"catena" meaning in Latin

See catena in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: /kaˈteː.na/ [Classical-Latin], [käˈt̪eːnä] [Classical-Latin], /kaˈte.na/ (note: modern Italianate Ecclesiastical), [käˈt̪ɛːnä] (note: modern Italianate Ecclesiastical)
Etymology: From Proto-Italic *katesnā, further etymology unknown. Probably connected with caterva (“crowd”) and cassis (“hunting-net”). Pokorny derives catēna, caterva and cassis from Proto-Indo-European *kat- (“to link or weave together; chain, net”), with casa as another possible cognate. Martirosyan connects cassis and catēna with Old Armenian ցանց (cʻancʻ, “casting-net”) and derives all from a Mediterranean substrate. Etymology templates: {{etymon|la|inh|itc-pro>*katesnā>chain|id=chain}}, {{inh|la|itc-pro|*katesnā}} Proto-Italic *katesnā, {{der|la|ine-pro|*kat-||to link or weave together; chain, net}} Proto-Indo-European *kat- (“to link or weave together; chain, net”), {{cog|xcl|ցանց||casting-net}} Old Armenian ցանց (cʻancʻ, “casting-net”), {{der|la|qfa-sub}} substrate Head templates: {{la-noun|catēna<1>}} catēna f (genitive catēnae); first declension Inflection templates: {{la-ndecl|catēna<1>}} Forms: catēna [canonical, feminine], catēnae [genitive], no-table-tags [table-tags], catēna [nominative, singular], catēnae [nominative, plural], catēnae [genitive, singular], catēnārum [genitive, plural], catēnae [dative, singular], catēnīs [dative, plural], catēnam [accusative, singular], catēnās [accusative, plural], catēnā [ablative, singular], catēnīs [ablative, plural], catēna [singular, vocative], catēnae [plural, vocative]
  1. chain Tags: declension-1 Derived forms: catella, catēnārius, catēnātus, catēnō, catēnōsus, catēnula
{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Eastern Romance"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "rup",
            "2": "cãtinã",
            "unc": "1"
          },
          "expansion": ">? Aromanian: cãtinã",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": ">? Aromanian: cãtinã"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ro",
            "2": "cătină",
            "unc": "1"
          },
          "expansion": ">? Romanian: cătină",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": ">? Romanian: cătină"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "frp",
            "2": "chêna",
            "3": "cheina",
            "4": "chaena",
            "5": "chana"
          },
          "expansion": "Franco-Provençal: chêna, cheina, chaena, chana",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Franco-Provençal: chêna, cheina, chaena, chana"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Italo-Dalmatian"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "co",
            "2": "catena"
          },
          "expansion": "Corsican: catena",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Corsican: catena"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dlm",
            "2": "cataina"
          },
          "expansion": "Dalmatian: cataina",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Dalmatian: cataina"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "roa-oit",
            "2": "cadena"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Italian: cadena",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Italian: cadena"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "it",
            "2": "catena"
          },
          "expansion": "Italian: catena",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Italian: catena"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fr",
            "2": "cadène",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ French: cadène",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ French: cadène"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "rup",
            "2": "cadenã",
            "alts": "1",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Aromanian: cadenã, catinã",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Aromanian: cadenã, catinã"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "scn",
            "2": "catina"
          },
          "expansion": "Sicilian: catina",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Sicilian: catina"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Gallo-Italic"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "egl",
            "2": "cadèna",
            "3": "cadèina"
          },
          "expansion": "Emilian: cadèna, cadèina",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Emilian: cadèna, cadèina"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fur",
            "2": "cjadene",
            "3": "čhadene"
          },
          "expansion": "Friulian: cjadene, čhadene",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Friulian: cjadene, čhadene"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "lij",
            "2": "caena",
            "3": "chen-a",
            "4": "cheina"
          },
          "expansion": "Ligurian: caena, chen-a, cheina",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Ligurian: caena, chen-a, cheina"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "lmo",
            "2": "cadena",
            "3": "cajena",
            "4": "caena"
          },
          "expansion": "Lombard: cadena, cajena, caena",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Lombard: cadena, cajena, caena"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "lij",
            "2": "cadeña",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Ligurian: cadeña",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Ligurian: cadeña"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pms",
            "2": "caden-a",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Piedmontese: caden-a",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Piedmontese: caden-a"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pms",
            "2": "chèina",
            "3": "chen-a"
          },
          "expansion": "Piedmontese: chèina, chen-a",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Piedmontese: chèina, chen-a"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "rgn",
            "2": "cadèina"
          },
          "expansion": "Romagnol: cadèina",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Romagnol: cadèina"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fro",
            "2": "chaeine"
          },
          "expansion": "Old French: chaeine",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old French: chaeine"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "frm",
            "2": "chaisne"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle French: chaisne\nFrench: chaîne",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle French: chaisne\nFrench: chaîne"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nrf",
            "2": "caîne"
          },
          "expansion": "Norman: caîne",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Norman: caîne"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "wa",
            "2": "tchinne"
          },
          "expansion": "Walloon: tchinne",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Walloon: tchinne"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "enm",
            "2": "cheyne",
            "bor": "1",
            "noalts": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Middle English: cheyne\nEnglish: chain\nScots: cheen, chyne (obsolete chainzie)",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Middle English: cheyne\nEnglish: chain\nScots: cheen, chyne (obsolete chainzie)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pro",
            "2": "cadena",
            "3": "cana"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Occitan: cadena, cana",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Occitan: cadena, cana"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ca",
            "2": "cadena"
          },
          "expansion": "Catalan: cadena",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Catalan: cadena"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "oc",
            "2": "-"
          },
          "expansion": "Occitan:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Occitan:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "oc-auv",
            "2": "chadena"
          },
          "expansion": "Auvergnat: chadena",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Auvergnat: chadena, chaina"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "oc-gas",
            "2": "cadea"
          },
          "expansion": "Gascon: cadea",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Gascon: cadea, caina, cadenha"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "oc-lan",
            "2": "cadena"
          },
          "expansion": "Languedocien: cadena",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Languedocien: cadena"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "oc-lim",
            "2": "chadena"
          },
          "expansion": "Limousin: chadena",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Limousin: chadena"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "oc-pro",
            "2": "cadena"
          },
          "expansion": "Provençal: cadena",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Provençal: cadena"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "oc-viv",
            "2": "chadena"
          },
          "expansion": "Vivaro-Alpine: chadena",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Vivaro-Alpine: chadena, chaina, chaena, cheina"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Rhaeto-Romance"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "rm",
            "2": "chadaina",
            "3": "chadagna",
            "4": "cadagna"
          },
          "expansion": "Romansch: chadaina, chadagna, cadagna",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Romansch: chadaina, chadagna, cadagna"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sc",
            "2": "cadena",
            "3": "carena",
            "4": "catena"
          },
          "expansion": "Sardinian: cadena, carena, catena",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Sardinian: cadena, carena, catena"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "vec",
            "2": "cadéna",
            "3": "caéna"
          },
          "expansion": "Venetan: cadéna, caéna",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Venetan: cadéna, caéna"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "West Iberian"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "an",
            "2": "cadena"
          },
          "expansion": "Aragonese: cadena",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Aragonese: cadena"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ast",
            "2": "cadena"
          },
          "expansion": "Asturian: cadena",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Asturian: cadena"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "roa-opt",
            "2": "cadea"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Galician-Portuguese: cadea, cadẽa\nFala: cadea\nGalician: cadea\nPortuguese: cadeia",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Galician-Portuguese: cadea, cadẽa\nFala: cadea\nGalician: cadea\nPortuguese: cadeia"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "osp",
            "2": "cadena"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Spanish: cadena",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Spanish: cadena"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "es",
            "2": "cadena"
          },
          "expansion": "Spanish: cadena",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Spanish: cadena (see there for further descendants)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 0,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Borrowings"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "eu",
            "2": "katea",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Basque: katea",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Basque: katea"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cel-bry-pro",
            "2": "*kaduɨn",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Proto-Brythonic: *kaduɨn",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Proto-Brythonic: *kaduɨn"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "br",
            "2": "chadenn"
          },
          "expansion": "Breton: chadenn",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Breton: chadenn"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "wlm",
            "2": "cadwyn"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle Welsh: cadwyn",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle Welsh: cadwyn"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cy",
            "2": "cadwyn"
          },
          "expansion": "Welsh: cadwyn",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Welsh: cadwyn"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ca",
            "2": "catena",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Catalan: catena",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Catalan: catena"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fr",
            "2": "catène",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ French: catène",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ French: catène"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pt",
            "2": "catena",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Portuguese: catena",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Portuguese: catena"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ro",
            "2": "catenă",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Romanian: catenă",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Romanian: catenă"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmw-pro",
            "2": "*katinnjā",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Proto-West Germanic: *katinnjā",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Proto-West Germanic: *katinnjā (see there for further descendants)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "inh",
        "3": "itc-pro>*katesnā>chain",
        "id": "chain"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "etymon"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "itc-pro",
        "3": "*katesnā"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Italic *katesnā",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*kat-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to link or weave together; chain, net"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kat- (“to link or weave together; chain, net”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "xcl",
        "2": "ցանց",
        "3": "",
        "4": "casting-net"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Armenian ցանց (cʻancʻ, “casting-net”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "qfa-sub"
      },
      "expansion": "substrate",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Italic *katesnā, further etymology unknown. Probably connected with caterva (“crowd”) and cassis (“hunting-net”).\nPokorny derives catēna, caterva and cassis from Proto-Indo-European *kat- (“to link or weave together; chain, net”), with casa as another possible cognate.\nMartirosyan connects cassis and catēna with Old Armenian ցանց (cʻancʻ, “casting-net”) and derives all from a Mediterranean substrate.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "catēna",
      "tags": [
        "canonical",
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "catēnae",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "la-ndecl",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "catēna",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "catēnae",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "catēnae",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "catēnārum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "catēnae",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "catēnīs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "catēnam",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "catēnās",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "catēnā",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "catēnīs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "catēna",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "catēnae",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "catēna<1>"
      },
      "expansion": "catēna f (genitive catēnae); first declension",
      "name": "la-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "catēna<1>"
      },
      "name": "la-ndecl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Latin",
  "lang_code": "la",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latin entries referencing etymons with invalid IDs",
          "parents": [
            "Entries referencing etymons with invalid IDs",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 5 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "derived": [
        {
          "word": "catella"
        },
        {
          "word": "catēnārius"
        },
        {
          "word": "catēnātus"
        },
        {
          "word": "catēnō"
        },
        {
          "word": "catēnōsus"
        },
        {
          "word": "catēnula"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "chain"
      ],
      "id": "en-catena-la-noun-lBSIax6~",
      "links": [
        [
          "chain",
          "chain"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-1"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/kaˈteː.na/",
      "tags": [
        "Classical-Latin"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[käˈt̪eːnä]",
      "tags": [
        "Classical-Latin"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kaˈte.na/",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[käˈt̪ɛːnä]",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
    }
  ],
  "word": "catena"
}
{
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "catella"
    },
    {
      "word": "catēnārius"
    },
    {
      "word": "catēnātus"
    },
    {
      "word": "catēnō"
    },
    {
      "word": "catēnōsus"
    },
    {
      "word": "catēnula"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Eastern Romance"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "rup",
            "2": "cãtinã",
            "unc": "1"
          },
          "expansion": ">? Aromanian: cãtinã",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": ">? Aromanian: cãtinã"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ro",
            "2": "cătină",
            "unc": "1"
          },
          "expansion": ">? Romanian: cătină",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": ">? Romanian: cătină"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "frp",
            "2": "chêna",
            "3": "cheina",
            "4": "chaena",
            "5": "chana"
          },
          "expansion": "Franco-Provençal: chêna, cheina, chaena, chana",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Franco-Provençal: chêna, cheina, chaena, chana"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Italo-Dalmatian"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "co",
            "2": "catena"
          },
          "expansion": "Corsican: catena",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Corsican: catena"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dlm",
            "2": "cataina"
          },
          "expansion": "Dalmatian: cataina",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Dalmatian: cataina"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "roa-oit",
            "2": "cadena"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Italian: cadena",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Italian: cadena"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "it",
            "2": "catena"
          },
          "expansion": "Italian: catena",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Italian: catena"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fr",
            "2": "cadène",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ French: cadène",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ French: cadène"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "rup",
            "2": "cadenã",
            "alts": "1",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Aromanian: cadenã, catinã",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Aromanian: cadenã, catinã"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "scn",
            "2": "catina"
          },
          "expansion": "Sicilian: catina",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Sicilian: catina"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Gallo-Italic"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "egl",
            "2": "cadèna",
            "3": "cadèina"
          },
          "expansion": "Emilian: cadèna, cadèina",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Emilian: cadèna, cadèina"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fur",
            "2": "cjadene",
            "3": "čhadene"
          },
          "expansion": "Friulian: cjadene, čhadene",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Friulian: cjadene, čhadene"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "lij",
            "2": "caena",
            "3": "chen-a",
            "4": "cheina"
          },
          "expansion": "Ligurian: caena, chen-a, cheina",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Ligurian: caena, chen-a, cheina"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "lmo",
            "2": "cadena",
            "3": "cajena",
            "4": "caena"
          },
          "expansion": "Lombard: cadena, cajena, caena",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Lombard: cadena, cajena, caena"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "lij",
            "2": "cadeña",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Ligurian: cadeña",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Ligurian: cadeña"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pms",
            "2": "caden-a",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Piedmontese: caden-a",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Piedmontese: caden-a"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pms",
            "2": "chèina",
            "3": "chen-a"
          },
          "expansion": "Piedmontese: chèina, chen-a",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Piedmontese: chèina, chen-a"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "rgn",
            "2": "cadèina"
          },
          "expansion": "Romagnol: cadèina",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Romagnol: cadèina"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fro",
            "2": "chaeine"
          },
          "expansion": "Old French: chaeine",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old French: chaeine"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "frm",
            "2": "chaisne"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle French: chaisne\nFrench: chaîne",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle French: chaisne\nFrench: chaîne"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nrf",
            "2": "caîne"
          },
          "expansion": "Norman: caîne",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Norman: caîne"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "wa",
            "2": "tchinne"
          },
          "expansion": "Walloon: tchinne",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Walloon: tchinne"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "enm",
            "2": "cheyne",
            "bor": "1",
            "noalts": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Middle English: cheyne\nEnglish: chain\nScots: cheen, chyne (obsolete chainzie)",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Middle English: cheyne\nEnglish: chain\nScots: cheen, chyne (obsolete chainzie)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pro",
            "2": "cadena",
            "3": "cana"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Occitan: cadena, cana",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Occitan: cadena, cana"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ca",
            "2": "cadena"
          },
          "expansion": "Catalan: cadena",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Catalan: cadena"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "oc",
            "2": "-"
          },
          "expansion": "Occitan:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Occitan:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "oc-auv",
            "2": "chadena"
          },
          "expansion": "Auvergnat: chadena",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Auvergnat: chadena, chaina"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "oc-gas",
            "2": "cadea"
          },
          "expansion": "Gascon: cadea",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Gascon: cadea, caina, cadenha"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "oc-lan",
            "2": "cadena"
          },
          "expansion": "Languedocien: cadena",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Languedocien: cadena"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "oc-lim",
            "2": "chadena"
          },
          "expansion": "Limousin: chadena",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Limousin: chadena"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "oc-pro",
            "2": "cadena"
          },
          "expansion": "Provençal: cadena",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Provençal: cadena"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "oc-viv",
            "2": "chadena"
          },
          "expansion": "Vivaro-Alpine: chadena",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Vivaro-Alpine: chadena, chaina, chaena, cheina"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Rhaeto-Romance"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "rm",
            "2": "chadaina",
            "3": "chadagna",
            "4": "cadagna"
          },
          "expansion": "Romansch: chadaina, chadagna, cadagna",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Romansch: chadaina, chadagna, cadagna"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sc",
            "2": "cadena",
            "3": "carena",
            "4": "catena"
          },
          "expansion": "Sardinian: cadena, carena, catena",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Sardinian: cadena, carena, catena"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "vec",
            "2": "cadéna",
            "3": "caéna"
          },
          "expansion": "Venetan: cadéna, caéna",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Venetan: cadéna, caéna"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "West Iberian"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "an",
            "2": "cadena"
          },
          "expansion": "Aragonese: cadena",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Aragonese: cadena"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ast",
            "2": "cadena"
          },
          "expansion": "Asturian: cadena",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Asturian: cadena"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "roa-opt",
            "2": "cadea"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Galician-Portuguese: cadea, cadẽa\nFala: cadea\nGalician: cadea\nPortuguese: cadeia",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Galician-Portuguese: cadea, cadẽa\nFala: cadea\nGalician: cadea\nPortuguese: cadeia"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "osp",
            "2": "cadena"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Spanish: cadena",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Spanish: cadena"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "es",
            "2": "cadena"
          },
          "expansion": "Spanish: cadena",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Spanish: cadena (see there for further descendants)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 0,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Borrowings"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "eu",
            "2": "katea",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Basque: katea",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Basque: katea"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cel-bry-pro",
            "2": "*kaduɨn",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Proto-Brythonic: *kaduɨn",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Proto-Brythonic: *kaduɨn"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "br",
            "2": "chadenn"
          },
          "expansion": "Breton: chadenn",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Breton: chadenn"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "wlm",
            "2": "cadwyn"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle Welsh: cadwyn",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle Welsh: cadwyn"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cy",
            "2": "cadwyn"
          },
          "expansion": "Welsh: cadwyn",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Welsh: cadwyn"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ca",
            "2": "catena",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Catalan: catena",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Catalan: catena"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fr",
            "2": "catène",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ French: catène",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ French: catène"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pt",
            "2": "catena",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Portuguese: catena",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Portuguese: catena"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ro",
            "2": "catenă",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Romanian: catenă",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Romanian: catenă"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmw-pro",
            "2": "*katinnjā",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Proto-West Germanic: *katinnjā",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Proto-West Germanic: *katinnjā (see there for further descendants)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "inh",
        "3": "itc-pro>*katesnā>chain",
        "id": "chain"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "etymon"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "itc-pro",
        "3": "*katesnā"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Italic *katesnā",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*kat-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to link or weave together; chain, net"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kat- (“to link or weave together; chain, net”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "xcl",
        "2": "ցանց",
        "3": "",
        "4": "casting-net"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Armenian ցանց (cʻancʻ, “casting-net”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "qfa-sub"
      },
      "expansion": "substrate",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Italic *katesnā, further etymology unknown. Probably connected with caterva (“crowd”) and cassis (“hunting-net”).\nPokorny derives catēna, caterva and cassis from Proto-Indo-European *kat- (“to link or weave together; chain, net”), with casa as another possible cognate.\nMartirosyan connects cassis and catēna with Old Armenian ցանց (cʻancʻ, “casting-net”) and derives all from a Mediterranean substrate.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "catēna",
      "tags": [
        "canonical",
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "catēnae",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "la-ndecl",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "catēna",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "catēnae",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "catēnae",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "catēnārum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "catēnae",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "catēnīs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "catēnam",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "catēnās",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "catēnā",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "catēnīs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "catēna",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "catēnae",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "catēna<1>"
      },
      "expansion": "catēna f (genitive catēnae); first declension",
      "name": "la-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "catēna<1>"
      },
      "name": "la-ndecl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Latin",
  "lang_code": "la",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Latin 3-syllable words",
        "Latin entries referencing etymons with invalid IDs",
        "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
        "Latin feminine nouns",
        "Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
        "Latin first declension nouns",
        "Latin lemmas",
        "Latin nouns",
        "Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
        "Latin terms derived from Proto-Italic",
        "Latin terms derived from substrate languages",
        "Latin terms inherited from Proto-Italic",
        "Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
        "Pages with 5 entries",
        "Pages with entries"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "chain"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "chain",
          "chain"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-1"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/kaˈteː.na/",
      "tags": [
        "Classical-Latin"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[käˈt̪eːnä]",
      "tags": [
        "Classical-Latin"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kaˈte.na/",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[käˈt̪ɛːnä]",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
    }
  ],
  "word": "catena"
}

Download raw JSONL data for catena meaning in Latin (12.6kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Latin dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-11-21 using wiktextract (95d2be1 and 64224ec). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.