See luxus in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*lewg-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*luksos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *luksos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*lug-sό-s"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *lug-sό-s",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "रुग्ण",
"3": "rugṇá",
"t": "bent, broken"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit rugṇá (“bent, broken”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "λύγος",
"t": "twig, withe"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek λύγος (lúgos, “twig, withe”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "lugnas"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian lugnas",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "lykna",
"t": "to bend, close"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse lykna (“to bend, close”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Perhaps from Proto-Italic *luksos, from Proto-Indo-European *lug-sό-s, from Proto-Indo-European *léwg-os ~ *léwg-es-os (“bend, twist”), from *lewg- (“to bend”), whence also luctor (“to wrestle”). If this theory is accepted, then the term is cognate with Sanskrit rugṇá (“bent, broken”), Ancient Greek λύγος (lúgos, “twig, withe”), Lithuanian lugnas, and Old Norse lykna (“to bend, close”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "lū̆xus",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "lū̆xa",
"links": [
[
"lū̆xa",
"luxa"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "lū̆xum",
"links": [
[
"lū̆xum",
"luxum"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-adecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "lū̆xus",
"links": [
[
"lū̆xus",
"luxus#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lū̆xa",
"links": [
[
"lū̆xa",
"luxa#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lū̆xum",
"links": [
[
"lū̆xum",
"luxum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lū̆xī",
"links": [
[
"lū̆xī",
"luxi#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lū̆xae",
"links": [
[
"lū̆xae",
"luxae#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lū̆xa",
"links": [
[
"lū̆xa",
"luxa#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lū̆xī",
"links": [
[
"lū̆xī",
"luxi#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lū̆xae",
"links": [
[
"lū̆xae",
"luxae#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lū̆xī",
"links": [
[
"lū̆xī",
"luxi#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lū̆xōrum",
"links": [
[
"lū̆xōrum",
"luxorum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lū̆xārum",
"links": [
[
"lū̆xārum",
"luxarum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lū̆xōrum",
"links": [
[
"lū̆xōrum",
"luxorum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lū̆xō",
"links": [
[
"lū̆xō",
"luxo#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lū̆xae",
"links": [
[
"lū̆xae",
"luxae#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lū̆xō",
"links": [
[
"lū̆xō",
"luxo#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lū̆xīs",
"links": [
[
"lū̆xīs",
"luxis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lū̆xum",
"links": [
[
"lū̆xum",
"luxum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lū̆xam",
"links": [
[
"lū̆xam",
"luxam#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lū̆xum",
"links": [
[
"lū̆xum",
"luxum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lū̆xōs",
"links": [
[
"lū̆xōs",
"luxos#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lū̆xās",
"links": [
[
"lū̆xās",
"luxas#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lū̆xa",
"links": [
[
"lū̆xa",
"luxa#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lū̆xō",
"links": [
[
"lū̆xō",
"luxo#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lū̆xā",
"links": [
[
"lū̆xā",
"luxa#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lū̆xō",
"links": [
[
"lū̆xō",
"luxo#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lū̆xīs",
"links": [
[
"lū̆xīs",
"luxis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lū̆xe",
"links": [
[
"lū̆xe",
"luxe#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "lū̆xa",
"links": [
[
"lū̆xa",
"luxa#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "lū̆xum",
"links": [
[
"lū̆xum",
"luxum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "lū̆xī",
"links": [
[
"lū̆xī",
"luxi#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "lū̆xae",
"links": [
[
"lū̆xae",
"luxae#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "lū̆xa",
"links": [
[
"lū̆xa",
"luxa#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lū̆xus"
},
"expansion": "lū̆xus (feminine lū̆xa, neuter lū̆xum); first/second-declension adjective",
"name": "la-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lū̆xus"
},
"name": "la-adecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "lū̆xō"
}
],
"glosses": [
"dislocated"
],
"id": "en-luxus-la-adj-fZAEdryx",
"links": [
[
"dislocated",
"dislocated"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "lū̆xātus"
}
],
"tags": [
"adjective",
"declension-1",
"declension-2"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈɫuːk.sʊs]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈɫʊk.sʊs]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈluk.sus]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "luxus"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "lū̆xor"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "lū̆xuria"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": " lū̆xuriēs"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Sardinian",
"lang_code": "sc",
"word": "luscu"
}
],
"lang": "Insular Romance",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"word": "lusso"
},
{
"lang": "Sicilian",
"lang_code": "scn",
"word": "lussu"
}
],
"lang": "Italo-Romance",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Piedmontese",
"lang_code": "pms",
"word": "luss"
},
{
"lang": "Piedmontese",
"lang_code": "pms",
"raw_tags": [
"or from Italian"
],
"word": "lusso"
}
],
"lang": "Gallo-Italic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"word": "luxo"
},
{
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"word": "luxo"
}
],
"lang": "Old Galician-Portuguese",
"lang_code": "roa-opt",
"word": "luxo"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Tagalog",
"lang_code": "tl",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "luho"
}
],
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"word": "lujo"
}
],
"lang": "Old Spanish",
"lang_code": "osp",
"word": "luxo"
}
],
"lang": "Ibero-Romance",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"lang": "Alemannic German",
"lang_code": "gsw",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "Luxus"
},
{
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "luxe"
},
{
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "luxus"
},
{
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "luksus"
},
{
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "luksus"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "luxe"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "luxe"
},
{
"lang": "Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "luks",
"word": "لوکس"
},
{
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "lux"
},
{
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "lyx"
},
{
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "lüks"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "luxe"
},
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "Luxus"
},
{
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "luxus"
},
{
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "lúxus"
},
{
"lang": "Luxembourgish",
"lang_code": "lb",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "Luxus"
},
{
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "luksuz",
"word": "луксуз"
},
{
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "luksus"
},
{
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "luksus"
},
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "luksus"
},
{
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "ljuks",
"word": "люкс"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Cyrillic script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "луксуз"
},
{
"lang": "Cyrillic script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "луксус"
},
{
"lang": "Latin script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "luksuz"
},
{
"lang": "Latin script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "luksus"
}
],
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
}
],
"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*lewg-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "Disputed"
},
"expansion": "Disputed",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*dluk-s-u-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dluk-s-u-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "γλεῦκος",
"t": "sweet wine"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek γλεῦκος (gleûkos, “sweet wine”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "dolce vita"
},
"expansion": "Italian dolce vita",
"name": "ncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Disputed.\n*The rare sense 'dislocation' is presumably an abstract u-stem noun (see -tus) formed on the same stem as the adjective luxus (see above).\n*The more common sense 'luxury, extravagance' may be a metaphorical extension from \"bending\" to \"lack of restraint\". Alternatively, it may have a separate etymology from Proto-Indo-European *dluk-s-u-, a u-stem adjective built to *dluk-s-ό (“sweet”), itself perhaps from *dléwk-es- (“sweetness”), whence perhaps Ancient Greek γλεῦκος (gleûkos, “sweet wine”). However, the etymology of the Greek term is highly contentious, and it may derive from a non-IE substrate. For a semantic association between \"sweetness\" and \"luxury,\" compare Italian dolce vita.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "lū̆xus",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "lū̆xūs",
"links": [
[
"lū̆xūs",
"luxus"
]
],
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "lū̆xus",
"links": [
[
"lū̆xus",
"luxus#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lū̆xūs",
"links": [
[
"lū̆xūs",
"luxus#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lū̆xūs",
"links": [
[
"lū̆xūs",
"luxus#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lū̆xuum",
"links": [
[
"lū̆xuum",
"luxuum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lū̆xuī",
"links": [
[
"lū̆xuī",
"luxui#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lū̆xibus",
"links": [
[
"lū̆xibus",
"luxibus#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lū̆xum",
"links": [
[
"lū̆xum",
"luxum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lū̆xūs",
"links": [
[
"lū̆xūs",
"luxus#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lū̆xū",
"links": [
[
"lū̆xū",
"luxu#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lū̆xibus",
"links": [
[
"lū̆xibus",
"luxibus#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lū̆xus",
"links": [
[
"lū̆xus",
"luxus#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "lū̆xūs",
"links": [
[
"lū̆xūs",
"luxus#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lū̆xus<4>"
},
"expansion": "lū̆xus m (genitive lū̆xūs); fourth declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lū̆xus<4>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "As soon as he grew to adulthood, endowed with strength and handsome appearance but above all vigorous in his intelligence, he did not give himself to being spoilt by either extravagance or idleness but rather, as was the custom of his nation, he rode on horseback, threw javelins, contended in races with his equals, and although he went before all in glory, he was dear to all; besides this, he gave much time to hunting and he was the first or among the first to strike the lion or other wild beasts; he did very much but spoke very little of himself.",
"ref": "c. 40 BCE, Gaius Sallustius Crispus, Bellum Jugurthinum 6.1",
"text": "Qui ubi primum adolevit, pollens viribus, decora facie, sed multo maxume ingenio validus, non se luxu neque inertiae corrumpendum dedit, sed, uti mos gentis illius est, equitare, iaculari, cursu cum aequalibus certare, et quom omnis gloria anteiret, omnibus tamen carus esse; ad hoc pleraque tempora in venando agere, leonem atque alias feras primus aut in primis ferire; plurumum facere et minumum ipse de se loqui.",
"translation": "As soon as he grew to adulthood, endowed with strength and handsome appearance but above all vigorous in his intelligence, he did not give himself to being spoilt by either extravagance or idleness but rather, as was the custom of his nation, he rode on horseback, threw javelins, contended in races with his equals, and although he went before all in glory, he was dear to all; besides this, he gave much time to hunting and he was the first or among the first to strike the lion or other wild beasts; he did very much but spoke very little of himself.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"extravagance, luxury, excess, debauchery"
],
"id": "en-luxus-la-noun-zmzxlenl",
"links": [
[
"extravagance",
"extravagance"
],
[
"luxury",
"luxury"
],
[
"excess",
"excess"
],
[
"debauchery",
"debauchery"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-4"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"pomp, splendor"
],
"id": "en-luxus-la-noun-vwRDvz~h",
"links": [
[
"pomp",
"pomp"
],
[
"splendor",
"splendor"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-4"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "26 10 23 42",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 17 24 42",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin masculine nouns in the fourth declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"ref": "234 BCE – 149 BCE, Marcus Porcius Cato, De agri cultura 160 (Ambiguous; could instead be a form of the synonymous second-declension noun luxum, luxī n)",
"text": "Ferrum insuper iactato. Ubi coierint et altera alteram tetigerint, id manu prehende et dextera sinistra praecide; ad luxum aut ad fracturam alliga: sanum fiet.",
"translation": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"english": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"ref": "c. 125 CE – 180 CE, Apuleius, Florida 16.70",
"text": "Nam, ut meministis profecto, cum impedita esset imbri recitatio, in propinquum diem vobis volentibus protuli, et quidem Philemonis exemplo paenissime; quippe eodem die in palaestra adeo vehementer talum inverti, ut minimum afuerim, quin articulum etiam a crure defringerem. Tamen articulus loco concessit exque eo luxu adhuc fluxus est.",
"translation": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a dislocation"
],
"id": "en-luxus-la-noun-o5oEEvCa",
"links": [
[
"dislocation",
"dislocation"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) a dislocation"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "lū̆xum"
},
{
"word": "lū̆xātūra"
},
{
"word": "lū̆xātiō"
}
],
"tags": [
"declension-4",
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈɫuːk.sʊs]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈɫʊk.sʊs]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈluk.sus]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "luxus"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 2-syllable words",
"Latin adjectives",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin first and second declension adjectives",
"Latin fourth declension nouns",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin masculine nouns",
"Latin masculine nouns in the fourth declension",
"Latin nouns",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"Latin terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *lewg-",
"Latin terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms inherited from Proto-Italic",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Latin terms with unknown etymologies",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "lū̆xō"
}
],
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*lewg-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*luksos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *luksos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*lug-sό-s"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *lug-sό-s",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "रुग्ण",
"3": "rugṇá",
"t": "bent, broken"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit rugṇá (“bent, broken”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "λύγος",
"t": "twig, withe"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek λύγος (lúgos, “twig, withe”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "lugnas"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian lugnas",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "lykna",
"t": "to bend, close"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse lykna (“to bend, close”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Perhaps from Proto-Italic *luksos, from Proto-Indo-European *lug-sό-s, from Proto-Indo-European *léwg-os ~ *léwg-es-os (“bend, twist”), from *lewg- (“to bend”), whence also luctor (“to wrestle”). If this theory is accepted, then the term is cognate with Sanskrit rugṇá (“bent, broken”), Ancient Greek λύγος (lúgos, “twig, withe”), Lithuanian lugnas, and Old Norse lykna (“to bend, close”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "lū̆xus",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "lū̆xa",
"links": [
[
"lū̆xa",
"luxa"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "lū̆xum",
"links": [
[
"lū̆xum",
"luxum"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-adecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "lū̆xus",
"links": [
[
"lū̆xus",
"luxus#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lū̆xa",
"links": [
[
"lū̆xa",
"luxa#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lū̆xum",
"links": [
[
"lū̆xum",
"luxum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lū̆xī",
"links": [
[
"lū̆xī",
"luxi#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lū̆xae",
"links": [
[
"lū̆xae",
"luxae#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lū̆xa",
"links": [
[
"lū̆xa",
"luxa#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lū̆xī",
"links": [
[
"lū̆xī",
"luxi#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lū̆xae",
"links": [
[
"lū̆xae",
"luxae#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lū̆xī",
"links": [
[
"lū̆xī",
"luxi#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lū̆xōrum",
"links": [
[
"lū̆xōrum",
"luxorum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lū̆xārum",
"links": [
[
"lū̆xārum",
"luxarum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lū̆xōrum",
"links": [
[
"lū̆xōrum",
"luxorum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lū̆xō",
"links": [
[
"lū̆xō",
"luxo#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lū̆xae",
"links": [
[
"lū̆xae",
"luxae#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lū̆xō",
"links": [
[
"lū̆xō",
"luxo#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lū̆xīs",
"links": [
[
"lū̆xīs",
"luxis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lū̆xum",
"links": [
[
"lū̆xum",
"luxum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lū̆xam",
"links": [
[
"lū̆xam",
"luxam#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lū̆xum",
"links": [
[
"lū̆xum",
"luxum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lū̆xōs",
"links": [
[
"lū̆xōs",
"luxos#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lū̆xās",
"links": [
[
"lū̆xās",
"luxas#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lū̆xa",
"links": [
[
"lū̆xa",
"luxa#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lū̆xō",
"links": [
[
"lū̆xō",
"luxo#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lū̆xā",
"links": [
[
"lū̆xā",
"luxa#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lū̆xō",
"links": [
[
"lū̆xō",
"luxo#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lū̆xīs",
"links": [
[
"lū̆xīs",
"luxis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lū̆xe",
"links": [
[
"lū̆xe",
"luxe#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "lū̆xa",
"links": [
[
"lū̆xa",
"luxa#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "lū̆xum",
"links": [
[
"lū̆xum",
"luxum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "lū̆xī",
"links": [
[
"lū̆xī",
"luxi#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "lū̆xae",
"links": [
[
"lū̆xae",
"luxae#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "lū̆xa",
"links": [
[
"lū̆xa",
"luxa#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lū̆xus"
},
"expansion": "lū̆xus (feminine lū̆xa, neuter lū̆xum); first/second-declension adjective",
"name": "la-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lū̆xus"
},
"name": "la-adecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"dislocated"
],
"links": [
[
"dislocated",
"dislocated"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "lū̆xātus"
}
],
"tags": [
"adjective",
"declension-1",
"declension-2"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈɫuːk.sʊs]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈɫʊk.sʊs]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈluk.sus]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "luxus"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 2-syllable words",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin fourth declension nouns",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin masculine nouns",
"Latin masculine nouns in the fourth declension",
"Latin nouns",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *lewg-",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Latin terms with unknown etymologies",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "lū̆xor"
},
{
"word": "lū̆xuria"
},
{
"word": " lū̆xuriēs"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Sardinian",
"lang_code": "sc",
"word": "luscu"
}
],
"lang": "Insular Romance",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"word": "lusso"
},
{
"lang": "Sicilian",
"lang_code": "scn",
"word": "lussu"
}
],
"lang": "Italo-Romance",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Piedmontese",
"lang_code": "pms",
"word": "luss"
},
{
"lang": "Piedmontese",
"lang_code": "pms",
"raw_tags": [
"or from Italian"
],
"word": "lusso"
}
],
"lang": "Gallo-Italic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"word": "luxo"
},
{
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"word": "luxo"
}
],
"lang": "Old Galician-Portuguese",
"lang_code": "roa-opt",
"word": "luxo"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Tagalog",
"lang_code": "tl",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "luho"
}
],
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"word": "lujo"
}
],
"lang": "Old Spanish",
"lang_code": "osp",
"word": "luxo"
}
],
"lang": "Ibero-Romance",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"lang": "Alemannic German",
"lang_code": "gsw",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "Luxus"
},
{
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "luxe"
},
{
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "luxus"
},
{
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "luksus"
},
{
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "luksus"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "luxe"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "luxe"
},
{
"lang": "Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "luks",
"word": "لوکس"
},
{
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "lux"
},
{
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "lyx"
},
{
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "lüks"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "luxe"
},
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "Luxus"
},
{
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "luxus"
},
{
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "lúxus"
},
{
"lang": "Luxembourgish",
"lang_code": "lb",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "Luxus"
},
{
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "luksuz",
"word": "луксуз"
},
{
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "luksus"
},
{
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "luksus"
},
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "luksus"
},
{
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "ljuks",
"word": "люкс"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Cyrillic script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "луксуз"
},
{
"lang": "Cyrillic script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "луксус"
},
{
"lang": "Latin script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "luksuz"
},
{
"lang": "Latin script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "luksus"
}
],
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
}
],
"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*lewg-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "Disputed"
},
"expansion": "Disputed",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*dluk-s-u-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dluk-s-u-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "γλεῦκος",
"t": "sweet wine"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek γλεῦκος (gleûkos, “sweet wine”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "dolce vita"
},
"expansion": "Italian dolce vita",
"name": "ncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Disputed.\n*The rare sense 'dislocation' is presumably an abstract u-stem noun (see -tus) formed on the same stem as the adjective luxus (see above).\n*The more common sense 'luxury, extravagance' may be a metaphorical extension from \"bending\" to \"lack of restraint\". Alternatively, it may have a separate etymology from Proto-Indo-European *dluk-s-u-, a u-stem adjective built to *dluk-s-ό (“sweet”), itself perhaps from *dléwk-es- (“sweetness”), whence perhaps Ancient Greek γλεῦκος (gleûkos, “sweet wine”). However, the etymology of the Greek term is highly contentious, and it may derive from a non-IE substrate. For a semantic association between \"sweetness\" and \"luxury,\" compare Italian dolce vita.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "lū̆xus",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "lū̆xūs",
"links": [
[
"lū̆xūs",
"luxus"
]
],
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "lū̆xus",
"links": [
[
"lū̆xus",
"luxus#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lū̆xūs",
"links": [
[
"lū̆xūs",
"luxus#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lū̆xūs",
"links": [
[
"lū̆xūs",
"luxus#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lū̆xuum",
"links": [
[
"lū̆xuum",
"luxuum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lū̆xuī",
"links": [
[
"lū̆xuī",
"luxui#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lū̆xibus",
"links": [
[
"lū̆xibus",
"luxibus#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lū̆xum",
"links": [
[
"lū̆xum",
"luxum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lū̆xūs",
"links": [
[
"lū̆xūs",
"luxus#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lū̆xū",
"links": [
[
"lū̆xū",
"luxu#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lū̆xibus",
"links": [
[
"lū̆xibus",
"luxibus#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lū̆xus",
"links": [
[
"lū̆xus",
"luxus#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "lū̆xūs",
"links": [
[
"lū̆xūs",
"luxus#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lū̆xus<4>"
},
"expansion": "lū̆xus m (genitive lū̆xūs); fourth declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lū̆xus<4>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "As soon as he grew to adulthood, endowed with strength and handsome appearance but above all vigorous in his intelligence, he did not give himself to being spoilt by either extravagance or idleness but rather, as was the custom of his nation, he rode on horseback, threw javelins, contended in races with his equals, and although he went before all in glory, he was dear to all; besides this, he gave much time to hunting and he was the first or among the first to strike the lion or other wild beasts; he did very much but spoke very little of himself.",
"ref": "c. 40 BCE, Gaius Sallustius Crispus, Bellum Jugurthinum 6.1",
"text": "Qui ubi primum adolevit, pollens viribus, decora facie, sed multo maxume ingenio validus, non se luxu neque inertiae corrumpendum dedit, sed, uti mos gentis illius est, equitare, iaculari, cursu cum aequalibus certare, et quom omnis gloria anteiret, omnibus tamen carus esse; ad hoc pleraque tempora in venando agere, leonem atque alias feras primus aut in primis ferire; plurumum facere et minumum ipse de se loqui.",
"translation": "As soon as he grew to adulthood, endowed with strength and handsome appearance but above all vigorous in his intelligence, he did not give himself to being spoilt by either extravagance or idleness but rather, as was the custom of his nation, he rode on horseback, threw javelins, contended in races with his equals, and although he went before all in glory, he was dear to all; besides this, he gave much time to hunting and he was the first or among the first to strike the lion or other wild beasts; he did very much but spoke very little of himself.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"extravagance, luxury, excess, debauchery"
],
"links": [
[
"extravagance",
"extravagance"
],
[
"luxury",
"luxury"
],
[
"excess",
"excess"
],
[
"debauchery",
"debauchery"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-4"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"pomp, splendor"
],
"links": [
[
"pomp",
"pomp"
],
[
"splendor",
"splendor"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-4"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with quotations",
"Latin terms with rare senses",
"Requests for translations of Latin quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"ref": "234 BCE – 149 BCE, Marcus Porcius Cato, De agri cultura 160 (Ambiguous; could instead be a form of the synonymous second-declension noun luxum, luxī n)",
"text": "Ferrum insuper iactato. Ubi coierint et altera alteram tetigerint, id manu prehende et dextera sinistra praecide; ad luxum aut ad fracturam alliga: sanum fiet.",
"translation": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"english": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"ref": "c. 125 CE – 180 CE, Apuleius, Florida 16.70",
"text": "Nam, ut meministis profecto, cum impedita esset imbri recitatio, in propinquum diem vobis volentibus protuli, et quidem Philemonis exemplo paenissime; quippe eodem die in palaestra adeo vehementer talum inverti, ut minimum afuerim, quin articulum etiam a crure defringerem. Tamen articulus loco concessit exque eo luxu adhuc fluxus est.",
"translation": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a dislocation"
],
"links": [
[
"dislocation",
"dislocation"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) a dislocation"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "lū̆xum"
},
{
"word": "lū̆xātūra"
},
{
"word": "lū̆xātiō"
}
],
"tags": [
"declension-4",
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈɫuːk.sʊs]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈɫʊk.sʊs]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈluk.sus]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "luxus"
}
Download raw JSONL data for luxus meaning in Latin (17.8kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Latin dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-08-02 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-07-06 using wiktextract (d9fa233 and 9e92f4b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.