See refreno in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"word": "refrenar"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "refrain"
},
{
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "refréner"
},
{
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"word": "refrear"
},
{
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"word": "refrenar"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"*wre-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/wre-#Proto-Italic:_again"
],
[
"re-",
"re-#Latin"
],
[
"*dʰer-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/dʰer-"
],
[
"*frēnom",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/frēnom"
],
[
"frēnum",
"frenum#Latin"
],
[
"*-h₂",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-h₂#Proto-Indo-European:_collective_nouns"
],
[
"*-éh₂",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-éh₂#Proto-Indo-European:_collective_nouns"
],
[
"*-yéti",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-yéti#Proto-Indo-European:_intransitive_verbs"
],
[
"*-eh₂yéti",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-eh₂yéti#Proto-Indo-European:_suf"
],
[
"*-h₂ti",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-h₂ti"
],
[
"*-āō",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/-āō#Proto-Italic:_suf"
],
[
"-ō",
"-o#Latin:_denominative"
],
[
"frēnō",
"freno#Latin"
],
[
"re-",
"re-#Latin"
],
[
"frēnō",
"freno#Latin"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": ":af",
"3": "re-",
"4": "frēnō",
"text": "+",
"title": "refrēnō",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Italic *wre-\nLatin re-\nProto-Indo-European *dʰer-der.\nProto-Indo-European *dʰr-eh₁-nom\nProto-Italic *θrēnomder.\nProto-Italic *frēnom\nLatin frēnum\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.\nProto-Italic *-ājō\nProto-Italic *-āō\nLatin -ō\nLatin frēnō\nLatin refrēnō\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"re-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*θrēnom\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*dʰr-eh₁-nom\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*dʰer-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*frēnom\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"frēnum\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"id\" : \"denominative\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"suf\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-ājō\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"suf\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-éh₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"intransitive verbs\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-yéti\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-eh₂yéti\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" }, { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"influ.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Influenced by\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂ti\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"influence\" } ], \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-āō\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ō\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"frēnō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"refrēnō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }\" data-lang=\"la\" data-title=\"refrēnō\">\nFrom re- + frēnō.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Italic *wre-\nLatin re-\nProto-Indo-European *dʰer-der.\nProto-Indo-European *dʰr-eh₁-nom\nProto-Italic *θrēnomder.\nProto-Italic *frēnom\nLatin frēnum\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.\nProto-Italic *-ājō\nProto-Italic *-āō\nLatin -ō\nLatin frēnō\nLatin refrēnō\nFrom re- + frēnō.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "refrēnō",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnāre",
"links": [
[
"refrēnāre",
"refrenare"
]
],
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnāvī",
"links": [
[
"refrēnāvī",
"refrenavi"
]
],
"tags": [
"active",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnātum",
"links": [
[
"refrēnātum",
"refrenatum"
]
],
"tags": [
"supine"
]
},
{
"form": "conjugation-1",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnō",
"links": [
[
"refrēnō",
"refreno#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnās",
"links": [
[
"refrēnās",
"refrenas#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnat",
"links": [
[
"refrēnat",
"refrenat#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnāmus",
"links": [
[
"refrēnāmus",
"refrenamus#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnātis",
"links": [
[
"refrēnātis",
"refrenatis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnant",
"links": [
[
"refrēnant",
"refrenant#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnābam",
"links": [
[
"refrēnābam",
"refrenabam#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnābās",
"links": [
[
"refrēnābās",
"refrenabas#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnābat",
"links": [
[
"refrēnābat",
"refrenabat#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnābāmus",
"links": [
[
"refrēnābāmus",
"refrenabamus#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnābātis",
"links": [
[
"refrēnābātis",
"refrenabatis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnābant",
"links": [
[
"refrēnābant",
"refrenabant#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnābō",
"links": [
[
"refrēnābō",
"refrenabo#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"future",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnābis",
"links": [
[
"refrēnābis",
"refrenabis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"future",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnābit",
"links": [
[
"refrēnābit",
"refrenabit#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"future",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnābimus",
"links": [
[
"refrēnābimus",
"refrenabimus#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"future",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnābitis",
"links": [
[
"refrēnābitis",
"refrenabitis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"future",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnābunt",
"links": [
[
"refrēnābunt",
"refrenabunt#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"future",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnāvī",
"links": [
[
"refrēnāvī",
"refrenavi#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnāvistī",
"links": [
[
"refrēnāvistī",
"refrenavisti#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnāvit",
"links": [
[
"refrēnāvit",
"refrenavit#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnāvimus",
"links": [
[
"refrēnāvimus",
"refrenavimus#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnāvistis",
"links": [
[
"refrēnāvistis",
"refrenavistis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnāvērunt",
"links": [
[
"refrēnāvērunt",
"refrenaverunt#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnāvēre",
"links": [
[
"refrēnāvēre",
"refrenavere#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnāveram",
"links": [
[
"refrēnāveram",
"refrenaveram#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnāverās",
"links": [
[
"refrēnāverās",
"refrenaveras#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnāverat",
"links": [
[
"refrēnāverat",
"refrenaverat#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnāverāmus",
"links": [
[
"refrēnāverāmus",
"refrenaveramus#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnāverātis",
"links": [
[
"refrēnāverātis",
"refrenaveratis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnāverant",
"links": [
[
"refrēnāverant",
"refrenaverant#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnāverō",
"links": [
[
"refrēnāverō",
"refrenavero#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"future",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnāveris",
"links": [
[
"refrēnāveris",
"refrenaveris#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"future",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnāverit",
"links": [
[
"refrēnāverit",
"refrenaverit#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"future",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnāverimus",
"links": [
[
"refrēnāverimus",
"refrenaverimus#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"future",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnāveritis",
"links": [
[
"refrēnāveritis",
"refrenaveritis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"future",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnāverint",
"links": [
[
"refrēnāverint",
"refrenaverint#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"future",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnor",
"links": [
[
"refrēnor",
"refrenor#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"passive",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnāris",
"links": [
[
"refrēnāris",
"refrenaris#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"passive",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnāre",
"links": [
[
"refrēnāre",
"refrenare#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"passive",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnātur",
"links": [
[
"refrēnātur",
"refrenatur#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"passive",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnāmur",
"links": [
[
"refrēnāmur",
"refrenamur#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"passive",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnāminī",
"links": [
[
"refrēnāminī",
"refrenamini#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"passive",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnantur",
"links": [
[
"refrēnantur",
"refrenantur#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"passive",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnābar",
"links": [
[
"refrēnābar",
"refrenabar#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"passive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnābāris",
"links": [
[
"refrēnābāris",
"refrenabaris#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"passive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnābāre",
"links": [
[
"refrēnābāre",
"refrenabare#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"passive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnābātur",
"links": [
[
"refrēnābātur",
"refrenabatur#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"passive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnābāmur",
"links": [
[
"refrēnābāmur",
"refrenabamur#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"passive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnābāminī",
"links": [
[
"refrēnābāminī",
"refrenabamini#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"passive",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnābantur",
"links": [
[
"refrēnābantur",
"refrenabantur#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"passive",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnābor",
"links": [
[
"refrēnābor",
"refrenabor#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"indicative",
"passive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnāberis",
"links": [
[
"refrēnāberis",
"refrenaberis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"passive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnābere",
"links": [
[
"refrēnābere",
"refrenabere#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"passive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnābitur",
"links": [
[
"refrēnābitur",
"refrenabitur#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"passive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnābimur",
"links": [
[
"refrēnābimur",
"refrenabimur#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"indicative",
"passive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnābiminī",
"links": [
[
"refrēnābiminī",
"refrenabimini#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"passive",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnābuntur",
"links": [
[
"refrēnābuntur",
"refrenabuntur#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"passive",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnātus + present active indicative of sum",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"passive",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnātus + imperfect active indicative of sum",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"passive",
"pluperfect"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnātus + future active indicative of sum",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"passive",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnem",
"links": [
[
"refrēnem",
"refrenem#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnēs",
"links": [
[
"refrēnēs",
"refrenes#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnet",
"links": [
[
"refrēnet",
"refrenet#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnēmus",
"links": [
[
"refrēnēmus",
"refrenemus#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnētis",
"links": [
[
"refrēnētis",
"refrenetis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnent",
"links": [
[
"refrēnent",
"refrenent#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnārem",
"links": [
[
"refrēnārem",
"refrenarem#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnārēs",
"links": [
[
"refrēnārēs",
"refrenares#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperfect",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnāret",
"links": [
[
"refrēnāret",
"refrenaret#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnārēmus",
"links": [
[
"refrēnārēmus",
"refrenaremus#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnārētis",
"links": [
[
"refrēnārētis",
"refrenaretis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperfect",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnārent",
"links": [
[
"refrēnārent",
"refrenarent#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnāverim",
"links": [
[
"refrēnāverim",
"refrenaverim#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"perfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnāverīs",
"links": [
[
"refrēnāverīs",
"refrenaveris#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"perfect",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnāverit",
"links": [
[
"refrēnāverit",
"refrenaverit#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"perfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnāverīmus",
"links": [
[
"refrēnāverīmus",
"refrenaverimus#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"perfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnāverītis",
"links": [
[
"refrēnāverītis",
"refrenaveritis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"perfect",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnāverint",
"links": [
[
"refrēnāverint",
"refrenaverint#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"perfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnāvissem",
"links": [
[
"refrēnāvissem",
"refrenavissem#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"pluperfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnāvissēs",
"links": [
[
"refrēnāvissēs",
"refrenavisses#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"pluperfect",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnāvisset",
"links": [
[
"refrēnāvisset",
"refrenavisset#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"pluperfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnāvissēmus",
"links": [
[
"refrēnāvissēmus",
"refrenavissemus#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnāvissētis",
"links": [
[
"refrēnāvissētis",
"refrenavissetis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnāvissent",
"links": [
[
"refrēnāvissent",
"refrenavissent#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēner",
"links": [
[
"refrēner",
"refrener#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"passive",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnēris",
"links": [
[
"refrēnēris",
"refreneris#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnēre",
"links": [
[
"refrēnēre",
"refrenere#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnētur",
"links": [
[
"refrēnētur",
"refrenetur#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnēmur",
"links": [
[
"refrēnēmur",
"refrenemur#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"passive",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnēminī",
"links": [
[
"refrēnēminī",
"refrenemini#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnentur",
"links": [
[
"refrēnentur",
"refrenentur#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnārer",
"links": [
[
"refrēnārer",
"refrenarer#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"passive",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnārēris",
"links": [
[
"refrēnārēris",
"refrenareris#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"passive",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnārēre",
"links": [
[
"refrēnārēre",
"refrenarere#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"passive",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnārētur",
"links": [
[
"refrēnārētur",
"refrenaretur#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"passive",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnārēmur",
"links": [
[
"refrēnārēmur",
"refrenaremur#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"passive",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnārēminī",
"links": [
[
"refrēnārēminī",
"refrenaremini#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"passive",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnārentur",
"links": [
[
"refrēnārentur",
"refrenarentur#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"passive",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnātus + present active subjunctive of sum",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive",
"perfect",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnātus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive",
"pluperfect",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnā",
"links": [
[
"refrēnā",
"refrena#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnāte",
"links": [
[
"refrēnāte",
"refrenate#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperative",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperative",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"future",
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnātō",
"links": [
[
"refrēnātō",
"refrenato#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"future",
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnātō",
"links": [
[
"refrēnātō",
"refrenato#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"future",
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"future",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnātōte",
"links": [
[
"refrēnātōte",
"refrenatote#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"future",
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnantō",
"links": [
[
"refrēnantō",
"refrenanto#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"future",
"imperative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"passive",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnāre",
"links": [
[
"refrēnāre",
"refrenare#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"passive",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"passive",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"passive",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnāminī",
"links": [
[
"refrēnāminī",
"refrenamini#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"passive",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"passive",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"imperative",
"passive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnātor",
"links": [
[
"refrēnātor",
"refrenator#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"imperative",
"passive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnātor",
"links": [
[
"refrēnātor",
"refrenator#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"imperative",
"passive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"imperative",
"passive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"imperative",
"passive",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnantor",
"links": [
[
"refrēnantor",
"refrenantor#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"imperative",
"passive",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnāre",
"links": [
[
"refrēnāre",
"refrenare#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"infinitive",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnārī",
"links": [
[
"refrēnārī",
"refrenari#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"passive",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnāns",
"links": [
[
"refrēnāns",
"refrenans#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"passive",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnātūrum esse",
"links": [
[
"refrēnātūrum",
"refrenaturum#Latin"
],
[
"esse",
"esse#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"future",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnātum īrī",
"links": [
[
"refrēnātum",
"refrenatum#Latin"
],
[
"īrī",
"iri#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"infinitive",
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnātūrus",
"links": [
[
"refrēnātūrus",
"refrenaturus#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"future",
"participle"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnandus",
"links": [
[
"refrēnandus",
"refrenandus#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"participle",
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnāvisse",
"links": [
[
"refrēnāvisse",
"refrenavisse#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"infinitive",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnātum esse",
"links": [
[
"refrēnātum",
"refrenatum#Latin"
],
[
"esse",
"esse#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"passive",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnātus",
"links": [
[
"refrēnātus",
"refrenatus#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"passive",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"future",
"infinitive",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnātum fore",
"links": [
[
"refrēnātum",
"refrenatum#Latin"
],
[
"fore",
"fore#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"infinitive",
"passive",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"future",
"participle",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"participle",
"passive",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnātūrum fuisse",
"links": [
[
"refrēnātūrum",
"refrenaturum#Latin"
],
[
"fuisse",
"fuisse#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"infinitive",
"perfect",
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"passive",
"perfect",
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"perfect",
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"passive",
"perfect",
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnandī",
"links": [
[
"refrēnandī",
"refrenandi#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"gerund",
"noun-from-verb"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnandō",
"links": [
[
"refrēnandō",
"refrenando#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dative",
"gerund",
"noun-from-verb"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnandum",
"links": [
[
"refrēnandum",
"refrenandum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"gerund",
"noun-from-verb"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnandō",
"links": [
[
"refrēnandō",
"refrenando#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"gerund",
"noun-from-verb"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnātum",
"links": [
[
"refrēnātum",
"refrenatum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"noun-from-verb",
"supine"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnātū",
"links": [
[
"refrēnātū",
"refrenatu#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"noun-from-verb",
"supine"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "1+",
"2": "refrēnō"
},
"expansion": "refrēnō (present infinitive refrēnāre, perfect active refrēnāvī, supine refrēnātum); first conjugation",
"name": "la-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "1+",
"2": "refrēnō"
},
"name": "la-conj"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "līberō"
},
{
"word": "eximō"
},
{
"word": "vindicō"
},
{
"word": "servō"
},
{
"word": "absolvō"
},
{
"word": "exonerō"
},
{
"word": "excipiō"
},
{
"word": "ēmittō"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin first conjugation verbs with perfect in -āv-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin terms prefixed with re-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to bridle, check, curb, restrain, refrain (from)"
],
"id": "en-refreno-la-verb--627skjg",
"links": [
[
"bridle",
"bridle"
],
[
"check",
"check"
],
[
"curb",
"curb"
],
[
"restrain",
"restrain"
],
[
"refrain",
"refrain"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "impediō"
},
{
"word": "obstō"
},
{
"word": "moror"
},
{
"word": "arceō"
},
{
"word": "supprimō"
},
{
"word": "cū̆nctor"
},
{
"word": "contineō"
},
{
"word": "cohibeō"
},
{
"word": "dētineō"
},
{
"word": "retineō"
},
{
"word": "intersaepiō"
},
{
"word": "inclūdō"
},
{
"word": "tardō"
},
{
"word": "perimō"
},
{
"word": "officiō"
},
{
"word": "saepiō"
},
{
"word": "premō"
},
{
"word": "reprimō"
}
],
"tags": [
"conjugation-1"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[rɛˈfreː.noː]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[reˈfrɛː.no]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "refreno"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"word": "refrenar"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "refrain"
},
{
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "refréner"
},
{
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"word": "refrear"
},
{
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"word": "refrenar"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"*wre-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/wre-#Proto-Italic:_again"
],
[
"re-",
"re-#Latin"
],
[
"*dʰer-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/dʰer-"
],
[
"*frēnom",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/frēnom"
],
[
"frēnum",
"frenum#Latin"
],
[
"*-h₂",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-h₂#Proto-Indo-European:_collective_nouns"
],
[
"*-éh₂",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-éh₂#Proto-Indo-European:_collective_nouns"
],
[
"*-yéti",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-yéti#Proto-Indo-European:_intransitive_verbs"
],
[
"*-eh₂yéti",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-eh₂yéti#Proto-Indo-European:_suf"
],
[
"*-h₂ti",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-h₂ti"
],
[
"*-āō",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/-āō#Proto-Italic:_suf"
],
[
"-ō",
"-o#Latin:_denominative"
],
[
"frēnō",
"freno#Latin"
],
[
"re-",
"re-#Latin"
],
[
"frēnō",
"freno#Latin"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": ":af",
"3": "re-",
"4": "frēnō",
"text": "+",
"title": "refrēnō",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Italic *wre-\nLatin re-\nProto-Indo-European *dʰer-der.\nProto-Indo-European *dʰr-eh₁-nom\nProto-Italic *θrēnomder.\nProto-Italic *frēnom\nLatin frēnum\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.\nProto-Italic *-ājō\nProto-Italic *-āō\nLatin -ō\nLatin frēnō\nLatin refrēnō\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"re-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*θrēnom\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*dʰr-eh₁-nom\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*dʰer-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*frēnom\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"frēnum\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"id\" : \"denominative\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"suf\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-ājō\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"suf\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-éh₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"intransitive verbs\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-yéti\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-eh₂yéti\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" }, { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"influ.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Influenced by\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂ti\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"influence\" } ], \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-āō\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ō\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"frēnō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"refrēnō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }\" data-lang=\"la\" data-title=\"refrēnō\">\nFrom re- + frēnō.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Italic *wre-\nLatin re-\nProto-Indo-European *dʰer-der.\nProto-Indo-European *dʰr-eh₁-nom\nProto-Italic *θrēnomder.\nProto-Italic *frēnom\nLatin frēnum\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.\nProto-Italic *-ājō\nProto-Italic *-āō\nLatin -ō\nLatin frēnō\nLatin refrēnō\nFrom re- + frēnō.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "refrēnō",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnāre",
"links": [
[
"refrēnāre",
"refrenare"
]
],
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnāvī",
"links": [
[
"refrēnāvī",
"refrenavi"
]
],
"tags": [
"active",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnātum",
"links": [
[
"refrēnātum",
"refrenatum"
]
],
"tags": [
"supine"
]
},
{
"form": "conjugation-1",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnō",
"links": [
[
"refrēnō",
"refreno#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnās",
"links": [
[
"refrēnās",
"refrenas#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnat",
"links": [
[
"refrēnat",
"refrenat#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnāmus",
"links": [
[
"refrēnāmus",
"refrenamus#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnātis",
"links": [
[
"refrēnātis",
"refrenatis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnant",
"links": [
[
"refrēnant",
"refrenant#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnābam",
"links": [
[
"refrēnābam",
"refrenabam#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnābās",
"links": [
[
"refrēnābās",
"refrenabas#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnābat",
"links": [
[
"refrēnābat",
"refrenabat#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnābāmus",
"links": [
[
"refrēnābāmus",
"refrenabamus#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnābātis",
"links": [
[
"refrēnābātis",
"refrenabatis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnābant",
"links": [
[
"refrēnābant",
"refrenabant#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnābō",
"links": [
[
"refrēnābō",
"refrenabo#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"future",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnābis",
"links": [
[
"refrēnābis",
"refrenabis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"future",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnābit",
"links": [
[
"refrēnābit",
"refrenabit#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"future",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnābimus",
"links": [
[
"refrēnābimus",
"refrenabimus#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"future",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnābitis",
"links": [
[
"refrēnābitis",
"refrenabitis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"future",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnābunt",
"links": [
[
"refrēnābunt",
"refrenabunt#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"future",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnāvī",
"links": [
[
"refrēnāvī",
"refrenavi#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnāvistī",
"links": [
[
"refrēnāvistī",
"refrenavisti#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnāvit",
"links": [
[
"refrēnāvit",
"refrenavit#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnāvimus",
"links": [
[
"refrēnāvimus",
"refrenavimus#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnāvistis",
"links": [
[
"refrēnāvistis",
"refrenavistis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnāvērunt",
"links": [
[
"refrēnāvērunt",
"refrenaverunt#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnāvēre",
"links": [
[
"refrēnāvēre",
"refrenavere#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnāveram",
"links": [
[
"refrēnāveram",
"refrenaveram#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnāverās",
"links": [
[
"refrēnāverās",
"refrenaveras#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnāverat",
"links": [
[
"refrēnāverat",
"refrenaverat#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnāverāmus",
"links": [
[
"refrēnāverāmus",
"refrenaveramus#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnāverātis",
"links": [
[
"refrēnāverātis",
"refrenaveratis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnāverant",
"links": [
[
"refrēnāverant",
"refrenaverant#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnāverō",
"links": [
[
"refrēnāverō",
"refrenavero#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"future",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnāveris",
"links": [
[
"refrēnāveris",
"refrenaveris#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"future",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnāverit",
"links": [
[
"refrēnāverit",
"refrenaverit#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"future",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnāverimus",
"links": [
[
"refrēnāverimus",
"refrenaverimus#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"future",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnāveritis",
"links": [
[
"refrēnāveritis",
"refrenaveritis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"future",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnāverint",
"links": [
[
"refrēnāverint",
"refrenaverint#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"future",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnor",
"links": [
[
"refrēnor",
"refrenor#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"passive",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnāris",
"links": [
[
"refrēnāris",
"refrenaris#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"passive",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnāre",
"links": [
[
"refrēnāre",
"refrenare#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"passive",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnātur",
"links": [
[
"refrēnātur",
"refrenatur#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"passive",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnāmur",
"links": [
[
"refrēnāmur",
"refrenamur#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"passive",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnāminī",
"links": [
[
"refrēnāminī",
"refrenamini#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"passive",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnantur",
"links": [
[
"refrēnantur",
"refrenantur#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"passive",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnābar",
"links": [
[
"refrēnābar",
"refrenabar#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"passive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnābāris",
"links": [
[
"refrēnābāris",
"refrenabaris#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"passive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnābāre",
"links": [
[
"refrēnābāre",
"refrenabare#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"passive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnābātur",
"links": [
[
"refrēnābātur",
"refrenabatur#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"passive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnābāmur",
"links": [
[
"refrēnābāmur",
"refrenabamur#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"passive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnābāminī",
"links": [
[
"refrēnābāminī",
"refrenabamini#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"passive",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnābantur",
"links": [
[
"refrēnābantur",
"refrenabantur#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"passive",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnābor",
"links": [
[
"refrēnābor",
"refrenabor#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"indicative",
"passive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnāberis",
"links": [
[
"refrēnāberis",
"refrenaberis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"passive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnābere",
"links": [
[
"refrēnābere",
"refrenabere#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"passive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnābitur",
"links": [
[
"refrēnābitur",
"refrenabitur#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"passive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnābimur",
"links": [
[
"refrēnābimur",
"refrenabimur#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"indicative",
"passive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnābiminī",
"links": [
[
"refrēnābiminī",
"refrenabimini#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"passive",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnābuntur",
"links": [
[
"refrēnābuntur",
"refrenabuntur#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"passive",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnātus + present active indicative of sum",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"passive",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnātus + imperfect active indicative of sum",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"passive",
"pluperfect"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnātus + future active indicative of sum",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"passive",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnem",
"links": [
[
"refrēnem",
"refrenem#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnēs",
"links": [
[
"refrēnēs",
"refrenes#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnet",
"links": [
[
"refrēnet",
"refrenet#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnēmus",
"links": [
[
"refrēnēmus",
"refrenemus#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnētis",
"links": [
[
"refrēnētis",
"refrenetis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnent",
"links": [
[
"refrēnent",
"refrenent#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnārem",
"links": [
[
"refrēnārem",
"refrenarem#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnārēs",
"links": [
[
"refrēnārēs",
"refrenares#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperfect",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnāret",
"links": [
[
"refrēnāret",
"refrenaret#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnārēmus",
"links": [
[
"refrēnārēmus",
"refrenaremus#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnārētis",
"links": [
[
"refrēnārētis",
"refrenaretis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperfect",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnārent",
"links": [
[
"refrēnārent",
"refrenarent#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnāverim",
"links": [
[
"refrēnāverim",
"refrenaverim#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"perfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnāverīs",
"links": [
[
"refrēnāverīs",
"refrenaveris#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"perfect",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnāverit",
"links": [
[
"refrēnāverit",
"refrenaverit#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"perfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnāverīmus",
"links": [
[
"refrēnāverīmus",
"refrenaverimus#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"perfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnāverītis",
"links": [
[
"refrēnāverītis",
"refrenaveritis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"perfect",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnāverint",
"links": [
[
"refrēnāverint",
"refrenaverint#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"perfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnāvissem",
"links": [
[
"refrēnāvissem",
"refrenavissem#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"pluperfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnāvissēs",
"links": [
[
"refrēnāvissēs",
"refrenavisses#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"pluperfect",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnāvisset",
"links": [
[
"refrēnāvisset",
"refrenavisset#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"pluperfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnāvissēmus",
"links": [
[
"refrēnāvissēmus",
"refrenavissemus#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnāvissētis",
"links": [
[
"refrēnāvissētis",
"refrenavissetis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnāvissent",
"links": [
[
"refrēnāvissent",
"refrenavissent#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēner",
"links": [
[
"refrēner",
"refrener#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"passive",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnēris",
"links": [
[
"refrēnēris",
"refreneris#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnēre",
"links": [
[
"refrēnēre",
"refrenere#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnētur",
"links": [
[
"refrēnētur",
"refrenetur#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnēmur",
"links": [
[
"refrēnēmur",
"refrenemur#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"passive",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnēminī",
"links": [
[
"refrēnēminī",
"refrenemini#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnentur",
"links": [
[
"refrēnentur",
"refrenentur#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnārer",
"links": [
[
"refrēnārer",
"refrenarer#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"passive",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnārēris",
"links": [
[
"refrēnārēris",
"refrenareris#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"passive",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnārēre",
"links": [
[
"refrēnārēre",
"refrenarere#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"passive",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnārētur",
"links": [
[
"refrēnārētur",
"refrenaretur#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"passive",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnārēmur",
"links": [
[
"refrēnārēmur",
"refrenaremur#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"passive",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnārēminī",
"links": [
[
"refrēnārēminī",
"refrenaremini#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"passive",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnārentur",
"links": [
[
"refrēnārentur",
"refrenarentur#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"passive",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnātus + present active subjunctive of sum",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive",
"perfect",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnātus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive",
"pluperfect",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnā",
"links": [
[
"refrēnā",
"refrena#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnāte",
"links": [
[
"refrēnāte",
"refrenate#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperative",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperative",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"future",
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnātō",
"links": [
[
"refrēnātō",
"refrenato#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"future",
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnātō",
"links": [
[
"refrēnātō",
"refrenato#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"future",
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"future",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnātōte",
"links": [
[
"refrēnātōte",
"refrenatote#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"future",
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnantō",
"links": [
[
"refrēnantō",
"refrenanto#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"future",
"imperative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"passive",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnāre",
"links": [
[
"refrēnāre",
"refrenare#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"passive",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"passive",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"passive",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnāminī",
"links": [
[
"refrēnāminī",
"refrenamini#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"passive",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"passive",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"imperative",
"passive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnātor",
"links": [
[
"refrēnātor",
"refrenator#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"imperative",
"passive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnātor",
"links": [
[
"refrēnātor",
"refrenator#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"imperative",
"passive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"imperative",
"passive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"imperative",
"passive",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnantor",
"links": [
[
"refrēnantor",
"refrenantor#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"imperative",
"passive",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnāre",
"links": [
[
"refrēnāre",
"refrenare#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"infinitive",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnārī",
"links": [
[
"refrēnārī",
"refrenari#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"passive",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnāns",
"links": [
[
"refrēnāns",
"refrenans#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"passive",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnātūrum esse",
"links": [
[
"refrēnātūrum",
"refrenaturum#Latin"
],
[
"esse",
"esse#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"future",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnātum īrī",
"links": [
[
"refrēnātum",
"refrenatum#Latin"
],
[
"īrī",
"iri#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"infinitive",
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnātūrus",
"links": [
[
"refrēnātūrus",
"refrenaturus#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"future",
"participle"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnandus",
"links": [
[
"refrēnandus",
"refrenandus#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"participle",
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnāvisse",
"links": [
[
"refrēnāvisse",
"refrenavisse#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"infinitive",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnātum esse",
"links": [
[
"refrēnātum",
"refrenatum#Latin"
],
[
"esse",
"esse#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"passive",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnātus",
"links": [
[
"refrēnātus",
"refrenatus#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"passive",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"future",
"infinitive",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnātum fore",
"links": [
[
"refrēnātum",
"refrenatum#Latin"
],
[
"fore",
"fore#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"infinitive",
"passive",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"future",
"participle",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"participle",
"passive",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnātūrum fuisse",
"links": [
[
"refrēnātūrum",
"refrenaturum#Latin"
],
[
"fuisse",
"fuisse#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"infinitive",
"perfect",
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"passive",
"perfect",
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"perfect",
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"passive",
"perfect",
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnandī",
"links": [
[
"refrēnandī",
"refrenandi#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"gerund",
"noun-from-verb"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnandō",
"links": [
[
"refrēnandō",
"refrenando#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dative",
"gerund",
"noun-from-verb"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnandum",
"links": [
[
"refrēnandum",
"refrenandum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"gerund",
"noun-from-verb"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnandō",
"links": [
[
"refrēnandō",
"refrenando#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"gerund",
"noun-from-verb"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnātum",
"links": [
[
"refrēnātum",
"refrenatum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"noun-from-verb",
"supine"
]
},
{
"form": "refrēnātū",
"links": [
[
"refrēnātū",
"refrenatu#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"noun-from-verb",
"supine"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "1+",
"2": "refrēnō"
},
"expansion": "refrēnō (present infinitive refrēnāre, perfect active refrēnāvī, supine refrēnātum); first conjugation",
"name": "la-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "1+",
"2": "refrēnō"
},
"name": "la-conj"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "līberō"
},
{
"word": "eximō"
},
{
"word": "vindicō"
},
{
"word": "servō"
},
{
"word": "absolvō"
},
{
"word": "exonerō"
},
{
"word": "excipiō"
},
{
"word": "ēmittō"
}
],
"categories": [
"Latin 3-syllable words",
"Latin entries with etymology texts",
"Latin entries with etymology trees",
"Latin entries with etymon",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin first conjugation verbs",
"Latin first conjugation verbs with perfect in -āv-",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *dʰer-",
"Latin terms prefixed with re-",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Latin verbs",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon"
],
"glosses": [
"to bridle, check, curb, restrain, refrain (from)"
],
"links": [
[
"bridle",
"bridle"
],
[
"check",
"check"
],
[
"curb",
"curb"
],
[
"restrain",
"restrain"
],
[
"refrain",
"refrain"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "impediō"
},
{
"word": "obstō"
},
{
"word": "moror"
},
{
"word": "arceō"
},
{
"word": "supprimō"
},
{
"word": "cū̆nctor"
},
{
"word": "contineō"
},
{
"word": "cohibeō"
},
{
"word": "dētineō"
},
{
"word": "retineō"
},
{
"word": "intersaepiō"
},
{
"word": "inclūdō"
},
{
"word": "tardō"
},
{
"word": "perimō"
},
{
"word": "officiō"
},
{
"word": "saepiō"
},
{
"word": "premō"
},
{
"word": "reprimō"
}
],
"tags": [
"conjugation-1"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[rɛˈfreː.noː]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[reˈfrɛː.no]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "refreno"
}
Download raw JSONL data for refreno meaning in Latin (32.1kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Latin dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (1a05e46 and e3d6d4e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.