"luxus" meaning in Latin

See luxus in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Adjective

IPA: [ˈɫuːk.sʊs] [Classical-Latin], [ˈɫʊk.sʊs] [Classical-Latin], [ˈluk.sus] (note: modern Italianate Ecclesiastical)
Etymology: Perhaps from Proto-Italic *luksos, from Proto-Indo-European *lug-sό-s, from Proto-Indo-European *léwg-os ~ *léwg-es-os (“bend, twist”), from *lewg-, whence also luctor (“wrestle”). If this theory is accepted, then the term is cognate with Sanskrit rugṇá (“bent, broken”), Ancient Greek λύγος (lúgos, “twig, withe”), Lithuanian lugnas, and Old Norse lykna (“to bend, close”). Etymology templates: {{root|la|ine-pro|*lewg-}}, {{inh|la|itc-pro||*luksos}} Proto-Italic *luksos, {{inh|la|ine-pro||*lug-sό-s}} Proto-Indo-European *lug-sό-s, {{cog|sa|रुग्ण|rugṇá|t=bent, broken}} Sanskrit rugṇá (“bent, broken”), {{cog|grc|λύγος|t=twig, withe}} Ancient Greek λύγος (lúgos, “twig, withe”), {{cog|lt|lugnas}} Lithuanian lugnas, {{cog|non|lykna|t=to bend, close}} Old Norse lykna (“to bend, close”) Head templates: {{la-adj|lū̆xus}} lū̆xus (feminine lū̆xa, neuter lū̆xum); first/second-declension adjective Inflection templates: {{la-adecl|lū̆xus}} Forms: lū̆xus [canonical], lū̆xa [feminine], lū̆xum [neuter], no-table-tags [table-tags], lū̆xus [masculine, nominative, singular], lū̆xa [feminine, nominative, singular], lū̆xum [neuter, nominative, singular], lū̆xī [masculine, nominative, plural], lū̆xae [feminine, nominative, plural], lū̆xa [neuter, nominative, plural], lū̆xī [genitive, masculine, singular], lū̆xae [feminine, genitive, singular], lū̆xī [genitive, neuter, singular], lū̆xōrum [genitive, masculine, plural], lū̆xārum [feminine, genitive, plural], lū̆xōrum [genitive, neuter, plural], lū̆xō [dative, masculine, singular], lū̆xae [dative, feminine, singular], lū̆xō [dative, neuter, singular], lū̆xīs [dative, feminine, masculine, neuter, plural], lū̆xum [accusative, masculine, singular], lū̆xam [accusative, feminine, singular], lū̆xum [accusative, neuter, singular], lū̆xōs [accusative, masculine, plural], lū̆xās [accusative, feminine, plural], lū̆xa [accusative, neuter, plural], lū̆xō [ablative, masculine, singular], lū̆xā [ablative, feminine, singular], lū̆xō [ablative, neuter, singular], lū̆xīs [ablative, feminine, masculine, neuter, plural], lū̆xe [masculine, singular, vocative], lū̆xa [feminine, singular, vocative], lū̆xum [neuter, singular, vocative], lū̆xī [masculine, plural, vocative], lū̆xae [feminine, plural, vocative], lū̆xa [neuter, plural, vocative]
  1. dislocated Tags: adjective, declension-1, declension-2 Derived forms: lū̆xō
    Sense id: en-luxus-la-adj-fZAEdryx
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 1

Noun

IPA: [ˈɫuːk.sʊs] [Classical-Latin], [ˈɫʊk.sʊs] [Classical-Latin], [ˈluk.sus] (note: modern Italianate Ecclesiastical)
Etymology: Disputed. Perhaps an abstract u-stem noun (see -tus) formed on the same stem as the adjective luxus, from Proto-Italic *luksos, from Proto-Indo-European *lewg- (“bend, twist”). Another theory derives the term from Proto-Indo-European *dluk-s-u-, a u-stem adjective built to *dluk-s-ό (“sweet”), itself perhaps from *dléwk-es- (“sweetness”), whence perhaps Ancient Greek γλεῦκος (gleûkos, “sweet wine”). However, the etymology of the Greek term is highly contentious, and it may derive from a non-IE substrate. For a semantic association between "sweetness" and "luxury," compare Italian dolce vita. Etymology templates: {{root|la|ine-pro|*lewg-}}, {{unc|la|Disputed}} Disputed, {{inh|la|itc-pro|*luksos}} Proto-Italic *luksos, {{der|la|ine-pro|*lewg-|t=bend, twist}} Proto-Indo-European *lewg- (“bend, twist”), {{der|la|ine-pro||*dluk-s-u-}} Proto-Indo-European *dluk-s-u-, {{cog|grc|γλεῦκος|t=sweet wine}} Ancient Greek γλεῦκος (gleûkos, “sweet wine”), {{ncog|it|dolce vita}} Italian dolce vita Head templates: {{la-noun|lū̆xus<4>}} lū̆xus m (genitive lū̆xūs); fourth declension Inflection templates: {{la-ndecl|lū̆xus<4>}} Forms: lū̆xus [canonical, masculine], lū̆xūs [genitive], no-table-tags [table-tags], lū̆xus [nominative, singular], lū̆xūs [nominative, plural], lū̆xūs [genitive, singular], lū̆xuum [genitive, plural], lū̆xuī [dative, singular], lū̆xibus [dative, plural], lū̆xum [accusative, singular], lū̆xūs [accusative, plural], lū̆xū [ablative, singular], lū̆xibus [ablative, plural], lū̆xus [singular, vocative], lū̆xūs [plural, vocative]
  1. a dislocation Tags: declension-4
    Sense id: en-luxus-la-noun-o5oEEvCa Categories (other): Latin entries with incorrect language header, Latin masculine nouns in the fourth declension Disambiguation of Latin entries with incorrect language header: 26 42 10 23 Disambiguation of Latin masculine nouns in the fourth declension: 17 42 17 24
  2. extravagance, luxury, excess, debauchery Tags: declension-4
    Sense id: en-luxus-la-noun-zmzxlenl
  3. pomp, splendor Tags: declension-4
    Sense id: en-luxus-la-noun-vwRDvz~h
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: lū̆xor, lū̆xuria, lū̆xuriēs
Etymology number: 2
{
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*lewg-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "itc-pro",
        "3": "",
        "4": "*luksos"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Italic *luksos",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "",
        "4": "*lug-sό-s"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *lug-sό-s",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "रुग्ण",
        "3": "rugṇá",
        "t": "bent, broken"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit rugṇá (“bent, broken”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "λύγος",
        "t": "twig, withe"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek λύγος (lúgos, “twig, withe”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "lugnas"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian lugnas",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "non",
        "2": "lykna",
        "t": "to bend, close"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Norse lykna (“to bend, close”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Perhaps from Proto-Italic *luksos, from Proto-Indo-European *lug-sό-s, from Proto-Indo-European *léwg-os ~ *léwg-es-os (“bend, twist”), from *lewg-, whence also luctor (“wrestle”). If this theory is accepted, then the term is cognate with Sanskrit rugṇá (“bent, broken”), Ancient Greek λύγος (lúgos, “twig, withe”), Lithuanian lugnas, and Old Norse lykna (“to bend, close”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "lū̆xus",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lū̆xa",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lū̆xum",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "la-adecl",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lū̆xus",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lū̆xa",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lū̆xum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lū̆xī",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lū̆xae",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lū̆xa",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lū̆xī",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lū̆xae",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lū̆xī",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lū̆xōrum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lū̆xārum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lū̆xōrum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lū̆xō",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lū̆xae",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lū̆xō",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lū̆xīs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "masculine",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lū̆xum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lū̆xam",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lū̆xum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lū̆xōs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lū̆xās",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lū̆xa",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lū̆xō",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lū̆xā",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lū̆xō",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lū̆xīs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "feminine",
        "masculine",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lū̆xe",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lū̆xa",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lū̆xum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lū̆xī",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lū̆xae",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lū̆xa",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lū̆xus"
      },
      "expansion": "lū̆xus (feminine lū̆xa, neuter lū̆xum); first/second-declension adjective",
      "name": "la-adj"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lū̆xus"
      },
      "name": "la-adecl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Latin",
  "lang_code": "la",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "derived": [
        {
          "word": "lū̆xō"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "dislocated"
      ],
      "id": "en-luxus-la-adj-fZAEdryx",
      "links": [
        [
          "dislocated",
          "dislocated"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "adjective",
        "declension-1",
        "declension-2"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈɫuːk.sʊs]",
      "tags": [
        "Classical-Latin"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈɫʊk.sʊs]",
      "tags": [
        "Classical-Latin"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈluk.sus]",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
    }
  ],
  "word": "luxus"
}

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "lū̆xor"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "lū̆xuria"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": " lū̆xuriēs"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "lang": "Alemannic German",
      "lang_code": "gsw",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "Luxus"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "lang_code": "ca",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "luxe"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Czech",
      "lang_code": "cs",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "luxus"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Danish",
      "lang_code": "da",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "luksus"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "lang_code": "fi",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "luksus"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "lang_code": "nl",
          "raw_tags": [
            "borrowed"
          ],
          "word": "luxe"
        },
        {
          "lang": "English",
          "lang_code": "en",
          "raw_tags": [
            "borrowed"
          ],
          "word": "luxe"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Persian",
          "lang_code": "fa",
          "raw_tags": [
            "borrowed"
          ],
          "roman": "luks",
          "word": "لوکس"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Romanian",
          "lang_code": "ro",
          "raw_tags": [
            "borrowed"
          ],
          "word": "lux"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "lang_code": "sv",
          "raw_tags": [
            "borrowed"
          ],
          "word": "lyx"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Turkish",
          "lang_code": "tr",
          "raw_tags": [
            "borrowed"
          ],
          "word": "lüks"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "French",
      "lang_code": "fr",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "luxe"
    },
    {
      "lang": "German",
      "lang_code": "de",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "Luxus"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "lang_code": "hu",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "luxus"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Icelandic",
      "lang_code": "is",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "lúxus"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Luxembourgish",
      "lang_code": "lb",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "Luxus"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Macedonian",
      "lang_code": "mk",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "roman": "luksuz",
      "word": "луксуз"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
      "lang_code": "nb",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "luksus"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
      "lang_code": "nn",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "luksus"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Polish",
      "lang_code": "pl",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "luksus"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Russian",
      "lang_code": "ru",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "roman": "ljuks",
      "word": "люкс"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*lewg-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "Disputed"
      },
      "expansion": "Disputed",
      "name": "unc"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "itc-pro",
        "3": "*luksos"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Italic *luksos",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*lewg-",
        "t": "bend, twist"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *lewg- (“bend, twist”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "",
        "4": "*dluk-s-u-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dluk-s-u-",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "γλεῦκος",
        "t": "sweet wine"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek γλεῦκος (gleûkos, “sweet wine”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "it",
        "2": "dolce vita"
      },
      "expansion": "Italian dolce vita",
      "name": "ncog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Disputed. Perhaps an abstract u-stem noun (see -tus) formed on the same stem as the adjective luxus, from Proto-Italic *luksos, from Proto-Indo-European *lewg- (“bend, twist”). Another theory derives the term from Proto-Indo-European *dluk-s-u-, a u-stem adjective built to *dluk-s-ό (“sweet”), itself perhaps from *dléwk-es- (“sweetness”), whence perhaps Ancient Greek γλεῦκος (gleûkos, “sweet wine”). However, the etymology of the Greek term is highly contentious, and it may derive from a non-IE substrate. For a semantic association between \"sweetness\" and \"luxury,\" compare Italian dolce vita.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "lū̆xus",
      "tags": [
        "canonical",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lū̆xūs",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "la-ndecl",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lū̆xus",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lū̆xūs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lū̆xūs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lū̆xuum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lū̆xuī",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lū̆xibus",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lū̆xum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lū̆xūs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lū̆xū",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lū̆xibus",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lū̆xus",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lū̆xūs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lū̆xus<4>"
      },
      "expansion": "lū̆xus m (genitive lū̆xūs); fourth declension",
      "name": "la-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lū̆xus<4>"
      },
      "name": "la-ndecl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Latin",
  "lang_code": "la",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "26 42 10 23",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "17 42 17 24",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latin masculine nouns in the fourth declension",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "a dislocation"
      ],
      "id": "en-luxus-la-noun-o5oEEvCa",
      "links": [
        [
          "dislocation",
          "dislocation"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-4"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "extravagance, luxury, excess, debauchery"
      ],
      "id": "en-luxus-la-noun-zmzxlenl",
      "links": [
        [
          "extravagance",
          "extravagance"
        ],
        [
          "luxury",
          "luxury"
        ],
        [
          "excess",
          "excess"
        ],
        [
          "debauchery",
          "debauchery"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-4"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "pomp, splendor"
      ],
      "id": "en-luxus-la-noun-vwRDvz~h",
      "links": [
        [
          "pomp",
          "pomp"
        ],
        [
          "splendor",
          "splendor"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-4"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈɫuːk.sʊs]",
      "tags": [
        "Classical-Latin"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈɫʊk.sʊs]",
      "tags": [
        "Classical-Latin"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈluk.sus]",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
    }
  ],
  "word": "luxus"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Latin 2-syllable words",
    "Latin adjectives",
    "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
    "Latin first and second declension adjectives",
    "Latin fourth declension nouns",
    "Latin lemmas",
    "Latin masculine nouns",
    "Latin masculine nouns in the fourth declension",
    "Latin nouns",
    "Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Latin terms derived from Proto-Italic",
    "Latin terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *lewg-",
    "Latin terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Latin terms inherited from Proto-Italic",
    "Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Latin terms with unknown etymologies",
    "Pages with 3 entries",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "lū̆xō"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*lewg-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "itc-pro",
        "3": "",
        "4": "*luksos"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Italic *luksos",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "",
        "4": "*lug-sό-s"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *lug-sό-s",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "रुग्ण",
        "3": "rugṇá",
        "t": "bent, broken"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit rugṇá (“bent, broken”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "λύγος",
        "t": "twig, withe"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek λύγος (lúgos, “twig, withe”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "lugnas"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian lugnas",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "non",
        "2": "lykna",
        "t": "to bend, close"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Norse lykna (“to bend, close”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Perhaps from Proto-Italic *luksos, from Proto-Indo-European *lug-sό-s, from Proto-Indo-European *léwg-os ~ *léwg-es-os (“bend, twist”), from *lewg-, whence also luctor (“wrestle”). If this theory is accepted, then the term is cognate with Sanskrit rugṇá (“bent, broken”), Ancient Greek λύγος (lúgos, “twig, withe”), Lithuanian lugnas, and Old Norse lykna (“to bend, close”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "lū̆xus",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lū̆xa",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lū̆xum",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "la-adecl",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lū̆xus",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lū̆xa",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lū̆xum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lū̆xī",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lū̆xae",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lū̆xa",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lū̆xī",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lū̆xae",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lū̆xī",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lū̆xōrum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lū̆xārum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lū̆xōrum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lū̆xō",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lū̆xae",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lū̆xō",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lū̆xīs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "masculine",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lū̆xum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lū̆xam",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lū̆xum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lū̆xōs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lū̆xās",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lū̆xa",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lū̆xō",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lū̆xā",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lū̆xō",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lū̆xīs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "feminine",
        "masculine",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lū̆xe",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lū̆xa",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lū̆xum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lū̆xī",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lū̆xae",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lū̆xa",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lū̆xus"
      },
      "expansion": "lū̆xus (feminine lū̆xa, neuter lū̆xum); first/second-declension adjective",
      "name": "la-adj"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lū̆xus"
      },
      "name": "la-adecl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Latin",
  "lang_code": "la",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "dislocated"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "dislocated",
          "dislocated"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "adjective",
        "declension-1",
        "declension-2"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈɫuːk.sʊs]",
      "tags": [
        "Classical-Latin"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈɫʊk.sʊs]",
      "tags": [
        "Classical-Latin"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈluk.sus]",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
    }
  ],
  "word": "luxus"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Latin 2-syllable words",
    "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
    "Latin fourth declension nouns",
    "Latin lemmas",
    "Latin masculine nouns",
    "Latin masculine nouns in the fourth declension",
    "Latin nouns",
    "Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Latin terms derived from Proto-Italic",
    "Latin terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *lewg-",
    "Latin terms inherited from Proto-Italic",
    "Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Latin terms with unknown etymologies",
    "Pages with 3 entries",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "lū̆xor"
    },
    {
      "word": "lū̆xuria"
    },
    {
      "word": " lū̆xuriēs"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "lang": "Alemannic German",
      "lang_code": "gsw",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "Luxus"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "lang_code": "ca",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "luxe"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Czech",
      "lang_code": "cs",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "luxus"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Danish",
      "lang_code": "da",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "luksus"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "lang_code": "fi",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "luksus"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "lang_code": "nl",
          "raw_tags": [
            "borrowed"
          ],
          "word": "luxe"
        },
        {
          "lang": "English",
          "lang_code": "en",
          "raw_tags": [
            "borrowed"
          ],
          "word": "luxe"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Persian",
          "lang_code": "fa",
          "raw_tags": [
            "borrowed"
          ],
          "roman": "luks",
          "word": "لوکس"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Romanian",
          "lang_code": "ro",
          "raw_tags": [
            "borrowed"
          ],
          "word": "lux"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "lang_code": "sv",
          "raw_tags": [
            "borrowed"
          ],
          "word": "lyx"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Turkish",
          "lang_code": "tr",
          "raw_tags": [
            "borrowed"
          ],
          "word": "lüks"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "French",
      "lang_code": "fr",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "luxe"
    },
    {
      "lang": "German",
      "lang_code": "de",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "Luxus"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "lang_code": "hu",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "luxus"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Icelandic",
      "lang_code": "is",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "lúxus"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Luxembourgish",
      "lang_code": "lb",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "Luxus"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Macedonian",
      "lang_code": "mk",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "roman": "luksuz",
      "word": "луксуз"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
      "lang_code": "nb",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "luksus"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
      "lang_code": "nn",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "luksus"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Polish",
      "lang_code": "pl",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "luksus"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Russian",
      "lang_code": "ru",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "roman": "ljuks",
      "word": "люкс"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*lewg-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "Disputed"
      },
      "expansion": "Disputed",
      "name": "unc"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "itc-pro",
        "3": "*luksos"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Italic *luksos",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*lewg-",
        "t": "bend, twist"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *lewg- (“bend, twist”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "",
        "4": "*dluk-s-u-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dluk-s-u-",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "γλεῦκος",
        "t": "sweet wine"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek γλεῦκος (gleûkos, “sweet wine”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "it",
        "2": "dolce vita"
      },
      "expansion": "Italian dolce vita",
      "name": "ncog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Disputed. Perhaps an abstract u-stem noun (see -tus) formed on the same stem as the adjective luxus, from Proto-Italic *luksos, from Proto-Indo-European *lewg- (“bend, twist”). Another theory derives the term from Proto-Indo-European *dluk-s-u-, a u-stem adjective built to *dluk-s-ό (“sweet”), itself perhaps from *dléwk-es- (“sweetness”), whence perhaps Ancient Greek γλεῦκος (gleûkos, “sweet wine”). However, the etymology of the Greek term is highly contentious, and it may derive from a non-IE substrate. For a semantic association between \"sweetness\" and \"luxury,\" compare Italian dolce vita.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "lū̆xus",
      "tags": [
        "canonical",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lū̆xūs",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "la-ndecl",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lū̆xus",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lū̆xūs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lū̆xūs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lū̆xuum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lū̆xuī",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lū̆xibus",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lū̆xum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lū̆xūs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lū̆xū",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lū̆xibus",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lū̆xus",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lū̆xūs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lū̆xus<4>"
      },
      "expansion": "lū̆xus m (genitive lū̆xūs); fourth declension",
      "name": "la-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lū̆xus<4>"
      },
      "name": "la-ndecl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Latin",
  "lang_code": "la",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "a dislocation"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "dislocation",
          "dislocation"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-4"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "extravagance, luxury, excess, debauchery"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "extravagance",
          "extravagance"
        ],
        [
          "luxury",
          "luxury"
        ],
        [
          "excess",
          "excess"
        ],
        [
          "debauchery",
          "debauchery"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-4"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "pomp, splendor"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "pomp",
          "pomp"
        ],
        [
          "splendor",
          "splendor"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-4"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈɫuːk.sʊs]",
      "tags": [
        "Classical-Latin"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈɫʊk.sʊs]",
      "tags": [
        "Classical-Latin"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈluk.sus]",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
    }
  ],
  "word": "luxus"
}

Download raw JSONL data for luxus meaning in Latin (11.8kB)

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Latin dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-03-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-03-03 using wiktextract (05c257f and 9d9a410). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.