interrogative

interrogātīvē (comparative interrogātīvius, superlative interrogātīvissimē)

interrogātīvē (canonical)
interrogātīvius (comparative)
interrogātīvissimē (superlative)


hac

Feminine ablative singular of hic (“this”).

† Turned conjunction with original meaning somewhat dissimulated° Rare‡only used as a conjunction


magis

Aromanian: ma

Asturian: más

Catalan: més (“more”), mai (“never”)

Dalmatian: mui

Franco-Provençal: més, mas

French: mais

desc

Friulian: masse (“too much”), mai (“never”), ma

Galician: máis, mais

Istriot: mai

Italian: mai, ma

Greek: μα (ma)

Serbo-Croatian: ma

Neapolitan: ma, maje

Occitan: mai

Portuguese: mais, mas

Romanian: mai

Sardinian: mai, ma (“but”)

Sicilian: mai, ma

Spanish: más, mas

Synchronically, comparative of magnopere (“much, greatly”), adverbial form of magnus (“big, great”), built from its root + Proto-Indo-European *-is, zero-grade of *-yōs. Full grade in maior/maius.
Diachronically from Proto-Italic *magis, from Proto-Indo-European m̥ǵh₂-is from Proto-Indo-European *méǵh₂yōs.

eo magis

magis magisque (or) et magis

Quō magis inceptum peragat lūcemque relinquat, / vīdit, ….

29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 4.452–453

What’s more, that she might fulfill her resolve to leave the light, she saw, ….
(Dido, who is already contemplating suicide, now sees portents of doom.)

more, the more, in a greater measure, to a greater extent

ac magis

sed magis


rapide

la-adv

rapidē (comparative rapidius, superlative rapidissimē)

rapidē (canonical)
rapidius (comparative)
rapidissimē (superlative)


peius

Italo-Romance:

Italian: peggio

→ Sicilian: peggiu

Sicilian: peju

Insular Romance:

Sardinian: pejus

North Italian:

Friulian: piês

Ladin: piec

Lombard: pés

Piedmontese: pés, pets

Romansch: pis, pês

Venetan: pexo, pezo

Gallo-Romance:

Catalan: pis (archaic)

French: pis

Occitan: pis


optime

Superlative of bene; from optimus (“very good”) + -ē.

(superlative degree of bene) very well; excellently


videlicet

[u̯ɪˈd̪eːlʲɪkɛt̪]

A contraction of vidēre licet (“[it] is permitted to see”). Cf. scīlicet.

Per Ordinacionem tocius regni Anglie fuit mensura Domini Regis composita videlicet quod denarius qui vocatur sterlingus rotundus & sine tonsura ponderabit triginta duo grana frumenti in medio Spice.

c. 1300, Tractatus de Ponderibus et Mensuris:


foris

Dalmatian: fure

Franco-Provençal: fors, defors

French: hors, dehors, fors

Friulian: fûr

Galician: fóra

Istriot: four

Italian: fuori

Neapolitan: fore

Portuguese: fora

Sicilian: fora

Spanish: fuera

Venetan: fora, fuora

Old ablative case of Etymology 1 (*θworeys). Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *dʰwer- (“door, gate”), whence also forās.
Forīs is mostly of location, forās of direction.

der

Foris cenare.


sursum

Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: sus

Romanian: sus

Dalmatian:

sois

Italo-Romance:

Italian: suso (archaic), su

Neapolitan: suso

Sicilian: susu

Padanian:

Friulian: sù

Venetan: suxo

Gallo-Romance:

Old Catalan: sus

Occitan: sus

Old French: sus
French: sus
Norman: sus

Ibero-Romance:

Old Galician-Portuguese: suso

Old Spanish: suso

Insular Romance:

Sardinian: susu

[ˈs̠uːrs̠ʊ̃ˑ]

corpus omne habet proprium motum, ut ignis sursum, terra deorsum.

early 6th c., Boethius, Contra Eutychen et Nestorium 1

Any given body has a movement of its own, such as fire upwards, earth downwards.

nares, quod omnis odor ad supera fertur, recte sursum sunt

45 BCE, Cicero, De Natura Deorum 2.56.151

The nose is rightly placed high up since every smell carries itself upwards


aliunde

Catalan: enjondre

English: aliunde

Romanian: ainde

From alius (“other”) + unde (“whence”). Compare alicunde.


perenne

amne perenne latēns Annā Perennā vocor.

Hidden perpetually by the current, I am called Anna Perenna.
(The ancient Romans celebrated the festival of river goddess Anna Perenna on the Ides of March.)


lene

la-adv

lēne (comparative lēnius, superlative lēnissimē)

lēne (canonical)
lēnius (comparative)
lēnissimē (superlative)


manu militari

Literally, “with a soldierly hand” or “by military power”, see manus.

Nam sicut imperatoris optimi provisione cuncta manu militari loca adversus hostilem muniuntur adventum […]

c. 672 CE – 735 CE, Bede, In Evangelium Lucae 1.2.5

For in this way, by the precaution of the greatest general, all places are secured by force of arms against enemy approach […]

[…] animo fixum tenere, ut leges ecclesiasticas manu militari debellaret […]

1081, Lambert of Hersfeld, Annales a. 1077

[…] to hold firm his spirit that he should vanquish the laws of the Church by force of arms […]

Suprematum ergo illi tribuo qui non tantum domi subditos manu militari regit, sed et qui exercitum extra fines ducere, et armis, foederibus, legationibus, ac caeteris juris gentium functionibus aliquid momenti ad rerum Europae generalium summam conferre potest.

1682, Caesarinus Fürstenerius [Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz], De jure suprematus ac legationis principum Germaniae, front matter:

Thus I consider supremacy to pertain to him who not only rules over his domestic subjects by force of arms, but can lead an army beyond his borders, and can direct wars, pacts, embassies and the other offices of importance in the law of peoples at the summit of European affairs.


simul

⇒ Latin: simultim

Medieval Latin: simultaneus

→ Catalan: simultani

→ English: simultaneous

→ French: simultané

→ Galician: simultáneo

desctree

→ German: simultan
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic script: симултан
Latin script: simultan

→ Italian: simultaneo

→ Portuguese: simultâneo

→ Romanian: simultan

→ Spanish: simultáneo

⇒ Latin: īnsimul
Italo-Romance:
Corsican: inseme
Italian: insieme ( < Vulgar Latin: *īnsemel)
Sicilian: nzemi
Sicilian: nzèmula (Vulgar Latin: *īnsimul ac)
North Italian:
Gallo-Italic:
Old Lombard: ensenbre
Lombard: nsem, ensem, ensema
Piedmontese: nsem, ansem, nsema, ansema
Venetan: insembre
→? Istriot: insembro
Gallo-Romance:
Old French: ensemble
French: ensemble
→ Dutch: ensemble
→ English: ensemble
→ German: Ensemble
→ Norwegian: ensemble
→ Portuguese: ensemble
→ Spanish: ensemble
→ Swedish: ensemble
Norman: ensemblle (Guernsey), ensembl'ye (Jersey)
→ Galician: ensembra (archaic)
Occitano-Romance:
Catalan: ensems
Occitan: ensem, ensèm, ensems, ensemble
Ibero-Romance:
Aragonese: ensemble

Old Latin neuter of similis (with u before l pinguis, i.e. [ɫ]).

Obstipuit simul ipse simul perculsus Achātēs
laetitiāque metūque
Not only [Aeneas] himself was astounded, but at the same time Achates had been struck with both joy and fear.
(or, more concisely:)

29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 1.513–514

[Aeneas] and Achates both were astonished, stricken with joy and fear.

(as simul … simul) and at the same time; and also; both … and (at once); together; not only ... but at the same time

natā simul, moritūra simul, simul īte sub undās corpora!

Born together, about to die together, together [your] bodies go beneath the waves!
(Twin babes Romulus and Remus are abandoned along the banks of the Tiber.)


vulgo

From vulgus (“the public, the common people”).


sesqui

[ˈs̠eːs̠kʷɪ]

Pes enim, qui adhibetur ad numeros, partitur in tria, ut necesse sit partem pedis aut aequalem esse alteri parti aut altero tanto aut sesqui esse maiorem.

46 bc, Marcus Tullius Cicero, Orator, Ch. 23, §187 or 188

(hapax) Alternative form of sēsqui-: 1½ times; increased by 50%.


patrie

From patrius (“father's, paternal”) + -ē.


porro

Old Occitan: por

Uncertain; the traditional view (supported by ancient grammarians) connects it with the Ancient Greek πόρρω (pórrhō), similar in form and meaning. However, the old form of this Greek word, πρόσω (prósō), would not easily align with the derivation of the Latin word. Moreover, adverbs are not usually borrowed from other languages. In all probability related to Proto-Indo-European *pro-.
De Vaan clarifies the archaic Praenestinian Latino-Faliscan POROD is not an ablative, and mentions a very tentative derivation, by Nussbaum, of Proto-Indo-European *pro- + an adverbial -s + the suffix -ō observed in Latin intrō, ultrō, contrōversia, effectively *prs-ō > *porsō > porrō.

Inde ībis porrō in latomiās lapidāriās.

c. 190 BCE – 185 BCE, Plautus, Amphitryon 3.5.65

From there you’ll go on in the stone quarries.

FERI·POROD

7th – 5th C. BCE, CIL I² 560 d; published in Ernst Lommatzch, Theodor Mommsen, editors, Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum, volume I, fascicle 2, Berlin, 1918, page 430:

DĒMIPHŌ. Sed trānsī sōdēs ad forum atque illud mihī
argentum rūrsum iubĕ rescrībī, Phormiō.

161 BCE, Publius Terentius Afer, Phormio 5.921–923

DEMIPHO. But go over to the forum if you will and order that
silver to be returned to my account, Phormio.
PHORMIO. That which I’ve transferred forward to my creditors?

PHORMIŌ. Quodne ego dīscrīpsī porrō illīs quibŭs dēbuī?

(of motion) on, forward, onward
(of giving something received) forward

Horrēscit vīsū subitō causāsque requīrit
īnscius Aenēās, quae sint ea flūmina porrō,

29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 6.710–712

Aeneas is scared at the sudden sight and asks,
ignorant, for the causes: which might those yonder rivers be,
and which men might fill the banks with such a multitude?

quīve virī tantō complērint agmine rīpās?

(static; Old Latin, Late Latin, poetic) away, yonder

Prōdigī enim dīcuntur propriē, quī bona sua ā sē dispergunt, quasi porrō ea ab sē agentēs.

2nd–3rd C. C.E., Pomponius Porphyrio, Scholia on Horace, Odes 1.12.37; published in Alfred Holder, editor, Scholia antiqva in Q. Horativm Flaccvm, volume I, Arno Press, 1984, page 20:

Prodigals are called those who scatter their wealth, as if “directing it away from themselves”.

(of motion; Old Latin, Late Latin; rare outside of etymological glosses) outwards, away, outside

Quī locus ad quod lectus fuerit, tantus rugītus et mūgītus totīus populī est cum flētū, ut forsitan porrō ad cīvitātem gemitus populī omnis audītus sit.

p.''' 384 CE, Egeria, Itinerarium Egeriae 36.3

Which place, when it had been read up to it, there’s such a roar and bellow of the people with crying, that the groan of the entire crowd was perhaps heard all the way to the city.

(Late Latin; only in the work cited) Synonym of ūsque

Sed porrō auscultā quod superest fallaciae.

163 BCE, Publius Terentius Afer, Heauton Timorumenos 4.5.23

Listen, besides, to the rest of the stratagem.

Huius assūmptiōnis quārtō in locō aliam porrō indūcunt approbātiōnem, hōc modō: […]

Then, in the fourth place, they introduce another proof of this assumption, like this: […]

“Quid nōbīs” inquis “cum epistulā? Parum enim tibi praestāmus, sī legimus epigrammata? Quid hīc porrō dictūrus es quod nōn possīs versibus dīcere?”

c.''' 186 CE, Martial, Epigrams, preface to book II

“What do we” you say “have to do with a letter? are we supporting you too little if we read your epigrams? Besides, what are you going to say here that you couldn’t in verse?”

(in speaking, listening, argumentation) then, furthermore, besides

listening; argumentation; listening; argumentation

Lēgātus ad ea, quae interrogātus erat, respondit neque sē neque quemquam alium dīvīnāre posse, quid in animō Celtibērī habērent aut porrō habitūrī essent.

59 BC–AD 17, Titus Livius, Ab urbe condita libri 40.36

To what he had been asked the legate responded that neither he nor anyone else could predict what the Celtiberians intended or were going to intend in the future.

(temporal) then, afterwards, thereafter, in the future

then, afterwards, thereafter, in the future

Hic incīnctus balteō mīlitem gerēbat, illum succīnctum chlamyde crepidēs et vēnābula vēnātōrem fēcerant, alius soccīs obaurātīs inductus sēricā veste mundōque prētiōsō et attextīs capite crīnibus incessū perfluō fēminam mentiēbātur. Porrō alium ocreīs scutō galeā ferrōque īnsīgnem ē lūdō putārēs gladiātōriō prōcēdere.

c. 125 CE – 180 CE, Apuleius, Metamorphoses 11.8

One, strapped with a sword-belt, pretended to be a soldier, sandals and spears made another, girt with a cloak, a hunter, and another one, dressed in gilded slippers was imitating a woman with his silken garment, costly jewellery and long hair attached to the head, with a flowing gait. Then another, distinguished with greaves, helmet and sword, you’d have thought to come straight from the gladiator school.

4th C. CE, Saint Jerome, Vulgate, Numbers 26:20–21

And the sons of Judah after their families were: of Shelah, the family of the Shelanites; of Pharez, the family of the Pharzites; of Zerah, the family of the Zarhites. And the sons of Pharez were: of Hezron, the family of the Hezronites; of Hamul, the family of the Hamulites.

Fuēruntque fīliī Jūda per cognātiōnēs suās: Sēla, ā quō familia Sēlaītārum: Phares, ā quō familia Pharesītārum: Zare, ā quō familia Zareītārum. Porrō filii Phares: Hesrōn, ā quō familia Hesrōnītārum: et Hamūl, ā quō familia Hamūlītārum.

Acmēn Septimius suōs amōrēs
tenēns in gremiō “Mea” inquit, “Acmē,
nī te perditē amō atque amāre porrō
omnēs sum adsiduē parātus annōs […]

c. 84 BCE – 54 BCE, Catullus, Carmina 45.1–4

in his lap said “My Acme,
if I don’t love you consumately, and am not prepared
for all the years to come to love you further […]

143 CE, Marcus Cornelius Fronto, Epistles to Emperor Marcus Aurelius 1.3

Thus, I hope this love of yours, unplanted and sprung up without reason, shall grow on with the cedars and oaks.

Tuus igitur iste amor incultus et sine ratiōne exortus, spērō, cum cedrīs porrō adolēscet et aesculīs.

Sed dīcam vōbīs, vōs porrō dīcite multīs

c. 84 BCE – 54 BCE, Catullus, Carmina 68.45–46

But I shall tell you, you, in turn, tell it to many
thousands and let this paper speak in old age.

mīlibus et facite haec charta loquātur anus.

Quod quidem eius factum nisi esset iūre laudātum, nōn esset imitātus quārtō cōnsulātū suō fīlius, neque porrō ex eō nātus cum Pyrrhō bellum gerēns cōnsul cecidisset in proeliō sēque ē continentī genere tertiam victimam reī pūblicae praebuisset.

45 BCE, Cicero, De finibus bonorum et malorum 2.19.61

Had his [Publius Decius Mus'] deed not been deservedly praised, his son wouldn't have imitated him during his fourth consulate, nor would his son in turn have fallen in battle waging war on Pyrrhus and offered himself to the Republic a third victim from his kind.

At illum ingēns cūra atque laetitia simul occupāvēre. Nam laetābātur intellegēns coniūrātiōne patefactā cīvitātem perīculīs ēreptam esse; porrō autem ānxius erat, dubitāns in maxumō scelere tantīs cīvibus dēprehēnsīs, quid factō opus esset.

c. 42 BCE, Sallust, Bellum Catilinae 46.2

But a great worry and joy filled him. For he rejoiced, understanding the city to be outside of peril, the plot being disclosed; on the other hand he was worried, not knowing what should be done, so many citizens having been caught in the greatest crime.

Arduum in coelum iter hominis est, et aditus angustus ac tenuis: cēterum perditiōnis via lāta est. Īlanc plūrēs obtinent, illam porrō paucī inveniunt.

c.''' 360 CE, Hilary of Poitiers, Commentaries on the Gospel of Matthew 6.3 in Patrologia Latina (volume 9), Jacques-Paul Migne (editor), 1844, page 952

Uphill is the road of man to heaven, and the gate is narrow and small: on the other hand, the way of damnation is broad. The latter many conquer, while the former but few find.

4th C. CE, Saint Jerome, Vulgate, Luke 11:19–20

And if I by Beelzebub cast out devils, by whom do your sons cast them out? therefore shall they be your judges. But if I with the finger of God cast out devils, no doubt the kingdom of God is come upon you.

Sī autem ego in Beelzebūb ēiciō daemonia, fīliī vestrī in quō ēiciunt? Ideō ipsī iūdicēs vestrī erunt. Porrō sī in digitō Deī ēiciō daemonia, profectō pervenit in vōs rēgnum Deī.

Altera quod porrō fuerat cecinisse putātur,

One is thought to have sung what was in the past,
the other whatever was going to come.

5th C. CE, Anianus of Celeda (translator), Homilies on Matthew 2.2, original author: John Chrysostom, in Patrologia Graeca (volume 58), Jacques-Paul Migne (editor), 1862, page 990

For this [the First Coming] was so wonderful, and unheard to anyone before, that even angels, gathered in a choir by grace of these facts, sung in the name of the whole world for the glory, and raised up an auspicious acclamation; and prophets back then foretold with wonder: Afterwards he was seen upon earth, and conversed with men. (Baruch 3:38)

Ūsque adeō enim istud mīrābile erat, et nūllī ante prōrsus audītum, ut etiam angelī in chorum eārum rērum grātiā collēctī, tōtīus orbis nōmine propter ista glōriam concinerent, faustamque attollerent acclāmātiōnem; et prophetae porrō ante cum admīrātiōne praedīcerent: Quoniam super terram vīsus est, et cum hominibus conversātus est.

(very rare, chiefly Late Latin, often with another adverb) (back) then, in the past


exempli gratia

[ɛkˈs̠ɛmplʲiː ˈɡräːt̪iäː]

Adeo ut uidentes, exempli gratia, colorem, putauerimus nos uidere rem quandam extra nos positam, et plane similem ideae illi coloris, quam in nobis tunc experiebamur; idque ob consuetudinem ita iudicandi, tam clare et distincte uidere nobis uidebamur, ut pro certo et indubitato haberemus.

1644, Renatus Cartesius, Principia philosophiae:

for the sake of an example, e.g., for example, for instance; used in introducing an example or non-exhaustive list of examples.


superbe

la-adv

superbē (comparative superbius, superlative superbissimē)

superbē (canonical)
superbius (comparative)
superbissimē (superlative)

superbus (“proud, superb; excellent, splendid; arrogant, haughty”) + -ē (suffix forming adverbs from adjectives)

affix

proudly, superbly; excellently, splendidly; arrogantly, haughtily


necessario

la-adv

necessāriō (comparative necessāriius, superlative necessāriissimē)

necessāriō (canonical)
necessāriius (comparative)
necessāriissimē (superlative)


contente

contentē (comparative contentius, superlative contentissimē)

contentē (canonical)
contentius (comparative)
contentissimē (superlative)

From contentus, participle of contendō (“stretch, strain”).


ferine

ferīnē (comparative ferīnius, superlative ferīnissimē)

ferīnē (canonical)
ferīnius (comparative)
ferīnissimē (superlative)


pacate

pācātē (comparative pācātius, superlative pācātissimē)

pācātē (canonical)
pācātius (comparative)
pācātissimē (superlative)

[päːˈkäːt̪eː]

From pācō (“I make peaceful, pacify”), from pāx (“peace”).

in a pacified manner, peaceably, quietly


timide

timidē (comparative timidius, superlative timidissimē)

timidē (canonical)
timidius (comparative)
timidissimē (superlative)

timidly, fearfully, apprehensively, nervously


impune

impūnē (comparative impūnius, superlative impūnissimē)

impūnē (canonical)
impūnius (comparative)
impūnissimē (superlative)

with impunity, without punishment; safely


interea

sed fvgit interea fvgit inreparabile tempvs

c. 29 bc, Publius Vergilius Maro, Georgicon, III.284

But it flees, meanwhile, it flees... irretrievable time.


quocum

ego cum illo quocum tum uno rem habebam hospite abii huc

I departed and came here with that stranger with whom I was then associating.


statim

→ English: stat

[ˈs̠t̪ät̪ɪ̃ˑ]

stō (“to stand”) + -tim (adverbial suffix).

affix

perdomita Britannia et statim omissa

c. 100 CE – 110 CE, Tacitus, Histories 1.2

Britain was thoroughly subdued and immediately abandoned


sacrate

From sacrō (“consecrate, dedicate, devote”).


quomodo

>? Friulian: cemût

→ English: quomodo

Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: cum

Romanian: cum

Italo-Romance:

Old Italian: como

Neapolitan: commo

Sicilian: comu

Padanian:

Istriot: cume

Romansch: co, cu

Gallo-Romance:

Catalan: com

Occitan: coma

Ibero-Romance:

Asturian: cómo

Catalan: com

Mirandese: cumo

Mozarabic: כם (km)

Old Galician-Portuguese: como (see there for further descendants)

Old Spanish: como, cuemo

Spanish: como, cómo

Papiamentu: komo

→ Interlingua: como

Insular Romance:

Old Sardinian: co

⇒? Vulgar Latin: *quōmodo mente

Old French: coment (see there for further descendants)

Sardinian: comenti

Sassarese: cumenti

[ˈkʷoːmɔd̪ɔ]

Univerbation of quō (“what”, abl. sg.) + modō (“manner, way”, abl. sg.). /kō-/ variants first attested in Pompeii. /d/-less variants (through allegro-speech consonant elision or some kind of metanalysis) securely attested from mid-1st c. CE onwards. Forms in /-ī/ likely by analogy with cuius-/eiusmodī.

univerbation

(interrogative) in what manner or way?; how?

(rhetorical) how is that possible (that)?

in what manner or way?; how?
how is that possible (that)?

Quōmodo tibi rēs sē habet?

in what condition or circumstances? how?

At scīn' quōmodo?

Sed quōmodo dissimulabat!

Used in warnings, threats and exclamations.

Quōmodo mortuos, quī istīc sepultus est nec loquī nec sermōnāre potest, seic Rhodinē apud M(ārcum) Licinium Faustum mortua sit nec loquī nec sermōnāre possit

1 cent. BC (curse tablet) CIL I² 1012 = CIL VI 140 = SIAtt-1, p. 82 = ILLRP 1144 = D 8749 = DefTab 139 = Kropp-01-04-04-03

Just like the dead man who's been buried here cannot speak nor talk [to anyone], so may Rhodine be dead for Marcus Licinius Faustus, nor be able to speak or talk [to him].

(relative) in the same manner or way as; how, like

(with the correlatives sīc or ita) in the manner in which, just as, just like

(with subjunctive, introducing final clauses) by means of which, using which

in the same manner or way as; how, like
by means of which, using which


abunde

Portuguese: avonde

[äˈbʊn̪d̪eː]

From abundō (“to overflow, be in excess”). There's no agreement about vowel length among the grammarians, and the poets seem to avoid the issue by using the word very rarely and placing it line-finally. The only indicative instance is Late Latin and short. The short i-stem would make more sense morphologically as ab- + unda + -is.


vix

Navarro-Aragonese: veiza (Glosas Emilianenses)

Neapolitan: vi (Abruzzese)

Romansch: ves

⇒ Aromanian: ayia

⇒ Romanian: abia

⇒ Spanish: abés (archaic)

From Proto-Italic *wiks sg (nom.), *wiksu pl (“a turn, bend”, loc.), from Proto-Indo-European *weyk-.


consulte

la-adv

cōnsultē (comparative cōnsultius, superlative cōnsultissimē)

cōnsultē (canonical)
cōnsultius (comparative)
cōnsultissimē (superlative)

[kõːˈs̠ʊɫ̪t̪eː]


consulto

cōnsultō (comparative cōnsultius, superlative cōnsultissimē)

cōnsultō (canonical)
cōnsultius (comparative)
cōnsultissimē (superlative)

From cōnsultum (“deliberation, consideration”) + -ō.

af

[kõːˈs̠ʊɫ̪t̪oː]

deliberately, purposely, on purpose, expressly


decore

la-adv

decōrē (comparative decōrius, superlative decōrissimē)

decōrē (canonical)
decōrius (comparative)
decōrissimē (superlative)


hilare

hilarē (comparative hilarius, superlative hilarissimē)

hilarē (canonical)
hilarius (comparative)
hilarissimē (superlative)


legitime

lēgitimē (comparative lēgitimius, superlative lēgitimissimē)

lēgitimē (canonical)
lēgitimius (comparative)
lēgitimissimē (superlative)

lawfully, legitimately, according to law


libere

līberē (comparative līberius, superlative līberissimē)

līberē (canonical)
līberius (comparative)
līberissimē (superlative)

From līber (“free”) + -ē (adverbial suffix).


valide

validē (comparative validius, superlative validissimē)

validē (canonical)
validius (comparative)
validissimē (superlative)

[ˈu̯älʲɪd̪eː]

From validus (“robust, vigorous”) + -ē (adverbial suffix).


vicies

From an earlier form of vīgintī (“twenty”) + -iēs. See also vīcēsimus and vīcēnus. Compare Sanskrit विंति (viṃśatí), Ancient Greek εἴκοσι (eíkosi) from Proto-Indo-European *h₁wi-(h₁)-ḱm̥t-ih₁.


avare

la-adv

avārē (comparative avārius, superlative avārissimē)

avārē (canonical)
avārius (comparative)
avārissimē (superlative)

From avārus (“avaricious, covetous, greedy”), from aveō (“wish, desire, long for, crave”).


tunc

Lombard: tonca, tunc

Old Venetan: tonca

→ Interlingua: tunc

1826, Stanislas Julien translating Mencius as Meng Tseu, p. 46

Its [sc. The Spring and Autumn Annals] style is then historical. Confucius said: These judgments, then', I undertook them privately, Qiu.

Ejus stylus, tunc historicus. Confucius aiebat: Haec aequitas: tunc ego Khieou privatim sumpsi illam.

then, in its senses as
(New Latin) therefore

from then on: from that time, thereupon, afterwards


presse

pressē (comparative pressius, superlative pressissimē)

pressē (canonical)
pressius (comparative)
pressissimē (superlative)


alte

altē (comparative altius, superlative altissimē)

altē (canonical)
altius (comparative)
altissimē (superlative)


grosso modo

[ˈɡrɔs̠ːoː ˈmɔd̪oː]

[ˈɡrɔsːo ˈmɔːd̪o]

Adverbial locution, from grossus (“approximate”) + modus (“way, method”).


instanter

īnstanter (comparative īnstantius, superlative īnstantissimē)

īnstanter (canonical)
īnstantius (comparative)
īnstantissimē (superlative)


intra

From earlier *interus (whence also interior), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁énteros (“inner, what is inside”). Cognates include Sanskrit अन्तर (ántara, “interior”) and Ancient Greek ἔντερον (énteron, “intestine, bowel”), Northern Kurdish hindirr (inside), Persian اندرون (andarun, “inner”).
The change from instrumental/ablative and accusative to accusative only is caused by *-teros used adverbially.


adeo

ad- (“to, towards”) + eō (“there; so much”)

affix

et voltū, Sōsia, adeō modestō, adeō venustō ut nīl suprā.

166 BCE, Publius Terentius Afer, Andria 1.1.92

nēmō adeō ferus est, ut nōn mītēscere possit, sī modo cultūrae patientem commodet aurem.

65 BCE – 8 BCE, Horace, Epistulae 1.1.39

adeōne hospes hujus urbis, adeōne ignārus es disciplīnae consvētūdinisque nostrae, ut haec nesciās?

106 BCE – 43 BCE, Cicero, Pro Rabirio perduellionis reo 10.28

nec sum adeō īnformis: …

cum Hannō perōrāsset, nēminī omnium cum eō certare necesse fuit: adeō prope omnis senātus Hannibalis erat:

27 BCE – 25 BCE, Titus Livius, Ab Urbe Condita 21.11.1

argentāriīs male crēdī quī ajunt, nūgās praedicant: nam et bene et male crēdī dīcō; id adeo hodiē ego expertus sum.

id adeo, sī placet, consīderāte

(following a negation, in a negative sentence) let alone


sensu stricto

[ˈs̠ẽːs̠uː ˈs̠t̪rɪkt̪oː]

Ablative case of sēnsus (“sense”) and strictus (“tight, close”).


secus

* From Proto-Indo-European *sekʷ- (“to follow”), the same root of sequor. Properly, following, later in rank or order, i. e. less than something mentioned before.
* Others refer it to Proto-Indo-European *swe- + *-ḱʷo-.

der

sin secus/minus/aliter


paulisper

Univerbation of paulīs (“a few, a little”, abl. pl.) + -per (“through”), originally a postpositional phrase.

univerbation

Paulīsper manē.

c. 190 BCE – 185 BCE, Plautus, Amphitryon 1.695

(temporal) a bit, a little (for only a brief period)


altum

Forms of altus. The adverb is an adverbial accusative.


incommode

la-adv

incommodē (comparative incommodius, superlative incommodissimē)

incommodē (canonical)
incommodius (comparative)
incommodissimē (superlative)

inconveniently, incommodiously, unfortunately, unseasonably


procul

From the root of celer, from Proto-Indo-European *kel- (“to drive, force to move quickly”).

der

Brasilia procul ab Iaponia est.


fors

From contraction of fors sit (“it might happen”).


interne

la-adv

internē (comparative internius, superlative internissimē)

internē (canonical)
internius (comparative)
internissimē (superlative)

From internus (“inward, internal”) + -ē (adverbial suffix).


enucleate

[eːnʊkɫ̪eˈäːt̪eː]


presso

Italian: presso

Old French: presse, prés

French: près

Walloon: près

Sicilian: pressu

From pressus (“concise”), passive past participle of premo (“I press; I pursue”).


gradatim

English: gradatim

[ɡräˈd̪äːt̪ɪ̃ˑ]

[ɡräˈd̪äːt̪im]


plene

la-adv

plēnē (comparative plēnius, superlative plēnissimē)

plēnē (canonical)
plēnius (comparative)
plēnissimē (superlative)


aperte

apertē (comparative apertius, superlative apertissimē)

apertē (canonical)
apertius (comparative)
apertissimē (superlative)

From apertus (“open, uncovered; frank, candid”) + -ē (“-ly”, adverbial suffix).

af

aperte dēscīscere

(writing) plainly, clearly, freely, without reserve


tute

la-adv

tūtē (comparative tūtius, superlative tūtissimē)

tūtē (canonical)
tūtius (comparative)
tūtissimē (superlative)

safely, securely, in safety, without danger


longe

longē (comparative longius, superlative longissimē)

longē (canonical)
longius (comparative)
longissimē (superlative)

Italo-Romance:

Italian: lungi

Gallo-Italic:

Ligurian: lónxi

Piedmontese: leugn

From dē+ab+longē:

Lombard: dalunsc

Piedmontese: daluncc

Romagnol: dalong

Northern Gallo-Romance:

Franco-Provençal: lyuen, luen

Old French: loing

French: loin

Southern Gallo-Romance:

Aragonese: luen, lueñes

Catalan: lluny, llunt, llun

Old Occitan:

Gascon: loi, lonh, lunh

desc

Languedocien: lenc, lens, lhenc, lhòns, lhuènh

Occitan: luènh, luònh

Provençal: luench

Vivaro-Alpine: lhuènh

Ibero-Romance:

Asturian: lloñe, llonxe, alluendi

Old Galician-Portuguese: longe

Fala: londxi, longi

Galician: lonxe

Ladino: londje (Salonika), londji (Monastir, Sarajevo)

Portuguese: longe

Old Spanish: lueñe

Spanish: lueñe

[ˈlɔn̠ʲd͡ʒe]

From longus (“far, long”) + -ē. Compare English long and Icelandic langt and lengi.

arcēbat longē Latiō
[Juno] was keeping [the Trojans] far away from Latium

Longe absum.

Longe absum ab eius criminibus.

(of space) long, a long way off, far, afar, far away, far off, at a distance

Neque longe progressus ― not much time has passed (Charles François Lhomond, De Viris Illustribus Urbis Romae, Lucius Cornelius Sulla)

(of time) long, for a long period of time

Docet longe alia ratione esse bellum gerendum atque antea gestum sit

He teaches that they must fight by a very different method from that which had been previously adopted (Caesar, de Bello Gallico, VII, 14)


nemine contradicente

[ˈneːmɪnɛ kɔn̪t̪räːd̪iːˈkɛn̪t̪ɛ]

With none contradicting, without dissent; unanimously.


minime

superlative degree of parum; least of all; very little

not at all, not in the least, by no means; no (opposite of "yes")


spisse

la-adv

spissē (comparative spissius, superlative spississimē)

spissē (canonical)
spissius (comparative)
spississimē (superlative)

[ˈs̠pɪs̠ːeː]

From spissus (“thick, crowded”) + -ē (adverbial suffix).


leviter

la-adv

leviter (comparative levius, superlative levissimē)

levius (comparative)
levissimē (superlative)

[ˈɫ̪eu̯ɪt̪ɛr]


assidue

assiduē (comparative assiduius, superlative assiduissimē)

assiduē (canonical)
assiduius (comparative)
assiduissimē (superlative)

From assiduus (“ever-present, diligent”).

Assidue non saxa legunt volventia muscum

Constantly rolling stones don't gather moss


nonne

From nōn (“not”) + -ne (“interrogative particle”).

suffix

Non sum liber? non sum apostolus? nonne Iesum Dominum nostrum vidi?

Am I not free? am I not an apostle? have I not seen Jesus Christ our Lord? (I Corinthians 9:1)

Nonne intellegis?

Quid? Nonne sustulisti?

Te dejectum debeo intellegere, etiamsi tactus non fueris: nonne

I ought to recognize you in this downcast state, even without touching you, oughtn't I?

Quid paulo ante dixerim, nonne meministi?

What I just said, don't you remember it?

(in a direct question) not, expecting an affirmative answer

Cum esset ex eo quaesitum, Archelaum Perdiccae filium nonne beatum putaret.

When it should be asked of him whether he didn't consider Archelaus, son of Perdiccas, to be blessed.

Quaero a te, nonne putes?

(in an indirect interrogation) if not, whether not


digne

la-adv

dignē (comparative dignius, superlative dignissimē)

dignē (canonical)
dignius (comparative)
dignissimē (superlative)


animose

animōsē (comparative animōsius, superlative animōsissimē)

animōsē (canonical)
animōsius (comparative)
animōsissimē (superlative)

animōsus (“spirited, courageous, undaunted, proud”) + -ē

affix

boldly, bravely, courageously, undauntedly

ardently, fervently, passionately, vehemently

elatedly, euphorically, joyfully, jubilantly


abhinc

Sicilian: avi

From ab (“from, away from”) + hinc (“henceforth; afterwards”).

Abhinc duōs annōs.


stulte

la-adv

stultē (comparative stultius, superlative stultissimē)

stultē (canonical)
stultius (comparative)
stultissimē (superlative)

[ˈs̠t̪ʊɫ̪t̪eː]


intemperate

[ɪn̪t̪ɛmpɛˈräːt̪eː]


impensius

[ɪmˈpẽːs̠iʊs̠]

comparative degree of impēnsē: more eagerly, more persistently


sonore

sonōrē (comparative sonōrius, superlative sonōrissimē)

sonōrē (canonical)
sonōrius (comparative)
sonōrissimē (superlative)

From sonōrus (“sounding, resounding”) + -ē.

loudly, noisily, resoundingly; sonorously


necessarie

necessāriē (comparative necessārius, superlative necessārissimē)

necessāriē (canonical)
necessārius (comparative)
necessārissimē (superlative)

Derived from necessārius (“necessary”) + -ē (“-ly, adverb forming suffix”).


proprie

la-adv

propriē (comparative magis propriē, superlative maximē propriē)

propriē (canonical)
magis propriē (comparative)
maximē propriē (superlative)

on one's own account, privately, individually

specifically (applying to one to the exclusion of others)

properly, strictly speaking
appropriately, rightly


mutuo

Derived from mūtuus (“mutual”, “reciprocal”).


aliquid

[ˈälʲɪkʷɪd̪]

Adverbial accusative of aliquis (“someone, something”).


clare

la-adv

clārē (comparative clārius, superlative clārissimē)

clārē (canonical)
clārius (comparative)
clārissimē (superlative)


gravate

gravātē (comparative gravātius, superlative gravātissimē)

gravātē (canonical)
gravātius (comparative)
gravātissimē (superlative)

From gravātus + -ē (adverb-forming suffix), from gravor (“I do unwillingly, regard as a burden”), from gravis (“heavy”).


incontra

Italian: incontra, incontro

[ɪŋˈkɔn̪t̪räː]

From in + contrā (“against”, “opposite to”).


dorsum

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

nonlemma

[ˈd̪ɔrs̠ʊ̃ˑ]


cubi

conflugae cubi conventu campum totum inumigant

284 BCE – 204 BCE, Livius Andronicus, Andromeda


superfluo

From superfluus (“superfluous”), from superfluō (“I am superfluous”), from super- + fluō (“flow”).


perite

la-adv

perītē (comparative perītius, superlative perītissimē)

perītē (canonical)
perītius (comparative)
perītissimē (superlative)


attente

attentē (comparative attentius, superlative attentissimē)

attentē (canonical)
attentius (comparative)
attentissimē (superlative)


beate

beātē (comparative beātius, superlative beātissimē)

beātē (canonical)
beātius (comparative)
beātissimē (superlative)


caute

tollensque illud portavit ad domum suam occulte ut dum sol occubuisset caute sepeliret eum

And taking it up carried it privately to his house, that after the sun was down, he might bury him cautiously.


avide

avidē (comparative avidius, superlative avidissimē)

avidē (canonical)
avidius (comparative)
avidissimē (superlative)

From avidus (“greedy; eager; hungry”), from aveō (“wish, desire, long for, crave”).


copiose

cōpiōsē (comparative cōpiōsius, superlative cōpiōsissimē)

cōpiōsē (canonical)
cōpiōsius (comparative)
cōpiōsissimē (superlative)


blande

blandē (comparative blandius, superlative blandissimē)

blandē (canonical)
blandius (comparative)
blandissimē (superlative)

[ˈbɫ̪än̪d̪eː]

From blandus (“flattering, pleasant”) + -ē.


cruente

cruentē (comparative cruentius, superlative cruentissimē)

cruentē (canonical)
cruentius (comparative)
cruentissimē (superlative)


generose

generōsē (comparative generōsius, superlative generōsissimē)

generōsē (canonical)
generōsius (comparative)
generōsissimē (superlative)


idonee

idōneē (comparative idōneius, superlative idōneissimē)

idōneē (canonical)
idōneius (comparative)
idōneissimē (superlative)


gloriose

glōriōsē (comparative glōriōsius, superlative glōriōsissimē)

glōriōsē (canonical)
glōriōsius (comparative)
glōriōsissimē (superlative)

[ɡɫ̪oːriˈoːs̠eː]

glōriōs(us) (“glorious”) + -ē (“-ly”, adverb-forming suffix)


laboriose

la-adv

labōriōsē (comparative labōriōsius, superlative labōriōsissimē)

labōriōsē (canonical)
labōriōsius (comparative)
labōriōsissimē (superlative)


integre

integrē (comparative integrius, superlative integerrimē)

integrē (canonical)
integrius (comparative)
integerrimē (superlative)

[ˈɪn̪t̪ɛɡreː]

irreproachably, honestly, without prejudice


inique

inīquē (comparative inīquius, superlative inīquissimē)

inīquē (canonical)
inīquius (comparative)
inīquissimē (superlative)


invidiose

invidiōsē (comparative invidiōsius, superlative invidiōsissimē)

invidiōsē (canonical)
invidiōsius (comparative)
invidiōsissimē (superlative)

From invidiōsus (“envious, invidious”) + -ē.


frequenter

frequenter (comparative frequentius, superlative frequentissimē)

frequentius (comparative)
frequentissimē (superlative)


modeste

modestē (comparative modestius, superlative modestissimē)

modestē (canonical)
modestius (comparative)
modestissimē (superlative)

[mɔˈd̪ɛs̠t̪eː]

moderately, temperately, discreetly, modestly


misere

miserē (comparative miserius, superlative miserrimē)

miserē (canonical)
miserius (comparative)
miserrimē (superlative)


manifeste

palpably, clearly, openly, evidently, manifestly


numerose

numerōsē (comparative numerōsius, superlative numerōsissimē)

numerōsē (canonical)
numerōsius (comparative)
numerōsissimē (superlative)

numerously, manifoldly, abundantly, plentifully


studiose

studiōsē (comparative studiōsius, superlative studiōsissimē)

studiōsē (canonical)
studiōsius (comparative)
studiōsissimē (superlative)


robuste

rōbustē (comparative rōbustius, superlative rōbustissimē)

rōbustē (canonical)
rōbustius (comparative)
rōbustissimē (superlative)

ita nos habitum ipsum orationis virilem et illam vim stricte robusteque dicendi tenera quadam elocutionis cute operimus […]

c. 35 CE – 100 CE, Quintilian, Institutio Oratoria 5.12.18

In this manner we conceal the manly character of oration and the strength of speaking concisely and firmly with a delicate surface of expression […]


tranquille

tranquillē (comparative tranquillius, superlative tranquillissimē)

tranquillē (canonical)
tranquillius (comparative)
tranquillissimē (superlative)

From tranquillus (“quiet, calm, still, tranquil”).


varie

variē (comparative varius, no superlative)


iuxta

[ˈi̯uːks̠t̪äː]

[ˈi̯ʊks̠t̪äː]

Unclear, but reflects an earlier ablative form. Proposals include:
* from Proto-Italic *jougestos (“yoked”), from *jougos (“team of yoke animals”) (whence Latin iūgera pl), from Proto-Indo-European *(H)yewg-es-, from *(H)yewg- (“join together”);
* from Proto-Italic *jugistos (“closest”), equivalent to *(H)yug- + *-istHos (“superlative suffix”); however, this suffix is otherwise not found in Latin.
The accusative is from the suffix used adverbially.


perpetue

From perpetuus (“perpetual, continuous”) + -ē.


perpetuo

From perpetuus (“perpetual, continuous”) + -ō.


duplicato

→ English: duplicato-

[d̪ʊplʲɪˈkäːt̪oː]

veneris quindecies pluribus subit, rursus saturni et iovis duplicato degrediuntur, martis etiam quadruplicato.

c. 77 CE – 79 CE, Pliny the Elder, Naturalis Historia 2.24


perfacile

From perfacilis (“very easy”), from per- (“very”) + facilis (“easy”).


brevi

French: en bref

Italian: in breve

Portuguese: em breve

Spanish: en breve

From ablative of brevis (“short, small”).

Brevi stirpis quoque virilis ex novo matrimonio fuit

27 BCE – 25 BCE, Titus Livius, Ab Urbe Condita I.1

In a short time, moreover, there was a male scion out of the new marriage


fortuito

by chance, accidentally, by accident, casually


recta

From the feminine ablative singular of rēctus.


placide

la-adv

placidē (comparative placidius, superlative placidissimē)

placidē (canonical)
placidius (comparative)
placidissimē (superlative)

gently, calmly, gradually, peacefully, quietly, placidly


divise

[d̪iːˈu̯iːs̠ɛ]


ex parte

Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see ex, pars.


vicine

vīcīnē (comparative vīcīnius, superlative vīcīnissimē)

vīcīnē (canonical)
vīcīnius (comparative)
vīcīnissimē (superlative)

From vīcīnus (“near, neighboring”) + -ē.


lepide

lepidē (comparative lepidius, superlative lepidissimē)

lepidē (canonical)
lepidius (comparative)
lepidissimē (superlative)


libenter

libenter (comparative libentius, superlative libentissimē)

libentius (comparative)
libentissimē (superlative)

[lʲɪˈbɛn̪t̪ɛr]

From libēns (“willing, cheerful”) + -ter.


lubenter

lubenter (comparative lubentius, superlative lubentissimē)

lubentius (comparative)
lubentissimē (superlative)

[ɫ̪ʊˈbɛn̪t̪ɛr]

From lubēns (“willing, cheerful”) + -ter.


laxe

laxē (comparative laxius, superlative laxissimē)

laxē (canonical)
laxius (comparative)
laxissimē (superlative)


liberaliter

[lʲiːbɛˈräːlʲɪt̪ɛr]

Literally "like a freedman". From līberālis (“befitting a freed man”) + -ter.


leniter

la-adv

lēniter (comparative lēnius, superlative lēnissimē)

lēniter (canonical)
lēnius (comparative)
lēnissimē (superlative)

From lēnis (“soft, smooth”) + -ter (adverb-forming suffix).


nimirum

Univerbation of nī, mīrum ("if not, that would be odd").


simpliciter

la-adv

simpliciter (comparative simplicius, superlative simplicissimē)

simplicius (comparative)
simplicissimē (superlative)

simply, plainly, straightforwardly, directly, utterly


amice

amīcē (comparative amīcius, superlative amīcissimē)

amīcē (canonical)
amīcius (comparative)
amīcissimē (superlative)


maledice

[mäˈɫ̪ɛd̪ɪkeː]


temperi

temperī (comparative temperius, no superlative)

temperī (canonical)
temperius (comparative)

seasonably, at the right time, at the fitting time, at the appointed time


nondum

[ˈnoːn̪d̪ʊ̃ˑ]

Univerbation of nōn (“not”) + dum (“while, as, as long as”).

univerbation

Videō barbam et pallium; philosophum nōndum videō.

I see a beard and cloak; I do not yet see a philosopher.


quin

Quīn tū tacēs!

Quīn accingeris?

27 BCE – 25 BCE, Titus Livius, Ab Urbe Condita 1.47

'Quid per agrōs' inquit 'vagāmur vīcātim circumferentēs bellum? Quīn urbēs et moenia adgredimur?...'

27 BCE – 25 BCE, Titus Livius, Ab Urbe Condita 10.17

He said, "Why are we roaming through the fields waging war from village to village? Why don't we attack the cities and (their) walls?..."

(usually with present indicative) how come not, why don't I/you/he ..., how about? (in questioning suggestions)

GETA Ego sum missu(s) tē ut requīrerem atque addūcerem. ANTIPHO Em quīn ergō rape mē - quid cessās?

161 BCE, Publius Terentius Afer, Phormio 881

GETA I've been sent to find and bring you back. ANTIPHO Well, here I am - grab me then! What are you waiting for?

(in commands with imperative, subjunctive or future) come on, let's, ...then! (adding force)

quīn etiam

quīn et

quīn potius

quīn contrā

quīn immō

Quīn etiam īma dolor, bālantum lāpsus ad ossa...

c. 37 BCE – 30 BCE, Virgil, Georgics 3.457

Even the inner pain, gone to the bones of the bleaters (i.e. the sheep)...

Quīn et bellōrum omnium ēventūs ante praesēnsit.

c. 69 CE – 122 CE, Suetonius, De Vita Caesarum Divi Augusti 96

He even predicted the outcomes of all his wars beforehand.

(emphatic) Used to corroborate or amplify the previous statement: and even, and in fact

SOSIA Quid, malum, non sum ego servos Amphitruōnis Sōsia? […] MERCVRIVS Quid, domum vostram? SO. Ita enim vērō! MER. Quīn quae dīxistī modo omnia ēmentītu·s: equidem Sōsia Amphitruōnis sum!

c. 190 BCE – 185 BCE, Plautus, Amphitryon 410-411

SOSIA What the hell? Am I not Sosia, Amphitryon's slave? […] MERCURY What, your house?! SO. Yes, my house! MER. Why, but everything you've just said you've dreamt up: Amphitryon's Sosia is me!

AMPHITRVO Nimia memorās mīra. Sed vīdistīn uxōrem meam? SOSIA Quīn intrō īre in aedīs numquam licitum est! AM. Quis tē prohibuit?

c. 190 BCE – 185 BCE, Plautus, Amphitryon 616-617

AMPHITRYON What a strange story you're telling me! But have you seen my wife? SOSIA But I've been told to never ever enter the house! AM. Who told you not to?

Used to emphasise an objection to the previous statement: why, but ...!


de intus

Catalan: dins

Franco-Provençal: dens

desctree

Old French: denz, dence, dentz, deens, dens, deenz, deinc, deince, deins, deintz, deeinz, deinz
Bourguignon: dians
French: dans
Norman: dans, dauns
Picard: dins

Gascon: dens

Occitan: dins

5th century C.E., Cledonius (Grammatici Latini v.64.22–3)

We cannot say 'I am coming de intus or de foris' because prepositions never attach to adverbs.

De intus et de foris uenio non possumus dicere quia praepositio aduerbiis numquam iungitur.


matutino

Ablative (in temporal sense) of mātūtīnum (sc. tempus).


in medio

From in (“in”) + mediō, the ablative of medium (“middle”). Literally meaning "in middle" or "in the middle".

From De revolutionibus orbium coelestium (On the revolutions of the heavenly spheres) by Nicolaus Copernicus.
In medio uero omnium residet Sol.
In the center of all rests the Sun.

From Adelphoe (The Brothers) by Terence (Terentius).

The mother of the young woman is among us. (she is alive)


parum

la-adv

parum (comparative minus, superlative minimē)

minus (comparative)
minimē (superlative)

Adverbial accusative of parvus. Doublet of parvum.

parum est

Nōn quī parum habet, sed quī plūs cupit, pauper est

Seneca Iunior, Epistulae Morales ad Lucilium

Not who has little, but who wants more, is poor


primum

… urbem Troiānam prīmum dulcisque meōrum / rēliquiās colerem ….

29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 4.342–343

“… first I would safeguard the city of Troy and the dear survivors of my [people ...].”

omnium primum

27 BCE – 25 BCE, Titus Livius, Ab Urbe Condita I.19

first, at first, in the first place, first of all, for the first time, in advance, immediately


sodes

A contraction of sī (“if”) + audēs (“you intend”), the second person singular present active indicative of audeō (“intend”)- literally, "if you intend". Note the monophthongisation of /au̯/ to /oː/.

if you don't mind, if you please, by all means


benigne

benignē (comparative benignius, superlative benignissimē)

benignē (canonical)
benignius (comparative)
benignissimē (superlative)

(as a response) thank you, you are very kind (in receiving); no, thank you (in declining)


egregie

ēgregiē (comparative ēgregius, superlative ēgregissimē)

ēgregiē (canonical)
ēgregius (comparative)
ēgregissimē (superlative)

[eːˈɡrɛɡieː]

From ēgregius (“extraordinary, surpassing”).


fraterne

frāternē (comparative frāternius, superlative frāternissimē)

frāternē (canonical)
frāternius (comparative)
frāternissimē (superlative)


crebriter

crēbriter (comparative crēbrius, superlative crēbrissimē)

crēbriter (canonical)
crēbrius (comparative)
crēbrissimē (superlative)


gelide

gelidē (comparative gelidius, superlative gelidissimē)

gelidē (canonical)
gelidius (comparative)
gelidissimē (superlative)


confestim

[kõːˈfɛs̠t̪ɪ̃ˑ]

Analyzable as con- + *fes + -tim, built on the same root as the verb festīnō (“to hasten”). De Vaan, citing Schrijver, identifies the root as *bʰris-, alleged to also be the source of Welsh brys (“speed, haste”). If this etymology is correct, the Latin form developed a syllabic resonant (*-r〭-) which was then replaced with *-er-, and the resulting cluster *-rst- was then regularly simplified to -st- (compare testis). The ending comes from the adverbial accusative of a deverbal noun, which De Vaan reconstructs as Proto-Indo-European *bʰristi-, Proto-Italic *fristi- (“haste”).

Omnium bellōrum initium et causam hinc sūmpsit: nihil convenientius dūcēns quam necem avunculī vindicāre tuērīque ācta, cōnfestim ut Apollōniā rediit, Brūtum Cassiumque et vī necopīnantīs et, quia prōvīsum perīculum subterfūgerant, lēgibus adgredī reōsque caedis absentīs dēferre statuit.

c. 69 CE – 122 CE, Suetonius, De vita Caesarum 2 10

The source and cause of all the wars he took from this: holding nothing more fitting than to avenge his uncle and maintain the validity of his enactments, immediately on returning from Apollonia he resolved to take the unexpecting Brutus and Cassius by force as well as to resort to laws and prosecute them for murder in their absence, as they had fled the foreseen danger.


livide

līvidē (comparative līvidius, superlative līvidissimē)

līvidē (canonical)
līvidius (comparative)
līvidissimē (superlative)

[ˈlʲiːu̯ɪd̪eː]


huc

Probably from the Old Latin locative hoi + -ce, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰe and Proto-Indo-European *ḱe (“here”), according to De Vaan (2008). Compare the mostly pre-Classical hōc (“to this place, for this reason”), which De Vaan says is from an instrumental case form.
Compare the same alternation between illūc and the older illōc. See also hinc.

Huc ergo cogitationes tuae tendant, hoc cura, hoc opta, omnia alia vota deo remissurus ut contentus sis temet ipso et ex te nascentibus bonis.
Let, therefore, your thoughts attend only to this, care and wish for this one thing, consigning all other desires to god, that you be content with your own self and the good things that emerge. (Note Seneca's coincidental use of both hūc and its ancestor hōc, both with the same essential meaning, within this sentence.)

63 CE, Lucius Annæus Senĕca iunior, Epistulae Morales ad Lucilium Epistula XX.8

Huc pertinet nobile apud Graecos volumen Heraclidis septem diebus feminae exanimis ad vitam revocatae.

77 CE, Gaius Plinius Secundus, Naturalis Historiae Liber VII

To this (subject) pertains the book of Heraclides, famous in Greece, about seven days of deceased women recalled to life.

(generally) to this, to this (alone), to (only) this subject/matter; for this (alone), for this (one) thing

Immo etiam prius. Nam jam huc adveniet miles.

late 3rd century BCE, Titus Maccius Plautus, Bacchides

Aye, even before that. For soon he shall arrive here (at this place) as a soldier.

Cur non illam huc transferri iubes?

166 BCE, Publius Terentius Afer, The Girl from Andros

Why don't you command her to be brought hither?

(locatively) to/at (precisely) this place, hither, here

In quamcumque domus adverti lumina partem, inmensae spectantur opes; accedit eodem digna dea facies; huc natas adice septem et totidem iuvenes et mox generosque nurusque!

8 CE, Publius Ovidius Naso, Metamorphoses

Within my court, where-e'er I turn my eyes,/ Unbounded treasures to my prospect rise:/ With these my face I modestly may name,/ As not unworthy of so high a claim;/ Seven thus far are my filles, of form divine,/ With seven fair sons, an indefective line.

(temporally) to (merely) this point in time, thus far, so far

Rubrum quoque emplastrum, quod Ephesium vocatur, huc aptum est.

~40 CE, Aulus Cornelius Celsus, De Medicina Liber V, Caput XIX "De Emplastris"

The red plaster, that called Ephesian, is also suitable for this purpose.

Ac ne adsiduos in domum coetus arcendo infringeret potentiam aut receptando facultatem criminantibus praeberet, huc flexit ut Tiberium ad vitam procul Roma amoenis locis degendam impelleret.

~110 CE, Publius Cornelius Tacitus, Annales Liber IV, 41

Nevertheless, that he might not impair his influence by closing his doors on the throngs of his many visitors or strengthen the hands of accusers by admitting them, he made it his aim to induce Tiberius to live in some charming spot at a distance from Rome.

(indicatively of purpose) to (solely) this end, for (just) this purpose, for (none other than) this reason, that, so that, in order that

Quis clarioribus viris quodam tempore iucundior, quis turpioribus coniunctior? quis civis meliorum partium aliquando, quis taetrior hostis huic civitati? quis in voluptatibus inquinatior, quis in laboribus patientior? quis in rapacitate avarior, quis in largitione effusior? Illa vero, iudices, in illo homine mirabilia fuerunt, comprehendere multos amicitia, tueri obsequio, cum omnibus communicare, quod habebat, servire temporibus suorum omnium pecunia, gratia, labore corporis, scelere etiam, si opus esset, et audacia, versare suam naturam et regere ad tempus atque huc et illuc torquere ac flectere, cum tristibus severe, cum remissis iucunde, cum senibus graviter, cum iuventute comiter, cum facinerosis audaciter, cum libidinosis luxuriose vivere.

56 BCE, Marcus Tullius Cicero, Oration in defense of Marcus Caelius Rufus: 6, 13

Who more pleasing to the most illustrious men of a certain period, who closest to the most abject? Which citizen among the better classes at a given moment, who a more hostile enemy for this city? Who in the most immersed pleasures, who most tolerant in the labors? Who more greedy in the raid, who more prodigal in the donation? However in that man, oh judges, there were admirable things, to catch many in friendship, to maintain allegiance, to put in common with all he had, to help with money in the circumstances of all, with grace, with the fatigue of the body, even with villainy, were it necessary, even with audacity, to change one's disposition and direct it towards the circumstance, and to twist and bend it haphazardly, living with the austere severely, with the remissive carefree, with the elderly seriously, with the youth playfully, with the troublemakers boldly, with the lustful lustfully.

(together with illuc as huc et illuc, indicatively of either disordered or reciprocating action) in a disorderly manner: to this and to that, hither and thither, from pillar to post, from post to pillar, helter-skelter, willy-nilly, chaotically, haphazardly; in a reciprocating manner: to here and to there, hither and thither, back and forth, to and fro, by turns, alternately, alternatingly


nudius

desc

Neapolitan: nustierzu (“the day before yesterday”), nustersu, nustiersu, nnustierzu, nnustersu, lustierzu (Calabria)

From Proto-Indo-European *nu (“now; well; and”) + diūs, reflecting the original nom.sg. of diēs (“day”) that was later remodelled on the accusative. The former component cognate to Latin num (interrogative particle), nunc (“now”), nūper (“lately, recently”); its length is uncertain, since the original short vowel of PIE appears to have undergone lengthening in numerous daughter languages, with both Sanskrit and Greek showing both variants. The original nominative also surfaces in me-diū̆s-Fidius (“so help me God”, interjection) as well as in diurnus; whether it retained the length of the ū cannot be established. The uncertainty over etymological vowel lengths is compounded by the fact that both the scansions nŭdĭū̆s (with anceps third syllable) and nūdĭŭ(s) (with s-loss or iambic shortening) are possible in all the occurrences except one, where nū- is required.

der

nudius tertius

day before yesterday (it is now the third day)

nudius quartus

day before the day before yesterday; three days ago (not four – Latin day counting included both endpoints; if three days ago is the first day, it is now the fourth day)

heri et nudius tertius, quartus, quintus, sextus […]

c. 200 BCE, Plautus, Mostellaria 4.965–966

Yesterday and the day before yesterday, and the day before that, and the day before that, and the day before that […]

nam ego Lemno advenio Athenas nudius tertius

Now I reach[ed] Athens from Lemnos the day before yesterday

nudius sextus quoi talentum mutuom dedi, reposcam

I will demand back the borrowed talent; it is now the sixth day since I gave it

Is et nū̆diū̆s tertius in custōdiam cīvīs Rōmānōs dedit et supplicātiōnem mihi dēcrēvit […]

63 BCE, Cicero, Catiline Orations In Catilinam.IV.5.10

This man both gave Roman citizens into custody three days ago, and voted me a thanskgiving […]

Recordamini, qui dies nudius tertius decimus fuerit

44 BCE – 43 BCE, Cicero, Philippicae 5.1.2

Recall what a day it was twelve days ago.

(with an ordinal number) (...−1) days ago; literally "it is now the ...th day since"


quadrate

[kʷäˈd̪räːt̪eː]

From quadrō (“make square”), from quadrus (“square, four-sided”), from quattuor (“four”).


ex tunc

ex (“from, out of”) + tunc (“then, in the past”); the use of ex with adverbs of time is a Late Latin development.

compound

Priora ex tunc adnuntiavi, et ex ore meo exierunt, et audita feci ea.

I have declared the former things from of old, and they have gone out from my mouth, and I have made them heard.


eminus

From ex (“out of, away from”) + manus (“hand, at hand”).


ad omnia

based on: Titus Livius, Ab urbe condita libri (editions have ante omnia or ad omnia)
Ingentem vim peditum equitumque venire: ex India elephantos: ad omnia tantum advehi auri.


ambigue

la-adv

ambiguē (comparative ambiguius, superlative ambiguissimē)

ambiguē (canonical)
ambiguius (comparative)
ambiguissimē (superlative)


benevole

benevolē (comparative benevolius, superlative benevolissimē)

benevolē (canonical)
benevolius (comparative)
benevolissimē (superlative)

[bɛˈneu̯ɔɫ̪eː]


ceu

Apocope of ce- + -ve (an earlier form *ceve, as in neu - neve and seu - sive is unattested), ultimately from Proto-Italic *keiwe, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱe- + *-wē.


barbare

barbarē (comparative barbarius, superlative barbarissimē)

barbarē (canonical)
barbarius (comparative)
barbarissimē (superlative)


proximus

From Proto-Indo-European *prokʷism̥mos, from *prokʷe (whence prope). See also -issimus.


facete

facētē (comparative facētius, superlative facētissimē)

facētē (canonical)
facētius (comparative)
facētissimē (superlative)

Numquam tam male est Siculīs quīn aliquid facētē […] dīcant.

It is never so bad for the Sicilians that they wouldn't say something funny


prope

prope (comparative propius, superlative proximē or proxumus or proximus)

propius (comparative)
proximē (superlative)
proxumus (superlative)
proximus (superlative)

From Proto-Indo-European *prokʷe, from *pro- + *-kʷe (equivalent to Latin pro + -que). The expected form would accordingly be *proque. The second -p- is probably due to assimilation. Compare the reverse development in quinque, coquo, which was hindered here by the initial cluster pr-. A less likely explanation is borrowing from Oscan, where -𐌐𐌄 (-pe) is the regular reflex.
The change from locative/ablative to accusative is caused by the adverbial suffix.


abiecte

abiectē (comparative abiectius, superlative abiectissimē)

abiectē (canonical)
abiectius (comparative)
abiectissimē (superlative)


abscondite

absconditē (comparative absconditius, superlative absconditissimē)

absconditē (canonical)
absconditius (comparative)
absconditissimē (superlative)


gravatim

gravātim (comparative gravātius, superlative gravātissimē)

gravātim (canonical)
gravātius (comparative)
gravātissimē (superlative)


abstinenter

abstinenter (comparative abstinentius, superlative abstinentissimē)

abstinentius (comparative)
abstinentissimē (superlative)


abundanter

abundanter (comparative abundantius, superlative abundantissimē)

abundantius (comparative)
abundantissimē (superlative)

[äbʊn̪ˈd̪än̪t̪ɛr]


absurde

absurdē (comparative absurdius, superlative absurdissimē)

absurdē (canonical)
absurdius (comparative)
absurdissimē (superlative)

From absurdus (“discordant, incongruous”).


fortasse

[fɔrˈt̪äs̠ːɛ]

De Vaan suggests a contraction of forte esse.


contemptim

contemptim (comparative contemptius, superlative contemptissimē)

contemptius (comparative)
contemptissimē (superlative)

From contemnō (“contemn, disparage”) + -tim (adverbial suffix).


breviter

la-adv

breviter (comparative brevius, superlative brevissimē)

brevius (comparative)
brevissimē (superlative)


duriter

dūriter (comparative dūrius, superlative dūrissimē)

dūriter (canonical)
dūrius (comparative)
dūrissimē (superlative)


difficiliter

difficiliter (comparative difficilius, superlative difficillimē)

difficilius (comparative)
difficillimē (superlative)

[d̪ɪfːɪˈkɪlʲɪt̪ɛr]

From difficilis (“difficult, troublesome”) + -ter.


divinitus

From dīvīnus (“of divine origin”) + -tus.

Bellum cīvīle mōvit Fūrius Camillus Scrībōniānus Delmatiae lēgātus; vērum intrā quīntum diem oppressus est legiōnibus, quae sacrāmentum mūtāverant, in paenitentiam religiōne conversīs, postquam dēnūntiātō ad novum imperātōrem itinere cāsū quōdam ac dīvīnitus neque aquila ōrnārī neque sīgna convellī movērīque potuērunt.

c. 69 CE – 122 CE, Suetonius, De vita Caesarum 5 13.period2

Furius Camillus Scribonianus set a civil war in motion; but within five days he was overcome by his legions, turnt to penitence by religion, who had shifted allegiance after, by chance and by divine intervention, nor could the eagle be adorned, nor the standards be pulled up and moved, when a march to the new commander was announced.

Illud adeō Sertōrī nōbile est: cerva alba eximiae pulchritūdinis et vīvācissimae celeritātis ā Lūsitānō eī quōdam dōnō data est. Hanc sibi oblātam dīvīnitus et īnstīnctam Diānae nūmine conloquī sēcum monēreque et docēre quae ūtilia factū essent, persuādēre omnibus īnstitit ac, sī quid dūrius vidēbātur quod imperandum mīlitibus foret, ā cervā sēsē monitum praedicābat.

c. 177 CE, Aulus Gellius, Noctes Atticae 15.22.3–5

This deed of Sertorius is very well known: a white hind of distinguished beauty and liveliest swiftness was given to him as a gift by some Lusitanian. He set to persuade everybody that it had been given to him from heaven, and that, instigated by the will of Diana, could speak to him and warn and advise what were advantageous to do, and, if what was to be ordered to the soldiers was judged more troublesome, he presented it as instructed to him by the hind.

from the gods, from heaven, by divine action


difficulter

la-adv

difficulter (comparative difficilius, superlative difficillimē)

[d̪ɪfːɪˈkʊɫ̪t̪ɛr]


occulte

occultē (comparative occultius, superlative occultissimē)

occultē (canonical)
occultius (comparative)
occultissimē (superlative)

tollensque illud portavit ad domum suam occulte ut dum sol occubuisset caute sepeliret eum

And taking it up carried it privately to his house, that after the sun was down, he might bury him cautiously.


eadem

From the ablative form of īdem (“the same”).

eadem ratione

c. 52 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de Bello Gallico VII.25


haud

Maybe from the same Proto-Indo-European root as Cornish gow (“lie”).

Haud istūc rogō. Fuistīn līber? – Fuī.
That's hardly what I’m asking about. Were you a freeman? – I was.

… super exuviās ēnsemque relictum / effigiemque torō locat, haud ignāra futūrī.

29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 4.507–508

Atop [the pyre]: his armor, and the sword he left behind, and an effigy [of Aeneas] — on the bed [they had shared, Dido] places [these things], by no means unaware of what is about to happen.
(Exemplifies litotes: In other words, only Dido knows well that these preparations for the magic ritual are part of what will become her own funeral pyre.)

scarcely, hardly, by no means, not, not at all


ad arma

From ad (“to”) + arma ("arms," "weapons").

Ad arma evocare.

Conclamantur ad arma.

Si non proficient artes, veniamus ad arma.

If they wont make art, we shall come to arms. (one way or the other)

Donec, infecta pace, ad arma desilirent.

While at length the peace being broken off, the came to strive and fight with arms.

Ad vim atque ad arma confugere.


occulto

[ɔkˈkʊɫ̪t̪oː]


perfecte

perfectē (comparative perfectius, superlative perfectissimē)

perfectē (canonical)
perfectius (comparative)
perfectissimē (superlative)


in cassum

From in (“in”) + cassum (“hollow, empty”), accusative of cassus.

In cassum cadunt omnia tua promissa.

Bene promittis multa ex multis: omnia in cassum cadunt.

You promise many things to many people: they all prove to be in vain.
You pile up fine promises sky-high: down they all drop to nothing. (translated by Paul Nixon, Plautus IV (Loeb), 1980, p. 37)

In cassum missae preces.

27 BCE – 25 BCE, Titus Livius, Ab Urbe Condita 2.49


lenonice

lēnōnicē (comparative lēnōnicius, superlative lēnōnicissimē)

lēnōnicē (canonical)
lēnōnicius (comparative)
lēnōnicissimē (superlative)

lēnō (“pimp”) + -icus (“-ish”) + -ē (“-ly”)


dolose

la-adv

dolōsē (comparative dolōsius, superlative dolōsissimē)

dolōsē (canonical)
dolōsius (comparative)
dolōsissimē (superlative)


ne quo

Ad cenam ne quo eat, neque ambulatrix sit.

She must not go out to meals, nor be a gadabout.


quid ni

Hem, Clinia haec fieri videbat? Quid nī? Mecum una simul.

Well, did Clinia see all this going on? - How shouldn't he? He was with me.

Quid nī? Quo verba facilius dentur mihi.

Why not? That I may be imposed upon the more easily.

Omnem rem tenes? - Quid ego nī teneam?

You understand the whole affair? - Why should I not understand it?

Quid illam nī abducat?

Quid ego nī ita censeam?

Quid ego nī fleam?

Quidnī, inquit, meminerim?

Quid nī meminerim.

Quid nī possim.

Quid nī laudet.

Why should he not praise him! (of course he should praise him)

Quid nī esset.


quidni

Quidnī, inquit, meminerim?


aliter

sin aliter/minus/secus

aliter quam ego velim

aliter exceptum


formose

fōrmōsē (comparative fōrmōsius, superlative fōrmōsissimē)

fōrmōsē (canonical)
fōrmōsius (comparative)
fōrmōsissimē (superlative)


frigide

frīgidē (comparative frīgidius, superlative frīgidissimē)

frīgidē (canonical)
frīgidius (comparative)
frīgidissimē (superlative)


indebite

indēbitē (comparative indēbitius, superlative indēbitissimē)

indēbitē (canonical)
indēbitius (comparative)
indēbitissimē (superlative)

[ɪn̪ˈd̪eːbɪt̪eː]


indebito

indēbitō (comparative indēbitius, superlative indēbitissimē)

indēbitō (canonical)
indēbitius (comparative)
indēbitissimē (superlative)

indēbitus (“not due”) + -ō (adverb-forming suffix)

suf

[ɪn̪ˈd̪eːbɪt̪oː]


acerbe

la-adv

acerbē (comparative acerbius, superlative acerbissimē)

acerbē (canonical)
acerbius (comparative)
acerbissimē (superlative)


amabo

Vide, amabo, num sit domi.


hiulce

hiulcē (comparative hiulcius, superlative hiulcissimē)

hiulcē (canonical)
hiulcius (comparative)
hiulcissimē (superlative)

stammeringly, with mouth gaping and long pauses.


hostiliter

hostīliter (comparative hostīlius, superlative hostīlissimē)

hostīliter (canonical)
hostīlius (comparative)
hostīlissimē (superlative)

[hɔs̠ˈt̪ɪlʲɪt̪ɛr]


humiliter

humiliter (comparative humilius, superlative humilissimē)

humilius (comparative)
humilissimē (superlative)

[hʊˈmɪlʲɪt̪ɛr]

From humilis (“low, base, abject”) + -ter.


humanitus

From hūmānus (“humane, noble”) + -tus (adverb-forming suffix).

af

humanely, kindly, politely; in a humane manner.


humaniter

la-adv

hūmāniter (comparative hūmānius, superlative hūmānissimē)

hūmāniter (canonical)
hūmānius (comparative)
hūmānissimē (superlative)


humi

From Proto-Italic *homei, locative of humus (“ground, soil”). Ancient Greek χαμαί (khamaí, “on the ground”) is the same formation.


hinc

“Hinc Gaetūlae urbēs, genus īnsuperābile bellō,
et Numidae īnfrēnī cingunt et inhospita Syrtīs;
hinc dēserta sitī regiō, lātēque furentēs

“On this side [are] the cities of the Gaetulians, a race unconquerable in war, and the Numidians [who ride] unbridled, as well as the forbidding [sandbanks of the] Syrtes surrounding [us]; on the other side lies a forsaken desert region, with its Barcaean people raging far and wide.”
(Anna reminds Dido that Carthage is surrounded by both geographic and political dangers. For another Virgilian example of the correlative “hinc…hinc,” cf. Eclogues 1.54-57.)

from this side, on this side…on that side, here


repens

Of uncertain origin. De Vaan prefers to derive the word from Proto-Italic *rep-nt-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁repnt- (“seizing”), the aorist participle of *h₁rep- (“to snatch”), and thus cognate with rapiō (“to snatch”); see there for more.


antea

Italian: anzi

From ante (“before”) + ea (“these things”).


languide

la-adv

languidē (comparative languidius, superlative languidissimē)

languidē (canonical)
languidius (comparative)
languidissimē (superlative)


stricte

strictē (comparative strictius, superlative strictissimē)

strictē (canonical)
strictius (comparative)
strictissimē (superlative)

ita nos habitum ipsum orationis virilem et illam vim stricte robusteque dicendi tenera quadam elocutionis cute operimus […]

c. 35 CE – 100 CE, Quintilian, Institutio Oratoria 5.12.18

In this manner we conceal the manly character of oration and the strength of speaking concisely and firmly with a delicate surface of expression […]

Quantus tremor est futurus,
Quando Iudex est venturus,

How great will be the tremor,
when justice comes,
strictly examining all things!


callide

callidē (comparative callidius, superlative callidissimē)

callidē (canonical)
callidius (comparative)
callidissimē (superlative)


accusatorie

[äkːuːs̠äːˈt̪oːrieː]

From accūsātōrius (“accusatory”), from accūsātor (“accuser”), from accūsō (“blame, accuse”), from ad (“to, towards, at”) + causa (“cause, reason, account, lawsuit”).


hauddum

[ˈhäu̯d̪ːʊ̃ˑ]

From haud (“not at all”) + dum (“while”).


hactenus

[ˈhäːkt̪ɛnʊs̠]

hāc (“on this side”) + tenus (“unto”, “as far as”)

compound

(figuratively) thus far, hitherto, to this moment, until now.


gravanter

la-adv

gravanter (comparative gravantius, superlative gravantissimē)

gravantius (comparative)
gravantissimē (superlative)

From gravāns, participle of gravō (“burden, make heavy”).


granditer

granditer (comparative grandius, superlative grandissimē)

grandius (comparative)
grandissimē (superlative)

[ˈɡrän̪d̪ɪt̪ɛr]


gratiis

[ˈɡräːt̪iːs̠]

[ˈɡrät̪ː͡s̪iːs]

numerēs oportet aliquid, ut patī possim:
cotīdiānam refice nauseam nummīs:

86 CE – 103 CE, Martial, Epigrammata 4.37.8-10

without recompense or compensation, gratis


forsitan

From fors (“chance”) + sit (“be”, subjunctive) + an (“whether”).

et aut ego indigna fui illis aut illi mihi forsitan digni non fuerunt quia forsitan viro alio conservasti me

And either I was unworthy of them, or they perhaps were not worthy of me: because perhaps thou hast kept me for another man,


forsit

Italo-Dalmatian

Corsican: forse

Istriot: fuorsi

Italian: forse

Neapolitan: forze

Sicilian: forsi, fraci

Rhaeto-Romance

Friulian: forsit

quote-web

Dizionar Ladin-Talian

(Can we date this quote?), “Dizionar Ladin-Talian”, in Dizionar Ladin Standard:
fosc — varianti locali: ‡ povester (gherdëina), forsc (badiot), forsci (fascian), forsi (fodom), fósc (anpezan), fosc (fodom, fascian)
(please add an English translation of this quotation)

Ladin dolomitan: forsi, forsci, forsc, fosc

Romansch: forsa, forza

desc

Sardinian: forcis, forsis, fortzis, fossis, frotzis

From ellipsis of fors (“chance”) + sit (“be”, subjunctive).


cruenter

la-adv

cruenter (comparative cruentius, superlative cruentissimē)

cruentius (comparative)
cruentissimē (superlative)


crudeliter

crūdēliter (comparative crūdēlius, superlative crūdēlissimē)

crūdēliter (canonical)
crūdēlius (comparative)
crūdēlissimē (superlative)

From crūdēlis (“cruel, hard-hearted”) + -ter.


hilariter

hilariter (comparative hilarius, superlative hilarissimē)

hilarius (comparative)
hilarissimē (superlative)

[hɪˈɫ̪ärɪt̪ɛr]


graciliter

graciliter (comparative gracilius, superlative gracilissimē)

gracilius (comparative)
gracilissimē (superlative)

[ɡräˈkɪlʲɪt̪ɛr]


crebre

crēbrē (comparative crēbrius, superlative crēbrissimē)

crēbrē (canonical)
crēbrius (comparative)
crēbrissimē (superlative)


crebro

crēbrō (comparative crēbrius, superlative crēbrissimē)

crēbrō (canonical)
crēbrius (comparative)
crēbrissimē (superlative)

From crēber (“close, repeated, frequent”).

close one after another; repeatedly, often, frequently


uber

ūber (comparative ūbius, superlative ūbissimē)

ūber (canonical)
ūbius (comparative)
ūbissimē (superlative)

English: uberous

From Proto-Italic *ouðer, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ówHdʰr̥ (“udder”) (r/n-stem, with r made common to all cases). Cognates include Vedic Sanskrit ऊधर् (ū́dhar), Ancient Greek οὖθαρ (oûthar), Old English ūder, and modern English udder.


amatorie

From amātōrius (“loving, amorous”) + -ē.


anguste

angustē (comparative angustius, superlative angustissimē)

angustē (canonical)
angustius (comparative)
angustissimē (superlative)

narrowly, within a narrow space, closely


acerrime

sed paene ne respiceret quidem quisquam, ac tum omnes acerrime fortissimeque pugnarent

c. 52 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de Bello Gallico 5.43.4


omnino

⇒ Italian: onninamente

From omnia (“all things”) + -īnus (“-ine: forming adjectives”) + -ō (“-ly: forming adverbs”).

Omnes omnia omnino doceantur.

All people should be entirely taught all things.

… nōn equidem omnīnō captā ac dēserta vidērer.

“[...and], at least for me, I would not feel so utterly taken and abandoned.”

in all things, in all ways, entirely, utterly, altogether, wholly

Quīnque omnīnō fuērunt.

Erant omnīnō itinera duo.

(with numerals) in all, altogether, only, just

Sī probāre possēmus Ligārium in Āfricā omnīnō nōn fuisse.

If we could prove that Ligarius was not at all in Africa.

(with negatives) in any thing, in any way, at all


secum

Asturian: sigo

Emilian: sêg

Italian: seco

Old Galician-Portuguese: sigo

Galician: consigo

Portuguese: consigo (com + sigo)

Old Spanish: sigo

Spanish: consigo (con + sigo)

Nunc mediā Aenēān sēcum per moenia dūcit, ….

Now [Dido] leads Aeneas with her, in the midst [of and all] throughout the fortifications [of Carthage], ….
(Dido and Aeneas begin to be seen together more often in public.)

Duxit secum virginem.

Pompeius a me petiit ut secum, et apud se quotidie essem.

Pompeius requested me to be with him and at his house every day.

Filium perduxere illuc secum, ut una esset, meum.

They took my son along with them in their company thither.

Amœnitates omnium Venerum atque venustatum is secum adfert.

He brings all kinds of pleasures with him.


vobiscum

Vulgar Latin: vōscum (see there for further descendants)

[u̯oːˈbiːs̠kʊ̃ˑ]

From vōbīs (“you”) + -cum (“with”).
Cicero offered an amusing folk-etymology to the effect that the opposite order cum nōbīs was avoided because it would sound 'obscene', that is, a bit like cunnō bis 'twice by the cunt'. (Final /m/ can assimilate to a following consonant.)

Pax vobiscum

Dominus vobiscum


mecum

Dalmatian: conmaic

Emilian: mêg

Italian: meco

Old Leonese:

Asturian: migo, conmigo, comigo

Leonese: cunmiéu

Mirandese: cumigo

Old Galician-Portuguese: migo, comigo

Galician: comigo (con + migo)

Portuguese: comigo (com + migo)

Old Spanish:

Spanish: conmigo (con + migo)

Neapolitan: cummico

Indignabar mecum.

Vade mecum.

Dii mecum militant.

Quid mecum est tibi? Aut tibi?


nobiscum

Vulgar Latin: nōscum (see there for further descendants)


tecum

Asturian: tigo

Emilian: têg

Italian: teco

Old Galician-Portuguese: tigo

Galician: contigo

Portuguese: contigo (com + tigo)

Old Spanish: tigo

Spanish: contigo (con + tigo)

Qui tecum cupis esse meos ubicumque libellos

Sit vīs tēcum. ― May the force be with you.


quibuscum

[ˈkʷɪbʊs̠kʊ̃ˑ]


quicum

Quīcum concordissimē vīxerat.

Quīcum loquitur fīlius?

quicum litigas, Olympio?


recenter

recenter (comparative recentius, superlative recentissimē)

recentius (comparative)
recentissimē (superlative)

From recēns + -ter (adverb-forming suffix).


satisne

[s̠äˈt̪ɪs̠nɛ]

Roget satisne tempori opera sient confecta.

Let him ask whether the works were done timely enough.

By April Cicero was back in the city, and wondering whether to accept Varro's invitation to Cumae:
etsi uide, quaeso, satisne rectum sit nos hoc tanto incendio ciuitatis in istis locis esse; ...
But pray ask yourself whether it is quite proper for us to be down there at such a time of national convulsion.

2008, T. P. Wiseman, Remembering the Roman People : Essays on Late-Republican, pages 107–108:

Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see satis, -ne. introducing questions


si vis

From sī (“if”) + vīs (“you want”), the second person of volō (“I want”). Literally meaning "if you want".

if you wish, if you want, if you choose, if you insist upon it, if you're willing, if you prefer


longiter

longiter (comparative longius, superlative longissimē)

longius (comparative)
longissimē (superlative)

Navarro-Aragonese: luent (“far”) ⇒ lonteza (“distance”)

Aragonese: luent, lluent (Ribagorçan)

q

Valencian: llunt (possibly; otherwise a secondary development from lluny)

Non, ut opinor, id a leto jam longiter errat.


tacite

la-adv

tacitē (comparative tacitius, superlative tacitissimē)

tacitē (canonical)
tacitius (comparative)
tacitissimē (superlative)


emendate

ēmendātē (comparative ēmendātius, superlative ēmendātissimē)

ēmendātē (canonical)
ēmendātius (comparative)
ēmendātissimē (superlative)

From ēmendātus (“correct, faultless, perfect”), from ēmendō (“I free from faults, I correct, I improve, I amend”) and -ē (“-ly, -ily”).

ēmendātē loquī

faultlessly, correctly, perfectly, purely


parate

parātē (comparative parātius, superlative parātissimē)

parātē (canonical)
parātius (comparative)
parātissimē (superlative)

From parātus (“prepared”) + -ē (adverbial suffix).


ubinam

From the adverb ubī̆ (“where”) and -nam (“added to adverbs for the sake of emphasis”).

In quā non video, ubinam mens constans possit insistere.


inter se

inter sē (canonical)
inter nōs (first-person)
inter vōs (second-person)

[ɪn̪ˈt̪ɛrs̠eː]

From inter (“between”) + sē (“reflexive pronoun”, acc).

inter sē amāre

inter sē cōnsentīre

to feel the same way, to agree among oneselves

clam inter sē convenīre

inter sē atomōrum complexiō

quae inter sē dissident

pugnantēs inter sē colōrēs

numerōs inter sē multiplicāre

to multiply (literally, “to fold numbers together with each other”)

(third-person reciprocal) (with, among etc.) one another, each other; together, mutually


ubicumque

ubicumque (canonical)
ubīcumque (canonical)

Old French: oconque, ouconque

→ Interlingua: ubicunque

[ʊbɪˈkʊŋkʷɛ]

[ʊbiːˈkʊŋkʷɛ]

Derived from ubī̆ (“where”) + -cumque (indefinite suffix).

suffix

Patria est, ubicumque est bene.

c. 45 BCE, Cicero, Tusculan Disputations 5.108

wherever, wheresoever, in whatever place; in any place


ubi ubi

Ubi ubi est, fac quamprīmum haec audiat.

Wherever he is, make sure he hears this first thing.

(colloquial, rare) wherever, wheresoever


ne quidem

[neː ˈkʷɪd̪ɛ̃ˑ]

Ne Hercules quidem adversus duos.

Ne Juppiter quidem omnibus placet.

Nam Tiberius cuncta per consules incipiebat, tamquam vetere re publica et ambiguus imperandi: ne edictum quidem, quo patres in curiam vocabat, nisi tribuniciae potestatis praescriptione posuit sub Augusto acceptae.

For Tiberius would inaugurate everything with the consuls, as though the ancient constitution remained, and he hesitated about being emperor. Even the proclamation by which he summoned the senators to their chamber, he issued merely with the title of Tribune, which he had received under Augustus.

Ne vestigium quidem ullum est reliquum nobis dignitatis.

Not even a trace of our dignity is left to us.

Ingrata patria, ne ossa quidem habebis.

Ungrateful fatherland, you will not even have my bones.


falsissime

multa etiam quae adversus haec falsissimē disputantur audīvī et memoriā teneō.

397 CE – 401 CE, Aurelius Augustinus Hipponensis, Confessions 10.13

I have also heard and hold in memory many things which against these things are discussed most falsely.


diuturne

la-adv

diū̆turnē (comparative diū̆turnius, superlative diū̆turnissimē)

diū̆turnē (canonical)
diū̆turnius (comparative)
diū̆turnissimē (superlative)


foras

Aromanian: fãrã, afoarã

Catalan: fora

French: hors

Galician: fóra

Italian: fuori

Occitan: fòra

Old Galician-Portuguese: foras, fora

Piedmontese: fora

Portuguese: fora, afora

Romanian: fără, afară

Sicilian: fora, fuora

Spanish: fuera, afuera

Venetan: fora, fuora

Accusative plural case of some obsolete noun *fora, from Proto-Italic *fworā, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰwer- (“door, gate”), whence also forīs.
Forās is mostly of direction, forīs of location.

der

Foras ire.


lacrimose

la-adv

lacrimōsē (comparative lacrimōsius, superlative lacrimōsissimē)

lacrimōsē (canonical)
lacrimōsius (comparative)
lacrimōsissimē (superlative)

[ɫ̪äkrɪˈmoːs̠eː]


inconsulte

incōnsultē (comparative incōnsultius, superlative incōnsultissimē)

incōnsultē (canonical)
incōnsultius (comparative)
incōnsultissimē (superlative)


multo

multo post

multo ante


primitus

Sed pertinuit ad Deum, quo ista inspirante conscripta sunt, has duas societates suis diuersis generationibus primitus digerere atque distinguere […]

412 CE – 426 CE, Aurelius Augustinus Hipponensis, City of God 15.8

But it suited the purpose of God, by whose inspiration these histories were composed, to arrange and distinguish from the first these two societies in their several generations […]

originally, at first, from the first, from/at first flush


sempiterne

sempiternē (comparative sempiternius, superlative sempiternissimē)

sempiternē (canonical)
sempiternius (comparative)
sempiternissimē (superlative)


promiscue

in common, promiscuously, confusedly, indiscriminately


salse

salsē (comparative salsius, superlative salsissimē)

salsē (canonical)
salsius (comparative)
salsissimē (superlative)


imperiose

imperiōsē (comparative imperiōsius, no superlative)

imperiōsē (canonical)
imperiōsius (comparative)

From imperiōsus (“mighty, powerful; imperious, tyrannical”), from imperium (“empire, imperial government”), from imperō (“command, order”), from im- (form of in) + parō (“prepare, arrange; intend”).


consuetudinarie

[kõːs̠u̯eːt̪uːd̪ɪˈnäːrieː]

From cōnsuētūdinārius (“customary, ordinary”) + -ē (“-ly”, adverbial suffix).

af

507 CE – 537 CE, Cassiodorus, Variarum libri XII 12.2.6


eapropter

From eā (“there”) + propter (“because of”).


propterea

From propter (“because of”) + ea (“these things”).


cupide

la-adv

cupidē (comparative cupidius, superlative cupidissimē)

cupidē (canonical)
cupidius (comparative)
cupidissimē (superlative)


inopinate

inopinātē (comparative inopinātius, superlative inopinātissimē)

inopinātē (canonical)
inopinātius (comparative)
inopinātissimē (superlative)


litteratim

English: literatim

[lʲɪt̪ːɛˈräːt̪ɪ̃ˑ]

From littera (“letter of the alphabet”) + -ātim.

suffix

(Medieval Latin) literatim, letter by letter, letter for letter.


immodeste

la-adv

immodestē (comparative immodestius, superlative immodestissimē)

immodestē (canonical)
immodestius (comparative)
immodestissimē (superlative)

[ɪmːɔˈd̪ɛs̠t̪eː]


quare

Aragonese: car

Catalan: car

Esperanto: ĉar

Occitan: car

Franco-Provençal: quar

Old French: quer

French: car

Portuguese: cá (archaic)

Spanish: car (archaic)

quā (“by what”) + rē (“about, anent, with reference to”), ablative of rēs (“thing, matter, topic”).

affix

(relative) by which means, by means of which, whereby

Odi et amo, quare id faciam, fortasse requiris; nescio, sed fieri sentio et excrucior.

I hate and I love. Why I do this perhaps you ask. I do not know, but I sense that it happens and I am tormented.

(interrogative) from what cause, on what account, why, wherefore

Inveniuntur enim praeter amnem mirae villae et horti, qui a regibus Franciae in XVI° saeculo structi sunt: quare Liger hodie saepe regale flumen vocatur.

However, besides rivers/streams are found marvelous estates and gardens, which were constructed by kings of France during the 16th century: which is why the Loire today is often called a royal river.

Quare quassato corpore neque frigora neque aestus facile tolerabat.

Hence, because of his delicate health, he could easily tolerate neither cold nor hot conditions.

(relative) therefore, and so, hence, for this reason, for which reason


quoad

From quod + ad (i.e. "ad quod"). See also quam, quandō, usque.


invise

la-adv

invīsē (comparative invīsius, superlative invīsissimē)

invīsē (canonical)
invīsius (comparative)
invīsissimē (superlative)


lascive

lascīvē (comparative lascīvius, superlative lascīvissimē)

lascīvē (canonical)
lascīvius (comparative)
lascīvissimē (superlative)


eleganter

ēleganter (comparative ēlegantius, superlative ēlegantissimē)

ēleganter (canonical)
ēlegantius (comparative)
ēlegantissimē (superlative)


huiusmodi

...per servicium reddendi nobis cultellos, vel sagittas, vel hujusmodi.

...for the service of providing the King knives, arrows, or the like. (Magna Carta, Articles, section 27; 1225, section 27)


periculose

perīculōsē (comparative perīculōsius, superlative perīculōsissimē)

perīculōsē (canonical)
perīculōsius (comparative)
perīculōsissimē (superlative)

From perīculōsus (“dangerous, hazardous, perilous”).

With danger, risk or peril; dangerously, perilously, hazardously.


quemadmodum

[kʷɛ̃ˑ ˈäd̪mɔd̪ʊ̃ˑ]

Univerbation of quī (“what”) + ad (“according to”) + modus (“manner, way”), showing a type of fronting also known as the magnā cum laude-construction.


comminus

From con- (“with, together”) + manus (“hand”).

at postquam virtūs annīs adolēvit, in aprōs

But after his valor has matured with his years, he dares to engage in close combat with boars and shaggy lionesses.
(See Hyas.)

in close combat, in close contest, hand-to-hand

close up or at hand, near to; immediately


fanatice

la-adv

fānāticē (comparative fānāticius, superlative fānāticissimē)

fānāticē (canonical)
fānāticius (comparative)
fānāticissimē (superlative)

From fānāticus (“enthusiastic; frantic; mad”).


perridicule

perrīdiculē (comparative perrīdiculius, superlative perrīdiculissimē)

perrīdiculē (canonical)
perrīdiculius (comparative)
perrīdiculissimē (superlative)


sub Iove

Literally "under Jove", from sub (“under”) + ablative of Iovis (“Jupiter, god of the sky”).

sub Iove dūrābant et corpora nūda gerēbant

[Living] under the open sky they were toughened up, and displayed their bodies naked,
trained to endure heavy rains and southern winds.

(figuratively) under the Jovian sky, under the open sky, in the open air, outside.


volup

Shortened from Old Latin *volupe, from Proto-Indo-European *wolp-i (“hope”, noun) with an anaptyctic vowel inserted between the l and p, from *welp- (“to hope”), whence Ancient Greek ἔλπω (élpō, “to cause to hope”).
The root *welp- has been alternately constructed by Hamp as *welh₁p-, and taken as a compound of *welh₁- (“to wish, want”) + *h₁ep- (“to reach, get”), literally “desire reaching, attaining one's wish”. While this is formally possible and semantically reasonable, the rather strange shape of the formation, lack of other evidence for said formation, as well as *h₁ep- usually being reconstructed as *h₂ep-, casts this reconstruction in doubt.


vulgare

(proscribed) commonly, usually, popularly, vulgarly


abhorride

la-adv

abhorridē (comparative abhorridius, superlative abhorridissimē)

abhorridē (canonical)
abhorridius (comparative)
abhorridissimē (superlative)

From ab + horridē (“roughly, crudely”), from horridus (“sticking out, rough, bristly”).


ab ante

From ab (“away from”) + ante (“before”).


praeclare

praeclārē (comparative praeclārius, superlative praeclārissimē)

praeclārē (canonical)
praeclārius (comparative)
praeclārissimē (superlative)


interdum

[ɪn̪ˈt̪ɛrd̪ʊ̃ˑ]


nempe

From nam + -pe. Same corroborating particle seen in quippe.

Nempe enim duo genera māteriārum apud rhētorās tractantur, suāsōriae et contrōversiae.

c. 102 CE, Tacitus, Dialogus de oratoribus 35

Yes, indeed, two kinds of subjects are discussed by rhetoricians: persuasive, and disputing declamations.

Meminī. Nempe illum dīcis cum armīs aureīs

c. 206 BCE, Plautus, Miles Gloriosus 1.1.16

I remember; certainly, you mean the one with the golden armour

(figuratively, with irony) forsooth, to be sure


numerositer

numerōsiter (comparative numerōsius, superlative numerōsissimē)

numerōsiter (canonical)
numerōsius (comparative)
numerōsissimē (superlative)

From numerōsus (“numerous, abundant; harmonious”), from numerus (“number”).


agminatim

agminātim (comparative agminātius, superlative agminātissimē)

agminātim (canonical)
agminātius (comparative)
agminātissimē (superlative)

in trains, hosts, flocks or crowds, by troops


spiritaliter

spīritāliter (comparative spīritālius, superlative spīritālissimē)

spīritāliter (canonical)
spīritālius (comparative)
spīritālissimē (superlative)

From spīritālis (“spiritual”), from spīritus (“breath, breathing; air; spirit”), from spirō (“breathe, respire; live”).


coniecturaliter

[kɔni̯ɛkt̪uːˈräːlʲɪt̪ɛr]

From coniectūrālis (“conjectural”) + -ter, from coniectūra (“conjecture, guess”).


zelanter

zēlanter (comparative zēlantius, superlative zēlantissimē)

zēlanter (canonical)
zēlantius (comparative)
zēlantissimē (superlative)

[d̪͡z̪eːˈɫ̪än̪t̪ɛr]


zonatim

zōnātim (comparative zōnātius, superlative zōnātissimē)

zōnātim (canonical)
zōnātius (comparative)
zōnātissimē (superlative)


sero

sērō (comparative sērius, superlative sērissimē)

sērō (canonical)
sērius (comparative)
sērissimē (superlative)


festiviter

fēstīviter (comparative fēstīvius, superlative fēstīvissimē)

fēstīviter (canonical)
fēstīvius (comparative)
fēstīvissimē (superlative)

From fēstīvus (“joyous, festive; pleasing”) + -ter, from fēstus (“feast-like; festive”).

suffix

humorously, facetiously, wittily, festively


denuo

From an unattested Old Latin *dē novōd, from Proto-Italic *dē nowōd, equivalent to dē + novō (“from new”). Compare the medieval expression dē novō (“afresh, anew”), as well as French de nouveau (“again”), Old Spanish de nuevo (“again”), Old Italian di nuovo (“again”).

Non mireris quia dixi tibi oportet vos nasci denuo.

You should not be surprised at my saying, 'You must be born again.'

a second time, once again, once more, again

SOSIA: Animum advorte. nunc licet mihi libere quidvis loqui. Amphitruonis ego sum servos Sosia.

c. 190 BCE – 185 BCE, Plautus, Amphitryon 2.95

SOSIA: Then give attention: now I'm at liberty to say in freedom anything I please. I am Sosia, servant of Amphitryon.
MERCURY: What, again?

Ecce, Apollo, denuo, me iubes facere impetum in eum qui stat atque occidere. Sed quis hic est qui me capillo hínc de curru deripit? Imperium tuom demutat atque edictum Apollinis.

Lo! again, Apollo, thou dost bid me to make an onset against him who is standing here, and to murder him. But what person is this that is tearing me hence by the hair down from the chariot? He revokes thy commands and the decree of Apollo.

anything which is repeated, once more, again

(colloquial) again, where an action is reversed


affabiliter

la-adv

affābiliter (comparative affābilius, superlative affābilissimē)

affābiliter (canonical)
affābilius (comparative)
affābilissimē (superlative)

From affābilis (“affable, courteous”), from affor (“speak to, address”).


tumultuose

tumultuōsē (comparative tumultuōsius, superlative tumultuōsissimē)

tumultuōsē (canonical)
tumultuōsius (comparative)
tumultuōsissimē (superlative)


virulente

vīrulentē (comparative vīrulentius, superlative vīrulentissimē)

vīrulentē (canonical)
vīrulentius (comparative)
vīrulentissimē (superlative)

Repetii ergo Corollaria Catechetica a Naerano impugnata, et in epistola famosa virulentissime dicteriis loco argumentorum traducta

1638, Gisberto Voetio, chapter XXIII, in Gymnasium Ultraiectinum, page 198:

I recounted, therefore, the impugned Catechistic Corollaries by Nerano, and in a famous letter most virulently transported by witticisms to the place of arguments


quantumvis

[kʷän̪ˈt̪ʊmu̯iːs̠]

From quantusvīs (“as much as you want”).


illi

standing on that side, belonging to that party


arroganter

arroganter (comparative arrogantius, superlative arrogantissimē)

arrogantius (comparative)
arrogantissimē (superlative)

From arrogō (“arrogate to myself, assume”), from ad (“to, towards, at”) + rogō (“ask; request”).

Arrogantly, haughtily, proudly, insolently, conceitedly, presumptuously.


interroganter

interroganter (comparative interrogantius, superlative interrogantissimē)

interrogantius (comparative)
interrogantissimē (superlative)

From interrogō (“inquire, interrogate; argue”).


rivatim

From rīv(us) (“brook, channel”) + -ātim.


longanimiter

longanimiter (comparative longanimius, superlative longanimissimē)

longanimius (comparative)
longanimissimē (superlative)

From longanimis (“patient, forbearing”) + -ter.


longinque

la-adv

longinquē (comparative longinquius, superlative longinquissimē)

longinquē (canonical)
longinquius (comparative)
longinquissimē (superlative)

From longinquus (“long, distant; remote; lasting”).

(of space) A long way off, far away, at a distance, distant.

(of time) For a long while, long; after a long interval.


instructe

īnstrūctē (comparative īnstrūctius, superlative īnstrūctissimē)

īnstrūctē (canonical)
īnstrūctius (comparative)
īnstrūctissimē (superlative)

From īnstruō (“arrange; prepare (for), equip”).


longiuscule

longiusculē (comparative longiusculius, superlative longiusculissimē)

longiusculē (canonical)
longiusculius (comparative)
longiusculissimē (superlative)


longule

Rather far, long or lengthy; at a little distance.


longinquo

longinquō (comparative longinquius, superlative longinquissimē)

longinquō (canonical)
longinquius (comparative)
longinquissimē (superlative)

[ɫ̪ɔŋˈɡɪŋkʷoː]

(of time) of long duration or continuance, prolonged


faciliter

faciliter (comparative facilius, superlative facilissimē)

facilius (comparative)
facilissimē (superlative)


directe

dīrēctē (comparative dīrēctius, superlative dīrēctissimē)

dīrēctē (canonical)
dīrēctius (comparative)
dīrēctissimē (superlative)

moving straight forward, in straight line


coelitus

Alternative form of caelitus ("from heaven; from the emperor").


abinde

From ab (“from, away from”) + inde (“from that place, thence, there”).


posthac

[pɔs̠ˈt̪ʰäːk]

[pɔs̠ˈt̪äːk]

From post (“behind; afterwards, after”) + hāc (“on this side”).

After this time, henceforth, hereafter, in the future, from now on; thereafter.


pagatim

[päːˈɡäːt̪ɪ̃ˑ]

[päˈɡäːt̪im]

From pāg(us) (“district, village”) + -ātim.

By villages or districts; in every village.


nequiquam

[neːˈkʷiːkʷä̃ˑ]

et mūtam nequīquam alloquerer cinerem.

… an tē, genitor, cum fulmina torquēs, / nēquīquam horrēmus ….

29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 4.208–209

“Or when you hurl thunderbolts, Father [Jupiter], [do we] tremble vainly?”

In vain, vainly, needlessly, uselessly, fruitlessly, pointlessly; to no purpose or effect, without ground or reason


dehinc

Univerbation of dē (“down from”) + hinc, with apocope of + -ce and vowel contraction.

nēmō est quem jam dehinc metuam

There's nobody I'm going to be afraid of after this.

from here, from here on in, hence, henceforth, from this time on, in the future, at a later stage (in the story)

Eurum ad sē Zephyrumque vocat; dehinc tālia fātur:

He summons to himself Eurus and Zephyrus; thereupon he speaks such [words]: ….
(Pronounce “dehinc” as monosyllabic in this context.)

immediately afterward, afterwards, after that, thereafter, thereupon, then, next

post eōs Aethiopās esse, dehinc loca exūsta sōlis ārdōribus

86 BCE – c. 35 BCE, Sallust, Bellum Jugurthinum 19.6

Further to the south are Ethiopians, and from here on lands scorched by the sun's heat.

(topography) from this place on, from here on


quadripartito

From quadripartītus, the perfect passive participle of quadripartiō (“divide in four parts”).

in four divisions or parts, quadripartitely


ita vivam

[ˈɪt̪ä ˈu̯iːu̯ä̃ˑ]

Extrema pagella pupugit me tuo chirographo. Quid ais? Caesarem nunc defendit Curio? Quis hoc putaret, praeter me? Nam, ita vivam, putavi.

Letters to friends (on Wikisource) by Cicero (text may be found here in Latin and English)

Your last page, in your own handwriting, was like a dagger in my heart. What say you? Curio now standing up for Caesar? Who had ever expected it? No one but myself! For, as I live, I thought that would happen.


barbarice

la-adv

barbaricē (comparative barbaricius, superlative barbaricissimē)

barbaricē (canonical)
barbaricius (comparative)
barbaricissimē (superlative)

(Late Latin) like a foreigner; in a foreign language


sicut

Multorum te etiam oculi et aures non sentientem, sicut adhuc fecerunt, speculabuntur atque custodient.

Many eyes and ears shall still observe and watch you, as they have hitherto done, though you shall not perceive them.


strenue

strēnuē (comparative strēnuius, superlative strēnuissimē)

strēnuē (canonical)
strēnuius (comparative)
strēnuissimē (superlative)


circiter

(of place) on every side; near, round about

mediā circiter nocte

circiter pars quarta

(of number) near, close, about, approximately


commodum

From commodus (“perfect; fit, opportune”).

[ˈkɔmːɔd̪ʊ̃ˑ]

sī istāc ībis, commodum obveniēs patrī.

c. 206 BCE – 188 BCE, Plautus, Mercator 219

If you go this way, you will just meet your father.

Labrax: quīn tū hinc īs ā mē in maxumam malam crucem? Charmidēs: … eāsque rēs agēbam commodum.

Labrax: Why don't you fare hence from me and go to blazes? Charmides: … I was just doing that.

sed maneam etiam opīnor, namque hoc commodum ōrdītur loquī.

but I think I should still wait, for he just begins to talk about it.

Commodum discesserās heri, cum Trebātius vēnit

68 BCE – 44 BCE, Cicero, Epistulae ad Atticum 13.9

Yesterday you had just left, when Trebatius came.

postquam mē mīsistī ad portum … commodum radiōsus sēsē sōl superābat ex marī.

after you had sent me to the harbor, the radiant sun was just emerging from the sea

Ergō igitur inefficācī celeritāte fatīgātus commodum vesperā oriente ad balneās prōcesseram.

c. 125 CE – 180 CE, Apuleius, Asinus aureus 1.5.5


tumide

tumidē (comparative tumidius, superlative tumidissimē)

tumidē (canonical)
tumidius (comparative)
tumidissimē (superlative)

[ˈt̪ʊmɪd̪eː]

From tumidus (“swollen; pompous, bombastic”), from tumeō (“I swell”) + idus.


pudenter

pudenter (comparative pudentius, superlative pudentissimē)

pudentius (comparative)
pudentissimē (superlative)

From pudēns + -ter, present active participle of pudet (“it shames”).


venuste

venustē (comparative venustius, superlative venustissimē)

venustē (canonical)
venustius (comparative)
venustissimē (superlative)


pudice

pudīcē (comparative pudīcius, superlative pudīcissimē)

pudīcē (canonical)
pudīcius (comparative)
pudīcissimē (superlative)

From pudīcus (“chaste; modest, shamefaced”), from pudet (“it shames”).


querule

querulē (comparative querulius, superlative querulissimē)

querulē (canonical)
querulius (comparative)
querulissimē (superlative)

[ˈkʷɛrʊɫ̪eː]

(Medieval Latin) querulously, plaintively


prolixe

prōlixē (comparative prōlixius, superlative prōlixissimē)

prōlixē (canonical)
prōlixius (comparative)
prōlixissimē (superlative)


injuste

injūstē (comparative injūstius, superlative injūstissimē)

injūstē (canonical)
injūstius (comparative)
injūstissimē (superlative)