See catena in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Sardinian",
"lang_code": "sc",
"word": "cadena"
},
{
"lang": "Sardinian",
"lang_code": "sc",
"word": "carena"
},
{
"lang": "Sardinian",
"lang_code": "sc",
"word": "catena"
}
],
"lang": "Insular Romance",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Aromanian",
"lang_code": "rup",
"raw_tags": [
"inherited",
"uncertain"
],
"word": "cãtinã"
},
{
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"raw_tags": [
"inherited",
"uncertain"
],
"word": "cătină"
}
],
"lang": "Balkano-Romance",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Corsican",
"lang_code": "co",
"word": "catena"
},
{
"lang": "Dalmatian",
"lang_code": "dlm",
"word": "cataina"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "cadène"
},
{
"lang": "Aromanian",
"lang_code": "rup",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "cadenã"
},
{
"lang": "Aromanian",
"lang_code": "rup",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "catinã"
}
],
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"word": "catena"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "cadène"
},
{
"lang": "Aromanian",
"lang_code": "rup",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "cadenã"
},
{
"lang": "Aromanian",
"lang_code": "rup",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "catinã"
}
],
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"raw_tags": [
"northern"
],
"word": "cadena"
},
{
"lang": "Sicilian",
"lang_code": "scn",
"word": "catina"
},
{
"lang": "Venetan",
"lang_code": "vec",
"word": "cadéna"
},
{
"lang": "Venetan",
"lang_code": "vec",
"word": "caéna"
}
],
"lang": "Italo-Dalmatian",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Romansh",
"lang_code": "rm",
"word": "chadaina"
},
{
"lang": "Romansh",
"lang_code": "rm",
"word": "chadagna"
},
{
"lang": "Romansh",
"lang_code": "rm",
"word": "cadagna"
}
],
"lang": "Rhaeto-Romance",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Emilian",
"lang_code": "egl",
"word": "cadèna"
},
{
"lang": "Emilian",
"lang_code": "egl",
"word": "cadèina"
},
{
"lang": "Emilian",
"lang_code": "egl",
"word": "cadäṅna"
},
{
"lang": "Friulian",
"lang_code": "fur",
"word": "cjadene"
},
{
"lang": "Friulian",
"lang_code": "fur",
"word": "čhadene"
},
{
"lang": "Ligurian",
"lang_code": "lij",
"word": "caena"
},
{
"lang": "Ligurian",
"lang_code": "lij",
"word": "chen-a"
},
{
"lang": "Ligurian",
"lang_code": "lij",
"word": "cheina"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Ligurian",
"lang_code": "lij",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "cadeña"
},
{
"lang": "Piedmontese",
"lang_code": "pms",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "caden-a"
}
],
"lang": "Lombard",
"lang_code": "lmo",
"word": "cadena"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Ligurian",
"lang_code": "lij",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "cadeña"
},
{
"lang": "Piedmontese",
"lang_code": "pms",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "caden-a"
}
],
"lang": "Lombard",
"lang_code": "lmo",
"word": "cajena"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Ligurian",
"lang_code": "lij",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "cadeña"
},
{
"lang": "Piedmontese",
"lang_code": "pms",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "caden-a"
}
],
"lang": "Lombard",
"lang_code": "lmo",
"word": "caena"
},
{
"lang": "Piedmontese",
"lang_code": "pms",
"word": "chèina"
},
{
"lang": "Piedmontese",
"lang_code": "pms",
"word": "chen-a"
},
{
"lang": "Romagnol",
"lang_code": "rgn",
"word": "cadèina"
}
],
"lang": "Gallo-Italic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Franco-Provençal",
"lang_code": "frp",
"word": "chêna"
},
{
"lang": "Franco-Provençal",
"lang_code": "frp",
"word": "cheina"
},
{
"lang": "Franco-Provençal",
"lang_code": "frp",
"word": "chaena"
},
{
"lang": "Franco-Provençal",
"lang_code": "frp",
"word": "chana"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "chaîne"
}
],
"lang": "Middle French",
"lang_code": "frm",
"word": "chaisne"
},
{
"lang": "Norman",
"lang_code": "nrm",
"word": "caîne"
},
{
"lang": "Walloon",
"lang_code": "wa",
"word": "tchinne"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "chain"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "chainzie"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "cheen"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "chyne"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "cheyne"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"word": "chaeine"
}
],
"lang": "Northern Gallo-Romance",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"word": "cadena"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Auvergnat",
"lang_code": "oc",
"word": "chadena"
},
{
"lang": "Auvergnat",
"lang_code": "oc",
"word": "chaina"
},
{
"lang": "Gascon",
"lang_code": "oc",
"word": "cadea"
},
{
"lang": "Gascon",
"lang_code": "oc",
"word": "caina"
},
{
"lang": "Gascon",
"lang_code": "oc",
"word": "cadenha"
},
{
"lang": "Languedocien",
"lang_code": "oc",
"word": "cadena"
},
{
"lang": "Limousin",
"lang_code": "oc",
"word": "chadena"
},
{
"lang": "Provençal",
"lang_code": "oc",
"word": "cadena"
},
{
"lang": "Vivaro-Alpine",
"lang_code": "oc",
"word": "chadena"
},
{
"lang": "Vivaro-Alpine",
"lang_code": "oc",
"word": "chaina"
},
{
"lang": "Vivaro-Alpine",
"lang_code": "oc",
"word": "chaena"
},
{
"lang": "Vivaro-Alpine",
"lang_code": "oc",
"word": "cheina"
}
],
"lang": "Occitan",
"lang_code": "oc"
}
],
"lang": "Old Occitan",
"lang_code": "pro",
"word": "cadena"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Auvergnat",
"lang_code": "oc",
"word": "chadena"
},
{
"lang": "Auvergnat",
"lang_code": "oc",
"word": "chaina"
},
{
"lang": "Gascon",
"lang_code": "oc",
"word": "cadea"
},
{
"lang": "Gascon",
"lang_code": "oc",
"word": "caina"
},
{
"lang": "Gascon",
"lang_code": "oc",
"word": "cadenha"
},
{
"lang": "Languedocien",
"lang_code": "oc",
"word": "cadena"
},
{
"lang": "Limousin",
"lang_code": "oc",
"word": "chadena"
},
{
"lang": "Provençal",
"lang_code": "oc",
"word": "cadena"
},
{
"lang": "Vivaro-Alpine",
"lang_code": "oc",
"word": "chadena"
},
{
"lang": "Vivaro-Alpine",
"lang_code": "oc",
"word": "chaina"
},
{
"lang": "Vivaro-Alpine",
"lang_code": "oc",
"word": "chaena"
},
{
"lang": "Vivaro-Alpine",
"lang_code": "oc",
"word": "cheina"
}
],
"lang": "Occitan",
"lang_code": "oc"
}
],
"lang": "Old Occitan",
"lang_code": "pro",
"word": "cana"
}
],
"lang": "Southern Gallo-Romance",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Aragonese",
"lang_code": "an",
"word": "cadena"
},
{
"lang": "Asturian",
"lang_code": "ast",
"word": "cadena"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Fala",
"lang_code": "fax",
"word": "cadea"
},
{
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"word": "cadea"
},
{
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"word": "cadeia"
}
],
"lang": "Old Galician-Portuguese",
"lang_code": "roa-opt",
"word": "cadea"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Fala",
"lang_code": "fax",
"word": "cadea"
},
{
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"word": "cadea"
},
{
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"word": "cadeia"
}
],
"lang": "Old Galician-Portuguese",
"lang_code": "roa-opt",
"word": "cadẽa"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"word": "cadena"
}
],
"lang": "Old Spanish",
"lang_code": "osp",
"word": "cadena"
}
],
"lang": "Ibero-Romance",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Basque",
"lang_code": "eu",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "katea"
},
{
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "catena"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "catena"
},
{
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "catène"
},
{
"lang": "Interlingua",
"lang_code": "ia",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "catena"
},
{
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "catena"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Breton",
"lang_code": "br",
"word": "chadenn"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"word": "cadwyn"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Welsh",
"lang_code": "wlm",
"word": "cadwyn"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Brythonic",
"lang_code": "cel-bry-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "*kaduɨn"
},
{
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "*katinnjā"
},
{
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "catenă"
}
],
"lang": "Borrowings",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "itc-pro:*katesnā<id:chain>",
"id": "chain"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"catena\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }\" data-id=\"chain\" data-lang=\"la\" data-title=\"catena\" id=\"Latin:_chain\">",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*katesnā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *katesnā",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kat-",
"4": "",
"5": "to link or weave together; chain, net"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kat- (“to link or weave together; chain, net”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "ցանց",
"3": "",
"4": "casting-net"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian ցանց (cʻancʻ, “casting-net”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "qfa-sub"
},
"expansion": "substrate",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Italic *katesnā, further etymology unknown. Probably connected with caterva (“crowd”) and cassis (“hunting-net”).\nPokorny derives catēna, caterva, and cassis from Proto-Indo-European *kat- (“to link or weave together; chain, net”), with casa as another possible cognate.\nMartirosyan connects cassis and catēna with Old Armenian ցանց (cʻancʻ, “casting-net”) and derives all from a Mediterranean substrate.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "catēna",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "catēnae",
"links": [
[
"catēnae",
"catenae"
]
],
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "catēna",
"links": [
[
"catēna",
"catena#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "catēnae",
"links": [
[
"catēnae",
"catenae#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "catēnae",
"links": [
[
"catēnae",
"catenae#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "catēnārum",
"links": [
[
"catēnārum",
"catenarum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "catēnae",
"links": [
[
"catēnae",
"catenae#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "catēnīs",
"links": [
[
"catēnīs",
"catenis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "catēnam",
"links": [
[
"catēnam",
"catenam#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "catēnās",
"links": [
[
"catēnās",
"catenas#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "catēnā",
"links": [
[
"catēnā",
"catena#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "catēnīs",
"links": [
[
"catēnīs",
"catenis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "catēna",
"links": [
[
"catēna",
"catena#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "catēnae",
"links": [
[
"catēnae",
"catenae#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "catēna<1>"
},
"expansion": "catēna f (genitive catēnae); first declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "catēna<1>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries referencing missing etymons",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 5 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "catēlla"
},
{
"word": "catēnārius"
},
{
"word": "catēnātus"
},
{
"word": "catēnō"
},
{
"word": "catēnōsus"
},
{
"word": "catēnula"
}
],
"glosses": [
"chain"
],
"id": "en-catena-la-noun-lBSIax6~",
"links": [
[
"chain",
"chain"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-1"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[kaˈteː.na]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[kaˈtɛː.na]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "catena"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "catēlla"
},
{
"word": "catēnārius"
},
{
"word": "catēnātus"
},
{
"word": "catēnō"
},
{
"word": "catēnōsus"
},
{
"word": "catēnula"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Sardinian",
"lang_code": "sc",
"word": "cadena"
},
{
"lang": "Sardinian",
"lang_code": "sc",
"word": "carena"
},
{
"lang": "Sardinian",
"lang_code": "sc",
"word": "catena"
}
],
"lang": "Insular Romance",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Aromanian",
"lang_code": "rup",
"raw_tags": [
"inherited",
"uncertain"
],
"word": "cãtinã"
},
{
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"raw_tags": [
"inherited",
"uncertain"
],
"word": "cătină"
}
],
"lang": "Balkano-Romance",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Corsican",
"lang_code": "co",
"word": "catena"
},
{
"lang": "Dalmatian",
"lang_code": "dlm",
"word": "cataina"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "cadène"
},
{
"lang": "Aromanian",
"lang_code": "rup",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "cadenã"
},
{
"lang": "Aromanian",
"lang_code": "rup",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "catinã"
}
],
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"word": "catena"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "cadène"
},
{
"lang": "Aromanian",
"lang_code": "rup",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "cadenã"
},
{
"lang": "Aromanian",
"lang_code": "rup",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "catinã"
}
],
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"raw_tags": [
"northern"
],
"word": "cadena"
},
{
"lang": "Sicilian",
"lang_code": "scn",
"word": "catina"
},
{
"lang": "Venetan",
"lang_code": "vec",
"word": "cadéna"
},
{
"lang": "Venetan",
"lang_code": "vec",
"word": "caéna"
}
],
"lang": "Italo-Dalmatian",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Romansh",
"lang_code": "rm",
"word": "chadaina"
},
{
"lang": "Romansh",
"lang_code": "rm",
"word": "chadagna"
},
{
"lang": "Romansh",
"lang_code": "rm",
"word": "cadagna"
}
],
"lang": "Rhaeto-Romance",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Emilian",
"lang_code": "egl",
"word": "cadèna"
},
{
"lang": "Emilian",
"lang_code": "egl",
"word": "cadèina"
},
{
"lang": "Emilian",
"lang_code": "egl",
"word": "cadäṅna"
},
{
"lang": "Friulian",
"lang_code": "fur",
"word": "cjadene"
},
{
"lang": "Friulian",
"lang_code": "fur",
"word": "čhadene"
},
{
"lang": "Ligurian",
"lang_code": "lij",
"word": "caena"
},
{
"lang": "Ligurian",
"lang_code": "lij",
"word": "chen-a"
},
{
"lang": "Ligurian",
"lang_code": "lij",
"word": "cheina"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Ligurian",
"lang_code": "lij",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "cadeña"
},
{
"lang": "Piedmontese",
"lang_code": "pms",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "caden-a"
}
],
"lang": "Lombard",
"lang_code": "lmo",
"word": "cadena"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Ligurian",
"lang_code": "lij",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "cadeña"
},
{
"lang": "Piedmontese",
"lang_code": "pms",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "caden-a"
}
],
"lang": "Lombard",
"lang_code": "lmo",
"word": "cajena"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Ligurian",
"lang_code": "lij",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "cadeña"
},
{
"lang": "Piedmontese",
"lang_code": "pms",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "caden-a"
}
],
"lang": "Lombard",
"lang_code": "lmo",
"word": "caena"
},
{
"lang": "Piedmontese",
"lang_code": "pms",
"word": "chèina"
},
{
"lang": "Piedmontese",
"lang_code": "pms",
"word": "chen-a"
},
{
"lang": "Romagnol",
"lang_code": "rgn",
"word": "cadèina"
}
],
"lang": "Gallo-Italic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Franco-Provençal",
"lang_code": "frp",
"word": "chêna"
},
{
"lang": "Franco-Provençal",
"lang_code": "frp",
"word": "cheina"
},
{
"lang": "Franco-Provençal",
"lang_code": "frp",
"word": "chaena"
},
{
"lang": "Franco-Provençal",
"lang_code": "frp",
"word": "chana"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "chaîne"
}
],
"lang": "Middle French",
"lang_code": "frm",
"word": "chaisne"
},
{
"lang": "Norman",
"lang_code": "nrm",
"word": "caîne"
},
{
"lang": "Walloon",
"lang_code": "wa",
"word": "tchinne"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "chain"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "chainzie"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "cheen"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "chyne"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "cheyne"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"word": "chaeine"
}
],
"lang": "Northern Gallo-Romance",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"word": "cadena"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Auvergnat",
"lang_code": "oc",
"word": "chadena"
},
{
"lang": "Auvergnat",
"lang_code": "oc",
"word": "chaina"
},
{
"lang": "Gascon",
"lang_code": "oc",
"word": "cadea"
},
{
"lang": "Gascon",
"lang_code": "oc",
"word": "caina"
},
{
"lang": "Gascon",
"lang_code": "oc",
"word": "cadenha"
},
{
"lang": "Languedocien",
"lang_code": "oc",
"word": "cadena"
},
{
"lang": "Limousin",
"lang_code": "oc",
"word": "chadena"
},
{
"lang": "Provençal",
"lang_code": "oc",
"word": "cadena"
},
{
"lang": "Vivaro-Alpine",
"lang_code": "oc",
"word": "chadena"
},
{
"lang": "Vivaro-Alpine",
"lang_code": "oc",
"word": "chaina"
},
{
"lang": "Vivaro-Alpine",
"lang_code": "oc",
"word": "chaena"
},
{
"lang": "Vivaro-Alpine",
"lang_code": "oc",
"word": "cheina"
}
],
"lang": "Occitan",
"lang_code": "oc"
}
],
"lang": "Old Occitan",
"lang_code": "pro",
"word": "cadena"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Auvergnat",
"lang_code": "oc",
"word": "chadena"
},
{
"lang": "Auvergnat",
"lang_code": "oc",
"word": "chaina"
},
{
"lang": "Gascon",
"lang_code": "oc",
"word": "cadea"
},
{
"lang": "Gascon",
"lang_code": "oc",
"word": "caina"
},
{
"lang": "Gascon",
"lang_code": "oc",
"word": "cadenha"
},
{
"lang": "Languedocien",
"lang_code": "oc",
"word": "cadena"
},
{
"lang": "Limousin",
"lang_code": "oc",
"word": "chadena"
},
{
"lang": "Provençal",
"lang_code": "oc",
"word": "cadena"
},
{
"lang": "Vivaro-Alpine",
"lang_code": "oc",
"word": "chadena"
},
{
"lang": "Vivaro-Alpine",
"lang_code": "oc",
"word": "chaina"
},
{
"lang": "Vivaro-Alpine",
"lang_code": "oc",
"word": "chaena"
},
{
"lang": "Vivaro-Alpine",
"lang_code": "oc",
"word": "cheina"
}
],
"lang": "Occitan",
"lang_code": "oc"
}
],
"lang": "Old Occitan",
"lang_code": "pro",
"word": "cana"
}
],
"lang": "Southern Gallo-Romance",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Aragonese",
"lang_code": "an",
"word": "cadena"
},
{
"lang": "Asturian",
"lang_code": "ast",
"word": "cadena"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Fala",
"lang_code": "fax",
"word": "cadea"
},
{
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"word": "cadea"
},
{
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"word": "cadeia"
}
],
"lang": "Old Galician-Portuguese",
"lang_code": "roa-opt",
"word": "cadea"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Fala",
"lang_code": "fax",
"word": "cadea"
},
{
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"word": "cadea"
},
{
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"word": "cadeia"
}
],
"lang": "Old Galician-Portuguese",
"lang_code": "roa-opt",
"word": "cadẽa"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"word": "cadena"
}
],
"lang": "Old Spanish",
"lang_code": "osp",
"word": "cadena"
}
],
"lang": "Ibero-Romance",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Basque",
"lang_code": "eu",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "katea"
},
{
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "catena"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "catena"
},
{
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "catène"
},
{
"lang": "Interlingua",
"lang_code": "ia",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "catena"
},
{
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "catena"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Breton",
"lang_code": "br",
"word": "chadenn"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"word": "cadwyn"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Welsh",
"lang_code": "wlm",
"word": "cadwyn"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Brythonic",
"lang_code": "cel-bry-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "*kaduɨn"
},
{
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "*katinnjā"
},
{
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "catenă"
}
],
"lang": "Borrowings",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "itc-pro:*katesnā<id:chain>",
"id": "chain"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"catena\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }\" data-id=\"chain\" data-lang=\"la\" data-title=\"catena\" id=\"Latin:_chain\">",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*katesnā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *katesnā",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kat-",
"4": "",
"5": "to link or weave together; chain, net"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kat- (“to link or weave together; chain, net”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "ցանց",
"3": "",
"4": "casting-net"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian ցանց (cʻancʻ, “casting-net”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "qfa-sub"
},
"expansion": "substrate",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Italic *katesnā, further etymology unknown. Probably connected with caterva (“crowd”) and cassis (“hunting-net”).\nPokorny derives catēna, caterva, and cassis from Proto-Indo-European *kat- (“to link or weave together; chain, net”), with casa as another possible cognate.\nMartirosyan connects cassis and catēna with Old Armenian ցանց (cʻancʻ, “casting-net”) and derives all from a Mediterranean substrate.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "catēna",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "catēnae",
"links": [
[
"catēnae",
"catenae"
]
],
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "catēna",
"links": [
[
"catēna",
"catena#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "catēnae",
"links": [
[
"catēnae",
"catenae#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "catēnae",
"links": [
[
"catēnae",
"catenae#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "catēnārum",
"links": [
[
"catēnārum",
"catenarum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "catēnae",
"links": [
[
"catēnae",
"catenae#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "catēnīs",
"links": [
[
"catēnīs",
"catenis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "catēnam",
"links": [
[
"catēnam",
"catenam#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "catēnās",
"links": [
[
"catēnās",
"catenas#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "catēnā",
"links": [
[
"catēnā",
"catena#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "catēnīs",
"links": [
[
"catēnīs",
"catenis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "catēna",
"links": [
[
"catēna",
"catena#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "catēnae",
"links": [
[
"catēnae",
"catenae#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "catēna<1>"
},
"expansion": "catēna f (genitive catēnae); first declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "catēna<1>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Latin 3-syllable words",
"Latin entries referencing missing etymons",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin feminine nouns",
"Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
"Latin first declension nouns",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin nouns",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"Latin terms derived from substrate languages",
"Latin terms inherited from Proto-Italic",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"chain"
],
"links": [
[
"chain",
"chain"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-1"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[kaˈteː.na]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[kaˈtɛː.na]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "catena"
}
Download raw JSONL data for catena meaning in Latin (12.3kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Latin dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-06-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-06-01 using wiktextract (ade7ec3 and 7f4db16). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.