See robus in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "red"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₁rewdʰ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la"
},
"expansion": "Uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "xum",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Umbrian",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*-ew-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *-ew-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*rouðos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *rouðos",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Uncertain. According to Sihler, the term may be a borrowing from Umbrian, where—unlike Latin—the regular outcome of Proto-Italic *-ew- or *-ow- was ō. De Vaan suggests that the term ultimately derives from Proto-Italic *rouðos, though he suggests that the long ō is probably a dialectal feature.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rōbus",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "rōba",
"links": [
[
"rōba",
"roba"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "rōbum",
"links": [
[
"rōbum",
"robum"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-adecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "rōbus",
"links": [
[
"rōbus",
"robus#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rōba",
"links": [
[
"rōba",
"roba#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rōbum",
"links": [
[
"rōbum",
"robum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rōbī",
"links": [
[
"rōbī",
"robi#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rōbae",
"links": [
[
"rōbae",
"robae#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rōba",
"links": [
[
"rōba",
"roba#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rōbī",
"links": [
[
"rōbī",
"robi#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rōbae",
"links": [
[
"rōbae",
"robae#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rōbī",
"links": [
[
"rōbī",
"robi#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rōbōrum",
"links": [
[
"rōbōrum",
"roborum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rōbārum",
"links": [
[
"rōbārum",
"robarum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rōbōrum",
"links": [
[
"rōbōrum",
"roborum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rōbō",
"links": [
[
"rōbō",
"robo#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rōbae",
"links": [
[
"rōbae",
"robae#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rōbō",
"links": [
[
"rōbō",
"robo#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rōbīs",
"links": [
[
"rōbīs",
"robis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rōbum",
"links": [
[
"rōbum",
"robum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rōbam",
"links": [
[
"rōbam",
"robam#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rōbum",
"links": [
[
"rōbum",
"robum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rōbōs",
"links": [
[
"rōbōs",
"robos#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rōbās",
"links": [
[
"rōbās",
"robas#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rōba",
"links": [
[
"rōba",
"roba#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rōbō",
"links": [
[
"rōbō",
"robo#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rōbā",
"links": [
[
"rōbā",
"roba#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rōbō",
"links": [
[
"rōbō",
"robo#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rōbīs",
"links": [
[
"rōbīs",
"robis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rōbe",
"links": [
[
"rōbe",
"robe#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "rōba",
"links": [
[
"rōba",
"roba#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "rōbum",
"links": [
[
"rōbum",
"robum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "rōbī",
"links": [
[
"rōbī",
"robi#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "rōbae",
"links": [
[
"rōbae",
"robae#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "rōba",
"links": [
[
"rōba",
"roba#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rōbus"
},
"expansion": "rōbus (feminine rōba, neuter rōbum); first/second-declension adjective",
"name": "la-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rōbus"
},
"name": "la-adecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"derived": [
{
"word": "rōbeus"
},
{
"word": "rōbīgō"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "1937 translation by W. D. Hooper and H. B. Ash\nOne who wishes to buy a herd of cattle should be careful to have animals of such an age that they are sound for bearing calves rather than those which have already reached the age of barrenness. They should be well formed, …. The best colour is black, next red, then dun, and then white; for those of the last mentioned colour are most delicate, and those of the first most hardy. Of the other two colours the first is preferable to the second, while both are more common than the black and the white.",
"ref": "116 BCE – 27 BCE, Marcus Terentius Varro, Rerum rusticarum 2.8",
"text": "qui gregem armentorum emere vult, observare debet primum, ut sint eae pecudes aetate potius ad fructos ferendos integrae quam iam expartae; ut sint bene conpositae, … colore potissimum nigro, deinde rōbeō, tertio helvo, quarto albo: mollissimus enim hic, ut durissimus primus. de mediis duobus prior quam posterior in eo prior, utrique plures quam nigri et albi.",
"translation": "1937 translation by W. D. Hooper and H. B. Ash\nOne who wishes to buy a herd of cattle should be careful to have animals of such an age that they are sound for bearing calves rather than those which have already reached the age of barrenness. They should be well formed, …. The best colour is black, next red, then dun, and then white; for those of the last mentioned colour are most delicate, and those of the first most hardy. Of the other two colours the first is preferable to the second, while both are more common than the black and the white.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"english": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"ref": "c. 2nd century, Sextus Pompeius Festus, De Verborum Significatione",
"text": "Robum rubro colore et quasi rufo significari, ut bovem quoque rustici appellant, manifestum est.",
"translation": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"red"
],
"id": "en-robus-la-adj-sfUaUR8d",
"links": [
[
"red",
"red#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(chiefly of cattle) red"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of cattle"
],
"tags": [
"adjective",
"declension-1",
"declension-2"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈroː.bʊs]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈrɔː.bus]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "robus"
}
{
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "red"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₁rewdʰ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la"
},
"expansion": "Uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "xum",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Umbrian",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*-ew-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *-ew-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*rouðos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *rouðos",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Uncertain. According to Sihler, the term may be a borrowing from Umbrian, where—unlike Latin—the regular outcome of Proto-Italic *-ew- or *-ow- was ō. De Vaan suggests that the term ultimately derives from Proto-Italic *rouðos, though he suggests that the long ō is probably a dialectal feature.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rōbus",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "rōbī",
"links": [
[
"rōbī",
"robi"
]
],
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "rōbus",
"links": [
[
"rōbus",
"robus#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rōbī",
"links": [
[
"rōbī",
"robi#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rōbī",
"links": [
[
"rōbī",
"robi#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rōbōrum",
"links": [
[
"rōbōrum",
"roborum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rōbō",
"links": [
[
"rōbō",
"robo#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rōbīs",
"links": [
[
"rōbīs",
"robis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rōbum",
"links": [
[
"rōbum",
"robum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rōbōs",
"links": [
[
"rōbōs",
"robos#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rōbō",
"links": [
[
"rōbō",
"robo#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rōbīs",
"links": [
[
"rōbīs",
"robis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rōbe",
"links": [
[
"rōbe",
"robe#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "rōbī",
"links": [
[
"rōbī",
"robi#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rōbus<2.M>"
},
"expansion": "rōbus m (genitive rōbī); second declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rōbus<2.M>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "21 79",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin masculine nouns in the second declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a kind of wheat"
],
"id": "en-robus-la-noun-3oRo6w-h",
"links": [
[
"wheat",
"wheat"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-2"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈroː.bʊs]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈrɔː.bus]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "robus"
}
{
"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "oak"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "rōbus",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "rōboris",
"links": [
[
"rōboris",
"roboris"
]
],
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "rōbus",
"links": [
[
"rōbus",
"robus#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rōbora",
"links": [
[
"rōbora",
"robora#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rōboris",
"links": [
[
"rōboris",
"roboris#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rōborum",
"links": [
[
"rōborum",
"roborum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rōborī",
"links": [
[
"rōborī",
"robori#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rōboribus",
"links": [
[
"rōboribus",
"roboribus#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rōbus",
"links": [
[
"rōbus",
"robus#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rōbora",
"links": [
[
"rōbora",
"robora#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rōbore",
"links": [
[
"rōbore",
"robore#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rōboribus",
"links": [
[
"rōboribus",
"roboribus#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rōbus",
"links": [
[
"rōbus",
"robus#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "rōbora",
"links": [
[
"rōbora",
"robora#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rōbus/rōbor<3.N>"
},
"expansion": "rōbus n (genitive rōboris); third declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rōbus/rōbor<3.N>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "oak tree; hardness; strength",
"word": "rōbur"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "2 3 95",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 33 59",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin neuter nouns in the third declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 5 95",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 2 98",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"alternative form of rōbur (“oak tree; hardness; strength”)"
],
"id": "en-robus-la-noun-3DqctvtK",
"links": [
[
"rōbur",
"robur#Latin"
],
[
"oak tree",
"oak tree"
],
[
"hardness",
"hardness"
],
[
"strength",
"strength"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) alternative form of rōbur (“oak tree; hardness; strength”)"
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"declension-3",
"rare"
]
}
],
"word": "robus"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 2-syllable words",
"Latin adjectives",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin first and second declension adjectives",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin masculine nouns",
"Latin masculine nouns in the second declension",
"Latin neuter nouns",
"Latin neuter nouns in the third declension",
"Latin nouns",
"Latin second declension nouns",
"Latin terms borrowed from Umbrian",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"Latin terms derived from Umbrian",
"Latin terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₁rewdʰ-",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Latin terms with unknown etymologies",
"Latin third declension nouns",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "rōbeus"
},
{
"word": "rōbīgō"
}
],
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "red"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₁rewdʰ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la"
},
"expansion": "Uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "xum",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Umbrian",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*-ew-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *-ew-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*rouðos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *rouðos",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Uncertain. According to Sihler, the term may be a borrowing from Umbrian, where—unlike Latin—the regular outcome of Proto-Italic *-ew- or *-ow- was ō. De Vaan suggests that the term ultimately derives from Proto-Italic *rouðos, though he suggests that the long ō is probably a dialectal feature.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rōbus",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "rōba",
"links": [
[
"rōba",
"roba"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "rōbum",
"links": [
[
"rōbum",
"robum"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-adecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "rōbus",
"links": [
[
"rōbus",
"robus#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rōba",
"links": [
[
"rōba",
"roba#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rōbum",
"links": [
[
"rōbum",
"robum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rōbī",
"links": [
[
"rōbī",
"robi#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rōbae",
"links": [
[
"rōbae",
"robae#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rōba",
"links": [
[
"rōba",
"roba#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rōbī",
"links": [
[
"rōbī",
"robi#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rōbae",
"links": [
[
"rōbae",
"robae#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rōbī",
"links": [
[
"rōbī",
"robi#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rōbōrum",
"links": [
[
"rōbōrum",
"roborum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rōbārum",
"links": [
[
"rōbārum",
"robarum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rōbōrum",
"links": [
[
"rōbōrum",
"roborum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rōbō",
"links": [
[
"rōbō",
"robo#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rōbae",
"links": [
[
"rōbae",
"robae#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rōbō",
"links": [
[
"rōbō",
"robo#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rōbīs",
"links": [
[
"rōbīs",
"robis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rōbum",
"links": [
[
"rōbum",
"robum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rōbam",
"links": [
[
"rōbam",
"robam#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rōbum",
"links": [
[
"rōbum",
"robum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rōbōs",
"links": [
[
"rōbōs",
"robos#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rōbās",
"links": [
[
"rōbās",
"robas#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rōba",
"links": [
[
"rōba",
"roba#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rōbō",
"links": [
[
"rōbō",
"robo#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rōbā",
"links": [
[
"rōbā",
"roba#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rōbō",
"links": [
[
"rōbō",
"robo#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rōbīs",
"links": [
[
"rōbīs",
"robis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rōbe",
"links": [
[
"rōbe",
"robe#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "rōba",
"links": [
[
"rōba",
"roba#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "rōbum",
"links": [
[
"rōbum",
"robum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "rōbī",
"links": [
[
"rōbī",
"robi#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "rōbae",
"links": [
[
"rōbae",
"robae#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "rōba",
"links": [
[
"rōba",
"roba#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rōbus"
},
"expansion": "rōbus (feminine rōba, neuter rōbum); first/second-declension adjective",
"name": "la-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rōbus"
},
"name": "la-adecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with quotations",
"Requests for translations of Latin quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "1937 translation by W. D. Hooper and H. B. Ash\nOne who wishes to buy a herd of cattle should be careful to have animals of such an age that they are sound for bearing calves rather than those which have already reached the age of barrenness. They should be well formed, …. The best colour is black, next red, then dun, and then white; for those of the last mentioned colour are most delicate, and those of the first most hardy. Of the other two colours the first is preferable to the second, while both are more common than the black and the white.",
"ref": "116 BCE – 27 BCE, Marcus Terentius Varro, Rerum rusticarum 2.8",
"text": "qui gregem armentorum emere vult, observare debet primum, ut sint eae pecudes aetate potius ad fructos ferendos integrae quam iam expartae; ut sint bene conpositae, … colore potissimum nigro, deinde rōbeō, tertio helvo, quarto albo: mollissimus enim hic, ut durissimus primus. de mediis duobus prior quam posterior in eo prior, utrique plures quam nigri et albi.",
"translation": "1937 translation by W. D. Hooper and H. B. Ash\nOne who wishes to buy a herd of cattle should be careful to have animals of such an age that they are sound for bearing calves rather than those which have already reached the age of barrenness. They should be well formed, …. The best colour is black, next red, then dun, and then white; for those of the last mentioned colour are most delicate, and those of the first most hardy. Of the other two colours the first is preferable to the second, while both are more common than the black and the white.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"english": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"ref": "c. 2nd century, Sextus Pompeius Festus, De Verborum Significatione",
"text": "Robum rubro colore et quasi rufo significari, ut bovem quoque rustici appellant, manifestum est.",
"translation": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"red"
],
"links": [
[
"red",
"red#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(chiefly of cattle) red"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of cattle"
],
"tags": [
"adjective",
"declension-1",
"declension-2"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈroː.bʊs]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈrɔː.bus]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "robus"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 2-syllable words",
"Latin adjectives",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin first and second declension adjectives",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin masculine nouns",
"Latin masculine nouns in the second declension",
"Latin neuter nouns",
"Latin neuter nouns in the third declension",
"Latin nouns",
"Latin second declension nouns",
"Latin terms borrowed from Umbrian",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"Latin terms derived from Umbrian",
"Latin terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₁rewdʰ-",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Latin terms with unknown etymologies",
"Latin third declension nouns",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "red"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₁rewdʰ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la"
},
"expansion": "Uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "xum",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Umbrian",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*-ew-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *-ew-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*rouðos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *rouðos",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Uncertain. According to Sihler, the term may be a borrowing from Umbrian, where—unlike Latin—the regular outcome of Proto-Italic *-ew- or *-ow- was ō. De Vaan suggests that the term ultimately derives from Proto-Italic *rouðos, though he suggests that the long ō is probably a dialectal feature.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rōbus",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "rōbī",
"links": [
[
"rōbī",
"robi"
]
],
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "rōbus",
"links": [
[
"rōbus",
"robus#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rōbī",
"links": [
[
"rōbī",
"robi#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rōbī",
"links": [
[
"rōbī",
"robi#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rōbōrum",
"links": [
[
"rōbōrum",
"roborum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rōbō",
"links": [
[
"rōbō",
"robo#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rōbīs",
"links": [
[
"rōbīs",
"robis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rōbum",
"links": [
[
"rōbum",
"robum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rōbōs",
"links": [
[
"rōbōs",
"robos#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rōbō",
"links": [
[
"rōbō",
"robo#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rōbīs",
"links": [
[
"rōbīs",
"robis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rōbe",
"links": [
[
"rōbe",
"robe#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "rōbī",
"links": [
[
"rōbī",
"robi#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rōbus<2.M>"
},
"expansion": "rōbus m (genitive rōbī); second declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rōbus<2.M>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"a kind of wheat"
],
"links": [
[
"wheat",
"wheat"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-2"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈroː.bʊs]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈrɔː.bus]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "robus"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin neuter nouns",
"Latin neuter nouns in the third declension",
"Latin nouns",
"Latin third declension nouns",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "oak"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "rōbus",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "rōboris",
"links": [
[
"rōboris",
"roboris"
]
],
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "rōbus",
"links": [
[
"rōbus",
"robus#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rōbora",
"links": [
[
"rōbora",
"robora#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rōboris",
"links": [
[
"rōboris",
"roboris#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rōborum",
"links": [
[
"rōborum",
"roborum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rōborī",
"links": [
[
"rōborī",
"robori#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rōboribus",
"links": [
[
"rōboribus",
"roboribus#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rōbus",
"links": [
[
"rōbus",
"robus#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rōbora",
"links": [
[
"rōbora",
"robora#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rōbore",
"links": [
[
"rōbore",
"robore#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rōboribus",
"links": [
[
"rōboribus",
"roboribus#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rōbus",
"links": [
[
"rōbus",
"robus#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "rōbora",
"links": [
[
"rōbora",
"robora#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rōbus/rōbor<3.N>"
},
"expansion": "rōbus n (genitive rōboris); third declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rōbus/rōbor<3.N>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "oak tree; hardness; strength",
"word": "rōbur"
}
],
"categories": [
"Latin terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"alternative form of rōbur (“oak tree; hardness; strength”)"
],
"links": [
[
"rōbur",
"robur#Latin"
],
[
"oak tree",
"oak tree"
],
[
"hardness",
"hardness"
],
[
"strength",
"strength"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) alternative form of rōbur (“oak tree; hardness; strength”)"
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"declension-3",
"rare"
]
}
],
"word": "robus"
}
Download raw JSONL data for robus meaning in Latin (15.3kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Latin dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-06-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-06-01 using wiktextract (ade7ec3 and 7f4db16). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.