greek Οὐλίξης (Oulíxēs, “Odysseus”), itself from a Pre-Greek source tentatively reconstructed by Beekes as *Od/lukʸeu. Compare Etruscan 𐌖𐌈𐌖𐌆𐌄 (uθuze).


anxietas

la-noun

ānxietās f (genitive ānxietātis); third declension

ānxietās (canonical feminine)
ānxietātis (genitive)
ānxietās (nominative singular)
ānxietātēs (nominative plural)
ānxietātis (genitive singular)
ānxietātum (genitive plural)
ānxietātī (dative singular)
ānxietātibus (dative plural)
ānxietātem (accusative singular)
ānxietātēs (accusative plural)
ānxietāte (ablative singular)
ānxietātibus (ablative plural)
ānxietās (singular vocative)
ānxietātēs (plural vocative)

→ English: anxiety

→ Catalan: ansietat

→ French: anxiété

→ Galician: ansiedade

→ Italian: ansietà

→ Portuguese: ansiedade

→ Romanian: anxietate

→ Spanish: ansiedad

[äːŋkˈs̠iɛt̪äːs̠]


plurale tantum

plūrāle tantum n (genitive plūrālis tantum); third declension

plūrāle tantum (canonical neuter)
plūrālis tantum (genitive)
plūrāle tantum (nominative singular)
plūrālia tantum (nominative plural)
plūrālis tantum (genitive singular)
plūrālium tantum (genitive plural)
plūrālī tantum (dative singular)
plūrālibus tantum (dative plural)
plūrāle tantum (accusative singular)
plūrālia tantum (accusative plural)
plūrālī tantum (ablative singular)
plūrālibus tantum (ablative plural)
plūrāle tantum (singular vocative)
plūrālia tantum (plural vocative)

[pɫ̪uːˈräːɫ̪ɛ ˈt̪än̪t̪ʊ̃ˑ]


admiratio

admīrātiō f (genitive admīrātiōnis); third declension

admīrātiō (canonical feminine)
admīrātiōnis (genitive)
admīrātiō (nominative singular)
admīrātiōnēs (nominative plural)
admīrātiōnis (genitive singular)
admīrātiōnum (genitive plural)
admīrātiōnī (dative singular)
admīrātiōnibus (dative plural)
admīrātiōnem (accusative singular)
admīrātiōnēs (accusative plural)
admīrātiōne (ablative singular)
admīrātiōnibus (ablative plural)
admīrātiō (singular vocative)
admīrātiōnēs (plural vocative)

→ Catalan: admiració

→ English: admiration

→ French: admiration

→ Galician: admiración

→ Italian: ammirazione

→ Occitan: admiracion

→ Portuguese: admiração

→ Romanian: admirație

→ Spanish: admiración

From admīror (“regard with wonder”) + -tiō.