"gnatus" meaning in Latin

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "itc-pro",
        "3": "*gnātos",
        "t": "born; son"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Italic *gnātos (“born; son”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*ǵn̥h₁tós",
        "4": "",
        "5": "produced, given birth"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ǵn̥h₁tós (“produced, given birth”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*ǵenh₁-",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to produce, give birth, beget"
      },
      "expansion": "*ǵenh₁- (“to produce, give birth, beget”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "nāscor",
        "t": "to be born"
      },
      "expansion": "nāscor (“to be born”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "itc-pro",
        "2": "",
        "3": "*gnātos"
      },
      "expansion": "*gnātos",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "gignō",
        "t": "to bear; to beget; to engender"
      },
      "expansion": "gignō (“to bear; to beget; to engender”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "genitus"
      },
      "expansion": "genitus",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "genus",
        "t": "birth, origin, lineage, descent"
      },
      "expansion": "genus (“birth, origin, lineage, descent”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "prōgnātus"
      },
      "expansion": "prōgnātus",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "cognātus"
      },
      "expansion": "cognātus",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Italic *gnātos (“born; son”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵn̥h₁tós (“produced, given birth”), from *ǵenh₁- (“to produce, give birth, beget”). When used as a verb form, it functions as the perfect active participle of the deponent verb nāscor (“to be born”). The form *gnātos must have previously also served as the perfect passive participle of the transitive verb gignō (“to bear; to beget; to engender”), whose attested perfect passive participle genitus is a relatively recent replacement built by analogy to the stem of the perfect genuī. Continued association with the latter verb, and with other related words where initial /g/ was regularly retained due to a following vowel, such as genus (“birth, origin, lineage, descent”), could be part of the reason a spelling with gn- was used for this word for some time after regular sound change had generally replaced initial *gn- in Latin with n-. Another influence on the spelling could have been the medial -gn- found in related prefixed words such prōgnātus, cognātus. Alternatively, Köhm 1905 suggests that the relatively frequent occurrence of the noun after a possessive pronoun could have caused gn to be retained just as it was in word-internal position.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "gnātus",
      "tags": [
        "canonical",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnātī",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnāta",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "la-ndecl",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnātus",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnātī",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnātī",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnātōrum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnātō",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnātīs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnātum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnātōs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnātō",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnātīs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnāte",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnātī",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gnātus<2>",
        "f": "gnāta"
      },
      "expansion": "gnātus m (genitive gnātī, feminine gnāta); second declension",
      "name": "la-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gnātus<2>"
      },
      "name": "la-ndecl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Latin",
  "lang_code": "la",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "alt_of": [
        {
          "extra": "son",
          "word": "nātus"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latin links with redundant target parameters",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant target parameters",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "... spurn the citizen of the better name and cause / if he have a son at home or a fruitful wife.",
          "roman": "... fama civem causaque priorem / sperne, domi si gnatus erit fecundave coniux.",
          "text": "Horatius, Sermones 2.5.30-31 (c. 35 BC, tr. H. Fairclough)",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Archaic form of nātus (“son”)."
      ],
      "id": "en-gnatus-la-noun-yoR5eo3N",
      "links": [
        [
          "poetic",
          "poetic"
        ],
        [
          "nātus",
          "natus#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(chiefly poetic) Archaic form of nātus (“son”)."
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "fīlius"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "alt-of",
        "archaic",
        "declension-2",
        "poetic"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɡnaː.tus/",
      "tags": [
        "Classical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈŋnäːt̪ʊs̠]",
      "tags": [
        "Classical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɲa.tus/",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈɲäːt̪us]",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
    }
  ],
  "word": "gnatus"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "itc-pro",
        "3": "*gnātos",
        "t": "born; son"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Italic *gnātos (“born; son”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*ǵn̥h₁tós",
        "4": "",
        "5": "produced, given birth"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ǵn̥h₁tós (“produced, given birth”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*ǵenh₁-",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to produce, give birth, beget"
      },
      "expansion": "*ǵenh₁- (“to produce, give birth, beget”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "nāscor",
        "t": "to be born"
      },
      "expansion": "nāscor (“to be born”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "itc-pro",
        "2": "",
        "3": "*gnātos"
      },
      "expansion": "*gnātos",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "gignō",
        "t": "to bear; to beget; to engender"
      },
      "expansion": "gignō (“to bear; to beget; to engender”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "genitus"
      },
      "expansion": "genitus",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "genus",
        "t": "birth, origin, lineage, descent"
      },
      "expansion": "genus (“birth, origin, lineage, descent”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "prōgnātus"
      },
      "expansion": "prōgnātus",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "cognātus"
      },
      "expansion": "cognātus",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Italic *gnātos (“born; son”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵn̥h₁tós (“produced, given birth”), from *ǵenh₁- (“to produce, give birth, beget”). When used as a verb form, it functions as the perfect active participle of the deponent verb nāscor (“to be born”). The form *gnātos must have previously also served as the perfect passive participle of the transitive verb gignō (“to bear; to beget; to engender”), whose attested perfect passive participle genitus is a relatively recent replacement built by analogy to the stem of the perfect genuī. Continued association with the latter verb, and with other related words where initial /g/ was regularly retained due to a following vowel, such as genus (“birth, origin, lineage, descent”), could be part of the reason a spelling with gn- was used for this word for some time after regular sound change had generally replaced initial *gn- in Latin with n-. Another influence on the spelling could have been the medial -gn- found in related prefixed words such prōgnātus, cognātus. Alternatively, Köhm 1905 suggests that the relatively frequent occurrence of the noun after a possessive pronoun could have caused gn to be retained just as it was in word-internal position.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "gnātus",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnāta",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnātum",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "la-adecl",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnātus",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnāta",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnātum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnātī",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnātae",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnāta",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnātī",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnātae",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnātī",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnātōrum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnātārum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnātōrum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnātō",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnātae",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnātō",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnātīs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "masculine",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnātum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnātam",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnātum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnātōs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnātās",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnāta",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnātō",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnātā",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnātō",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnātīs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "feminine",
        "masculine",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnāte",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnāta",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnātum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnātī",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnātae",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnāta",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gnātus"
      },
      "expansion": "gnātus (feminine gnāta, neuter gnātum); first/second-declension participle",
      "name": "la-part"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gnātus"
      },
      "name": "la-adecl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Latin",
  "lang_code": "la",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latin links with redundant target parameters",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant target parameters",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "1912 translation by Henry Thomas Riley\nWhy, in fact, since I was born, I have never for a single day been ill. I'm neither mad, nor do I commence strifes or quarrels.",
          "ref": "c. 200 BCE, Plautus, Menaechmi 959",
          "text": "Nam equidem, postquam gnatus sum, numquam aegrotavi unum diem, neque ego insanio neque pugnas neque ego litis coepio."
        },
        {
          "english": "1916 translation by Paul Nixon\nNow here's the way it strikes me, Megadorus,—you're a rich man, a man of position: but as for me, I'm poor, awfully poor, dreadfully poor. Now if I was to marry off my daughter to you, it strikes me you'd be the ox and I'd be the donkey. When I was hitched up with you and couldn't pull my share of the load, down I'd drop, I, the donkey, in the mud; and you, the ox, wouldn't pay any more attention to me than if I'd never been born at all.",
          "ref": "c. 186 BCE, Plautus, Aulularia 231",
          "roman": "tu me bos magis haud respicias, gnatus quasi numquam siem.",
          "text": "Venit hoc mihi, Megadore, in mentem, ted esse hominem divitem,\nfactiosum, me autem esse hominem pauperum pauperrimum;\nnunc si filiam locassim meam tibi, in mentem venit\nte bovem esse et me esse asellum: ubi tecum coniunctus siem,\nubi onus nequeam ferre pariter, iaceam ego asinus in luto,"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Archaic form of nātus.",
        "born"
      ],
      "id": "en-gnatus-la-verb-L-zoK8Yw",
      "links": [
        [
          "nātus",
          "natus#Latin"
        ],
        [
          "born",
          "born"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-1",
        "declension-2",
        "participle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latin links with redundant target parameters",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant target parameters",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "14 27 42 18",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "16 20 46 19",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latin masculine nouns in the second declension",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "1912 translation by Henry Thomas Riley\nI confess that my father has very great wealth at home, and that I am born of a very noble family",
          "ref": "c. 200 BCE – 190 BCE, Plautus, Captivi 319",
          "roman": "meque summo genere gnatum",
          "text": "Ego patri meo esse fateor summas divitias domi"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Archaic form of nātus.",
        "(used with the noun genere, ablative of genus (“lineage, descent, stock”)) descended from, born to",
        "descended from, born to"
      ],
      "id": "en-gnatus-la-verb-TaFArGBk",
      "links": [
        [
          "nātus",
          "natus#Latin"
        ],
        [
          "genere",
          "genere#Latin"
        ],
        [
          "genus",
          "genus#Latin"
        ],
        [
          "descended",
          "descended"
        ],
        [
          "born",
          "born"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "Archaic form of nātus.",
        "(used with the noun genere, ablative of genus (“lineage, descent, stock”)) descended from, born to"
      ],
      "raw_tags": [
        "of genus (“lineage, descent, stock”)",
        "used with the noun genere"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "declension-1",
        "declension-2",
        "participle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latin links with redundant target parameters",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant target parameters",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "If we find out that any sixty-year-old, married or unmarried, whores around, we shall deal with him according to the following law",
          "ref": "c. 206 BCE – 188 BCE, Plautus, Mercator 1017",
          "roman": "2011 translation by Wolfgang de Melo",
          "text": "Annos gnatus sexaginta qui erit, si quem scibimus\nsi maritum sive hercle adeo caelibem scortarier\ncum eo nos hac lege agemus"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Archaic form of nātus.",
        "aged (having the age of); -old"
      ],
      "id": "en-gnatus-la-verb-DyCqqh6U",
      "links": [
        [
          "nātus",
          "natus#Latin"
        ],
        [
          "aged",
          "aged"
        ],
        [
          "-old",
          "old"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "Archaic form of nātus.",
        "(used with a phrase expressing age) aged (having the age of); -old"
      ],
      "raw_tags": [
        "used with a phrase expressing age"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-1",
        "declension-2",
        "participle"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɡnaː.tus/",
      "tags": [
        "Classical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈŋnäːt̪ʊs̠]",
      "tags": [
        "Classical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɲa.tus/",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈɲäːt̪us]",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
    }
  ],
  "word": "gnatus"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Latin 2-syllable words",
    "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
    "Latin first and second declension participles",
    "Latin lemmas",
    "Latin masculine nouns",
    "Latin masculine nouns in the second declension",
    "Latin non-lemma forms",
    "Latin nouns",
    "Latin participles",
    "Latin perfect participles",
    "Latin second declension nouns",
    "Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Latin terms derived from Proto-Italic",
    "Latin terms with IPA pronunciation"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "itc-pro",
        "3": "*gnātos",
        "t": "born; son"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Italic *gnātos (“born; son”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*ǵn̥h₁tós",
        "4": "",
        "5": "produced, given birth"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ǵn̥h₁tós (“produced, given birth”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*ǵenh₁-",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to produce, give birth, beget"
      },
      "expansion": "*ǵenh₁- (“to produce, give birth, beget”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "nāscor",
        "t": "to be born"
      },
      "expansion": "nāscor (“to be born”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "itc-pro",
        "2": "",
        "3": "*gnātos"
      },
      "expansion": "*gnātos",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "gignō",
        "t": "to bear; to beget; to engender"
      },
      "expansion": "gignō (“to bear; to beget; to engender”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "genitus"
      },
      "expansion": "genitus",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "genus",
        "t": "birth, origin, lineage, descent"
      },
      "expansion": "genus (“birth, origin, lineage, descent”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "prōgnātus"
      },
      "expansion": "prōgnātus",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "cognātus"
      },
      "expansion": "cognātus",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Italic *gnātos (“born; son”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵn̥h₁tós (“produced, given birth”), from *ǵenh₁- (“to produce, give birth, beget”). When used as a verb form, it functions as the perfect active participle of the deponent verb nāscor (“to be born”). The form *gnātos must have previously also served as the perfect passive participle of the transitive verb gignō (“to bear; to beget; to engender”), whose attested perfect passive participle genitus is a relatively recent replacement built by analogy to the stem of the perfect genuī. Continued association with the latter verb, and with other related words where initial /g/ was regularly retained due to a following vowel, such as genus (“birth, origin, lineage, descent”), could be part of the reason a spelling with gn- was used for this word for some time after regular sound change had generally replaced initial *gn- in Latin with n-. Another influence on the spelling could have been the medial -gn- found in related prefixed words such prōgnātus, cognātus. Alternatively, Köhm 1905 suggests that the relatively frequent occurrence of the noun after a possessive pronoun could have caused gn to be retained just as it was in word-internal position.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "gnātus",
      "tags": [
        "canonical",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnātī",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnāta",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "la-ndecl",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnātus",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnātī",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnātī",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnātōrum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnātō",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnātīs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnātum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnātōs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnātō",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnātīs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnāte",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnātī",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gnātus<2>",
        "f": "gnāta"
      },
      "expansion": "gnātus m (genitive gnātī, feminine gnāta); second declension",
      "name": "la-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gnātus<2>"
      },
      "name": "la-ndecl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Latin",
  "lang_code": "la",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "alt_of": [
        {
          "extra": "son",
          "word": "nātus"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        "Latin archaic forms",
        "Latin links with redundant target parameters",
        "Latin poetic terms",
        "Latin terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "... spurn the citizen of the better name and cause / if he have a son at home or a fruitful wife.",
          "roman": "... fama civem causaque priorem / sperne, domi si gnatus erit fecundave coniux.",
          "text": "Horatius, Sermones 2.5.30-31 (c. 35 BC, tr. H. Fairclough)",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Archaic form of nātus (“son”)."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "poetic",
          "poetic"
        ],
        [
          "nātus",
          "natus#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(chiefly poetic) Archaic form of nātus (“son”)."
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "fīlius"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "alt-of",
        "archaic",
        "declension-2",
        "poetic"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɡnaː.tus/",
      "tags": [
        "Classical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈŋnäːt̪ʊs̠]",
      "tags": [
        "Classical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɲa.tus/",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈɲäːt̪us]",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
    }
  ],
  "word": "gnatus"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Latin 2-syllable words",
    "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
    "Latin first and second declension participles",
    "Latin lemmas",
    "Latin masculine nouns",
    "Latin masculine nouns in the second declension",
    "Latin non-lemma forms",
    "Latin nouns",
    "Latin participles",
    "Latin perfect participles",
    "Latin second declension nouns",
    "Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Latin terms derived from Proto-Italic",
    "Latin terms with IPA pronunciation"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "itc-pro",
        "3": "*gnātos",
        "t": "born; son"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Italic *gnātos (“born; son”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*ǵn̥h₁tós",
        "4": "",
        "5": "produced, given birth"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ǵn̥h₁tós (“produced, given birth”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*ǵenh₁-",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to produce, give birth, beget"
      },
      "expansion": "*ǵenh₁- (“to produce, give birth, beget”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "nāscor",
        "t": "to be born"
      },
      "expansion": "nāscor (“to be born”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "itc-pro",
        "2": "",
        "3": "*gnātos"
      },
      "expansion": "*gnātos",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "gignō",
        "t": "to bear; to beget; to engender"
      },
      "expansion": "gignō (“to bear; to beget; to engender”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "genitus"
      },
      "expansion": "genitus",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "genus",
        "t": "birth, origin, lineage, descent"
      },
      "expansion": "genus (“birth, origin, lineage, descent”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "prōgnātus"
      },
      "expansion": "prōgnātus",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "cognātus"
      },
      "expansion": "cognātus",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Italic *gnātos (“born; son”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵn̥h₁tós (“produced, given birth”), from *ǵenh₁- (“to produce, give birth, beget”). When used as a verb form, it functions as the perfect active participle of the deponent verb nāscor (“to be born”). The form *gnātos must have previously also served as the perfect passive participle of the transitive verb gignō (“to bear; to beget; to engender”), whose attested perfect passive participle genitus is a relatively recent replacement built by analogy to the stem of the perfect genuī. Continued association with the latter verb, and with other related words where initial /g/ was regularly retained due to a following vowel, such as genus (“birth, origin, lineage, descent”), could be part of the reason a spelling with gn- was used for this word for some time after regular sound change had generally replaced initial *gn- in Latin with n-. Another influence on the spelling could have been the medial -gn- found in related prefixed words such prōgnātus, cognātus. Alternatively, Köhm 1905 suggests that the relatively frequent occurrence of the noun after a possessive pronoun could have caused gn to be retained just as it was in word-internal position.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "gnātus",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnāta",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnātum",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "la-adecl",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnātus",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnāta",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnātum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnātī",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnātae",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnāta",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnātī",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnātae",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnātī",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnātōrum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnātārum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnātōrum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnātō",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnātae",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnātō",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnātīs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "masculine",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnātum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnātam",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnātum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnātōs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnātās",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnāta",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnātō",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnātā",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnātō",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnātīs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "feminine",
        "masculine",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnāte",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnāta",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnātum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnātī",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnātae",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnāta",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gnātus"
      },
      "expansion": "gnātus (feminine gnāta, neuter gnātum); first/second-declension participle",
      "name": "la-part"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gnātus"
      },
      "name": "la-adecl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Latin",
  "lang_code": "la",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Latin archaic forms",
        "Latin links with redundant target parameters",
        "Latin terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "1912 translation by Henry Thomas Riley\nWhy, in fact, since I was born, I have never for a single day been ill. I'm neither mad, nor do I commence strifes or quarrels.",
          "ref": "c. 200 BCE, Plautus, Menaechmi 959",
          "text": "Nam equidem, postquam gnatus sum, numquam aegrotavi unum diem, neque ego insanio neque pugnas neque ego litis coepio."
        },
        {
          "english": "1916 translation by Paul Nixon\nNow here's the way it strikes me, Megadorus,—you're a rich man, a man of position: but as for me, I'm poor, awfully poor, dreadfully poor. Now if I was to marry off my daughter to you, it strikes me you'd be the ox and I'd be the donkey. When I was hitched up with you and couldn't pull my share of the load, down I'd drop, I, the donkey, in the mud; and you, the ox, wouldn't pay any more attention to me than if I'd never been born at all.",
          "ref": "c. 186 BCE, Plautus, Aulularia 231",
          "roman": "tu me bos magis haud respicias, gnatus quasi numquam siem.",
          "text": "Venit hoc mihi, Megadore, in mentem, ted esse hominem divitem,\nfactiosum, me autem esse hominem pauperum pauperrimum;\nnunc si filiam locassim meam tibi, in mentem venit\nte bovem esse et me esse asellum: ubi tecum coniunctus siem,\nubi onus nequeam ferre pariter, iaceam ego asinus in luto,"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Archaic form of nātus.",
        "born"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "nātus",
          "natus#Latin"
        ],
        [
          "born",
          "born"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-1",
        "declension-2",
        "participle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Latin archaic forms",
        "Latin links with redundant target parameters",
        "Latin terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "1912 translation by Henry Thomas Riley\nI confess that my father has very great wealth at home, and that I am born of a very noble family",
          "ref": "c. 200 BCE – 190 BCE, Plautus, Captivi 319",
          "roman": "meque summo genere gnatum",
          "text": "Ego patri meo esse fateor summas divitias domi"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Archaic form of nātus.",
        "(used with the noun genere, ablative of genus (“lineage, descent, stock”)) descended from, born to",
        "descended from, born to"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "nātus",
          "natus#Latin"
        ],
        [
          "genere",
          "genere#Latin"
        ],
        [
          "genus",
          "genus#Latin"
        ],
        [
          "descended",
          "descended"
        ],
        [
          "born",
          "born"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "Archaic form of nātus.",
        "(used with the noun genere, ablative of genus (“lineage, descent, stock”)) descended from, born to"
      ],
      "raw_tags": [
        "of genus (“lineage, descent, stock”)",
        "used with the noun genere"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "declension-1",
        "declension-2",
        "participle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Latin archaic forms",
        "Latin links with redundant target parameters",
        "Latin terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "If we find out that any sixty-year-old, married or unmarried, whores around, we shall deal with him according to the following law",
          "ref": "c. 206 BCE – 188 BCE, Plautus, Mercator 1017",
          "roman": "2011 translation by Wolfgang de Melo",
          "text": "Annos gnatus sexaginta qui erit, si quem scibimus\nsi maritum sive hercle adeo caelibem scortarier\ncum eo nos hac lege agemus"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Archaic form of nātus.",
        "aged (having the age of); -old"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "nātus",
          "natus#Latin"
        ],
        [
          "aged",
          "aged"
        ],
        [
          "-old",
          "old"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "Archaic form of nātus.",
        "(used with a phrase expressing age) aged (having the age of); -old"
      ],
      "raw_tags": [
        "used with a phrase expressing age"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-1",
        "declension-2",
        "participle"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɡnaː.tus/",
      "tags": [
        "Classical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈŋnäːt̪ʊs̠]",
      "tags": [
        "Classical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɲa.tus/",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈɲäːt̪us]",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
    }
  ],
  "word": "gnatus"
}