"seminarium" meaning in Latin

See seminarium in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

Etymology: From sēmen (“seed”) + -ārium (“place for”), that is, a place for sowing the seeds of knowledge. Etymology templates: {{affix|la|sēmen|-ārium|t1=seed|t2=place for}} sēmen (“seed”) + -ārium (“place for”) Head templates: {{la-noun|sēminārium<2>}} sēminārium n (genitive sēmināriī or sēminārī); second declension Inflection templates: {{la-ndecl|sēminārium<2>}} Forms: sēminārium [canonical, neuter], sēmināriī [genitive], sēminārī [genitive], no-table-tags [table-tags], sēminārium [nominative, singular], sēmināria [nominative, plural], sēmināriī [genitive, singular], sēminārī [genitive, singular], sēmināriōrum [genitive, plural], sēmināriō [dative, singular], sēmināriīs [dative, plural], sēminārium [accusative, singular], sēmināria [accusative, plural], sēmināriō [ablative, singular], sēmināriīs [ablative, plural], sēminārium [singular, vocative], sēmināria [plural, vocative]
  1. seminary Tags: declension-2
    Sense id: en-seminarium-la-noun-llPiA71B
  2. breeding ground Tags: declension-2
    Sense id: en-seminarium-la-noun-7IFdMbqj Categories (other): Pages with 4 entries, Pages with entries, Latin entries with incorrect language header, Latin neuter nouns in the second declension, Latin terms suffixed with -arium, Schools Disambiguation of Pages with 4 entries: 38 1 36 1 1 10 6 2 5 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 28 1 44 1 1 11 7 1 6 Disambiguation of Latin entries with incorrect language header: 2 75 13 9 Disambiguation of Latin neuter nouns in the second declension: 16 40 24 20 Disambiguation of Latin terms suffixed with -arium: 5 86 5 5 Disambiguation of Schools: 14 61 12 12
  3. plant nursery; arboretum Tags: declension-2
    Sense id: en-seminarium-la-noun-dIZ9fot9 Categories (other): Horticulture Disambiguation of Horticulture: 6 16 45 32
  4. nursery or daycare for children Tags: declension-2
    Sense id: en-seminarium-la-noun-LMWMM-hz
{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ca",
            "2": "seminari",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Catalan: seminari",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Catalan: seminari"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "da",
            "2": "seminarium",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Danish: seminarium",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Danish: seminarium"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nl",
            "2": "seminarie",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Dutch: seminarie\nAfrikaans: seminarie\n→ Indonesian: seminari",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Dutch: seminarie\nAfrikaans: seminarie\n→ Indonesian: seminari"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nl",
            "2": "seminarium",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Dutch: seminarium",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Dutch: seminarium"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "seminary",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ English: seminary",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ English: seminary"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fr",
            "2": "séminaire",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ French: séminaire\n→ Romanian: seminar\n→ Turkish: seminer",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ French: séminaire\n→ Romanian: seminar\n→ Turkish: seminer"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "de",
            "2": "Seminar",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ German: Seminar",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ German: Seminar (see there for further descendants)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "el",
            "2": "σεμινάριο",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Greek: σεμινάριο (seminário)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Greek: σεμινάριο (seminário)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "hu",
            "2": "szeminárium",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Hungarian: szeminárium",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Hungarian: szeminárium"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "it",
            "2": "seminario",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Italian: seminario",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Italian: seminario"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "mk",
            "2": "семинар",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Macedonian: семинар (seminar)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Macedonian: семинар (seminar)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "no",
            "2": "-",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Norwegian:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Norwegian: seminar"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pl",
            "2": "seminarium",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Polish: seminarium",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Polish: seminarium"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pt",
            "2": "seminario",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Portuguese: seminario",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Portuguese: seminario"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ru",
            "2": "семинария",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Russian: семинария (seminarija)\n→ Kazakh: семинария (seminariä)",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Russian: семинария (seminarija)\n→ Kazakh: семинария (seminariä)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sh",
            "2": "seminar",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Serbo-Croatian: seminar",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Serbo-Croatian: seminar / семинар"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "es",
            "2": "seminario",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Spanish: seminario\n→ Tagalog: seminaryo",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Spanish: seminario\n→ Tagalog: seminaryo"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sv",
            "2": "seminarium",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Swedish: seminarium",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Swedish: seminarium"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "uk",
            "2": "семінар",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Ukrainian: семінар (seminar)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Ukrainian: семінар (seminar)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "sēmen",
        "3": "-ārium",
        "t1": "seed",
        "t2": "place for"
      },
      "expansion": "sēmen (“seed”) + -ārium (“place for”)",
      "name": "affix"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From sēmen (“seed”) + -ārium (“place for”), that is, a place for sowing the seeds of knowledge.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "sēminārium",
      "tags": [
        "canonical",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sēmināriī",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sēminārī",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "la-ndecl",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sēminārium",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sēmināria",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sēmināriī",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sēminārī",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sēmināriōrum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sēmināriō",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sēmināriīs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sēminārium",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sēmināria",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sēmināriō",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sēmināriīs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sēminārium",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sēmināria",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sēminārium<2>"
      },
      "expansion": "sēminārium n (genitive sēmināriī or sēminārī); second declension",
      "name": "la-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sēminārium<2>"
      },
      "name": "la-ndecl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Latin",
  "lang_code": "la",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "seminary"
      ],
      "id": "en-seminarium-la-noun-llPiA71B",
      "links": [
        [
          "seminary",
          "seminary"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-2"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "38 1 36 1 1 10 6 2 5",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 4 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "28 1 44 1 1 11 7 1 6",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "2 75 13 9",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "16 40 24 20",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latin neuter nouns in the second declension",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "5 86 5 5",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latin terms suffixed with -arium",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "14 61 12 12",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "la",
          "name": "Schools",
          "orig": "la:Schools",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "breeding ground"
      ],
      "id": "en-seminarium-la-noun-7IFdMbqj",
      "links": [
        [
          "breeding ground",
          "breeding ground"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-2"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "6 16 45 32",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "la",
          "name": "Horticulture",
          "orig": "la:Horticulture",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "plant nursery; arboretum"
      ],
      "id": "en-seminarium-la-noun-dIZ9fot9",
      "links": [
        [
          "nursery",
          "nursery"
        ],
        [
          "arboretum",
          "arboretum"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-2"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "nursery or daycare for children"
      ],
      "id": "en-seminarium-la-noun-LMWMM-hz",
      "links": [
        [
          "nursery",
          "nursery"
        ],
        [
          "daycare",
          "daycare"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-2"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "seminarium"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
    "Latin lemmas",
    "Latin neuter nouns",
    "Latin neuter nouns in the second declension",
    "Latin nouns",
    "Latin second declension nouns",
    "Latin terms suffixed with -arium",
    "Pages with 4 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "la:Horticulture",
    "la:Schools"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ca",
            "2": "seminari",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Catalan: seminari",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Catalan: seminari"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "da",
            "2": "seminarium",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Danish: seminarium",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Danish: seminarium"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nl",
            "2": "seminarie",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Dutch: seminarie\nAfrikaans: seminarie\n→ Indonesian: seminari",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Dutch: seminarie\nAfrikaans: seminarie\n→ Indonesian: seminari"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nl",
            "2": "seminarium",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Dutch: seminarium",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Dutch: seminarium"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "seminary",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ English: seminary",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ English: seminary"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fr",
            "2": "séminaire",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ French: séminaire\n→ Romanian: seminar\n→ Turkish: seminer",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ French: séminaire\n→ Romanian: seminar\n→ Turkish: seminer"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "de",
            "2": "Seminar",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ German: Seminar",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ German: Seminar (see there for further descendants)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "el",
            "2": "σεμινάριο",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Greek: σεμινάριο (seminário)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Greek: σεμινάριο (seminário)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "hu",
            "2": "szeminárium",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Hungarian: szeminárium",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Hungarian: szeminárium"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "it",
            "2": "seminario",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Italian: seminario",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Italian: seminario"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "mk",
            "2": "семинар",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Macedonian: семинар (seminar)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Macedonian: семинар (seminar)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "no",
            "2": "-",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Norwegian:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Norwegian: seminar"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pl",
            "2": "seminarium",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Polish: seminarium",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Polish: seminarium"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pt",
            "2": "seminario",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Portuguese: seminario",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Portuguese: seminario"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ru",
            "2": "семинария",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Russian: семинария (seminarija)\n→ Kazakh: семинария (seminariä)",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Russian: семинария (seminarija)\n→ Kazakh: семинария (seminariä)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sh",
            "2": "seminar",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Serbo-Croatian: seminar",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Serbo-Croatian: seminar / семинар"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "es",
            "2": "seminario",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Spanish: seminario\n→ Tagalog: seminaryo",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Spanish: seminario\n→ Tagalog: seminaryo"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sv",
            "2": "seminarium",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Swedish: seminarium",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Swedish: seminarium"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "uk",
            "2": "семінар",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Ukrainian: семінар (seminar)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Ukrainian: семінар (seminar)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "sēmen",
        "3": "-ārium",
        "t1": "seed",
        "t2": "place for"
      },
      "expansion": "sēmen (“seed”) + -ārium (“place for”)",
      "name": "affix"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From sēmen (“seed”) + -ārium (“place for”), that is, a place for sowing the seeds of knowledge.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "sēminārium",
      "tags": [
        "canonical",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sēmināriī",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sēminārī",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "la-ndecl",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sēminārium",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sēmināria",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sēmināriī",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sēminārī",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sēmināriōrum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sēmināriō",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sēmināriīs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sēminārium",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sēmināria",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sēmināriō",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sēmināriīs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sēminārium",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sēmināria",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sēminārium<2>"
      },
      "expansion": "sēminārium n (genitive sēmināriī or sēminārī); second declension",
      "name": "la-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sēminārium<2>"
      },
      "name": "la-ndecl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Latin",
  "lang_code": "la",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "seminary"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "seminary",
          "seminary"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-2"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "breeding ground"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "breeding ground",
          "breeding ground"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-2"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "plant nursery; arboretum"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "nursery",
          "nursery"
        ],
        [
          "arboretum",
          "arboretum"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-2"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "nursery or daycare for children"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "nursery",
          "nursery"
        ],
        [
          "daycare",
          "daycare"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-2"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "seminarium"
}

Download raw JSONL data for seminarium meaning in Latin (6.6kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Latin dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-06-10 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-06-01 using wiktextract (58c391d and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.