See impugno in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"word": "impugnar"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "impugn"
},
{
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"word": "impugnar"
},
{
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"word": "impugnare"
},
{
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"word": "impugnar"
},
{
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"word": "impugnar"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": ":af",
"3": "in-<id:in>",
"4": "pugnō<t:fight, oppose>",
"text": "+",
"title": "impugnō",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₁én\nProto-Italic *en\nProto-Italic *en-\nLatin in-\nProto-Indo-European *pewǵ-der.\nProto-Indo-European *puǵnos\nProto-Italic *pugnos\nLatin pugnus\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.\nProto-Italic *-ājō\nProto-Italic *-āō\nLatin -ō\nLatin pugnō\nLatin impugnō\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*en\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*en-\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"in-\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"gloss\" : \"fight, oppose\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"gloss\" : \"fist\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"fist\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"punch\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*pewǵ-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*puǵnos\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*pugnos\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"pugnus\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"id\" : \"denominative\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"suf\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-ājō\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"suf\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-éh₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"intransitive verbs\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-yéti\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-eh₂yéti\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" }, { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"influ.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Influenced by\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂ti\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"influence\" } ], \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-āō\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ō\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"pugnō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"impugnō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }\" data-lang=\"la\" data-title=\"impugnō\">\nFrom in- + pugnō (“fight, oppose”).",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₁én\nProto-Italic *en\nProto-Italic *en-\nLatin in-\nProto-Indo-European *pewǵ-der.\nProto-Indo-European *puǵnos\nProto-Italic *pugnos\nLatin pugnus\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.\nProto-Italic *-ājō\nProto-Italic *-āō\nLatin -ō\nLatin pugnō\nLatin impugnō\nFrom in- + pugnō (“fight, oppose”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "impugnō",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnāre",
"links": [
[
"impugnāre",
"impugnare"
]
],
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnāvī",
"links": [
[
"impugnāvī",
"impugnavi"
]
],
"tags": [
"active",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnātum",
"links": [
[
"impugnātum",
"impugnatum"
]
],
"tags": [
"supine"
]
},
{
"form": "conjugation-1",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnō",
"links": [
[
"impugnō",
"impugno#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnās",
"links": [
[
"impugnās",
"impugnas#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnat",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnāmus",
"links": [
[
"impugnāmus",
"impugnamus#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnātis",
"links": [
[
"impugnātis",
"impugnatis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnant",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnābam",
"links": [
[
"impugnābam",
"impugnabam#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnābās",
"links": [
[
"impugnābās",
"impugnabas#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnābat",
"links": [
[
"impugnābat",
"impugnabat#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnābāmus",
"links": [
[
"impugnābāmus",
"impugnabamus#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnābātis",
"links": [
[
"impugnābātis",
"impugnabatis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnābant",
"links": [
[
"impugnābant",
"impugnabant#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnābō",
"links": [
[
"impugnābō",
"impugnabo#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"future",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnābis",
"links": [
[
"impugnābis",
"impugnabis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"future",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnābit",
"links": [
[
"impugnābit",
"impugnabit#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"future",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnābimus",
"links": [
[
"impugnābimus",
"impugnabimus#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"future",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnābitis",
"links": [
[
"impugnābitis",
"impugnabitis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"future",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnābunt",
"links": [
[
"impugnābunt",
"impugnabunt#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"future",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnāvī",
"links": [
[
"impugnāvī",
"impugnavi#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnāvistī",
"links": [
[
"impugnāvistī",
"impugnavisti#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnāvit",
"links": [
[
"impugnāvit",
"impugnavit#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnāvimus",
"links": [
[
"impugnāvimus",
"impugnavimus#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnāvistis",
"links": [
[
"impugnāvistis",
"impugnavistis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnāvērunt",
"links": [
[
"impugnāvērunt",
"impugnaverunt#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnāvēre",
"links": [
[
"impugnāvēre",
"impugnavere#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnāveram",
"links": [
[
"impugnāveram",
"impugnaveram#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnāverās",
"links": [
[
"impugnāverās",
"impugnaveras#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnāverat",
"links": [
[
"impugnāverat",
"impugnaverat#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnāverāmus",
"links": [
[
"impugnāverāmus",
"impugnaveramus#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnāverātis",
"links": [
[
"impugnāverātis",
"impugnaveratis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnāverant",
"links": [
[
"impugnāverant",
"impugnaverant#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnāverō",
"links": [
[
"impugnāverō",
"impugnavero#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"future",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnāveris",
"links": [
[
"impugnāveris",
"impugnaveris#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"future",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnāverit",
"links": [
[
"impugnāverit",
"impugnaverit#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"future",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnāverimus",
"links": [
[
"impugnāverimus",
"impugnaverimus#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"future",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnāveritis",
"links": [
[
"impugnāveritis",
"impugnaveritis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"future",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnāverint",
"links": [
[
"impugnāverint",
"impugnaverint#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"future",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnor",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"passive",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnāris",
"links": [
[
"impugnāris",
"impugnaris#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"passive",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnāre",
"links": [
[
"impugnāre",
"impugnare#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"passive",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnātur",
"links": [
[
"impugnātur",
"impugnatur#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"passive",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnāmur",
"links": [
[
"impugnāmur",
"impugnamur#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"passive",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnāminī",
"links": [
[
"impugnāminī",
"impugnamini#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"passive",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnantur",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"passive",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnābar",
"links": [
[
"impugnābar",
"impugnabar#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"passive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnābāris",
"links": [
[
"impugnābāris",
"impugnabaris#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"passive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnābāre",
"links": [
[
"impugnābāre",
"impugnabare#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"passive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnābātur",
"links": [
[
"impugnābātur",
"impugnabatur#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"passive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnābāmur",
"links": [
[
"impugnābāmur",
"impugnabamur#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"passive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnābāminī",
"links": [
[
"impugnābāminī",
"impugnabamini#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"passive",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnābantur",
"links": [
[
"impugnābantur",
"impugnabantur#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"passive",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnābor",
"links": [
[
"impugnābor",
"impugnabor#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"indicative",
"passive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnāberis",
"links": [
[
"impugnāberis",
"impugnaberis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"passive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnābere",
"links": [
[
"impugnābere",
"impugnabere#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"passive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnābitur",
"links": [
[
"impugnābitur",
"impugnabitur#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"passive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnābimur",
"links": [
[
"impugnābimur",
"impugnabimur#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"indicative",
"passive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnābiminī",
"links": [
[
"impugnābiminī",
"impugnabimini#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"passive",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnābuntur",
"links": [
[
"impugnābuntur",
"impugnabuntur#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"passive",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnātus + present active indicative of sum",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"passive",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnātus + imperfect active indicative of sum",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"passive",
"pluperfect"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnātus + future active indicative of sum",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"passive",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnem",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnēs",
"links": [
[
"impugnēs",
"impugnes#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnet",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnēmus",
"links": [
[
"impugnēmus",
"impugnemus#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnētis",
"links": [
[
"impugnētis",
"impugnetis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnent",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnārem",
"links": [
[
"impugnārem",
"impugnarem#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnārēs",
"links": [
[
"impugnārēs",
"impugnares#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperfect",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnāret",
"links": [
[
"impugnāret",
"impugnaret#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnārēmus",
"links": [
[
"impugnārēmus",
"impugnaremus#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnārētis",
"links": [
[
"impugnārētis",
"impugnaretis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperfect",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnārent",
"links": [
[
"impugnārent",
"impugnarent#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnāverim",
"links": [
[
"impugnāverim",
"impugnaverim#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"perfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnāverīs",
"links": [
[
"impugnāverīs",
"impugnaveris#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"perfect",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnāverit",
"links": [
[
"impugnāverit",
"impugnaverit#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"perfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnāverīmus",
"links": [
[
"impugnāverīmus",
"impugnaverimus#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"perfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnāverītis",
"links": [
[
"impugnāverītis",
"impugnaveritis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"perfect",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnāverint",
"links": [
[
"impugnāverint",
"impugnaverint#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"perfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnāvissem",
"links": [
[
"impugnāvissem",
"impugnavissem#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"pluperfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnāvissēs",
"links": [
[
"impugnāvissēs",
"impugnavisses#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"pluperfect",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnāvisset",
"links": [
[
"impugnāvisset",
"impugnavisset#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"pluperfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnāvissēmus",
"links": [
[
"impugnāvissēmus",
"impugnavissemus#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnāvissētis",
"links": [
[
"impugnāvissētis",
"impugnavissetis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnāvissent",
"links": [
[
"impugnāvissent",
"impugnavissent#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "impugner",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"passive",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnēris",
"links": [
[
"impugnēris",
"impugneris#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnēre",
"links": [
[
"impugnēre",
"impugnere#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnētur",
"links": [
[
"impugnētur",
"impugnetur#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnēmur",
"links": [
[
"impugnēmur",
"impugnemur#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"passive",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnēminī",
"links": [
[
"impugnēminī",
"impugnemini#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnentur",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnārer",
"links": [
[
"impugnārer",
"impugnarer#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"passive",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnārēris",
"links": [
[
"impugnārēris",
"impugnareris#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"passive",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnārēre",
"links": [
[
"impugnārēre",
"impugnarere#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"passive",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnārētur",
"links": [
[
"impugnārētur",
"impugnaretur#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"passive",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnārēmur",
"links": [
[
"impugnārēmur",
"impugnaremur#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"passive",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnārēminī",
"links": [
[
"impugnārēminī",
"impugnaremini#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"passive",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnārentur",
"links": [
[
"impugnārentur",
"impugnarentur#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"passive",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnātus + present active subjunctive of sum",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive",
"perfect",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnātus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive",
"pluperfect",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnā",
"links": [
[
"impugnā",
"impugna#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnāte",
"links": [
[
"impugnāte",
"impugnate#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperative",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperative",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"future",
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnātō",
"links": [
[
"impugnātō",
"impugnato#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"future",
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnātō",
"links": [
[
"impugnātō",
"impugnato#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"future",
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"future",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnātōte",
"links": [
[
"impugnātōte",
"impugnatote#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"future",
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnantō",
"links": [
[
"impugnantō",
"impugnanto#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"future",
"imperative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"passive",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnāre",
"links": [
[
"impugnāre",
"impugnare#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"passive",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"passive",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"passive",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnāminī",
"links": [
[
"impugnāminī",
"impugnamini#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"passive",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"passive",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"imperative",
"passive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnātor",
"links": [
[
"impugnātor",
"impugnator#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"imperative",
"passive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnātor",
"links": [
[
"impugnātor",
"impugnator#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"imperative",
"passive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"imperative",
"passive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"imperative",
"passive",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnantor",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"imperative",
"passive",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnāre",
"links": [
[
"impugnāre",
"impugnare#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"infinitive",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnārī",
"links": [
[
"impugnārī",
"impugnari#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"passive",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnāns",
"links": [
[
"impugnāns",
"impugnans#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"passive",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnātūrum esse",
"links": [
[
"impugnātūrum",
"impugnaturum#Latin"
],
[
"esse",
"esse#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"future",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnātum īrī",
"links": [
[
"impugnātum",
"impugnatum#Latin"
],
[
"īrī",
"iri#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"infinitive",
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnātūrus",
"links": [
[
"impugnātūrus",
"impugnaturus#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"future",
"participle"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnandus",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"participle",
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnāvisse",
"links": [
[
"impugnāvisse",
"impugnavisse#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"infinitive",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnātum esse",
"links": [
[
"impugnātum",
"impugnatum#Latin"
],
[
"esse",
"esse#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"passive",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnātus",
"links": [
[
"impugnātus",
"impugnatus#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"passive",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"future",
"infinitive",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnātum fore",
"links": [
[
"impugnātum",
"impugnatum#Latin"
],
[
"fore",
"fore#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"infinitive",
"passive",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"future",
"participle",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"participle",
"passive",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnātūrum fuisse",
"links": [
[
"impugnātūrum",
"impugnaturum#Latin"
],
[
"fuisse",
"fuisse#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"infinitive",
"perfect",
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"passive",
"perfect",
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"perfect",
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"passive",
"perfect",
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnandī",
"links": [
[
"impugnandī",
"impugnandi#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"gerund",
"noun-from-verb"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnandō",
"links": [
[
"impugnandō",
"impugnando#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dative",
"gerund",
"noun-from-verb"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnandum",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"gerund",
"noun-from-verb"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnandō",
"links": [
[
"impugnandō",
"impugnando#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"gerund",
"noun-from-verb"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnātum",
"links": [
[
"impugnātum",
"impugnatum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"noun-from-verb",
"supine"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnātū",
"links": [
[
"impugnātū",
"impugnatu#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"noun-from-verb",
"supine"
]
},
{
"form": "inpugnō",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "1+",
"2": "impugnō"
},
"expansion": "impugnō (present infinitive impugnāre, perfect active impugnāvī, supine impugnātum); first conjugation",
"name": "la-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "1+",
"2": "impugnō"
},
"name": "la-conj"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "impugnātiō"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "impugnātor"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "impugnātus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "pugnō"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin first conjugation verbs with perfect in -āv-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin terms prefixed with in- (in)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "49 51",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "49 51",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to attack, fight against"
],
"id": "en-impugno-la-verb-qb5HvKVO",
"links": [
[
"attack",
"attack"
],
[
"fight",
"fight"
]
],
"tags": [
"conjugation-1"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin first conjugation verbs with perfect in -āv-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin terms prefixed with in- (in)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "49 51",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "49 51",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to impugn, assail"
],
"id": "en-impugno-la-verb-aervg7wO",
"links": [
[
"impugn",
"impugn"
],
[
"assail",
"assail"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively) to impugn, assail"
],
"tags": [
"conjugation-1",
"figuratively"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ɪmˈpʊŋ.noː]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[imˈpuɲ.ɲo]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "impugno"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 3-syllable words",
"Latin entries with etymology texts",
"Latin entries with etymology trees",
"Latin entries with etymon",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin first conjugation verbs",
"Latin first conjugation verbs with perfect in -āv-",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *pewǵ-",
"Latin terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *h₁én",
"Latin terms prefixed with in- (in)",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Latin verbs",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon"
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"word": "impugnar"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "impugn"
},
{
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"word": "impugnar"
},
{
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"word": "impugnare"
},
{
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"word": "impugnar"
},
{
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"word": "impugnar"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": ":af",
"3": "in-<id:in>",
"4": "pugnō<t:fight, oppose>",
"text": "+",
"title": "impugnō",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₁én\nProto-Italic *en\nProto-Italic *en-\nLatin in-\nProto-Indo-European *pewǵ-der.\nProto-Indo-European *puǵnos\nProto-Italic *pugnos\nLatin pugnus\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.\nProto-Italic *-ājō\nProto-Italic *-āō\nLatin -ō\nLatin pugnō\nLatin impugnō\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*en\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*en-\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"in-\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"gloss\" : \"fight, oppose\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"gloss\" : \"fist\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"fist\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"punch\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*pewǵ-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*puǵnos\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*pugnos\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"pugnus\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"id\" : \"denominative\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"suf\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-ājō\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"suf\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-éh₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"intransitive verbs\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-yéti\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-eh₂yéti\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" }, { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"influ.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Influenced by\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂ti\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"influence\" } ], \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-āō\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ō\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"pugnō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"impugnō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }\" data-lang=\"la\" data-title=\"impugnō\">\nFrom in- + pugnō (“fight, oppose”).",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₁én\nProto-Italic *en\nProto-Italic *en-\nLatin in-\nProto-Indo-European *pewǵ-der.\nProto-Indo-European *puǵnos\nProto-Italic *pugnos\nLatin pugnus\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.\nProto-Italic *-ājō\nProto-Italic *-āō\nLatin -ō\nLatin pugnō\nLatin impugnō\nFrom in- + pugnō (“fight, oppose”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "impugnō",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnāre",
"links": [
[
"impugnāre",
"impugnare"
]
],
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnāvī",
"links": [
[
"impugnāvī",
"impugnavi"
]
],
"tags": [
"active",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnātum",
"links": [
[
"impugnātum",
"impugnatum"
]
],
"tags": [
"supine"
]
},
{
"form": "conjugation-1",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnō",
"links": [
[
"impugnō",
"impugno#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnās",
"links": [
[
"impugnās",
"impugnas#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnat",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnāmus",
"links": [
[
"impugnāmus",
"impugnamus#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnātis",
"links": [
[
"impugnātis",
"impugnatis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnant",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnābam",
"links": [
[
"impugnābam",
"impugnabam#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnābās",
"links": [
[
"impugnābās",
"impugnabas#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnābat",
"links": [
[
"impugnābat",
"impugnabat#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnābāmus",
"links": [
[
"impugnābāmus",
"impugnabamus#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnābātis",
"links": [
[
"impugnābātis",
"impugnabatis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnābant",
"links": [
[
"impugnābant",
"impugnabant#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnābō",
"links": [
[
"impugnābō",
"impugnabo#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"future",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnābis",
"links": [
[
"impugnābis",
"impugnabis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"future",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnābit",
"links": [
[
"impugnābit",
"impugnabit#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"future",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnābimus",
"links": [
[
"impugnābimus",
"impugnabimus#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"future",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnābitis",
"links": [
[
"impugnābitis",
"impugnabitis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"future",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnābunt",
"links": [
[
"impugnābunt",
"impugnabunt#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"future",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnāvī",
"links": [
[
"impugnāvī",
"impugnavi#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnāvistī",
"links": [
[
"impugnāvistī",
"impugnavisti#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnāvit",
"links": [
[
"impugnāvit",
"impugnavit#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnāvimus",
"links": [
[
"impugnāvimus",
"impugnavimus#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnāvistis",
"links": [
[
"impugnāvistis",
"impugnavistis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnāvērunt",
"links": [
[
"impugnāvērunt",
"impugnaverunt#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnāvēre",
"links": [
[
"impugnāvēre",
"impugnavere#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnāveram",
"links": [
[
"impugnāveram",
"impugnaveram#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnāverās",
"links": [
[
"impugnāverās",
"impugnaveras#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnāverat",
"links": [
[
"impugnāverat",
"impugnaverat#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnāverāmus",
"links": [
[
"impugnāverāmus",
"impugnaveramus#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnāverātis",
"links": [
[
"impugnāverātis",
"impugnaveratis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnāverant",
"links": [
[
"impugnāverant",
"impugnaverant#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnāverō",
"links": [
[
"impugnāverō",
"impugnavero#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"future",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnāveris",
"links": [
[
"impugnāveris",
"impugnaveris#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"future",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnāverit",
"links": [
[
"impugnāverit",
"impugnaverit#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"future",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnāverimus",
"links": [
[
"impugnāverimus",
"impugnaverimus#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"future",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnāveritis",
"links": [
[
"impugnāveritis",
"impugnaveritis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"future",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnāverint",
"links": [
[
"impugnāverint",
"impugnaverint#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"future",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnor",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"passive",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnāris",
"links": [
[
"impugnāris",
"impugnaris#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"passive",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnāre",
"links": [
[
"impugnāre",
"impugnare#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"passive",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnātur",
"links": [
[
"impugnātur",
"impugnatur#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"passive",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnāmur",
"links": [
[
"impugnāmur",
"impugnamur#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"passive",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnāminī",
"links": [
[
"impugnāminī",
"impugnamini#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"passive",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnantur",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"passive",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnābar",
"links": [
[
"impugnābar",
"impugnabar#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"passive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnābāris",
"links": [
[
"impugnābāris",
"impugnabaris#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"passive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnābāre",
"links": [
[
"impugnābāre",
"impugnabare#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"passive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnābātur",
"links": [
[
"impugnābātur",
"impugnabatur#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"passive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnābāmur",
"links": [
[
"impugnābāmur",
"impugnabamur#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"passive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnābāminī",
"links": [
[
"impugnābāminī",
"impugnabamini#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"passive",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnābantur",
"links": [
[
"impugnābantur",
"impugnabantur#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"passive",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnābor",
"links": [
[
"impugnābor",
"impugnabor#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"indicative",
"passive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnāberis",
"links": [
[
"impugnāberis",
"impugnaberis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"passive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnābere",
"links": [
[
"impugnābere",
"impugnabere#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"passive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnābitur",
"links": [
[
"impugnābitur",
"impugnabitur#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"passive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnābimur",
"links": [
[
"impugnābimur",
"impugnabimur#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"indicative",
"passive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnābiminī",
"links": [
[
"impugnābiminī",
"impugnabimini#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"passive",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnābuntur",
"links": [
[
"impugnābuntur",
"impugnabuntur#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"passive",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnātus + present active indicative of sum",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"passive",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnātus + imperfect active indicative of sum",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"passive",
"pluperfect"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnātus + future active indicative of sum",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"passive",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnem",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnēs",
"links": [
[
"impugnēs",
"impugnes#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnet",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnēmus",
"links": [
[
"impugnēmus",
"impugnemus#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnētis",
"links": [
[
"impugnētis",
"impugnetis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnent",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnārem",
"links": [
[
"impugnārem",
"impugnarem#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnārēs",
"links": [
[
"impugnārēs",
"impugnares#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperfect",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnāret",
"links": [
[
"impugnāret",
"impugnaret#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnārēmus",
"links": [
[
"impugnārēmus",
"impugnaremus#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnārētis",
"links": [
[
"impugnārētis",
"impugnaretis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperfect",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnārent",
"links": [
[
"impugnārent",
"impugnarent#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnāverim",
"links": [
[
"impugnāverim",
"impugnaverim#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"perfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnāverīs",
"links": [
[
"impugnāverīs",
"impugnaveris#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"perfect",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnāverit",
"links": [
[
"impugnāverit",
"impugnaverit#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"perfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnāverīmus",
"links": [
[
"impugnāverīmus",
"impugnaverimus#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"perfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnāverītis",
"links": [
[
"impugnāverītis",
"impugnaveritis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"perfect",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnāverint",
"links": [
[
"impugnāverint",
"impugnaverint#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"perfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnāvissem",
"links": [
[
"impugnāvissem",
"impugnavissem#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"pluperfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnāvissēs",
"links": [
[
"impugnāvissēs",
"impugnavisses#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"pluperfect",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnāvisset",
"links": [
[
"impugnāvisset",
"impugnavisset#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"pluperfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnāvissēmus",
"links": [
[
"impugnāvissēmus",
"impugnavissemus#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnāvissētis",
"links": [
[
"impugnāvissētis",
"impugnavissetis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnāvissent",
"links": [
[
"impugnāvissent",
"impugnavissent#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "impugner",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"passive",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnēris",
"links": [
[
"impugnēris",
"impugneris#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnēre",
"links": [
[
"impugnēre",
"impugnere#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnētur",
"links": [
[
"impugnētur",
"impugnetur#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnēmur",
"links": [
[
"impugnēmur",
"impugnemur#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"passive",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnēminī",
"links": [
[
"impugnēminī",
"impugnemini#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnentur",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnārer",
"links": [
[
"impugnārer",
"impugnarer#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"passive",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnārēris",
"links": [
[
"impugnārēris",
"impugnareris#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"passive",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnārēre",
"links": [
[
"impugnārēre",
"impugnarere#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"passive",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnārētur",
"links": [
[
"impugnārētur",
"impugnaretur#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"passive",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnārēmur",
"links": [
[
"impugnārēmur",
"impugnaremur#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"passive",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnārēminī",
"links": [
[
"impugnārēminī",
"impugnaremini#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"passive",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnārentur",
"links": [
[
"impugnārentur",
"impugnarentur#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"passive",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnātus + present active subjunctive of sum",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive",
"perfect",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnātus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive",
"pluperfect",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnā",
"links": [
[
"impugnā",
"impugna#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnāte",
"links": [
[
"impugnāte",
"impugnate#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperative",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperative",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"future",
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnātō",
"links": [
[
"impugnātō",
"impugnato#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"future",
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnātō",
"links": [
[
"impugnātō",
"impugnato#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"future",
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"future",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnātōte",
"links": [
[
"impugnātōte",
"impugnatote#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"future",
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnantō",
"links": [
[
"impugnantō",
"impugnanto#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"future",
"imperative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"passive",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnāre",
"links": [
[
"impugnāre",
"impugnare#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"passive",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"passive",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"passive",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnāminī",
"links": [
[
"impugnāminī",
"impugnamini#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"passive",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"passive",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"imperative",
"passive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnātor",
"links": [
[
"impugnātor",
"impugnator#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"imperative",
"passive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnātor",
"links": [
[
"impugnātor",
"impugnator#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"imperative",
"passive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"imperative",
"passive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"imperative",
"passive",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnantor",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"imperative",
"passive",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnāre",
"links": [
[
"impugnāre",
"impugnare#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"infinitive",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnārī",
"links": [
[
"impugnārī",
"impugnari#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"passive",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnāns",
"links": [
[
"impugnāns",
"impugnans#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"passive",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnātūrum esse",
"links": [
[
"impugnātūrum",
"impugnaturum#Latin"
],
[
"esse",
"esse#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"future",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnātum īrī",
"links": [
[
"impugnātum",
"impugnatum#Latin"
],
[
"īrī",
"iri#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"infinitive",
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnātūrus",
"links": [
[
"impugnātūrus",
"impugnaturus#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"future",
"participle"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnandus",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"participle",
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnāvisse",
"links": [
[
"impugnāvisse",
"impugnavisse#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"infinitive",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnātum esse",
"links": [
[
"impugnātum",
"impugnatum#Latin"
],
[
"esse",
"esse#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"passive",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnātus",
"links": [
[
"impugnātus",
"impugnatus#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"passive",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"future",
"infinitive",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnātum fore",
"links": [
[
"impugnātum",
"impugnatum#Latin"
],
[
"fore",
"fore#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"infinitive",
"passive",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"future",
"participle",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"participle",
"passive",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnātūrum fuisse",
"links": [
[
"impugnātūrum",
"impugnaturum#Latin"
],
[
"fuisse",
"fuisse#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"infinitive",
"perfect",
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"passive",
"perfect",
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"perfect",
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"passive",
"perfect",
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnandī",
"links": [
[
"impugnandī",
"impugnandi#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"gerund",
"noun-from-verb"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnandō",
"links": [
[
"impugnandō",
"impugnando#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dative",
"gerund",
"noun-from-verb"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnandum",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"gerund",
"noun-from-verb"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnandō",
"links": [
[
"impugnandō",
"impugnando#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"gerund",
"noun-from-verb"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnātum",
"links": [
[
"impugnātum",
"impugnatum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"noun-from-verb",
"supine"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnātū",
"links": [
[
"impugnātū",
"impugnatu#Latin"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"noun-from-verb",
"supine"
]
},
{
"form": "inpugnō",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "1+",
"2": "impugnō"
},
"expansion": "impugnō (present infinitive impugnāre, perfect active impugnāvī, supine impugnātum); first conjugation",
"name": "la-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "1+",
"2": "impugnō"
},
"name": "la-conj"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"word": "impugnātiō"
},
{
"word": "impugnātor"
},
{
"word": "impugnātus"
},
{
"word": "pugnō"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to attack, fight against"
],
"links": [
[
"attack",
"attack"
],
[
"fight",
"fight"
]
],
"tags": [
"conjugation-1"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to impugn, assail"
],
"links": [
[
"impugn",
"impugn"
],
[
"assail",
"assail"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively) to impugn, assail"
],
"tags": [
"conjugation-1",
"figuratively"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ɪmˈpʊŋ.noː]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[imˈpuɲ.ɲo]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "impugno"
}
Download raw JSONL data for impugno meaning in Latin (30.5kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Latin dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-08-20 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-08-05 using wiktextract (872fc7b and 4deed51). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.