-izo

-izō (present infinitive -izāre, perfect active -izāvī, supine -izātum); first conjugation

-izō (canonical)
-izāre (infinitive present)
-izāvī (active perfect)
-izātum (supine)
-izō (active first-person indicative present singular)
-izās (active indicative present second-person singular)
-izat (active indicative present singular third-person)
-izāmus (active first-person indicative plural present)
-izātis (active indicative plural present second-person)
-izant (active indicative plural present third-person)
-izābam (active first-person imperfect indicative singular)
-izābās (active imperfect indicative second-person singular)
-izābat (active imperfect indicative singular third-person)
-izābāmus (active first-person imperfect indicative plural)
-izābātis (active imperfect indicative plural second-person)
-izābant (active imperfect indicative plural third-person)
-izābō (active first-person future indicative singular)
-izābis (active future indicative second-person singular)
-izābit (active future indicative singular third-person)
-izābimus (active first-person future indicative plural)
-izābitis (active future indicative plural second-person)
-izābunt (active future indicative plural third-person)
-izāvī (active first-person indicative perfect singular)
-izāvistī (active indicative perfect second-person singular)
-izāvit (active indicative perfect singular third-person)
-izāvimus (active first-person indicative perfect plural)
-izāvistis (active indicative perfect plural second-person)
-izāvērunt (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
-izāvēre (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
-izāveram (active first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
-izāverās (active indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
-izāverat (active indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
-izāverāmus (active first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
-izāverātis (active indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
-izāverant (active indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
-izāverō (active first-person future indicative perfect singular)
-izāveris (active future indicative perfect second-person singular)
-izāverit (active future indicative perfect singular third-person)
-izāverimus (active first-person future indicative perfect plural)
-izāveritis (active future indicative perfect plural second-person)
-izāverint (active future indicative perfect plural third-person)
-izor (first-person indicative passive present singular)
-izāris (indicative passive present second-person singular)
-izāre (indicative passive present second-person singular)
-izātur (indicative passive present singular third-person)
-izāmur (first-person indicative passive plural present)
-izāminī (indicative passive plural present second-person)
-izantur (indicative passive plural present third-person)
-izābar (first-person imperfect indicative passive singular)
-izābāris (imperfect indicative passive second-person singular)
-izābāre (imperfect indicative passive second-person singular)
-izābātur (imperfect indicative passive singular third-person)
-izābāmur (first-person imperfect indicative passive plural)
-izābāminī (imperfect indicative passive plural second-person)
-izābantur (imperfect indicative passive plural third-person)
-izābor (first-person future indicative passive singular)
-izāberis (future indicative passive second-person singular)
-izābere (future indicative passive second-person singular)
-izābitur (future indicative passive singular third-person)
-izābimur (first-person future indicative passive plural)
-izābiminī (future indicative passive plural second-person)
-izābuntur (future indicative passive plural third-person)
-izem (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
-izēs (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
-izet (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
-izēmus (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
-izētis (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
-izent (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
-izārem (active first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
-izārēs (active imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
-izāret (active imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
-izārēmus (active first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
-izārētis (active imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
-izārent (active imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
-izāverim (active first-person perfect singular subjunctive)
-izāverīs (active perfect second-person singular subjunctive)
-izāverit (active perfect singular subjunctive third-person)
-izāverīmus (active first-person perfect plural subjunctive)
-izāverītis (active perfect plural second-person subjunctive)
-izāverint (active perfect plural subjunctive third-person)
-izāvissem (active first-person pluperfect singular subjunctive)
-izāvissēs (active pluperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
-izāvisset (active pluperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
-izāvissēmus (active first-person pluperfect plural subjunctive)
-izāvissētis (active pluperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
-izāvissent (active pluperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
-izer (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
-izēris (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
-izēre (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
-izētur (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
-izēmur (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
-izēminī (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
-izentur (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
-izārer (first-person imperfect passive singular subjunctive)
-izārēris (imperfect passive second-person singular subjunctive)
-izārēre (imperfect passive second-person singular subjunctive)
-izārētur (imperfect passive singular subjunctive third-person)
-izārēmur (first-person imperfect passive plural subjunctive)
-izārēminī (imperfect passive plural second-person subjunctive)
-izārentur (imperfect passive plural subjunctive third-person)
-izā (active imperative present second-person singular)
-izāte (active imperative plural present second-person)
-izātō (active future imperative second-person singular)
-izātō (active future imperative singular third-person)
-izātōte (active future imperative plural second-person)
-izantō (active future imperative plural third-person)
-izāre (imperative passive present second-person singular)
-izāminī (imperative passive plural present second-person)
-izātor (future imperative passive second-person singular)
-izātor (future imperative passive singular third-person)
-izantor (future imperative passive plural third-person)
-izāre (active infinitive present)
-izārī (infinitive passive present third-person)
-izārier (infinitive passive present third-person)
-izāns (active participle present)
-izātūrum esse (active future infinitive)
-izātum īrī (future infinitive passive third-person)
-izātūrus (active future participle)
-izandus (future participle passive third-person)
-izāvisse (active infinitive perfect)
-izātum esse (infinitive passive perfect third-person)
-izātus (participle passive perfect third-person)
-izātum fore (future infinitive passive perfect third-person)
-izātūrum fuisse (active infinitive perfect potential)
-izandī (genitive gerund noun-from-verb)
-izandō (dative gerund noun-from-verb)
-izandum (accusative gerund noun-from-verb)
-izandō (ablative gerund noun-from-verb)
-izātum (accusative noun-from-verb supine)
-izātū (ablative noun-from-verb supine)
-idiō (alternative)

Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: -edzu, -eadzã

Romanian: -ez, -ează

Italo-Romance:

Corsican: -eghj-

Italian: -eggiare

Neapolitan: -iare

Sicilian: -ijari

Gallo-Romance:

Catalan: -ejar

Franco-Provençal: -eyér

desctree

Old French: -oiier
Middle French: -oyer
French: -oyer

Occitan: -ejar

Ibero-Romance:

Asturian: -iar, -eyar, -exar

Galician: -ear, -exar

Portuguese: -ear, -ejar

Spanish: -ear

→ Catalan: -itzar

→ Italian: -izzare

→ Hungarian: -izál

→ Middle French: -iser

French: -iser

→ Dutch: -iseren

→ English: -ize, -ise

→ German: -isieren
→ Russian: -изи́ровать (-izírovatʹ)

→ Romansch: -iza

→ Occitan: -izar

→ Portuguese: -izar

→ Romanian: -iza

→ Sicilian: -izzari

→ Spanish: -izar

Borrowed from Ancient Greek -ίζω (-ízō). At first limited to borrowings from Greek but later become a productive suffix of its own. The same Greek suffix was earlier borrowed as -issō.

Used to form similative verbs from nouns and adjectives.


-logia

la-suffix-noun

-logia f (genitive -logiae); first declension

→ Arabic: -لوجيا (lōjya)

→ Bulgarian: -логия (-logija)

→ Catalan: -logia

→ Danish: -logi

→ Dutch: -logie

→ English: -logy

→ Finnish: -logia

→ Galician: -loxía

→ German: -logie (esp. Early New High German: -logei)

→ Greek: -λογία (-logía)

→ Italian: -logia

→ Portuguese: -logia

→ Serbo-Croatian: -logija

→ Spanish: -logía

→ Swedish: -logi

-logy; the study or logical discourse of


-atio

-ātiō (canonical feminine)
-ātiō (nominative singular)
-ātiōnēs (nominative plural)
-ātiōnis (genitive singular)
-ātiōnum (genitive plural)
-ātiōnī (dative singular)
-ātiōnibus (dative plural)
-ātiōnem (accusative singular)
-ātiōnēs (accusative plural)
-ātiōne (ablative singular)
-ātiōnibus (ablative plural)
-ātiō (singular vocative)
-ātiōnēs (plural vocative)

By rebracketing of words formed from first conjugation verbs, such as accūsātiō (accūsāre + -tiō), where -ā- is part of the stem.

gradus + -ātiō → gradātiō


-sco

la-suffix-verb

-scō (present infinitive -scere, perfect active -ī, supine -um); third conjugation

-scō (canonical)
-scere (infinitive present)
-ī (active perfect)
-um (supine)
-scō (active first-person indicative present singular)
-scis (active indicative present second-person singular)
-scit (active indicative present singular third-person)
-scimus (active first-person indicative plural present)
-scitis (active indicative plural present second-person)
-scunt (active indicative plural present third-person)
-scēbam (active first-person imperfect indicative singular)
-scēbās (active imperfect indicative second-person singular)
-scēbat (active imperfect indicative singular third-person)
-scēbāmus (active first-person imperfect indicative plural)
-scēbātis (active imperfect indicative plural second-person)
-scēbant (active imperfect indicative plural third-person)
-scam (active first-person future indicative singular)
-scēs (active future indicative second-person singular)
-scet (active future indicative singular third-person)
-scēmus (active first-person future indicative plural)
-scētis (active future indicative plural second-person)
-scent (active future indicative plural third-person)
-ī (active first-person indicative perfect singular)
-istī (active indicative perfect second-person singular)
-it (active indicative perfect singular third-person)
-imus (active first-person indicative perfect plural)
-istis (active indicative perfect plural second-person)
-ērunt (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
-ēre (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
-eram (active first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
-erās (active indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
-erat (active indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
-erāmus (active first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
-erātis (active indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
-erant (active indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
-erō (active first-person future indicative perfect singular)
-eris (active future indicative perfect second-person singular)
-erit (active future indicative perfect singular third-person)
-erimus (active first-person future indicative perfect plural)
-eritis (active future indicative perfect plural second-person)
-erint (active future indicative perfect plural third-person)
-scor (first-person indicative passive present singular)
-sceris (indicative passive present second-person singular)
-scere (indicative passive present second-person singular)
-scitur (indicative passive present singular third-person)
-scimur (first-person indicative passive plural present)
-sciminī (indicative passive plural present second-person)
-scuntur (indicative passive plural present third-person)
-scēbar (first-person imperfect indicative passive singular)
-scēbāris (imperfect indicative passive second-person singular)
-scēbāre (imperfect indicative passive second-person singular)
-scēbātur (imperfect indicative passive singular third-person)
-scēbāmur (first-person imperfect indicative passive plural)
-scēbāminī (imperfect indicative passive plural second-person)
-scēbantur (imperfect indicative passive plural third-person)
-scar (first-person future indicative passive singular)
-scēris (future indicative passive second-person singular)
-scēre (future indicative passive second-person singular)
-scētur (future indicative passive singular third-person)
-scēmur (first-person future indicative passive plural)
-scēminī (future indicative passive plural second-person)
-scentur (future indicative passive plural third-person)
-us + present active indicative of sum (indicative passive perfect)
-us + future active indicative of sum (future indicative passive perfect)
-scam (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
-scās (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
-scat (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
-scāmus (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
-scātis (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
-scant (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
-scerem (active first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
-scerēs (active imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
-sceret (active imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
-scerēmus (active first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
-scerētis (active imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
-scerent (active imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
-erim (active first-person perfect singular subjunctive)
-erīs (active perfect second-person singular subjunctive)
-erit (active perfect singular subjunctive third-person)
-erīmus (active first-person perfect plural subjunctive)
-erītis (active perfect plural second-person subjunctive)
-erint (active perfect plural subjunctive third-person)
-issem (active first-person pluperfect singular subjunctive)
-issēs (active pluperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
-isset (active pluperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
-issēmus (active first-person pluperfect plural subjunctive)
-issētis (active pluperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
-issent (active pluperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
-scar (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
-scāris (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
-scāre (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
-scātur (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
-scāmur (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
-scāminī (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
-scantur (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
-scerer (first-person imperfect passive singular subjunctive)
-scerēris (imperfect passive second-person singular subjunctive)
-scerēre (imperfect passive second-person singular subjunctive)
-scerētur (imperfect passive singular subjunctive third-person)
-scerēmur (first-person imperfect passive plural subjunctive)
-scerēminī (imperfect passive plural second-person subjunctive)
-scerentur (imperfect passive plural subjunctive third-person)
-us + present active subjunctive of sum (passive perfect subjunctive)
-sce (active imperative present second-person singular)
-scite (active imperative plural present second-person)
-scitō (active future imperative second-person singular)
-scitō (active future imperative singular third-person)
-scitōte (active future imperative plural second-person)
-scuntō (active future imperative plural third-person)
-scere (imperative passive present second-person singular)
-sciminī (imperative passive plural present second-person)
-scitor (future imperative passive second-person singular)
-scitor (future imperative passive singular third-person)
-scuntor (future imperative passive plural third-person)
-scere (active infinitive present)
-scī (infinitive passive present third-person)
-scēns (active participle present)
-ūrum esse (active future infinitive)
-um īrī (future infinitive passive third-person)
-ūrus (active future participle)
-scendus (future participle passive third-person)
-scundus (future participle passive third-person)
-isse (active infinitive perfect)
-um esse (infinitive passive perfect third-person)
-us (participle passive perfect third-person)
-um fore (future infinitive passive perfect third-person)
-ūrum fuisse (active infinitive perfect potential)
-scendī (genitive gerund noun-from-verb)
-scendō (dative gerund noun-from-verb)
-scendum (accusative gerund noun-from-verb)
-scendō (ablative gerund noun-from-verb)
-um (accusative noun-from-verb supine)
-ū (ablative noun-from-verb supine)

Etymology tree
Proto-Italic *-skō
Latin -sco
Inherited from Proto-Italic *-skō, from Proto-Indo-European *-sḱéti.

etymon

Forms inchoative verbs from existing verbs, meaning "to start to (verb), to begin to (verb)".


-eta

nominative/accusative/vocative plural of -ētum


-arius

la-suffix-adj

-ārius (feminine -āria, neuter -ārium); first/second-declension suffix

-ārius (canonical)
-āria (feminine)
-ārium (neuter)
-ārius (masculine nominative singular)
-āria (feminine nominative singular)
-ārium (neuter nominative singular)
-āriī (masculine nominative plural)
-āriae (feminine nominative plural)
-āria (neuter nominative plural)
-āriī (genitive masculine singular)
-āriae (feminine genitive singular)
-āriī (genitive neuter singular)
-āriōrum (genitive masculine plural)
-āriārum (feminine genitive plural)
-āriōrum (genitive neuter plural)
-āriō (dative masculine singular)
-āriae (dative feminine singular)
-āriō (dative neuter singular)
-āriīs (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
-ārium (accusative masculine singular)
-āriam (accusative feminine singular)
-ārium (accusative neuter singular)
-āriōs (accusative masculine plural)
-āriās (accusative feminine plural)
-āria (accusative neuter plural)
-āriō (ablative masculine singular)
-āriā (ablative feminine singular)
-āriō (ablative neuter singular)
-āriīs (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
-ārie (masculine singular vocative)
-āria (feminine singular vocative)
-ārium (neuter singular vocative)
-āriī (masculine plural vocative)
-āriae (feminine plural vocative)
-āria (neuter plural vocative)

→ French: -aire m or f by sense

→ Italian: -ario m

From earlier Proto-Italic *-ās-(i)jo- (cf. Oscan sakrasias and Umbrian plenasier), formed from *-āso- (from PIE *-eh₂so-, cf. the Hittite appurtenance suffix -ašša-), extended with the relational adjectival suffix *-yós (“belonging to”).

camera (“vault, arch”) + -ārius → camerārius (“climbing, creeping”)

ordō (“line, row”) + -ārius → ordinārius (“ordinary, of the rank and file”)

quaternī (“four at a time, by fours”) + -ārius → quaternārius (“quaternary”)

Used to form adjectives from nouns or numerals.


-arius

la-suffix-noun

-ārius m (genitive -āriī or -ārī); second declension

-ārius (canonical masculine)
-āriī (genitive)
-ārī (genitive)
-ārius (nominative singular)
-āriī (nominative plural)
-āriī (genitive singular)
-ārī (genitive singular)
-āriōrum (genitive plural)
-āriō (dative singular)
-āriīs (dative plural)
-ārium (accusative singular)
-āriōs (accusative plural)
-āriō (ablative singular)
-āriīs (ablative plural)
-ārie (singular vocative)
-āriī (plural vocative)

Eastern Romance:

Aromanian: -ar m, -aru, -ariu

Romanian: -ar m, -ariu m

Italo-Dalmatian:

Corsican: -aghju

Italian: -aio

Sicilian: -aru

Western Romance:

desctree

Old French: -ier
Middle French: -er
French: -ier, -er
→ English: -eer, -er
→ Middle English: -er, -eer, -ere, -ier, -ir, -yr
English: -er (conflated with -ere)
Middle Scots: -er, -ar
Scots: -er (conflated with -ere)
→ Italian: -iere
→ Old Irish: -aire
Irish: -aire
Scottish Gaelic: -air
→ Sicilian: -eri

Old Occitan: -ier

Catalan: -er, -era

Occitan: -ièr

Sicilian: -eri, -era

Rhaeto-Romance:

Friulian: -âr

Venetan: -aro, -ar, -er

West Iberian:

Old Leonese: -ero

Asturian: -eru

Old Galician-Portuguese: -eyro

Portuguese: -eiro

Galician: -eiro

Old Spanish: -ero

Spanish: -ero

→ Albanian: -ar

→ Asturian: -ariu

→ Catalan: -ari

→ English: -ary, -arian

→ German: -är

→ Galician: -ario

→ German: -ar

→ Greek: -άρης (-áris)

→ Occitan: -ari

→ Polish: -ariusz

→ Portuguese: -ário

→ Proto-Germanic: *-ārijaz (see there for further descendants)

Gothic: -𐌰𐍂𐌴𐌹𐍃 (-āreis)

→ Proto-Slavic: *-ařь (see there for further descendants)

→ Sicilian: -àriu

→ Spanish: -ario

→ Basque: -ari

argentum (“silver”) + -ārius → argentārius (“banker”)

avicula (“little bird”) + -ārius → aviculārius (“bird keeper”)

rēte (“net”) + -ārius → rētiārius (“net fighter”)

(masculine only) -er; Used to form nouns denoting an agent of use, such as a dealer or artisan, from other nouns.


-osi

inflection of -ōsus:
nominative/vocative masculine plural

inflection of -ōsus:
genitive masculine/neuter singular


-sa

inflection of -sus:
nominative/vocative feminine singular


-tum

From -tus (forming adjectives), from Proto-Italic *-tos, from Proto-Indo-European *-tós (suffix creating verbal adjectives).

inh

inflection of -tus:
masculine accusative singular


-tum

la-suffix-noun

-tum n (genitive -tī); second declension

Most likely a nominalization of the neuter of -tus (adjective-forming suffix).


-tum

suffix forming the accusative supine of verbs


-rna

inflection of -rnus:
nominative/vocative feminine singular


-olo

dative/ablative masculine/neuter singular of -olus


-cum

Postpositional variant of the preposition cum (“with”) when used with pronouns; presumably reflects the fact that Proto-Indo-European *ḱóm was an adverb and could be either pre– or postposed.

mē (“me”) + -cum → mēcum (“with me”)


-cum

-cum n (genitive -cī); second declension

-cī (genitive)
-cum (nominative singular)
-ca (nominative plural)
-cī (genitive singular)
-cōrum (genitive plural)
-cō (dative singular)
-cīs (dative plural)
-cum (accusative singular)
-ca (accusative plural)
-cō (ablative singular)
-cīs (ablative plural)
-cum (singular vocative)
-ca (plural vocative)

Substantivisation of the neuter forms of -cus.

cantus + -cum → canticum

suffixed to nouns of any gender, forms neuter nouns


-cum

inflection of -cus:
accusative masculine singular


-nomia

-nomia f (genitive -nomiae); first declension

-nomiae (genitive)
-nomia (nominative singular)
-nomiae (nominative plural)
-nomiae (genitive singular)
-nomiārum (genitive plural)
-nomiae (dative singular)
-nomiīs (dative plural)
-nomiam (accusative singular)
-nomiās (accusative plural)
-nomiā (ablative singular)
-nomiīs (ablative plural)
-nomia (singular vocative)
-nomiae (plural vocative)

Representing the Ancient Greek -νομία (-nomía), from νόμος (nómos).


-idus

la-suffix-adj

-idus (feminine -ida, neuter -idum); first/second-declension suffix

-ida (feminine)
-idum (neuter)
-idus (masculine nominative singular)
-ida (feminine nominative singular)
-idum (neuter nominative singular)
-idī (masculine nominative plural)
-idae (feminine nominative plural)
-ida (neuter nominative plural)
-idī (genitive masculine singular)
-idae (feminine genitive singular)
-idī (genitive neuter singular)
-idōrum (genitive masculine plural)
-idārum (feminine genitive plural)
-idōrum (genitive neuter plural)
-idō (dative masculine singular)
-idae (dative feminine singular)
-idō (dative neuter singular)
-idīs (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
-idum (accusative masculine singular)
-idam (accusative feminine singular)
-idum (accusative neuter singular)
-idōs (accusative masculine plural)
-idās (accusative feminine plural)
-ida (accusative neuter plural)
-idō (ablative masculine singular)
-idā (ablative feminine singular)
-idō (ablative neuter singular)
-idīs (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
-ide (masculine singular vocative)
-ida (feminine singular vocative)
-idum (neuter singular vocative)
-idī (masculine plural vocative)
-idae (feminine plural vocative)
-ida (neuter plural vocative)
-cidus (alternative)

English: -id

French: -ide

Italian: -ido

Portuguese: -ido

Romanian: -ed, -id

Sicilian: -itu

Spanish: -ido

From Proto-Italic *-iðos, from Proto-Indo-European *-dʰh₁-os, a thematized formation from *dʰeh₁- (“to put, place”), originally attached to i-stems.


-ella

Asturian: -iella

Aromanian: -eauã

Catalan: -ella

French: -elle

Italian: -ella

Occitan: -ela

Portuguese: -ela

Romanian: -ea

Spanish: -illa

inflection of -ellus:
nominative/vocative feminine singular


-ensis

-ēnsis (neuter -ēnse); third-declension two-termination suffix

-ēnsis (canonical)
-ēnse (neuter)
-ēnsis (feminine masculine nominative singular)
-ēnse (neuter nominative singular)
-ēnsēs (feminine masculine nominative plural)
-ēnsia (neuter nominative plural)
-ēnsis (feminine genitive masculine neuter singular)
-ēnsium (feminine genitive masculine neuter plural)
-ēnsī (dative feminine masculine neuter singular)
-ēnsibus (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
-ēnsem (accusative feminine masculine singular)
-ēnse (accusative neuter singular)
-ēnsēs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
-ēnsīs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
-ēnsia (accusative neuter plural)
-ēnsī (ablative feminine masculine neuter singular)
-ēnsibus (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
-ēnsis (feminine masculine singular vocative)
-ēnse (neuter singular vocative)
-ēnsēs (feminine masculine plural vocative)
-ēnsia (neuter plural vocative)

→ Albanian: -esh

Catalan: -ès, (Valencian) -és

Danish: -enser

Franco-Provençal: -ês

Galician: -és

→ Galician: -ense

Italian: -ese

→ Italian: -ense

Occitan: -és

Piedmontese: -èis

Ligurian: -èise

Old French: -eis

→ English: -ese

French: -ais, -ois

→ Romanian: -ez

Norman: -ais, -ouais

Portuguese: -ês

→ Portuguese: -ense

Sicilian: -isi, -isa

Spanish: -és

→ Spanish: -ense

Welsh: -wys

Unknown. Various theories have been put forward:
* Hermann Gähwiler (1962), building on a suggestion by Manu Leumann, proposes a borrowing from Etruscan on the basis that its earliest attested non-toponymic use is in the term ātriēnsis, and the Roman ātrium was an Etruscan import. A similar suffix is attested in Etruscan patronymics.
* Paavo Castrén (1981) rejects the relevance of ātriēnsis, viewing it as a later development. On the basis of various ancient, then-extinct peoples of Latium with names in -ēnsēs mentioned by Pliny the Elder, Castrén situates the emergence of the suffix in the late Proto-Villanovan period, perhaps as a borrowing from another Italic language.
* Chantal Kircher-Durand (1983) suggests a derivation from Proto-Indo-European *-went-ti- (< *-wénts, *-tis), but considers Gähwiler’s thesis plausible.
* A. Zimmermann (1921) suggests a lost cognate of Ancient Greek ἐνς (ens), variant of εἰς (eis) (< Proto-Indo-European *h₁én) + -ī.
Contrast Catalan -enc and Occitan -enc.

Latium
Manu Leumann
Pliny the Elder
Proto-Villanovan culture


-lus

-lus (feminine -la, neuter -lum); first/second-declension suffix

-la (feminine)
-lum (neuter)
-lus (masculine nominative singular)
-la (feminine nominative singular)
-lum (neuter nominative singular)
-lī (masculine nominative plural)
-lae (feminine nominative plural)
-la (neuter nominative plural)
-lī (genitive masculine singular)
-lae (feminine genitive singular)
-lī (genitive neuter singular)
-lōrum (genitive masculine plural)
-lārum (feminine genitive plural)
-lōrum (genitive neuter plural)
-lō (dative masculine singular)
-lae (dative feminine singular)
-lō (dative neuter singular)
-līs (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
-lum (accusative masculine singular)
-lam (accusative feminine singular)
-lum (accusative neuter singular)
-lōs (accusative masculine plural)
-lās (accusative feminine plural)
-la (accusative neuter plural)
-lō (ablative masculine singular)
-lā (ablative feminine singular)
-lō (ablative neuter singular)
-līs (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
-le (masculine singular vocative)
-la (feminine singular vocative)
-lum (neuter singular vocative)
-lī (masculine plural vocative)
-lae (feminine plural vocative)
-la (neuter plural vocative)

From syncope of Proto-Italic *-elos (source of Classical Latin -ulus), from Proto-Indo-European *-elós, thematized from *-lós.


-ellus

-ellus (feminine -ella, neuter -ellum); first/second-declension suffix

-ella (feminine)
-ellum (neuter)
-ellus (masculine nominative singular)
-ella (feminine nominative singular)
-ellum (neuter nominative singular)
-ellī (masculine nominative plural)
-ellae (feminine nominative plural)
-ella (neuter nominative plural)
-ellī (genitive masculine singular)
-ellae (feminine genitive singular)
-ellī (genitive neuter singular)
-ellōrum (genitive masculine plural)
-ellārum (feminine genitive plural)
-ellōrum (genitive neuter plural)
-ellō (dative masculine singular)
-ellae (dative feminine singular)
-ellō (dative neuter singular)
-ellīs (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
-ellum (accusative masculine singular)
-ellam (accusative feminine singular)
-ellum (accusative neuter singular)
-ellōs (accusative masculine plural)
-ellās (accusative feminine plural)
-ella (accusative neuter plural)
-ellō (ablative masculine singular)
-ellā (ablative feminine singular)
-ellō (ablative neuter singular)
-ellīs (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
-elle (masculine singular vocative)
-ella (feminine singular vocative)
-ellum (neuter singular vocative)
-ellī (masculine plural vocative)
-ellae (feminine plural vocative)
-ella (neuter plural vocative)

Aromanian: -el, -ãl

Catalan: -ell

Extremaduran: -illu

Franco-Provençal: -él

Old French: -el

Angevin: -iau

Bourbonnais-Berrichon: -iau

Champenois: -é, -iau

Bourguignon: -eâ

Franc-Comtois: -é, -ia

French: -eau

Gallo: -ë, -iao

Norman: -é, iaô

Picard: -iau, -ieu

Poitevin-Saintongeais: -ea

Walloon: -ea

Galician: -elo

Italian: -ello

Occitan: -el

Portuguese: -elo

Romanian: -el

Sardinian: -eddu

Old Leonese: -iello

Asturian: -iellu, -ieḷḷu,-iillu (Mining Basins, Peñes)

Leonese: -iellu

Mirandese: -ielho

Old Spanish: -iello
Spanish: -illo

Spanish: -elo, -el

Sicilian: -eḍḍu

By rebracketing of diminutives such as libellus (liber + -lus) or fēmella (fēmina + -la), where the stem consonants -n- and -r- shifted to -l- by regressive assimilation; or diminutives of diminutives such as porcellus (porculus + -lus).

ager + -ellus → agrellus (“little field”) (compare this to agellus, which is from ager + -lus)


-ellum

inflection of -ellus:
accusative masculine singular


-culus

-culus (feminine -cula, neuter -culum); first/second-declension suffix

-cula (feminine)
-culum (neuter)
-culus (masculine nominative singular)
-cula (feminine nominative singular)
-culum (neuter nominative singular)
-culī (masculine nominative plural)
-culae (feminine nominative plural)
-cula (neuter nominative plural)
-culī (genitive masculine singular)
-culae (feminine genitive singular)
-culī (genitive neuter singular)
-culōrum (genitive masculine plural)
-culārum (feminine genitive plural)
-culōrum (genitive neuter plural)
-culō (dative masculine singular)
-culae (dative feminine singular)
-culō (dative neuter singular)
-culīs (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
-culum (accusative masculine singular)
-culam (accusative feminine singular)
-culum (accusative neuter singular)
-culōs (accusative masculine plural)
-culās (accusative feminine plural)
-cula (accusative neuter plural)
-culō (ablative masculine singular)
-culā (ablative feminine singular)
-culō (ablative neuter singular)
-culīs (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
-cule (masculine singular vocative)
-cula (feminine singular vocative)
-culum (neuter singular vocative)
-culī (masculine plural vocative)
-culae (feminine plural vocative)
-cula (neuter plural vocative)
-clus (alternative)

Rebracketing of diminutive suffix -ulus on nouns ending in -cus, used freely.
However, Oscan zicolom (“day”, acc. sg.), from Proto-Italic *djēkelos, indicates that this suffix may be old and reconstructible to Proto-Italic *-kelos.

added to a noun to form a diminutive of that noun.

added to an adjective to form a diminutive of that adjective.


-olus

-olus (feminine -ola, neuter -olum); first/second-declension suffix

-ola (feminine)
-olum (neuter)
-olus (masculine nominative singular)
-ola (feminine nominative singular)
-olum (neuter nominative singular)
-olī (masculine nominative plural)
-olae (feminine nominative plural)
-ola (neuter nominative plural)
-olī (genitive masculine singular)
-olae (feminine genitive singular)
-olī (genitive neuter singular)
-olōrum (genitive masculine plural)
-olārum (feminine genitive plural)
-olōrum (genitive neuter plural)
-olō (dative masculine singular)
-olae (dative feminine singular)
-olō (dative neuter singular)
-olīs (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
-olum (accusative masculine singular)
-olam (accusative feminine singular)
-olum (accusative neuter singular)
-olōs (accusative masculine plural)
-olās (accusative feminine plural)
-ola (accusative neuter plural)
-olō (ablative masculine singular)
-olā (ablative feminine singular)
-olō (ablative neuter singular)
-olīs (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
-ole (masculine singular vocative)
-ola (feminine singular vocative)
-olum (neuter singular vocative)
-olī (masculine plural vocative)
-olae (feminine plural vocative)
-ola (neuter plural vocative)

Catalan: -ol

Extremaduran: -uelu

French: -eul, -eule

Galician: -ó, -oa

Italian: -olo

Occitan: -òl

Portuguese: -ola

Romanian: -or, -oară

Sicilian: -olu

Spanish: -uelo, -uela

Walloon: -oû, -oûle


-elli

inflection of -ellus:
nominative/vocative masculine plural

inflection of -ellus:
genitive masculine/neuter singular


-lum

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

non-lemma

inflection of -lus:
accusative masculine singular


-li

inflection of -lus:
nominative/vocative masculine plural

inflection of -lus:
genitive masculine/neuter singular


-lae

inflection of -lus:
nominative/vocative feminine plural

inflection of -lus:
genitive/dative feminine singular


-lis

dative/ablative masculine/feminine/neuter plural of -lus


-lorum

genitive masculine/neuter plural of -lus


-olum

inflection of -olus:
accusative masculine singular


-oli

inflection of -olus:
nominative/vocative masculine plural

inflection of -olus:
genitive masculine/neuter singular


-olae

inflection of -olus:
nominative/vocative feminine plural

inflection of -olus:
genitive/dative feminine singular


-olis

dative/ablative masculine/feminine/neuter plural of -olus


-olorum

genitive masculine/neuter plural of -olus


-uli

inflection of -ulus:
nominative/vocative masculine plural

inflection of -ulus:
genitive masculine/neuter singular


-ulae

inflection of -ulus:
nominative/vocative feminine plural

inflection of -ulus:
genitive/dative feminine singular


-ulis

dative/ablative masculine/feminine/neuter plural of -ulus


-ulorum

genitive masculine/neuter plural of -ulus


-osa

inflection of -ōsus:
nominative/vocative feminine singular


-osum

inflection of -ōsus:
accusative masculine singular


-osae

inflection of -ōsus:
nominative/vocative feminine plural

inflection of -ōsus:
genitive/dative feminine singular


-osorum

genitive masculine/neuter plural of -ōsus


-metria

→ Catalan: -metria

→ Finnish: -metria

→ French: -métrie

→ English: -metry

→ Italian: -metria

→ Polish: -metria

→ Portuguese: -metria

→ Spanish: -metría

From Ancient Greek -μετρία (-metría), from μέτρον (métron, “measurement”) + -ια (-ia, “-y: forming abstract nouns”).


-ibile

nominative/accusative/vocative neuter singular of -ibilis


-ba-

amābam

Infix to denote the imperfect indicative form of a verb


-ani

inflection of -ānus:
nominative/vocative masculine plural

inflection of -ānus:
genitive masculine/neuter singular


-forme

nominative/accusative/vocative neuter singular of -fōrmis


-icum

inflection of -icus:
accusative masculine singular


-ici

inflection of -icus:
nominative/vocative masculine plural

inflection of -icus:
genitive masculine/neuter singular


-icae

inflection of -icus:
nominative/vocative feminine plural

inflection of -icus:
genitive/dative feminine singular


-icis

dative/ablative masculine/feminine/neuter plural of -icus


-icorum

genitive masculine/neuter plural of -icus


-culum

inflection of -culus:
accusative masculine singular


-culum

la-suffix-noun

-culum n (genitive -culī); second declension

-culī (genitive)
-culum (nominative singular)
-cula (nominative plural)
-culī (genitive singular)
-culōrum (genitive plural)
-culō (dative singular)
-culīs (dative plural)
-culum (accusative singular)
-cula (accusative plural)
-culō (ablative singular)
-culīs (ablative plural)
-culum (singular vocative)
-cula (plural vocative)
-clum (alternative)
-crum (alternative)
-ulum (alternative)

Catalan: -all

French: -ail, -aille

Italian: -acchio

Portuguese: -alho

Spanish: -ajo

Spanish: -ijo

From (with anaptyxis) Proto-Italic *-klom, from Proto-Indo-European *-tlom, from *-trom. Compare stabulum, which comes from a similar suffix *-dʰlom. Despite the resemblance, ōsculum (which besides is never found in the form **ōsclum) and other diminutive nouns do not contain this suffix.

prōpugnō, prōpugnāre (“to fight for, defend”) + -culum → prōpugnāculum (“bulwark, fortress, protection”)

dēvertō, dēvertere (“to turn aside, turn away; to lodge”) + -culum → dēverticulum (“byroad; digression; lodging; refuge”)

suffix used to derive nouns from verbs, particularly nouns for tools and instruments


-culi

inflection of -culus:
nominative/vocative masculine plural

inflection of -culus:
genitive masculine/neuter singular


-culae

inflection of -culus:
nominative/vocative feminine plural

inflection of -culus:
genitive/dative feminine singular


-culo

dative/ablative masculine/neuter singular of -culus


-culis

dative/ablative masculine/feminine/neuter plural of -culus


-culorum

genitive masculine/neuter plural of -culus


-itia

-itia f (genitive -itiae); first declension

-itiae (genitive)
-itia (nominative singular)
-itiae (nominative plural)
-itiae (genitive singular)
-itiārum (genitive plural)
-itiae (dative singular)
-itiīs (dative plural)
-itiam (accusative singular)
-itiās (accusative plural)
-itiā (ablative singular)
-itiīs (ablative plural)
-itia (singular vocative)
-itiae (plural vocative)
-itiēs (alternative)

Eastern Romance:

Aromanian: -eatsã

Romanian: -eață

Italo-Romance:

Italian: -ezza

→ Esperanto: -eco

Sicilian: -izza

North Italian:

Ladin: -eza, -ëza

Friulian: -ece

Venetan: -esa, -eça

Piedmontese: -ëssa

Gallo-Romance:

Old French: -ece

French: -esse

→ English: -ess

Occitano-Romance:

Catalan: -esa

Gascon: -esa

Old Occitan: -eza, -esa

Occitan: -esa

Ibero-Romance:

Asturian: -eza

Portuguese: -eza

Spanish: -eza

Insular Romance:

Sardinian: -itta

Borrowings:

→ Asturian: -icia

→ Catalan: -ícia

desc

→ French: -ise (indirectly; see there for more)

→ Friulian: -izie

→ Galician: -icia

→ Italian: -izia

→ Ladin: -izia

→ Occitan: -ícia

→ Portuguese: -ícia

→ Sicilian: -ìzzia

→ Spanish: -icia

→ Venetan: -isia, -içia

-ness, -ity; Used to form nouns describing the condition of being something.


-atus

la-suffix-adj

-ātus (feminine -āta, neuter -ātum); first/second-declension suffix

-ātus (canonical)
-āta (feminine)
-ātum (neuter)
-ātus (masculine nominative singular)
-āta (feminine nominative singular)
-ātum (neuter nominative singular)
-ātī (masculine nominative plural)
-ātae (feminine nominative plural)
-āta (neuter nominative plural)
-ātī (genitive masculine singular)
-ātae (feminine genitive singular)
-ātī (genitive neuter singular)
-ātōrum (genitive masculine plural)
-ātārum (feminine genitive plural)
-ātōrum (genitive neuter plural)
-ātō (dative masculine singular)
-ātae (dative feminine singular)
-ātō (dative neuter singular)
-ātīs (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
-ātum (accusative masculine singular)
-ātam (accusative feminine singular)
-ātum (accusative neuter singular)
-ātōs (accusative masculine plural)
-ātās (accusative feminine plural)
-āta (accusative neuter plural)
-ātō (ablative masculine singular)
-ātā (ablative feminine singular)
-ātō (ablative neuter singular)
-ātīs (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
-āte (masculine singular vocative)
-āta (feminine singular vocative)
-ātum (neuter singular vocative)
-ātī (masculine plural vocative)
-ātae (feminine plural vocative)
-āta (neuter plural vocative)

Asturian: -áu, -ada

Catalan: -at, -ada

→ English: -ate, -ade

French: -é, -ée, -ade (from Italian or Occitan)

Friulian: -ât, -ade

Galician: -ado

→ German: -at

Italian: -ato

Occitan: -at

Portuguese: -ado, -ada

Romanian: -at, -ată

Spanish: -ado, -ada

Sicilian: -atu, -ata

→ Portuguese: -ato

→ Spanish: -ato

From Proto-Italic *-ātos, from Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂tos. A "pseudo-participle" possibly related to -tus, though similar formations in other Indo-European languages show that it was distinct from it already in Indo-European times. Compare -ītus, -ūtus.
Cognate to Proto-Slavic *-atъ, Proto-Germanic *-ōdaz (English -ed (“having”)).

barba (“beard”) + -ātus → barbātus (“bearded, having a beard”)

caetra (“a type of short Spanish shield”) + -ātus → caetrātus (“armed with a caetra”)

toga (“toga”) + -ātus → togātus (“wearing a toga, clad in a toga”)

-ed. Used to form adjectives from nouns indicating the possession of a thing or feature.

albus (“white”) + -ātus → albātus (“clothed in white”)

āter (“black”) + -ātus → atrātus (“clothed in black”)

sordidus (“unclean, sordid”) + -ātus → sordidātus (“in dirty clothes, shabbily dressed”)

Used to form adjectives from other adjectives, especially color names, with the sense "wearing [adjective](-colored) clothes".

rēticulum (“small net”) + -ātus → rēticulātus (“reticulated, net-like”)

vir (“man”) + -ātus → virātus (“manly, manful”)

-like, -ate. Used to form adjectives from nouns indicating a resemblance or likeness to the noun.


-atus

-ātus (canonical masculine)
-ātus (nominative singular)
-ātūs (nominative plural)
-ātūs (genitive singular)
-ātuum (genitive plural)
-ātuī (dative singular)
-ātibus (dative plural)
-ātum (accusative singular)
-ātūs (accusative plural)
-ātū (ablative singular)
-ātibus (ablative plural)
-ātus (singular vocative)
-ātūs (plural vocative)

French: -at

→ Norwegian Bokmål: -at

Italian: -ato

Portuguese: -ado

Formed by rebracketing of action nouns in -tus, -tūs formed from the perfect passive participle of first conjugation verbs, such as mercātus (mercor + -tus) or pecūlātus (peculor + -tus), where -ā- is actually part of the stem; from Proto-Italic *-tus, from Proto-Indo-European *-tus (suffix deriving action nouns from verb roots).

inh

triumvir + -ātus → triumvirātus

episcopus + -ātus → episcopātus

apostolus + -ātus → apostolātus


-aticum

la-suffix-noun

-āticum n (genitive -āticī); second declension

-āticum (canonical neuter)
-āticī (genitive)
-āticum (nominative singular)
-ātica (nominative plural)
-āticī (genitive singular)
-āticōrum (genitive plural)
-āticō (dative singular)
-āticīs (dative plural)
-āticum (accusative singular)
-ātica (accusative plural)
-āticō (ablative singular)
-āticīs (ablative plural)
-āticum (singular vocative)
-ātica (plural vocative)
-āgium (alternative)

Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: -atic

Romanian: -atic, -atec

Italo-Romance:

Corsican: -aticu

Italian: -atico

→ Ladin: -atich

→ Romagnol: -àtic

Neapolitan: -ateco

Sicilian: -àticu

North Italian:

Gallo-Italic:

Emilian: -adeg, -adg, -âdg

desc

earlier <i class="Latn mention" lang="lij">-aigo</i>

Ligurian: -ægo (earlier -aigo)

Lombard: -àdeg, -àdig, -àdi

Piedmontese: -aj

Romagnol: -êdg, -êdgh

Friulian: -adi

Romansch: -adi

Venetan: -adego, -ego

Gallo-Romance:

Franco-Provençal: -âjo

Brionnais: -âdze

Fribourgeois: -âdzo

Jurassien: -aidge

desctree

Old French: -age, -aige, -aje (rare)
Angevin: -ége, -éje
Bourguignon: -aige, -eige
Champenois: -age, -aige, -ège
Franc-Comtois: -aidge, -aige
Middle French: -age (see there for further descendants)
Gallo: -aige
Lorrain: -èdje, -ège, -êge
Picard: -åjhe
Poitevin-Saintongeais: -age, -ajhe
Walloon: -aedje
→ Medieval Latin: -āgium
→ Middle English: -age
English: -age
Scots: -age

Occitano-Romance:

Catalan: -atge

Gascon: /-ˈadje/

Old Occitan: -atge (borrowings below may also come from Old French)
Occitan: -atge

→ Aragonese: -ache

→ Asturian: -axe

→ Italian: -aggio

→ Ladin: -aje

→ Lombard: -agg, -acc

→ Neapolitan: -aggio

→ Piedmontese: -age, -agi

→ Old Galician-Portuguese: -age

Galician: -axe

Portuguese: -agem

→ Sicilian: -aggiu, -aju

→ Old Spanish: -age, -aje, -atge

Spanish: -aje

→ Venetan: -ajo

Ibero-Romance:

Old Navarro-Aragonese: -azgo

Old Leonese: -adgo, -algo

Asturian: -algu

Leonese: -algu

Old Galician-Portuguese: -adego

Galician: -ádego, -ádigo

Portuguese: -ádego, -ádigo

Old Spanish: -adgo

Spanish: -azgo

Insular Romance:

Sardinian: -adigu, -aticu

Borrowings:

→ French: -atique

→ Portuguese: -ático

→ Spanish: -ático

Substantivization of the neuter form of -āticus (adjective-forming suffix), with the Classical viāticum perhaps serving as its forerunner.

Used to form nouns indicating pertinence to the root verb or noun.

missus (“sent”) → missāticum (“message”)

Used to form nouns indicating a state of being resulting from an action.


-ua

inflection of -uus:
nominative/vocative feminine singular


-archia

la-suffix-noun

-archia f (genitive -archiae); first declension

-archiae (genitive)
-archia (nominative singular)
-archiae (nominative plural)
-archiae (genitive singular)
-archiārum (genitive plural)
-archiae (dative singular)
-archiīs (dative plural)
-archiam (accusative singular)
-archiās (accusative plural)
-archiā (ablative singular)
-archiīs (ablative plural)
-archia (singular vocative)
-archiae (plural vocative)

→ English: -archy

→ Dutch: -archie

→ French: -archie

→ Irish: -arcacht

→ Italian: -archia

→ Portuguese: -arquia


-itiae

inflection of -itia:
nominative/vocative plural

inflection of -itia:
genitive/dative singular


-itates

nominative/accusative/vocative plural of -itās


-ibilis

la-suffix-adj

-ibilis (neuter -ibile); third-declension two-termination suffix

-ibile (neuter)
-ibilis (feminine masculine nominative singular)
-ibile (neuter nominative singular)
-ibilēs (feminine masculine nominative plural)
-ibilia (neuter nominative plural)
-ibilis (feminine genitive masculine neuter singular)
-ibilium (feminine genitive masculine neuter plural)
-ibilī (dative feminine masculine neuter singular)
-ibilibus (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
-ibilem (accusative feminine masculine singular)
-ibile (accusative neuter singular)
-ibilēs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
-ibilīs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
-ibilia (accusative neuter plural)
-ibilī (ablative feminine masculine neuter singular)
-ibilibus (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
-ibilis (feminine masculine singular vocative)
-ibile (neuter singular vocative)
-ibilēs (feminine masculine plural vocative)
-ibilia (neuter plural vocative)

Catalan: -ívol

Corsican: -ibule, -ibuli

English: -ible

French: -ible

Interlingua: -ibile

Italian: -evole, -ibile

Sicilian: -ìbbili

Norwegian Bokmål: -ibel

Portuguese: -ível

Romanian: -ibil

Sicilian: -ìvili

Spanish: -ible

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *-dʰlis
Proto-Italic *-ðlis
Latin -bilis
Latin -ibilis
From -bilis, q.v.

etymon

-able; able or worthy to be (the recipient of an action).


-ale

nominative/accusative/vocative neuter singular of -ālis


-tudo

la-suffix-noun

-tūdō f (genitive -tūdinis); third declension

-tūdō (canonical feminine)
-tūdinis (genitive)
-tūdō (nominative singular)
-tūdinēs (nominative plural)
-tūdinis (genitive singular)
-tūdinum (genitive plural)
-tūdinī (dative singular)
-tūdinibus (dative plural)
-tūdinem (accusative singular)
-tūdinēs (accusative plural)
-tūdine (ablative singular)
-tūdinibus (ablative plural)
-tūdō (singular vocative)
-tūdinēs (plural vocative)

Ibero-Romance:

Old Galician-Portuguese: -idõe, -edũe

Galician: -edume

Portuguese: -idão

Old Spanish: -dumne

Spanish: -dumbre

Borrowings:

desctree

→ Italian: -itudine
→ Romanian: -itudine

→ Middle French: -itude

French: -itude

→ Franco-Provençal: -ituda

→ German: -itüde

→ Middle English: -itude

English: -itude

→ Sicilian: -itùddini

→ Spanish: -itud

From Proto-Indo-European *-tu- + *-d- + *-h₃onh₂-. Compare Ancient Greek -σῠ́νη (-sŭ́nē) and -δών (-dṓn).

-itude, -ness; used to form abstract nouns indicating a condition or state.


-phila

la-suffix-noun

-phila m or f (genitive -philae); first declension

-philae (genitive)
-phila (nominative singular)
-philae (nominative plural)
-philae (genitive singular)
-philārum (genitive plural)
-philae (dative singular)
-philīs (dative plural)
-philam (accusative singular)
-philās (accusative plural)
-philā (ablative singular)
-philīs (ablative plural)
-phila (singular vocative)
-philae (plural vocative)

English: -phile

From Ancient Greek φίλος (phílos, “dear, beloved”).


-eis

dative/ablative masculine/feminine/neuter plural of -eus


-eus

la-suffix-adj

-eus (feminine -ea, neuter -eum); first/second-declension suffix

-ea (feminine)
-eum (neuter)
-eus (masculine nominative singular)
-ea (feminine nominative singular)
-eum (neuter nominative singular)
-eī (masculine nominative plural)
-eae (feminine nominative plural)
-ea (neuter nominative plural)
-eī (genitive masculine singular)
-eae (feminine genitive singular)
-eī (genitive neuter singular)
-eōrum (genitive masculine plural)
-eārum (feminine genitive plural)
-eōrum (genitive neuter plural)
-eō (dative masculine singular)
-eae (dative feminine singular)
-eō (dative neuter singular)
-eīs (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
-eum (accusative masculine singular)
-eam (accusative feminine singular)
-eum (accusative neuter singular)
-eōs (accusative masculine plural)
-eās (accusative feminine plural)
-ea (accusative neuter plural)
-eō (ablative masculine singular)
-eā (ablative feminine singular)
-eō (ablative neuter singular)
-eīs (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
-ee (masculine singular vocative)
-ea (feminine singular vocative)
-eum (neuter singular vocative)
-eī (masculine plural vocative)
-eae (feminine plural vocative)
-ea (neuter plural vocative)

Italian: -eo

Portuguese: -eu

Spanish: -eo

→ English: -eous

From Proto-Italic *-eos, from Proto-Indo-European *-e- + *-yós. Compare with its adoption through Ancient Greek (Etymology 2).

argentum (“silver”) + -eus → argenteus (“made of silver”)

ferrum (“iron”) + -eus → ferreus (“made of iron”)

marmor (“marble”) + -eus → marmoreus (“made of marble”)

pīnus (“pine tree”) + -eus → pīneus (“made of pine”)

(with materials) Used to form adjectives from nouns, and so to nominally indicate the source of an attribute.


-eus

-ēus (feminine -ēa, neuter -ēum); first/second-declension suffix

-ēus (canonical)
-ēa (feminine)
-ēum (neuter)
-ēus (masculine nominative singular)
-ēa (feminine nominative singular)
-ēum (neuter nominative singular)
-ēī (masculine nominative plural)
-ēae (feminine nominative plural)
-ēa (neuter nominative plural)
-ēī (genitive masculine singular)
-ēae (feminine genitive singular)
-ēī (genitive neuter singular)
-ēōrum (genitive masculine plural)
-ēārum (feminine genitive plural)
-ēōrum (genitive neuter plural)
-ēō (dative masculine singular)
-ēae (dative feminine singular)
-ēō (dative neuter singular)
-ēīs (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
-ēum (accusative masculine singular)
-ēam (accusative feminine singular)
-ēum (accusative neuter singular)
-ēōs (accusative masculine plural)
-ēās (accusative feminine plural)
-ēa (accusative neuter plural)
-ēō (ablative masculine singular)
-ēā (ablative feminine singular)
-ēō (ablative neuter singular)
-ēīs (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
-ēe (masculine singular vocative)
-ēa (feminine singular vocative)
-ēum (neuter singular vocative)
-ēī (masculine plural vocative)
-ēae (feminine plural vocative)
-ēa (neuter plural vocative)

* From Ancient Greek -εῖος (-eîos), also from Proto-Indo-European *-e- + *-yós. Compare with its inherited form (Etymology 1).
* From Ancient Greek -εῖος (-eîos), from Proto-Indo-European *-iH- + *-wós. Compare with its inherited form -īvus.

mūsēum (μουσεῖον (mouseîon), cf. mūsīvum from the same source)

In adopted Greek words, surviving thus or as -īvus.


-iter

la-suffix-adv

-iter (comparative -ius, superlative -issimē)

-ius (comparative)
-issimē (superlative)

alternative form of -ter: -ly; used to form adverbs from adjectives.


-ea

feminine nominative singular of -εῖος (-eîos), in Latinized Greek


-tura

la-suffix-noun

-tūra f (genitive -tūrae); first declension

-tūra (canonical feminine)
-tūrae (genitive)
-tūra (nominative singular)
-tūrae (nominative plural)
-tūrae (genitive singular)
-tūrārum (genitive plural)
-tūrae (dative singular)
-tūrīs (dative plural)
-tūram (accusative singular)
-tūrās (accusative plural)
-tūrā (ablative singular)
-tūrīs (ablative plural)
-tūra (singular vocative)
-tūrae (plural vocative)
-sūra (alternative)

Aromanian: -turã

Asturian: -dura

Catalan: -dura, -ura

Francoprovençal: -ura

French: -ure, -ture

→ English: -ure, -ture

Friulian: -dure

Italian: -tura

Romanian: -tură

Sicilian: -tura

Spanish: -dura

Portuguese -dura, -tura

Venetan: -dura, -ura, -ùra,

Somewhat uncertain, but appears to be from Proto-Indo-European *-tew- + *-r-eh₂. Note however that some cases are built on agentives in -tōr: e.g. cēnsūra, gladiātūra. Resemblance to the future active participle -tūrus and archaic infinitive -tūrum is evidently accidental, though substantivizations like futūrus may have reinforced the use of -tūra.
Productive in earlier Latin but gradually overtaken by -tiō.

Used to form action nouns expressing concrete results as well as activities: -ing, -ure


-turae

inflection of -tūra:
nominative/vocative plural

inflection of -tūra:
genitive/dative singular


-ter

la-suffix-adv

-ter (comparative -ius, superlative -issimē)

-ius (comparative)
-issimē (superlative)
-iter (alternative)
-er (alternative)

Old Occitan: -tre (possibly)

Perhaps ultimately from the nominative masculine singular of contrastive adjectives in Proto-Indo-European *-teros, later used more generally; perhaps extended from the suffix in prepositions like inter, praeter. Cognate with Ancient Greek -τερος (-teros).

-ly; used to form adverbs from adjectives.


-tio

la-suffix-noun

-tiō f (genitive -tiōnis); third declension

-tiō (canonical feminine)
-tiōnis (genitive)
-tiō (nominative singular)
-tiōnēs (nominative plural)
-tiōnis (genitive singular)
-tiōnum (genitive plural)
-tiōnī (dative singular)
-tiōnibus (dative plural)
-tiōnem (accusative singular)
-tiōnēs (accusative plural)
-tiōne (ablative singular)
-tiōnibus (ablative plural)
-tiō (singular vocative)
-tiōnēs (plural vocative)
-siō (alternative)
-ciō (alternative Medieval-Latin)

Eastern Romance

Aromanian: -ciuni

Romanian: -ciune

desc

Franco-Provençal: -cion, -son, -éson, -çon

French: -son, -aison, -çon

Italo-Dalmatian

Italian: -zione, -gione, -zone, -zzone

→ Sicilian: -ggioni

Sicilian: -ciuni, -zziuni, -zzioni

Lombard: -zion

Occitano-Romance

Catalan: -çó, -ó

Occitan: -son

Romansch: -ziun, -schun

West Iberian

Old Galician-Portuguese: -çon, -zon, -son

Galician: -zón

Portuguese: -ção, -zão, -são

Spanish: -zón, -són

→ Aragonese: -ción

→ Asturian: -ción

→ Azerbaijani: -siya, -syon

→ Bulgarian: -ция (-cija)

→ Catalan: -ció

→ Czech: -ce

→ Danish: -tion

desctree

→ Dutch: -tie
→ Indonesian: -si
→ Malay: -si

→ Esperanto: -cio

→ Faroese: -sjón

→ Finnish: -tio

→ Old French: -cion

French: -tion, -ation
→ Norwegian: -sjon
→ Ottoman Turkish: ـسیون (-syon, -siyon)
Turkish: -syon, -siyon

→ Middle English: -cioun

English: -tion
→ Malay: -syen, -sen

Scots: -tion

Galician: -ción

→ Georgian: -ცია (-cia)

→ German: -tion

→ Hebrew: ־ציה (-tsya)

→ Hungarian: -ció

→ Italian: -zione

→ Ladino: -sión

→ Latvian: -cija

→ Lithuanian: -cija

→ Maltese: -zjoni

→ Norwegian: -sjon

→ Occitan: -cion

→ Polish: -cja

→ Romanian: -ție, -țiune

→ Russian: -ция (-cija)
→ Armenian: -ցիա (-cʻia)
→ Azerbaijani: -siya
→ Crimean Tatar: -tsiya
→ Georgian: -ცია (-cia)
→ Hebrew: ־ציה (-tsiya)
→ Kazakh: -ция (-siä)
→ Kyrgyz: -ция (-tsiya)
→ Tajik: -тсия (-tsiya)
→ Turkmen: -siýa
→ Uzbek: -tsiya
→ Yiddish: ־ציע (-tsye)

→ Serbo-Croatian: -ција, -cija

→ Slovak: -cia

→ Slovene: -cija

→ Spanish: -ción

→ Swedish: -tion

→ Ukrainian: -ція (-cija)

→ Yiddish: ־ציע (-tsye)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *-tisder.
Proto-Italic *-tjō
Latin -tiō
Probably from Proto-Italic *-tjō, an n-stem extension of Proto-Indo-European *-tis.
Alternatively, from Proto-Indo-European *-Hō or from Proto-Indo-European *-tyon with Old Armenian -ութիւն (-utʻiwn) as a cognate.

etymon

-tiō

dictātiō (“a dictating, dictation”) ← dictō, dictātum (“to dictate”)

quadripartītiō (“a division into four parts”) ← quadripartiō, quadripartītum (“to divide into four parts”)

-tion, -ation, -ing; suffixed to verbs to form action nouns denoting a process, action, or result of an action.


-sor

la-suffix-noun

-sor m (genitive -sōris, feminine -trīx); third declension

-sōris (genitive)
-trīx (feminine)
-sor (nominative singular)
-sōrēs (nominative plural)
-sōris (genitive singular)
-sōrum (genitive plural)
-sōrī (dative singular)
-sōribus (dative plural)
-sōrem (accusative singular)
-sōrēs (accusative plural)
-sōre (ablative singular)
-sōribus (ablative plural)
-sor (singular vocative)
-sōrēs (plural vocative)
-tor (alternative)

alternative form of -tor; takes this form when suffixed to primarily third conjugation verbs with stems ending in -t-, -d-, -rg-, -ll-, or -rr-


-ae

Declined forms of -us (suffix forming adjectives).

inflection of -us:
nominative/vocative feminine plural

inflection of -us:
genitive/dative feminine singular


-ae

Declined forms of -a (suffix forming masculine agent nouns or feminine nouns). Originally restricted to the dative singular due to being descended from -āi, the dative singular ending for Proto-Italic first declension nouns, but eventually overtook the genitive singular and the nominative and vocative plurals, displacing -ās, which was relegated to the accusative plural.

inflection of -a:
nominative/vocative plural

inflection of -a:
genitive/dative singular


-ius

la-suffix-adj

-ius (feminine -ia, neuter -ium); first/second-declension suffix

-ia (feminine)
-ium (neuter)
-ius (masculine nominative singular)
-ia (feminine nominative singular)
-ium (neuter nominative singular)
-iī (masculine nominative plural)
-iae (feminine nominative plural)
-ia (neuter nominative plural)
-iī (genitive masculine singular)
-iae (feminine genitive singular)
-iī (genitive neuter singular)
-iōrum (genitive masculine plural)
-iārum (feminine genitive plural)
-iōrum (genitive neuter plural)
-iō (dative masculine singular)
-iae (dative feminine singular)
-iō (dative neuter singular)
-iīs (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
-ium (accusative masculine singular)
-iam (accusative feminine singular)
-ium (accusative neuter singular)
-iōs (accusative masculine plural)
-iās (accusative feminine plural)
-ia (accusative neuter plural)
-iō (ablative masculine singular)
-iā (ablative feminine singular)
-iō (ablative neuter singular)
-iīs (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
-ie (masculine singular vocative)
-ia (feminine singular vocative)
-ium (neuter singular vocative)
-iī (masculine plural vocative)
-iae (feminine plural vocative)
-ia (neuter plural vocative)

From Old Latin -ios, from Proto-Italic *-jos, from Proto-Indo-European *-yós. Cognate with Ancient Greek -ῐος (-ĭos).

found as an ending of most Classical Latin 'nomina gentilicia' (family names or surnames, shared by the members of a gens)

(New Latin) suffix for Latinizing surnames


-ius

See -ior (suffix forming adjectives’ comparative degrees).

etymon

itc-ola>-ios>suffix forming comparative adjectives

nominative/accusative/vocative neuter singular of -ior


-ius

comparative degree of adverbs ending in -ō


-ius

From Proto-Italic *-osjos, itself from Proto-Indo-European *-ósyo (genitive case suffix) secondarily marked with the genitive *-s.

inh

quī, cuius

hic, huius

ūnus, ūnī̆us

alter, alterī̆us (alongside alterī, alterae)

the regular genitive singular suffix for most pronouns


-torius

la-suffix-adj

-tōrius (feminine -tōria, neuter -tōrium); first/second-declension suffix

-tōrius (canonical)
-tōria (feminine)
-tōrium (neuter)
-tōrius (masculine nominative singular)
-tōria (feminine nominative singular)
-tōrium (neuter nominative singular)
-tōriī (masculine nominative plural)
-tōriae (feminine nominative plural)
-tōria (neuter nominative plural)
-tōriī (genitive masculine singular)
-tōriae (feminine genitive singular)
-tōriī (genitive neuter singular)
-tōriōrum (genitive masculine plural)
-tōriārum (feminine genitive plural)
-tōriōrum (genitive neuter plural)
-tōriō (dative masculine singular)
-tōriae (dative feminine singular)
-tōriō (dative neuter singular)
-tōriīs (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
-tōrium (accusative masculine singular)
-tōriam (accusative feminine singular)
-tōrium (accusative neuter singular)
-tōriōs (accusative masculine plural)
-tōriās (accusative feminine plural)
-tōria (accusative neuter plural)
-tōriō (ablative masculine singular)
-tōriā (ablative feminine singular)
-tōriō (ablative neuter singular)
-tōriīs (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
-tōrie (masculine singular vocative)
-tōria (feminine singular vocative)
-tōrium (neuter singular vocative)
-tōriī (masculine plural vocative)
-tōriae (feminine plural vocative)
-tōria (neuter plural vocative)
-sōrius (alternative)

Aromanian: -tor, -toari

Asturian: -doriu

Italian: -toio, -toia

Old French: -oire

→ Middle English: -orie

English: -ory

French: -oire

Norman: -ouaithe (Jersey)

Old Galician-Portuguese: -doiro

Galician: -doiro

Portuguese: -doiro, -douro

Romanian: -tor, -ător, -toare, -ătoare

Spanish: -dero

Borrowings:

→ Portuguese: -tório, -ório

→ Spanish: -torio


-illus

la-adecl

First declension for feminine nouns, second declension for masculine or neuter nouns.

-illus (masculine nominative singular)
-illa (feminine nominative singular)
-illum (neuter nominative singular)
-illī (masculine nominative plural)
-illae (feminine nominative plural)
-illa (neuter nominative plural)
-illī (genitive masculine singular)
-illae (feminine genitive singular)
-illī (genitive neuter singular)
-illōrum (genitive masculine plural)
-illārum (feminine genitive plural)
-illōrum (genitive neuter plural)
-illō (dative masculine singular)
-illae (dative feminine singular)
-illō (dative neuter singular)
-illīs (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
-illum (accusative masculine singular)
-illam (accusative feminine singular)
-illum (accusative neuter singular)
-illōs (accusative masculine plural)
-illās (accusative feminine plural)
-illa (accusative neuter plural)
-illō (ablative masculine singular)
-illā (ablative feminine singular)
-illō (ablative neuter singular)
-illīs (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
-ille (masculine singular vocative)
-illa (feminine singular vocative)
-illum (neuter singular vocative)
-illī (masculine plural vocative)
-illae (feminine plural vocative)
-illa (neuter plural vocative)

Sicilian: -iḍḍu, -illu

From the diminutive suffix -lus by rebracketing of nouns such as sigillum and pōcillum (diminutives of signum and pōculum). In words like these, -ill- was the regular phonetic outcome of earlier [n̩l] and [l̩l] (with syllabic [n̩] and [l̩]), which arose from adding the suffix -lus to stems that originally ended in a consonant + /n/ or /l/. After being reinterpreted as a suffix of its own, the ending -illus was attached freely to nouns of any form. Compare -ellus.

furca f (“fork”) + -illus → furcilla f (“very small fork”)

haedus m (“goat kid”) + -illus → haedillus m (“kidling, young kid”)

pūnctum n (“point, spot”) + -illus → pūnctillum n (“very small dot”)


-ello

dative/ablative masculine/neuter singular of -ellus


-ario

dative/ablative neuter singular of -ārium

dative/ablative masculine/neuter singular of -ārius


-ebat

third-person singular imperfect active indicative of -eo (second conjugation)

third-person singular imperfect active indicative of -o (third conjugation)


-anto

third-person plural future active imperative of -ō (first conjugation)


-edo

la-suffix-noun

-ēdō f (genitive -ēdinis); third declension

-ēdō (canonical feminine)
-ēdinis (genitive)
-ēdō (nominative singular)
-ēdinēs (nominative plural)
-ēdinis (genitive singular)
-ēdinum (genitive plural)
-ēdinī (dative singular)
-ēdinibus (dative plural)
-ēdinem (accusative singular)
-ēdinēs (accusative plural)
-ēdine (ablative singular)
-ēdinibus (ablative plural)
-ēdō (singular vocative)
-ēdinēs (plural vocative)
-īdō (alternative)

Old Galician-Portuguese: -een

Galician: -én

absūmō + -ēdō → absūmēdō

dulcis + -ēdō → dulcēdō

gravis + -ēdō → gravēdō

torpeō + -ēdō → torpēdō

suffixed to the roots of adjectives and verbs, chiefly forms abstract nouns


-ari

Apparently from a dative singular in -ī, the semantic shift being "for Xing" > "to be Xed".

present passive infinitive of -ō (first conjugation)


-atum

amō (“I love”) → amātum (“love”)

suffixed to first-conjugation verbs, forms supines


-atum

inflection of -ātus:
accusative masculine singular


-antes

nominative/accusative/vocative plural masculine/feminine of -āns


-mentum

-menta (plural)
-mentum (nominative singular)
-menta (nominative plural)
-mentī (genitive singular)
-mentōrum (genitive plural)
-mentō (dative singular)
-mentīs (dative plural)
-mentum (accusative singular)
-menta (accusative plural)
-mentō (ablative singular)
-mentīs (ablative plural)
-mentum (singular vocative)
-menta (plural vocative)

Balkano-Romance:

Aromanian: -mintu

Romanian: -mânt, -ment

Italo-Dalmatian:

Italian: -mento

Sicilian: -mentu

Venetan: -mento

Maltese: -ment

Rhaeto-Romance:

Friulian: -ment

Gallo-Romance:

Catalan: -ment

Franco-Provençal: -ment

Old French: -ment (see there for further descendants)

Old Occitan: -ment
Occitan: -ment

Ibero-Romance:

Aragonese: -ment

Asturian: -mientu

Old Galician-Portuguese: -mento

Galician: -mento

Portuguese: -mento

Spanish: -mento, -miento

Borrowings:

→ Basque: -mendu

→ Dutch: -ment

→ English: -ment

→ German: -ment

→ Norwegian Bokmål: -ment

→ Scots: -ment

Derived from the Latin suffix -menta in collective nouns like armenta (“herd, flock”). Latin -menta is from Latin -mentum (singular), from Proto-Italic *-məntom, from the plural Proto-Indo-European *-mn̥teh₂ (*-mn̥ + *-teh₂, plural of *-mn̥-to-).

instrument, medium, or result of; e.g. monumentum


-tus

la-suffix-adj

-tus (feminine -ta, neuter -tum); first/second-declension suffix

-ta (feminine)
-tum (neuter)
-tus (masculine nominative singular)
-ta (feminine nominative singular)
-tum (neuter nominative singular)
-tī (masculine nominative plural)
-tae (feminine nominative plural)
-ta (neuter nominative plural)
-tī (genitive masculine singular)
-tae (feminine genitive singular)
-tī (genitive neuter singular)
-tōrum (genitive masculine plural)
-tārum (feminine genitive plural)
-tōrum (genitive neuter plural)
-tō (dative masculine singular)
-tae (dative feminine singular)
-tō (dative neuter singular)
-tīs (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
-tum (accusative masculine singular)
-tam (accusative feminine singular)
-tum (accusative neuter singular)
-tōs (accusative masculine plural)
-tās (accusative feminine plural)
-ta (accusative neuter plural)
-tō (ablative masculine singular)
-tā (ablative feminine singular)
-tō (ablative neuter singular)
-tīs (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
-te (masculine singular vocative)
-ta (feminine singular vocative)
-tum (neuter singular vocative)
-tī (masculine plural vocative)
-tae (feminine plural vocative)
-ta (neuter plural vocative)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *-tós
Proto-Italic *-tos
Latin -tus
From Proto-Italic *-tos, from Proto-Indo-European *-tós (suffix creating verbal adjectives).
Compare Proto-Slavic *-tъ, Proto-Germanic *-þaz, *-daz, *-taz.

inh

iūs (“law, legality; equity, the right, justice”) → iūstus (“lawful, legal; equitable, rightful, just”)

onus (“a burden or load, especially one excessive in magnitude”) → onustus (“burdened”, “heavily laden”, “overencumbered by a load”)

Forms adjectives having the sense "provided with".


-tus

la-suffix-noun

-tus m (genitive -tūs); fourth declension

-tūs (genitive)
-tus (nominative singular)
-tūs (nominative plural)
-tūs (genitive singular)
-tuum (genitive plural)
-tuī (dative singular)
-tibus (dative plural)
-tum (accusative singular)
-tūs (accusative plural)
-tū (ablative singular)
-tibus (ablative plural)
-tus (singular vocative)
-tūs (plural vocative)

From Proto-Italic *-tus, from Proto-Indo-European *-tus (suffix deriving action nouns from verb roots).
Cognate with Sanskrit -तुम् (-tum), Proto-Germanic *-þuz, Ancient Greek -τύς (-tús), Proto-Slavic *-tъ.

inh

cadō + -tus → cāsus

habeō (“I have, possess, have on, carry, wear”) + -tus → habitus (“a state or condition of being, physical character, demeanour, style of dress”)

sūmō (“I spend [time, effort, money, etc.]”) + -tus → sūmptus (“expenditure”)


-tus

la-suffix-noun

-tūs f (genitive -tūtis); third declension

-tūs (canonical feminine)
-tūtis (genitive)
-tūs (nominative singular)
-tūtēs (nominative plural)
-tūtis (genitive singular)
-tūtum (genitive plural)
-tūtī (dative singular)
-tūtibus (dative plural)
-tūtem (accusative singular)
-tūtēs (accusative plural)
-tūte (ablative singular)
-tūtibus (ablative plural)
-tūs (singular vocative)
-tūtēs (plural vocative)

From Proto-Indo-European *-tuHts (abstract-noun forming suffix). Compare Proto-Celtic *-tūss, Gothic -𐌳𐌿𐌸𐍃 (-dūþs). See -tās.

inh

iuvenis (“young, a young man”) → iuventūs (“the young, young men collectively; the period or qualities of youthful manhood, youth”)

senex (“an old man”) → senectūs (“old men collectively; the period or condition of old age”)

Forms collective/abstract nouns from adjectives or other nouns.


-tus

From Proto-Italic *-tos, from Proto-Indo-European *-tos. Compare Ancient Greek -τός (-tós), found in the adverb ἐντός (entós, “within”), and Sanskrit -तस् (-tas), found as an ablatival ending in अतस् (átas), अग्रतस् (agratás).


-tis

masculine/feminine/neuter dative/ablative plural of -tus


-ites

la-suffix-noun

-ītēs m (genitive -ītae); first declension

-ītēs (canonical masculine)
-ītae (genitive)
-ītēs (nominative singular)
-ītae (nominative plural)
-ītae (genitive singular)
-ītārum (genitive plural)
-ītae (dative singular)
-ītīs (dative plural)
-ītēn (accusative singular)
-ītās (accusative plural)
-ītē (ablative singular)
-ītīs (ablative plural)
-ītē (singular vocative)
-ītae (plural vocative)

English: -ite

French: -ite

German: -it

From Ancient Greek -ῑ́της (-ī́tēs). Adopted in Latin as part of Greek loanwords, as -ītēs, often also as -īta.
Often in Biblical tribal names. Thus either Levītēs or Levīta, plural in -ītae.
In medieval Latin of religious groups, such as Marcionītae, Ebiōnītae, Monophysītae, etc.

adjective-forming suffix, especially of nominalized adjectives identifying groups of people as "those belonging to"


-ense

nominative/accusative/vocative neuter singular of -ēnsis


-iscus

la-suffix-adj

-iscus (feminine -isca, neuter -iscum); first/second-declension suffix

-isca (feminine)
-iscum (neuter)
-iscus (masculine nominative singular)
-isca (feminine nominative singular)
-iscum (neuter nominative singular)
-iscī (masculine nominative plural)
-iscae (feminine nominative plural)
-isca (neuter nominative plural)
-iscī (genitive masculine singular)
-iscae (feminine genitive singular)
-iscī (genitive neuter singular)
-iscōrum (genitive masculine plural)
-iscārum (feminine genitive plural)
-iscōrum (genitive neuter plural)
-iscō (dative masculine singular)
-iscae (dative feminine singular)
-iscō (dative neuter singular)
-iscīs (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
-iscum (accusative masculine singular)
-iscam (accusative feminine singular)
-iscum (accusative neuter singular)
-iscōs (accusative masculine plural)
-iscās (accusative feminine plural)
-isca (accusative neuter plural)
-iscō (ablative masculine singular)
-iscā (ablative feminine singular)
-iscō (ablative neuter singular)
-iscīs (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
-isce (masculine singular vocative)
-isca (feminine singular vocative)
-iscum (neuter singular vocative)
-iscī (masculine plural vocative)
-iscae (feminine plural vocative)
-isca (neuter plural vocative)

Aromanian: -escu

Asturian: -escu

Catalan: -esc

Friulian: -esc

Old Italian: -esco

Italian: -esco

→ French: -esque

→ English: -esque

→ Dutch: -esk

→ German: -esk

Old French: -eis, -ois

French: -ais, -ois

Norman: -ais, -ouais

Portuguese: -esco, -isco

Romanian: -esc, -escu

Sicilian: -iscu

Spanish: -sco

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *-iskos
Proto-Germanic *-iskaz
Proto-West Germanic *-iskbor.
Latin -iscus
Found in Late, Vulgar, and Medieval Latin, borrowed from Proto-West Germanic *-isk, from Proto-Germanic *-iskaz, from Proto-Indo-European *-iskos (suffix).
Cognate with Ancient Greek -ῐ́σκος (-ĭ́skos), which forms diminutive nouns.

etymon

(Late Latin, Medieval Latin) Used to form adjectives


-esimo

dative/ablative masculine/neuter singular of -ēsimus


-ior

-ius (neuter)
-ior (feminine masculine nominative singular)
-ius (neuter nominative singular)
-iōrēs (feminine masculine nominative plural)
-iōra (neuter nominative plural)
-iōris (feminine genitive masculine neuter singular)
-iōrum (feminine genitive masculine neuter plural)
-iōrī (dative feminine masculine neuter singular)
-iōribus (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
-iōrem (accusative feminine masculine singular)
-ius (accusative neuter singular)
-iōrēs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
-iōrīs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
-iōra (accusative neuter plural)
-iōre (ablative feminine masculine neuter singular)
-iōrī (ablative feminine masculine neuter singular)
-iōribus (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
-ior (feminine masculine singular vocative)
-ius (neuter singular vocative)
-iōrēs (feminine masculine plural vocative)
-iōra (neuter plural vocative)

From Proto-Italic *-jōs, from Proto-Indo-European *-yōs, for original **-yoss, i.e. the s-stem *-yos- with masculine nominative *-s. The ō from the nominative case was made common to all cases. Afterwards nom.sg. -iōr > -ior, by Latin sound laws. Thus paradoxically, as in the r-stems (soror, -tor, -or), in the resulting paradigm the one form with a short stem vowel is the only form whose stem was etymologically long.

esculentus → esculentior

pūtidus → pūtidior

ulter → ulterior (not *ultrior)

-issimus

suffix forming adjectives’ superlative degrees


-iano

dative/ablative masculine/neuter singular of -iānus


-ceps

la-suffix-adj

-ceps (genitive -cipitis); third-declension one-termination suffix

-cipitis (genitive)
-ceps (feminine masculine neuter nominative singular)
-cipitēs (feminine masculine nominative plural)
-cipitia (neuter nominative plural)
-cipitis (feminine genitive masculine neuter singular)
-cipitium (feminine genitive masculine neuter plural)
-cipitī (dative feminine masculine neuter singular)
-cipitibus (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
-cipitem (accusative feminine masculine singular)
-ceps (accusative neuter singular)
-cipitēs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
-cipitia (accusative neuter plural)
-cipitī (ablative feminine masculine neuter singular)
-cipitibus (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
-ceps (feminine masculine neuter singular vocative)
-cipitēs (feminine masculine plural vocative)
-cipitia (neuter plural vocative)
-cipes (alternative rare)

From Old Latin -cipes, from Proto-Italic *-kaputis, from the same root as caput, with *-kaputis > *-kapts. The suffix vowel was most likely lost by analogy to -ceps (“-catcher”).


-ceps

la-suffix-noun

-ceps m (genitive -cipis); third declension

-cipis (genitive)
-ceps (nominative singular)
-cipēs (nominative plural)
-cipis (genitive singular)
-cipum (genitive plural)
-cipī (dative singular)
-cipibus (dative plural)
-cipem (accusative singular)
-cipēs (accusative plural)
-cipe (ablative singular)
-cipibus (ablative plural)
-ceps (singular vocative)
-cipēs (plural vocative)

From Proto-Italic *-kaps, equivalent to capiō + -s.


-cola

-cola m (genitive -colae); first declension

-colae (genitive)
-cola (nominative singular)
-colae (nominative plural)
-colae (genitive singular)
-colārum (genitive plural)
-colae (dative singular)
-colīs (dative plural)
-colam (accusative singular)
-colās (accusative plural)
-colā (ablative singular)
-colīs (ablative plural)
-cola (singular vocative)
-colae (plural vocative)

→ Catalan: -cola

→ Italian: -cola

→ Spanish: -cola

rūpēs + -cola → rūpicola

ager + -cola → agricola

tiller, cultivator (one who tills or cultivates)

Jūnō + -cola → Jūnōnicola

worshipper, honorer (one who worships or honors)


-sis

dative/ablative masculine/feminine/neuter plural of -sus


-ida

inflection of -idus:
nominative/vocative feminine singular


-decim

From decem (“ten”); compare the shortening of the -e- to an -i- with decimus (“tenth”).


-pla

inflection of -plus:
nominative/vocative feminine singular


-ele

nominative/accusative/vocative neuter singular of -ēlis


-iens

-iēns (canonical)
-iēns (feminine masculine neuter nominative singular)
-ientēs (feminine masculine nominative plural)
-ientia (neuter nominative plural)
-ientis (feminine genitive masculine neuter singular)
-ientium (feminine genitive masculine neuter plural)
-ientī (dative feminine masculine neuter singular)
-ientibus (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
-ientem (accusative feminine masculine singular)
-iēns (accusative neuter singular)
-ientēs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
-ientīs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
-ientia (accusative neuter plural)
-iente (ablative feminine masculine neuter singular)
-ientī (ablative feminine masculine neuter singular)
-ientibus (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
-iēns (feminine masculine neuter singular vocative)
-ientēs (feminine masculine plural vocative)
-ientia (neuter plural vocative)

Rebracketing of forms such as audiēns (stem audī- + thematic vowel -e- + suffix -ns) or capiēns (stem capi- + thematic vowel -e- + -ns).

ending of the present active participle of fourth conjugation verbs; see -ns


-iens

used to form frequency adverbs, usually from a number and having the meaning "N times"


-ens

-ēns (canonical)
-ēns (feminine masculine neuter nominative singular)
-entēs (feminine masculine nominative plural)
-entia (neuter nominative plural)
-entis (feminine genitive masculine neuter singular)
-entium (feminine genitive masculine neuter plural)
-entī (dative feminine masculine neuter singular)
-entibus (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
-entem (accusative feminine masculine singular)
-ēns (accusative neuter singular)
-entēs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
-entīs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
-entia (accusative neuter plural)
-ente (ablative feminine masculine neuter singular)
-entī (ablative feminine masculine neuter singular)
-entibus (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
-ēns (feminine masculine neuter singular vocative)
-entēs (feminine masculine plural vocative)
-entia (neuter plural vocative)

Norwegian Bokmål: -ent

Rebracketing of forms such as monēns (stem monē- + suffix -ns) or legēns (stem leg- + thematic vowel -e- + -ns).

ending of the present active participle of second and third conjugation verbs; see -ns


-ittus

la-suffix-adj

-ittus (feminine -itta, neuter -ittum); first/second-declension suffix

-itta (feminine)
-ittum (neuter)
-ittus (masculine nominative singular)
-itta (feminine nominative singular)
-ittum (neuter nominative singular)
-ittī (masculine nominative plural)
-ittae (feminine nominative plural)
-itta (neuter nominative plural)
-ittī (genitive masculine singular)
-ittae (feminine genitive singular)
-ittī (genitive neuter singular)
-ittōrum (genitive masculine plural)
-ittārum (feminine genitive plural)
-ittōrum (genitive neuter plural)
-ittō (dative masculine singular)
-ittae (dative feminine singular)
-ittō (dative neuter singular)
-ittīs (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
-ittum (accusative masculine singular)
-ittam (accusative feminine singular)
-ittum (accusative neuter singular)
-ittōs (accusative masculine plural)
-ittās (accusative feminine plural)
-itta (accusative neuter plural)
-ittō (ablative masculine singular)
-ittā (ablative feminine singular)
-ittō (ablative neuter singular)
-ittīs (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
-itte (masculine singular vocative)
-itta (feminine singular vocative)
-ittum (neuter singular vocative)
-ittī (masculine plural vocative)
-ittae (feminine plural vocative)
-itta (neuter plural vocative)
-ettus (alternative)

Italo-Romance:

Italian: -etto, -etta

Neapolitan: -itto, -etta

Sicilian: -ittu, -itta

Gallo-Romance:

Catalan: -et, -eta

Franco-Provençal: -èt, -èta

desctree

French: -et
→? Galician: -ete, -eta
→ Spanish: -ete

Occitan: -et, -eta

Ibero-Romance:

Spanish: -ito, -ita

Portuguese: -ito, -ita


-tores

nominative/accusative/vocative plural of -tor


-ores

nominative/accusative/vocative plural of -or


-torum

masculine/neuter genitive plural of -tus


-orum

Regularly declined forms of -us (suffix forming adjectives).


-orum

A regularly declined form of -or (suffix forming abstract nouns).


-ela

la-suffix-noun

-ēla f (genitive -ēlae); first declension

-ēla (canonical feminine)
-ēlae (genitive)
-ēla (nominative singular)
-ēlae (nominative plural)
-ēlae (genitive singular)
-ēlārum (genitive plural)
-ēlae (dative singular)
-ēlīs (dative plural)
-ēlam (accusative singular)
-ēlās (accusative plural)
-ēlā (ablative singular)
-ēlīs (ablative plural)
-ēla (singular vocative)
-ēlae (plural vocative)


-co

Declined forms of -cus (adjectival suffix).

dative/ablative masculine/neuter singular of -cus


-co

Declined forms of -cum (nominal suffix).


-sura

-sūra f (genitive -sūrae); first declension

-sūra (canonical feminine)
-sūrae (genitive)
-sūra (nominative singular)
-sūrae (nominative plural)
-sūrae (genitive singular)
-sūrārum (genitive plural)
-sūrae (dative singular)
-sūrīs (dative plural)
-sūram (accusative singular)
-sūrās (accusative plural)
-sūrā (ablative singular)
-sūrīs (ablative plural)
-sūra (singular vocative)
-sūrae (plural vocative)
-tūra (alternative)

-ure, -work, -ing; used to form a noun relating to some action.


-cidium

-cīdium n (genitive -cīdiī or -cīdī); second declension

-cīdium (canonical neuter)
-cīdiī (genitive)
-cīdī (genitive)
-cīdium (nominative singular)
-cīdia (nominative plural)
-cīdiī (genitive singular)
-cīdī (genitive singular)
-cīdiōrum (genitive plural)
-cīdiō (dative singular)
-cīdiīs (dative plural)
-cīdium (accusative singular)
-cīdia (accusative plural)
-cīdiō (ablative singular)
-cīdiīs (ablative plural)
-cīdium (singular vocative)
-cīdia (plural vocative)

English: -cide (merged with -cīda)

Dalmatian: -cido

Italian: -cidio

Spanish: -cidio

Portuguese: -cídio

From -cīda (suffix denoting “killer”, “cutter”) + -ium.

suffix

Denotes an act of killing or a slaughter


-trum

la-suffix-noun

-trum n (genitive -trī); second declension

-trī (genitive)
-trum (nominative singular)
-tra (nominative plural)
-trī (genitive singular)
-trōrum (genitive plural)
-trō (dative singular)
-trīs (dative plural)
-trum (accusative singular)
-tra (accusative plural)
-trō (ablative singular)
-trīs (ablative plural)
-trum (singular vocative)
-tra (plural vocative)
-culum (alternative)
-crum (alternative)
-tra (alternative)

In inherited words, from Proto-Italic *-trom, from Proto-Indo-European *-trom. In words borrowed from Greek (and possibly in some neologisms), from Ancient Greek -τρον (-tron, instrument noun suffix), a cognate of the Latin ending. Ultimately from the same source as -culum, -crum, -bulum, -brum, which seem to have originated as contextual variants of a single suffix.

bor

suffix forming instrument nouns from verbs


-oides

la-suffix-adj

-oīdēs (neuter -oīdes or -oīdēs); third-declension one-termination suffix (Greek-type)

-oīdēs (canonical)
-oīdes (neuter)
-oīdēs (neuter)
-oīdēs (feminine masculine nominative singular)
-oīdes (neuter nominative singular)
-oīdēs (neuter nominative singular)
-oīdēs (feminine masculine nominative plural)
-oīda (neuter nominative plural)
-oīdia (neuter nominative plural)
-oīdis (feminine genitive masculine neuter singular)
-oīdum (feminine genitive masculine neuter plural)
-oīdium (feminine genitive masculine neuter plural)
-oīdī (dative feminine masculine neuter singular)
-oīdibus (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
-oīdem (accusative feminine masculine singular)
-oīdes (accusative neuter singular)
-oīdēs (accusative neuter singular)
-oīdēs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
-oīda (accusative neuter plural)
-oīdia (accusative neuter plural)
-oīde (ablative feminine masculine neuter singular)
-oīdī (ablative feminine masculine neuter singular)
-oīdibus (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
-oīdes (feminine masculine neuter singular vocative)
-oīdēs (feminine masculine neuter singular vocative)
-oīdēs (feminine masculine plural vocative)
-oīda (neuter plural vocative)
-oīdia (neuter plural vocative)

→ English: -oid

→ Translingual: -oides

From -o- + Ancient Greek -ειδής (-eidḗs, “-oid, -like”).


-vus

-vus (masculine nominative singular)
-va (feminine nominative singular)
-vum (neuter nominative singular)
-vī (masculine nominative plural)
-vae (feminine nominative plural)
-va (neuter nominative plural)
-vī (genitive masculine singular)
-vae (feminine genitive singular)
-vī (genitive neuter singular)
-vōrum (genitive masculine plural)
-vārum (feminine genitive plural)
-vōrum (genitive neuter plural)
-vō (dative masculine singular)
-vae (dative feminine singular)
-vō (dative neuter singular)
-vīs (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
-vum (accusative masculine singular)
-vam (accusative feminine singular)
-vum (accusative neuter singular)
-vōs (accusative masculine plural)
-vās (accusative feminine plural)
-va (accusative neuter plural)
-vō (ablative masculine singular)
-vā (ablative feminine singular)
-vō (ablative neuter singular)
-vīs (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
-ve (masculine singular vocative)
-va (feminine singular vocative)
-vum (neuter singular vocative)
-vī (masculine plural vocative)
-vae (feminine plural vocative)
-va (neuter plural vocative)

From Proto-Italic *-wos, from the Proto-Indo-European suffix *-wós‚ from the perfect active participle suffix *-wōs.

arvus, clīvus, corvus, flāvus, vīvus


-ali

dative/ablative masculine/feminine/neuter singular of -ālis


-igo

la-suffix-verb

-igō (present infinitive -igāre, perfect active -igāvī, supine -igātum); first conjugation

-igō (canonical)
-igāre (infinitive present)
-igāvī (active perfect)
-igātum (supine)
-igō (active first-person indicative present singular)
-igās (active indicative present second-person singular)
-igat (active indicative present singular third-person)
-igāmus (active first-person indicative plural present)
-igātis (active indicative plural present second-person)
-igant (active indicative plural present third-person)
-igābam (active first-person imperfect indicative singular)
-igābās (active imperfect indicative second-person singular)
-igābat (active imperfect indicative singular third-person)
-igābāmus (active first-person imperfect indicative plural)
-igābātis (active imperfect indicative plural second-person)
-igābant (active imperfect indicative plural third-person)
-igābō (active first-person future indicative singular)
-igābis (active future indicative second-person singular)
-igābit (active future indicative singular third-person)
-igābimus (active first-person future indicative plural)
-igābitis (active future indicative plural second-person)
-igābunt (active future indicative plural third-person)
-igāvī (active first-person indicative perfect singular)
-igāvistī (active indicative perfect second-person singular)
-igāvit (active indicative perfect singular third-person)
-igāvimus (active first-person indicative perfect plural)
-igāvistis (active indicative perfect plural second-person)
-igāvērunt (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
-igāvēre (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
-igāveram (active first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
-igāverās (active indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
-igāverat (active indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
-igāverāmus (active first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
-igāverātis (active indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
-igāverant (active indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
-igāverō (active first-person future indicative perfect singular)
-igāveris (active future indicative perfect second-person singular)
-igāverit (active future indicative perfect singular third-person)
-igāverimus (active first-person future indicative perfect plural)
-igāveritis (active future indicative perfect plural second-person)
-igāverint (active future indicative perfect plural third-person)
-igor (first-person indicative passive present singular)
-igāris (indicative passive present second-person singular)
-igāre (indicative passive present second-person singular)
-igātur (indicative passive present singular third-person)
-igāmur (first-person indicative passive plural present)
-igāminī (indicative passive plural present second-person)
-igantur (indicative passive plural present third-person)
-igābar (first-person imperfect indicative passive singular)
-igābāris (imperfect indicative passive second-person singular)
-igābāre (imperfect indicative passive second-person singular)
-igābātur (imperfect indicative passive singular third-person)
-igābāmur (first-person imperfect indicative passive plural)
-igābāminī (imperfect indicative passive plural second-person)
-igābantur (imperfect indicative passive plural third-person)
-igābor (first-person future indicative passive singular)
-igāberis (future indicative passive second-person singular)
-igābere (future indicative passive second-person singular)
-igābitur (future indicative passive singular third-person)
-igābimur (first-person future indicative passive plural)
-igābiminī (future indicative passive plural second-person)
-igābuntur (future indicative passive plural third-person)
-igem (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
-igēs (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
-iget (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
-igēmus (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
-igētis (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
-igent (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
-igārem (active first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
-igārēs (active imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
-igāret (active imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
-igārēmus (active first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
-igārētis (active imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
-igārent (active imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
-igāverim (active first-person perfect singular subjunctive)
-igāverīs (active perfect second-person singular subjunctive)
-igāverit (active perfect singular subjunctive third-person)
-igāverīmus (active first-person perfect plural subjunctive)
-igāverītis (active perfect plural second-person subjunctive)
-igāverint (active perfect plural subjunctive third-person)
-igāvissem (active first-person pluperfect singular subjunctive)
-igāvissēs (active pluperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
-igāvisset (active pluperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
-igāvissēmus (active first-person pluperfect plural subjunctive)
-igāvissētis (active pluperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
-igāvissent (active pluperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
-iger (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
-igēris (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
-igēre (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
-igētur (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
-igēmur (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
-igēminī (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
-igentur (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
-igārer (first-person imperfect passive singular subjunctive)
-igārēris (imperfect passive second-person singular subjunctive)
-igārēre (imperfect passive second-person singular subjunctive)
-igārētur (imperfect passive singular subjunctive third-person)
-igārēmur (first-person imperfect passive plural subjunctive)
-igārēminī (imperfect passive plural second-person subjunctive)
-igārentur (imperfect passive plural subjunctive third-person)
-igā (active imperative present second-person singular)
-igāte (active imperative plural present second-person)
-igātō (active future imperative second-person singular)
-igātō (active future imperative singular third-person)
-igātōte (active future imperative plural second-person)
-igantō (active future imperative plural third-person)
-igāre (imperative passive present second-person singular)
-igāminī (imperative passive plural present second-person)
-igātor (future imperative passive second-person singular)
-igātor (future imperative passive singular third-person)
-igantor (future imperative passive plural third-person)
-igāre (active infinitive present)
-igārī (infinitive passive present third-person)
-igārier (infinitive passive present third-person)
-igāns (active participle present)
-igātūrum esse (active future infinitive)
-igātum īrī (future infinitive passive third-person)
-igātūrus (active future participle)
-igandus (future participle passive third-person)
-igāvisse (active infinitive perfect)
-igātum esse (infinitive passive perfect third-person)
-igātus (participle passive perfect third-person)
-igātum fore (future infinitive passive perfect third-person)
-igātūrum fuisse (active infinitive perfect potential)
-igandī (genitive gerund noun-from-verb)
-igandō (dative gerund noun-from-verb)
-igandum (accusative gerund noun-from-verb)
-igandō (ablative gerund noun-from-verb)
-igātum (accusative noun-from-verb supine)
-igātū (ablative noun-from-verb supine)

From Proto-Italic *-agāō, suffixed form of Proto-Italic *agō. Doublet of agō.

fūmus + -igō → fūmigō

līs (oblique stem: līt-) + -igō → lītigō

rēmus + -igō → rēmigō

fūstis + -igō → fūstīgō (long i due to i-stem)

nāvis + -igō → nāvigō (short i due to being from *naw-s, not an i-stem)

Enlargement of -ō (suffix forming regular first-conjugation verbs).


-igo

la-suffix-noun

-īgō f (genitive -īginis); third declension

-īgō (canonical feminine)
-īginis (genitive)
-īgō (nominative singular)
-īginēs (nominative plural)
-īginis (genitive singular)
-īginum (genitive plural)
-īginī (dative singular)
-īginibus (dative plural)
-īginem (accusative singular)
-īginēs (accusative plural)
-īgine (ablative singular)
-īginibus (ablative plural)
-īgō (singular vocative)
-īginēs (plural vocative)

Italian: -igine

Sicilian: -ìniga, -ìnija

A metanalysis of vertex + nasal suffix *-n- > *vertign- > *vertīgin- > vertīgō (“gyration, dizziness”) as vertō (“to turn”) + -īgō. Compare -ūgō (suffix forming nouns).

impetō + -īgō → impetīgō

prūriō + -īgō → prūrīgō

rōbus + -īgō → rōbīgō

scaturriō + -īgō → scaturrīgō

Suffixed to nouns and to verbs, forms nouns usually denoting diseased conditions.


-ti

inflection of -tus:
masculine/neuter genitive singular

inflection of -tus:
masculine nominative/vocative plural