See pro in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
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"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
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"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*per-",
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{
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"3": "*pró",
"t": "toward"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *pró (“toward”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Italic *prō, from an innovative instrumental singular *próh₁ derived from Proto-Indo-European *pró (“toward”).\nUse with accusative nouns is originally by analogy to ante, amplified in Late Latin due to the merger of other cases with the accusative.",
"forms": [
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"form": "ꝓ",
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"abbreviation"
]
}
],
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"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "interjection"
},
"expansion": "pro",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "intj",
"senses": [
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "pro dolor"
},
{
"word": "pro pudor"
}
],
"glosses": [
"oh! alas!"
],
"id": "en-pro-la-intj-2bDz9zY7",
"links": [
[
"oh",
"oh"
],
[
"alas",
"alas"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈproː]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈprɔː]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "pro"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "custom for law",
"tags": [
"literally"
],
"translation": "custom for law",
"word": "mōs prō lēge"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "part for the whole",
"tags": [
"literally"
],
"translation": "part for the whole",
"word": "pars prō tōtō"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "prō bonō publicō"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "prō Deō"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "for (the sake of) form",
"tags": [
"literally"
],
"translation": "for (the sake of) form",
"word": "prō fōrmā"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "prō rata"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "prō salūte Imperātōris"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "prō tantō"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "prōnus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "prope"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "prōtinus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "quid prō quō"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "once and for all",
"translation": "once and for all",
"word": "semel prō semper"
}
],
"descendants": [
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"lang": "Late Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"word": "pōr"
},
{
"lang": "Sardinian",
"lang_code": "sc",
"word": "pro"
},
{
"lang": "Sardinian",
"lang_code": "sc",
"word": "po"
}
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"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*per-",
"id": "before"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*prō"
},
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{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*pró",
"t": "toward"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *pró (“toward”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Italic *prō, from an innovative instrumental singular *próh₁ derived from Proto-Indo-European *pró (“toward”).\nUse with accusative nouns is originally by analogy to ante, amplified in Late Latin due to the merger of other cases with the accusative.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "prō",
"tags": [
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]
},
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"form": "ꝓ",
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]
}
],
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"args": {
"1": "prō",
"2": "ablative",
"3": "accusative"
},
"expansion": "prō (+ ablative, accusative)",
"name": "la-prep"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "prep",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"for"
],
"id": "en-pro-la-prep-EMIrz0x2",
"links": [
[
"for",
"for"
]
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"with-ablative"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
39,
42
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
51,
63
]
],
"english": "Gavius […]monius Cetius places me here [as] a gift on behalf of [his] son.",
"ref": "6th century BCE, Tibur pedestal inscription (CIL I² 2658):",
"roman": "HOIMEDMITATKAVIOS[…]MONIOSQETIOSD[O]NOMPROFILEOD",
"text": "𐌇𐌏𐌉𐌌𐌄𐌃𐌌𐌉𐌕𐌀𐌕𐌊𐌀𐌖𐌉𐌏𐌔[…]𐌌𐌏𐌍𐌉𐌏𐌔𐌒𐌄𐌕𐌉𐌏𐌔𐌃[𐌏]𐌍𐌏𐌌𐌐𐌓𐌏𐌅𐌉𐌋𐌄𐌏𐌃",
"translation": "Gavius […]monius Cetius places me here [as] a gift on behalf of [his] son.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"on behalf of, in the interest of, for the sake of"
],
"id": "en-pro-la-prep-W-ducOR6",
"links": [
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"behalf"
],
[
"interest",
"interest"
],
[
"sake",
"sake"
]
],
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"accusative",
"with-ablative"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"before, in front of"
],
"id": "en-pro-la-prep-7jZ-SflZ",
"links": [
[
"before",
"before"
],
[
"in front of",
"in front of"
]
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"with-ablative"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"instead of"
],
"id": "en-pro-la-prep-osi8Wo5T",
"links": [
[
"instead",
"instead"
]
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"with-ablative"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"about"
],
"id": "en-pro-la-prep-pCYuHJvL",
"links": [
[
"about",
"about"
]
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"with-ablative"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "1 9 10 14 9 9 23 9 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin ablative prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 8 9 12 8 8 30 8 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin accusative prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 9 10 14 9 9 23 9 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"according to"
],
"id": "en-pro-la-prep-KWGm0cjc",
"links": [
[
"according",
"according"
]
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"with-ablative"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "This was like an alarm",
"ref": "27 BCE – 25 BCE, Titus Livius, Ab Urbe Condita I.14",
"text": "pro nuntio fuit",
"translation": "This was like an alarm"
}
],
"glosses": [
"as, like"
],
"id": "en-pro-la-prep-WUQhEusc",
"links": [
[
"as",
"as"
],
[
"like",
"like"
]
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"with-ablative"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "7 0 6 11 0 0 32 0 45",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"as befitting"
],
"id": "en-pro-la-prep-MDfUwj3c",
"links": [
[
"as",
"as"
],
[
"befitting",
"befitting"
]
],
"tags": [
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"with-ablative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈproː]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈprɔː]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "pro"
}
{
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"Latin ablative prepositions",
"Latin accusative prepositions",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin interjections",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin prepositions",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"Latin terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *per- (before)",
"Latin terms inherited from Proto-Italic",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 24 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "pro dolor"
},
{
"word": "pro pudor"
}
],
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"1": "la",
"id": "for"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
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"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*per-",
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"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
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"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*prō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *prō",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*pró",
"t": "toward"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *pró (“toward”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Italic *prō, from an innovative instrumental singular *próh₁ derived from Proto-Indo-European *pró (“toward”).\nUse with accusative nouns is originally by analogy to ante, amplified in Late Latin due to the merger of other cases with the accusative.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ꝓ",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Medieval-Latin",
"abbreviation"
]
}
],
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{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "interjection"
},
"expansion": "pro",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "intj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"oh! alas!"
],
"links": [
[
"oh",
"oh"
],
[
"alas",
"alas"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈproː]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈprɔː]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "pro"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 1-syllable words",
"Latin ablative prepositions",
"Latin accusative prepositions",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin interjections",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin prepositions",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"Latin terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *per- (before)",
"Latin terms inherited from Proto-Italic",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 24 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "custom for law",
"tags": [
"literally"
],
"translation": "custom for law",
"word": "mōs prō lēge"
},
{
"english": "part for the whole",
"tags": [
"literally"
],
"translation": "part for the whole",
"word": "pars prō tōtō"
},
{
"word": "prō bonō publicō"
},
{
"word": "prō Deō"
},
{
"english": "for (the sake of) form",
"tags": [
"literally"
],
"translation": "for (the sake of) form",
"word": "prō fōrmā"
},
{
"word": "prō rata"
},
{
"word": "prō salūte Imperātōris"
},
{
"word": "prō tantō"
},
{
"word": "prōnus"
},
{
"word": "prope"
},
{
"word": "prōtinus"
},
{
"word": "quid prō quō"
},
{
"english": "once and for all",
"translation": "once and for all",
"word": "semel prō semper"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Late Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"word": "pōr"
},
{
"lang": "Sardinian",
"lang_code": "sc",
"word": "pro"
},
{
"lang": "Sardinian",
"lang_code": "sc",
"word": "po"
}
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},
"expansion": "",
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"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*per-",
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},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
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"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*prō"
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"name": "inh"
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"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*pró",
"t": "toward"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *pró (“toward”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Italic *prō, from an innovative instrumental singular *próh₁ derived from Proto-Indo-European *pró (“toward”).\nUse with accusative nouns is originally by analogy to ante, amplified in Late Latin due to the merger of other cases with the accusative.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "prō",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "ꝓ",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Medieval-Latin",
"abbreviation"
]
}
],
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"1": "prō",
"2": "ablative",
"3": "accusative"
},
"expansion": "prō (+ ablative, accusative)",
"name": "la-prep"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "prep",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"for"
],
"links": [
[
"for",
"for"
]
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"with-ablative"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
39,
42
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
51,
63
]
],
"english": "Gavius […]monius Cetius places me here [as] a gift on behalf of [his] son.",
"ref": "6th century BCE, Tibur pedestal inscription (CIL I² 2658):",
"roman": "HOIMEDMITATKAVIOS[…]MONIOSQETIOSD[O]NOMPROFILEOD",
"text": "𐌇𐌏𐌉𐌌𐌄𐌃𐌌𐌉𐌕𐌀𐌕𐌊𐌀𐌖𐌉𐌏𐌔[…]𐌌𐌏𐌍𐌉𐌏𐌔𐌒𐌄𐌕𐌉𐌏𐌔𐌃[𐌏]𐌍𐌏𐌌𐌐𐌓𐌏𐌅𐌉𐌋𐌄𐌏𐌃",
"translation": "Gavius […]monius Cetius places me here [as] a gift on behalf of [his] son.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"on behalf of, in the interest of, for the sake of"
],
"links": [
[
"behalf",
"behalf"
],
[
"interest",
"interest"
],
[
"sake",
"sake"
]
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"with-ablative"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"before, in front of"
],
"links": [
[
"before",
"before"
],
[
"in front of",
"in front of"
]
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"with-ablative"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"instead of"
],
"links": [
[
"instead",
"instead"
]
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"with-ablative"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"about"
],
"links": [
[
"about",
"about"
]
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"with-ablative"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"according to"
],
"links": [
[
"according",
"according"
]
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"with-ablative"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "This was like an alarm",
"ref": "27 BCE – 25 BCE, Titus Livius, Ab Urbe Condita I.14",
"text": "pro nuntio fuit",
"translation": "This was like an alarm"
}
],
"glosses": [
"as, like"
],
"links": [
[
"as",
"as"
],
[
"like",
"like"
]
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"with-ablative"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"as befitting"
],
"links": [
[
"as",
"as"
],
[
"befitting",
"befitting"
]
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"with-ablative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈproː]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈprɔː]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "pro"
}
Download raw JSONL data for pro meaning in Latin (6.1kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Latin dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-11-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-11-01 using wiktextract (2c28785 and a050b89). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.