X

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Χ (Kh, “chi”), which represented /ks/ in the dialects of most of the Greek mainland and Euboea.


septem

Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: shapti, shapte

Istro-Romanian: șåpte

Megleno-Romanian: șapti

Romanian: șapte

Dalmatian:

sapto

Italo-Romance:

Corsican: sette, setti

Gallurese: setti

Italian: sette

Neapolitan: sette

Sassarese: setti

Sicilian: setti, sietti

North Italian:

Emilian: sêt

Friulian: siet

Istriot: siete

Ladin: set

Romansch: set, siat, seat

Venetian: sete

Gallo-Romance:

Franco-Provençal: sèpt

desctree

Old French: set
Middle French: sept
French: sept
Norman: sept, saept (Guernsey)
Walloon: set

Occitano-Romance:

Catalan: set

Occitan: sèt

Ibero-Romance:

Aragonese: siet, siete

Asturian: siete

Mirandese: siete

Old Galician-Portuguese: sete

Portuguese: sete
Kadiwéu: seete
Macanese: séti

Galician: sete

Spanish: siete
→ Ilocano: siete
→ Tagalog: siyete

Insular Romance:

Sardinian: sete, seti

[ˈs̠ɛpt̪ɛ̃ˑ]

From Proto-Italic *septem, from Proto-Indo-European *septḿ̥.
Cognates include Sanskrit सप्तन् (saptán), Ancient Greek ἑπτά (heptá), Old English seofon (English seven) and Old Church Slavonic седмь (sedmĭ).

at Nileus, qui se genitum septemplice Nilo ementitus erat, clipeo quoque flumina septem argento partim, partim caelaverat auro

But Nileus, who falsely claimed he was born of the seven-fold Nile, had upon [his] shield the seven streams, part in silver and part engraved in gold

quam diligens Iacob ait serviam tibi pro Rahel filia tua minore septem annis

And Jacob loved Rachel; and said, I will serve thee seven years for Rachel thy younger daughter.


quinque

Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: tsintsi

Istro-Romanian: ćinć

Megleno-Romanian: tsints, ținți

Romanian: cinci

Dalmatian:

cionco

Italo-Romance:

Corsican: cinque, cinqui

Italian: cinque

→ Sabir: cinque

Neapolitan: cinco

Sicilian: cincu

Insular Romance:

desc

Sardinian: chimbe (Logudorese), cincu (Campidanese)

North Italian:

Gallo-Italic:

Ligurian: çìnque

Old Lombard: zinqui

Lombard: cinch

Piedmontese: sinch

Romagnol: zéncv

Emilian: zénc

Friulian: cinc

Istriot: sinque

Ladin: cinch

Romansch: tschintg

Venetian: sinque, zsinque

Gallo-Romance:

Franco-Provençal: cinq

desctree

Old French: cinc
Gallo: sinq, sin
Middle French: cinq (see there for further descendants)
Norman: chînq, chinq (Guernsey), chin (continental), chin
Walloon: cénk

Occitano-Romance:

Catalan: cinc

Occitan: cinc

Ibero-Romance:

Navarro-Aragonese: cinco

Aragonese: zinco, cinco

Old Leonese: cincu

Asturian: cinco, cincu

Extremaduran: cincu

Leonese: cincu

Mirandese: cinco

Old Galician-Portuguese: cinco, cinque

Galician: cinco

Portuguese: cinco (see there for further descendants)

Old Spanish: cinco

Ladino: sinko

Spanish: cinco (see there for further descendants)

From Proto-Italic *kʷenkʷe, from Proto-Indo-European *pénkʷe (the Italic *kʷ-kʷ, which developed by a consonant shift from *p-kʷ, is also found in words like coquō; compare proto-Celtic *kʷinkʷe). Cognates include Sanskrit पञ्चन् (páñcan), Ancient Greek πέντε (pénte), Old Armenian հինգ (hing), Gothic 𐍆𐌹𐌼𐍆 (fimf) and Old English fīf (English five). Doublet of Pompeii.

Iam tempora Titan quinque per autumnos repetiti duxerat anni

Now Titan had led time through five autumn seasons

acceptis autem quinque panibus et duobus piscibus respexit in caelum et benedixit illis et fregit et distribuit discipulis suis ut ponerent ante turbas

Then he took the five loaves and the two fishes, and looking up to heaven, he blessed them, and brake, and gave to the disciples to set before the multitude.


octo

Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: optu

Istro-Romanian: opt

Megleno-Romanian: uopt

Romanian: opt

Dalmatian: uapto, guapto, uat

Italo-Romance:

Corsican: ottu

Italian: otto

Neapolitan: otto

Sicilian: ottu

North Italian:

Friulian: vot

Istriot: uoto

Ladin: ot

Piedmontese: eut, eugg

Romansch: otg, ot

Venetian: oto

Gallo-Romance:

Franco-Provençal: huét

Old French: uit
Middle French: huyct, huict, huit, huyt
French: huit
Norman: huit
Walloon: ût

Occitano-Romance:

Catalan: vuit

Valencian: huit

Occitan: uèch, uèit, uòch

Ibero-Romance:

Aragonese: ueito, güeito, ueit

Asturian: uecho (obsolete)

Mirandese: uito

Old Galician-Portuguese: oito
Galician: oito
Portuguese: oito, outo (dated)
→? Asturian: oito

Old Spanish: ocho

Ladino: ocho

Spanish: ocho (see there for further descendants)

Insular Romance:

Sardinian: oto, òtu

Borrowings:

→ Dutch: octo- (partially)

→ English: octo- (partially)

From Proto-Italic *oktō, from Proto-Indo-European *oḱtṓw.
Cognates include Sanskrit अष्ट (aṣṭa), Ancient Greek ὀκτώ (oktṓ), Gothic 𐌰𐌷𐍄𐌰𐌿 (ahtau) and Old English eahta (English eight). Rubenbauer/Hofmann argue the form seems to stem from a PIE dual ("two times four fingertips" in a base-4 system).

huic a stirpe pedes temo protentus in octo,

c. 37 BCE – 30 BCE, Virgil, Georgics 1.171

then nigh the root / A pole eight feet projecting, earth-boards twain, / And share-beam with its double back they fix

binae aures, duplici aptantur dentalia dorso.

T. etiam Quintius Cincinnatus Praenestinos, qui usque ad urbis Romae portas cum bello venerant, persecutus ad flumen Alliam vicit, octo civitates, quae sub ipsis agebant, Romanis adiunxit, ipsum Praeneste adgressus in deditionem accepit.

c. 370 CE, Eutropius, Breviarium historiae romanae 2.2

Titus Quintius Cincinnatus, also, having pursued the Praenestini, who had advanced in a hostile manner to the very gates of Rome, defeated them on the river Allia, annexing eight cities that were under their dominion to the Roman empire; and, attacking Praeneste itself, forced it to surrender.

octo annorum erat Iosias cum regnare coepisset et triginta uno anno regnavit in Hierusalem

Josiah was eight years old when he began to reign, and he reigned thirty and one years in Jerusalem.


quattuor

Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: patru, paturu

Istro-Romanian: påtru

Megleno-Romanian: patru

Romanian: patru

Dalmatian:

quater, quatar, kuatri, čatro, quattro

Italo-Romance:

Corsican: quattru

Gallurese: cattru, quattru

Italian: quattro

→ Sabir: quatr' (or via some other Romance variety)

Neapolitan: quatto

Tarantino: quatt

Sicilian: quattru

Sassarese: quattru

North Italian:

Emilian: quâter

Friulian: cuatri

Istriot: quatro

Ladin: cater

Ligurian: quattro

Old Lombard: quatro

desc

Lombard: quatter, quatar, quater, quasar

Piedmontese: quatr

Romagnol: quatar

Romansch: quatter, quater

Venetian: quatro

Gallo-Romance:

Franco-Provençal: quatro

desctree

Old French: quatre
Franc-Comtois: quaitre
Middle French: quatre
French: quatre (see there for further descendants)
Norman: quate (continental), quatre (Guernsey), quat' (Jersey)
Picard: quate
Walloon: cwate

Occitano-Romance:

Catalan: quatre

Old Occitan: catre, quatre
Occitan: quatre, qüate

Ibero-Romance:

Navarro-Aragonese: quatro

Aragonese: quatre, quatro

Old Leonese: quatro

Asturian: cuatro, cuatru, cuetru

Leonese: cuatru

Mirandese: quatro

Old Galician-Portuguese: quatro

Fala: cuatru

Galician: catro

Portuguese: quatro (see there for further descendants)

Old Spanish: quatro

Ladino: kuatro

Spanish: cuatro

Chavacano: kwatro

Palenquero: cuatro

Insular Romance:

Sardinian:

Campidanese: quattru, quatturu, batturu

Logudorese: battor

Nuorese: battor

Borrowings:

→ French: quatuor

[ˈkʷät̪ːuɔr]

From Proto-Italic *kʷettwōr (*t duplicated preceding *-w-), from Proto-Indo-European *kʷetwṓr, neuter plural of *kʷetwóres. Cognates include Sanskrit चतुर् (catur), Old Armenian չորք (čʻorkʻ), Ancient Greek τέσσαρες (téssares), and Old English fēower (English four).
The change of *e to a is unexplained; the expected form would be *quettuor. One theory suggests contamination with the zero-grade form *kʷtwr̥-.

Iuppiter antiqui contraxit tempora veris perque hiemes aestusque et inaequalis autumnos et breve ver spatiis exegit quattuor annum.

Venerable Jove brought together the time of spring and through winter, summer, variable autumn, and brief spring completed the year in four seasons.

quicquid autem ex volucribus quattuor tantum habet pedes execrabile erit vobis

But all other flying creeping things, which have four feet, shall be an abomination unto you.


decem

Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: dzatsi, dzatse, zatsi, zatse

Megleno-Romanian: zeți, zătsi

Istro-Romanian: zeţe

Romanian: zece

Dalmatian:

dic

Italo-Romance:

Corsican: dece, deci

Gallurese: deci

Italian: dieci

Neapolitan: diece

Sassarese: dezi

Sicilian: deci

North Italian:

Friulian: dîs

Istriot: gise, gize

Ladin: diesc

Piedmontese: des

Romansch: diesch

Venetian: diéxe

Gallo-Romance:

Franco-Provençal: diéx

Old French: dis
French: dix
Norman: dgix, dix (Guernsey), dyis (France)
Walloon: dijh

Occitano-Romance:

Catalan: deu

Occitan: dètz, detz, dietz

Ibero-Romance:

Aragonese: diez, deu (Ribagorçan)

Asturian: diez

Mirandese: dieç

Old Galician-Portuguese: dez

Galician: dez

Portuguese: dez

Spanish: diez

Insular Romance:

desc

Sardinian: deghe (Logudorese), deche (Nuorese)

[ˈd̪ɛːt͡ʃem]

From Proto-Italic *dekem, from Proto-Indo-European *déḱm̥. Cognates include Sanskrit दश (daśa), Ancient Greek δέκα (déka), Gothic 𐍄𐌰𐌹𐌷𐌿𐌽 (taihun) and Old English tīen (English ten).

Caesar exposito exercitu et loco castris idoneo capto, ubi ex captivis cognovit quo in loco hostium copiae consedissent, cohortibus decem ad mare relictis et equitibus trecentis, qui praesidio navibus essent […]

c. 52 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de Bello Gallico 5.9

Caesar, having disembarked his army and chosen a convenient place for the camp, when he discovered from the prisoners in what part the forces of the enemy had lodged themselves, having left ten cohorts and 300 horse at the sea, to be a guard to the ships, hastens to the enemy […]

sic magna fuit censuque virisque perque decem potuit tantum dare sanguinis annos

Thus Troy stood great in wealth and men, and for ten years was able to give freely of her blood.

et audientes decem coeperunt indignari de Iacobo et Iohanne

And when the ten heard it, they began to be much displeased with James and John.


novem

Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: noauã

Megleno-Romanian: noauă

Romanian: nouă

Dalmatian:

nu

Italo-Romance:

Corsican: nove, novi

Gallurese: noi

Italian: nove

Neapolitan: nove

Tarantino: nôve

Sassarese: nobi

Sicilian: novi

North Italian:

Friulian: nûf

Istriot: gnove

Ladin: nuef

Ligurian: neuve

Lombard: növ

Piedmontese: neuv

Romagnol: növ (Ville Unite)

Romansch: nov

Venetian: nove

Gallo-Romance:

Franco-Provençal: nôf

desctree

Old French: nuef
Middle French: neuf
French: neuf
Norman: neuf
Walloon: noûf

Occitano-Romance:

Catalan: nou

Occitan: nòu

Ibero-Romance:

Aragonese: nueu, nou

Extremaduran: nuevi

Old Leonese:

Asturian: nueve

Leonese: nueve

Mirandese: nuôbe

Old Galician-Portuguese: nove

Galician: nove

Portuguese: nove

Old Spanish: nueve, nuef

Spanish: nueve
Papiamentu: nuebe
→ Cebuano: nuwebe
→ Tagalog: nuwebe

Insular Romance:

Sardinian: noi, nobe, noe

For *noven (contaminated by decem, original form preserved in nōnus < *h₁newnos), from Proto-Italic *nowem, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁néwn̥. Cognates include Sanskrit नवन् (navan), Ancient Greek ἐννέα (ennéa), Gothic 𐌽𐌹𐌿𐌽 (niun) and Old English nigon (English nine).

perque novem luces expers undaeque cibique
rore mero lacrimisque suis ieiunia pavit

For nine whole days she sat, tasting neither drink nor food,
her hunger fed by naught save pure dew and tears,
and moved not from the ground.

per idem tempus annorum novem, ab undevicensimo anno aetatis meae usque ad duodetricensimum, seducebamur et seducebamus

397 CE – 401 CE, Aurelius Augustinus Hipponensis, Confessions 4.1.1

During this period of nine years, from my nineteenth year to my twenty-eighth, I went astray and led others astray.

et nunc divide terram in possessionem novem tribubus et dimidiae tribui Manasse

Late 4th century, Jerome [et al.], transl., edited by Roger Gryson, Biblia Sacra: Iuxta Vulgatam Versionem (Vulgate), 5th edition, Stuttgart: Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, published 2007, →ISBN, Iosue 13:7:

Now therefore divide this land for an inheritance unto the nine tribes, and the half tribe of Manasseh


cinque

* see: quīnque

... [vi]xit annis quadracinta cinque ex quo nati sunt fili vigintiunus et Camuriusnia Rofina filia ipsuius qui vixit annis cinquaginta quator baene maerenti fecerunt

2nd c. CE, Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum 10 05939 (1)

...lived for forty-five years and had twenty-one sons and a daughter Camuriusnia Rofina, who lived fifty-four years; [together,] they made [this epitaph] for [their] well-deserving [parent]

Alternative form of quīnque (with dissimilation of /kʷ–kʷ/ to /k–kʷ/)


unus

ūnus (canonical)
ūna (feminine)
ūnum (neuter)
ūnus (masculine nominative singular)
ūna (feminine nominative singular)
ūnum (neuter nominative singular)
ūnī (masculine nominative plural)
ūnae (feminine nominative plural)
ūna (neuter nominative plural)
ūnī̆us (feminine genitive masculine neuter singular)
ūnōrum (genitive masculine plural)
ūnārum (feminine genitive plural)
ūnōrum (genitive neuter plural)
ūnī (dative feminine masculine neuter singular)
ūnīs (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
ūnum (accusative masculine singular)
ūnam (accusative feminine singular)
ūnum (accusative neuter singular)
ūnōs (accusative masculine plural)
ūnās (accusative feminine plural)
ūna (accusative neuter plural)
ūnō (ablative masculine singular)
ūnā (ablative feminine singular)
ūnō (ablative neuter singular)
ūnīs (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
ūne (masculine singular vocative)
ūna (feminine singular vocative)
ūnum (neuter singular vocative)
ūnī (masculine plural vocative)
ūnae (feminine plural vocative)
ūna (neuter plural vocative)

From Old Latin oinos, from Proto-Italic *oinos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁óynos (“one, single”).
Cognates include Ancient Greek οἶος (oîos), Sanskrit एक (éka), Old Church Slavonic ѥдинъ (jedinŭ), Old Irish óen, and Old English ān (English one and an).

der

satis illi ad fata vel unum vulnus erat: iugulum ferro Philomela resolvit

Sufficient was this one wound to kill; but Philomela also cut open the throat

et venit Anani unus de fratribus meis ipse et viri ex Iuda et interrogavi eos de Iudaeis qui remanserant et supererant de captivitate et de Hierusalem

and Hanani came, one of my brethren, he and certain men of Judah; and I asked them concerning the Jews that had escaped, which were left of the captivity, and concerning Jerusalem

6th c. — Boethius, Commentarium in librum Aristotelis Peri hermeneias primae editionis, Book I, section 5

"In summary therefore, of one theme others are (by signification) one, some with connections."

In summam igitur ūnārum ōrātiōnum aliae sunt significātiōne ūnae, aliae coniūnctiōne.


uno

ablative masculine/neuter singular of ūnus

(dated) dative masculine/neuter singular of ūnus


tres

trēs (canonical)
tria (neuter)
trēs (feminine masculine nominative plural)
tria (neuter nominative plural)
trium (genitive plural)
tribus (dative plural)
trēs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
trīs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
tria (accusative neuter plural)
tribus (ablative plural)
trēs (feminine masculine plural vocative)
tria (neuter plural vocative)

Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: trei

Istro-Romanian: trei

Megleno-Romanian: trei

Romanian: trei

Dalmatian:

tra

Italo-Romance:

Corsican: trè

Italian: tre

Neapolitan: tre

Sicilian: tri

North Italian:

Friulian: trê

Ladin: trei

Ligurian: træ

Romagnol: tri, trẹ (San Marino)

Romansch: trais

Venetian: tre

Gallo-Romance:

Franco-Provençal: três

desctree

Old French: trois
Middle French: troys
French: trois
Haitian Creole: twa
Louisiana Creole: trò, trwa
Norman: trais
Walloon: troes

Occitano-Gallo-Romance:

Catalan: tres

Occitan: tres

Ibero-Romance:

Old Leonese:

Asturian: tres

Leonese: trés

Mirandese: trés

Old Galician-Portuguese: tres
Fala: tres
Galician: tres
Portuguese: três

Old Spanish: tres

Ladino: trez

Spanish: tres

Insular Romance:

Sardinian: tres

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *tréyes
Proto-Italic *trēs
Latin tres
From Proto-Italic *trēs, from Proto-Indo-European *tréyes. Cognates include Sanskrit त्रि (trí), Ancient Greek τρεῖς (treîs) and Old English þrēo (English three).

etymon

tria Cerberus extulit ora et tres latratus semel edidit

Cerberus put forth three mouths and issued three barks at once

nati sunt autem Absalom filii tres et filia una nomine Thamar eleganti forma

405 CE, Jerome, Vulgate Samuelis II.14.27

And unto Absalom there were born three sons, and one daughter, whose name was Tamar: she was a woman of a fair countenance


duo

duae (feminine)
duo (neuter)
duo (masculine nominative plural)
duae (feminine nominative plural)
duo (neuter nominative plural)
duōrum (genitive masculine plural)
duārum (feminine genitive plural)
duōrum (genitive neuter plural)
duōbus (dative masculine plural)
duābus (dative feminine plural)
duōbus (dative neuter plural)
duōs (accusative masculine plural)
duo (accusative masculine plural)
duās (accusative feminine plural)
duo (accusative neuter plural)
duōbus (ablative masculine plural)
duābus (ablative feminine plural)
duōbus (ablative neuter plural)
duo (masculine plural vocative)
duae (feminine plural vocative)
duo (neuter plural vocative)

Balkan Romance:

desc

Aromanian: doi m, dao f, dau f, dauã f, doauã f

Istro-Romanian: doi

Megleno-Romanian: doi, doauă

Romanian: doi m, două f

Dalmatian Romance:

Dalmatian: doi

Istriot: dui, duj

Italo-Romance:

Corsican: dui m, duie f

Italian: due, duo, ⇒ duetto (see there for further descendants)

Neapolitan: dduje

Sicilian: dui

Padanian:

Rhaeto-Romance

Friulian: doi, dôs

Ladin: doi

Romansch: dus m, duas f

Gallo-Italic

Piedmontese: doi

Venetian: do m, due f

Gallo-Romance:

Franco-Provençal: doux m, doves f

Old French: deus

Middle French: deus

French: deux

Norman: deux, daeux

Walloon: deus

Occitano-Romance:

Catalan: dos m, dues f

Old Occitan: dos m, doas f, doi

Occitan: dos m, doas f, dui, doi, (Aranese) dus

Ibero-Romance:

Aragonese: dos

Old Leonese:

Asturian: dos

Mirandese: dous m, dues f

desctree

Old Galician-Portuguese: dous m, duas f
Fala: dois
Galician: dous
Portuguese: dois
Galician: dúas
Portuguese: duas

Old Spanish: dos

Ladino: dos

Spanish: dos

Insular Romance:

Sardinian: duos, duas

Constructed languages:

→ Esperanto: du

→ Ido: du

→ Interlingua: duo

PIE word
 *dwóh₁
From Proto-Italic *duō, from Proto-Indo-European *dwóh₁ (which was inflected as a dual). Cognates include Ancient Greek δύο (dúo), Sanskrit द्व (dvá), Old Church Slavonic дъва (dŭva), and Old English twā (whence English two).

Dixit duas res ei rubori fuisse.

27 BCE – 25 BCE, Titus Livius, Ab Urbe Condita 45

He said that two things had abashed him.

et respondi secundo et dixi ad eum quid sunt duae spicae olivarum quae sunt iuxta duo rostra aurea in quibus sunt suffusoria ex auro

And I answered again, and said unto him, What be these two olive branches which through the two golden pipes empty the golden oil out of themselves?

Ne Hercules quidem adversus duos.


sex

Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: shasi, shase, sheasi, shease

Istro-Romanian: șåse

Megleno-Romanian: șasi

Romanian: șase

Dalmatian Romance:

Dalmatian: si

Istriot: seije

Italo-Romance:

Corsican: sei

Italian: sei

Neapolitan: séje

Tarantino: sèje

Sicilian: sei

North Italian:

Rhaeto-Romance:

Friulian: sîs

Ladin: sies

Romansch: sis, seis, ses

Gallo-Italic:

Emilian: sē, siē

Ligurian: sêi

Old Lombard: sex

Lombard: sees

desc

Gallo-Italic of Sicily: sèi, sii, sej, sieë, siei

Piedmontese: ses

Venetian: sei

Gallo-Romance:

Franco-Provençal: siéx

Old French: sis

Middle French: six

French: six (see there for further descendants)

Norman: six

Walloon: shijh

→ Middle English: sice, sis

English: sice, sise, size

→ Japanese: サイス (saisu)

Occitano-Romance:

Catalan: sis

Old Occitan: seis

Occitan: sièis

Ibero-Romance:

Aragonese: seis

Old Leonese:

Asturian: seis, seyes

Mirandese: seis

Old Galician-Portuguese: seis, seys

Galician: seis

Portuguese: seis, seys, seix

Kabuverdianu: sais

Papiamentu: seis

Spanish: seis

→ Aklanon: sais

→ Cebuano: sayis

→ Tagalog: seis

Insular Romance:

Sardinian: ses

From Proto-Italic *seks, from Proto-Indo-European *swéḱs.
Cognates include Sanskrit षष् (ṣaṣ), Old Armenian վեց (vecʻ), Ancient Greek ἕξ (héx), and Old English six (English six).

Ibi praesidium ponit et in altera parte fluminis Q.Titurium Sabinum legatum cum sex cohortibus relinquit;

c. 52 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de Bello Gallico 2.5

Over that river was a bridge: there he places a guard; and on the other side of the river he leaves Quintus Titurius Sabinus, his legate, with six cohorts.

haec super inposita est caeli fulgentis imago, signaque sex foribus dextris totidemque sinistris

Above these was placed an image of the shining sky, and six signs [of the zodiac] on the doorways to the right and the same number on the left.

sex diebus colligite in die autem septimo sabbatum est Domino idcirco non invenietur

Six days ye shall gather it; but on the seventh day, which is the sabbath, in it there shall be none.


vicesimus

vīcēsimus (canonical)
vīcēsima (feminine)
vīcēsimum (neuter)
vīcēsimus (masculine nominative singular)
vīcēsima (feminine nominative singular)
vīcēsimum (neuter nominative singular)
vīcēsimī (masculine nominative plural)
vīcēsimae (feminine nominative plural)
vīcēsima (neuter nominative plural)
vīcēsimī (genitive masculine singular)
vīcēsimae (feminine genitive singular)
vīcēsimī (genitive neuter singular)
vīcēsimōrum (genitive masculine plural)
vīcēsimārum (feminine genitive plural)
vīcēsimōrum (genitive neuter plural)
vīcēsimō (dative masculine singular)
vīcēsimae (dative feminine singular)
vīcēsimō (dative neuter singular)
vīcēsimīs (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
vīcēsimum (accusative masculine singular)
vīcēsimam (accusative feminine singular)
vīcēsimum (accusative neuter singular)
vīcēsimōs (accusative masculine plural)
vīcēsimās (accusative feminine plural)
vīcēsima (accusative neuter plural)
vīcēsimō (ablative masculine singular)
vīcēsimā (ablative feminine singular)
vīcēsimō (ablative neuter singular)
vīcēsimīs (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
vīcēsime (masculine singular vocative)
vīcēsima (feminine singular vocative)
vīcēsimum (neuter singular vocative)
vīcēsimī (masculine plural vocative)
vīcēsimae (feminine plural vocative)
vīcēsima (neuter plural vocative)

→ Catalan: vigèsim

→ Italian: vicesimo, vigesimo

→ English: vicesimation, vigesimal

→ Portuguese: vigésimo

→ Spanish: vigésimo

From the stem *vīcent- of vīgintī (“twenty”) before the replacement of /k/ with /ɡ/, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *(d)widḱm̥ti(h₁). Particularly:
* Remodeling of earlier *vīcēnssos, from Proto-Indo-European *widḱm̥t-tós (“twentieth”), with the added suffix of dec-imus.
* Or, inherited from Proto-Italic *wīkenssamos, a direct continuation of Proto-Indo-European *widḱm̥t-tm̥Hós, containing the superlative suffix *-tm̥Hós (“-est”) (compare -issimus) as used also in Sanskrit विंशतिम (viṃśatima), विंशतितम (viṃśatitama, “twentieth”).
See also vīciēs and vīcēnus. Surface analysis vīgintī (“twenty”) + -ēsimus (“-th”)

īcas

borrowed from εἰκάς (eikás) to mean the 20th day of a month

vīcēsimā hērēditātium


viginti

Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: yinghits

Dalmatian:

venč

Italo-Romance:

Corsican: venti, vinti

Gallurese: vinti

Italian: venti
→ English: venti

Neapolitan: vinte

Tarantino: vinde

Sassarese: vinti

Sicilian: vinti

North Italian:

Emilian: vèint

Friulian: vincj

Ladin: vint

Ligurian: vìnti

Lombard: viint, vinti, vint

Piedmontese: vint

Romagnol: vènt

Romansch: ventg

Venetian: vinti, venti

Gallo-Romance:

Franco-Provençal: vengt

desctree

Old French: vint
French: vingt
Haitian Creole: ven
Louisiana Creole: vin
Mauritian Creole: vin
→ Garifuna: wein
Norman: vîngt, vingt
Walloon: vint

Occitano-Romance:

Catalan: vint

Occitan: vint

Ibero-Romance:

Aragonese: vint, vinte, vinte

Insular Romance:

Sardinian: binti, vinti

Ibero-Romance:

Old Leonese: [Term?]

Asturian: venti

Extremaduran: venti

Mirandese: binte

desc

Old Galician-Portuguese: viinte, vynte, vinte

Galician: vinte

Portuguese: vinte
Kabuverdianu: vinti

desctree

Old Spanish: veynte, ueynte
Spanish: veinte (see there for further descendants)

[u̯iːˈɡɪn̪t̪iː]

From Proto-Italic *wīkentī, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁wi-(h₁)-ḱm̥t-ih₁, from *dwi-(h₁)-dḱm̥t-ih₁, *dwi(h₁)dḱm̥ti (“two tens, two decades”). See also vicesimus and vicies.
Cognate with Sanskrit विंशति (viṃśatí), Ancient Greek εἴκοσι (eíkosi), Old Irish fiche, Welsh ugain, Breton ugent, Tocharian A wiki.

Habet annos viginti.

qui submittentes invenerunt passus viginti et pusillum inde separati invenerunt passus quindecim

Late 4th century, Jerome [et al.], transl., edited by Roger Gryson, Biblia Sacra: Iuxta Vulgatam Versionem (Vulgate), 5th edition, Stuttgart: Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, published 2007, →ISBN, 27:28:

"And sounded, and found it twenty fathoms: and when they had gone a little further, they sounded again, and found it fifteen fathoms."


decimus

decima (feminine)
decimum (neuter)
decimus (masculine nominative singular)
decima (feminine nominative singular)
decimum (neuter nominative singular)
decimī (masculine nominative plural)
decimae (feminine nominative plural)
decima (neuter nominative plural)
decimī (genitive masculine singular)
decimae (feminine genitive singular)
decimī (genitive neuter singular)
decimōrum (genitive masculine plural)
decimārum (feminine genitive plural)
decimōrum (genitive neuter plural)
decimō (dative masculine singular)
decimae (dative feminine singular)
decimō (dative neuter singular)
decimīs (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
decimum (accusative masculine singular)
decimam (accusative feminine singular)
decimum (accusative neuter singular)
decimōs (accusative masculine plural)
decimās (accusative feminine plural)
decima (accusative neuter plural)
decimō (ablative masculine singular)
decimā (ablative feminine singular)
decimō (ablative neuter singular)
decimīs (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
decime (masculine singular vocative)
decima (feminine singular vocative)
decimum (neuter singular vocative)
decimī (masculine plural vocative)
decimae (feminine plural vocative)
decima (neuter plural vocative)

Gallo-Romance:

Old Catalan: deume

Catalan: delme

Old French: disme, dixme

Middle French: disme (⟨is⟩ /iː/)

French: dîme

→ English: dime

Ibero-Romance:

Asturian: diezmu

Portuguese: dízimo

Spanish: diezmo

Italo-Dalmatian:

Dalmatian: dicto

Italian: decimo

→ Sardinian: décimu

Sicilian: dècimu

Rhaeto-Romance:

Friulian: diesim

Borrowings:

→ Asturian: décimu

→ Catalan: dècim

→ English: deci-

→ French: décime

→ Portuguese: décimo

→ Russian: деци- (deci-)

→ Spanish: décimo

[ˈd̪ɛkɪmʊs̠]

From Proto-Italic *dekemos, from *dekem (“ten”), from Proto-Indo-European *déḱm̥. Related to decem.

tenth; the ordinal number after nonus and before undecimus


unum

inflection of ūnus:
nominative neuter singular

inflection of ūnus:
accusative masculine/neuter singular


centum

Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: tsendu, tsentu

→ Albanian: qind

Italo-Romance:

Corsican: centu

Gallurese: centu

Italian: cento

→? Dalmatian: ciant

Neapolitan: ciènto

Tarantino: cinde

Sassarese: zentu

Sicilian: centu

North Italian:

Friulian: cent

Istriot: sento

Ligurian: çento

Piedmontese: sent

Romansch: tschient

Venetian: sento, zsento

Gallo-Romance:

Franco-Provençal: cent

Old French: cent (see there for further descendants)

Old Northern French: chent

Norman: chent

Occitano-Gallo-Romance:

Catalan: cent

Occitan: cent

Ibero-Romance:

Asturian: cien, cientu

Mirandese: cient, ciento

Old Galician-Portuguese: cento

Galician: cento

Portuguese: cento

Spanish: ciento (see there for further descendants)

Insular Romance:

desc

Sardinian: chentu (Logudorese), centu (Campidanese)

→ Belarusian: цэнт (cent)

→ Bulgarian: цент (cent)

→ Central Melanau: sin

→ Czech: cent

→ English: centum

→ Esperanto: cent, cendo

→ Estonian: sent
→ English: sent

→ Finnish: sentti

→ German: Cent

→ Greek: σεντ (sent)

→ Icelandic: sent

→ Interlingua: cento

→ Latvian: cents

→ Lithuanian: centas

→ Macedonian: цент (cent)

→ Malay: sen

→ Romanian: cent

desctree

→ Russian: цент (cent)
→ Armenian: ցենտ (cʻent)
→ Georgian: ცენტი (cenṭi)

→ Slovak: cent

→ Slovene: cent

→ Ukrainian: цент (cent)

→ West Coast Bajau: sin

[ˈkɛn̪t̪ʊ̃ˑ]

From Proto-Italic *kentom, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱm̥tóm. Formal cognates include Sanskrit शत (śata), Old Church Slavonic съто (sŭto), and Old English hund (whence English hundred, with an attached suffix).

Simul ipsa precatur Oceanumque patrem rerum Nymphasque sorores centum quae silvas, centum quae flumina servant.

c. 37 BCE – 30 BCE, Virgil, Georgics 4.381

Together she entreats father Ocean, and the sister-nymphs who guard a hundred forests and a hundred streams.


quarto

dative/ablative masculine/neuter singular of quārtus


uni

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

nonlemma

inflection of ūnus:
nominative/vocative masculine plural


quinto

dative/ablative masculine/neuter singular of quīntus


nono

dative/ablative masculine/neuter singular of nōnus


secundus

secunda (feminine)
secundum (neuter)
secundus (masculine nominative singular)
secunda (feminine nominative singular)
secundum (neuter nominative singular)
secundī (masculine nominative plural)
secundae (feminine nominative plural)
secunda (neuter nominative plural)
secundī (genitive masculine singular)
secundae (feminine genitive singular)
secundī (genitive neuter singular)
secundōrum (genitive masculine plural)
secundārum (feminine genitive plural)
secundōrum (genitive neuter plural)
secundō (dative masculine singular)
secundae (dative feminine singular)
secundō (dative neuter singular)
secundīs (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
secundum (accusative masculine singular)
secundam (accusative feminine singular)
secundum (accusative neuter singular)
secundōs (accusative masculine plural)
secundās (accusative feminine plural)
secunda (accusative neuter plural)
secundō (ablative masculine singular)
secundā (ablative feminine singular)
secundō (ablative neuter singular)
secundīs (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
secunde (masculine singular vocative)
secunda (feminine singular vocative)
secundum (neuter singular vocative)
secundī (masculine plural vocative)
secundae (feminine plural vocative)
secunda (neuter plural vocative)

→ Albanian: sekondë

Catalan: segon, segó

→ English: second

French: second, son

Galician: segundo

Italian: secondo

Ladin: segondo

Old Occitan: segon
Occitan: segon

Portuguese: segundo

Romanian: secund

Scots: seicont

Spanish: segundo

→ Võro: sekond

[s̠ɛˈkʊn̪d̪ʊs̠]

From Proto-Italic *sekʷondo- (literally “that follows”); equivalent to sequor (“to follow”) + -undus. The positive meanings "favourable, fair" come from the notion of the wind or current following you from behind.

inh

second, the ordinal number after prīmus (“first”) and before tertius (“third”)


sextus

sexta (feminine)
sextum (neuter)
sextus (masculine nominative singular)
sexta (feminine nominative singular)
sextum (neuter nominative singular)
sextī (masculine nominative plural)
sextae (feminine nominative plural)
sexta (neuter nominative plural)
sextī (genitive masculine singular)
sextae (feminine genitive singular)
sextī (genitive neuter singular)
sextōrum (genitive masculine plural)
sextārum (feminine genitive plural)
sextōrum (genitive neuter plural)
sextō (dative masculine singular)
sextae (dative feminine singular)
sextō (dative neuter singular)
sextīs (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
sextum (accusative masculine singular)
sextam (accusative feminine singular)
sextum (accusative neuter singular)
sextōs (accusative masculine plural)
sextās (accusative feminine plural)
sexta (accusative neuter plural)
sextō (ablative masculine singular)
sextā (ablative feminine singular)
sextō (ablative neuter singular)
sextīs (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
sexte (masculine singular vocative)
sexta (feminine singular vocative)
sextum (neuter singular vocative)
sextī (masculine plural vocative)
sextae (feminine plural vocative)
sexta (neuter plural vocative)

→ English: sexto, sextate

Catalan: sesta

Galician: sesta

Italian: sesto

Old French: siste

Portuguese: sexto, sesta

Sicilian: sestu

Spanish: sexto, sesma, siesta

[ˈs̠ɛks̠t̪ʊs̠]


quartus

quārtus (canonical)
quārta (feminine)
quārtum (neuter)
quārtus (masculine nominative singular)
quārta (feminine nominative singular)
quārtum (neuter nominative singular)
quārtī (masculine nominative plural)
quārtae (feminine nominative plural)
quārta (neuter nominative plural)
quārtī (genitive masculine singular)
quārtae (feminine genitive singular)
quārtī (genitive neuter singular)
quārtōrum (genitive masculine plural)
quārtārum (feminine genitive plural)
quārtōrum (genitive neuter plural)
quārtō (dative masculine singular)
quārtae (dative feminine singular)
quārtō (dative neuter singular)
quārtīs (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
quārtum (accusative masculine singular)
quārtam (accusative feminine singular)
quārtum (accusative neuter singular)
quārtōs (accusative masculine plural)
quārtās (accusative feminine plural)
quārta (accusative neuter plural)
quārtō (ablative masculine singular)
quārtā (ablative feminine singular)
quārtō (ablative neuter singular)
quārtīs (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
quārte (masculine singular vocative)
quārta (feminine singular vocative)
quārtum (neuter singular vocative)
quārtī (masculine plural vocative)
quārtae (feminine plural vocative)
quārta (neuter plural vocative)

Asturian: cuartu

Catalan: quart

Dutch: kwart

English: quart, quarto

→ Esperanto: kvar

French: quart

Galician: carto, cuarto

Italian: quarto

Portuguese: quarto

Sicilian: quartu

Spanish: cuarto

Swedish: kvart

[ˈkʷäːrt̪ʊs̠]

From Proto-Indo-European *kʷeturtos ~ *kʷetwr̥tos (whence Ancient Greek τέταρτος (tétartos), Sanskrit चतुर्थ (caturtha), Proto-Balto-Slavic *ketwirtas and Proto-Germanic *fedurþô), from *kʷetwóres (“four”). Cognate to quadrus (“square”), from sense “four-sided”. For the phonetic development, De Vaan cites Schrijder positing *kʷtwr̥to- > (with voicing of t) *kʷdwr̥to- > *kʷadworto-, followed by dw > w (cf. suāvis). The resulting *kʷawortos would regularly become quārtus (cf. Māvors > Mārs).

der

fourth, the ordinal number after tertius and before quintus


tertius

tertia (feminine)
tertium (neuter)
tertius (masculine nominative singular)
tertia (feminine nominative singular)
tertium (neuter nominative singular)
tertiī (masculine nominative plural)
tertiae (feminine nominative plural)
tertia (neuter nominative plural)
tertiī (genitive masculine singular)
tertiae (feminine genitive singular)
tertiī (genitive neuter singular)
tertiōrum (genitive masculine plural)
tertiārum (feminine genitive plural)
tertiōrum (genitive neuter plural)
tertiō (dative masculine singular)
tertiae (dative feminine singular)
tertiō (dative neuter singular)
tertiīs (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
tertium (accusative masculine singular)
tertiam (accusative feminine singular)
tertium (accusative neuter singular)
tertiōs (accusative masculine plural)
tertiās (accusative feminine plural)
tertia (accusative neuter plural)
tertiō (ablative masculine singular)
tertiā (ablative feminine singular)
tertiō (ablative neuter singular)
tertiīs (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
tertie (masculine singular vocative)
tertia (feminine singular vocative)
tertium (neuter singular vocative)
tertiī (masculine plural vocative)
tertiae (feminine plural vocative)
tertia (neuter plural vocative)

English: tertial

French: tiers

Galician: terzo

Italian: terzo

Ladin: terz

Piedmontese: ters

Portuguese: terço, tércio

Romanian: terț, terțiu

Sicilian: terzu, tezzu

Spanish: tercio

Venetian: terso, terço

From Proto-Indo-European *tr̥tyós ~ *tritós, ordinal form of *tréyes. Akin to Ancient Greek τρίτος (trítos), Proto-Germanic *þridjô and Proto-Slavic *tretь.

For quotations using this term, see Citations:tertius.

third, the ordinal number after secundus (“second”) and before quārtus (“fourth”)


quintus

quīntus (canonical)
quīnta (feminine)
quīntum (neuter)
quīntus (masculine nominative singular)
quīnta (feminine nominative singular)
quīntum (neuter nominative singular)
quīntī (masculine nominative plural)
quīntae (feminine nominative plural)
quīnta (neuter nominative plural)
quīntī (genitive masculine singular)
quīntae (feminine genitive singular)
quīntī (genitive neuter singular)
quīntōrum (genitive masculine plural)
quīntārum (feminine genitive plural)
quīntōrum (genitive neuter plural)
quīntō (dative masculine singular)
quīntae (dative feminine singular)
quīntō (dative neuter singular)
quīntīs (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
quīntum (accusative masculine singular)
quīntam (accusative feminine singular)
quīntum (accusative neuter singular)
quīntōs (accusative masculine plural)
quīntās (accusative feminine plural)
quīnta (accusative neuter plural)
quīntō (ablative masculine singular)
quīntā (ablative feminine singular)
quīntō (ablative neuter singular)
quīntīs (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
quīnte (masculine singular vocative)
quīnta (feminine singular vocative)
quīntum (neuter singular vocative)
quīntī (masculine plural vocative)
quīntae (feminine plural vocative)
quīnta (neuter plural vocative)

Asturian: quintu

Catalan: quint

Dalmatian: cincto

Dutch: kwint

Friulian: cuint

Galician: quinto

Italian: quinto

Ladin: cuinto

Old French: quint, quinte

Middle French: quint

French: quint

→ English: quint

Old Occitan: quint

Occitan: quint

Portuguese: quinto

Sardinian: quíntu

Spanish: quinto

→ English: quintate

[ˈkʷiːn̪t̪ʊs̠]

Earlier quīnctus, from Proto-Italic *kʷenktos, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *pénkʷtos (“fifth”), from *pénkʷe (“five”) + *-tós; equivalent to quīnque (“five”) + -tus. Compare Ancient Greek πέμπτος (pémptos), Proto-Germanic *fimftô, Proto-Balto-Slavic *pénktas.

fifth, the ordinal number after quartus and before sextus


octavus

octāvus (canonical)
octāva (feminine)
octāvum (neuter)
octāvus (masculine nominative singular)
octāva (feminine nominative singular)
octāvum (neuter nominative singular)
octāvī (masculine nominative plural)
octāvae (feminine nominative plural)
octāva (neuter nominative plural)
octāvī (genitive masculine singular)
octāvae (feminine genitive singular)
octāvī (genitive neuter singular)
octāvōrum (genitive masculine plural)
octāvārum (feminine genitive plural)
octāvōrum (genitive neuter plural)
octāvō (dative masculine singular)
octāvae (dative feminine singular)
octāvō (dative neuter singular)
octāvīs (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
octāvum (accusative masculine singular)
octāvam (accusative feminine singular)
octāvum (accusative neuter singular)
octāvōs (accusative masculine plural)
octāvās (accusative feminine plural)
octāva (accusative neuter plural)
octāvō (ablative masculine singular)
octāvā (ablative feminine singular)
octāvō (ablative neuter singular)
octāvīs (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
octāve (masculine singular vocative)
octāva (feminine singular vocative)
octāvum (neuter singular vocative)
octāvī (masculine plural vocative)
octāvae (feminine plural vocative)
octāva (neuter plural vocative)

→ Asturian: octavu

→ English: octave

→ French: octave
→ Turkish: oktav

Friulian: otâf

Galician: oitavo

Italian: ottavo

Piedmontese: otav

Portuguese: oitavo, oitava

Spanish: ochavo, ochava, octavo

[ɔkˈt̪äːu̯ʊs̠]

From Proto-Italic *oktāwos, from Proto-Indo-European *oḱtṓwos, from *oḱtṓw, whence octō (“eight”).

eighth; the ordinal number between septimus and nōnus.


septimus

septima (feminine)
septimum (neuter)
septimus (masculine nominative singular)
septima (feminine nominative singular)
septimum (neuter nominative singular)
septimī (masculine nominative plural)
septimae (feminine nominative plural)
septima (neuter nominative plural)
septimī (genitive masculine singular)
septimae (feminine genitive singular)
septimī (genitive neuter singular)
septimōrum (genitive masculine plural)
septimārum (feminine genitive plural)
septimōrum (genitive neuter plural)
septimō (dative masculine singular)
septimae (dative feminine singular)
septimō (dative neuter singular)
septimīs (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
septimum (accusative masculine singular)
septimam (accusative feminine singular)
septimum (accusative neuter singular)
septimōs (accusative masculine plural)
septimās (accusative feminine plural)
septima (accusative neuter plural)
septimō (ablative masculine singular)
septimā (ablative feminine singular)
septimō (ablative neuter singular)
septimīs (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
septime (masculine singular vocative)
septima (feminine singular vocative)
septimum (neuter singular vocative)
septimī (masculine plural vocative)
septimae (feminine plural vocative)
septima (neuter plural vocative)

Old French: setme

Italian: settimo

Old Spanish: sietmo

Sicilian: sèttimu

→ Catalan: sèptim

desc

→ English: septimate, septimation, septime

→ French: septime

→ Galician: sétimo

→ Portuguese: sétimo

→ Spanish: séptimo, sétimo

[ˈs̠ɛpt̪ɪmʊs̠]

From Proto-Italic *septemos, from Proto-Indo-European *septmós. By surface analysis, septem (“seven”) + -us.
Cognates include Old Church Slavonic седмъ (sedmŭ) (< *sebdmъ < *septmъ) and the proper name Septimius, from a modification of Septimus.


novenus

novēnus (canonical)
novēna (feminine)
novēnum (neuter)
novēnus (masculine nominative singular)
novēna (feminine nominative singular)
novēnum (neuter nominative singular)
novēnī (masculine nominative plural)
novēnae (feminine nominative plural)
novēna (neuter nominative plural)
novēnī (genitive masculine singular)
novēnae (feminine genitive singular)
novēnī (genitive neuter singular)
novēnum (genitive masculine plural)
novēnōrum (genitive masculine plural)
novēnum (feminine genitive plural)
novēnārum (feminine genitive plural)
novēnum (genitive neuter plural)
novēnōrum (genitive neuter plural)
novēnō (dative masculine singular)
novēnae (dative feminine singular)
novēnō (dative neuter singular)
novēnīs (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
novēnum (accusative masculine singular)
novēnam (accusative feminine singular)
novēnum (accusative neuter singular)
novēnōs (accusative masculine plural)
novēnās (accusative feminine plural)
novēna (accusative neuter plural)
novēnō (ablative masculine singular)
novēnā (ablative feminine singular)
novēnō (ablative neuter singular)
novēnīs (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
novēne (masculine singular vocative)
novēna (feminine singular vocative)
novēnum (neuter singular vocative)
novēnī (masculine plural vocative)
novēnae (feminine plural vocative)
novēna (neuter plural vocative)

Asturian: novenu

Catalan: novè, nové

Portuguese: noveno

Sicilian: nuvenu, nuvena

Spanish: noveno

Old Piedmontese: noven

Probably from earlier *nowensnos, equivalent to novem + -nus.

Sed veteres maximae quaeque gallinae vernaculi generis eligantur, eaeque novem diebus a primo lunae incremento novenis ovis incubent

4 CE – c. 70 CE, Columella, De Re Rustica 8.11.11.4

But the oldest and largest hens of the common type should be chosen, and should incubate nine eggs each nine days after the moon first starts to wax

Laudibus angelicus quem succinit ordo novenus

We praise you to whom the ninefold angelic order sing with praises

terminato anno octavo, inchoanteque noveno

c. 1460, Registrum abbatiae Johannis Whethamstede, 1 357

with the eighth year ended, and the ninth beginning


una

nominative/vocative feminine singular of ūnus


bina

inflection of bīnus:
nominative/vocative feminine singular


mille

mīlle (canonical)
semi-indeclinable numeral (canonical)
mīlle (genitive)
mīlle (feminine masculine neuter nominative)
mīlia (feminine masculine neuter nominative)
mīllia (feminine masculine neuter nominative)
mīlle (feminine genitive masculine neuter)
mīlium (feminine genitive masculine neuter)
mīllium (feminine genitive masculine neuter)
mīlle (dative feminine masculine neuter)
mīlibus (dative feminine masculine neuter)
mīllibus (dative feminine masculine neuter)
mīlle (accusative feminine masculine neuter)
mīlia (accusative feminine masculine neuter)
mīllia (accusative feminine masculine neuter)
mīlle (ablative feminine masculine neuter)
mīlibus (ablative feminine masculine neuter)
mīllibus (ablative feminine masculine neuter)
mīlle (feminine masculine neuter vocative)
mīlia (feminine masculine neuter vocative)
mīllia (feminine masculine neuter vocative)

Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: njilje

Romanian: mie

→ Albanian: mijë

Dalmatian:

mel

Italo-Romance:

Corsican: mille

Italian: mille ⇒ milione (see there for further descendants)

Sicilian: milli, miḍḍi

North Italian:

Friulian: mil

Romagnol: mèl, mĕl (Cesena), mẹll (San Marino)

Romansch: milli

Gallo-Romance:

desctree

Old French: mile, mil
Middle French: mille, mil, mile
French: mille (see there for further descendants)
Norman: mille (Jersey)

Occitano-Romance:

Catalan: mil

Occitan: mila, mil

Ibero-Romance:

Aragonese: mil

Asturian: mil

Galician: mil

Mirandese: mil

Portuguese: mil
→ Kadiwéu: miili

Old Spanish: mil, mill

Spanish: mil (see there for further descendants)

Insular Romance:

Sardinian: mila, milli

Ancient borrowings:

→ Basque: mila

→ Old Irish: míle
Middle Irish: míle
Irish: míle
Manx: milley
Scottish Gaelic: mìle

→ Proto-Brythonic: *mil (see there for further descendants)

→ Proto-West Germanic: *mīliju (see there for further descendants)

From Proto-Italic *smīɣeslī, from earlier *smih₂ǵʰéslih₂, from Proto-Indo-European *sm̥- (“one”) + *-ih₂ (feminine suffix) + *ǵʰés-lo- (“heap”) + *-ih₂. Compare Ancient Greek χίλιοι (khílioi), Persian هزار (hezâr), and Sanskrit सहस्र (sahásra).

Mīlle hominum rīsit, or, mīlle hominēs rīsērunt or, less preferrably, mīlle hominum rīsērunt.

Duo mīlia ovium tōnsa sunt.

Lūcīlius autem . . .Tū mīllī nummum potes ūnō quaerere centum'mīllī passum' dīxit prō 'mīlle passibus' et 'ūnō mīllī nummum' prō 'ūnīs mīlle nummīs', apertēque ostendit 'mīlle' et vocābulum esse et singulārī numerō dīci eiusque plūrātivum esse 'mīlia' et cāsum etiam capere ablātīvum

c. 177 CE, Aulus Gellius, Noctes Atticae 1.16.13

While Lucilius wrote . . .With a thousand sesterces you can get a hundred thousand.milli passum instead of mille passibus and uno milli nummum for unis mille nummis, thus showing clearly that mille is a noun, used in the singular number, that its plural is milia, and that it even forms an ablative case.

nōn mīlle, nōn duo, nec tria mīlia, sed ad ūnās ūnius agrī decumās trīticī modium trīgintā voluisse addere

was prepared to pay not a thousand, not two, not three thousand, but thirty thousand pecks of wheat above the going price for the individual tithes of one single district

Chalcide cum Attalō et quattuor mīlibus peditum, mīlle equitum ad cōnsulem vēnit.

27 BCE – 25 BCE, Titus Livius, Ab Urbe Condita 42.55

A thousand horsemen came to the consul from Chalkis, accompanied by Attalus and by four thousand foot soldiers.

et tergum mīlle equitēs tuēbantur

and a thousand horsemen were guarding the rear

Dominus autem benedīxit novissimīs Iob magis quam prīncipiō eius, et facta sunt ei quattuordecim mīlia ovium, et sex mīlia camēlōrum, et mīlle iuga boum, et mīlle asinae

Moreover, God blessed Job's last days more than at the beginning, as 14000 sheep were made, and 6000 camels, and a thousand yoke of oxen, and a thousand female donkeys.


octavo

dative/ablative masculine/neuter singular of octāvus


noveno

dative/ablative masculine/neuter singular of novēnus


sexto

dative/ablative masculine/neuter singular of sextus


prima

inflection of prīmus:
nominative/vocative feminine singular


prima

prīmā lūce


quino

dative/ablative masculine/neuter singular of quīnus


quinta

inflection of quīntus:
nominative/vocative feminine singular


terni

inflection of ternus:
nominative/vocative masculine plural

inflection of ternus:
genitive masculine/neuter singular


septuaginta

Dalmatian:

setuonta

Italo-Romance:

Italian: settanta

Sicilian: sittanta

North Italian:

Friulian: setante

Ladin: setanta

desc

Romansch: settanta, siatonta, satànta, settaunta

Venetian: setanta

Gallo-Romance:

Old French: setante

French: septante (regional; /p/ from Latin influence)

→ Walloon: septante

Occitano-Romance:

Catalan: setanta

Occitan: setanta

Ibero-Romance:

Asturian: setenta

Old Galician-Portuguese: setaenta

Galician: setenta

Portuguese: setenta

Old Spanish: setaenta

Spanish: setenta

Insular Romance:

Sardinian: setanta

Borrowings:

→ English: Septuagint, septuagint

[s̠ɛpt̪uäːˈɡɪn̪t̪äː]

From earlier *septmāginta, from Proto-Indo-European *septm̥̄ḱomt, from earlier *septḿ̥-dḱomt (“seven-ten”). Cognate with septem and Ancient Greek ἑβδομήκοντα (hebdomḗkonta).


quarta

inflection of quārtus:
nominative/vocative feminine singular


secundo

[s̠ɛˈkʊn̪d̪oː]

dative/ablative masculine/neuter singular of secundus


seni

inflection of sēnus:
nominative/vocative masculine plural

inflection of sēnus:
genitive masculine/neuter singular


seno

dative/ablative masculine/neuter singular of sēnus


undecim

Dalmatian:

jonco

Italo-Romance:

desc

Corsican: ondeci, ondici, undeci, undici

Italian: undici

Sicilian: ùnnici

Padanian:

Friulian: undis

Istriot: ondaze

Ladin: undesc

Lombard: undes, vundes

Piedmontese: óndes

Romansch: indesch

Venetian: undexe

Gallo-Romance:

Franco-Provençal: onze

French: onze

Walloon: onze

Occitano-Romance:

Aragonese: once

Catalan: onze

Old Occitan: onze:

→? Piedmontese: onze

→? Ligurian: onze

Ibero-Romance:

Asturian: once

Galician: once

Mirandese: onze

Portuguese: onze

Spanish: once

Insular Romance:

Sardinian: undighi

[ˈuːn̪d̪ɛkɪ̃ˑ]

From earlier *oinodecem, from Proto-Indo-European *óynom déḱm̥t, corresponding to ūnus (“one”) + decem (“ten”).

ubi et ipse Cn. Fuluius cum undecim tribunis militum cecidit

27 BCE – 25 BCE, Titus Livius, Ab Urbe Condita 27

It was here that Cn. Fulvius fell together with eleven military tribunes.

stans autem Petrus cum undecim levavit vocem suam et locutus est eis viri iudaei et qui habitatis Hierusalem universi hoc vobis notum sit et auribus percipite verba mea

405 CE, Jerome, Vulgate Actus Apostolorum.2.22

But Peter, standing up with the eleven, lifted up his voice, and said unto them, Ye men of Judaea, and all ye that dwell at Jerusalem, be this known unto you, and hearken to my words:


duodecim

Dalmatian:

dotco

Italo-Romance:

Corsican: dodeci, dodici

Italian: dodici

Sicilian: dùdici

North Italian:

Emilian: dodes

Friulian: dodis

Ladin: dodesc

Ligurian: doze

Old Lombard: dodex

Lombard: dudes

→ Piedmontese: dódes

Piedmontese: doze, dodze

Romansch: dudesch

Venetian: dodexe

Gallo-Romance:

Franco-Provençal: doze

Old French: doze

French: douze

Norman: douze

Walloon: doze

Occitano-Romance:

Catalan: dotze

Old Catalan: doze

Occitan: dotze

Ibero-Romance:

Aragonese: dotze

Asturian: doce

Mirandese: duoze

Old Galician-Portuguese: doze

Galician: doce

Portuguese: doze

Old Spanish: doze, dodze

Ladino: dodje

Spanish: doce (see there for further descendants)

Insular Romance:

Sardinian: doighi

[d̪uˈɔd̪ɛkɪ̃ˑ]

Atque omnium primum ad cursus lunae in duodecim menses discribit annum

27 BCE – 25 BCE, Titus Livius, Ab Urbe Condita 1.19

First of all he divided the year into twelve months, corresponding to the moon's revolutions

Thomas autem unus ex duodecim qui dicitur Didymus non erat cum eis quando venit Iesus

But Thomas, one of the twelve, called Didymus, was not with them when Jesus came.


milium

[ˈmiːlʲiʊ̃ˑ]

genitive plural of mīlle (“thousand; 1000”)


sexagesimum

[s̠ɛks̠äːˈɡeːs̠ɪmʊ̃ˑ]

inflection of sexāgēsimus:
accusative masculine/neuter singular

inflection of sexāgēsimus:
neuter singular


sexagesima

[s̠ɛks̠äːˈɡeːs̠ɪmä]

[seɡzäˈd͡ʒɛːs̬imä]

inflection of sexāgēsimus:
feminine singular

inflection of sexāgēsimus:
neuter plural

inflection of sexāgēsimus:
accusative neuter plural


sexagesima

[s̠ɛks̠äːˈɡeːs̠ɪmä]

[seɡzäˈd͡ʒɛːs̬imä]

ablative feminine singular of sexāgēsimus


sexagesimus

sexāgēsimus (canonical)
sexāgēsima (feminine)
sexāgēsimum (neuter)
sexāgēsimus (masculine nominative singular)
sexāgēsima (feminine nominative singular)
sexāgēsimum (neuter nominative singular)
sexāgēsimī (masculine nominative plural)
sexāgēsimae (feminine nominative plural)
sexāgēsima (neuter nominative plural)
sexāgēsimī (genitive masculine singular)
sexāgēsimae (feminine genitive singular)
sexāgēsimī (genitive neuter singular)
sexāgēsimōrum (genitive masculine plural)
sexāgēsimārum (feminine genitive plural)
sexāgēsimōrum (genitive neuter plural)
sexāgēsimō (dative masculine singular)
sexāgēsimae (dative feminine singular)
sexāgēsimō (dative neuter singular)
sexāgēsimīs (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
sexāgēsimum (accusative masculine singular)
sexāgēsimam (accusative feminine singular)
sexāgēsimum (accusative neuter singular)
sexāgēsimōs (accusative masculine plural)
sexāgēsimās (accusative feminine plural)
sexāgēsima (accusative neuter plural)
sexāgēsimō (ablative masculine singular)
sexāgēsimā (ablative feminine singular)
sexāgēsimō (ablative neuter singular)
sexāgēsimīs (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
sexāgēsime (masculine singular vocative)
sexāgēsima (feminine singular vocative)
sexāgēsimum (neuter singular vocative)
sexāgēsimī (masculine plural vocative)
sexāgēsimae (feminine plural vocative)
sexāgēsima (neuter plural vocative)

English: Sexagisma, sexagisme, sexagesm

[s̠ɛks̠äːˈɡeːs̠ɪmʊs̠]

From sexāgintā (“sixty”) + -ēsimus (“-th”).


bini

inflection of bīnus:
nominative/vocative masculine plural

inflection of bīnus:
genitive masculine/neuter singular


sena

inflection of sēnus:
nominative/vocative feminine singular


unis

dative/ablative masculine/feminine/neuter plural of ūnus


primi

inflection of prīmus:
nominative/vocative masculine plural

inflection of prīmus:
genitive masculine/neuter singular


trina

inflection of trīnus:
nominative/vocative feminine singular


trino

dative/ablative masculine/neuter singular of trīnus


vinti

Mater nomen eram mater non lege futura / quinque etenim solos annos vixisse fatebor / et menses septem diebus cum vinti duobus.

2nd c. CE, Epitaph of Geminia Agathe Mater (CIL 6.19007)

My name was Mater, [but I was] never destined to be a 'mater' (mother) by law, as I lived a mere five years, seven months, and twenty-two days.


terna

inflection of ternus:
nominative/vocative feminine singular


duas

Dixit duas res ei rubori fuisse.

He said that two things had abashed him.


totidem

† Turned conjunction with original meaning somewhat dissimulated° Rare‡only used as a conjunction


decimi

inflection of decimus:
nominative/vocative masculine plural

inflection of decimus:
genitive masculine/neuter singular


quinti

inflection of quīntus:
nominative/vocative masculine plural

inflection of quīntus:
genitive masculine/neuter singular


terno

dative/ablative masculine/neuter singular of ternus


tripli

inflection of triplus:
nominative/vocative masculine plural

inflection of triplus:
genitive masculine/neuter singular


triplo

dative/ablative masculine/neuter singular of triplus


tripla

inflection of triplus:
nominative/vocative feminine singular


centesime

vocative masculine singular of centēsimus


quarti

inflection of quārtus:
nominative/vocative masculine plural

inflection of quārtus:
genitive masculine/neuter singular


centesimi

inflection of centēsimus:
nominative/vocative masculine plural

inflection of centēsimus:
genitive masculine/neuter singular


centesima

[kɛn̪ˈt̪eːs̠ɪmä]

[t͡ʃen̪ˈt̪ɛːs̬imä]

inflection of centēsimus:
nominative/vocative feminine singular


centesima

[kɛn̪ˈt̪eːs̠ɪmä]

[t͡ʃen̪ˈt̪ɛːs̬imä]

ablative feminine singular of centēsimus


centesimo

dative/ablative masculine/neuter singular of centēsimus


triplici

dative/ablative masculine/feminine/neuter singular of triplex


deni

inflection of dēnus:
nominative/vocative masculine plural

inflection of dēnus:
genitive masculine/neuter singular


denis

dative/ablative masculine/feminine/neuter plural of dēnus


octavos

[ɔkˈt̪äːu̯oːs̠]


primum

inflection of prīmus:
accusative masculine singular


duodecimus

duodecima (feminine)
duodecimum (neuter)
duodecimus (masculine nominative singular)
duodecima (feminine nominative singular)
duodecimum (neuter nominative singular)
duodecimī (masculine nominative plural)
duodecimae (feminine nominative plural)
duodecima (neuter nominative plural)
duodecimī (genitive masculine singular)
duodecimae (feminine genitive singular)
duodecimī (genitive neuter singular)
duodecimōrum (genitive masculine plural)
duodecimārum (feminine genitive plural)
duodecimōrum (genitive neuter plural)
duodecimō (dative masculine singular)
duodecimae (dative feminine singular)
duodecimō (dative neuter singular)
duodecimīs (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
duodecimum (accusative masculine singular)
duodecimam (accusative feminine singular)
duodecimum (accusative neuter singular)
duodecimōs (accusative masculine plural)
duodecimās (accusative feminine plural)
duodecima (accusative neuter plural)
duodecimō (ablative masculine singular)
duodecimā (ablative feminine singular)
duodecimō (ablative neuter singular)
duodecimīs (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
duodecime (masculine singular vocative)
duodecima (feminine singular vocative)
duodecimum (neuter singular vocative)
duodecimī (masculine plural vocative)
duodecimae (feminine plural vocative)
duodecima (neuter plural vocative)

English: duodecimate

[d̪uɔˈd̪ɛkɪmʊs̠]


undecimus

ūndecimus (canonical)
ūndecima (feminine)
ūndecimum (neuter)
ūndecimus (masculine nominative singular)
ūndecima (feminine nominative singular)
ūndecimum (neuter nominative singular)
ūndecimī (masculine nominative plural)
ūndecimae (feminine nominative plural)
ūndecima (neuter nominative plural)
ūndecimī (genitive masculine singular)
ūndecimae (feminine genitive singular)
ūndecimī (genitive neuter singular)
ūndecimōrum (genitive masculine plural)
ūndecimārum (feminine genitive plural)
ūndecimōrum (genitive neuter plural)
ūndecimō (dative masculine singular)
ūndecimae (dative feminine singular)
ūndecimō (dative neuter singular)
ūndecimīs (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
ūndecimum (accusative masculine singular)
ūndecimam (accusative feminine singular)
ūndecimum (accusative neuter singular)
ūndecimōs (accusative masculine plural)
ūndecimās (accusative feminine plural)
ūndecima (accusative neuter plural)
ūndecimō (ablative masculine singular)
ūndecimā (ablative feminine singular)
ūndecimō (ablative neuter singular)
ūndecimīs (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
ūndecime (masculine singular vocative)
ūndecima (feminine singular vocative)
ūndecimum (neuter singular vocative)
ūndecimī (masculine plural vocative)
ūndecimae (feminine plural vocative)
ūndecima (neuter plural vocative)

[uːn̪ˈd̪ɛkɪmʊs̠]

et iam stellarum sublime coegerat agmen Lucifer undecimus.

and now the stars were driven away by the eleventh dawn.


nonus

nōnus (canonical)
nōna (feminine)
nōnum (neuter)
nōnus (masculine nominative singular)
nōna (feminine nominative singular)
nōnum (neuter nominative singular)
nōnī (masculine nominative plural)
nōnae (feminine nominative plural)
nōna (neuter nominative plural)
nōnī (genitive masculine singular)
nōnae (feminine genitive singular)
nōnī (genitive neuter singular)
nōnōrum (genitive masculine plural)
nōnārum (feminine genitive plural)
nōnōrum (genitive neuter plural)
nōnō (dative masculine singular)
nōnae (dative feminine singular)
nōnō (dative neuter singular)
nōnīs (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
nōnum (accusative masculine singular)
nōnam (accusative feminine singular)
nōnum (accusative neuter singular)
nōnōs (accusative masculine plural)
nōnās (accusative feminine plural)
nōna (accusative neuter plural)
nōnō (ablative masculine singular)
nōnā (ablative feminine singular)
nōnō (ablative neuter singular)
nōnīs (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
nōne (masculine singular vocative)
nōna (feminine singular vocative)
nōnum (neuter singular vocative)
nōnī (masculine plural vocative)
nōnae (feminine plural vocative)
nōna (neuter plural vocative)

Dutch: noen

English: noon

German: Non f

Icelandic: nón

Irish: nóin

Italian: nono

Portuguese: nono

Spanish: nono

Welsh: nawn

From earlier *novenos (expected *nūnus was adapted to novem), from novem (“nine”).

Terra nōna.


duodecimos

accusative masculine plural of duodecimus


senis

dative/ablative masculine/feminine/neuter plural of sēnus


noni

inflection of nōnus:
nominative/vocative masculine plural

inflection of nōnus:
genitive masculine/neuter singular


secundum

[s̠ɛˈkʊn̪d̪ʊ̃ˑ]

inflection of secundus:
accusative masculine singular


ducenti

ducentī (canonical)
ducentae (feminine)
ducenta (neuter)
ducentī (masculine nominative plural)
ducentae (feminine nominative plural)
ducenta (neuter nominative plural)
ducentōrum (genitive masculine plural)
ducentārum (feminine genitive plural)
ducentōrum (genitive neuter plural)
ducentīs (dative plural)
ducentōs (accusative masculine plural)
ducentās (accusative feminine plural)
ducenta (accusative neuter plural)
ducentīs (ablative plural)
ducentī (masculine plural vocative)
ducentae (feminine plural vocative)
ducenta (neuter plural vocative)

Direct reflexes:

Friulian: duzinte

Italian: dugento (regional)

Old Catalan: doents

Old Spanish: dozientos

Portuguese: duzentos

Sardinian: duchentos (Nuorese), dughentos (Logudorese), duxentus (Campidanese)

Later formations ('two' + 'hundred'):

Catalan: dos-cents

French: deux cents

Italian: duecento

Occitan: dos cents

Spanish: doscientos

Borrowings:

→ Esperanto: ducent

[d̪ʊˈkɛn̪t̪iː]


quadrino

dative/ablative masculine/neuter singular of quadrīnus


tribus

dative/ablative masculine/feminine/neuter of trēs


duodeni

inflection of duodēnus:
nominative/vocative masculine plural

inflection of duodēnus:
genitive masculine/neuter singular


decena

inflection of decēnus:
nominative/vocative feminine singular


centeno

dative/ablative masculine/neuter singular of centēnus


unius

genitive masculine/feminine/neuter singular of ūnus


unorum

[uːˈnoːrʊ̃ˑ]

genitive masculine/neuter plural of ūnus


oinos

Latin: ūnus (see there for further descendants)

From Proto-Italic *oinos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁óynos.


nongenti

nōngentī (canonical)
nōngentae (feminine)
nōngenta (neuter)
nōngentī (masculine nominative plural)
nōngentae (feminine nominative plural)
nōngenta (neuter nominative plural)
nōngentōrum (genitive masculine plural)
nōngentārum (feminine genitive plural)
nōngentōrum (genitive neuter plural)
nōngentīs (dative plural)
nōngentōs (accusative masculine plural)
nōngentās (accusative feminine plural)
nōngenta (accusative neuter plural)
nōngentīs (ablative plural)
nōngentī (masculine plural vocative)
nōngentae (feminine plural vocative)
nōngenta (neuter plural vocative)

Later formations ('nine' + 'hundred'):

Catalan: nou-cents

French: neuf cents

Italian: novecento

Portuguese: novecentos

Spanish: novecientos

[noːŋˈɡɛn̪t̪iː]

From novem (“nine”) + centum (“hundred”).


unarum

[uːˈnäːrʊ̃ˑ]


milibus

dative/ablative plural of mīlle (“thousand”)


sescenti

sescentī (canonical)
sescentae (feminine)
sescenta (neuter)
sescentī (masculine nominative plural)
sescentae (feminine nominative plural)
sescenta (neuter nominative plural)
sescentōrum (genitive masculine plural)
sescentārum (feminine genitive plural)
sescentōrum (genitive neuter plural)
sescentīs (dative plural)
sescentōs (accusative masculine plural)
sescentās (accusative feminine plural)
sescenta (accusative neuter plural)
sescentīs (ablative plural)
sescentī (masculine plural vocative)
sescentae (feminine plural vocative)
sescenta (neuter plural vocative)

Direct reflexes:

>? Sardinian: seschentos

Later formations ('six' + 'hundred'):

Catalan: sis-cents

French: six cents

Italian: seicento

Occitan: sièis cents

Portuguese: seiscentos

Spanish: seiscientos

[s̠ɛs̠ˈkɛn̪t̪iː]


septingenti

septingentī (canonical)
septingentae (feminine)
septingenta (neuter)
septingentī (masculine nominative plural)
septingentae (feminine nominative plural)
septingenta (neuter nominative plural)
septingentōrum (genitive masculine plural)
septingentārum (feminine genitive plural)
septingentōrum (genitive neuter plural)
septingentīs (dative plural)
septingentōs (accusative masculine plural)
septingentās (accusative feminine plural)
septingenta (accusative neuter plural)
septingentīs (ablative plural)
septingentī (masculine plural vocative)
septingentae (feminine plural vocative)
septingenta (neuter plural vocative)

Later formations ('seven' + 'hundred'):

Catalan: setcents

French: sept cents

Italian: settecento

Occitan: sèt cents

Portuguese: setecentos

Spanish: setecientos

[s̠ɛpt̪ɪŋˈɡɛn̪t̪iː]

From septem (“seven”) + centum (“hundred”).


quadringenti

quadringentī (canonical)
quadringentae (feminine)
quadringenta (neuter)
quadringentī (masculine nominative plural)
quadringentae (feminine nominative plural)
quadringenta (neuter nominative plural)
quadringentōrum (genitive masculine plural)
quadringentārum (feminine genitive plural)
quadringentōrum (genitive neuter plural)
quadringentīs (dative plural)
quadringentōs (accusative masculine plural)
quadringentās (accusative feminine plural)
quadringenta (accusative neuter plural)
quadringentīs (ablative plural)
quadringentī (masculine plural vocative)
quadringentae (feminine plural vocative)
quadringenta (neuter plural vocative)

Later formations ('four' + 'hundred'):

Catalan: quatre-cents

French: quatre cents

Italian: quattrocento

Occitan: quatre cents

Portuguese: quatrocentos

Spanish: cuatrocientos

[kʷäd̪rɪŋˈɡɛn̪t̪iː]

From quattuor (“four”) + centum (“hundred”).


trecenti

trecentī (canonical)
trecentae (feminine)
trecenta (neuter)
trecentī (masculine nominative plural)
trecentae (feminine nominative plural)
trecenta (neuter nominative plural)
trecentōrum (genitive masculine plural)
trecentārum (feminine genitive plural)
trecentōrum (genitive neuter plural)
trecentīs (dative plural)
trecentōs (accusative masculine plural)
trecentās (accusative feminine plural)
trecenta (accusative neuter plural)
trecentīs (ablative plural)
trecentī (masculine plural vocative)
trecentae (feminine plural vocative)
trecenta (neuter plural vocative)

Later formations ('three' + 'hundred'):

Catalan: tres-cents

French: trois cents

Italian: trecento

Occitan: tres cents

Spanish: trescientos

Direct reflexes:

Friulian: trezinte

Ligurian: tregent

Lombard: trezent

Old Catalan: treents

Old Spanish: trezientos

Portuguese: trezentos

Sardinian: trechentos treghentos, trexentus

Venetian: trezento

From trēs (“three”) + centum (“hundred”).

Caesar exposito exercitu et loco castris idoneo capto, ubi ex captivis cognovit quo in loco hostium copiae consedissent, cohortibus decem ad mare relictis et equitibus trecentis, qui praesidio navibus essent […]

c. 52 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de Bello Gallico 5.9

Caesar, having disembarked his army and chosen a convenient place for the camp, when he discovered from the prisoners in what part the forces of the enemy had lodged themselves, having left ten cohorts and 300 horse at the sea, to be a guard to the ships, hastens to the enemy […]


quingenti

quīngentī (canonical)
quīngentae (feminine)
quīngenta (neuter)
quīngentī (masculine nominative plural)
quīngentae (feminine nominative plural)
quīngenta (neuter nominative plural)
quīngentōrum (genitive masculine plural)
quīngentārum (feminine genitive plural)
quīngentōrum (genitive neuter plural)
quīngentīs (dative plural)
quīngentōs (accusative masculine plural)
quīngentās (accusative feminine plural)
quīngenta (accusative neuter plural)
quīngentīs (ablative plural)
quīngentī (masculine plural vocative)
quīngentae (feminine plural vocative)
quīngenta (neuter plural vocative)

Direct reflexes:

Asturian: quinientos

Galician: quiñentos

Portuguese: quinhentos

Spanish: quinientos

Later formations ('five' + 'hundred'):

Old Aragonese: cinc-cientos

Aragonese: cinco-cientos (Probably influenced by Spanish)

Catalan: cinc-cents

French: cinq cents

Italian: cinquecento

Occitan: cinc cents

[kʷiːŋˈɡɛn̪t̪iː]

From quīnque (“five”) + centum (“hundred”).


undecentum

[uːn̪d̪eːˈkɛn̪t̪ʊ̃ˑ]

Literally "one from one hundred"; ūnus (“one”) + dē (“from”) + centum (“hundred”)

nec congruēbant ad hōrās eius līneae, pāruērunt tamen eī annīs ūndēcentum, ...

77-78 — Pliny the Elder, Naturalis Historia, Book VII, section 214

Although the threads did not come together for those hours, they were evident those ninety-nine years, ...


octingenti

octingentī (canonical)
octingentae (feminine)
octingenta (neuter)
octingentī (masculine nominative plural)
octingentae (feminine nominative plural)
octingenta (neuter nominative plural)
octingentōrum (genitive masculine plural)
octingentārum (feminine genitive plural)
octingentōrum (genitive neuter plural)
octingentīs (dative plural)
octingentōs (accusative masculine plural)
octingentās (accusative feminine plural)
octingenta (accusative neuter plural)
octingentīs (ablative plural)
octingentī (masculine plural vocative)
octingentae (feminine plural vocative)
octingenta (neuter plural vocative)

Later formations ('eight' + 'hundred'):

Catalan: vuit-cents

French: huit cents

Italian: ottocento

Occitan: uèch cents

Portuguese: oitocentos

Spanish: ochocientos

[ɔkt̪ɪŋˈɡɛn̪t̪iː]

From octō (“eight”) + centum (“hundred”). Influenced by septingentī.


sescentae

[s̠ɛs̠ˈkɛn̪t̪äe̯]

Inflected form of sescentī (“six hundred”)

nominative/vocative feminine of sescentī


quingentae

[kʷiːŋˈɡɛn̪t̪äe̯]

Inflected form of quīngentī (“five hundred”)

nominative/vocative feminine of quīngentī


quadringentae

[kʷäd̪rɪŋˈɡɛn̪t̪äe̯]

Inflected form of quadringentī (“four hundred”)

nominative/vocative feminine of quadringentī


trecentae

[t̪rɛˈkɛn̪t̪äe̯]

Inflected form of trecentī (“three hundred”)

nominative/vocative feminine of trecentī


octingentae

[ɔkt̪ɪŋˈɡɛn̪t̪äe̯]

Inflected form of octingentī (“eight hundred”)

nominative/vocative feminine of octingentī


ducentae

[d̪ʊˈkɛn̪t̪äe̯]

Inflected form of ducentī (“two hundred”)


septingentae

[s̠ɛpt̪ɪŋˈɡɛn̪t̪äe̯]

Inflected form of septingentī (“seven hundred”)

nominative/vocative feminine of septingentī


sescenta

[s̠ɛs̠ˈkɛn̪t̪ä]

[seʃˈʃɛn̪t̪ä]

nominative/accusative/vocative neuter of sescentī


trecenta

[t̪rɛˈkɛn̪t̪ä]

[t̪reˈt͡ʃɛn̪t̪ä]

nominative/accusative/vocative neuter of trecentī


quadringenta

[kʷäd̪rɪŋˈɡɛn̪t̪ä]

[kwäd̪rin̠ʲˈd͡ʒɛn̪t̪ä]

nominative/accusative/vocative neuter of quadringentī


quingenta

[kʷiːŋˈɡɛn̪t̪ä]

[kwin̠ʲˈd͡ʒɛn̪t̪ä]

nominative/accusative/vocative neuter of quīngentī


septingenta

[s̠ɛpt̪ɪŋˈɡɛn̪t̪ä]

nominative/accusative/vocative neuter of septingentī


octingenta

[ɔkt̪ɪŋˈɡɛn̪t̪ä]

[okt̪in̠ʲˈd͡ʒɛn̪t̪ä]

nominative/accusative/vocative neuter of octingentī


nongenta

[noːŋˈɡɛn̪t̪ä]

[non̠ʲˈd͡ʒɛn̪t̪ä]

Inflected form of nōngentī (“nine hundred”)

nominative/accusative/vocative neuter of nōngentī


ducenta

[d̪ʊˈkɛn̪t̪ä]

[d̪uˈt͡ʃɛn̪t̪ä]

nominative/accusative/vocative neuter of ducentī


nongentae

[noːŋˈɡɛn̪t̪äe̯]

nominative/vocative feminine of nōngentī


septendecim

[s̠ɛpˈt̪ɛn̪d̪ɛkɪ̃ˑ]

tribuni plebis, si iis uideretur, ad populum ferrent ut, qui minores septendecim annis sacramento dixissent, iis perinde stipendia procederent ac si septendecim annorum aut maiores milites facti essent.

27 BCE – 25 BCE, Titus Livius, Ab Urbe Condita 25

The tribunes of the plebs might, if they thought good, make a proposal to the people that those who had taken the military oath when under seventeen years of age should have their pay reckoned to them on the same scale as if they had been enlisted at seventeen, or older.

Respondimus universum numerum tam sanorum quam aegrotorum esse ad unum et quinquaginta homines, ex quibus aegroti erant septendecim.

We answered, “We were in all (sick and whole) one–and–fifty persons, whereof our sick were seventeen.”


duodeviginti

[d̪uɔd̪eːu̯iːˈɡɪn̪t̪iː]

Literally "two from twenty"; from duo (“two”) + dē (“from”) vīgintī (“twenty”). Compare non-subtractive form octōdecim.

castra in altitudinem pedum XII vallo fossaque duodeviginti pedum muniri iubet.

He orders him to fortify a camp with a rampart twelve feet in height, and a trench eighteen feet in breadth.

G. et L. in duodeviginti mensium spatio amisit ambos, Gaio in Lycia, Lucio Massiliae defunctis.

c. 69 CE – 122 CE, Suetonius, De vita Caesarum divi Augusti 65

He lost Gaius and Lucius within the span of eighteen months, for the former died in Lycia and the latter at Massilia.


undeviginti

[uːn̪d̪eːu̯iːˈɡɪn̪t̪iː]

Literally "one from twenty"; from ūnus (“one”) + dē (“from”) vīgintī (“twenty”). Compare non-subtractive forms novendecim and novemdecim.

Annos undeviginti natus exercitum privato consilio et privata impensa comparavi

c. 14 C.E., Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus, "Res gestae Divi Augusti", 1.1

"At the age of nineteen I raised an army on my own initiative and at my own expense"

Intervalla quoque siderum a terra multi indagare temptarunt, et solem abesse a luna undeviginti partes quantam lunam ipsam a terra prodiderunt.

c. 77 CE – 79 CE, Pliny the Elder, Naturalis Historia 2.83

Many persons have attempted to discover the distance of the stars from the earth, and they have published as the result, that the sun is nineteen times as far from the moon, as the moon herself is from the earth.


sedecim

Dalmatian:

setco

Italo-Romance:

Corsican: sèdeci

Italian: sedici

Sicilian: sìdici, sìrici

North Italian:

Friulian: sedis

Romansch: sedesch, sedisch, saidesch

Venetian: sédexe, sédese

Gallo-Romance:

Franco-Provençal: sèze

Old French: seze, seize

Middle French: seze, seize

French: seize

Walloon: saze

Occitano-Romance:

Catalan: setze

Occitan: setze

Ibero-Romance:

Asturian: selce

Old Spanish: sedze, seze

Insular Romance:

Sardinian: sedichi, seghi, segi, seighi

[ˈs̠eːd̪ɛkɪ̃ˑ]

nunc sedecim alarum coniuncta signa pulsu sonituque et nube ipsa operient ac superfundent oblitos proeliorum equites equosque

c. 100 CE – 110 CE, Tacitus, Histories 3.2

Now the united standards of sixteen squadrons will bury and overwhelm with the crash and din and storm of their onset these horses and horsemen that have forgotten how to fight.

hii filii Zelphae quam dedit Laban Liae filiae suae et hos genuit Iacob sedecim animas

These are the sons of Zilpah, whom Laban gave to Leah his daughter, and these she bare unto Jacob, even sixteen souls.


quattuordecim

Italo-Romance:

Corsican: quattordeci, quattordici

Italian: quattordici

Sicilian: quattòrdici

Padanian:

Friulian: cuatardis

Romansch: quattordesch, quitordisch, quitordesch

Venetian: quatòrdexe, cuatòrdexe

Northern Gallo-Romance:

Franco-Provençal: quatôrze

French: quatorze

Walloon: catoize

Southern Gallo-Romance:

Asturian: catorce

Catalan: catorze

Occitan: quatorze

Ibero-Romance:

Galician: catorce

Portuguese: catorze, quatorze

Spanish: catorce

Insular Romance:

Sardinian: batódighi, batórdighi, battórdichi, cattódixi, catódixi

Borrowings:

⇒ English: quattuordecillion

[kʷät̪ːuˈɔrd̪ɛkɪ̃ˑ]

laudata olim et militari fama celebrata severitas eius angebat aspernantis veterem disciplinam atque ita quattuordecim annis a Nerone adsuefactos ut haud minus vitia principum amarent quam olim virtutes verebantur.

c. 100 CE – 110 CE, Tacitus, Histories 1.5

The strictness once so commended, and celebrated in the praises of the army, was galling to troops who rebelled against the old discipline, and who had been accustomed by fourteen years' service under Nero to love the vices of their emperors, as much as they had once respected their virtues.

fecit ergo Salomon in tempore illo festivitatem celebrem et omnis Israhel cum eo multitudo magna ab introitu Emath usque ad rivum Aegypti coram Domino Deo nostro septem diebus et septem diebus id est quattuordecim diebus

And at that time Solomon held a feast, and all Israel with him, a great congregation, from the entering in of Hamath unto the river of Egypt, before the LORD our God, seven days and seven days, even fourteen days.


tredecim

Dalmatian:

tretco

Italo-Romance:

Corsican: tredeci, tredici

Italian: tredici

Sicilian: trìdici, trìrici

North Italian:

Friulian: tredis

Istriot: tridase

Ladin: tredesc

Romansch: tredesch, tredisch, traidesch

Venetian: trédexe, tredese

Gallo-Romance:

Franco-Provençal: trèze

Old French: treze, treize

Middle French: treze, treize

French: treize

Walloon: traze

Occitano-Romance:

Catalan: tretze

Occitan: tretze

Ibero-Romance:

Aragonese: treze

Asturian: trece, trelce

Galician: trece

Portuguese: treze

Spanish: trece

Insular Romance:

Sardinian:

Campidanese: treixi, trexi

Logudorese: treighi

Nuorese: treichi, trechi

Borrowings:

⇒ English: tredecillion

[ˈt̪reːd̪ɛkɪ̃ˑ]

Miremur si, cum ex hac parte saecula plura numerentur quam ex illa anni, plus in tam longo spatio quam in aetate tredecim annorum fortuna uariauerit?

27 BCE – 25 BCE, Titus Livius, Ab Urbe Condita 9

Where more generations are reckoned on one side than years on the other, can we be surprised that in such a long space of time there have been more changes of fortune than in a period of thirteen years?

sed legio sexta et tredecim vexillariorum milia ingenti agmine sequebantur

c. 100 CE – 110 CE, Tacitus, Histories 2.83

Behind him, however, came in a vast body the 6th legion and 13,000 veterans.

et Ismahel filius eius tredecim annos impleverat tempore circumcisionis suae

And Ishmael his son was thirteen years old, when he was circumcised in the flesh of his foreskin.


quindecim

Dalmatian:

čonco

Italo-Romance:

Corsican: quindeci, quindici

Italian: quindici

Sicilian: chìnnici, quìnnici

North Italian:

Old Lombard: quindex

Lombard: quindes

Friulian: cuindis

Piedmontese: quindes

Romansch: quindesch

Venetian: cuìndexe, quìndexe

Gallo-Romance:

Franco-Provençal: quinze

French: quinze

Norman: tchînze, tchinze

Walloon: cwénze

Occitano-Romance:

Catalan: quinze

Occitan: quinze

Ibero-Romance:

Asturian: quince

Old Galician-Portuguese: quinze

Galician: quince

Portuguese: quinze

Old Spanish: quinze, quindze

Ladino: kinze

Spanish: quince

Insular Romance:

Sardinian: bindighi

[ˈkʷiːn̪d̪ɛkɪ̃ˑ]

77-79 AD, Gaius Plinius Secundus, Naturalis Historia, liber XIV, vii

"in all, fifteen varieties of the grape has he named, three of the olive, the same number of the pear, and the citron of Assyria, and has neglected the rest"

quindecim omnino generibus uvarum nominatis, tribus oleae, totidem pirorum, malo vero tantum Assyrio, ceteris omnibus neglectis

erant autem Sibae quindecim filii et viginti servi

"Now Ziba had fifteen sons and twenty servants."


octoginta

[ɔkt̪oːˈɡɪn̪t̪äː]

From Proto-Indo-European *oktōḱomt, from earlier *oḱto(w)-dḱomt (“eight-ten”). Cognate with Ancient Greek ὀγδοήκοντα (ogdoḗkonta).


nonaginta

Padanian:

Emilian: nonanta

Friulian: nonante

Ladin: nonanta

Lombard: nonanta, noranta

Piedmontese: noranta

Romansch: nonaunta

Venetian: nonanta

Northern Gallo-Romance:

Franco-Provençal: nonanta, nouranta (Valdôtain)

French: nonante

Norman: nénante

Walloon: nonante

Southern Gallo-Romance:

Catalan: noranta, nonanta (northern)

Occitan: nonanta

Insular Romance:

Sardinian: nonanta, noranta

Vulgar Latin: *nōvāgintā (see there for further descendants)

[noːnäːˈɡɪn̪t̪äː]

From earlier *nūnāgintā, from Proto-Italic *nounagm̥ta, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁néwn̥dḱomt. Cognate with Ancient Greek ἐνενήκοντα (enenḗkonta).


quinquaginta

Dalmatian:

cioncuanta

Italo-Romance:

Italian: cinquanta

→ Sardinian: cincuanta (Campidanese)

Neapolitan: cinquànta

Sicilian: cinquanta

Insular Romance:

Sardinian: chimbanta, chimmanta (Logudorese, Nuorese)

North Italian:

Gallo-Italic:

Ligurian: çinquànta

Piedmontese: sinquanta

Friulian: cincuante

Ladin: cincanta

Romansch: tschuncanta, tschuncànta, tschunconta, tschinquaunta

Venetian: sinquanta, çinquanta, xinquanta, zhinquanta

Gallo-Romance:

Franco-Provençal: cinquanta

Old French: cinquante

French: cinquante

Norman: chînquante

Walloon: céncwante

Occitano-Romance:

Catalan: cinquanta

Occitan: cinquanta

Ibero-Romance:

Asturian: cincuenta

Old Galician-Portuguese: cinquaenta

Galician: cincuenta

desctree

Portuguese: cinquenta
Kabuverdianu: sinkuenta
Papiamentu: sinkuenta

Old Spanish: cinquaenta

Spanish: cincuenta
→ Cebuano: singkwenta, singkuwenta
→ Tagalog: singkuwenta, singkwenta, sinkuwenta

[kʷiːŋkʷäːˈɡɪn̪t̪äː]

From Proto-Indo-European *penkʷēḱomt, from earlier *pénkʷedḱomt (“five-ten”). Cognates include Ancient Greek πεντήκοντα (pentḗkonta) and Sanskrit पञ्चाशत् (pañcāśát).


sexaginta

Italo-Romance:

Italian: sessanta

Sicilian: sissanta

Padanian:

Friulian: sessante

Ladin: sessanta

desc

Romansch: sessanta, sissonta, sissànta, sesaunta, sesanta

Venetian: sesanta

Northern Gallo-Romance:

Old French: soissante

French: soixante

Norman: sessànte, souaixante

Walloon: swessante

Southern Gallo-Romance:

Catalan: seixanta

Occitan: seissanta

Ibero-Romance:

Asturian: sesenta

Old Galician-Portuguese: sessaenta, sesaenta

Galician: sesenta

Portuguese: sessenta

Old Spanish: sessaenta

Spanish: sesenta

Insular Romance:

Sardinian: sessanta

[s̠ɛks̠äːˈɡɪn̪t̪äː]

From Proto-Indo-European *sweḱsḱomt, from earlier *swéḱsdḱomt (“six-ten”). Cognate with Ancient Greek ἑξήκοντα (hexḗkonta).


quadraginta

Dalmatian:

quaranta

Italo-Romance:

Corsican: quaranta

Italian: quaranta

→ Sabir: quaranta

Neapolitan: quaranta

Sicilian: quaranta

Northern Italian:

Emilian: quaranta

Friulian: cuarante

Istriot: quaranta

Ladin: caranta

Ligurian: quaranta

Lombard: quaranta

Piedmontese: quaranta

Romagnol: quarânta

Romansch: quaranta, curonta, curànta, curanta, quaraunta

Venetian: cuaranta, quaranta

Gallo-Romance:

Franco-Provençal: quaranta

desctree

Old French: quarante
Middle French: quarante
French: quarante (see there for further descendants)
Norman: tcherànte (Guernsey), quarante (Jersey)
Walloon: cwarante, karantt

Occitano-Romance:

Aragonese: quarenta, quaranta

Catalan: quaranta, coranta

→ Sardinian: coranta (Campidanese)

Occitan: quaranta

West Iberian:

Old Leonese:

Asturian: cuarenta

Extremaduran: cuarenta

Leonese: cuarenta

desc

Old Galician-Portuguese: quaraenta, quareenta, quarenta, quaranta

Galician: corenta

Portuguese: quarenta (see there for further descendants)

Old Spanish: cuaraenta, quaraenta

Ladino: kuarenta

desctree

Spanish: cuarenta
Papiamentu: cuarenta
→ Cebuano: kwarenta
→ Tagalog: kuwarenta

Insular Romance:

Sardinian: baranta (Logudorese), cuaranta (Campidanese)

[kʷäd̪räːˈɡɪn̪t̪äː]

From Proto-Indo-European *kʷétwr̥dḱomt (“four-ten”). Cognates include Ancient Greek τετρώκοντα (tetrṓkonta) and Sanskrit चत्वारिंशत् (catvāriṃśát).


triginta

Dalmatian:

tranta

Italo-Romance:

Corsican: trenta

Italian: trenta

→ Sicilian: trenta

Sicilian: trinta

North Italian:

Friulian: trente

Ladin: trenta

Ligurian: trénta

Lombard: trénta, trènta

Romansch: trenta, trainta

Venetian: trenta

Gallo-Romance:

Franco-Provençal: trenta

French: trente

Norman: trente

Walloon: trinte

Occitano-Romance:

Catalan: trenta

Occitan: trenta

Ibero-Romance:

Navarro-Aragonese: treynta, trenta

Aragonese: trenta

Old Leonese:

Asturian: trenta

Extremaduran: trenta

Leonese: trenta

Mirandese: trinta

Old Galician-Portuguese: trinta

Galician: trinta

Portuguese: trinta

Old Spanish: treyenta

Spanish: treinta

Ladino: trenta, טרינטה

Insular Romance:

Sardinian: trinta

Borrowings:

→⇒ English: trigintennial

[t̪riːˈɡɪn̪t̪äː]

From Proto-Indo-European *tridḱm̥th₂ (“thirty”), a variant form of Proto-Indo-European *tridḱómt (“thirty”). Cognate to Ancient Greek τριάκοντα (triákonta) and Sanskrit त्रिंशत् (triṃśát).


quaterna

[kʷäˈt̪ɛrnä]

[kʷäˈt̪ɛrnäː]

inflection of quaternus:
nominative/vocative feminine singular


quaterna

[kʷäˈt̪ɛrnä]

[kʷäˈt̪ɛrnäː]


quaterne

[kʷäˈt̪ɛrnɛ]

vocative masculine singular of quaternus


triplus

tripla (feminine)
triplum (neuter)
triplus (masculine nominative singular)
tripla (feminine nominative singular)
triplum (neuter nominative singular)
triplī (masculine nominative plural)
triplae (feminine nominative plural)
tripla (neuter nominative plural)
triplī (genitive masculine singular)
triplae (feminine genitive singular)
triplī (genitive neuter singular)
triplōrum (genitive masculine plural)
triplārum (feminine genitive plural)
triplōrum (genitive neuter plural)
triplō (dative masculine singular)
triplae (dative feminine singular)
triplō (dative neuter singular)
triplīs (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
triplum (accusative masculine singular)
triplam (accusative feminine singular)
triplum (accusative neuter singular)
triplōs (accusative masculine plural)
triplās (accusative feminine plural)
tripla (accusative neuter plural)
triplō (ablative masculine singular)
triplā (ablative feminine singular)
triplō (ablative neuter singular)
triplīs (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
triple (masculine singular vocative)
tripla (feminine singular vocative)
triplum (neuter singular vocative)
triplī (masculine plural vocative)
triplae (feminine plural vocative)
tripla (neuter plural vocative)

Catalan: triple

English: triple, treble

French: triple

Italian: triplo

Old French: treble

Portuguese: triplo

Romanian: triplu

Spanish: triplo


octava

[ɔkˈt̪äːu̯ä]

[ɔkˈt̪äːu̯äː]

inflection of octāvus:
nominative/vocative feminine singular


octava

[ɔkˈt̪äːu̯ä]

[ɔkˈt̪äːu̯äː]


trecentesima

nominative feminine singular of trecentēsimus


triplicis

genitive masculine/feminine/neuter singular of triplex


undecimi

inflection of ūndecimus:
nominative/vocative masculine plural

inflection of ūndecimus:
genitive masculine/neuter singular


undecimo

dative/ablative masculine/neuter singular of ūndecimus


bino

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

nonlemma

dative/ablative masculine/neuter singular of bīnus


millesimi

inflection of mīllēsimus:
nominative/vocative masculine plural

inflection of mīllēsimus:
genitive masculine/neuter singular


millesime

vocative masculine singular of mīllēsimus


millesima

inflection of mīllēsimus:
nominative/vocative feminine singular


millesima

ablative feminine singular of mīllēsimus


millesimo

dative/ablative masculine/neuter singular of mīllēsimus


novemdecim

[noˈu̯ɛn̪d̪ɛkɪ̃ˑ]

1714, Demetrius Cantemir, Descriptio Moldaviae, caput IV
Posteaquam vero sequentibus temporibus Turcarum tyrannide oppressa esset Bassarabia Aronis principis perfidia tradita Tigine cum duabus partibus, novemdecim tantum regiones, neque hae integrae, hodiernis principibus remanserunt.

(please add an English translation of this quotation)


novendecim

[noˈu̯ɛn̪d̪ɛkɪ̃ˑ]

Tum vero adduxit ad cubicula visenda quae nobis parata erant, numera novendecim.

Novendecim alii Domini, quorum quilibet habet annuos reditus

1649, Bernhardus Varenius, Descriptio Regni Iaponiae, section XI:


octodecim

[ɔkˈt̪oːd̪ɛkɪ̃ˑ]

1543, Petrus Comestor, Historia Scholastica, III Kings, "De porticu"
Quarum talis erat compositio: Stylus, vel stipes columnae octodecim habebat cubitos altitudinis

Si corpus Alucretur partes novem vel decem vel undecim vel duodecim, adeoque progrediatur post concursum cum partibus quindecim vel sexdecim vel septendecim vel octodecim.

1687, Isaac Newton, “Axiomata, sive Leges Motus”, in Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica:


undeoctoginta

[uːn̪d̪eɔkt̪oːˈɡɪn̪t̪äː]

Literally "one from eighty"; ūnus (“one”) + dē (“from”) + octōgintā (“eighty”)


duodeseptuaginta

[d̪uɔd̪eːs̠ɛpt̪uäːˈɡɪn̪t̪äː]

Literally "two from seventy"; duo (“two”) + dē (“from”) + septuāgintā (“seventy”)


duodenonaginta

[d̪uɔd̪eːnoːnäːˈɡɪn̪t̪äː]

Literally "two from ninety"; duo (“two”) + dē (“from”) + nōnāgintā (“ninety”)


undeseptuaginta

[uːn̪d̪eːs̠ɛpt̪uäːˈɡɪn̪t̪äː]

Literally "one from seventy"; ūnus (“one”) + dē (“from”) + septuāgintā (“seventy”)


undenonaginta

[uːn̪d̪eːnoːnäːˈɡɪn̪t̪äː]

Literally "one from ninety"; ūnus (“one”) + dē (“from”) + nōnāgintā (“ninety”)


deceno

dative/ablative masculine/neuter singular of decēnus


undesexaginta

[uːn̪d̪eːs̠ɛks̠äːˈɡɪn̪t̪äː]

Literally "one from sixty"; ūnus (“one”) + dē (“from”) + sexāgintā (“sixty”)


duodequinquaginta

[d̪uɔd̪eːkʷiːŋkʷäːˈɡɪn̪t̪äː]

Literally "two from fifty"; duo (“two”) + dē (“from”) + quīnquāgintā (“fifty”)


undequinquaginta

[uːn̪d̪eːkʷiːŋkʷäːˈɡɪn̪t̪äː]

Literally "one from fifty"; ūnus (“one”) + dē (“from”) + quīnquāgintā (“fifty”)


undequadraginta

[uːn̪d̪eːkʷäd̪räːˈɡɪn̪t̪äː]

Literally "one from forty"; ūnus (“one”) + dē (“from”) + quadrāgintā (“forty”)


duodequadraginta

[d̪uɔd̪eːkʷäd̪räːˈɡɪn̪t̪äː]

Literally "two from forty"; duo (“two”) + dē (“from”) + quadrāgintā (“forty”)


undetriginta

[uːn̪d̪eːt̪riːˈɡɪn̪t̪äː]

Literally "one from thirty"; ūnus (“one”) + dē (“from”) + trīgintā (“thirty”)


duodesexaginta

[d̪uɔd̪eːs̠ɛks̠äːˈɡɪn̪t̪äː]

Literally "two from sixty"; duo (“two”) + dē (“from”) + sexāgintā (“sixty”)


duodeoctoginta

[d̪uɔd̪eɔkt̪oːˈɡɪn̪t̪äː]

Literally "two from eighty"; duo (“two”) + dē (“from”) + octōgintā (“eighty”)


duodetriginta

[d̪uɔd̪eːt̪riːˈɡɪn̪t̪äː]

Literally "two from thirty"; duo (“two”) + dē (“from”) + trīgintā (“thirty”)


undecime

vocative masculine singular of ūndecimus


undecima

inflection of ūndecimus:
nominative/vocative feminine singular


sexta

See sextus. As a noun, by agreement with an implied hora (“hour”).

inflection of sextus:
nominative/vocative feminine singular


octavas

[ɔkˈt̪äːu̯äːs̠]


senus

sēnus (canonical)
sēna (feminine)
sēnum (neuter)
sēnus (masculine nominative singular)
sēna (feminine nominative singular)
sēnum (neuter nominative singular)
sēnī (masculine nominative plural)
sēnae (feminine nominative plural)
sēna (neuter nominative plural)
sēnī (genitive masculine singular)
sēnae (feminine genitive singular)
sēnī (genitive neuter singular)
sēnum (genitive masculine plural)
sēnōrum (genitive masculine plural)
sēnum (feminine genitive plural)
sēnārum (feminine genitive plural)
sēnum (genitive neuter plural)
sēnōrum (genitive neuter plural)
sēnō (dative masculine singular)
sēnae (dative feminine singular)
sēnō (dative neuter singular)
sēnīs (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
sēnum (accusative masculine singular)
sēnam (accusative feminine singular)
sēnum (accusative neuter singular)
sēnōs (accusative masculine plural)
sēnās (accusative feminine plural)
sēna (accusative neuter plural)
sēnō (ablative masculine singular)
sēnā (ablative feminine singular)
sēnō (ablative neuter singular)
sēnīs (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
sēne (masculine singular vocative)
sēna (feminine singular vocative)
sēnum (neuter singular vocative)
sēnī (masculine plural vocative)
sēnae (feminine plural vocative)
sēna (neuter plural vocative)

From *seksnos, equivalent to sex + -nus.

...agedum, dextra, conare aggredi / ingens opus, labore bis seno amplius.

c. 4 BCE – 65 CE, Seneca the Younger, Hercules Furens 1282

Come on, right hand, attempt to undertake the enormous work, greater than the twice sixfold labor(s).

quis labor Aonios seno pede ducere cantus

c. 45 CE – 96 CE, Statius, Silvae 5.3.92

2003 translation by D. R. Shackleton Bailey
they whose toil it is to make song in six-foot measure

(poetic or post-Classical) six (collective), sixfold


senas

[ˈs̠eːnäːs̠]


centesimus

centēsimus (canonical)
centēsima (feminine)
centēsimum (neuter)
centēsimus (masculine nominative singular)
centēsima (feminine nominative singular)
centēsimum (neuter nominative singular)
centēsimī (masculine nominative plural)
centēsimae (feminine nominative plural)
centēsima (neuter nominative plural)
centēsimī (genitive masculine singular)
centēsimae (feminine genitive singular)
centēsimī (genitive neuter singular)
centēsimōrum (genitive masculine plural)
centēsimārum (feminine genitive plural)
centēsimōrum (genitive neuter plural)
centēsimō (dative masculine singular)
centēsimae (dative feminine singular)
centēsimō (dative neuter singular)
centēsimīs (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
centēsimum (accusative masculine singular)
centēsimam (accusative feminine singular)
centēsimum (accusative neuter singular)
centēsimōs (accusative masculine plural)
centēsimās (accusative feminine plural)
centēsima (accusative neuter plural)
centēsimō (ablative masculine singular)
centēsimā (ablative feminine singular)
centēsimō (ablative neuter singular)
centēsimīs (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
centēsime (masculine singular vocative)
centēsima (feminine singular vocative)
centēsimum (neuter singular vocative)
centēsimī (masculine plural vocative)
centēsimae (feminine plural vocative)
centēsima (neuter plural vocative)

→ Catalan: centèsim

Old French: centesme

Middle French: centiesme

French: centième

→ Italian: centesimo

→ Portuguese: centésimo

→ Spanish: centésimo

[kɛn̪ˈt̪eːs̠ɪmʊs̠]

Probably from Old Latin *cēsimus (“hundredth”) (from Proto-Italic *kent-tamo-), remodelled after ordinal numbers like vigēsimus (“twentieth”). Surface analysis centum (“hundred”) + -ēsimus (“-th”).


ternis

dative/ablative masculine/feminine/neuter plural of ternus


nonis

dative/ablative masculine/feminine/neuter plural of nōnus


singulus

singula (feminine)
singulum (neuter)
singulus (masculine nominative singular)
singula (feminine nominative singular)
singulum (neuter nominative singular)
singulī (masculine nominative plural)
singulae (feminine nominative plural)
singula (neuter nominative plural)
singulī (genitive masculine singular)
singulae (feminine genitive singular)
singulī (genitive neuter singular)
singulōrum (genitive masculine plural)
singulārum (feminine genitive plural)
singulōrum (genitive neuter plural)
singulō (dative masculine singular)
singulae (dative feminine singular)
singulō (dative neuter singular)
singulīs (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
singulum (accusative masculine singular)
singulam (accusative feminine singular)
singulum (accusative neuter singular)
singulōs (accusative masculine plural)
singulās (accusative feminine plural)
singula (accusative neuter plural)
singulō (ablative masculine singular)
singulā (ablative feminine singular)
singulō (ablative neuter singular)
singulīs (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
singule (masculine singular vocative)
singula (feminine singular vocative)
singulum (neuter singular vocative)
singulī (masculine plural vocative)
singulae (feminine plural vocative)
singula (neuter plural vocative)

Aromanian: singur

Catalan: sengles

Dalmatian: sanglo

→ English: single (via Old French)

Friulian: sengul

→ Irish: singil (via English)

Italian: singolo

Galician: senllos

Old French: sengle

Romanian: singur

Sicilian: sìngulu

Spanish: sendos

Asturian: cenciellu

Galician: sinxelo

Portuguese: singelo

Spanish: sencillo

→ Catalan: senzill (via Spanish)

[ˈs̠ɪŋɡʊɫ̪ʊs̠]

From Proto-Italic *senɣelos, from Proto-Indo-European *sem- (“one”) + distributive particle *ǵʰe (compare Albanian gjithë).

in singula diei tempora

c. 52 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de Bello Gallico VII.16

Persequi singulos longum est quorum aut latrunculi aut pila aut excoquendi in sole corporis cura consumpsere uitam.

c. 4 BCE – 65 CE, Seneca the Younger, De brevitate vitae 13

It would be tedious to mention all the different men who have spent the whole of their life over chess or ball or the practice of baking their bodies in the sun.

Caesar cum … singulas legiones appellaret

c. 52 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de Bello Gallico VII.17


duodecimi

inflection of duodecimus:
nominative/vocative masculine plural

inflection of duodecimus:
genitive masculine/neuter singular


duodecime

vocative masculine singular of duodecimus


duodecima

inflection of duodecimus:
nominative/vocative feminine singular


duodecima

ablative feminine singular of duodecimus


trini

inflection of trīnus:
nominative/vocative masculine plural

inflection of trīnus:
genitive masculine/neuter singular


quadrine

vocative masculine singular of quadrīnus


trium

genitive masculine/feminine/neuter of trēs


duabus

[d̪uˈäːbʊs̠]


duorum

[d̪uˈoːrʊ̃ˑ]


duarum

[d̪uˈäːrʊ̃ˑ]


ducentis

dative/ablative masculine/feminine/neuter plural of ducentī (“two hundred; 200”)


trinus

trīnus (canonical)
trīna (feminine)
trīnum (neuter)
trīnus (masculine nominative singular)
trīna (feminine nominative singular)
trīnum (neuter nominative singular)
trīnī (masculine nominative plural)
trīnae (feminine nominative plural)
trīna (neuter nominative plural)
trīnī (genitive masculine singular)
trīnae (feminine genitive singular)
trīnī (genitive neuter singular)
trīnum (genitive masculine plural)
trīnōrum (genitive masculine plural)
trīnum (feminine genitive plural)
trīnārum (feminine genitive plural)
trīnum (genitive neuter plural)
trīnōrum (genitive neuter plural)
trīnō (dative masculine singular)
trīnae (dative feminine singular)
trīnō (dative neuter singular)
trīnīs (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
trīnum (accusative masculine singular)
trīnam (accusative feminine singular)
trīnum (accusative neuter singular)
trīnōs (accusative masculine plural)
trīnās (accusative feminine plural)
trīna (accusative neuter plural)
trīnō (ablative masculine singular)
trīnā (ablative feminine singular)
trīnō (ablative neuter singular)
trīnīs (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
trīne (masculine singular vocative)
trīna (feminine singular vocative)
trīnum (neuter singular vocative)
trīnī (masculine plural vocative)
trīnae (feminine plural vocative)
trīna (neuter plural vocative)

Italian: trino, trina

Middle French: trin

desctree

→ Middle English: trine, tryne
English: trine

Sicilian: trinu

⇒ Vulgar Latin: *trēna

Aragonese: trena

Catalan: trena

Franco-Provençal: trena

Occitan: trena

From Proto-Italic *triznos, itself from Proto-Indo-European *trís (“thrice”) and the adjective-forming suffix *-nós (see Latin -nus), equivalent to Latin ter + -nus (compare the alternative form ternus).


vicesimis

dative/ablative masculine/feminine/neuter plural of vīcēsimus


vicesimorum

genitive masculine/neuter plural of vīcēsimus


vicesimos

accusative masculine plural of vīcēsimus


vicesimam

accusative feminine singular of vīcēsimus


vicesime

vocative masculine singular of vīcēsimus


vicesimo

dative/ablative masculine/neuter singular of vīcēsimus


vicesimae

inflection of vīcēsimus:
nominative/vocative feminine plural

inflection of vīcēsimus:
genitive/dative feminine singular


vicesimi

inflection of vīcēsimus:
nominative/vocative masculine plural

inflection of vīcēsimus:
genitive masculine/neuter singular


primorum

genitive masculine/neuter plural of prīmus


primae

inflection of prīmus:
nominative/vocative feminine plural

inflection of prīmus:
genitive/dative feminine singular


primis

dative/ablative masculine/feminine/neuter plural of prīmus


vicesima

inflection of vīcēsimus:
nominative/vocative feminine singular


secundorum

genitive masculine/neuter plural of secundus


secundae

inflection of secundus:
nominative/vocative feminine plural

inflection of secundus:
genitive/dative feminine singular


secundis

dative/ablative masculine/feminine/neuter plural of secundus