-io

-iō (canonical feminine)
-iōnis (genitive)
-iō (nominative singular)
-iōnēs (nominative plural)
-iōnis (genitive singular)
-iōnum (genitive plural)
-iōnī (dative singular)
-iōnibus (dative plural)
-iōnem (accusative singular)
-iōnēs (accusative plural)
-iōne (ablative singular)
-iōnibus (ablative plural)
-iō (singular vocative)
-iōnēs (plural vocative)


-io

Suffixed to noun or adjective stems, forms various nouns designating persons that are characterized by or related to the base word, such as nicknames or names of professions.

Suffixed to noun or adjective stems, forms certain nouns designating things; often described as a kind of diminutive.

-iō (canonical masculine)
-iōnis (genitive)
-iō (nominative singular)
-iōnēs (nominative plural)
-iōnis (genitive singular)
-iōnum (genitive plural)
-iōnī (dative singular)
-iōnibus (dative plural)
-iōnem (accusative singular)
-iōnēs (accusative plural)
-iōne (ablative singular)
-iōnibus (ablative plural)
-iō (singular vocative)
-iōnēs (plural vocative)

Extension of -ō (possibly by rebracketing).


-io

Used to form factitive verbs from adjectives.

-iō (canonical)
-iāre (infinitive present)
-iāvī (active perfect)
-iātum (supine)
-iō (active first-person indicative present singular)
-iās (active indicative present second-person singular)
-iat (active indicative present singular third-person)
-iāmus (active first-person indicative plural present)
-iātis (active indicative plural present second-person)
-iant (active indicative plural present third-person)
-iābam (active first-person imperfect indicative singular)
-iābās (active imperfect indicative second-person singular)
-iābat (active imperfect indicative singular third-person)
-iābāmus (active first-person imperfect indicative plural)
-iābātis (active imperfect indicative plural second-person)
-iābant (active imperfect indicative plural third-person)
-iābō (active first-person future indicative singular)
-iābis (active future indicative second-person singular)
-iābit (active future indicative singular third-person)
-iābimus (active first-person future indicative plural)
-iābitis (active future indicative plural second-person)
-iābunt (active future indicative plural third-person)
-iāvī (active first-person indicative perfect singular)
-iāvistī (active indicative perfect second-person singular)
-iāvit (active indicative perfect singular third-person)
-iāvimus (active first-person indicative perfect plural)
-iāvistis (active indicative perfect plural second-person)
-iāvērunt (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
-iāvēre (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
-iāveram (active first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
-iāverās (active indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
-iāverat (active indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
-iāverāmus (active first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
-iāverātis (active indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
-iāverant (active indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
-iāverō (active first-person future indicative perfect singular)
-iāveris (active future indicative perfect second-person singular)
-iāverit (active future indicative perfect singular third-person)
-iāverimus (active first-person future indicative perfect plural)
-iāveritis (active future indicative perfect plural second-person)
-iāverint (active future indicative perfect plural third-person)
-iāssō (active first-person future sigmatic singular)
-iāssis (active future second-person sigmatic singular)
-iāssit (active future sigmatic singular third-person)
-iāssimus (active first-person future plural sigmatic)
-iāssitis (active future plural second-person sigmatic)
-iāssint (active future plural sigmatic third-person)
-ior (first-person indicative passive present singular)
-iāris (indicative passive present second-person singular)
-iāre (indicative passive present second-person singular)
-iātur (indicative passive present singular third-person)
-iāmur (first-person indicative passive plural present)
-iāminī (indicative passive plural present second-person)
-iantur (indicative passive plural present third-person)
-iābar (first-person imperfect indicative passive singular)
-iābāris (imperfect indicative passive second-person singular)
-iābāre (imperfect indicative passive second-person singular)
-iābātur (imperfect indicative passive singular third-person)
-iābāmur (first-person imperfect indicative passive plural)
-iābāminī (imperfect indicative passive plural second-person)
-iābantur (imperfect indicative passive plural third-person)
-iābor (first-person future indicative passive singular)
-iāberis (future indicative passive second-person singular)
-iābere (future indicative passive second-person singular)
-iābitur (future indicative passive singular third-person)
-iābimur (first-person future indicative passive plural)
-iābiminī (future indicative passive plural second-person)
-iābuntur (future indicative passive plural third-person)
-iāssor (first-person future passive sigmatic singular)
-iāsseris (future passive second-person sigmatic singular)
-iāssitur (future passive sigmatic singular third-person)
-iem (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
-iēs (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
-iet (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
-iēmus (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
-iētis (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
-ient (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
-iārem (active first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
-iārēs (active imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
-iāret (active imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
-iārēmus (active first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
-iārētis (active imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
-iārent (active imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
-iāverim (active first-person perfect singular subjunctive)
-iāverīs (active perfect second-person singular subjunctive)
-iāverit (active perfect singular subjunctive third-person)
-iāverīmus (active first-person perfect plural subjunctive)
-iāverītis (active perfect plural second-person subjunctive)
-iāverint (active perfect plural subjunctive third-person)
-iāvissem (active first-person pluperfect singular subjunctive)
-iāvissēs (active pluperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
-iāvisset (active pluperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
-iāvissēmus (active first-person pluperfect plural subjunctive)
-iāvissētis (active pluperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
-iāvissent (active pluperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
-iāssim (active aorist first-person sigmatic singular)
-iāssīs (active aorist second-person sigmatic singular)
-iāssīt (active aorist sigmatic singular third-person)
-iāssīmus (active aorist first-person plural sigmatic)
-iāssītis (active aorist plural second-person sigmatic)
-iāssint (active aorist plural sigmatic third-person)
-ier (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
-iēris (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
-iēre (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
-iētur (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
-iēmur (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
-iēminī (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
-ientur (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
-iārer (first-person imperfect passive singular subjunctive)
-iārēris (imperfect passive second-person singular subjunctive)
-iārēre (imperfect passive second-person singular subjunctive)
-iārētur (imperfect passive singular subjunctive third-person)
-iārēmur (first-person imperfect passive plural subjunctive)
-iārēminī (imperfect passive plural second-person subjunctive)
-iārentur (imperfect passive plural subjunctive third-person)
-iā (active imperative present second-person singular)
-iāte (active imperative plural present second-person)
-iātō (active future imperative second-person singular)
-iātō (active future imperative singular third-person)
-iātōte (active future imperative plural second-person)
-iantō (active future imperative plural third-person)
-iāre (imperative passive present second-person singular)
-iāminī (imperative passive plural present second-person)
-iātor (future imperative passive second-person singular)
-iātor (future imperative passive singular third-person)
-iantor (future imperative passive plural third-person)
-iāre (active imperative infinitive present)
-iāvisse (active imperative infinitive perfect)
-iātūrum esse (active future imperative infinitive)
-iārī (imperative infinitive passive present)
-iārier (imperative infinitive passive present)
-iātum esse (imperative infinitive passive perfect)
-iātum īrī (future imperative infinitive passive)
-iāns (active imperative participle present)
-iātūrus (active future imperative participle)
-iātus (imperative participle passive perfect)
-iandus (future imperative participle passive)
-iandī (genitive gerund noun-from-verb)
-iandō (dative gerund noun-from-verb)
-iandum (accusative gerund noun-from-verb)
-iandō (ablative gerund noun-from-verb)
-iātum (accusative noun-from-verb supine)
-iātū (ablative noun-from-verb supine)

From -i-ō. Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *-yeti.


-io

Used to form some irregular third conjugation verbs.

-iō (canonical)
-ere (infinitive present)
-ī (active perfect)
-um (supine)
-iō (active first-person indicative present singular)
-is (active indicative present second-person singular)
-it (active indicative present singular third-person)
-imus (active first-person indicative plural present)
-itis (active indicative plural present second-person)
-iunt (active indicative plural present third-person)
-iēbam (active first-person imperfect indicative singular)
-iēbās (active imperfect indicative second-person singular)
-iēbat (active imperfect indicative singular third-person)
-iēbāmus (active first-person imperfect indicative plural)
-iēbātis (active imperfect indicative plural second-person)
-iēbant (active imperfect indicative plural third-person)
-iam (active first-person future indicative singular)
-iēs (active future indicative second-person singular)
-iet (active future indicative singular third-person)
-iēmus (active first-person future indicative plural)
-iētis (active future indicative plural second-person)
-ient (active future indicative plural third-person)
-ī (active first-person indicative perfect singular)
-istī (active indicative perfect second-person singular)
-it (active indicative perfect singular third-person)
-imus (active first-person indicative perfect plural)
-istis (active indicative perfect plural second-person)
-ērunt (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
-ēre (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
-eram (active first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
-erās (active indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
-erat (active indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
-erāmus (active first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
-erātis (active indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
-erant (active indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
-erō (active first-person future indicative perfect singular)
-eris (active future indicative perfect second-person singular)
-erit (active future indicative perfect singular third-person)
-erimus (active first-person future indicative perfect plural)
-eritis (active future indicative perfect plural second-person)
-erint (active future indicative perfect plural third-person)
-ō (active first-person future sigmatic singular)
-is (active future second-person sigmatic singular)
-it (active future sigmatic singular third-person)
-imus (active first-person future plural sigmatic)
-itis (active future plural second-person sigmatic)
-int (active future plural sigmatic third-person)
-ior (first-person indicative passive present singular)
-eris (indicative passive present second-person singular)
-ere (indicative passive present second-person singular)
-itur (indicative passive present singular third-person)
-imur (first-person indicative passive plural present)
-iminī (indicative passive plural present second-person)
-iuntur (indicative passive plural present third-person)
-iēbar (first-person imperfect indicative passive singular)
-iēbāris (imperfect indicative passive second-person singular)
-iēbāre (imperfect indicative passive second-person singular)
-iēbātur (imperfect indicative passive singular third-person)
-iēbāmur (first-person imperfect indicative passive plural)
-iēbāminī (imperfect indicative passive plural second-person)
-iēbantur (imperfect indicative passive plural third-person)
-iar (first-person future indicative passive singular)
-iēris (future indicative passive second-person singular)
-iēre (future indicative passive second-person singular)
-iētur (future indicative passive singular third-person)
-iēmur (first-person future indicative passive plural)
-iēminī (future indicative passive plural second-person)
-ientur (future indicative passive plural third-person)
-us + present active indicative of sum (indicative passive perfect)
-us + future active indicative of sum (future indicative passive perfect)
-or (first-person future passive sigmatic singular)
-eris (future passive second-person sigmatic singular)
-itur (future passive sigmatic singular third-person)
-iam (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
-iās (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
-iat (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
-iāmus (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
-iātis (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
-iant (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
-erem (active first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
-erēs (active imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
-eret (active imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
-erēmus (active first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
-erētis (active imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
-erent (active imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
-erim (active first-person perfect singular subjunctive)
-erīs (active perfect second-person singular subjunctive)
-erit (active perfect singular subjunctive third-person)
-erīmus (active first-person perfect plural subjunctive)
-erītis (active perfect plural second-person subjunctive)
-erint (active perfect plural subjunctive third-person)
-issem (active first-person pluperfect singular subjunctive)
-issēs (active pluperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
-isset (active pluperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
-issēmus (active first-person pluperfect plural subjunctive)
-issētis (active pluperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
-issent (active pluperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
-im (active aorist first-person sigmatic singular)
-īs (active aorist second-person sigmatic singular)
-īt (active aorist sigmatic singular third-person)
-īmus (active aorist first-person plural sigmatic)
-ītis (active aorist plural second-person sigmatic)
-int (active aorist plural sigmatic third-person)
-iar (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
-iāris (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
-iāre (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
-iātur (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
-iāmur (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
-iāminī (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
-iantur (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
-erer (first-person imperfect passive singular subjunctive)
-erēris (imperfect passive second-person singular subjunctive)
-erēre (imperfect passive second-person singular subjunctive)
-erētur (imperfect passive singular subjunctive third-person)
-erēmur (first-person imperfect passive plural subjunctive)
-erēminī (imperfect passive plural second-person subjunctive)
-erentur (imperfect passive plural subjunctive third-person)
-us + present active subjunctive of sum (passive perfect subjunctive)
-e (active imperative present second-person singular)
-ite (active imperative plural present second-person)
-itō (active future imperative second-person singular)
-itō (active future imperative singular third-person)
-itōte (active future imperative plural second-person)
-iuntō (active future imperative plural third-person)
-ere (imperative passive present second-person singular)
-iminī (imperative passive plural present second-person)
-itor (future imperative passive second-person singular)
-itor (future imperative passive singular third-person)
-iuntor (future imperative passive plural third-person)
-ere (active imperative infinitive present)
-isse (active imperative infinitive perfect)
-ūrum esse (active future imperative infinitive)
-ī (imperative infinitive passive present)
-um esse (imperative infinitive passive perfect)
-um īrī (future imperative infinitive passive)
-iēns (active imperative participle present)
-ūrus (active future imperative participle)
-us (imperative participle passive perfect)
-iendus (future imperative participle passive)
-iundus (future imperative participle passive)
-iendī (genitive gerund noun-from-verb)
-iendō (dative gerund noun-from-verb)
-iendum (accusative gerund noun-from-verb)
-iendō (ablative gerund noun-from-verb)
-um (accusative noun-from-verb supine)
-ū (ablative noun-from-verb supine)

From Proto-Italic *-jō, from Proto-Indo-European -yé-ti (first person singular: *-yóh₂) after a consonant.


-io

-iō (canonical)
-īre (infinitive present)
-īvī (active perfect)
-ītum (supine)
-iō (active first-person indicative present singular)
-īs (active indicative present second-person singular)
-it (active indicative present singular third-person)
-īmus (active first-person indicative plural present)
-ītis (active indicative plural present second-person)
-iunt (active indicative plural present third-person)
-iēbam (active first-person imperfect indicative singular)
-iēbās (active imperfect indicative second-person singular)
-iēbat (active imperfect indicative singular third-person)
-iēbāmus (active first-person imperfect indicative plural)
-iēbātis (active imperfect indicative plural second-person)
-iēbant (active imperfect indicative plural third-person)
-iam (active first-person future indicative singular)
-iēs (active future indicative second-person singular)
-iet (active future indicative singular third-person)
-iēmus (active first-person future indicative plural)
-iētis (active future indicative plural second-person)
-ient (active future indicative plural third-person)
-īvī (active first-person indicative perfect singular)
-iī (active first-person indicative perfect singular)
-īvistī (active indicative perfect second-person singular)
-iistī (active indicative perfect second-person singular)
-īvit (active indicative perfect singular third-person)
-iit (active indicative perfect singular third-person)
-īvimus (active first-person indicative perfect plural)
-iimus (active first-person indicative perfect plural)
-īvistis (active indicative perfect plural second-person)
-iistis (active indicative perfect plural second-person)
-īvērunt (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
-īvēre (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
-iērunt (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
-iēre (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
-īveram (active first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
-ieram (active first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
-īverās (active indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
-ierās (active indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
-īverat (active indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
-ierat (active indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
-īverāmus (active first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
-ierāmus (active first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
-īverātis (active indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
-ierātis (active indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
-īverant (active indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
-ierant (active indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
-īverō (active first-person future indicative perfect singular)
-ierō (active first-person future indicative perfect singular)
-īveris (active future indicative perfect second-person singular)
-ieris (active future indicative perfect second-person singular)
-īverit (active future indicative perfect singular third-person)
-ierit (active future indicative perfect singular third-person)
-īverimus (active first-person future indicative perfect plural)
-ierimus (active first-person future indicative perfect plural)
-īveritis (active future indicative perfect plural second-person)
-ieritis (active future indicative perfect plural second-person)
-īverint (active future indicative perfect plural third-person)
-ierint (active future indicative perfect plural third-person)
-īssō (active first-person future sigmatic singular)
-īssis (active future second-person sigmatic singular)
-īssit (active future sigmatic singular third-person)
-īssimus (active first-person future plural sigmatic)
-īssitis (active future plural second-person sigmatic)
-īssint (active future plural sigmatic third-person)
-ior (first-person indicative passive present singular)
-īris (indicative passive present second-person singular)
-īre (indicative passive present second-person singular)
-ītur (indicative passive present singular third-person)
-īmur (first-person indicative passive plural present)
-īminī (indicative passive plural present second-person)
-iuntur (indicative passive plural present third-person)
-iēbar (first-person imperfect indicative passive singular)
-iēbāris (imperfect indicative passive second-person singular)
-iēbāre (imperfect indicative passive second-person singular)
-iēbātur (imperfect indicative passive singular third-person)
-iēbāmur (first-person imperfect indicative passive plural)
-iēbāminī (imperfect indicative passive plural second-person)
-iēbantur (imperfect indicative passive plural third-person)
-iar (first-person future indicative passive singular)
-iēris (future indicative passive second-person singular)
-iēre (future indicative passive second-person singular)
-iētur (future indicative passive singular third-person)
-iēmur (first-person future indicative passive plural)
-iēminī (future indicative passive plural second-person)
-ientur (future indicative passive plural third-person)
-ītus + future active indicative of sum (future indicative passive perfect)
-iam (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
-iās (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
-iat (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
-iāmus (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
-iātis (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
-iant (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
-īrem (active first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
-īrēs (active imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
-īret (active imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
-īrēmus (active first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
-īrētis (active imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
-īrent (active imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
-īverim (active first-person perfect singular subjunctive)
-ierim (active first-person perfect singular subjunctive)
-īverīs (active perfect second-person singular subjunctive)
-ierīs (active perfect second-person singular subjunctive)
-īverit (active perfect singular subjunctive third-person)
-ierit (active perfect singular subjunctive third-person)
-īverīmus (active first-person perfect plural subjunctive)
-ierīmus (active first-person perfect plural subjunctive)
-īverītis (active perfect plural second-person subjunctive)
-ierītis (active perfect plural second-person subjunctive)
-īverint (active perfect plural subjunctive third-person)
-ierint (active perfect plural subjunctive third-person)
-īvissem (active first-person pluperfect singular subjunctive)
-iissem (active first-person pluperfect singular subjunctive)
-īvissēs (active pluperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
-iissēs (active pluperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
-īvisset (active pluperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
-iisset (active pluperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
-īvissēmus (active first-person pluperfect plural subjunctive)
-iissēmus (active first-person pluperfect plural subjunctive)
-īvissētis (active pluperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
-iissētis (active pluperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
-īvissent (active pluperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
-iissent (active pluperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
-īssim (active aorist first-person sigmatic singular)
-īssīs (active aorist second-person sigmatic singular)
-īssīt (active aorist sigmatic singular third-person)
-īssīmus (active aorist first-person plural sigmatic)
-īssītis (active aorist plural second-person sigmatic)
-īssint (active aorist plural sigmatic third-person)
-iar (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
-iāris (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
-iāre (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
-iātur (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
-iāmur (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
-iāminī (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
-iantur (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
-īrer (first-person imperfect passive singular subjunctive)
-īrēris (imperfect passive second-person singular subjunctive)
-īrēre (imperfect passive second-person singular subjunctive)
-īrētur (imperfect passive singular subjunctive third-person)
-īrēmur (first-person imperfect passive plural subjunctive)
-īrēminī (imperfect passive plural second-person subjunctive)
-īrentur (imperfect passive plural subjunctive third-person)
-ī (active imperative present second-person singular)
-īte (active imperative plural present second-person)
-ītō (active future imperative second-person singular)
-ītō (active future imperative singular third-person)
-ītōte (active future imperative plural second-person)
-iuntō (active future imperative plural third-person)
-īre (imperative passive present second-person singular)
-īminī (imperative passive plural present second-person)
-ītor (future imperative passive second-person singular)
-ītor (future imperative passive singular third-person)
-iuntor (future imperative passive plural third-person)
-īre (active imperative infinitive present)
-īvisse (active imperative infinitive perfect)
-iisse (active imperative infinitive perfect)
-ītūrum esse (active future imperative infinitive)
-īrī (imperative infinitive passive present)
-ītum esse (imperative infinitive passive perfect)
-ītum īrī (future imperative infinitive passive)
-iēns (active imperative participle present)
-ītūrus (active future imperative participle)
-ītus (imperative participle passive perfect)
-iendus (future imperative participle passive)
-iundus (future imperative participle passive)
-iendī (genitive gerund noun-from-verb)
-iendō (dative gerund noun-from-verb)
-iendum (accusative gerund noun-from-verb)
-iendō (ablative gerund noun-from-verb)
-ītum (accusative noun-from-verb supine)
-ītū (ablative noun-from-verb supine)

Asturian: -ir

Catalan: -ir

Friulian: -î

Galician: -ir

Italian: -ire

Occitan: -ir

Old French: -ir

French: -ir

Portuguese: -ir

Romanian: -i

Spanish: -ir

Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *-yéti (denominative suffix). The question of how it came to be differentiated from third-conjugation -iō, -ere is still debated. Vine 2012 derives denominatives such as serviō from *serw-e-yé/ó- (with the thematic vowel *-e- before the suffix), proposing that unaccented Proto-Indo-European *-e- came to be assimilated in Italic to an immediately following *-y-. Alternative explanations include an Italic version of Sievers's law (that is, a prosodically conditioned development of postconsonantal *-y-* to *-iy- in certain contexts) or combination of the suffix with stems ending in *-i-. Some verbs may be derived from backformation from adjectives ending in -ītus, such as igniō, whose finite forms are attested later than ignītus (“fiery, glowing”).