Abaddon

→ German: Abaddon

desc

→ Middle English: Abadon, Abbadon, Labadon, Laabadon

English: Abaddon

→ Spanish: Abadón

[äˈbäd̪ːoːn]

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Ἀβαδδών (Abaddṓn).

et habebant super se regem angelum abyssi cui nomen hebraice Abaddon graece autem Apollyon et latine habet nomen Exterminans
And they had over them a king, the angel of the bottomless pit; whose name in Hebrew is Abaddon, and in Greek Apollyon; in Latin Exterminans. ― Douay–Rheims translation

ante''' AD 405, anonymous revisor(s) of the Vetus Latina, Biblia Sacra Vulgatae Editionis, Apocalypsis 9:11

(Late Latin) the name of the angel of Tartarus


December

la-proper noun

December m sg (genitive Decembris); third declension

Decembris (genitive)
December (nominative singular)
Decembris (genitive singular)
Decembrī (dative singular)
Decembrem (accusative singular)
Decembrī (ablative singular)
December (singular vocative)

Italo-Dalmatian

Corsican: dicembre, decembre, dicembri

Italian: dicembre

→ Emilian: dicèmber

→ Ligurian: dixénbre

→ Lombard: dicember

Neapolitan: deciémbro, dicèmbre

Tarantino: decèmmre

Sicilian: dicèmmiru, dicembri, dicembru

→ Maltese: Diċembru

Padanian:

Emilian: dzèmbar, gèmbar, giämbar

Friulian: dicembar

Ladin: dezember

Ligurian: dexénbre

Lombard: dezèmber, dezèmbre

desc

Piedmontese: dzèmber, dzèmbri, zèmbr, gèmbr

Emilian: dissèmbre, dissèmbar

Romansch: dezember, december (Rumantsch Grischun, Sursilvan, Surmiran, Puter, Vallader), schember, schiember (Sursilvan), dschember (Puter, Vallader)

Venetan: disenbre
→ Cimbrian: ditzembre

Southern Gallo-Romance:

Aragonese: diciembre

Occitan: decembre

Gascon: deceme

Old Catalan: decembre, dehembre, deembre

q

Influenced by <i class="Latn mention" lang="ca">desè</i>

Catalan: desembre (Influenced by desè)

Ibero-Romance:

Old Leonese:

Asturian: diciembre

Extremaduran: diziembri

Mirandese: dezembre

Old Spanish: deziembre, diziembre

Ladino: disiembre, dizyembre

Spanish: diciembre (see there for further descendants)

⇒ Vulgar Latin: *decembriu

Northern Gallo-Romance:

Franco-Provençal: dècembro

Ibero-Romance:

desctree

Old Galician-Portuguese: dezembro, dezenbro
Galician: decembro
Portuguese: dezembro (see there for further descendants)

Borrowings

→ Koine Greek: Δεκέμβριος (Dekémbrios)

→ Middle High German: december
Alemannic German: Dezämber
Bavarian: Dezemba
Cimbrian: disèmber
German: Dezember
→ Estonian: detsember
→ Hunsrik: Dezember
→ Kashubian: december
→ Hebrew: דצמבר (detsémber)
→ Luxembourgish: Dezember
Pennsylvania German: Dezember, Disember
Yiddish: דעצעמבער (detsember)

→ Old Armenian: դեկտեմբեր (dektember)
Armenian: դեկտեմբեր (dektember)

→ Old French: decembre
Franc-Comtois: décembre
French: décembre
Guianese Creole: désanm
Haitian Creole: desanm
→ Iranian Persian: دسامبر (desâmbr)
→ South Azerbaijani: دئسامبر (desambr)
→ Tunisian Arabic: ديسمبر (desōmbr)
Norman:
Cotentin: décembe
Guernsey: décembre
Jersey: Dézembre
Sark: dezãb
Walloon: decimbe
→ Middle English: Decembre
English: December, Decembre (obsolete), Dec., Dec, Dc (abbreviations)
Bislama: desemba
Pitcairn-Norfolk: Disemba
Tok Pisin: Desemba
→ Bengali: ডিসেম্বর (ḍiśembor)
→ Burmese: ဒီဇင်ဘာ (dijangbha)
→ Chichewa: Disembala
→ Dari: دسمبر (desembar)
→ Dhivehi: ޑިސެމްބަރު (ḍisem̊baru)
→ Hausa: Disamba
→ Hawaiian: Kēkēmapa
→ Hindi: दिसंबर (disambar)
→ Malay: Disember
→ Maori: Tīhema
→ Marathi: डिसेंबर (ḍisembar)
→ Swahili: Desemba, Disemba
→ Tokelauan: Tēhema
Scots: December

→ Romanian: decembrie

→ Albanian: dhjetor (calque)

→ Cimbrian: sègante maanont (calque)

Unsorted borrowings

Africa

Northern and Horn

Amharic: ዲሴምበር (disembär)

Kabyle: dujember

Somali: Diseembar

Subsaharan

Ewe: Dezember

Igbo: Disemba

Kongo: desembele

Lingala: dɛsɛ́mbɛ

Malagasy: Desambra

Tumbuka: disembala

Wolof: Disembar

Americas

Greenlandic: decembari

Inuktitut: ᑎᓯᒻᐳᕆ (tisimpori)

Asia and Oceania

Central and Western Asia

Arabic: دِيسَمْبَر (dīsambar)

Georgian: დეკემბერი (deḳemberi)

Hebrew: דצמבר (detzémber)

South Asia

Gujarati: ડિસેમ્બર (ḍisembar)

Kannada: ಡಿಸೆಂಬರ್ (ḍisembar)

Odia: ଡିସେମ୍ବର (ḍisembara)

desc

Pashto: سامبر (disãmbar), دسمبر (desambar)

Sinhalese: දෙසැම්බර් (desæmbar)

Tamil: டிசம்பர் (ṭicampar)

Telugu: డిసెంబరు (ḍisembaru)

Southeast Asia and Oceania

Balinese: Désémber

Banjarese: Disimbir

Fijian: Tiseba

Gilbertese: Ritembwa

Gorontalo: Desember

Javanese: Dhésèmber

Minangkabau: Desember

Samoan: tesema

Sundanese: Désémber

Tahitian: tītema

Europe

Hungarian: december

Baltic

Latvian: decembris

Livonian: detsembõr

Germanic

Danish: december

desctree

Dutch: december
Afrikaans: Desember
Negerhollands: december
→ Caribbean Hindustani: desambar
→ Caribbean Javanese: désèmber
→ Indonesian: Desember
→ Papiamentu: desèmber
→ Trió: risenpë

Dutch Low Saxon: december

Faroese: desember

German Low German: Dezember

Icelandic: desember

Kölsch: Dezemmber, Dezämber, Dezämmbo

Limburgish: dieëtsember, desember

North Frisian: deetsember, detsämber

Norwegian: desember

Saterland Frisian: Dezember

Swedish: december

West Flemish: december

West Frisian: desimber

Slavic

Bulgarian: декември (dekemvri)

Lower Sorbian: december

Macedonian: декември (dekemvri)

Carpathian Rusyn: децембер (december)

Serbo-Croatian: decembar / децембар

Slovak: december

Slovene: december

Upper Sorbian: december

By syncope from earlier *decumo-mēmbris, analogically to septem : September, from earlier *decumo-mēnsris "of the tenth month", from the ordinal stem decem (“ten”) + *mēnsris, from mens- (“month”) + -ris. In the Roman calendar, the year began with Mārtius (“March”), and December was the tenth month of the year.

1283 — Tomazina de Savere, published in Josip Lučić (1984) Spisi Dubrovačke Kancelarije, Knjiga II, page 310.
Die tercio decembris — On the third day of December

(please add an English translation of this quotation)


September

la-proper noun

September m sg (genitive Septembris); third declension

Septembris (genitive)
September (nominative singular)
Septembris (genitive singular)
Septembrī (dative singular)
Septembrem (accusative singular)
Septembre (ablative singular)
September (singular vocative)

Franco-Provençal: septembro

Gallo-Italic

Emilian: setèmber

Ligurian: settembre

Lombard: setember

Piedmontese: sëtembr, sëtèmber

Italo-Dalmatian

desc

Corsican: settembre, sittembri, sittembru

Italian: settembre

Neapolitan: settiembre, settembre

Tarantino: settèmmre

desctree

Sicilian: sittèmmiru, sittembri
→ Maltese: Settembru (from the variant sittembru)

Old French: setembre, sietembre, septembre, septenbre
Norman: setembre, s'tembre
Walloon: setimbe
→ Old English: september
Middle English: Septembre, September, Septenbre
English: September (see there for further descendants)
Scots: September

Old Occitan:

Gascon: seteme

Catalan: setembre

Occitan: setembre

Rhaeto-Romance

Friulian: Setembar

Ladin: setember

desc

Romansch: settember, satember (Sutsilvan)

Venetan: setenbre

West Iberian

Extremaduran: setiembri

Aragonese: setiembre

Old Leonese:

Asturian: setiembre

Leonese: setiembre

Mirandese: Setembre

desctree

Old Galician-Portuguese: setembro, setenbro, setenbre
Galician: setembro
Portuguese: setembro (see there for further descendants)

Old Spanish:

Ladino: septembre / סיפטימברי

Spanish: setiembre; septiembre (semi-learned) (see there for further descendants)

desc

→ Ancient Greek: Σεπτέμβριος (Septémbrios) (see there for further descendants)

desctree

→ French: septembre
Guianese Creole: sèptanm
Haitian Creole: septanm
→ Iranian Persian: سپتامبر (septâmbr)
→ South Azerbaijani: سئپتامبر (septambr)
→ Tunisian Arabic: سبتمبر (septōmbr)

→ Middle High German: september, ougste, oust, ouwest, owest
Alemannic German: Septämber
Bavarian: Septemba
Central Franconian:
Kölsch: Sepptämmber
Luxembourgish: September
Cimbrian: septembar, septembre (Luserna)
German: September
→ Estonian: september
→ Hunsrik: September
→ Kashubian: zeptember
Pennsylvania German: September
Yiddish: סעפּטעמבער (september)

→ Norman:

Jersey: september

Guernsey: séptember

Sark: septãb

→ Albanian: shtator (calque)

→? Albanian: britm

→ Cimbrian: zibante maanont (calque)

Unsorted borrowings

Africa

Northern and Horn

Amharic: ሰፕቴምበር (säptembär)

Egyptian Arabic: سبتمبر (septamber)

Kabyle: ctember

Somali: Septeembar

Subsaharan

Ewe: September

Igbo: Septemba

Malagasy: Septambra

Tumbuka: seputembala

Wolof: Sattumbar

Americas

Greenlandic: septembari

Inuktitut: ᓯᑎᒻᐳᕆ (sitimpori)

Asia and Oceania

Central and Western Asia

Arabic: سبتمبر (sibtimbir)

Hebrew: ספטמבר (septémber)

South Asia

Assamese: ছেপ্টেম্বৰ (septembor)

desc

ސެޕްޓެމްބަރު

Dhivehi: ސެޕްޓެމްބަރު (sepṭem̊baru)

Kannada: ಸೆಪ್ಟೆಂಬರ್ (sepṭembar)

Malayalam: സെപ്റ്റംബർ (sepṟṟambaṟ)

Odia: ସେପ୍ଟେମ୍ବର (sepṭembara)

Pashto: ستمبر (setámbr), سپتامبر (septãmbár), سپتمبر (septambár)

Sinhalese: සැප්තැම්බර් (sæptæmbar)

Tamil: செப்டம்பர் (cepṭampar)

Telugu: సెప్టెంబరు (sepṭembaru)

Southeast Asia and Oceania

Balinese: Séptémber

Banjarese: Siptimbir

Chamorro: Septembre

Fijian: Sepiteba

Gilbertese: Tebetembwa

Gorontalo: September

Javanese: Sèptèmber

Minangkabau: September

Samoan: setema

Sundanese: Séptémber

Tahitian: tetepa

Europe

Hungarian: szeptember

Baltic

Latvian: septembris

Livonian: septembõr

Germanic

Danish: september

desctree

Dutch: september
Afrikaans: September
Negerhollands: september
→? Caribbean Hindustani: sitambar
→ Indonesian: September
→ Papiamentu: sèptèmber
→ Trió: sepenpë

Dutch Low Saxon: september

Faroese: september

German Low German: September

Icelandic: september

Limburgish: septèmber

North Frisian: september, septämber

Norwegian: september

Saterland Frisian: September

Swedish: september

West Flemish: september

West Frisian: septimber

Dalecarlian: ᛁᛆᚠᛐᛆᛘᛒᛆᚱ, ᛌᛆᚠᛐᛘᛒᚱ (seftember)

Slavic

Bulgarian: септември (septemvri)

Lower Sorbian: september

Macedonian: септември (septemvri)

Carpathian Rusyn: септембер (september)

Serbo-Croatian: septembar / септембар

Slovak: september

Slovene: september

Upper Sorbian: september

By haplology from earlier *septemo-mēmbris (“of or pertaining to the seventh month”), from Proto-Italic *septemo-mēnzris, from septem (“seven”) + *mēnsris, from mens- (“month”) + -ris. In the Roman calendar, the year began with Mārtius (“March”), and September was the seventh month of the year.

Mando itaque vobis, ut octavo Idus Septembris sitis apud matrem vestram ecclesiam Cantuariensem, ad faciendum quod facere debetis, et ad suspiciendam consecrationem vestram.

1938 [1108], “Ad Thomam electum archiepiscopum Eboracensem”, in S. Anselmi cantuariensis archiepiscopi opera omnia, volume 5th, page 390:


October

la-proper noun

Octōber m sg (genitive Octōbris); third declension

Octōber (canonical masculine singular)
Octōbris (genitive)
Octōber (nominative singular)
Octōbris (genitive singular)
Octōbrī (dative singular)
Octōbrem (accusative singular)
Octōbrī (ablative singular)
Octōber (singular vocative)

Gallo-Italic

Emilian: otòber, utòber

Ligurian: ottobre

Lombard: utuber, utùer

Piedmontese: octóber

Italo-Dalmatian

Corsican: uttrovi, ottobre

Italian: ottobre

Neapolitan: ottómbre, attrufe

Tarantino: ottommre

Sicilian: uttùviru

→ Maltese: Ottubru

Gallo-Romance

Old Francoprovençal: oitoiro, otoiro, oitembro

Franco-Provençal: octoiro

Old French: oitovre, uitovre, oituevre

Old Occitan: ochoire, oitor, uidor

Old Catalan: vuitubri, uitubri

Catalan: vuitubre (Eivissenc)

Rhaeto-Romance

Friulian: Otubar

Ladin: otober, utober

Romansch: october, otgover

Venetan: otobre
→ Cimbrian: otobre

West Iberian

Extremaduran: outubri, otubri

Aragonese: otubre

Old Leonese:

Asturian: ochobre

Mirandese: Outubre

desctree

Old Galician-Portuguese: oytubro, oitubro, oytubre, outubro
Galician: outubro
Portuguese: outubro (see there for further descendants)

Old Spanish: ochubre

Ladino: ochobre

Borrowings

desc

→ Ancient Greek: Ὀκτώβριος (Oktṓbrios), Ὀκτώμβριος (Oktṓmbrios) (see there for further descendants)

desctree

→ Middle High German: octōber
Alemannic German: Oktoober
Bavarian: Oktoba
Central Franconian:
Hunsrik: Oktover
Kölsch: Oktoober
Luxembourgish: Oktober
Cimbrian: oktòbar
German: Oktober, October
→ Estonian: oktoober
Pennsylvania German: Oktower
Yiddish: אָקטאָבער (oktober)

Romance

Aragonese: octubre (semi-learned)

Catalan: octubre

Ladino: oktubre (semi-learned)

Occitan: octobre

Old French: octobre
French: octobre
Guianese Creole: òktòb
Haitian Creole: oktòb
→ Iranian Persian: اکتبر (oktobr)
→ South Azerbaijani: اوْکتوْبر (oktobr)
→ Tunisian Arabic: أكتوبر (oktōbr)
Norman:
Cotentin: octobe
Jersey: octobre
Guernsey: octobre
Sark: oktobr
Walloon: octôbe
→ Middle English: October
English: October (see there for further descendants)
Scots: October

Spanish: octubre (semi-learned) (see there for further descendants)

→ Albanian: tetor (calque)

→ Cimbrian: achte maanont (calque)

Unsorted borrowings

Africa

Northern and Horn

Amharic: ኦክተውበር (ʾoktäwbär)

Kabyle: tuber

Somali: Oktoobar

Subsaharan

Ewe: Ɔktober

Malagasy: Oktobra

Tumbuka: okutobala

Wolof: Oktoobar

Americas

Greenlandic: oktobari

Inuktitut: ᐅᒃᑐᐳᕆ (oktopori)

Asia and Oceania

Central and Western Asia

Arabic: أكتوبر (ʔuktōbir,ʔuktōbar)

desc

Hebrew: אוקטובר

Hebrew: אוקטובר

South Asia

Dhivehi: އޮކްޓޫބަރު (ok̊ṭūbaru)

Kannada: ಅಕ್ಟೋಬರ್ (akṭōbar)

Marathi: ऑक्टोबर (ŏkṭobar)

Odia: ଅକ୍ଟୋବର (akṭobara)

Pashto: اکټوبر (akṭóbár)

Sinhalese: ඔක්තෝබර් (oktōbar)

Telugu: అక్టోబరు (akṭōbaru)

Southeast Asia and Oceania

Balinese: Oktober

Banjarese: Uktubir

Fijian: okotova

Gilbertese: Okitobwa

Gorontalo: Oktober

Gujarati: ઓક્ટોબર (okṭobar)

Javanese: Oktober

Minangkabau: Oktober

Samoan: oketopa

Sundanese: Oktober

Tahitian: ’ātopa

Europe

Hungarian: október

Baltic

Latvian: oktobris

Livonian: oktōbõr

Germanic

Danish: oktober

desctree

Dutch: oktober, october (before 1996)
Afrikaans: Oktober
Negerhollands: october
→ Caribbean Hindustani: aktobar
→ Indonesian: Oktober
→ Papiamentu: òktober
→ Trió: akëtopë

Dutch Low Saxon: oktober

Faroese: oktober

German Low German: Oktober

Icelandic: október

Limburgish: óktoeaber

North Frisian: oktuuber, uktoober

Norwegian: oktober

Saterland Frisian: Oktober

Swedish: oktober

West Flemish: oktober

West Frisian: oktober

Slavic

Bulgarian: октомври (oktomvri)

Lower Sorbian: oktober

Macedonian: октомври (oktomvri)

Carpathian Rusyn: октобер (oktober)

Serbo-Croatian: oktobar / октобар

Slovak: október

Slovene: oktober

Upper Sorbian: oktober

By analogy with September, as if from octō and a suffix -ber. In the Roman calendar, the year began with Mārtius (“March”), and Octōber was the eighth month of the year.


November

la-proper noun

November m sg (genitive Novembris); third declension

Novembris (genitive)
November (nominative singular)
Novembris (genitive singular)
Novembrī (dative singular)
Novembrem (accusative singular)
Novembrī (ablative singular)
November (singular vocative)

Franco-Provençal: novembro

Gallo-Italic

Emilian: novèmber, nuvèmber

Ligurian: novénbre

Lombard: nuember, noèmber

Piedmontese: novèmber

Italo-Dalmatian

Corsican: nuvembre, nuvembri, novembre

Italian: novembre
→ Cimbrian: novembre

Neapolitan: nuvèmbre

Tarantino: novèmmre

desc

Sicilian: nuvembri, nuvèmmiru, nuvèmmuru

→ Maltese: Novembru

desctree

Old French: novembre
Franc-Comtois: nôvembre
French: novembre
Guianese Creole: novanm
Haitian Creole: novanm
→ Iranian Persian: نوامبر (novâmbr)
→ South Azerbaijani: نوْوامبر (novambr)
→ Tunisian Arabic: نوفمبر (novōmbr)
Norman:
Cotentin: novembe
Guernsey: novembre
Jersey: Novembre
Sark: novãbr
Walloon: nôvimbe
→ Middle English: Novembre
English: November (see there for further descendants)
Scots: November

Old Occitan:

Gascon: noveme

Occitan: novembre

Old Catalan: noembre

Catalan: novembre

Rhaeto-Romance

Friulian: Novembar

Ladin: november, nuvember

Romansch: november

Venetan: novenbre

West Iberian

Extremaduran: noviembri

Aragonese: noviembre

Old Leonese:

Asturian: noviembre

Mirandese: Nobembre

Old Galician-Portuguese: novembro, novenbro, novembre
Galician: novembro
Portuguese: novembro (see there for further descendants)

Old Spanish:

Ladino: noviembre, novyembre

Spanish: noviembre (see there for further descendants)

→ Koine Greek: Νοέμβριος (Noémbrios)
Greek: Νοέμβριος (Noémvrios), Νοέμβρης (Noémvris)
→ Old Armenian: նոյեմբեր (noyember), նոյենբեր (noyenber), նովեմբեր (november) (partially)
Armenian: նոյեմբեր (noyember)
→ Georgian: ნოემბერი (noemberi)
→ Aromanian: Nuembru (partially)
→ Old Church Slavonic: ноѩбрь (nojębrĭ)
→ Old East Slavic: ноꙗбрь (nojabrĭ)
Russian: ноябрь (nojabrʹ) (see there for further descendants)
→ Romanian: noiembrie
→ Coptic: ⲛⲟⲉⲙⲃⲣⲓⲟⲥ (noembrios)

→ Gothic: 𐌽𐌰𐌿𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌼𐌱𐌰𐌹𐍂 (naubaimbair)

→ Albanian: nëntor (calque)

→ Cimbrian: nòinte maanont (calque)

Borrowings

→ Middle High German: november
Alemannic German: Novämber
Bavarian: Novemba
Central Franconian:
Kölsch: Novemmber, Novvämmbe, Novëmmbo
Luxembourgish: November
Cimbrian: november
German: November
→ Estonian: november
→ Hunsrik: November
→ Kashubian: nowember
Pennsylvania German: November
Yiddish: נאָוועמבער (november)

Unsorted borrowings

Africa

Northern and Horn

Amharic: ኖቬምበር (novembär)

Egyptian Arabic: نوفمبر (novamber)

desc

Kabyle: wamber, nwamber, nunber, nunember

Somali: Nofeembar

Subsaharan

Ewe: Nɔvember

Malagasy: Novambra

Tumbuka: novembala

Wolof: Nowembar

Americas

Greenlandic: novembari

Inuktitut: ᓄᕕᒻᐳᕆ (nofimpori)

Asia and Oceania

Central and Western Asia

Arabic: نُوفِمْبِر (nūfimbir)

Hebrew: נובמבר (novémber)

South Asia

Kannada: ನವೆಂಬರ್ (navembar)

Odia: ନଭେମ୍ବର (nabhembara)

Pashto: نومبر (nowambár)

Sinhalese: නොවැම්බර් (nowæmbar)

Tamil: நவம்பர் (navampar)

Telugu: నవంబరు (navambaru)

Urdu: نومبر (navambar)

Southeast Asia and Oceania

Balinese: Nopémber

Banjarese: Nupimbir

Fijian: Noveba

Gilbertese: Nobembwa

Gorontalo: Nopember

Minangkabau: Nopember

Samoan: novema

Sundanese: Nopémber

Tahitian: novema

Europe

Hungarian: november

Baltic

Latvian: novembris

Livonian: novembõr

Germanic

Danish: november

desctree

Dutch: november
Afrikaans: November
Negerhollands: november
→ Caribbean Hindustani: nowambar
→ Caribbean Javanese: Nopèmber
→ Indonesian: November
→ Papiamentu: novèmber, november
→ Trió: nopenpë

Dutch Low Saxon: november

Faroese: november

German Low German: November

Icelandic: nóvember

Limburgish: nevèmber

North Frisian: nofember, nowämber

Norwegian: november

Swedish: november

West Flemish: November

West Frisian: novimber

Slavic

Bulgarian: ноември (noemvri)

Lower Sorbian: nowember

Macedonian: ноември (noemvri)

Carpathian Rusyn: новембер (november)

Serbo-Croatian: novembar / новембар

Slovak: november

Slovene: november

Upper Sorbian: nowember

By haplology from earlier *nove(m)-mēmbris (“of or pertaining to the ninth month”), from earlier *novem-mēnsris, from novem (“nine”) + *mēnsris, from mens- (“month”) + -ris. In the Roman calendar, the year began with Mārtius (“March”), and November was the ninth month of the year.

1283 — Tomazina de Savere, published in Josip Lučić (1984) Spisi Dubrovačke Kancelarije, Knjiga II, page 303.
Die septimo nouembris


Belgium

la-proper noun

Belgium n sg (genitive Belgiī or Belgī); second declension

Belgiī (genitive)
Belgī (genitive)
Belgium (nominative singular)
Belgiī (genitive singular)
Belgī (genitive singular)
Belgiō (dative singular)
Belgium (accusative singular)
Belgiō (ablative singular)
Belgium (singular vocative)

→ English: Belgium

→ Bengali: বেলজিয়াম (beljiẏam)

desc

→ Bishnupriya Manipuri: বেলজিয়াম (bēlajiẏām)

→ Burmese: ဘယ်လ်ဂျီယမ် (bhailgyiyam)

→ Dhivehi: ބެލްޖިއަމް (beljiam̊)

→ Dzongkha: བེལ་ཇིཡམ་ (bel jiym)

→ Ewe: Belgium

→ Gujarati: બેલ્જિયમ (beljiyam)

→ Hawaiian: Pelekiuma

→ Hindi: बेल्जियम (beljiyam)

→ Ilocano: Belgium

→ Kamba: Belgium

→ Kapampangan: Belgium

→ Luhya: Belgium

→ Malay: Belgium

→ Malayalam: ബെൽജിയം (beljiyaṁ)

→ Maori: Peratiamu

→ Marathi: बेल्जियम (beljiyam)

→ Meru: Belgium

→ Nauruan: Belgium

→ Nepali: बेल्जियम (beljiyam)

→ Sanskrit: बेल्जियम (beljiyama)

→ Tamil: பெல்ஜியம் (peljiyam)

→ Telugu: బెల్జియం (beljiyaṁ)

→ Thai: เบลเยียม (beel-yîiam)

→ Tok Pisin: Beljiam

→ Urdu: بلجئیم (beljiyam)

→ Yoruba: Belgium

→ Esperanto: Belgio

Friulian: Belgjo

→ Greek: Βέλγιο (Vélgio)

→ Hungarian: Belgium

→ Interlingua: Belgio

Italian: Belgio

Ligurian: Belgiò

→ Scots: Belgium

Sicilian: Belgiu

→ Silesian: Belgijo

Venetan: Belgio

[ˈbɛɫ̪ɡiʊ̃ˑ]

Synonym of Belgica: Belgium (a country in Western Europe that has borders with the Netherlands, Germany, Luxembourg and France)


Libya

la-proper noun

Libya f sg (genitive Libyae); first declension

Libyae (genitive)
Libya (nominative singular)
Libyae (genitive singular)
Libyae (dative singular)
Libyam (accusative singular)
Libyā (ablative singular)
Libya (singular vocative)

→ English: Libya

Norman: Libye

Africa, i.e. the part of North Africa known in classical antiquity

(New Latin) Libya (a country in North Africa)


Austria

Austria f sg (genitive Austriae); first declension

Austriae (genitive)
Austria (nominative singular)
Austriae (genitive singular)
Austriae (dative singular)
Austriam (accusative singular)
Austriā (ablative singular)
Austria (singular vocative)

From auster (“south”) + -ia, a phono-semantic matching of Middle High German Ōsterrīche, from Old High German Ōstarrīhhi. The first element of the High German word is Proto-Germanic *austraz (“eastern”), cognate with Latin auster, but of different sense. The formation nevertheless makes sense because Austria is located in the south-east of the German-speaking lands.

phono-semantic matching

FRANCISCVS I · AVSTRIÆ IMPERATOR
Francis I · Emperor of Austria

(New Latin) Austria (a country in Central Europe)


Cambodia

la-proper noun

Cambodia f sg (genitive Cambodiae); first declension

Cambodiae (genitive)
Cambodia (nominative singular)
Cambodiae (genitive singular)
Cambodiae (dative singular)
Cambodiam (accusative singular)
Cambodiā (ablative singular)
Cambodia (singular vocative)

(New Latin) Cambodia (a country in Southeast Asia)


Argentina

Argentīna f sg (genitive Argentīnae); first declension

Argentīna (canonical feminine singular)
Argentīnae (genitive)
Argentīna (nominative singular)
Argentīnae (genitive singular)
Argentīnae (dative singular)
Argentīnam (accusative singular)
Argentīnā (ablative singular)
Argentīna (singular vocative)

[ärɡɛn̪ˈt̪iːnä]

Calque of Spanish Argentina, from argentum (“silver”) + -īna.

(New Latin) Argentina (a country in South America)


Bulgaria

Bulgaria f sg (genitive Bulgariae); first declension

Bulgariae (genitive)
Bulgaria (nominative singular)
Bulgariae (genitive singular)
Bulgariae (dative singular)
Bulgariam (accusative singular)
Bulgariā (ablative singular)
Bulgaria (singular vocative)

⇒ Georgian: ბულგარეთი (bulgareti)

Southeast Europe
Southeast Europe#English

(Medieval Latin, New Latin) Bulgaria (a country in Southeast Europe)


Bolivia

Bolivia f sg (genitive Boliviae); first declension

Boliviae (genitive)
Bolivia (nominative singular)
Boliviae (genitive singular)
Boliviae (dative singular)
Boliviam (accusative singular)
Boliviā (ablative singular)
Bolivia (singular vocative)

(New Latin) Bolivia (a country in South America)


Nicaragua

Nicaragua f sg (genitive Nicaraguae); first declension

Nicaraguae (genitive)
Nicaragua (nominative singular)
Nicaraguae (genitive singular)
Nicaraguae (dative singular)
Nicaraguam (accusative singular)
Nicaraguā (ablative singular)
Nicaragua (singular vocative)

[nɪkäˈräɡuä]

(New Latin) Nicaragua (a country in Central America)


Estonia

Estonia f sg (genitive Estoniae); first declension

Estoniae (genitive)
Estonia (nominative singular)
Estoniae (genitive singular)
Estoniae (dative singular)
Estoniam (accusative singular)
Estoniā (ablative singular)
Estonia (singular vocative)

Possibly derived from the tribal name Aestī described by the Roman historian Tacitus in his Germania (ca. 98 AD).

(Medieval Latin, New Latin) Estonia (a country in Europe)


Mauritania

Maurītānia f sg (genitive Maurītāniae); first declension

Maurītānia (canonical feminine singular)
Maurītāniae (genitive)
Maurītānia (nominative singular)
Maurītāniae (genitive singular)
Maurītāniae (dative singular)
Maurītāniam (accusative singular)
Maurītāniā (ablative singular)
Maurītānia (singular vocative)

→ English: Mauritania

From Maurītānus (“Mauritanian, [one] of the Moors”) + -ia (country name forming suffix). The first element is from Maurus (“Moor”), from Ancient Greek Μαῦρος (Maûros), the second from Ancient Greek -ίᾱ (-íā).

affix

(New Latin) Mauritania (a country in West Africa)


Indonesia

la-proper noun

Indonēsia f sg (genitive Indonēsiae); first declension

Indonēsia (canonical feminine singular)
Indonēsiae (genitive)
Indonēsia (nominative singular)
Indonēsiae (genitive singular)
Indonēsiae (dative singular)
Indonēsiam (accusative singular)
Indonēsiā (ablative singular)
Indonēsia (singular vocative)
Indonēsiae (locative singular)

[ɪn̪d̪ɔˈneːs̠iä]

(New Latin) Indonesia (a country and archipelago in maritime Southeast Asia)


Namibia

Namibia f sg (genitive Namibiae); first declension

Namibiae (genitive)
Namibia (nominative singular)
Namibiae (genitive singular)
Namibiae (dative singular)
Namibiam (accusative singular)
Namibiā (ablative singular)
Namibia (singular vocative)

(New Latin) Namibia (a country in Southern Africa)


Nigeria

Nigēria f sg (genitive Nigēriae); first declension

Nigēria (canonical feminine singular)
Nigēriae (genitive)
Nigēria (nominative singular)
Nigēriae (genitive singular)
Nigēriae (dative singular)
Nigēriam (accusative singular)
Nigēriā (ablative singular)
Nigēria (singular vocative)

(New Latin) Nigeria (a country in West Africa, south of the country of Niger)


Andorra

Andorra f sg (genitive Andorrae); first declension

Andorrae (genitive)
Andorra (nominative singular)
Andorrae (genitive singular)
Andorrae (dative singular)
Andorram (accusative singular)
Andorrā (ablative singular)
Andorra (singular vocative)
Andorrae (locative singular)

(New Latin) Andorra (a microstate in Southern Europe, between Spain and France)


Liberia

Līberia f sg (genitive Līberiae); first declension

Līberia (canonical feminine singular)
Līberiae (genitive)
Līberia (nominative singular)
Līberiae (genitive singular)
Līberiae (dative singular)
Līberiam (accusative singular)
Līberiā (ablative singular)
Līberia (singular vocative)

(New Latin) Liberia (a country in West Africa)


Guatemala

Guā̆tē̆mā̆la f sg (genitive Guā̆tē̆mā̆lae); first declension

Guā̆tē̆mā̆la (canonical feminine singular)
Guā̆tē̆mā̆lae (genitive)
Guā̆tē̆mā̆la (nominative singular)
Guā̆tē̆mā̆lae (genitive singular)
Guā̆tē̆mā̆lae (dative singular)
Guā̆tē̆mā̆lam (accusative singular)
Guā̆tē̆mā̆lā (ablative singular)
Guā̆tē̆mā̆la (singular vocative)
Guā̆tē̆mā̆lae (locative singular)

[ɡʷäːt̪eːˈmäːɫ̪ä]

[ɡʷäˈt̪ɛmäɫ̪ä]

[ɡwät̪eˈmäːlä]

[ɡwäˈt̪ɛːmälä]

Borrowed from Spanish Guatemala, from Classical Nahuatl Cuauhtēmallān.

(New Latin) Guatemala (a country in Central America)


Zambia

Zambia f sg (genitive Zambiae); first declension

Zambiae (genitive)
Zambia (nominative singular)
Zambiae (genitive singular)
Zambiae (dative singular)
Zambiam (accusative singular)
Zambiā (ablative singular)
Zambia (singular vocative)

(New Latin) Zambia (a country in Southern Africa)


Tanzania

Tanzania f sg (genitive Tanzaniae); first declension

Tanzaniae (genitive)
Tanzania (nominative singular)
Tanzaniae (genitive singular)
Tanzaniae (dative singular)
Tanzaniam (accusative singular)
Tanzaniā (ablative singular)
Tanzania (singular vocative)

(New Latin) Tanzania (a country in East Africa)


Slovenia

Slovēnia f sg (genitive Slovēniae); first declension

Slovēnia (canonical feminine singular)
Slovēniae (genitive)
Slovēnia (nominative singular)
Slovēniae (genitive singular)
Slovēniae (dative singular)
Slovēniam (accusative singular)
Slovēniā (ablative singular)
Slovēnia (singular vocative)

Balkan Peninsula
Balkan Peninsula#English

(New Latin) Slovenia (a country on the Balkan Peninsula in Central Europe)


Gambia

Gambia f sg (genitive Gambiae); first declension

Gambiae (genitive)
Gambia (nominative singular)
Gambiae (genitive singular)
Gambiae (dative singular)
Gambiam (accusative singular)
Gambiā (ablative singular)
Gambia (singular vocative)

(New Latin) Gambia (a country in West Africa)


Cuba

Cuba f sg (genitive Cubae); first declension

Cubae (genitive)
Cuba (nominative singular)
Cubae (genitive singular)
Cubae (dative singular)
Cubam (accusative singular)
Cubā (ablative singular)
Cuba (singular vocative)

(Roman mythology) The goddess who protects the lying down of children


Cuba

Cū̆ba f sg (genitive Cū̆bae); first declension

Cū̆ba (canonical feminine singular)
Cū̆bae (genitive)
Cū̆ba (nominative singular)
Cū̆bae (genitive singular)
Cū̆bae (dative singular)
Cū̆bam (accusative singular)
Cū̆bā (ablative singular)
Cū̆ba (singular vocative)
Cū̆bae (locative singular)

(New Latin) Cuba (an island and country in the Caribbean)


Niger

Niger m (genitive Nigrī); second declension

Nigrī (genitive)
Niger (nominative singular)
Nigrī (nominative plural)
Nigrī (genitive singular)
Nigrōrum (genitive plural)
Nigrō (dative singular)
Nigrīs (dative plural)
Nigrum (accusative singular)
Nigrōs (accusative plural)
Nigrō (ablative singular)
Nigrīs (ablative plural)
Niger (singular vocative)
Nigrī (plural vocative)

(Marcus Valerius Messalla Niger, Aquilius Niger)http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0059%3Aentry%3DNi^ger2


Niger

Niger m sg (genitive Nigris); third declension

Nigris (genitive)
Niger (nominative singular)
Nigris (genitive singular)
Nigrī (dative singular)
Nigrim (accusative singular)
Nigre (ablative singular)
Niger (singular vocative)

Efficit autem hoc suo flexu, ut etiam ultra Athlantem Africa ad usque Nigrim fluuium excurrat, Plinio & Ptolemaeo.

1534, Joachim Vadianus, Epitome trium terrae partium Asiae, Africae et Europae compendiariam...:

Niger (a major river in West Africa, that flows into the Gulf of Guinea in Nigeria)


Cyprus

Cyprus f sg (genitive Cyprī); second declension

Cyprī (genitive)
Cyprus (nominative singular)
Cyprī (genitive singular)
Cyprō (dative singular)
Cyprum (accusative singular)
Cyprō (ablative singular)
Cypre (singular vocative)
Cyprī (locative singular)

Cyprus (an island and country in the Mediterranean Sea, normally considered politically part of Southeast Europe but geographically part of Western Asia)


Israel

Isrāēl m sg (variously declined, genitive Isrāēl or Isrāēlis); indeclinable, third declension

Isrāēl (canonical masculine singular)
Isrāēl (genitive)
Isrāēlis (genitive)
Isrāēl (nominative singular)
Isrāēl (genitive singular)
Isrāēlis (genitive singular)
Isrāēl (dative singular)
Isrāēlī (dative singular)
Isrāēl (accusative singular)
Isrāēlem (accusative singular)
Isrāēl (ablative singular)
Isrāēle (ablative singular)
Isrāēl (singular vocative)

Asturian: Israel

Catalan: Israel

→ Old Dutch: israel

Middle Dutch: israel

desctree

Dutch: Israël
Afrikaans: Israel
→ Indonesian: Israel

→ English: Israel, Yisrael, Israhel
→ Japanese: イスラエル (Isuraeru)

French: Israël

Galician: Israel

→ German: Israel

→ Old Irish: Israhél, Israél
Irish: Iosrael
Manx: Israel
Scottish Gaelic: Iosrael

Norman: Israël

Portuguese: Israel

Romanian: Israel

Spanish: Israel

[ɪs̠ˈräːeːɫ̪]

Borrowed from Koine Greek Ἰσρᾱήλ (Isrāḗl), from Biblical Hebrew יִשְׂרָאֵל (Yiśrāʾēl). The spelling Istrāhēl, from Ἰστρᾱήλ (Istrāḗl), was predominant until the dissemination of Jerome’s Vulgate (5th century CE), which popularized Isrāhēl. The h was gradually lost thereafter.

bor+

At ille: Nequaquam, inquit, Iacob appellabitur nomen tuum, sed Israhel: quoniam si contra Deum fortis fuisti quanto magis contra homines praevalebis.

(Late Latin, Ecclesiastical Latin) Israel, another name of the patriarch Jacob

(New Latin) Israel (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East, at the eastern shore of the Mediterranean)


Mongolia

la-proper noun

Mongolia f sg (genitive Mongoliae); first declension

Mongoliae (genitive)
Mongolia (nominative singular)
Mongoliae (genitive singular)
Mongoliae (dative singular)
Mongoliam (accusative singular)
Mongoliā (ablative singular)
Mongolia (singular vocative)

[moŋˈɡɔːliä]

(New Latin) Mongolia (a country in East Asia)


Tonga

Tonga f sg (genitive Tongae); first declension

Tongae (genitive)
Tonga (nominative singular)
Tongae (genitive singular)
Tongae (dative singular)
Tongam (accusative singular)
Tongā (ablative singular)
Tonga (singular vocative)
Tongae (locative singular)

(New Latin) Tonga (a country and archipelago in Polynesia in Oceania)


Uganda

Uganda f sg (genitive Ugandae); first declension

Ugandae (genitive)
Uganda (nominative singular)
Ugandae (genitive singular)
Ugandae (dative singular)
Ugandam (accusative singular)
Ugandā (ablative singular)
Uganda (singular vocative)

From Swahili Uganda (“Buganda, subnational kingdom”), from Luganda Buganda (“land of the Ganda”).

der

(New Latin) Uganda (a country in East Africa)


Aruba

la-proper noun

Arūba f sg (genitive Arūbae); first declension

Arūba (canonical feminine singular)
Arūbae (genitive)
Arūba (nominative singular)
Arūbae (genitive singular)
Arūbae (dative singular)
Arūbam (accusative singular)
Arūbā (ablative singular)
Arūba (singular vocative)
Arūbae (locative singular)

(New Latin) Aruba (an island, dependent territory, and constituent country of the Netherlands, in the Caribbean Sea)


Armenia

Armenia f sg (genitive Armeniae); first declension

Armeniae (genitive)
Armenia (nominative singular)
Armeniae (genitive singular)
Armeniae (dative singular)
Armeniam (accusative singular)
Armeniā (ablative singular)
Armenia (singular vocative)
Armeniae (locative singular)

→ English: Armenia

French: Arménie

Italian: Armenia

Portuguese: Arménia, Armênia (Brazil)

Spanish: Armenia

Armenia Maior

Armenia Minor

Non semper imbres nubibus hispidos
manant in agros aut mare Caspium
vexant inaequales procellae
usque nec Armeniis in oris,
amice Valgi, stat glacies iners
mensis per omnis…
The rain, it rains not every day

Not always feels the unequal sway
Of storms, nor on Armenia’s plain,
Dear Valgius, lies the cold dull snow
Through all the year…

Armenia autem Maior incipit a Parihedris montibus, Euphrate amne, ut dictum est, aufertur Cappadociae et, qua discedit Euphrates, Mesopotamiae haut minus claro amne Tigri. utrumque fundit ipsa et initium Mesopotamiae facit inter duos amnes exiturae.

c. 77 CE – 79 CE, Pliny the Elder, Naturalis Historia VI.25

Greater Armenia, beginning at the mountains known as the Paryadres, is separated, as we have already stated, from Cappadocia by the river Euphrates, and, where that river turns off in its course, from Mesopotamia, by the no less famous river Tigris. Both of these rivers take their rise in Armenia, which also forms the commencement of Mesopotamia, a tract of country which lies between these streams.

5th century AD, Saint Jerome, Latin Vulgate, Genesis 8.4

The ark rested in the seventh month, on the seventeenth day of the month, on Armenia’s mountains.

requievitque arca mense septimo vicesima septima die mensis super montes Armeniae

Armenia (an ancient Armenian kingdom in eastern Anatolia, in modern eastern Turkey and Armenia)

(New Latin) Armenia (A country in the South Caucasus region of Asia, sometimes considered to belong politically to Europe)


Syria

Syria f sg (genitive Syriae); first declension

Syriae (genitive)
Syria (nominative singular)
Syriae (genitive singular)
Syriae (dative singular)
Syriam (accusative singular)
Syriā (ablative singular)
Syria (singular vocative)

Asturian: Siria

Catalan: Síria

French: Syrie

→ Irish: An tSiria

Italian: Siria

Portuguese: Síria

Romanian: Siria

Spanish: Siria

Borrowed from the Ancient Greek Συρίᾱ (Suríā, “Syria”).

(historical) Syria (an ancient region in the Levant in Western Asia, roughly coextensive with the modern country of Syria)

(historical) Syria (an ancient Roman province between 64 BCE and 135 CE)

(New Latin) Syria (a country in West Asia, in the Middle East)


Niue

Niuē f sg (genitive Niuēs); first declension

Niuē (canonical feminine singular)
Niuēs (genitive)
Niuē (nominative singular)
Niuēs (genitive singular)
Niuae (dative singular)
Niuēn (accusative singular)
Niuē (ablative singular)
Niuē (singular vocative)
Niuae (locative singular)

(New Latin) Niue (an island and country in Polynesia in Oceania, a self-governing state in free association with New Zealand)


Romania

Rōmānia f sg (genitive Rōmāniae); first declension

Rōmānia (canonical feminine singular)
Rōmāniae (genitive)
Rōmānia (nominative singular)
Rōmāniae (genitive singular)
Rōmāniae (dative singular)
Rōmāniam (accusative singular)
Rōmāniā (ablative singular)
Rōmānia (singular vocative)

q

from a Vulgar Latin variant <i class="Latn mention" lang="la">Rōmănia</i> with a short a in the second syllable

Proto-Brythonic: *rrʉβ̃ėn (from a Vulgar Latin variant Rōmănia with a short a in the second syllable)

Middle Welsh: Ruuein

Welsh: Rhufain

(New Latin) Romania (a country in Southeast Europe)

Nam ego quoque ipse virum quemdam Narbonensem ... audivi, se familiarissimum Ataulpho apud Narbonam fuisse: ac de eo ... didicisse, quod ... referre solitus esset, se in primis ardenter inhiasse: ut, obliterato Romano nomine, Romanum omne sŏlum, Gothorum imperium et faceret et vocaret: essetque, ut vulgariter loquar, Gothia, quod Romania fuisset; fieretque nunc Ataulphus quod quondam Caesar Augustus.

lived ca. 385 CE - ca. 420 CE, Orosius, Historiae adversum paganos 7.43.5

I, too, once heard a man from Narbonne who claimed to be very familiar with Athaulf and who had learned that Athaulf would often say that, more than anything else, he desired this: after eliminating the name of Rome, he would make the entire Roman land subject to Gothic power and call it so, calling (if I may speak vulgarly) what was previously Romania as "Gothia". And so Athaulfus would become what Caesar Augustus once was [i.e. the first emperor of a new empire].

(historical, Medieval Latin) Byzantine Empire


Achilles

la-proper noun

Achillēs m sg (genitive Achillis); third declension

Achillēs (canonical masculine singular)
Achillis (genitive)
Achillēs (nominative singular)
Achillis (genitive singular)
Achillī (dative singular)
Achillem (accusative singular)
Achille (ablative singular)
Achillēs (singular vocative)

[äˈkʰɪlːʲeːs̠]

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Ἀχιλλεύς (Akhilleús).


Somalia

Sōmālia f sg (genitive Sōmāliae); first declension

Sōmālia (canonical feminine singular)
Sōmāliae (genitive)
Sōmālia (nominative singular)
Sōmāliae (genitive singular)
Sōmāliae (dative singular)
Sōmāliam (accusative singular)
Sōmāliā (ablative singular)
Sōmālia (singular vocative)

(New Latin) Somalia (a country in East Africa, in the Horn of Africa)


Burkina Faso

Burkīna Fasō f sg (variously declined, genitive Burkīnae Fasōnis); first declension, third declension

Burkīna Fasō (canonical feminine singular)
Burkīnae Fasōnis (genitive)
Burkīna Fasō (nominative singular)
Burkīnae Fasōnis (genitive singular)
Burkīnae Fasōnī (dative singular)
Burkīnam Fasōnem (accusative singular)
Burkīnā Fasōne (ablative singular)
Burkīna Fasō (singular vocative)
Burkīnae Fasōnī (locative singular)
Burkīnae Fasōne (locative singular)

(New Latin) Burkina Faso (a country in West Africa, formerly Upper Volta)


Dominica

Dominica f (genitive Dominicae); first declension

Dominicae (genitive)
Dominica (nominative singular)
Dominicae (nominative plural)
Dominicae (genitive singular)
Dominicārum (genitive plural)
Dominicae (dative singular)
Dominicīs (dative plural)
Dominicam (accusative singular)
Dominicās (accusative plural)
Dominicā (ablative singular)
Dominicīs (ablative plural)
Dominica (singular vocative)
Dominicae (plural vocative)
Dominicae (locative singular)
Dominicīs (locative plural)

[d̪ɔˈmɪnɪkä]

Ellipsis of diēs Dominica (“Lord’s Day, day of the Lord, Sunday”), used for the island of Dominica since it was sighted by Christopher Columbus on a Sunday.

ellipsis

Excipiuntur Dominicæ contingentes in Festo Exaltationis sanctæ Crucis

1717, Breviarium Sacri Ordinis Cartusiensis [Breviary of the Holy Carthusian Order]:

Sundays coincident with the Feast of the Exaltation of the Holy Cross are excepted

(New Latin) Dominica (an island and country in the Caribbean)


Albania

la-proper noun

Albānia f sg (genitive Albāniae); first declension

Albānia (canonical feminine singular)
Albāniae (genitive)
Albānia (nominative singular)
Albāniae (genitive singular)
Albāniae (dative singular)
Albāniam (accusative singular)
Albāniā (ablative singular)
Albānia (singular vocative)

⇒ Russian: Алба́нія (Albánija) (Pre-reform orthography (1918)), Алба́ния (Albánija)

[äɫ̪ˈbäːniä]

Borrowed from Byzantine Greek Ἀλβανία (Albanía) (or Old Irish Albu, Albain, Alban for the "Scotland" sense).

(Medieval Latin, New Latin) Albania (a country in Southeast Europe)


India

India f sg (genitive Indiae); first declension

Indiae (genitive)
India (nominative singular)
Indiae (genitive singular)
Indiae (dative singular)
Indiam (accusative singular)
Indiā (ablative singular)
India (singular vocative)

Sicilian: Ìnnia

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Ἰνδία (Indía), from Ancient Greek Ἰνδός (Indós, “the Indus river”), from Old Persian 𐏃𐎡𐎯𐎢𐏁 (hiⁿdūš), from Proto-Iranian *hínduš, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *síndʰuš (“river”), of uncertain origin.

der

(Late Latin) (chiefly historical, proscribed in modern use) India (a region of South Asia, traditionally delimited by the Himalayas and the Indus river; the Indian subcontinent)

(New Latin) India (a country in South Asia)


Croatia

la-proper noun

Croātia f sg (genitive Croātiae); first declension

Croātia (canonical feminine singular)
Croātiae (genitive)
Croātia (nominative singular)
Croātiae (genitive singular)
Croātiae (dative singular)
Croātiam (accusative singular)
Croātiā (ablative singular)
Croātia (singular vocative)

(Medieval Latin, New Latin) Croatia (a country on the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe)


Panama

Panama f sg (genitive Panamae); first declension

Panamae (genitive)
Panama (nominative singular)
Panamae (genitive singular)
Panamae (dative singular)
Panamam (accusative singular)
Panamā (ablative singular)
Panama (singular vocative)
Panamae (locative singular)

(New Latin) Panama (a country in Central America)


Micronesia

Micronēsia f sg (genitive Micronēsiae); first declension

Micronēsia (canonical feminine singular)
Micronēsiae (genitive)
Micronēsia (nominative singular)
Micronēsiae (genitive singular)
Micronēsiae (dative singular)
Micronēsiam (accusative singular)
Micronēsiā (ablative singular)
Micronēsia (singular vocative)

Micronesia (a geographical region of Oceania)

Micronesia (A country consisting of about 2000 islands in Oceania)


Canada

Canada f sg (genitive Canadae); first declension

Canadae (genitive)
Canada (nominative singular)
Canadae (genitive singular)
Canadae (dative singular)
Canadam (accusative singular)
Canadā (ablative singular)
Canada (singular vocative)

From French Canada, from Laurentian kanata (“village, settlement”).


Guinea

la-proper noun

Guinea f sg (genitive Guineae); first declension

Guineae (genitive)
Guinea (nominative singular)
Guineae (genitive singular)
Guineae (dative singular)
Guineam (accusative singular)
Guineā (ablative singular)
Guinea (singular vocative)

(New Latin) Guinea (a country in West Africa)


Bermuda

Bermūda f sg (genitive Bermūdae); first declension

Bermūda (canonical feminine singular)
Bermūdae (genitive)
Bermūda (nominative singular)
Bermūdae (genitive singular)
Bermūdae (dative singular)
Bermūdam (accusative singular)
Bermūdā (ablative singular)
Bermūda (singular vocative)
Bermūdae (locative singular)

(New Latin) Bermuda (an archipelago and overseas territory of the United Kingdom in the North Atlantic Ocean)


Samoa

Sāmoa f sg (genitive Sāmoae); first declension

Sāmoa (canonical feminine singular)
Sāmoae (genitive)
Sāmoa (nominative singular)
Sāmoae (genitive singular)
Sāmoae (dative singular)
Sāmoam (accusative singular)
Sāmoā (ablative singular)
Sāmoa (singular vocative)
Sāmoae (locative singular)

(New Latin) Samoa (A country consisting of the western part of the Samoan archipelago in Polynesia, in Oceania)


Macedonia

Macedonia f sg (genitive Macedoniae); first declension

Macedoniae (genitive)
Macedonia (nominative singular)
Macedoniae (genitive singular)
Macedoniae (dative singular)
Macedoniam (accusative singular)
Macedoniā (ablative singular)
Macedonia (singular vocative)
Macedoniae (locative singular)

[mät͡ʃeˈd̪ɔːniä]

From Ancient Greek Μακεδονία (Makedonía, “Macedonia”), from μακεδονία (makedonía, “highland”), from μακεδνός (makednós, “high, tall”).


Australia

la-proper noun

Austrālia f sg (genitive Austrāliae); first declension

Austrālia (canonical feminine singular)
Austrāliae (genitive)
Austrālia (nominative singular)
Austrāliae (genitive singular)
Austrāliae (dative singular)
Austrāliam (accusative singular)
Austrāliā (ablative singular)
Austrālia (singular vocative)

[äu̯s̠ˈt̪räːlʲiä]

From austrālis (“southern”) + a latinization of Ancient Greek -ία (-ía).

Australia (A country in Oceania comprising the islands of Australia, Tasmania and other smaller islands in the Pacific Ocean, as well as a former colony in the British Empire)

(geology) Australia (a continent consisting of the islands of Australia, New Guinea and intervening islands)


Georgia

Geōrgia f sg (genitive Geōrgiae); first declension

Geōrgia (canonical feminine singular)
Geōrgiae (genitive)
Geōrgia (nominative singular)
Geōrgiae (genitive singular)
Geōrgiae (dative singular)
Geōrgiam (accusative singular)
Geōrgiā (ablative singular)
Geōrgia (singular vocative)
Geōrgiae (locative singular)

→ English: Georgia (see there for further descendants)

→ Middle French: Georgie

French: Géorgie

→ Middle English: Georgie

English: Georgie (obsolete)

→ Italian: Georgia

→ Norwegian Bokmål: Georgia

→ Romanian: Georgia

→ Spanish: Georgia

[d͡ʒeˈɔrd͡ʒiä]

A borrowing from Classical Persian گرج (gurj), from Middle Persian 𐭥𐭫𐭥𐭰𐭠𐭭 pl (Wiruz-ān, “Iberians, Georgians”), of unknown origin. The Latin form was influenced by (sānctus) Geōrgius (“Saint George”) due to the saint's popularity in the country.

der

(Medieval Latin, New Latin) Georgia (A transcontinental country in the Caucasus region of Europe and Asia, on the coast of the Black Sea, often considered to belong politically to Europe)

(New Latin) Georgia (a state in the Southern United States)


Russia

la-proper noun

Russia f sg (genitive Russiae); first declension

Russiae (genitive)
Russia (nominative singular)
Russiae (genitive singular)
Russiae (dative singular)
Russiam (accusative singular)
Russiā (ablative singular)
Russia (singular vocative)

Sixteenth-century Latinisation of the Middle Russian Русь (Rusʹ, “Rus”).

(New Latin) Russia (A transcontinental country in Eastern Europe and North Asia)


Jupiter

Jūpiter m sg (genitive Jovis); third declension

Jūpiter (canonical masculine singular)
Jovis (genitive)
Jūpiter (nominative singular)
Jovis (genitive singular)
Jovī (dative singular)
Jovem (accusative singular)
Jove (ablative singular)
Jūpiter (singular vocative)


SPQR

[s̠ɛˈnäːt̪ʊs̠ pɔpʊˈɫ̪ʊs̠kʷɛ roːˈmäːnʊs̠]

S·P·Q·R

senātus populusque rōmānus
senatus populusque romanus#Latin

Initialism of senātus populusque rōmānus (“the Roman Senate and People”),


Abdera

Abdēra n or f (variously declined, genitive Abdērōrum or Abderae); second declension, first declension

Abdēra (canonical feminine neuter)
Abdērōrum (genitive)
Abderae (genitive)
Abdēra (nominative plural)
Abdērōrum (genitive plural)
Abdērae (genitive plural)
Abdērīs (dative plural)
Abdērae (dative plural)
Abdēra (accusative plural)
Abdēram (accusative plural)
Abdērīs (ablative plural)
Abdērā (ablative plural)
Abdēra (plural vocative)
Abdērīs (locative plural)
Abdērae (locative plural)

la-ndecl

Second declension (neuter plural) or first declension (feminine singular) noun, with locative.

Abdera (an ancient city in Thrace, in modern Greece)

Abdera (a modern municipality of Xanthi, in the administrative region of Thrace, Greece)

(figuratively, by extension) Chelm, cloud-cuckoo-land


Abdera

[äbˈd̪eːräː]


MD

(money) Abbreviation of Mediolanum, Milan.


Manitoba

la-proper noun

Manitoba f sg (genitive Manitobae); first declension

Manitobae (genitive)
Manitoba (nominative singular)
Manitobae (genitive singular)
Manitobae (dative singular)
Manitobam (accusative singular)
Manitobā (ablative singular)
Manitoba (singular vocative)
Manitobae (locative singular)

[mäˈnɪt̪ɔbä]


Saskatchewan

Saskatchewan f sg (genitive Saskatchewanis); third declension

Saskatchewanis (genitive)
Saskatchewan (nominative singular)
Saskatchewanis (genitive singular)
Saskatchewanī (dative singular)
Saskatchewanem (accusative singular)
Saskatchewane (ablative singular)
Saskatchewan (singular vocative)
Saskatchewanī (locative singular)
Saskatchewane (locative singular)


Nova Scotia

Nova Scōtia f sg (genitive Novae Scōtiae); first declension

Nova Scōtia (canonical feminine singular)
Novae Scōtiae (genitive)
Nova Scōtia (nominative singular)
Novae Scōtiae (genitive singular)
Novae Scōtiae (dative singular)
Novam Scōtiam (accusative singular)
Novā Scōtiā (ablative singular)
Nova Scōtia (singular vocative)
Novae Scōtiae (locative singular)

[ˈnɔːvä ˈskɔt̪ː͡s̪iä]


Alberta

Alberta f sg (genitive Albertae); first declension

Albertae (genitive)
Alberta (nominative singular)
Albertae (genitive singular)
Albertae (dative singular)
Albertam (accusative singular)
Albertā (ablative singular)
Alberta (singular vocative)
Albertae (locative singular)

[äɫ̪ˈbɛrt̪ä]


Ontario

Ontariō f sg (genitive Ontariōnis); third declension

Ontariō (canonical feminine singular)
Ontariōnis (genitive)
Ontariō (nominative singular)
Ontariōnis (genitive singular)
Ontariōnī (dative singular)
Ontariōnem (accusative singular)
Ontariōne (ablative singular)
Ontariō (singular vocative)
Ontariōnī (locative singular)
Ontariōne (locative singular)


Brasilia

Brasīlia f sg (genitive Brasīliae); first declension

Brasīlia (canonical feminine singular)
Brasīliae (genitive)
Brasīlia (nominative singular)
Brasīliae (genitive singular)
Brasīliae (dative singular)
Brasīliam (accusative singular)
Brasīliā (ablative singular)
Brasīlia (singular vocative)

(New Latin) Brazil (A large Portuguese-speaking country in South America)


Oceania

Ōceania f sg (genitive Ōceaniae); first declension

Ōceania (canonical feminine singular)
Ōceaniae (genitive)
Ōceania (nominative singular)
Ōceaniae (genitive singular)
Ōceaniae (dative singular)
Ōceaniam (accusative singular)
Ōceaniā (ablative singular)
Ōceania (singular vocative)

(New Latin) Oceania (a geographical region or continent in the Pacific Ocean)


Europe

Eurōpē f sg (genitive Eurōpēs); first declension

Eurōpē (canonical feminine singular)
Eurōpēs (genitive)
Eurōpē (nominative singular)
Eurōpēs (genitive singular)
Eurōpae (dative singular)
Eurōpēn (accusative singular)
Eurōpē (ablative singular)
Eurōpē (singular vocative)
Eurōpae (locative singular)


Antarctica

Antarctica f sg (genitive Antarcticae); first declension

Antarcticae (genitive)
Antarctica (nominative singular)
Antarcticae (genitive singular)
Antarcticae (dative singular)
Antarcticam (accusative singular)
Antarcticā (ablative singular)
Antarctica (singular vocative)

[än̪ˈt̪ärkt̪ɪkä]


Africa

Āfrica f sg (genitive Āfricae); first declension

Āfrica (canonical feminine singular)
Āfricae (genitive)
Āfrica (nominative singular)
Āfricae (genitive singular)
Āfricae (dative singular)
Āfricam (accusative singular)
Āfricā (ablative singular)
Āfrica (singular vocative)

→ Corsican: Africa

→ English: Africa

Tok Pisin: Afrika

→ Malay: Afrika

→ Italian: Africa

→ Old French: Affrique

French: Afrique

Norman: Afrique

→ Romanian: Africa

Feminine of āfricus/Āfricus, as a noun elliptic of terra āfrica/Āfrica (literally “the land of the Afri”). The adjective Āfricus comes from the name of the Āfrī (singular Āfer), a tribal people of the area near Carthage, by addition of the suffix -icus. The Latin term formed alongside Greek ἡ Ἀφρική (hē Aphrikḗ), both terms being attested since the first century.

Nilus Africam ab Aethiopiā dispescens (Pliny 5, 9, 10, § 53)

Northwestern Africa, the territory of Carthage, the African coast west of the Nile

Africa (a province of the Roman Empire) (later split into Africa Zeugitana and Africa Byzacena under Diocletian)

Si probare possemus Ligarium in Āfricā omnino non fuisse.

If we could prove that Ligarius was not at all in Africa.

Africa as a continent, understood as the quarter of the globe south of the Mediterranean


Asia

Ā̆sia f sg (genitive Ā̆siae); first declension

Ā̆sia (canonical feminine singular)
Ā̆siae (genitive)
Ā̆sia (nominative singular)
Ā̆siae (genitive singular)
Ā̆siae (dative singular)
Ā̆siam (accusative singular)
Ā̆siā (ablative singular)
Ā̆sia (singular vocative)

→ Middle English: Asia, Asie (also via Old French)

English: Asia

Old French: Asie

French: Asie


Ursula

Ursula f sg (genitive Ursulae); first declension

Ursulae (genitive)
Ursula (nominative singular)
Ursulae (genitive singular)
Ursulae (dative singular)
Ursulam (accusative singular)
Ursulā (ablative singular)
Ursula (singular vocative)

From ursa (“she-bear”) + -ula (diminutive suffix).


Czechia

la-proper noun

Czechia f sg (genitive Czechiae); first declension

Czechiae (genitive)
Czechia (nominative singular)
Czechiae (genitive singular)
Czechiae (dative singular)
Czechiam (accusative singular)
Czechiā (ablative singular)
Czechia (singular vocative)
Czechiae (locative singular)

(New Latin) Czech Republic, Czechia (a country in Central Europe)


Hellas

Hellas f sg (genitive Helladis); third declension

Helladis (genitive)
Hellas (nominative singular)
Helladis (genitive singular)
Helladī (dative singular)
Helladem (accusative singular)
Hellade (ablative singular)
Hellas (singular vocative)

→ French: Hellade

→ Portuguese: Hélade

→ Spanish: Hélade

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Ἑλλάς (Hellás).

bor+

Modo, inquam, Hellade percussa Marius cum praecipitat se cerritus fuit?

The other day, for instance, when Marius killed Hellas and then flung himself headlong, was he crazy?


California

la-proper noun

California f sg (genitive Californiae); first declension

Californiae (genitive)
California (nominative singular)
Californiae (genitive singular)
Californiae (dative singular)
Californiam (accusative singular)
Californiā (ablative singular)
California (singular vocative)

New Latin, borrowed from Spanish California.

California regiō magna est.


Paris

Paris m sg (genitive Paridis or Paridos); third declension

Paridis (genitive)
Paridos (genitive)
Paris (nominative singular)
Paridis (genitive singular)
Paridos (genitive singular)
Paridī (dative singular)
Paridem (accusative singular)
Parin (accusative singular)
Paride (ablative singular)
Paris (singular vocative)
Pari (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Πάρις (Páris).

(Greek mythology) A Trojan prince who eloped with Helen.

a male given name from Ancient Greek, from the Trojan hero


Scandinavia

Scandināvia f sg (genitive Scandināviae); first declension

Scandināvia (canonical feminine singular)
Scandināviae (genitive)
Scandināvia (nominative singular)
Scandināviae (genitive singular)
Scandināviae (dative singular)
Scandināviam (accusative singular)
Scandināviā (ablative singular)
Scandināvia (singular vocative)
Scandināviae (locative singular)

English: Scandinavia

[s̠kän̪d̪ɪˈnäːu̯iä]

From Proto-Germanic *Skadinawjō (“Scadia island”), from *awjō (“island”).

der

a large and fertile island in Northern Europe, perhaps Zealand or Scania


Phocis

la-proper noun

Phōcis f sg (genitive Phōcidis); third declension

Phōcis (canonical feminine singular)
Phōcidis (genitive)
Phōcis (nominative singular)
Phōcidis (genitive singular)
Phōcidī (dative singular)
Phōcidem (accusative singular)
Phōcide (ablative singular)
Phōcis (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Φωκίς (Phōkís).


Boeotia

Boeōtia f sg (genitive Boeōtiae); first declension

Boeōtia (canonical feminine singular)
Boeōtiae (genitive)
Boeōtia (nominative singular)
Boeōtiae (genitive singular)
Boeōtiae (dative singular)
Boeōtiam (accusative singular)
Boeōtiā (ablative singular)
Boeōtia (singular vocative)

[beˈɔt̪ː͡s̪iä]

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Βοιωτία (Boiōtía).


Attica

Attica f sg (genitive Atticae); first declension

Atticae (genitive)
Attica (nominative singular)
Atticae (genitive singular)
Atticae (dative singular)
Atticam (accusative singular)
Atticā (ablative singular)
Attica (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Ἀττική (Attikḗ).


Pella

Pella f sg (genitive Pellae); first declension

Pellae (genitive)
Pella (nominative singular)
Pellae (genitive singular)
Pellae (dative singular)
Pellam (accusative singular)
Pellā (ablative singular)
Pella (singular vocative)
Pellae (locative singular)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Πέλλα (Pélla).


Arcadia

Arcadia f sg (genitive Arcadiae); first declension

Arcadiae (genitive)
Arcadia (nominative singular)
Arcadiae (genitive singular)
Arcadiae (dative singular)
Arcadiam (accusative singular)
Arcadiā (ablative singular)
Arcadia (singular vocative)

Catalan: Arcàdia

Italian: Arcadia

Portuguese: Arcádia

Spanish: Arcadia

[ärˈkäːd̪iä]

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Ἀρκαδία (Arkadía).


Michael

Michaēl m sg (genitive Michaēlis); third declension

Michaēl (canonical masculine singular)
Michaēlis (genitive)
Michaēl (nominative singular)
Michaēlis (genitive singular)
Michaēlī (dative singular)
Michaēlem (accusative singular)
Michaēle (ablative singular)
Michaēl (singular vocative)

Albanian: Mëhill

Italian: Michele

Old Leonese: Migael

Asturian: Miguel

Leonese: Micael, Migel

Old French: Michel

French: Michel

Portuguese: Miguel

Sicilian: Micheli

Spanish: Miguel

→ Danish: Michael

→ English: Michael

→ Czech: Michael

→ Finnish: Mikael

→ German: Michael

→ Icelandic: Mikael

→ Irish: Micheál

→ Japanese: ミカエル (Mikaeru)

→ Korean: 미카엘 (Mika'el)

→ Latvian: Miķelis

→ Norwegian: Mikael

→ Polabian: Maixăl

→ Polish: Michał

→ Swedish: Mikael

[ˈmɪkʰäeːɫ̪]

From the Koine Greek Μῐχᾱήλ (Mikhāḗl), from the Biblical Hebrew מִיכָאֵל (mikha'él, “Michael”, literally “Who is like God?”).

der

De tribu Aser, Sthur, filium Michahel.

ante''' AD 405, Biblia Vulgata, Num. 13:14

Of the tribe of Asher, Sethur the son of Michael. ― World English Bible translation (Num. 13:13)

Princeps autem regni Persarum restitit mihi viginti et uno diebus; et, ecce, Michahel, unus de principibus primis, venit in adiutorium meum: et ego remansi ibi iuxta regem Persarum.

ante''' AD 407, Biblia Vulgata, Dan. 10:13

But the prince of the kingdom of Persia withstood me twenty-one days; but, behold, Michael, one of the chief princes, came to help me: and I remained there with the kings of Persia. ― World English Bible translation

Michaël

used to signal that ae is not to be read as /e/ in Ecclesiastical pronunciation


Mantua

la-proper noun

Mantua f sg (genitive Mantuae); first declension

Mantuae (genitive)
Mantua (nominative singular)
Mantuae (genitive singular)
Mantuae (dative singular)
Mantuam (accusative singular)
Mantuā (ablative singular)
Mantua (singular vocative)

English: Mantua

French: Mantoue

Italian: Mantova

Borrowed from Etruscan *𐌌𐌀𐌍𐌈𐌅𐌀 (*manθva), from 𐌌𐌀𐌍𐌈 (manθ, “Mantus, god of the underworld”). Compare 𐌌𐌀𐌍𐌈𐌅𐌀𐌕𐌄 (manθvate, “Mantuan”).


Melanesia

Melānēsia f sg (genitive Melānēsiae); first declension

Melānēsia (canonical feminine singular)
Melānēsiae (genitive)
Melānēsia (nominative singular)
Melānēsiae (genitive singular)
Melānēsiae (dative singular)
Melānēsiam (accusative singular)
Melānēsiā (ablative singular)
Melānēsia (singular vocative)
Melānēsiae (locative singular)

(New Latin) Melanesia (a region of Oceania)


Polynesia

Polynēsia f sg (genitive Polynēsiae); first declension

Polynēsia (canonical feminine singular)
Polynēsiae (genitive)
Polynēsia (nominative singular)
Polynēsiae (genitive singular)
Polynēsiae (dative singular)
Polynēsiam (accusative singular)
Polynēsiā (ablative singular)
Polynēsia (singular vocative)
Polynēsiae (locative singular)

(New Latin) Polynesia (a region of Oceania)


Philadelphia

Philadelphīa f sg (genitive Philadelphīae); first declension

Philadelphīa (canonical feminine singular)
Philadelphīae (genitive)
Philadelphīa (nominative singular)
Philadelphīae (genitive singular)
Philadelphīae (dative singular)
Philadelphīam (accusative singular)
Philadelphīā (ablative singular)
Philadelphīa (singular vocative)
Philadelphīae (locative singular)

[pʰɪɫ̪äd̪ɛɫ̪ˈpʰiːä]

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Φιλαδέλφεια (Philadélpheia).

bor

(historical) Philadelphia (ancient Greek city in the Decapolis in modern Jordan; modern Amman)

(historical) Philadelphia (ancient Greek city in Lydia in modern Turkey; modern Alaşehir)

(New Latin) Philadelphia (the largest city in Pennsylvania, United States).


Lemuria

la-proper noun

Lemūria n pl (variously declined, genitive Lemūriōrum or Lemūrium); second declension, third declension

Lemūria (canonical neuter plural)
Lemūriōrum (genitive)
Lemūrium (genitive)
Lemūria (nominative plural)
Lemūriōrum (genitive plural)
Lemūrium (genitive plural)
Lemūriīs (dative plural)
Lemūribus (dative plural)
Lemūria (accusative plural)
Lemūriīs (ablative plural)
Lemūribus (ablative plural)
Lemūria (plural vocative)

[ɫ̪ɛˈmuːriä]

From lemurēs (“ghosts of the departed”).

The festival of Lemurēs (spirits, ghosts)


Verona

Vērōna f sg (genitive Vērōnae); first declension

Vērōna (canonical feminine singular)
Vērōnae (genitive)
Vērōna (nominative singular)
Vērōnae (genitive singular)
Vērōnae (dative singular)
Vērōnam (accusative singular)
Vērōnā (ablative singular)
Vērōna (singular vocative)
Vērōnae (locative singular)

Celtic name *Vernomago, from Proto-Celtic *wernā (“alder”) + *magos (“field”).

Alia subinde manus Cenomanorum Etitovio duce vestigia priorum secuta eodem saltu favente Belloveso cum transcendisset Alpes, ubi nunc Brixia ac Verona urbes sunt locos tenuere.
Presently another band, consisting of Cenomani led by Etitovius, followed in the tracks of the earlier emigrants; and having, with the approval of Bellovesus, crossed the Alps by the same pass, established themselves where the cities of Brixia and Verona are-now. ― translation from: Benjamin Oliver Foster, The History of Early Rome (1919), pages 119–121

27–25 BC, Titus Livius Patavinus, Ab Urbe Condita Libri, book V, chapter xxxv

Transpadane Gaul
Transpadane Gaul#English

Verona (a city in Transpadane Gaul, the birthplace of the poet Catullus and of Pliny the Elder)

(Medieval Latin) Bonn (a city on the Rhine in modern-day Germany)


Atlantis

Ātlantis f (genitive Ātlantidis); third declension

Ātlantis (canonical feminine)
Ātlantidis (genitive)
Ātlantis (nominative singular)
Ātlantidēs (nominative plural)
Ātlantidis (genitive singular)
Ātlantidum (genitive plural)
Ātlantidī (dative singular)
Ātlantidibus (dative plural)
Ātlantidem (accusative singular)
Ātlantidēs (accusative plural)
Ātlantide (ablative singular)
Ātlantidibus (ablative plural)
Ātlantis (singular vocative)
Ātlantidēs (plural vocative)

[äːt̪ˈɫ̪än̪t̪ɪs̠]


Atlantis

[äːt̪ˈɫ̪än̪t̪ɪs̠]


Sardinia

Sardinia f sg (genitive Sardiniae); first declension

Sardiniae (genitive)
Sardinia (nominative singular)
Sardiniae (genitive singular)
Sardiniae (dative singular)
Sardiniam (accusative singular)
Sardiniā (ablative singular)
Sardinia (singular vocative)
Sardiniae (locative singular)

Catalan: Sardenya

desctree

Italian: Sardegna, Sardigna (archaic; e.g. Dante)
→ French: Sardaigne
→ Sardinian: Sardigna

Spanish: Cerdeña

Portuguese: Sardenha

→ English: Sardinia

→ German: Sardinien

→ Greek: Σαρδηνία (Sardinía)

→ Polish: Sardynia

→ Romanian: Sardinia

→ Russian: Сарди́ния (Sardínija)

Sardinia (an island and autonomous region of Italy, in the Mediterranean Sea)


Tripoli

dative/ablative/vocative/locative singular of Tripolis


Campania

la-proper noun

Campānia f sg (genitive Campāniae); first declension

Campānia (canonical feminine singular)
Campāniae (genitive)
Campānia (nominative singular)
Campāniae (genitive singular)
Campāniae (dative singular)
Campāniam (accusative singular)
Campāniā (ablative singular)
Campānia (singular vocative)
Campāniae (locative singular)

From campus (“open or flat space; plain”).

The territory around the ancient city of Capua.

administrative region
administrative region

(New Latin) Campania (an administrative region of southern Italy)

(New Latin) Champagne (a region and former province of France, the terroir of the wine champagne; now part of Grand Est)


Calabria

Calabria f sg (genitive Calabriae); first declension

Calabriae (genitive)
Calabria (nominative singular)
Calabriae (genitive singular)
Calabriae (dative singular)
Calabriam (accusative singular)
Calabriā (ablative singular)
Calabria (singular vocative)
Calabriae (locative singular)

[käˈɫ̪äbriä]

From the oblique stem calabr- of the ethnonym calaber, likely of Pre-Roman origin.

(historical) A region of Italy, roughly corresponding to today's Southern Apulia

(New Latin) Calabria (a peninsula and administrative region of southern Italy)


Calabria

[käˈɫ̪äbriäː]

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.


Virginia

la-proper noun

Virginia f (genitive Virginiae, masculine Virginius); first declension

Virginiae (genitive)
Virginius (masculine)
Virginia (nominative singular)
Virginiae (nominative plural)
Virginiae (genitive singular)
Virginiārum (genitive plural)
Virginiae (dative singular)
Virginiīs (dative plural)
Virginiam (accusative singular)
Virginiās (accusative plural)
Virginiā (ablative singular)
Virginiīs (ablative plural)
Virginia (singular vocative)
Virginiae (plural vocative)

English: Virginia

Spanish: Virginia

[u̯ɪrˈɡɪniä]

From earlier Verginia, feminine form of Verginius, a Roman family name, possibly identical with Vergilius. Altered in spelling possibly by folk etymology association with virgō (“maiden, virgin”).


Virginia

Virginia f sg (genitive Virginiae); first declension

Virginiae (genitive)
Virginia (nominative singular)
Virginiae (genitive singular)
Virginiae (dative singular)
Virginiam (accusative singular)
Virginiā (ablative singular)
Virginia (singular vocative)
Virginiae (locative singular)

[u̯ɪrˈɡɪniä]

(New Latin) Virginia (a state of the United States)


Apulia

Āpūlia f sg (genitive Āpūliae); first declension

Āpūlia (canonical feminine singular)
Āpūliae (genitive)
Āpūlia (nominative singular)
Āpūliae (genitive singular)
Āpūliae (dative singular)
Āpūliam (accusative singular)
Āpūliā (ablative singular)
Āpūlia (singular vocative)

Italian: Puglia

[äːˈpuːlʲiä]

Unknown. Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ep- (“water”).

A former province in lower Italy, to the north of Calabria and east of Samnium, now Italian Puglia

(New Latin) Apulia (a peninsula and administrative region in southern Italy)


Vienna

Vienna f sg (genitive Viennae); first declension

Viennae (genitive)
Vienna (nominative singular)
Viennae (genitive singular)
Viennae (dative singular)
Viennam (accusative singular)
Viennā (ablative singular)
Vienna (singular vocative)
Viennae (locative singular)

Named after the Vienne river, of uncertain origin, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *weyh₁- (“to pursue, reach towards”). However, other roots are possible.

der

a city of the Allobroges in Gallia Narbonensis, now Vienne


Vienna

Of disputed origin. Possibly from Vindobona, or from a Celtic word *Vedunia (“forest stream”), for which compare Proto-Celtic *widus (“woodland”).

...verum etiam illum in Austria, patria scilicet sua hereditaria agentem adorsi Viennam, civitatem celebrerrimam et eius provincie caput...

1486, “Commissio propria domini regis”, in Decreta Regni Hungariae 1458-1490, Budapest, published 1989, page 267:


Latium

la-proper noun

Latium n sg (genitive Latiī or Latī); second declension

Latiī (genitive)
Latī (genitive)
Latium (nominative singular)
Latiī (genitive singular)
Latī (genitive singular)
Latiō (dative singular)
Latium (accusative singular)
Latiō (ablative singular)
Latium (singular vocative)
Latiī (locative singular)

Asturian: Lacio

Catalan: Laci

Franco-Provençal: Lacion

Friulian: Lazi

Galician: Lacio

Italian: Lazio

Ligurian: Lassio

Lombard: Làsio

Neapolitan: Lazzio

Occitan: Laci

Piedmontese: Lassio

Portuguese: Lácio

Sardinian: Làtziu

Sicilian: Lazziu

Spanish: Lacio

Venetan: Łasio

[ˈɫ̪ät̪iʊ̃ˑ]

Uncertain: Probably a loanword from an ancient, non-Indo-European substrate language, possibly Etruscan or a related language, but it has also been linked to lātus (“wide”), a reference to the flat land, or latus (“side”), being on the central-west side of the Italian peninsula.

(historical) Latium (a historical region of central Italy, in which the city of Rome was founded and grew to be the capital city of the Roman Empire)


Florida

Flōrida f sg (genitive Flōridae); first declension

Flōrida (canonical feminine singular)
Flōridae (genitive)
Flōrida (nominative singular)
Flōridae (genitive singular)
Flōridae (dative singular)
Flōridam (accusative singular)
Flōridā (ablative singular)
Flōrida (singular vocative)
Flōridae (locative singular)

[ˈfɫ̪oːrɪd̪ä]


Siberia

Siberia f sg (genitive Siberiae); first declension

Siberiae (genitive)
Siberia (nominative singular)
Siberiae (genitive singular)
Siberiae (dative singular)
Siberiam (accusative singular)
Siberiā (ablative singular)
Siberia (singular vocative)

(New Latin) Siberia (the region of Russia in Asia)


Caserta

Casērta f sg (genitive Casērtae); first declension

Casērta (canonical feminine singular)
Casērtae (genitive)
Casērta (nominative singular)
Casērtae (genitive singular)
Casērtae (dative singular)
Casērtam (accusative singular)
Casērtā (ablative singular)
Casērta (singular vocative)
Casērtae (locative singular)

[käˈs̬ɛrt̪ä]


Imperia

Imperia f sg (genitive Imperiae); first declension

Imperiae (genitive)
Imperia (nominative singular)
Imperiae (genitive singular)
Imperiae (dative singular)
Imperiam (accusative singular)
Imperiā (ablative singular)
Imperia (singular vocative)
Imperiae (locative singular)

Latinization of Italian Imperia, named after the Impero river crossing the city founded by joining Porto Maurizio and Oneglia in 1923.

(Contemporary Latin) Imperia (a town in Liguria, Italy)


Ancona

Ancōna f sg (genitive Ancōnae); first declension

Ancōna (canonical feminine singular)
Ancōnae (genitive)
Ancōna (nominative singular)
Ancōnae (genitive singular)
Ancōnae (dative singular)
Ancōnam (accusative singular)
Ancōnā (ablative singular)
Ancōna (singular vocative)
Ancōnae (locative singular)


Cremona

Cremōna f sg (genitive Cremōnae); first declension

Cremōna (canonical feminine singular)
Cremōnae (genitive)
Cremōna (nominative singular)
Cremōnae (genitive singular)
Cremōnae (dative singular)
Cremōnam (accusative singular)
Cremōnā (ablative singular)
Cremōna (singular vocative)
Cremōnae (locative singular)


Macerata

Mācerāta f sg (genitive Mācerātae); first declension

Mācerāta (canonical feminine singular)
Mācerātae (genitive)
Mācerāta (nominative singular)
Mācerātae (genitive singular)
Mācerātae (dative singular)
Mācerātam (accusative singular)
Mācerātā (ablative singular)
Mācerāta (singular vocative)
Mācerātae (locative singular)

[mät͡ʃeˈräːt̪ä]

(Medieval Latin, New Latin) Macerata (a town in Marche, Italy)


Vibo Valentia

Vibō Valentia f sg (variously declined, genitive Vibōnis Valentiae); third declension, first declension

Vibō Valentia (canonical feminine singular)
Vibōnis Valentiae (genitive)
Vibō Valentia (nominative singular)
Vibōnis Valentiae (genitive singular)
Vibōnī Valentiae (dative singular)
Vibōnem Valentiam (accusative singular)
Vibōne Valentiā (ablative singular)
Vibō Valentia (singular vocative)
Vibōnī Valentiae (locative singular)
Vibōne Valentiae (locative singular)

[ˈu̯ɪboː u̯äˈɫ̪ɛn̪t̪iä]

Latinization of Italian Vibo Valentia, itself a Classicalizing compound of the Latin names Vibō and Valentia. The former name of the city, in Italian Monteleone, was Mons Leōnis

Ipsius verò Vibonis Valentiæ totus murorum ambitus, secundum Mazzella in historia Regni, & Capialbum de Monteleone, ad octo mill. pass. colligit, […]

1710, Giuseppe Bisogni de Gatti, Hipponii, seu Vibonis Valentiae, vel Montisleonis, page 58:

1878, Ivan Vladimirovich Tsvetaev, Sylloge inscriptionum Oscarum ad archetyporum et librorum fidem, page 106

nota in nummis Bruttiorum oppidi Vibonis Valentiae quod nunc Monteleone vocatur posita.

Inventa prope Vibonis Valentiae portum a. 1835, nunc cum aliis in meo museo adservatur CAP.

1890, Inscriptiones Graecae: Inscriptiones Italiae et Siciliae ..., page 156

(Contemporary Latin) Vibo Valentia (a town in Calabria, Italy)


Argolis

Argolis f sg (genitive Argolidis); third declension

Argolidis (genitive)
Argolis (nominative singular)
Argolidis (genitive singular)
Argolidī (dative singular)
Argolidem (accusative singular)
Argolide (ablative singular)
Argolis (singular vocative)

[ˈärɡɔlʲɪs̠]

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Ἀργολίς (Argolís).


Messenia

Messēnia f sg (genitive Messēniae); first declension

Messēnia (canonical feminine singular)
Messēniae (genitive)
Messēnia (nominative singular)
Messēniae (genitive singular)
Messēniae (dative singular)
Messēniam (accusative singular)
Messēniā (ablative singular)
Messēnia (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Μεσσηνία (Messēnía).


Ravenna

Ravenna f sg (genitive Ravennae); first declension

Ravennae (genitive)
Ravenna (nominative singular)
Ravennae (genitive singular)
Ravennae (dative singular)
Ravennam (accusative singular)
Ravennā (ablative singular)
Ravenna (singular vocative)
Ravennae (locative singular)

→ Ancient Greek: Ῥᾰ́βεννᾰ (Rhábenna)

Italian: Ravenna

→ English: Ravenna

→ French: Ravenne


Laconia

Lacōnia f sg (genitive Lacōniae); first declension

Lacōnia (canonical feminine singular)
Lacōniae (genitive)
Lacōnia (nominative singular)
Lacōniae (genitive singular)
Lacōniae (dative singular)
Lacōniam (accusative singular)
Lacōniā (ablative singular)
Lacōnia (singular vocative)

[ɫ̪äˈkoːniä]

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Λακωνία (Lakōnía). From the Ancient Greek expression "Λακωνική (Lakōnikḗ), sc. γῆ f (gê)" (the land of the Lacons), from Λάκων (Lákōn, “Laconian”).


Cyclades

Cycladēs f pl (genitive Cycladum); third declension

Cycladēs (canonical feminine plural)
Cycladum (genitive)
Cycladēs (nominative plural)
Cycladum (genitive plural)
Cycladibus (dative plural)
Cycladēs (accusative plural)
Cycladibus (ablative plural)
Cycladēs (plural vocative)

[ˈkʏkɫ̪äd̪eːs̠]


Lesbos

Lesbos f sg (genitive Lesbī); second declension

Lesbī (genitive)
Lesbos (nominative singular)
Lesbī (genitive singular)
Lesbō (dative singular)
Lesbon (accusative singular)
Lesbō (ablative singular)
Lesbe (singular vocative)
Lesbī (locative singular)


Ostia

Ōstia f sg (genitive Ōstiae); first declension

Ōstia (canonical feminine singular)
Ōstiae (genitive)
Ōstia (nominative singular)
Ōstiae (genitive singular)
Ōstiae (dative singular)
Ōstiam (accusative singular)
Ōstiā (ablative singular)
Ōstia (singular vocative)
Ōstiae (locative singular)

English: Ostia

Cebuano: Ostia

Italian: Ostia

From Latin ōs (“mouth; opening, entrance”).

(historical) Ostia; A town and port in Italia, Roman Empire


Larissa

Lārissa f sg (genitive Lārissae); first declension

Lārissa (canonical feminine singular)
Lārissae (genitive)
Lārissa (nominative singular)
Lārissae (genitive singular)
Lārissae (dative singular)
Lārissam (accusative singular)
Lārissā (ablative singular)
Lārissa (singular vocative)
Lārissae (locative singular)

[ɫ̪äːˈrɪs̠ːä]


Epirus

Ēpīrus f sg (genitive Ēpīrī); second declension

Ēpīrus (canonical feminine singular)
Ēpīrī (genitive)
Ēpīrus (nominative singular)
Ēpīrī (genitive singular)
Ēpīrō (dative singular)
Ēpīrum (accusative singular)
Ēpīrō (ablative singular)
Ēpīre (singular vocative)

Epirus (region and historical kingdom in modern Albania and Greece)


Edessa

Edessa f sg (genitive Edessae); first declension

Edessae (genitive)
Edessa (nominative singular)
Edessae (genitive singular)
Edessae (dative singular)
Edessam (accusative singular)
Edessā (ablative singular)
Edessa (singular vocative)
Edessae (locative singular)

Catalan: Edessa

English: Edessa


Daniel

Dāniēl m sg (genitive Dāniēlis); third declension

Dāniēl (canonical masculine singular)
Dāniēlis (genitive)
Dāniēl (nominative singular)
Dāniēlis (genitive singular)
Dāniēlī (dative singular)
Dāniēlem (accusative singular)
Dāniēle (ablative singular)
Dāniēl (singular vocative)

Albanian: Danjell, Daniell, Daniel

English: Daniel, Dan

Italian: Daniele

Swedish: Daniel

[ˈd̪äːnieːɫ̪]

From the Ancient Greek Δᾱνῑήλ (Dānīḗl), from the Biblical Hebrew דָּנִיֵּאל (Daniyél, “Daniel”, literally “God is [my] judge”).


Formosa

la-proper noun

Formosa f sg (genitive Formosae); first declension

Formosae (genitive)
Fōrmōsa (nominative singular)
Fōrmōsae (genitive singular)
Fōrmōsae (dative singular)
Fōrmōsam (accusative singular)
Fōrmōsā (ablative singular)
Fōrmōsa (singular vocative)
Fōrmōsae (locative singular)

From Portuguese Ilha Formosa (“Beautiful Island”). Equivalent to a clipping of Isla Formosa.

bor

(New Latin) Taiwan (an island in East Asia)

(New Latin) Synonym of Taivania, Taiwan (a country in East Asia)


Terra Australis

la-proper noun

Terra Austrālis f sg (genitive Terrae Austrālis); first declension

Terra Austrālis (canonical feminine singular)
Terrae Austrālis (genitive)
Terra Austrālis (nominative singular)
Terrae Austrālis (genitive singular)
Terrae Austrālī (dative singular)
Terram Austrālem (accusative singular)
Terrā Austrālī (ablative singular)
Terra Austrālis (singular vocative)

[ˈt̪ɛrːä äu̯s̠ˈt̪räːlʲɪs̠]

[ˈt̪ɛrːä äu̯sˈt̪räːlis]

(geography) A hypothetical continent proposed, prior to the discovery of Australia, to exist in the Southern Hemisphere.

A former name for the continent of Australia after its discovery.


Montana

Montāna f sg (genitive Montānae); first declension

Montāna (canonical feminine singular)
Montānae (genitive)
Montāna (nominative singular)
Montānae (genitive singular)
Montānae (dative singular)
Montānam (accusative singular)
Montānā (ablative singular)
Montāna (singular vocative)
Montānae (locative singular)

[mɔn̪ˈt̪äːnä]


Salonica

Borrowed from Byzantine Greek Σαλονίκη (Saloníkē).


Mytilene

la-proper noun

Mytilēnē f sg (genitive Mytilēnēs); first declension

Mytilēnē (canonical feminine singular)
Mytilēnēs (genitive)
Mytilēnē (nominative singular)
Mytilēnēs (genitive singular)
Mytilēnae (dative singular)
Mytilēnēn (accusative singular)
Mytilēnē (ablative singular)
Mytilēnē (singular vocative)
Mytilēnae (locative singular)

[mʏt̪ɪˈɫ̪eːneː]


Delos

Dēlos f sg (genitive Dēlī); second declension

Dēlos (canonical feminine singular)
Dēlī (genitive)
Dēlos (nominative singular)
Dēlī (genitive singular)
Dēlō (dative singular)
Dēlon (accusative singular)
Dēlō (ablative singular)
Dēle (singular vocative)

→ English: Delos

→ French: Délos

Italian: Delo


Andros

Andros f sg (genitive Andrī); second declension

Andrī (genitive)
Andros (nominative singular)
Andrī (genitive singular)
Andrō (dative singular)
Andron (accusative singular)
Andrō (ablative singular)
Andre (singular vocative)

[ˈän̪d̪rɔs̠]

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Ἄνδρος (Ándros).


Chios

Chios f sg (genitive Chiī); second declension

Chiī (genitive)
Chios (nominative singular)
Chiī (genitive singular)
Chiō (dative singular)
Chion (accusative singular)
Chiō (ablative singular)
Chie (singular vocative)
Chiī (locative singular)

English: Chios

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Χῐ́ος (Khíos).

Chios (an island in the eastern Aegean Sea in Greece)


Delphi

Delphī m pl (genitive Delphōrum); second declension

Delphī (canonical masculine plural)
Delphōrum (genitive)
Delphī (nominative plural)
Delphōrum (genitive plural)
Delphīs (dative plural)
Delphōs (accusative plural)
Delphīs (ablative plural)
Delphī (plural vocative)
Delphīs (locative plural)

Italian: Delfi

[ˈd̪ɛɫ̪pʰiː]

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Δελφοί (Delphoí, “Delphi”).


Acheron

la-proper noun

Acherōn m sg (genitive Acherontis); third declension

Acherōn (canonical masculine singular)
Acherontis (genitive)
Acherōn (nominative singular)
Acherontis (genitive singular)
Acherontī (dative singular)
Acherontem (accusative singular)
Acheronte (ablative singular)
Acherōn (singular vocative)

English: Acheron

French: Achéron

Italian: Acheronte

Portuguese: Aqueronte

Spanish: Aqueronte

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Ἀχέρων (Akhérōn), from ὁ ἄχεα ῥέων (ho ákhea rhéōn, “the stream of woe”).


Lamia

Lamia m sg (genitive Lamiae); first declension

Lamiae (genitive)
Lamia (nominative singular)
Lamiae (genitive singular)
Lamiae (dative singular)
Lamiam (accusative singular)
Lamiā (ablative singular)
Lamia (singular vocative)

A Roman cognomen — famously held by:
Lucius Aelius Lamia, a Roman consul


Lamia

Lamia f sg (genitive Lamiae); first declension

Lamiae (genitive)
Lamia (nominative singular)
Lamiae (genitive singular)
Lamiae (dative singular)
Lamiam (accusative singular)
Lamiā (ablative singular)
Lamia (singular vocative)
Lamiae (locative singular)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Λαμία (Lamía).

A city of Phthiotis, Greece, situated on a plain


Zeus

Zeus m sg (genitive Diōs); third declension

Diōs (genitive)
Zeus (nominative singular)
Dios (genitive singular)
Diī (dative singular)
Dia (accusative singular)
Die (?) (ablative singular)
Zeu (singular vocative)

[d̪͡z̪ɛu̯s̠]

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Ζεύς (Zeús).

Quis ignorat Persarum religiones, in quibus duo illa numina consecrata sunt, lucis alter, alter tenebrarum Deus? Ejusdem notionis vestigia, quamvis obscura, in Graecorum mythologica apparent, ubi in primis celebrantur Ζεύς et Ἅιδης, alter coeli et lucis, alter orci et tenebrarum Deus.

1830, Simon Karsten, Xenophanis Colophonii Carminum Reliquiae De Parmenidis Philosophia.20

Who does not know of the Persian religions, in which two spirits are worshipped, one a god of light, the other of darkness? Traces of the same idea, although obscured, show up in Greek mythology: in its origins, Zeus and Hades are worshipped, one as a god of heaven and light, the other of the underworld and darkness.


Alexander

Alexander m (genitive Alexandrī); second declension

Alexandrī (genitive)
Alexander (nominative singular)
Alexandrī (nominative plural)
Alexandrī (genitive singular)
Alexandrōrum (genitive plural)
Alexandrō (dative singular)
Alexandrīs (dative plural)
Alexandrum (accusative singular)
Alexandrōs (accusative plural)
Alexandrō (ablative singular)
Alexandrīs (ablative plural)
Alexander (singular vocative)
Alexandrī (plural vocative)

Corsican: Lisandru

Emilian: Alessander

⇒ Emilian: Alesànder

Italian: Alessandro

Sicilian: Alissantru

Ligurian: Lusciandro

Lombard: Lissander

Navarro-Aragonese:

→ Asturian: Aleixandre

Neapolitan: Alessandro

desctree

Old French: Alixandre
French: Alexandre
→ Breton: Aleksandr, Alesant
Norman: Alexandre

Old Leonese:

Asturian: Xandru, Alexandru

Extremaduran: Alejandru

Mirandese: Alxandre

Old Occitan:

Catalan: Alexandre

Occitan: Alexandre

Old Galician-Portuguese: Alexandre
Galician: Alexandre
Portuguese: Alexandre, Alexandro
→ Vietnamese: Alexanđê

Old Spanish:

Ladino: Aleksandro

Spanish: Alejandro, Alexandro
→ Basque: Alexandro
→ Cebuano: Alejandro
→ English: Alejandro
→ Ilocano: Alehandro
→ Tagalog: Alejandro
→ Waray-Waray: Alejandro

Piedmontese: Lissànder

Rhaeto-Romance:

Friulian: Lissandri

Sardinian: Lisandru

Sicilian: Lisciànniru

Venetan: Lisandru

→ Albanian: Aleksandër

→ Alemannic German: Alexander

⇒ Alemannic German: Xandi

→ Aromanian: Alexandru

→ Basque: Alesander

→ Bengali: আলেকজান্ডার (alekojanḍar)

→ Dutch: Alexander

Afrikaans: Alexander

→ English: Alexander

Jamaican Creole: Aligzanda

→ Chinese:

desc

Cantonese: 亞歷山大／亚历山大 (aa³ lik⁶ saan¹ daai⁶)

Mandarin: 亞歷山大／亚历山大 (Yàlìshāndà)

Eastern Min: 亞歷山大／亚历山大 (Ā-lĭk-săng-dâi)

→ Hawaiian: Alekanekelo

→ Estonian: Aleksander

→ Faroese: Aleksandur, Alexandur

→ Finnish: Aleksanteri

→ German: Alexander

→ Hebrew: אלכסנדר (aleksánder)

→ Hungarian: Alexander

⇒ Hungarian: Sándor

→ Icelandic: Alexander

→ Korean: 알렉산더 (Alleksandeo)

→ Latvian: Aleksandrs

→ Limburgish: Alexander

→ Lithuanian: Aleksándras

→ Livvi: Aleksanderi

→ Low German: Alexander

→ North Frisian: Alexander

→ Norwegian: Alexander, Aleksander

→ Old Danish: Alexander

Danish: Aleksander, Alexander

→ Greenlandic: Alegsantere, Alassanteri, Aleksantare, Alexandari

desctree

→ Old Irish: Alaxander
Irish: Alastar
Manx: Alistair, Alister, Ollister
Scottish Gaelic: Alasdair, Alastair
→ English: Alastair, Alistair, Allistair, Allistaire, Allister, Alastor
→ Scots: Alistair

desc

→ Old Swedish: Alesant, Alefant, Alexander, Alesantar, Alinsant, Alinsanter, Allexander, Allexandher, Halsand

Swedish: Alexander, Aleksander

→ Polish: Aleksander

→ Romanian: Alexandru

→ Samogitian: Aleksėndra

→ Scots: Elshinder, Elshinner

→ Silesian: Aleksander

→ Slovene: Aleksander

→ Saterland Frisian: Alexander

→ Swedish: Alexander

อเล็กซานเดอร์

→ Thai: อเล็กซานเดอร์ (alèksaanáde)

→ Thai: อเล็กซานเดอร์ (alèksaanáde)

→ Uzbek: Aleksandr

→ Veps: Alexandr

→ Võro: Aleksandri

→ Welsh: Alecsander

→ West Frisian: Aleksander

אַלעקסאַנדער

→ Yiddish: אַלעקסאַנדער (aleksander)

→ Zealandic: Alexander

→ Zhuang: Ahlijsanda

[äɫ̪ɛkˈs̠än̪d̪ɛr]

From Ancient Greek Ἀλέξανδρος (Aléxandros), from ἀλέξω (aléxō, “I defend”) + ἀνδρός (andrós, genitive of ἀνήρ (anḗr, “man”)).

af

genitive of <i class="Polyt mention" lang="grc">ἀνήρ</i> (anḗr, “man”)


Moses

la-proper noun

Mōsēs m sg (genitive Mōsis or Mōsī or Mōseī); third declension

Mōsēs (canonical masculine singular)
Mōsis (genitive)
Mōsī (genitive)
Mōseī (genitive)
Mōsēs (nominative singular)
Mōsis (genitive singular)
Mōsī (genitive singular)
Mōseī (genitive singular)
Mōsī (dative singular)
Mōsem (accusative singular)
Mōsēn (accusative singular)
Mōse (ablative singular)
Mōsēs (singular vocative)

From Ancient Greek Μωσῆς (Mōsês), Μωϋσῆς (Mōüsês), from Biblical Hebrew מֹשֶׁה (moshé).


Alexandria

Alexandrīa f sg (genitive Alexandrīae); first declension

Alexandrīa (canonical feminine singular)
Alexandrīae (genitive)
Alexandrīa (nominative singular)
Alexandrīae (genitive singular)
Alexandrīae (dative singular)
Alexandrīam (accusative singular)
Alexandrīā (ablative singular)
Alexandrīa (singular vocative)
Alexandrīae (locative singular)

[äɫ̪ɛks̠än̪ˈd̪riːä]


Christus

Chrīstus m sg (genitive Chrīstī); second declension

Chrīstus (canonical masculine singular)
Chrīstī (genitive)
Chrīstus (nominative singular)
Chrīstī (genitive singular)
Chrīstō (dative singular)
Chrīstum (accusative singular)
Chrīstō (ablative singular)
Chrīste (singular vocative)

→ Breton: Krist

→ Catalan: Crist

→ Cornish: Krist

→ Czech: Kristus

→ Danish: Kristus

→ Dutch: Christus

→ Galician: Cristo

→ German: Christus

→ Luxembourgish: Christus

→ Faroese: Kristus

→ Finnish: Kristus

Italian: Cristo

→ Latvian: Kristus

→ Lithuanian: Kristus

→ Middle French: Christ
French: Christ

→ Norman: Christ

desctree

→ Old English: Crist, Krist, ᛣᚱᛁᛋᛏ — Ruthwell Cross
Middle English: Crist, Cryst, Criste, Cryste, Kryst, Christ, Crest (in compound)
English: Christ
Scots: Christ
Yola: Cresst

→ Old Irish: Críst
Irish: Críost
Manx: Creest
Scottish Gaelic: Crìosd

→ Polish: Chrystus

→ Portuguese: Cristo

→ Slovene: Kristus

→ Spanish: Cristo

→ Swedish: Kristus

→ Welsh: Crist

→ Malayalam: ക്രിസ്തു (kristu)

From Ancient Greek Χρῑστός (Khrīstós), proper noun use of χρῑστός (khrīstós, “the anointed one”), a calque of Biblical Hebrew מָשִׁיחַ (māšīaḥ, “anointed”) and Biblical Aramaic ܡܫܺܝܚܳܐ (m'šīḥāʾ).

der

initium evangelii Jesu Christi Filii Dei

Late 4th century, Jerome [et al.], transl., edited by Roger Gryson, Biblia Sacra: Iuxta Vulgatam Versionem (Vulgate), 5th edition, Stuttgart: Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, published 2007, →ISBN, 1:1:

"The beginning of the gospel of Jesus Christ, the Son of God"


Servius

la-proper noun

Servius m (genitive Serviī or Servī); second declension

Serviī (genitive)
Servī (genitive)
Servius (nominative singular)
Serviī (nominative plural)
Serviī (genitive singular)
Servī (genitive singular)
Serviōrum (genitive plural)
Serviō (dative singular)
Serviīs (dative plural)
Servium (accusative singular)
Serviōs (accusative plural)
Serviō (ablative singular)
Serviīs (ablative plural)
Servī (singular vocative)
Serviī (plural vocative)


Syracusae

Syrācūsae f pl (genitive Syrācūsārum); first declension

Syrācūsae (canonical feminine plural)
Syrācūsārum (genitive)
Syrācūsae (nominative plural)
Syrācūsārum (genitive plural)
Syrācūsīs (dative plural)
Syrācūsās (accusative plural)
Syrācūsīs (ablative plural)
Syrācūsae (plural vocative)
Syrācūsīs (locative plural)

→ English: Syracuse

Italian: Siracusa

Sicilian: Saragusa

[s̠ʏräːˈkuːs̠äe̯]

From Ancient Greek Συρᾱ́κουσαι (Surā́kousai).


Venetia

Venetia f sg (genitive Venetiae); first declension

Venetiae (genitive)
Venetia (nominative singular)
Venetiae (genitive singular)
Venetiae (dative singular)
Venetiam (accusative singular)
Venetiā (ablative singular)
Venetia (singular vocative)
Venetiae (locative singular)

Gallo-Italic

Emilian: Venêzia

Ligurian: Venessia

Lombard: Venèzia

Piedmontese: Venessia

Italo-Dalmatian

Corsican: Venezia

Italian: Venezia

Greek: Βενέτσια (Venétsia)

Neapolitan: Venezia

Sicilian: Vinezzia

Old French: Venise

Middle French: Venisse

French: Venise
→ Vietnamese: Vơ-ni-dơ

Norman: V'nise, Venise

Picard: Venise

desctree

→ Middle English: Venyse, Venys, Venyce, Venice, Venise, Venecia
English: Venice (see there for further descendants)
Scots: Venis, Venise, Veneis, Venice

Old Occitan:

Catalan: Venècia

Occitan: Venècia

Rhaeto-Romance

Friulian: Vignesie

Ladin: Unieja

Romansch: Vaniescha, Venezia

Sardinian: Venetzia

desc

Venetan: Venesia, Venèsia, Venexia, Venèxia, Venèzsia, Venezsia

West Iberian

Old Galician-Portuguese:

Galician: Venecia

Portuguese: Veneza

Old Spanish:

Spanish: Venecia

→ Greek: Βενετία (Venetía)

→ Irish: Veinéis

→ Romanian: Veneția

→ Russian: Венеция (Venecija) (see there for further descendants)

desctree

→ Slovene: Benetke
→ Czech: Benátky
→ Slovak: Benátky

[u̯ɛˈnɛt̪iä]

From Venetī + -ia (suffix forming place names).

suffix

(historical) Venetia (a region held by the Veneti in antiquity)

(Medieval Latin, New Latin) Venice (a city and former polity in northeastern Italy)


Nineve

la-proper noun

Nīnevē f sg (genitive Nīnevēs); first declension

Nīnevē (canonical feminine singular)
Nīnevēs (genitive)
Nīnevē (nominative singular)
Nīnevēs (genitive singular)
Nīnevēs (dative singular)
Nīnevēn (accusative singular)
Nīnevē (ablative singular)
Nīnevē (singular vocative)
Nīnevae (locative singular)


Kaeso

la-noun

Kaesō m sg (genitive Kaesōnis); third declension

Kaesō (canonical masculine singular)
Kaesōnis (genitive)
Kaesō (nominative singular)
Kaesōnis (genitive singular)
Kaesōnī (dative singular)
Kaesōnem (accusative singular)
Kaesōne (ablative singular)
Kaesō (singular vocative)

Roman writers described the name as either coming from caesius (“blue-grey”), describing eyes, or from caedere (“to cut”). More at Kaeso.


Marcus

la-proper noun

Mārcus m (genitive Mārcī, feminine Mārca); second declension

Mārcus (canonical masculine)
Mārcī (genitive)
Mārca (feminine)
Mārcus (nominative singular)
Mārcī (nominative plural)
Mārcī (genitive singular)
Mārcōrum (genitive plural)
Mārcō (dative singular)
Mārcīs (dative plural)
Mārcum (accusative singular)
Mārcōs (accusative plural)
Mārcō (ablative singular)
Mārcīs (ablative plural)
Mārce (singular vocative)
Mārcī (plural vocative)

Catalan: Marc

Italian: Marco

Ligurian: Marco

Old French: Marc

French: Marc

Portuguese: Marco

Spanish: Marcos, Marco

Venetan: Marco

Walloon: Mår

→ Albanian: Mark

→ Ancient Greek: Μᾶρκος (Mârkos)

Greek: Μάρκος (Márkos)

→ Basque: Marko

→ Czech: Marek

→ Danish: Markus

→ Dutch: Marcus

→ English: Marcus

→ Esperanto: Marko

→ Estonian: Markus

→ Faroese: Markus

→ Finnish: Markus, Markku

→ Galician: Marcos

→ German: Markus, Marcus

→ Hawaiian: Mareko, Maleko

→ Hungarian: Márk

→ Icelandic: Markús

→ Irish: Marcas

→ Japanese: マルコ (Maruko)

→ Latvian: Marks, Markuss

→ Lithuanian: Márkas, Mõrkus

→ Manx: Markys

→ Middle English: Mark

English: Mark

→ Maltese: Mark

→ Swahili: Marko

→ Norwegian: Markus, Marcus

→ Polish: Marek

→ Portuguese: Marcos

→ Romanian: Marcu

→ Scottish Gaelic: Marc

→ Slovak: Marek

→ Swedish: Markus, Marcus

→ Ukrainian: Марко (Marko)

→ Welsh: Marc

→ West Frisian: Markus

→ Yiddish: מאַרק (mark)

From *mārtcus, from the name of the god Mārs + -cus. Probable doublet of Māmercus.

Narrant enim Marcus et Lucas, sicut et alii apostoli omnia, quae de Jesu referunt memorabilia, eo modo quo probi honestique viri, omnisque fraudis expertes solent; id quod tibi manifestissime in oculos incurret scripta eorum aliqua cum auimi attentione perlegenti.

1811, Johann Ludwig Himly, De Jesu in Coelum Ascensu, chapter 1, section 2, page 11:


Pharao

Pharaō m (genitive Pharaōnis); third declension

Pharaō (canonical masculine)
Pharaōnis (genitive)
Pharaō (nominative singular)
Pharaōnēs (nominative plural)
Pharaōnis (genitive singular)
Pharaōnum (genitive plural)
Pharaōnī (dative singular)
Pharaōnibus (dative plural)
Pharaōnem (accusative singular)
Pharaōnēs (accusative plural)
Pharaōne (ablative singular)
Pharaōnibus (ablative plural)
Pharaō (singular vocative)
Pharaōnēs (plural vocative)

→ Asturian: faraón

→ Catalan: faraó

→ Czech: faraon, farao

→ Danish: farao

→ Dutch: farao

→ Old English: pharao

Middle English: pharao, pharaon

English: pharaoh, pharaon

→ Japanese: ファラオ (farao)

→ Korean: 파라오 (parao)

→ Thai: ฟาโรห์ (faa-roo)

→ Esperanto: faraono

→ French: pharaon

→ Khmer: ផារ៉ាអុង (para'ong)

→ Vietnamese: pha-ra-ông

→ Galician: faraón

→ German: Pharao

→ Hungarian: fáraó

→ Italian: faraone

→ Sicilian: faraguni

→ Maltese: faragħun

→ Norwegian: farao

→ Occitan: faraon

→ Polish: faraon

→ Portuguese: faraó

→ Romanian: faraon

→ Slovak: faraón

→ Old Spanish: pharaon

Spanish: faraón

→ Swedish: farao

→ Finnish: faarao

→ Tagalog: paro

→ Volapük: faraon (♂♀), Volapük: hifaraon (♂), jifaraon (♀)

From Ancient Greek Φαραώ (Pharaṓ), from Biblical Hebrew פַּרְעֹה (par‘ōh), from Egyptian pr:aA (pr-ꜥꜣ, “palace”, “pharaoh”).

der

<i class="Latn mention" lang="egy">pr-ꜥꜣ</i>

Dēnique Mōȳsē interpretātur sūmptus ex aquā. Invēnit eum ad rīpam flūminis expositum fīlia Pharaōnis, quem colligēns adoptāvit sibi.

c. 600 CE – 625 CE, Isidorus Hispalensis, Etymologiae 7.6.46

Then 'Moses' is interpreted as 'taken out of water'. The daughter of the Pharaoh found him abandoned on the bank of the river and adopted him.


Tarentum

la-proper noun

Tarentum n sg (genitive Tarentī); second declension

Tarentī (genitive)
Tarentum (nominative singular)
Tarentī (genitive singular)
Tarentō (dative singular)
Tarentum (accusative singular)
Tarentō (ablative singular)
Tarentum (singular vocative)
Tarentī (locative singular)

→ English: Tarentum

Italian: Taranto

→ English: Taranto

Sicilian: Tàrantu, Tàrintu

[t̪äˈrɛn̪t̪ʊ̃ˑ]

From Ancient Greek Τάρᾱς (Tárās), of uncertain origin but probably Pre-Greek and related to Illyrian *darandos (“oak”).


Carthago

Carthāgō f sg (genitive Carthāginis); third declension

Carthāgō (canonical feminine singular)
Carthāginis (genitive)
Carthāgō (nominative singular)
Carthāginis (genitive singular)
Carthāginī (dative singular)
Carthāginem (accusative singular)
Carthāgine (ablative singular)
Carthāgō (singular vocative)
Carthāgine (locative singular)
Carthāginī (locative singular)

→ Dutch: Carthago

→ English: Carthage

→ French: Carthage

→ German: Karthago

→ Italian: Cartagine

→ Portuguese: Cartago

→ Romanian: Cartagina

→ Spanish: Cartago

[kärˈt̪ʰäːɡoː]

[kärˈt̪äːɡo]

From Phoenician 𐤒𐤓𐤕-𐤇𐤃𐤔𐤕 (qrt-ḥdšt), possibly via Etruscan *𐌂𐌀𐌓𐌈𐌀𐌆𐌀 (*carθaza), from 𐤒𐤓𐤕 (qrt, “city”) + 𐤇𐤃𐤔𐤕 (ḥdšt, “new”) as opposed to the colonists' mother city of Tyre. Compare Hebrew קֶרֶת (qeret, “city”), קִרְיָה (kiryah), חָדָשׁ (ḥāḏāš, “new”), Aramaic קַרְתָּא (qartā, “city”), חֲדַתָּא (ḥəḏattā, “new”), Arabic قَرْيَة (qarya, “village”), and Arabic حَدِيث (ḥadīṯ, “new”). Doublet of Carthago Nova, Carchēdōn, and Carthada.

doublet

(historical) Carthage (an ancient city-state and former empire centered on modern Tunisia)

(chiefly historical) Synonym of Carthagenna, Cartagena (a city in Spain)


Athenae

[äˈt̪ʰeːnäe̯]


Athenae

la-proper noun

Athēnae f pl (genitive Athēnārum); first declension

Athēnae (canonical feminine plural)
Athēnārum (genitive)
Athēnae (nominative plural)
Athēnārum (genitive plural)
Athēnīs (dative plural)
Athēnās (accusative plural)
Athēnīs (ablative plural)
Athēnae (plural vocative)
Athēnīs (locative plural)

Japanese: アテネ (Atene)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Ἀθῆναι (Athênai, “Athens”).

der

[äˈt̪ʰeːnäe̯]


Londinium

la-proper noun

Londinium n sg (genitive Londiniī or Londinī); second declension

Londiniī (genitive)
Londinī (genitive)
Londinium (nominative singular)
Londiniī (genitive singular)
Londinī (genitive singular)
Londiniō (dative singular)
Londinium (accusative singular)
Londiniō (ablative singular)
Londinium (singular vocative)
Londiniī (locative singular)

→ Ancient Greek: Λονδίνιον (Londínion)

desctree

→ Old English: Lunden
Middle English: Lunden, London
English: London
Norwegian Bokmål: London
→ Latin: Lundonia
→? Old French: Londres, Londrez
Middle French: Londres
French: Londres (see there for further descendants)
→ Old Galician-Portuguese: Londres
Galician: Londres
Portuguese: Londres

→ English: Londinium

→ German: London

Sicilian: Lògnina, Lònnira

[ɫ̪ɔn̪ˈd̪ɪniʊ̃ˑ]

Uncertain, but likely from Proto-Celtic *Londinyom (“place that floods”), from Proto-Indo-European *lendʰ- (“heath; wild land”) + *-injo-, a suffix forming specific nouns and found in other Romano-Celtic placenames. Cognate to Proto-Celtic *landā (“low-lying land”), whence Old Irish land, Welsh llan, as well as *londos (“subduing > fierce”, adj.), whence Old Irish lond.
Details
An earlier, more difficult proposal derives it from *Φlowonidonyom, morphologically adapted from a pre-Celtic Indo-European substrate word meaning something like “Boat River, Unfordable River” or “Flooding-River” and made up of Proto-Indo-European *plew- (“to flow”) and a disputed *neyd- (“to flow”).
Forms in -don- could be artificial Latinizations modelled after e.g. Old English Wreocen < Latin Viroconium (modern Wroxeter). Appears as Middle Welsh Llundein, Old English Lunden, which may not continue the Classical Latin form, but may continue Late British Latin *Lundeinju if the medial -i- of the original word was short. Cf. Etymology of London.

der

(Classical Latin) Londinium (a city in Britannia, Roman Empire; modern London)

(Medieval Latin, New Latin) London (the capital city of the United Kingdom; capital city of England)


Persia

la-proper noun

Persia f sg (genitive Persiae); first declension

Persiae (genitive)
Persia (nominative singular)
Persiae (genitive singular)
Persiae (dative singular)
Persiam (accusative singular)
Persiā (ablative singular)
Persia (singular vocative)
Persiae (locative singular)

Immō ad tē attinent et tuā refert. Nam ex Persiā sunt haec allātae mihi ā meō erō.

Why yes, it bears reference to yourself, and it does relate to you. But it has just now been brought me from Persia, from my master.