aratrum in Latin

IPA: [aˈraː.trũː] [Classical-Latin], [aˈraː.trum] (note: modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) [Show additional information ▼] [Hide additional information ▲]

Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *h₂erh₃- Proto-Indo-European *-tḗr Proto-Indo-European *-trom Proto-Indo-European *h₂érh₃trom Proto-Italic *aratrom ▲ Latin arōinflu. Latin arātrum From Proto-Indo-European *h₂érh₃trom (“plough, ard”) with with long /a/ by analogy with the related verb arō, -āre (“to plough”); the expected outcome would otherwise be **aratrum. According to the linguist Margaret M. T. Watmough, the remodeling perhaps occured when a series of vowel weakenings (i.e. *aratrom > *aretrum) had obfuscated the relation to the verb arō. Equivalent to arō (“to plough”) + -trum. Cognate with Ancient Greek ᾰ̓́ροτρον (ắrotron, “plough”), Old Armenian արաւր (arawr, “plough”), Welsh aradr (“plough”), Sanskrit अ॒रित्र॑ (arítra, “oar”). Etymology templates: {{etymon|la|:inh|itc-pro:*aratrom|:influence|arō|title=arātrum|tree=1}} Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *h₂erh₃- Proto-Indo-European *-tḗr Proto-Indo-European *-trom Proto-Indo-European *h₂érh₃trom Proto-Italic *aratrom ▲ Latin arōinflu. Latin arātrum [Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Italic", "term" : "*aratrom", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "itc-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" }, { "keyword_abbrev" : "influ.", "keyword_label" : "Influenced by", "terms" : [ { "children" : [ ], "lang_name" : "Latin", "term" : "arō", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "la" } ], "keyword" : "influence" } ], "lang_name" : "Latin", "term" : "arātrum", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "la" }" data-lang="la" data-title="arātrum">, {{root|la|ine-pro|*h₂erh₃-}}, {{der|la|ine-pro|*h₂érh₃trom||plough, ard}} Proto-Indo-European *h₂érh₃trom (“plough, ard”), {{ic|/a/}} /a/, {{eq|la|arō<t:to plough>|-trum}} Equivalent to arō (“to plough”) + -trum, {{cog|grc|ᾰ̓́ροτρον||plough}} Ancient Greek ᾰ̓́ροτρον (ắrotron, “plough”), {{cog|xcl|արօր|արաւր|plough}} Old Armenian արաւր (arawr, “plough”), {{cog|cy|aradr||plough}} Welsh aradr (“plough”), {{cog|sa|अ॒रित्र॑||oar}} Sanskrit अ॒रित्र॑ (arítra, “oar”) Head templates: {{la-noun|arātrum<2>}} arātrum n (genitive arātrī); second declension Inflection templates: {{la-ndecl|arātrum<2>}} Forms: arātrum [canonical, neuter], arātrī [genitive], no-table-tags [table-tags], arātrum [nominative, singular], arātra [nominative, plural], arātrī [genitive, singular], arātrōrum [genitive, plural], arātrō [dative, singular], arātrīs [dative, plural], arātrum [accusative, singular], arātra [accusative, plural], arātrō [ablative, singular], arātrīs [ablative, plural], arātrum [singular, vocative], arātra [plural, vocative], arāter [alternative]

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{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Aromanian",
          "lang_code": "rup",
          "word": "aratru"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Aromanian",
          "lang_code": "rup",
          "word": "arat"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Megleno-Romanian",
          "lang_code": "ruq",
          "word": "ărat"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Romanian",
          "lang_code": "ro",
          "word": "arat"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Balkano-Romance",
      "lang_code": "unknown"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Italian",
          "lang_code": "it",
          "word": "aratro"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Italian",
          "lang_code": "it",
          "tags": [
            "obsolete"
          ],
          "word": "arato"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Sicilian",
          "lang_code": "scn",
          "word": "aratu"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Italo-Romance",
      "lang_code": "unknown"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Catalan",
          "lang_code": "ca",
          "tags": [
            "obsolete"
          ],
          "word": "aradre"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Catalan",
          "lang_code": "ca",
          "word": "aladre"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Catalan",
          "lang_code": "ca",
          "word": "arada"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Franco-Provençal",
          "lang_code": "frp",
          "word": "arâro"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "French",
                  "lang_code": "fr",
                  "word": "araire"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Middle French",
              "lang_code": "frm",
              "raw_tags": [
                "borrowed"
              ],
              "word": "araire"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Occitan",
          "lang_code": "oc",
          "word": "araire"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Old French",
          "lang_code": "fro",
          "word": "arere"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Gallo-Romance",
      "lang_code": "unknown"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "Spanish",
              "lang_code": "es",
              "raw_tags": [
                "borrowed"
              ],
              "word": "aladro"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "unknown",
          "lang_code": "an"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Asturian",
          "lang_code": "ast",
          "word": "aladru"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Galician",
          "lang_code": "gl",
          "word": "arado"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "lang_code": "pt",
          "word": "arado"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "Sardinian",
                  "lang_code": "sc",
                  "raw_tags": [
                    "borrowed"
                  ],
                  "word": "aradu"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Spanish",
              "lang_code": "es",
              "word": "arado"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Old Spanish",
          "lang_code": "osp",
          "word": "aradro"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Ibero-Romance",
      "lang_code": "unknown"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": ":inh",
        "3": "itc-pro:*aratrom",
        "4": ":influence",
        "5": "arō",
        "title": "arātrum",
        "tree": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₂erh₃-\nProto-Indo-European *-tḗr\nProto-Indo-European *-trom\nProto-Indo-European *h₂érh₃trom\nProto-Italic *aratrom\n▲\nLatin arōinflu.\nLatin arātrum\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*aratrom\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" }, { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"influ.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Influenced by\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"arō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"influence\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"arātrum\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }\" data-lang=\"la\" data-title=\"arātrum\">",
      "name": "etymon"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*h₂erh₃-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*h₂érh₃trom",
        "4": "",
        "5": "plough, ard"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂érh₃trom (“plough, ard”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "/a/"
      },
      "expansion": "/a/",
      "name": "ic"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "arō<t:to plough>",
        "3": "-trum"
      },
      "expansion": "Equivalent to arō (“to plough”) + -trum",
      "name": "eq"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "ᾰ̓́ροτρον",
        "3": "",
        "4": "plough"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek ᾰ̓́ροτρον (ắrotron, “plough”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "xcl",
        "2": "արօր",
        "3": "արաւր",
        "4": "plough"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Armenian արաւր (arawr, “plough”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cy",
        "2": "aradr",
        "3": "",
        "4": "plough"
      },
      "expansion": "Welsh aradr (“plough”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "अ॒रित्र॑",
        "3": "",
        "4": "oar"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit अ॒रित्र॑ (arítra, “oar”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₂erh₃-\nProto-Indo-European *-tḗr\nProto-Indo-European *-trom\nProto-Indo-European *h₂érh₃trom\nProto-Italic *aratrom\n▲\nLatin arōinflu.\nLatin arātrum\nFrom Proto-Indo-European *h₂érh₃trom (“plough, ard”) with with long /a/ by analogy with the related verb arō, -āre (“to plough”); the expected outcome would otherwise be **aratrum. According to the linguist Margaret M. T. Watmough, the remodeling perhaps occured when a series of vowel weakenings (i.e. *aratrom > *aretrum) had obfuscated the relation to the verb arō.\nEquivalent to arō (“to plough”) + -trum. Cognate with Ancient Greek ᾰ̓́ροτρον (ắrotron, “plough”), Old Armenian արաւր (arawr, “plough”), Welsh aradr (“plough”), Sanskrit अ॒रित्र॑ (arítra, “oar”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "arātrum",
      "tags": [
        "canonical",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arātrī",
      "links": [
        [
          "arātrī",
          "aratri"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "la-ndecl",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arātrum",
      "links": [
        [
          "arātrum",
          "aratrum#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arātra",
      "links": [
        [
          "arātra",
          "aratra#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arātrī",
      "links": [
        [
          "arātrī",
          "aratri#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arātrōrum",
      "links": [
        [
          "arātrōrum",
          "aratrorum#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arātrō",
      "links": [
        [
          "arātrō",
          "aratro#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arātrīs",
      "links": [
        [
          "arātrīs",
          "aratris#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arātrum",
      "links": [
        [
          "arātrum",
          "aratrum#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arātra",
      "links": [
        [
          "arātra",
          "aratra#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arātrō",
      "links": [
        [
          "arātrō",
          "aratro#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arātrīs",
      "links": [
        [
          "arātrīs",
          "aratris#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arātrum",
      "links": [
        [
          "arātrum",
          "aratrum#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arātra",
      "links": [
        [
          "arātra",
          "aratra#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arāter",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "arātrum<2>"
      },
      "expansion": "arātrum n (genitive arātrī); second declension",
      "name": "la-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "arātrum<2>"
      },
      "name": "la-ndecl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Latin",
  "lang_code": "la",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latin entries with etymology trees",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latin entries with etymon",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latin neuter nouns in the second declension",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latin terms suffixed with -trum",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with etymology trees",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with etymon",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "la",
          "name": "Agriculture",
          "orig": "la:Agriculture",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "la",
          "name": "Tools",
          "orig": "la:Tools",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "derived": [
        {
          "word": "arātrō"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "8 CE, Ovidius, Fasti 5.497",
          "text": "tempus erat quō versa iugō referuntur arātra\nIt was the hour when [up]turned plows are being brought back by yoked [oxen]\n(“versa arātra”: i.e., plows somehow turned so that the plowshares are not in contact with the soil. See: Plough.)",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "plough or plow (a device pulled through the ground in order to break it open into furrows for planting)"
      ],
      "id": "en-aratrum-la-noun-uuR8oloI",
      "links": [
        [
          "plough",
          "plough"
        ],
        [
          "plow",
          "plow"
        ]
      ],
      "related": [
        {
          "word": "arātiō"
        },
        {
          "word": "arātiuncula"
        },
        {
          "word": "arātor"
        },
        {
          "word": "arātōrius"
        },
        {
          "word": "arātus"
        },
        {
          "word": "arō"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-2",
        "error-lua-timeout"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[aˈraː.trũː]",
      "tags": [
        "Classical-Latin"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[aˈraː.trum]",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
    }
  ],
  "word": "aratrum"
}

[Show JSON for raw wiktextract data ▼] [Hide JSON for raw wiktextract data ▲]

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "arātrō"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Aromanian",
          "lang_code": "rup",
          "word": "aratru"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Aromanian",
          "lang_code": "rup",
          "word": "arat"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Megleno-Romanian",
          "lang_code": "ruq",
          "word": "ărat"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Romanian",
          "lang_code": "ro",
          "word": "arat"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Balkano-Romance",
      "lang_code": "unknown"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Italian",
          "lang_code": "it",
          "word": "aratro"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Italian",
          "lang_code": "it",
          "tags": [
            "obsolete"
          ],
          "word": "arato"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Sicilian",
          "lang_code": "scn",
          "word": "aratu"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Italo-Romance",
      "lang_code": "unknown"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Catalan",
          "lang_code": "ca",
          "tags": [
            "obsolete"
          ],
          "word": "aradre"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Catalan",
          "lang_code": "ca",
          "word": "aladre"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Catalan",
          "lang_code": "ca",
          "word": "arada"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Franco-Provençal",
          "lang_code": "frp",
          "word": "arâro"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "French",
                  "lang_code": "fr",
                  "word": "araire"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Middle French",
              "lang_code": "frm",
              "raw_tags": [
                "borrowed"
              ],
              "word": "araire"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Occitan",
          "lang_code": "oc",
          "word": "araire"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Old French",
          "lang_code": "fro",
          "word": "arere"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Gallo-Romance",
      "lang_code": "unknown"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "Spanish",
              "lang_code": "es",
              "raw_tags": [
                "borrowed"
              ],
              "word": "aladro"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "unknown",
          "lang_code": "an"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Asturian",
          "lang_code": "ast",
          "word": "aladru"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Galician",
          "lang_code": "gl",
          "word": "arado"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "lang_code": "pt",
          "word": "arado"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "Sardinian",
                  "lang_code": "sc",
                  "raw_tags": [
                    "borrowed"
                  ],
                  "word": "aradu"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Spanish",
              "lang_code": "es",
              "word": "arado"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Old Spanish",
          "lang_code": "osp",
          "word": "aradro"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Ibero-Romance",
      "lang_code": "unknown"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": ":inh",
        "3": "itc-pro:*aratrom",
        "4": ":influence",
        "5": "arō",
        "title": "arātrum",
        "tree": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₂erh₃-\nProto-Indo-European *-tḗr\nProto-Indo-European *-trom\nProto-Indo-European *h₂érh₃trom\nProto-Italic *aratrom\n▲\nLatin arōinflu.\nLatin arātrum\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*aratrom\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" }, { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"influ.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Influenced by\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"arō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"influence\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"arātrum\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }\" data-lang=\"la\" data-title=\"arātrum\">",
      "name": "etymon"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*h₂erh₃-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*h₂érh₃trom",
        "4": "",
        "5": "plough, ard"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂érh₃trom (“plough, ard”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "/a/"
      },
      "expansion": "/a/",
      "name": "ic"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "arō<t:to plough>",
        "3": "-trum"
      },
      "expansion": "Equivalent to arō (“to plough”) + -trum",
      "name": "eq"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "ᾰ̓́ροτρον",
        "3": "",
        "4": "plough"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek ᾰ̓́ροτρον (ắrotron, “plough”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "xcl",
        "2": "արօր",
        "3": "արաւր",
        "4": "plough"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Armenian արաւր (arawr, “plough”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cy",
        "2": "aradr",
        "3": "",
        "4": "plough"
      },
      "expansion": "Welsh aradr (“plough”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "अ॒रित्र॑",
        "3": "",
        "4": "oar"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit अ॒रित्र॑ (arítra, “oar”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₂erh₃-\nProto-Indo-European *-tḗr\nProto-Indo-European *-trom\nProto-Indo-European *h₂érh₃trom\nProto-Italic *aratrom\n▲\nLatin arōinflu.\nLatin arātrum\nFrom Proto-Indo-European *h₂érh₃trom (“plough, ard”) with with long /a/ by analogy with the related verb arō, -āre (“to plough”); the expected outcome would otherwise be **aratrum. According to the linguist Margaret M. T. Watmough, the remodeling perhaps occured when a series of vowel weakenings (i.e. *aratrom > *aretrum) had obfuscated the relation to the verb arō.\nEquivalent to arō (“to plough”) + -trum. Cognate with Ancient Greek ᾰ̓́ροτρον (ắrotron, “plough”), Old Armenian արաւր (arawr, “plough”), Welsh aradr (“plough”), Sanskrit अ॒रित्र॑ (arítra, “oar”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "arātrum",
      "tags": [
        "canonical",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arātrī",
      "links": [
        [
          "arātrī",
          "aratri"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "la-ndecl",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arātrum",
      "links": [
        [
          "arātrum",
          "aratrum#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arātra",
      "links": [
        [
          "arātra",
          "aratra#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arātrī",
      "links": [
        [
          "arātrī",
          "aratri#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arātrōrum",
      "links": [
        [
          "arātrōrum",
          "aratrorum#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arātrō",
      "links": [
        [
          "arātrō",
          "aratro#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arātrīs",
      "links": [
        [
          "arātrīs",
          "aratris#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arātrum",
      "links": [
        [
          "arātrum",
          "aratrum#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arātra",
      "links": [
        [
          "arātra",
          "aratra#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arātrō",
      "links": [
        [
          "arātrō",
          "aratro#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arātrīs",
      "links": [
        [
          "arātrīs",
          "aratris#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arātrum",
      "links": [
        [
          "arātrum",
          "aratrum#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arātra",
      "links": [
        [
          "arātra",
          "aratra#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arāter",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "arātrum<2>"
      },
      "expansion": "arātrum n (genitive arātrī); second declension",
      "name": "la-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "arātrum<2>"
      },
      "name": "la-ndecl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Latin",
  "lang_code": "la",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "arātiō"
    },
    {
      "word": "arātiuncula"
    },
    {
      "word": "arātor"
    },
    {
      "word": "arātōrius"
    },
    {
      "word": "arātus"
    },
    {
      "word": "arō"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Latin 3-syllable words",
        "Latin entries with etymology trees",
        "Latin entries with etymon",
        "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
        "Latin lemmas",
        "Latin neuter nouns",
        "Latin neuter nouns in the second declension",
        "Latin nouns",
        "Latin second declension nouns",
        "Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
        "Latin terms derived from Proto-Italic",
        "Latin terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂erh₃-",
        "Latin terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
        "Latin terms inherited from Proto-Italic",
        "Latin terms suffixed with -trum",
        "Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
        "Latin terms with quotations",
        "Pages using etymon with no ID",
        "Pages with 1 entry",
        "Pages with entries",
        "Pages with etymology trees",
        "Pages with etymon",
        "la:Agriculture",
        "la:Tools"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "8 CE, Ovidius, Fasti 5.497",
          "text": "tempus erat quō versa iugō referuntur arātra\nIt was the hour when [up]turned plows are being brought back by yoked [oxen]\n(“versa arātra”: i.e., plows somehow turned so that the plowshares are not in contact with the soil. See: Plough.)",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "plough or plow (a device pulled through the ground in order to break it open into furrows for planting)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "plough",
          "plough"
        ],
        [
          "plow",
          "plow"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-2",
        "error-lua-timeout"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[aˈraː.trũː]",
      "tags": [
        "Classical-Latin"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[aˈraː.trum]",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
    }
  ],
  "word": "aratrum"
}

[Show JSON error data ▼] [Hide JSON error data ▲]

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  "subsection": "noun",
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}

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  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "aratrum",
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}

{
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  "path": [
    "aratrum",
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    "#invoke"
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  "section": "Latin",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "aratrum",
  "trace": "[string \"<python>\"]:197: Lua timeout error"
}

{
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  "path": [
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  "section": "Latin",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "aratrum",
  "trace": "<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html lang=\"en\">\n<meta charset=\"utf-8\">\n<title>Wikimedia Error</title>\n<style>\n* { margin: 0; padding: 0; }\nbody { background: #fff; font: 15px/1.6 sans-serif; color: #333; }\n.content { margin: 7% auto 0; padding: 2em 1em 1em; max-width: 640px; display: flex; flex-direction: row; flex-wrap: wrap; }\n.footer { clear: both; margin-top: 14%; border-top: 1px solid #e5e5e5; background: #f9f9f9; padding: 2em 0; font-size: 0.8em; text-align: center; }\nimg { margin: 0 2em 2em 0; }\na img { border: 0; }\nh1 { margin-top: 1em; font-size: 1.2em; }\n.content-text { flex: 1; }\np { margin: 0.7em 0 1em 0; }\na { color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; }\na:hover { text-decoration: underline; }\ncode { font-family: sans-serif; }\nsummary { font-weight: bold; cursor: pointer; }\ndetails[open] { background: #970302; color: #dfdedd; }\n.text-muted { color: #777; }\n@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {\n  a { color: #9e9eff; }\n  body { background: transparent; color: #ddd; }\n  .footer { border-top: 1px solid #444; background: #060606; }\n  #logo { filter: invert(1) hue-rotate(180deg); }\n  .text-muted { color: #888; }\n}\n</style>\n<meta name=\"color-scheme\" content=\"light dark\">\n<div class=\"content\" role=\"main\">\n<a href=\"https://www.wikimedia.org\"><img id=\"logo\" src=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo.png\" srcset=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo-2x.png 2x\" alt=\"Wikimedia\" width=\"135\" height=\"101\">\n</a>\n<div class=\"content-text\">\n<h1>Error</h1>\n\n<p>Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81)</p>\n</div>\n</div>\n<div class=\"footer\"><p>If you report this error to the Wikimedia System Administrators, please include the details below.</p><p class=\"text-muted\"><code>Request served via cp3073 cp3073, Varnish XID 425701325<br>Upstream caches: cp3073 int<br>Error: 429, Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81) at Fri, 18 Sep 2026 04:08:29 GMT<br><details><summary>Sensitive client information</summary>IP address: 91.207.79.37</details></code></p>\n</div>\n</html>\n"
}

{
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  "path": [
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  "section": "Latin",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "aratrum",
  "trace": "<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html lang=\"en\">\n<meta charset=\"utf-8\">\n<title>Wikimedia Error</title>\n<style>\n* { margin: 0; padding: 0; }\nbody { background: #fff; font: 15px/1.6 sans-serif; color: #333; }\n.content { margin: 7% auto 0; padding: 2em 1em 1em; max-width: 640px; display: flex; flex-direction: row; flex-wrap: wrap; }\n.footer { clear: both; margin-top: 14%; border-top: 1px solid #e5e5e5; background: #f9f9f9; padding: 2em 0; font-size: 0.8em; text-align: center; }\nimg { margin: 0 2em 2em 0; }\na img { border: 0; }\nh1 { margin-top: 1em; font-size: 1.2em; }\n.content-text { flex: 1; }\np { margin: 0.7em 0 1em 0; }\na { color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; }\na:hover { text-decoration: underline; }\ncode { font-family: sans-serif; }\nsummary { font-weight: bold; cursor: pointer; }\ndetails[open] { background: #970302; color: #dfdedd; }\n.text-muted { color: #777; }\n@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {\n  a { color: #9e9eff; }\n  body { background: transparent; color: #ddd; }\n  .footer { border-top: 1px solid #444; background: #060606; }\n  #logo { filter: invert(1) hue-rotate(180deg); }\n  .text-muted { color: #888; }\n}\n</style>\n<meta name=\"color-scheme\" content=\"light dark\">\n<div class=\"content\" role=\"main\">\n<a href=\"https://www.wikimedia.org\"><img id=\"logo\" src=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo.png\" srcset=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo-2x.png 2x\" alt=\"Wikimedia\" width=\"135\" height=\"101\">\n</a>\n<div class=\"content-text\">\n<h1>Error</h1>\n\n<p>Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81)</p>\n</div>\n</div>\n<div class=\"footer\"><p>If you report this error to the Wikimedia System Administrators, please include the details below.</p><p class=\"text-muted\"><code>Request served via cp3073 cp3073, Varnish XID 489723476<br>Upstream caches: cp3073 int<br>Error: 429, Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81) at Fri, 18 Sep 2026 04:09:24 GMT<br><details><summary>Sensitive client information</summary>IP address: 91.207.79.37</details></code></p>\n</div>\n</html>\n"
}

{
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  "path": [
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  "section": "Latin",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "aratrum",
  "trace": "[string \"<python>\"]:197: Lua timeout error"
}

"aratrum" meaning in Latin

Noun