tot

From Proto-Indo-European *toti, adverb from *só. Cognate with Sanskrit तति (táti), Ancient Greek τόσος (tósos).

Quid faciant paucī contrā tot mīlia fortēs?

What can a few brave men do against so many thousands [of soldiers]?
(Ovid here recounts the Battle of the Cremera.)

† Turned conjunction with original meaning somewhat dissimulated° Rare‡only used as a conjunction


quantum

→ Dutch: kvante (learned)

desctree

→ English: quantum (learned)
→ French: quantum
→ Portuguese: quantum

French: quant

→ German: Quantum (learned)

Italian: quanto

Spanish: cuanto

Portuguese: quanto

[ˈkʷän̪t̪ʊ̃ˑ]

da mihi tantum aquae quantum vini

(when coupled with tantum) as much of […] as


hoc

As a pronoun:

Northern Gallo-Romance:

Old Franco-Provençal: o

Franco-Provençal: ho, o, ou

Oïl:

Old Bourbonnais-Berrichon: o

Old French: o (only in early texts)

Old Poitevin-Saintongeais: au, ou, o

Poitevin-Saintongeais: au, ou, zou

Southern Gallo-Romance:

Aragonese: hu, hue (Ribagorçan)

Catalan: ho

desc

Old Occitan: o, ou, vo, va, ag, ac, ec, heg

Occitan: o, vo, va, ac, ec, at, a, zo

As an affirmative particle:

Northern Gallo-Romance:

⇒ Old Franco-Provençal: dire que o (“say 'yes'”)

Oïl:

Franc-Comtois: o

Lorrain: o

Old French: ne dire ne o ne non (“say neither 'yes' nor 'no'”)

Poitevin-Saintongeais: vâou, gao

Southern Gallo-Romance:

Old Catalan: hoc, oc, hoch

Catalan: hoc ("indeed", adv.)

Old Occitan: oc

Occitan: òc

For *hod + -ce, from Proto-Italic *hod n sg (“this”) + *ke (“here”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰe (“discourse particle”) + *ḱe (“deictic particle”).

der

nominative/accusative neuter singular of hic (“this”)


hoc

ablative masculine/neuter singular of hic (“this”)

...quō maius crīmen sit id quod ostendātur falsum, hōc maiōrem ab eō iniūriam fierī, quī id cōnfingat.

...the more serious the accusation which is shown to be false, the greater the offense committed by the fabricator.

(with a comparative, correlative of quod) for this reason, because of this


aliqui

la-det

aliquī or aliquis (feminine aliqua, neuter aliquod); indeclinable portion with a relative/interrogative pronoun

aliquī (canonical)
aliquis (canonical)
indeclinable portion with a relative (canonical)
interrogative pronoun (canonical)
aliqua (feminine)
aliquod (neuter)
aliquī (masculine nominative singular)
aliquis (masculine nominative singular)
aliqua (feminine nominative singular)
aliquod (neuter nominative singular)
aliquī (masculine nominative plural)
aliquae (feminine nominative plural)
aliqua (neuter nominative plural)
alicuius (feminine genitive masculine neuter singular)
aliquōrum (genitive masculine plural)
aliquārum (feminine genitive plural)
aliquōrum (genitive neuter plural)
alicui (dative feminine masculine neuter singular)
aliquīs (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
aliquibus (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
aliquem (accusative masculine singular)
aliquam (accusative feminine singular)
aliquod (accusative neuter singular)
aliquōs (accusative masculine plural)
aliquās (accusative feminine plural)
aliqua (accusative neuter plural)
aliquō (ablative masculine singular)
aliquā (ablative feminine singular)
aliquō (ablative neuter singular)
aliquīs (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
aliquibus (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)

(pronoun) someone, something, anyone, anything


iste

iste (feminine ista, neuter istud); demonstrative pronoun (pronominal)

ista (feminine)
istud (neuter)
iste (masculine nominative singular)
ista (feminine nominative singular)
istud (neuter nominative singular)
istī (masculine nominative plural)
istae (feminine nominative plural)
ista (neuter nominative plural)
istī̆us (feminine genitive masculine neuter singular)
istōrum (genitive masculine plural)
istārum (feminine genitive plural)
istōrum (genitive neuter plural)
istī (dative feminine masculine neuter singular)
istīs (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
istum (accusative masculine singular)
istam (accusative feminine singular)
istud (accusative neuter singular)
istōs (accusative masculine plural)
istās (accusative feminine plural)
ista (accusative neuter plural)
istō (ablative masculine singular)
istā (ablative feminine singular)
istō (ablative neuter singular)
istīs (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)

Balkan Romance:

Romanian: ăst

Italo-Romance:

Italian: esto, 'sto ⇒ stesso

Neapolitan: stu ⇒ stesso

Sicilian: stu

Padanian:

Ligurian: sto

Lombard: sto

Piedmontese: st, ist, sto

Venetian: sto

Gallo-Romance:

Catalan: est

desc

Franco-Provençal: sti (Forez), stu (Val Terbi), stú (Naisey) ⇒ stù sì, stù kyì (Naisey)

Old French: ist, es (early; last attested 11th c.)

Gascon: este

Old Occitan: est, esto, sto

Provençal: este, esto

Ibero-Romance:

Asturian: esti

Mirandese: este

Mozarabic: שת (št)

Old Galician-Portuguese: [Term?]

Galician: este, iste

Portuguese: este

Spanish: este

Insular Romance

Sardinian: iste, istu

From Proto-Italic *esto, from Proto-Indo-European *só, with only the second part declining.
Cognate with Lepontic 𐌉𐌑𐌏𐌔 (iśos) and Albanian ashtu. See also tum, tam.

… Et suprā caput adstitit: “Hunc ego Dītī

29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 4.702-703

And [Iris] placed herself just above [Dido’s] head: “Having been ordered [to do so], I am bringing this [lock of hair as] a sacred offering to Dis, and I release [your spirit] from that body [which was yours].”
(See: Dis Pater.)

sacrum iussa ferō, tēque istō corpore solvō.”

(determiner) that (near you); those (in the plural)

(pronoun) that one (near you); that (thing); those ones (in the plural); those (things); he, she, it


aliquot

English: aliquot

German: aliquot

French: aliquote

Interlingua: aliquot

Portuguese: alíquota

Spanish: alícuota

[ˈälʲɪkʷɔt̪]


ille

Balkan Romance:

Romanian: ăl, ăla, aia, ăia, alea, ăluia, ăleia, ălora (regional)

Italo-Romance:

Central Italian: illi (M.PL)

Old Neapolitan: illo (Salentino)

Sicilian: iḍḍu

Padanian:

Ligurian: lò (Pigna)

Piedmontese: lò

Gallo-Romance:

Old French: le, la, els (last attested 13th c.)

Old Occitan: lo

Occitan: le (Toulouse)

Ibero-Romance:

Spanish: lo

Insular Romance:

Old Sardinian: illu

From Old Latin olle (“he, that”) (also ollus, olla), from Proto-Italic *olnos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ol-no-s or *h₂l̥-no-s, from *h₂el- (“beyond, other”). Cognate with Latin uls (“beyond”), alius (“other”), and alter (“the other”); Umbrian ulu (“to that place”), Old Church Slavonic лани (lani, “last year”, literally “in that (year)”).
Initial i- from o- has no parallel case and may be owing to contamination from is, iste or due to the palatalizing effect of l exilis.

cog

ille regit dictīs animōs et pectora mulcet

that [man], by having spoken, guides [their] minds and soothes [their] hearts

4th century, St Jerome, Vulgate, Tobit 3:24
in illo tempore exauditae sunt preces amborum in conspectu gloriae summi Dei
at that time the prayers of them both were heard in the sight of the glory of the most high God


ipse

la-det

ipse (feminine ipsa, neuter ipsum); demonstrative pronoun (pronominal)

ipsa (feminine)
ipsum (neuter)
ipse (masculine nominative singular)
ipsa (feminine nominative singular)
ipsum (neuter nominative singular)
ipsī (masculine nominative plural)
ipsae (feminine nominative plural)
ipsa (neuter nominative plural)
ipsī̆us (feminine genitive masculine neuter singular)
ipsōrum (genitive masculine plural)
ipsārum (feminine genitive plural)
ipsōrum (genitive neuter plural)
ipsī (dative feminine masculine neuter singular)
ipsīs (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
ipsum (accusative masculine singular)
ipsam (accusative feminine singular)
ipsum (accusative neuter singular)
ipsōs (accusative masculine plural)
ipsās (accusative feminine plural)
ipsa (accusative neuter plural)
ipsō (ablative masculine singular)
ipsā (ablative feminine singular)
ipsō (ablative neuter singular)
ipsīs (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)

Aragonese: ixe, ixa

Aromanian: nãs, nãsã, is, isã

Catalan: eixe, eixa, eixos, eixes

Eastern or Balearic: es, sa, es, ses

desc

Galician: ese, esa, iso, eses, esas, eis

Gascon: ishe, isha

Italian: esso, essa, essi, esse ⇒ stesso, stessa

Old Franco-Provençal: eis, eissament

Franco-Provençal: pas n'eis (Terres Froides)

Old French: es, esse, is, en esse de

French: en esse de (regional, Eastern France)

Lorrain: èche de

Occitan: eis, eissa

Piedmontese: ës, s, së, is

Portuguese: esse, essa, isso, esses, essas

Romanian: îns, însă, însăși, însele, însuși, înșiși

Sardinian: issu; su

Spanish: ese, esa, eso, esos, esas

From Proto-Italic *e(s)peso, a compound pronoun whose -p- is of difficult-to-trace origin. See the Proto-Italic entry for more.
The p is traditionally explained as as follows. In Old Latin when both parts were inflected, an epenthetic consonant p was inserted in the form *eum-sum, yielding eum-p-sum. From these accusative forms the stems -pso and -psā were extracted and adapted to the nominative forms, thus ipsus and eapsa. Ultimately the paradigm was assimilated to that of iste, ille, with only later in the history of Latin neuter ipsum becoming ipsud.
De Vaan argues that the -p- need not necessarily be epenthetic, but instead it may be the particle -pe.

cōpiaque ipsa nocet

and the very abundance [of choices] hurts

(emphatic) himself, herself, itself, the very, the actual

Ūnam, quae Lyciōs fīdumque vehēbat Orontēn,
ipsius ante oculōs, ingēns ā vertice pontus
in puppim ferit ….
One [ship], which was carrying the faithful Orontes and [his] Lycians – [and it happened] before the eyes of [Aeneas] himself – a huge wave [descending] from high above smashes upon [its] stern ….

29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 1.113–115

specific reference to the chief, the leader, the one, etc., used to distinguish the principal person from the subordinates

for one's part, for his part, for her part

… tempus sēcum ipsa modumque / exigit, ….

29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 4.475–476

[..., and] all by herself [Dido] works out the time and manner [of her own death], ….
(Literally, “with she herself;” in other words, Dido tells no one about her suicidal thoughts.)

alone, by oneself, by one's own accord, of one's own nature

nunc ipsum

tum ipsum

exactly, precisely, just (with a numeral or for contrast)


quot

From Proto-Italic *kʷot, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷoti, adverb from *kʷos, *kʷis. Cognate with Ancient Greek πόσος (pósos) and Sanskrit कति (kati).

Quot occentabas?


noster

la-det

noster (feminine nostra, neuter nostrum); first/second-declension determiner (nominative masculine singular in -er)

nostra (feminine)
nostrum (neuter)
in -er (masculine nominative singular)
noster (masculine nominative singular)
nostra (feminine nominative singular)
nostrum (neuter nominative singular)
nostrī (masculine nominative plural)
nostrae (feminine nominative plural)
nostra (neuter nominative plural)
nostrī (genitive masculine singular)
nostrae (feminine genitive singular)
nostrī (genitive neuter singular)
nostrōrum (genitive masculine plural)
nostrārum (feminine genitive plural)
nostrōrum (genitive neuter plural)
nostrō (dative masculine singular)
nostrae (dative feminine singular)
nostrō (dative neuter singular)
nostrīs (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
nostrum (accusative masculine singular)
nostram (accusative feminine singular)
nostrum (accusative neuter singular)
nostrōs (accusative masculine plural)
nostrās (accusative feminine plural)
nostra (accusative neuter plural)
nostrō (ablative masculine singular)
nostrā (ablative feminine singular)
nostrō (ablative neuter singular)
nostrīs (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
noster (masculine singular vocative)
nostra (feminine singular vocative)
nostrum (neuter singular vocative)
nostrī (masculine plural vocative)
nostrae (feminine plural vocative)
nostra (neuter plural vocative)
nostrī (locative masculine singular)
nostrae (feminine locative singular)
nostrī (locative neuter singular)
nostrīs (feminine locative masculine neuter plural)

desc

Aromanian: nostru, noastrã, noshtri, noastri

Catalan: nostre, nostres

Dalmatian: nuester, nuestra

Franco-Provençal: noutro, noutra, noutros, noutres

Friulian: nestri, nestre, nestris

Istriot: nostro, nostra, nostri, nostre

Italian: nostro, nostra, nostri, nostre

Occitan: nòstre, nòstra, nòstres, nòstras

Old French: nostre, noz

French: notre, nôtre, nos

Old Leonese: nostro, nuestro, nostra, nuestra, nostros, nuestros, nostras, nuestras

Asturian: nuestru, nuestra, nuestros, nuestras

Old Galician-Portuguese: nostro

Old Spanish: nuestro, nuestra, nuestros, nuestras

Ladino: muestro, muestra, muestros, muestras

Piedmontese: nòstr, nòst

Romanian: nostru, noastră, noștri, noastre

Sardinian: nostru, nostra

Sassarese: nosthru, nosthra, nosthri

Sicilian: nostru, nostra, nostri

Venetian: nostro, nostra, nostri, nostre

Old Leonese: nosso, nossa, nossos, nossas

Asturian: nuesu, nuesa, nuesos, nuesa

Leonese: nuésu, nuésa, nuésus, nuésas

Mirandese: nuosso, nuossa, nuossos, nuossas

Old Galician-Portuguese: nosso, nossa, nossos, nossas

Eonavian: noso, nosa, nosos, nosas

Galician: noso, nosa, nosos, nosas

Romansch: noss, nossa, nossas

… cōnūbia nostra / reppulit, ac dominum Aenēān in rēgna recēpit.

29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 4.213–214

“[The woman …] has rejected our marriage-offer, and accepted Aeneas as lord in her realm.”
(King Iarbas, whom Queen Dido has rejected, refers to himself using the “royal we.”)


tuus

la-det

tuus (feminine tua, neuter tuum); first/second-declension determiner

tua (feminine)
tuum (neuter)
tuus (masculine nominative singular)
tua (feminine nominative singular)
tuum (neuter nominative singular)
tuī (masculine nominative plural)
tuae (feminine nominative plural)
tua (neuter nominative plural)
tuī (genitive masculine singular)
tuae (feminine genitive singular)
tuī (genitive neuter singular)
tuōrum (genitive masculine plural)
tuārum (feminine genitive plural)
tuōrum (genitive neuter plural)
tuō (dative masculine singular)
tuae (dative feminine singular)
tuō (dative neuter singular)
tuīs (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
tuum (accusative masculine singular)
tuam (accusative feminine singular)
tuum (accusative neuter singular)
tuōs (accusative masculine plural)
tuās (accusative feminine plural)
tua (accusative neuter plural)
tuō (ablative masculine singular)
tuā (ablative feminine singular)
tuō (ablative neuter singular)
tuīs (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
tue (masculine singular vocative)
tua (feminine singular vocative)
tuum (neuter singular vocative)
tuī (masculine plural vocative)
tuae (feminine plural vocative)
tua (neuter plural vocative)
tuī (locative masculine singular)
tuae (feminine locative singular)
tuī (locative neuter singular)
tuīs (feminine locative masculine neuter plural)

Aromanian: tãu, ta, tãi, tali

Asturian: to, tos

Old Catalan: tou, tua, tous, tues; (from unstressed) ton, ta, tos, tes

Catalan: teu, teva, teus, teves; ton, ta, tos, tes

Dalmatian: to, toa

French: ton, ta, tes

Friulian: to

Istro-Romanian: teu, te, teľ, tele

Italian: tuo, tua, tuoi, tue

Leonese: tou, tua, tous, tuas

Piedmontese: tò

Portuguese: teu, tua, teus, tuas

Romanian: tău, ta, tăi, tale

Romansch: tes

Sardinian: tou

Sicilian: tou, to

Spanish: tuyo, tuya, tuyos, tuyas, tu

⇒ Vulgar Latin: *teum

Franco-Provençal: tin

French: tien

Occitan: teu


suus

suus (feminine sua, neuter suum); first/second-declension determiner

sua (feminine)
suum (neuter)
suus (masculine nominative singular)
sua (feminine nominative singular)
suum (neuter nominative singular)
suī (masculine nominative plural)
suae (feminine nominative plural)
sua (neuter nominative plural)
suī (genitive masculine singular)
suae (feminine genitive singular)
suī (genitive neuter singular)
suōrum (genitive masculine plural)
suārum (feminine genitive plural)
suōrum (genitive neuter plural)
suō (dative masculine singular)
suae (dative feminine singular)
suō (dative neuter singular)
suīs (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
suum (accusative masculine singular)
suam (accusative feminine singular)
suum (accusative neuter singular)
suōs (accusative masculine plural)
suās (accusative feminine plural)
sua (accusative neuter plural)
suō (ablative masculine singular)
suā (ablative feminine singular)
suō (ablative neuter singular)
suīs (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
sue (masculine singular vocative)
sua (feminine singular vocative)
suum (neuter singular vocative)
suī (masculine plural vocative)
suae (feminine plural vocative)
sua (neuter plural vocative)
suī (locative masculine singular)
suae (feminine locative singular)
suī (locative neuter singular)
suīs (feminine locative masculine neuter plural)

Aromanian: seu

Asturian: so, sos

Corsican: so

Emilian: sova (Parma)

Franco-Provençal: son

Old French: son, sa, ses

Middle French: son, sons

French: son, sa, ses

Friulian: so, sô

Italian: suo, sua, suoi, sue

Mirandese: sou, sue

Old Catalan: sou, sua, sous, sues; (from unstressed) son, sa, sos, ses

Catalan: seu, seva, seus, seves; son, sa, sos, ses

Old Galician-Portuguese: sou, seu, sua

Fala: sei

Galician: seu, súa

Portuguese: seu, sua, seus, suas

Romanian: său, sa, săi, sale

Romansch: ses, sia

Spanish: suyo, suya, suyos, suyas; su, sus

Sardinian: suu, suos, sua, suas

Venetian: so, sùo, sóo, sùi, sùa, sùe

⇒ Vulgar Latin: *seum

Franco-Provençal: sin

French: sien

Occitan: seu

From Proto-Italic *sowos, from Proto-Indo-European *sewos, from *swé (“self”).
See also Ancient Greek ἑός (heós), Russian свой (svoj), Old Irish féin (“self, himself”), German sein, Old Norse sik (“oneself”), Gothic 𐍃𐍅𐌴𐍃 (swēs, “one’s own”), Old Church Slavonic свои (svoi, “his, her, its”) and своꙗкъ (svojakŭ, “kinsman, relative”), Latin suescere (“to accustom, get accustomed”) and sodalis (“companion”), Sanskrit स्व (sva, “one's own”).

Acceptis autem quinque panibus et duobus piscibus respexit in caelum et benedixit illis et fregit et distribuit discipulis suis ut ponerent ante turbas.

Then [Jesus] took the five loaves and the two fishes, and looking up to heaven, he blessed them, and broke, and gave to his disciples to set before the multitude.

(possessive, reflexive) his, her, hers, its (own)


meus

meus (feminine mea, neuter meum); first/second-declension determiner

mea (feminine)
meum (neuter)
meus (masculine nominative singular)
mea (feminine nominative singular)
meum (neuter nominative singular)
meī (masculine nominative plural)
meae (feminine nominative plural)
mea (neuter nominative plural)
meī (genitive masculine singular)
meae (feminine genitive singular)
meī (genitive neuter singular)
meōrum (genitive masculine plural)
meārum (feminine genitive plural)
meōrum (genitive neuter plural)
meō (dative masculine singular)
meae (dative feminine singular)
meō (dative neuter singular)
meīs (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
meum (accusative masculine singular)
meam (accusative feminine singular)
meum (accusative neuter singular)
meōs (accusative masculine plural)
meās (accusative feminine plural)
mea (accusative neuter plural)
meō (ablative masculine singular)
meā (ablative feminine singular)
meō (ablative neuter singular)
meīs (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
mī (masculine singular vocative)
mea (feminine singular vocative)
meum (neuter singular vocative)
meī (masculine plural vocative)
meae (feminine plural vocative)
mea (neuter plural vocative)
meī (locative masculine singular)
meae (feminine locative singular)
meī (locative neuter singular)
meīs (feminine locative masculine neuter plural)

Aromanian: njeu, meu, nja, njei, njali

Asturian: mio, míu, mía, míos, míes

Old Catalan: meu, mia, meus, mies; (from unstressed) mon, ma, mos, mes

Catalan: meu, meva, meus, meves; mon, ma, mos, mes

Dalmatian: mi, maja

Franco-Provençal: min; mon

French: mon, ma, mes; mien, mienne, miens, miennes

Friulian: gno, mê, miei, mês

Galician: meu, miña, meus, miñas; (from unstressed) mi

Istriot: meîo, mio, meîa

Italian: mio, mia, miei, mie

Mirandese: miu, mie, mius, mies

Mozarabic: מו (mw)

Occitan: meu, meuna

Portuguese: meu, minha, meus, minhas

Piedmontese: mè, mia; meja (Valsesia)

Romanian: meu, mea, mei, mele

Romansch: mes, mia

Sardinian: meu, miu, mea, mia

Sicilian: meu, mè, mìu

Spanish: mío, mía, míos, mías, mi, mis

Venetian: mio, mé

Mitte hunc meā grātiā.


eius

Sardinian: eju

Et tradidit Dominus in manu eius Ioachim regem Iudae.

And the Lord gave Jehoiakim king of Judah into his hand.

genitive singular of is, ea, id (“anaphoric/cataphoric determiner”): his, of him, her, of her, its, of it; of this/of that


ambo

ambō (canonical masculine)
ambae (feminine)
ambō (neuter)
ambō (masculine nominative plural)
ambae (feminine nominative plural)
ambō (neuter nominative plural)
ambōrum (genitive masculine plural)
ambārum (feminine genitive plural)
ambōrum (genitive neuter plural)
ambōbus (dative masculine plural)
ambābus (dative feminine plural)
ambōbus (dative neuter plural)
ambōs (accusative masculine plural)
ambō (accusative masculine plural)
ambās (accusative feminine plural)
ambō (accusative neuter plural)
ambōbus (ablative masculine plural)
ambābus (ablative feminine plural)
ambōbus (ablative neuter plural)
ambō (masculine plural vocative)
ambae (feminine plural vocative)
ambō (neuter plural vocative)

English: ambi-

Esperanto: ambaŭ

Galician: ambos

Ido: amba

Interlingua: ambe

Italian: ambo

Old French: ambe, andeus

French: ambi-

Occitan: ambedós

Old Galician-Portuguese: ambos

Portuguese: ambos

Romanian: ambii, îmbi

Old Spanish: amos, ambos

Spanish: ambos, ambo

From Proto-Italic *amβō, cognate to Ancient Greek ἄμφω (ámphō, “both”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂n̥tbʰóh₁ (“both”), proposed to be from *h₂n̥t-bʰi (“from both sides”), one case form in -bʰi from the root noun *h₂ent- (“front, front side”), whence ante.
Related to ambi-, from Latin *amβi, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂m̥bʰi (“round about, around”), cognate to Ancient Greek ἀμφί (amphí, “around”), Gaulish ambi-, Proto-Germanic *umbi, Sanskrit उभौ (ubháu, “both, the two”), अभि (abhí, “towards, over, upon”).

cog

Hic locus est, partēs ubi sē via findit in ambās: dextera quae […]

This is the place where the way parts in both directions: the right one […]


cuius

la-det

cuius (feminine cuia, neuter cuium); first/second-declension determiner

cuia (feminine)
cuium (neuter)
cuius (masculine nominative singular)
cuia (feminine nominative singular)
cuium (neuter nominative singular)
cuiī (masculine nominative plural)
cuiae (feminine nominative plural)
cuia (neuter nominative plural)
cuiī (genitive masculine singular)
cuiae (feminine genitive singular)
cuiī (genitive neuter singular)
cuiōrum (genitive masculine plural)
cuiārum (feminine genitive plural)
cuiōrum (genitive neuter plural)
cuiō (dative masculine singular)
cuiae (dative feminine singular)
cuiō (dative neuter singular)
cuiīs (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
cuium (accusative masculine singular)
cuiam (accusative feminine singular)
cuium (accusative neuter singular)
cuiōs (accusative masculine plural)
cuiās (accusative feminine plural)
cuia (accusative neuter plural)
cuiō (ablative masculine singular)
cuiā (ablative feminine singular)
cuiō (ablative neuter singular)
cuiīs (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
cuie (masculine singular vocative)
cuia (feminine singular vocative)
cuium (neuter singular vocative)
cuiī (masculine plural vocative)
cuiae (feminine plural vocative)
cuia (neuter plural vocative)

Galician: cuxo

Portuguese: cujo

Sardinian: cuju

Old Spanish: cuyo

Spanish: cuyo

Depending on Etymology 1, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷo-s-yo-s (“of what kind”), or less likely a reinterpretation of the genitive. These forms were considered rustic by some and even mocked (see example), yet survive into Romance.

inh

Tītyre, sī toga calda tibi est, quō tegmine fāgī?Dīc mihi, Dāmoetā, 'cuium pecus' anne Latīnum?Nōn, vērum Aegōnis nostrī; sīc rūre locuntur.

perh. before 4th c. CE, Numitorius, Antibucolica 1.1, (fragment conserved in Donatus' Vita Vergiliana)

Say, Tityrus, if your toga is hot, what do you need the cover of the beech tree for?Tell me, Damoetas, is "whose cattle" even a Latin expression?No, it's my friend Aegon's; that's how they talk in the countryside.

Sustineō enim nōn modo meam, vērum etiam philosophiae dēfēnsiōnem, cuia magnitūdō vel minimam reprehēnsiōnem prō māximō crīmine aspernātur.

c. 125 CE – 180 CE, Apuleius, Apologia 1.3

I am undertaking not just a defence of myself, but one of Philosophy too, whose greatness rejects even the smallest blame as if it were the greatest crime.


vester

la-det

vester (feminine vestra, neuter vestrum); first/second-declension determiner (nominative masculine singular in -er)

vestra (feminine)
vestrum (neuter)
in -er (masculine nominative singular)
vester (masculine nominative singular)
vestra (feminine nominative singular)
vestrum (neuter nominative singular)
vestrī (masculine nominative plural)
vestrae (feminine nominative plural)
vestra (neuter nominative plural)
vestrī (genitive masculine singular)
vestrae (feminine genitive singular)
vestrī (genitive neuter singular)
vestrōrum (genitive masculine plural)
vestrārum (feminine genitive plural)
vestrōrum (genitive neuter plural)
vestrō (dative masculine singular)
vestrae (dative feminine singular)
vestrō (dative neuter singular)
vestrīs (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
vestrum (accusative masculine singular)
vestram (accusative feminine singular)
vestrum (accusative neuter singular)
vestrōs (accusative masculine plural)
vestrās (accusative feminine plural)
vestra (accusative neuter plural)
vestrō (ablative masculine singular)
vestrā (ablative feminine singular)
vestrō (ablative neuter singular)
vestrīs (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
vester (masculine singular vocative)
vestra (feminine singular vocative)
vestrum (neuter singular vocative)
vestrī (masculine plural vocative)
vestrae (feminine plural vocative)
vestra (neuter plural vocative)
vestrī (locative masculine singular)
vestrae (feminine locative singular)
vestrī (locative neuter singular)
vestrīs (feminine locative masculine neuter plural)

[ˈu̯ɛs̠t̪ɛr]

“Urbem quam statuō vestra est; subdūcite nāvīs.”
“The city which I am building is yours; draw [your] ships ashore.” – Queen Dido

(possessive) your, yours, of you (plural)


eadem

From the ablative form of īdem (“the same”).

inflection of īdem:
nominative feminine singular

inflection of īdem:
nominative/accusative neuter plural


voster

voster (feminine vostra, neuter vostrum); first/second-declension determiner (nominative masculine singular in -er)

vostra (feminine)
vostrum (neuter)
in -er (masculine nominative singular)
voster (masculine nominative singular)
vostra (feminine nominative singular)
vostrum (neuter nominative singular)
vostrī (masculine nominative plural)
vostrae (feminine nominative plural)
vostra (neuter nominative plural)
vostrī (genitive masculine singular)
vostrae (feminine genitive singular)
vostrī (genitive neuter singular)
vostrōrum (genitive masculine plural)
vostrārum (feminine genitive plural)
vostrōrum (genitive neuter plural)
vostrō (dative masculine singular)
vostrae (dative feminine singular)
vostrō (dative neuter singular)
vostrīs (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
vostrum (accusative masculine singular)
vostram (accusative feminine singular)
vostrum (accusative neuter singular)
vostrōs (accusative masculine plural)
vostrās (accusative feminine plural)
vostra (accusative neuter plural)
vostrō (ablative masculine singular)
vostrā (ablative feminine singular)
vostrō (ablative neuter singular)
vostrīs (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
voster (masculine singular vocative)
vostra (feminine singular vocative)
vostrum (neuter singular vocative)
vostrī (masculine plural vocative)
vostrae (feminine plural vocative)
vostra (neuter plural vocative)

desc

Aromanian: vostru, voastrã, voshtri, voastri

Asturian: vuestru, vuestra, vuestros, vuestres

Catalan: vostre, vostres

Dalmatian: vestro, vestra

Franco-Provençal: voutro, voutra, voutros, voutres

French: votre, vôtre, vos

Friulian: vuestri, vuestre, vuestris

Galician: voso, vosa, vosos, vosas

Istriot: vostro, vostra, vostri, vostre

Italian: vostro, vostra, vostri, vostre

Ladino: vuestro, vuestra, vuestros, vuestras, ב׳ואיסטראס, ב׳ואיסטרוס, ב׳ואיסטרה, ב׳ואיסטרו

Occitan: vòstre, vòstra, vòstres, vòstras

Piedmontese: vòstr

Romanian: vostru, voastră, voștri, voastre

Sardinian: bostru, bostra

Sicilian: vostru, vostra, vostri

Spanish: vuestro, vuestra, vuestros, vuestras

Venetian: vostro, vostra, vostri, vostre

Asturian: vuesu, vuesa, vuesos, vuesa

Old Galician-Portuguese: vosso, vossa, vossos, vossas

Galician: voso, vosa, vosos, vosas

Romansch: voss, vossa, vossas

[ˈu̯ɔs̠t̪ɛr]

Alternative form of vester ("your", "yours, "of you").


illud

nominative/accusative neuter singular of ille


qualis

quālis (canonical)
quālis (feminine masculine nominative singular)
quāle (neuter nominative singular)
quālēs (feminine masculine nominative plural)
quālia (neuter nominative plural)
quālis (feminine genitive masculine neuter singular)
quālium (feminine genitive masculine neuter plural)
quālī (dative feminine masculine neuter singular)
quālibus (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
quālem (accusative feminine masculine singular)
quāle (accusative neuter singular)
quālēs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
quālīs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
quālia (accusative neuter plural)
quālī (ablative feminine masculine neuter singular)
quālibus (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
quālis (feminine masculine singular vocative)
quāle (neuter singular vocative)
quālēs (feminine masculine plural vocative)
quālia (neuter plural vocative)

Aromanian: cari, care, cai

Dalmatian: cal

English: quale

Franco-Provençal: quâl

French: quel

Friulian: cuâl

Galician: cal

Italian: quale

Ladin: chel

Occitan: qual

Portuguese: qual

Romanian: care

Sicilian: quali

Spanish: cual

Venetian: quało

[ˈkʷäːlʲɪs̠]

From Proto-Indo-European *kʷo- (“interrogative, relative stem”) and maybe *h₂el- (“to grow”) (cf. the sense of indolēs, from this root). Cognate with Ancient Greek πηλίκος (pēlíkos).

der

tālis ... quālis

(interrogative) of what kind, sort, description, nature; what kind of

… quālis coniectā cerva sagittā, ….

… like a deer, wounded by an arrow ….
(Introduces a famous simile comparing Dido to a wounded deer; like the deer, she too will perish.)

(relative) of such kind as, one such as, just as, as, like

Prius aliquid esse dēbet, deinde quāle esse.

c. 65 CE, Seneca the Younger, Epistulae morales ad Lucilium 117.27.6

Something first needs to be, and then to be of a particular kind.

(technical, philosophy) of a particular kind


eodem

ablative masculine/neuter singular of īdem


aliquod

Friulian: alc

Portuguese: algo

Spanish: algo

→ Catalan: algo

[ˈälʲɪkʷɔd̪]

nominative/accusative neuter singular of aliquī


eiusdem

[ɛi̯ˈi̯ʊs̠d̪ɛ̃ˑ]


easdem

From the accusative feminine plural form of īdem (“the same”).


cuiusvis

la-det

cuiusvīs (feminine cuiavīs, neuter cuiumvīs); first/second-declension determiner with an indeclinable portion

cuiusvīs (canonical)
cuiavīs (feminine)
cuiumvīs (neuter)
cuiusvīs (masculine nominative singular)
cuiavīs (feminine nominative singular)
cuiumvīs (neuter nominative singular)
cuiīvīs (masculine nominative plural)
cuiaevīs (feminine nominative plural)
cuiavīs (neuter nominative plural)
cuiīvīs (genitive masculine singular)
cuiaevīs (feminine genitive singular)
cuiīvīs (genitive neuter singular)
cuiōrumvīs (genitive masculine plural)
cuiārumvīs (feminine genitive plural)
cuiōrumvīs (genitive neuter plural)
cuiōvīs (dative masculine singular)
cuiaevīs (dative feminine singular)
cuiōvīs (dative neuter singular)
cuiīsvīs (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
cuiumvīs (accusative masculine singular)
cuiamvīs (accusative feminine singular)
cuiumvīs (accusative neuter singular)
cuiōsvīs (accusative masculine plural)
cuiāsvīs (accusative feminine plural)
cuiavīs (accusative neuter plural)
cuiōvīs (ablative masculine singular)
cuiāvīs (ablative feminine singular)
cuiōvīs (ablative neuter singular)
cuiīsvīs (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
cuievīs (masculine singular vocative)
cuiavīs (feminine singular vocative)
cuiumvīs (neuter singular vocative)
cuiīvīs (masculine plural vocative)
cuiaevīs (feminine plural vocative)
cuiavīs (neuter plural vocative)

Use as an indefinite determiner of the common genitive singular forms of quīvīs.

[kʊi̯ˈi̯ʊs̠u̯iːs̠]

cūjavīs ōrātiō īnsimulārī potest

The discourse of anyone whatsoever may be assailed/falsely accused/misalleged.

to whomever pertaining, whosesoever, of anyone soever


cuiusvis

[kʊi̯ˈi̯ʊs̠u̯iːs̠]


eidem

inflection of īdem:
nominative masculine plural


quivis

quīvis (feminine quaevīs, neuter quodvīs); relative/interrogative pronoun (with m optionally → n in compounds) with an indeclinable portion

quīvis (canonical)
relative (canonical)
quaevīs (feminine)
quodvīs (neuter)
quīvis (masculine nominative singular)
quaevīs (feminine nominative singular)
quodvīs (neuter nominative singular)
quīvīs (masculine nominative plural)
quaevīs (feminine neuter nominative plural)
cuiusvīs (feminine genitive masculine neuter singular)
quōrunvīs (genitive masculine plural)
quōrumvīs (genitive masculine plural)
quārunvīs (feminine genitive plural)
quārumvīs (feminine genitive plural)
quōrunvīs (genitive neuter plural)
quōrumvīs (genitive neuter plural)
cuivīs (dative feminine masculine neuter singular)
quibusvīs (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
quīsvīs (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
quenvīs (accusative masculine singular)
quemvīs (accusative masculine singular)
quanvīs (accusative feminine singular)
quamvīs (accusative feminine singular)
quodvīs (accusative neuter singular)
quōsvīs (accusative masculine plural)
quāsvīs (accusative feminine plural)
quaevīs (accusative neuter plural)
quōvīs (ablative masculine singular)
quāvīs (ablative feminine singular)
quōvīs (ablative neuter singular)
quibusvīs (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
quīsvīs (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)


cujusvis

cujusvīs (genitive cujusvītis); indeclinable portion with a third-declension one-termination determiner

cujusvīs (canonical)
cujusvītis (genitive)

[kʊi̯ˈi̯ʊs̠u̯iːs̠]


cujusvis

[kʊi̯ˈi̯ʊs̠u̯iːs̠]

Alternative spelling of cuiusvīs (form of quīvīs as a determiner)


quovis

ablative masculine/neuter singular of quīvīs


ejusdem

[ɛi̯ˈi̯ʊs̠d̪ɛ̃ˑ]


ecqui

ecquī or ecquis (feminine ecqua or ecquae, neuter ecquod); indeclinable portion with a relative/interrogative pronoun

ecquī (canonical)
ecquis (canonical)
indeclinable portion with a relative (canonical)
interrogative pronoun (canonical)
ecqua (feminine)
ecquae (feminine)
ecquod (neuter)
ecquī (masculine nominative singular)
ecquis (masculine nominative singular)
ecqua (feminine nominative singular)
ecquae (feminine nominative singular)
ecquod (neuter nominative singular)
ecquī (masculine nominative plural)
ecquae (feminine nominative plural)
ecqua (neuter nominative plural)
ecquae (neuter nominative plural)
eccui (dative feminine masculine neuter singular)
ecquem (accusative masculine singular)
ecquam (accusative feminine singular)
ecquod (accusative neuter singular)
ecquōs (accusative masculine plural)
ecquās (accusative feminine plural)
ecqua (accusative neuter plural)
ecquae (accusative neuter plural)
ecquō (ablative masculine singular)
ecquā (ablative feminine singular)
ecquō (ablative neuter singular)

Plautus, Pseudolus, actus I. In: Plautus with an English translation by Paul Nixon, vol. IV of five volumes, 1930, p. 200f.:
Ecquas viginti minas
paritas ut auferas a me?
And you are making ready to get eighty pounds out of me ?

Publius Ovidius Naso, Ex Ponto, liber IV. In: Ovid with an English translation, Tristia • Ex Ponto, by Arthur Leslie Wheeler, 1939, p. 464f.:
ecquos tu silices, ecquod, carissime, ferrum
duritiae confers, Albinovane, meae ?
Can you compare any flint, Albinovanus, any iron to my endurance ?

Plautus, Stichus, actus I. In: Plautus with an English translation by Paul Nixon, vol. V of five volumes, 1952, p. 28f.:
qui cena poscit? ecqui poscit prandio?
Who offers a dinner? (silence) Anyone offer a lunch?


metipse

head

metipse (feminine metipsa, neuter metipsum)

Gallo-Romance:

desc

Old Catalan: mateix, meteix, mesex, meseix

Catalan: mateix

→ Sardinia:

Gallurese: mattessi

Sardinian: matéssi, matéssiu, mantéssi

Sassarese: matéssi

Old Occitan: meteix

Languedocien: meteis

Provençal: meteis

Vivaro-Alpine: meteis

Gascon: medish, medeish, madeish

Ibero-Romance:

Old Galician-Portuguese: medes

Old Spanish: medes

From the rebracketing of expressions such as egomet ipse (‘I’ with double emphasis), with the emphatic -met transferred from the pronoun to ipse (emphatic demonstrative). Attested in a text from the seventh century.


olle

From Old Latin ollus (“he, that”), from Proto-Italic *olnos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ol-no-s or *h₂l̥-no-s, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂el- (“beyond, other”).


ollud

nominative/accusative neuter singular of olle


eorundem

genitive masculine/neuter plural of īdem


isdem

dative/ablative masculine/feminine/neuter plural of īdem


cujusdam

genitive masculine/feminine/neuter singular of quīdam


cuiovis

dative/ablative masculine/neuter singular of cuiusvīs


cuiamvis

accusative feminine singular of cuiusvīs


cuivis

dative masculine/feminine/neuter singular of quīvīs


cuiumvis

inflection of cuiusvīs:
accusative masculine singular


cuiaevis

inflection of cuiusvīs:
nominative/vocative feminine plural

inflection of cuiusvīs:
genitive/dative feminine singular


cuiorumvis

genitive masculine/neuter plural of cuiusvīs


cuiivis

inflection of cuiusvīs:
nominative/vocative masculine plural

inflection of cuiusvīs:
genitive masculine/neuter singular


quorunvis

genitive masculine/neuter plural of quīvīs


quaevis

inflection of quīvīs:
nominative feminine singular/plural

inflection of quīvīs:
nominative/accusative neuter plural


cuiavis

inflection of cuiusvīs:
nominative/vocative feminine singular


quodvis

nominative/accusative neuter singular of quīvīs


quibusvis

dative/ablative masculine/feminine/neuter plural of quīvīs


ecquod

nominative/accusative neuter singular of ecquī


qualiscumque

la-det

quāliscumque (neuter quālecumque); third-declension two-termination determiner with an indeclinable portion

quāliscumque (canonical)
quālecumque (neuter)
quāliscumque (feminine masculine nominative singular)
quālecumque (neuter nominative singular)
quālēscumque (feminine masculine nominative plural)
quāliacumque (neuter nominative plural)
quāliscumque (feminine genitive masculine neuter singular)
quāliumcumque (feminine genitive masculine neuter plural)
quālīcumque (dative feminine masculine neuter singular)
quālibuscumque (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
quālemcumque (accusative feminine masculine singular)
quālecumque (accusative neuter singular)
quālēscumque (accusative feminine masculine plural)
quālīscumque (accusative feminine masculine plural)
quāliacumque (accusative neuter plural)
quālīcumque (ablative feminine masculine neuter singular)
quālibuscumque (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
quāliscumque (feminine masculine singular vocative)
quālecumque (neuter singular vocative)
quālēscumque (feminine masculine plural vocative)
quāliacumque (neuter plural vocative)

→ Old French: quelesquunques

French: quelconque

[kʷäːlʲɪs̠ˈkʊŋkʷɛ]

Hospitalis tibi illa qualiscumque sedes erit.

Any sort of place there will be hospitable to you. (Seneca, Epistulae Morales, III,28)

of what quality soever, of whatever kind, whatsoever sort

. any, each without distinction (transferred, Late Latin)


qualecumque

nominative/accusative/vocative neuter singular of quāliscumque


qualescumque

nominative/accusative/vocative masculine/feminine plural of quāliscumque


qualiumcumque

genitive masculine/feminine/neuter plural of quāliscumque


qualemcumque

accusative masculine/feminine singular of quāliscumque


qualiacumque

nominative/accusative/vocative neuter plural of quāliscumque


qualicumque

dative/ablative masculine/feminine/neuter singular of quāliscumque


qualibuscumque

dative/ablative masculine/feminine/neuter plural of quāliscumque


eccum ipse

head

*eccum ipse m (feminine *eccum ipsa, neuter *eccum ipsum)

eccum ipsa (feminine)
eccum ipsum (neuter)

Italo-Romance:

Corsican: quissu

Sicilian: chissu

Padanian:

Lombard: quex

Gallo-Romance:

Catalan: aqueix, agueix

Ibero-Romance:

Old Leonese: aquesse

Leonese: aquese

Old Galician-Portuguese: aquesse

Galician: aquese (Bierzo)

Portuguese: aquesse (Beira Baixa)

Spanish: aquese

Insular Romance:

Sardinian: cussu, icusse, cusse

From eccum (deictic) + ipse (“the very same”).


eccum iste

head

*eccum iste m (feminine *eccum ista, neuter *eccum istum)

eccum ista (feminine)
eccum istum (neuter)

Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: aestu

Megleno-Romanian: tsist

Romanian: acest, acestui

Dalmatian:

>? čost

Italo-Romance:

Corsican: questu, quistu

Italian: questo, costui

Neapolitan: chisto

Sicilian: chistu

North Italian:

Friulian: chest

Istriot: quisto

Ladin: chest

Piedmontese: cost

Romansch: quest

Venetian: cuesto

Gallo-Romance:

Catalan: aquest

Occitan: aqueste

Ibero-Romance:

Navarro-Aragonese: aquesti

Asturian: aquesti

Galician: aqueste (Bierzo)

Mirandese: aqueste

Navarro-Aragonese: aquesti

Portuguese: aqueste (Beira)

Spanish: aqueste

Insular Romance:

Sardinian: custu, icustu, icuste, custe

From eccum (deictic) + iste (“that one”).


eccum ille

*eccum ille m (feminine *eccum illa, neuter *eccum illum)

eccum illa (feminine)
eccum illum (neuter)

Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: atsel

Megleno-Romanian: tsel

Romanian: acel, acelui, cel

Dalmatian:

col

Italo-Romance:

Corsican: quellu, quillu, quiddu

Italian: quello, quegli, colui

Neapolitan: chillo

Sicilian: chiddu

North Italian:

Friulian: chel

Istriot: quil

>? Ladin: chël

Piedmontese: aquel, chiel, col

Romansch: quel

Venetian: cuel, cuelo

Occitano-Romance:

Catalan: aquell

Occitan:

Auvergnat: aquèl, aquelh

Gascon: aqueth, aceth

Languedocien: aquel

Limousin: aqueu

Provençal: aqueu

Vivaro-Alpine: aqueu

Ibero-Romance:

Aragonese: aquel, aquer

Asturian: aquel, aquelli

Mirandese: aquel, aqueilho

Old Galician-Portuguese: aquele, aquel

Galician: aquel, aquil, aquele

Portuguese: aquele, aquilo

Old Spanish:

Ladino: akel

Spanish: aquel, aquello

→ Interlingua: aquelle

Insular Romance:

Old Sardinian: icullu, cullu, *iculle

Sardinian: cuddu, icudde


eccum talis

eccum tālis (canonical feminine masculine)

Balkan Romance:

Megleno-Romanian: cutari

Romanian: cutare, acătării

Italo-Romance:

Italian: cotale

Gallo-Romance:

Occitan: aital

Old Catalan: aital


ecce iste

*ecce iste m (feminine *ecce ista, neuter *ecce istum)

ecce ista (feminine)
ecce istum (neuter)

desc

Franco-Provençal: ceti, ceta, cetos, cetes

Old French: cist, cest, ceste, cez, ces, cestui, cestei, cestor

Middle French: cest, ceste, ces, cestui, cestei (rare, dialectal)

French: cet, cette, ces, cetui (archaic, dialectal), cetei (dialectal, Burgundy)

From eccistum, an expression meaning 'here he is', changed into a regular determiner. Alternately a separate formation from ecce + iste.


ecce ille

head

*ecce ille m (feminine *ecce illa, neuter *ecce illum)

ecce illa (feminine)
ecce illum (neuter)

desc

Franco-Provençal: celi, cela, celos, celes, celor

q

Old French: cil (masculine singular and plural nominative case, variants in Picard Old French: chil or chiu), cel (Picard: chel), ceus (Picard: chiaus, Eastern Old French: ciaus), celes (Picard: chele), celui (Picard: chelui)

desc

Middle French: cel, celle, ceulx, celles, celuy

French: celle, ceux, celui, celei (dialectal, Burgundy), celeur (dialectal, archaic)

Lorrain: ceil, ceille, ceils, ceilles, çaux, celles, cî

Norman: chût (partially), chelle, cheux, chelles

Picard: chu, chèle (Ponthieu Picard: chole), chieux (Pas-de-Calais: chiaux), chèles (Ponthieu Picard: choles)

From eccillum, an expression meaning 'there he is', changed into a regular determiner. Alternately a separate formation from ecce + ille.


eccum hoc

Old Catalan: aco

Catalan: acò (obsolete)

Old Occitan: aco

Occitan: acò ⇒ peracò, pracò ⇒ enperacò

Old Galician-Portuguese: aco

Galician: acó


illurum

Navarro-Aragonese: lur

→ Old Spanish: lur (certain texts)

Old Catalan: lur

Catalan: llur (literary)

Old Occitan: lur

Occitan: lur (regional)

Modification of Classical Latin illōrum, with the new /ˈu/ perhaps taken from 'vulgar' forms like illūi (“to him”) or illūius (“his”).

them, their third-person plural genitive-dative