cerium

la-noun

cērium n (genitive cēriī or cērī); second declension

cērium (canonical neuter)
cēriī (genitive)
cērī (genitive)
cērium (nominative singular)
cēria (nominative plural)
cēriī (genitive singular)
cērī (genitive singular)
cēriōrum (genitive plural)
cēriō (dative singular)
cēriīs (dative plural)
cērium (accusative singular)
cēria (accusative plural)
cēriō (ablative singular)
cēriīs (ablative plural)
cērium (singular vocative)
cēria (plural vocative)


syphilis

syphilis f (genitive syphilidis); third declension

syphilidis (genitive)
syphilis (nominative singular)
syphilidēs (nominative plural)
syphilidis (genitive singular)
syphilidum (genitive plural)
syphilidī (dative singular)
syphilidibus (dative plural)
syphilidem (accusative singular)
syphilidēs (accusative plural)
syphilide (ablative singular)
syphilidibus (ablative plural)
syphilis (singular vocative)
syphilidēs (plural vocative)

First used in 1530 by Girolamo Fracastoro, from the name of a mythical first sufferer of the disease, Syphilus.


cancer

cancer m (genitive cancrī); second declension

cancrī (genitive)
cancer (nominative singular)
cancrī (nominative plural)
cancrī (genitive singular)
cancrōrum (genitive plural)
cancrō (dative singular)
cancrīs (dative plural)
cancrum (accusative singular)
cancrōs (accusative plural)
cancrō (ablative singular)
cancrīs (ablative plural)
cancer (singular vocative)
cancrī (plural vocative)

desc

Asturian: cáncanu, cancru, cangru (“crab louse”)

→ Old English: cancer

Middle English: canker

English: canker

→ Irish: cancar

→ Welsh: cancr

Old French: chancre

desctree

Middle French: chancre
French: chancre
→ English: chancre
Norman: chancre

Walloon: crantche

Friulian: cancar (from a dialectal variant *cáncaro),
 granç (via Late Latin cancrus)

desc

Galician: cáncaro, cángaro, cancro, cangrio

→ Middle Irish: cainncer

q

Italian: granchio (via metathesis of Late Latin cancrulus > *cranclus)

Old Occitan:

Catalan: cranc, carranc

Occitan: cranc

Portuguese: carango (“crab louse”)

Sicilian: garanciu

→ Maltese: granċ

Old Spanish: cangro

desctree

⇒ Spanish: cangrejo
→ Asturian: cangrexu
→ Galician: cangrexo, caranguexo
→ Portuguese: caranguejo

Venetan: cancaro (from a dialectal variant *cáncaro), granso (via Late Latin cancrus)

→ Proto-Brythonic: *krank

Asturian: cáncer

Catalan: càncer

English: cancer

French: cancer
→ Romanian: cancer
→ Turkish: kanser
, cancre

Middle Dutch: canker

Dutch: kanker
Afrikaans: kanker
→ Caribbean Javanese: kangker
→ Indonesian: kanker
→ Minangkabau: kangker
→ Papiamentu: kanker

Italian: cancro

Norman: cancèr

Occitan: càncer

Portuguese: cancro, câncer

Spanish: cáncer, cancro

Walloon: cancer

From Proto-Italic *kankros, dissimilation of Proto-Italic *karkros (“enclosure”) (because the pincers of a crab form a circle), from Proto-Indo-European *kr-kr- (“circular”), reduplication of Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to turn, bend”) in the sense of "enclosure", and as such a doublet of carcer. Cognate with curvus. The medical sense, found in Celsus, seems likely to be a calque of Ancient Greek καρκίνος (karkínos, “crab; ulcer; cancer”), which is possibly cognate.


pestis

la-noun

pestis f (genitive pestis); third declension

pestis (genitive)
pestis (nominative singular)
pestēs (nominative plural)
pestis (genitive singular)
pestium (genitive plural)
pestī (dative singular)
pestibus (dative plural)
pestem (accusative singular)
pestēs (accusative plural)
pestīs (accusative plural)
peste (ablative singular)
pestibus (ablative plural)
pestis (singular vocative)
pestēs (plural vocative)

Catalan: pesta

→ Hungarian: pestis

→ Italian: peste

→ Middle French: peste

French: peste

→ Danish: pest

→ German: Pest

→ Norwegian: pest

→ Romanian: pestă

→ Swedish: pest

→ Dutch: pest

→ English: pest

→ Portuguese: peste

→ Spanish: peste

→ Cebuano: pisti

[ˈpɛs̠t̪ɪs̠]

Of uncertain origin. Equated with a supposed second element of Younger Avestan 𐬐𐬀𐬞𐬀𐬯𐬙𐬌𐬱 (kapastiš), the name of an illness, which beside ka-pastiš has its morphological boundaries also rendered kap-astiš and been identified with Persian کبست (kabast, “colocynth; deadly poison”), with seemingly the suffix as Persian دهمست (dahmast, “laurel”) if not اسپست (aspest, “lucerne”).

cog

Quam simul ac tālī persēnsit peste tenērī ….

And as soon as [Juno] sensed that [Dido was now] gripped by such a plague [of passion] ….
(Erotic passion here is likened to a deadly disease.)

Ēripite hanc pestem perniciemque mihi!

c. 84 BCE – 54 BCE, Catullus, Carmina 76.20


diabetes

la-noun

diabētēs m (genitive diabētae); first declension

diabētēs (canonical masculine)
diabētae (genitive)
diabētēs (nominative singular)
diabētae (nominative plural)
diabētae (genitive singular)
diabētārum (genitive plural)
diabētae (dative singular)
diabētīs (dative plural)
diabētēn (accusative singular)
diabētās (accusative plural)
diabētē (ablative singular)
diabētīs (ablative plural)
diabētē (singular vocative)
diabētae (plural vocative)

→ English: diabetes

Borrowing from Ancient Greek δῐᾰβήτης (dĭăbḗtēs, “siphon; diabetes”), from δῐᾰβαίνω (dĭăbaínō, “to step across, pass over”) + -της (-tēs, “-er, -or”, agent noun suffix).


glaucoma

la-noun

glaucōma n (genitive glaucōmatis); third declension

glaucōma (canonical neuter)
glaucōmatis (genitive)
glaucōma (nominative singular)
glaucōmata (nominative plural)
glaucōmatis (genitive singular)
glaucōmatum (genitive plural)
glaucōmatī (dative singular)
glaucōmatibus (dative plural)
glaucōma (accusative singular)
glaucōmata (accusative plural)
glaucōmate (ablative singular)
glaucōmatibus (ablative plural)
glaucōma (singular vocative)
glaucōmata (plural vocative)

→ English: glaucoma

→ Finnish: glaukooma

→ French: glaucome (learned)

→ Italian: glaucoma (learned)

→ Portuguese: glaucoma (learned)

→ Spanish: glaucoma (learned)

[ɡɫ̪äu̯ˈkoːmä]

[ɡläu̯ˈkɔːmä]

dimming of the vitreous body in the eye, glaucoma


ulcus

ulcus n (genitive ulceris); third declension

ulceris (genitive)
ulcus (nominative singular)
ulcera (nominative plural)
ulceris (genitive singular)
ulcerum (genitive plural)
ulcerī (dative singular)
ulceribus (dative plural)
ulcus (accusative singular)
ulcera (accusative plural)
ulcere (ablative singular)
ulceribus (ablative plural)
ulcus (singular vocative)
ulcera (plural vocative)

→ Catalan: úlcera

→ English: ulcus

Galician: úcera

Italian: ulcera

desctree

Old French: ulcere
Middle French: ulcere
French: ulcère
→ Persian: اولسر (ulser)
→ Romanian: ulcer
→ Turkish: ülser
→ English: ulcer

Spanish: úlcera

Portuguese: úlcera

From earlier *olcos, from Proto-Italic *elkos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁élḱos (“wound, illness, ulcer”), from the root *h₁elḱ-; compare Ancient Greek ἕλκος (hélkos, “wound, ulcer”), English ill. Sanskrit अर्शस् (árśas, “hemorrhoids”).


vitiligo

la-noun

vitilīgō f (genitive vitilīginis); third declension

vitilīgō (canonical feminine)
vitilīginis (genitive)
vitilīgō (nominative singular)
vitilīginēs (nominative plural)
vitilīginis (genitive singular)
vitilīginum (genitive plural)
vitilīginī (dative singular)
vitilīginibus (dative plural)
vitilīginem (accusative singular)
vitilīginēs (accusative plural)
vitilīgine (ablative singular)
vitilīginibus (ablative plural)
vitilīgō (singular vocative)
vitilīginēs (plural vocative)

From an unknown stem with the disease suffix -īgō. Related to vitium, but not directly derived from it on account of the l.


erysipelas

erysipelas n (genitive erysipelatos); third declension

erysipelatos (genitive)
erysipelas (nominative singular)
erysipelata (nominative plural)
erysipelatos (genitive singular)
erysipelatum (genitive plural)
erysipelatī (dative singular)
erysipelatibus (dative plural)
erysipelas (accusative singular)
erysipelata (accusative plural)
erysipelate (ablative singular)
erysipelatibus (ablative plural)
erysipelas (singular vocative)
erysipelata (plural vocative)

→ English: erysipelas

Middle English: erisipila

[ɛrʏˈs̠ɪpɛɫ̪äs̠]

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἐρῠσῐ́πελᾰς (erŭsĭ́pelăs), probably related to ἐρῠθρός (erŭthrós, “red”) and πέλμᾰ (pélmă, “the sole of a foot”) or pellis (“a skin, hide, felt, pelt”).


caput

caput n (genitive capitis); third declension

capitis (genitive)
caput (nominative singular)
capita (nominative plural)
capitis (genitive singular)
capitum (genitive plural)
capitī (dative singular)
capitibus (dative plural)
caput (accusative singular)
capita (accusative plural)
capite (ablative singular)
capitibus (ablative plural)
caput (singular vocative)
capita (plural vocative)

Direct reflexes:

Sardinian: cabudu, cabude, cabide

Italian: capo

⇒ Vulgar Latin: capus (see there for further descendants)

Borrowings:

→ English: caput

→ Portuguese: caput

Reflexes of capita and, via back-formation, a new singular *capitum:

Balkans:

Aromanian: capiti, capit, capitu

Istro-Romanian: cåpete

Megleno-Romanian: capiti

Romanian: capete, capăt

Italy and environs:

Central Italian: capita; capitu, capito

Lombard: caved

Sardinian: cabida

From *capucla, feminine of *capuclum, for *caputulum:

Italian: capocchia

From *caputia:

Italian: capoccia

From Proto-Italic *kaput, from Proto-Indo-European *káput-. Cognates include German Haupt and English head.

(New Latin, pathology) A disease; a severe swelling of the soft tissues of a newborn's scalp that develops as the baby travels through the birth canal.


tetanus

tetanus m (genitive tetanī); second declension

tetanī (genitive)
tetanus (nominative singular)
tetanī (nominative plural)
tetanī (genitive singular)
tetanōrum (genitive plural)
tetanō (dative singular)
tetanīs (dative plural)
tetanum (accusative singular)
tetanōs (accusative plural)
tetanō (ablative singular)
tetanīs (ablative plural)
tetane (singular vocative)
tetanī (plural vocative)

From Ancient Greek τέτανος (tétanos); New Latin usage specific to the bacteria-caused disease.

(New Latin) The disease caused by Clostridium tetani.


lepra

lepra f (genitive leprae); first declension

leprae (genitive)
lepra (nominative singular)
leprae (nominative plural)
leprae (genitive singular)
leprārum (genitive plural)
leprae (dative singular)
leprīs (dative plural)
lepram (accusative singular)
leprās (accusative plural)
leprā (ablative singular)
leprīs (ablative plural)
lepra (singular vocative)
leprae (plural vocative)

Catalan: lepra

English: lepra

Galician: lepra

Italian: lebbra

Occitan: lepra

Portuguese: lepra

Russian: лепра (lepra)

Spanish: lepra

From Koine Greek λέπρα (lépra, “psoriasis & similar skin diseases”).


impetigo

la-noun

impetīgō f (genitive impetīginis); third declension

impetīgō (canonical feminine)
impetīginis (genitive)
impetīgō (nominative singular)
impetīginēs (nominative plural)
impetīginis (genitive singular)
impetīginum (genitive plural)
impetīginī (dative singular)
impetīginibus (dative plural)
impetīginem (accusative singular)
impetīginēs (accusative plural)
impetīgine (ablative singular)
impetīginibus (ablative plural)
impetīgō (singular vocative)
impetīginēs (plural vocative)

Asturian: empeine

Italian: petecchia

→ English: petechia

Portuguese: impingem

Romanian: pecingine

Spanish: empeine

→ Catalan: impetigen

→ Dutch: impetigo

→ English: impetigo

→ Italian: impetigine

→ Portuguese: impetigo

→ Spanish: impétigo

[ɪmpɛˈt̪iːɡoː]


zoster

zōstēr m (genitive zōstēris); third declension

zōstēr (canonical masculine)
zōstēris (genitive)
zōstēr (nominative singular)
zōstērēs (nominative plural)
zōstēris (genitive singular)
zōstērum (genitive plural)
zōstērī (dative singular)
zōstēribus (dative plural)
zōstērem (accusative singular)
zōstērēs (accusative plural)
zōstēre (ablative singular)
zōstēribus (ablative plural)
zōstēr (singular vocative)
zōstērēs (plural vocative)

From Ancient Greek ζωστήρ (zōstḗr, “girdle”), from ζώννυμι (zṓnnumi, “to gird”).


scabies

scabiēs f (genitive scabiēī); fifth declension

scabiēs (canonical feminine)
scabiēī (genitive)
scabiēs (nominative singular)
scabiēs (nominative plural)
scabiēī (genitive singular)
scabiērum (genitive plural)
scabiēī (dative singular)
scabiēbus (dative plural)
scabiem (accusative singular)
scabiēs (accusative plural)
scabiē (ablative singular)
scabiēbus (ablative plural)
scabiēs (singular vocative)
scabiēs (plural vocative)

Albanian: zgjebe

Aromanian: zgaibã

Italian: scabbia

Romanian: zgaibă

English: scabies

German: Skabies

Romanian: scabie

Russian: ска́биес (skábijes)


phthisis

phthisis f (genitive phthisis); third declension

phthisis (genitive)
phthisis (nominative singular)
phthisēs (nominative plural)
phthisis (genitive singular)
phthisium (genitive plural)
phthisī (dative singular)
phthisibus (dative plural)
phthisem (accusative singular)
phthisēs (accusative plural)
phthisīs (accusative plural)
phthise (ablative singular)
phthisibus (ablative plural)
phthisis (singular vocative)
phthisēs (plural vocative)

English: phthisis

Italian: tisi

[ˈpʰt̪ʰɪs̠ɪs̠]

From the Ancient Greek φθῐ́σῐς (phthĭ́sĭs).


tama

tama f (genitive tamae); first declension

tamae (genitive)
tama (nominative singular)
tamae (nominative plural)
tamae (genitive singular)
tamārum (genitive plural)
tamae (dative singular)
tamīs (dative plural)
tamam (accusative singular)
tamās (accusative plural)
tamā (ablative singular)
tamīs (ablative plural)
tama (singular vocative)
tamae (plural vocative)


albugo

albūgō f (genitive albūginis); third declension

albūgō (canonical feminine)
albūginis (genitive)
albūgō (nominative singular)
albūginēs (nominative plural)
albūginis (genitive singular)
albūginum (genitive plural)
albūginī (dative singular)
albūginibus (dative plural)
albūginem (accusative singular)
albūginēs (accusative plural)
albūgine (ablative singular)
albūginibus (ablative plural)
albūgō (singular vocative)
albūginēs (plural vocative)

→ English: albugo

Catalan: albugínia

Spanish: albúgine

[äɫ̪ˈbuːɡoː]


herpes

herpēs m (genitive herpētis); third declension

herpēs (canonical masculine)
herpētis (genitive)
herpēs (nominative singular)
herpētēs (nominative plural)
herpētis (genitive singular)
herpētum (genitive plural)
herpētī (dative singular)
herpētibus (dative plural)
herpētem (accusative singular)
herpētēs (accusative plural)
herpēte (ablative singular)
herpētibus (ablative plural)
herpēs (singular vocative)
herpētēs (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἕρπης (hérpēs).

an unknown sort of animal, perhaps a kind of mongoose


tormina

tormina n pl (genitive torminum); third declension

torminum (genitive)
tormina (nominative plural)
torminum (genitive plural)
torminibus (dative plural)
tormina (accusative plural)
torminibus (ablative plural)
tormina (plural vocative)


sarna

sarna f (genitive sarnae); first declension

sarnae (genitive)
sarna (nominative singular)
sarnae (nominative plural)
sarnae (genitive singular)
sarnārum (genitive plural)
sarnae (dative singular)
sarnīs (dative plural)
sarnam (accusative singular)
sarnās (accusative plural)
sarnā (ablative singular)
sarnīs (ablative plural)
sarna (singular vocative)
sarnae (plural vocative)


febris

febris f (genitive febris); third declension

febris (genitive)
febris (nominative singular)
febrēs (nominative plural)
febris (genitive singular)
febrium (genitive plural)
febrī (dative singular)
febribus (dative plural)
febrim (accusative singular)
febrem (accusative singular)
febrēs (accusative plural)
febrīs (accusative plural)
febrī (ablative singular)
febre (ablative singular)
febribus (ablative plural)
febris (singular vocative)
febrēs (plural vocative)

Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: heavrã, hior

Romanian: fior

Italo-Romance:

Italian: febbre
→ Romanian: febră

Neapolitan: freva, freve

Sicilian: frevi

North-Italian:

Friulian: fiere

Ladin: fiëura

Ligurian: freve

Piedmontese: frev, fevra

Romagnol: févra

Romansch: fevra, feavra, feivra

Venetan: fevra, féra

Gallo-Romance:

Catalan: febre, febra

Franco-Provençal: fiévra

Old French: fievre (see there for further descendants)

French: fièvre

→ English: fever

Occitan: fèbre, frèbe, feure

Sardinian: frebbe, frebba, fre

Ibero-Romance:

Asturian: fiebre

Old Galician-Portuguese: febre, fever

Galician: febre

Portuguese: febre

Old Spanish: hiebre, fiebre (semi-learned)

Spanish: fiebre

Borrowings:

→ Proto-West Germanic: *fēbr (see there for further descendants)

From Proto-Italic *feɣʷris, from earlier pre-Italic *θeɣʷris, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰegʷʰ-ri-s, an extension of the root *dʰegʷʰ- (“to burn, warm”). Cognate with februum, foveō,
Ancient Greek τέφρα (téphra).


dysenteria

dysenteria f (genitive dysenteriae); first declension

dysenteriae (genitive)
dysenteria (nominative singular)
dysenteriae (nominative plural)
dysenteriae (genitive singular)
dysenteriārum (genitive plural)
dysenteriae (dative singular)
dysenteriīs (dative plural)
dysenteriam (accusative singular)
dysenteriās (accusative plural)
dysenteriā (ablative singular)
dysenteriīs (ablative plural)
dysenteria (singular vocative)
dysenteriae (plural vocative)

desctree

→ Old Galician-Portuguese: desinteria
Galician: disentería
Portuguese: disenteria

[d̪ʏs̠ɛn̪ˈt̪ɛriä]

Borrowed from Ancient Greek δυσεντερία (dusentería), from δυσ- (dus-, “bad”) + ἔντερα (éntera, “bowels”).


scorbutus

la-noun

scorbūtus m (genitive scorbūtī); second declension

scorbūtus (canonical masculine)
scorbūtī (genitive)
scorbūtus (nominative singular)
scorbūtī (nominative plural)
scorbūtī (genitive singular)
scorbūtōrum (genitive plural)
scorbūtō (dative singular)
scorbūtīs (dative plural)
scorbūtum (accusative singular)
scorbūtōs (accusative plural)
scorbūtō (ablative singular)
scorbūtīs (ablative plural)
scorbūte (singular vocative)
scorbūtī (plural vocative)


epidemia

epidēmia n pl (genitive epidēmiōrum); second declension

epidēmia (canonical neuter plural)
epidēmiōrum (genitive)
epidēmia (nominative plural)
epidēmiōrum (genitive plural)
epidēmiīs (dative plural)
epidēmia (accusative plural)
epidēmiīs (ablative plural)
epidēmia (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἐπιδήμια (epidḗmia), neuter plural of ἐπιδήμιος (epidḗmios), from ἐπί (epí, “upon”) + δῆμος (dêmos, “people”). Reanalysed as a first-declension singular noun in Medieval Latin.

bor+

(Late Latin, pathology) epidemic diseases


epidemia

la-noun

epidēmia f (genitive epidēmiae); first declension

epidēmia (canonical feminine)
epidēmiae (genitive)
epidēmia (nominative singular)
epidēmiae (nominative plural)
epidēmiae (genitive singular)
epidēmiārum (genitive plural)
epidēmiae (dative singular)
epidēmiīs (dative plural)
epidēmiam (accusative singular)
epidēmiās (accusative plural)
epidēmiā (ablative singular)
epidēmiīs (ablative plural)
epidēmia (singular vocative)
epidēmiae (plural vocative)

→ Catalan: epidèmia

→ Czech: epidemie

desctree

→ Dutch: epidemie
→ Indonesian: epidemi (“epidemic”)

→ Estonian: epideemia

→ Finnish: epidemia

Old French: ypidime

Middle French: epydimie, epydemie

Middle English: ipedemye, impedyme

English: epidemy

→ French: épidémie, épidémique

→ English: epidemic

→ Galician: epidemia

→ German: Epidemie

→ Hungarian: epidémia

→ Irish: eipidéim

→ Italian: epidemia

→ Luxembourgish: Epidemie

→ Norwegian Bokmål: epidemi

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: epidemi

→ Polish: epidemia

→ Portuguese: epidemia

→ Romanian: epidemie

→ Slovak: epidémia

→ Spanish: epidemia

→ Tagalog: epidemya

(Medieval Latin, New Latin, pathology) epidemic, plague


struma

la-noun

strūma f (genitive strūmae); first declension

strūma (canonical feminine)
strūmae (genitive)
strūma (nominative singular)
strūmae (nominative plural)
strūmae (genitive singular)
strūmārum (genitive plural)
strūmae (dative singular)
strūmīs (dative plural)
strūmam (accusative singular)
strūmās (accusative plural)
strūmā (ablative singular)
strūmīs (ablative plural)
strūma (singular vocative)
strūmae (plural vocative)


lacca

lacca f (genitive laccae); first declension

laccae (genitive)
lacca (nominative singular)
laccae (nominative plural)
laccae (genitive singular)
laccārum (genitive plural)
laccae (dative singular)
laccīs (dative plural)
laccam (accusative singular)
laccās (accusative plural)
laccā (ablative singular)
laccīs (ablative plural)
lacca (singular vocative)
laccae (plural vocative)

Perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *Hlak-, *lēk- (“leg; the main muscle of the arm or leg”). Compare English leg and Latin lacertus (“upper arm”).


lues

luēs f sg (genitive luis); third declension

luēs (canonical feminine singular)
luis (genitive)
luēs (nominative singular)
luis (genitive singular)
luī (dative singular)
luem (accusative singular)
lue (ablative singular)
luēs (singular vocative)

Perhaps from luō (“wash”) or from Proto-Indo-European *lew- (“dirt, mud”) (cognate with λῦμα (lûma, “dirt”) and Old Irish loth (“mud”)).


pernio

perniō m (genitive perniōnis); third declension

perniō (canonical masculine)
perniōnis (genitive)
perniō (nominative singular)
perniōnēs (nominative plural)
perniōnis (genitive singular)
perniōnum (genitive plural)
perniōnī (dative singular)
perniōnibus (dative plural)
perniōnem (accusative singular)
perniōnēs (accusative plural)
perniōne (ablative singular)
perniōnibus (ablative plural)
perniō (singular vocative)
perniōnēs (plural vocative)

Catalan: penelló, prunyó

Italian: pernione


toles

tōlēs m pl (genitive tōlium); third declension

tōlēs (canonical masculine plural)
tōlium (genitive)
tōlēs (nominative plural)
tōlium (genitive plural)
tōlibus (dative plural)
tōlēs (accusative plural)
tōlīs (accusative plural)
tōlibus (ablative plural)
tōlēs (plural vocative)

[ˈt̪oːɫ̪eːs̠]

From Proto-Italic *tonslis, from Proto-Indo-European *ten- (“to stretch, to extend”). Cognate with Latin tōnsillae.


ischias

la-noun

ischias f (genitive ischiadis); third declension

ischiadis (genitive)
ischias (nominative singular)
ischiadēs (nominative plural)
ischiadis (genitive singular)
ischiadum (genitive plural)
ischiadī (dative singular)
ischiadibus (dative plural)
ischiadem (accusative singular)
ischiadēs (accusative plural)
ischiade (ablative singular)
ischiadibus (ablative plural)
ischias (singular vocative)
ischiadēs (plural vocative)

[ˈɪs̠kʰiäs̠]

From Ancient Greek ἰσχιάς (iskhiás, “hip-disease; sciatica”).


achor

la-noun

achōr m (genitive achōris); third declension

achōr (canonical masculine)
achōris (genitive)
achōr (nominative singular)
achōrēs (nominative plural)
achōris (genitive singular)
achōrum (genitive plural)
achōrī (dative singular)
achōribus (dative plural)
achōrem (accusative singular)
achōrēs (accusative plural)
achōre (ablative singular)
achōribus (ablative plural)
achōr (singular vocative)
achōrēs (plural vocative)


carbunculus

carbunculus m (genitive carbunculī); second declension

carbunculī (genitive)
carbunculus (nominative singular)
carbunculī (nominative plural)
carbunculī (genitive singular)
carbunculōrum (genitive plural)
carbunculō (dative singular)
carbunculīs (dative plural)
carbunculum (accusative singular)
carbunculōs (accusative plural)
carbunculō (ablative singular)
carbunculīs (ablative plural)
carbuncule (singular vocative)
carbunculī (plural vocative)

Inherited:

Italian: carbonchio, ⇒ scarbonchiare

desc

Old Catalan: carbonclo, carblonco, corblonco, carvoncle

Catalan: carboncle

Old Occitan: carbuncle, carboncle

Occitan: carboncle

Semi-learned:

→ Galician: caruncho, carbuncho

→ Italian: carboncolo, ⇒ scarboncolo

→? Old Northern French: carboncle, charbuncle, carbuncle, charboucle, carboucle

→ English: carbuncle

French: carboncle, carboucle, ⇒ escarboucle

→ Spanish: carbunclo

Learned:

→ Galician: carbúnculo, cabrunco, carbunco

→ Italian: carbuncolo, carbunculo, carbonculo

→ Portuguese: carbúnculo

→ Russian: карбу́нкул (karbúnkul)

→ Spanish: carbúnculo

[kärˈbʊŋkʊɫ̪ʊs̠]

From carbō (“coal, charcoal”) + -culus (diminutive nominal suffix).

af

(phytopathology) disease caused by hoar-frost


gravedo

la-noun

gravēdō f (genitive gravēdinis); third declension

gravēdō (canonical feminine)
gravēdinis (genitive)
gravēdō (nominative singular)
gravēdinēs (nominative plural)
gravēdinis (genitive singular)
gravēdinum (genitive plural)
gravēdinī (dative singular)
gravēdinibus (dative plural)
gravēdinem (accusative singular)
gravēdinēs (accusative plural)
gravēdine (ablative singular)
gravēdinibus (ablative plural)
gravēdō (singular vocative)
gravēdinēs (plural vocative)


ozaena

ozaena f (genitive ozaenae); first declension

ozaenae (genitive)
ozaena (nominative singular)
ozaenae (nominative plural)
ozaenae (genitive singular)
ozaenārum (genitive plural)
ozaenae (dative singular)
ozaenīs (dative plural)
ozaenam (accusative singular)
ozaenās (accusative plural)
ozaenā (ablative singular)
ozaenīs (ablative plural)
ozaena (singular vocative)
ozaenae (plural vocative)

[ɔz̪ˈd̪͡z̪äe̯nä]

[od̪ˈd̪͡z̪ɛːnä]

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ὄζαινα (ózaina).


psora

psōra f (genitive psōrae); first declension

psōra (canonical feminine)
psōrae (genitive)
psōra (nominative singular)
psōrae (nominative plural)
psōrae (genitive singular)
psōrārum (genitive plural)
psōrae (dative singular)
psōrīs (dative plural)
psōram (accusative singular)
psōrās (accusative plural)
psōrā (ablative singular)
psōrīs (ablative plural)
psōra (singular vocative)
psōrae (plural vocative)

→ English: psora (learned)

→ French: psora, psore (learned)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ψώρα (psṓra, “itch”).


foria

foria f (genitive foriae); first declension

foriae (genitive)
foria (nominative singular)
foriae (nominative plural)
foriae (genitive singular)
foriārum (genitive plural)
foriae (dative singular)
foriīs (dative plural)
foriam (accusative singular)
foriās (accusative plural)
foriā (ablative singular)
foriīs (ablative plural)
foria (singular vocative)
foriae (plural vocative)

Asturian: foria, fueira, horia

French: foire

Galician: foira, fória

Occitan: foira

Portuguese: esfoura, esfoira

Piedmontese: sfòjra

desc

Romansch: foira, fuera, fuira, sfuira, sfuoira

From Proto-Italic *foria, perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *dʰrey-. Possible cognates include Lithuanian dergti and Old Norse dríta.


zarda

la-noun

zarda f (genitive zardae); first declension

zardae (genitive)
zarda (nominative singular)
zardae (nominative plural)
zardae (genitive singular)
zardārum (genitive plural)
zardae (dative singular)
zardīs (dative plural)
zardam (accusative singular)
zardās (accusative plural)
zardā (ablative singular)
zardīs (ablative plural)
zarda (singular vocative)
zardae (plural vocative)

[ˈd̪͡z̪ärd̪ä]

[ˈd̪͡z̪ärd̪ä]

Borrowed from Arabic جَرَذ (jaraḏ). Compare Italian giarda.

[equꝰ] qn̄ꝫ nascit̃ cum zardis

1300s, Pietro De' Crescenzi, “Dē aegritūdinibus equōrum et cūrā eōrum [On the illnesses of horses, and cure thereof]”, Liber nōnus - Dē omnibus animālibus quae in rūre nūtriuntur [Ninth book - On all the animals which are fed in the farm], in Rūrālium commodōrum librī XII [The 12 books of agricultural advantages] (overall work in Medieval Latin); republished (manuscript), 1471, page 308:

[the horse] is sometimes born with spavins


asaphatum

asaphatum n sg (genitive asaphatī); second declension

asaphatī (genitive)
asaphatum (nominative singular)
asaphatī (genitive singular)
asaphatō (dative singular)
asaphatum (accusative singular)
asaphatō (ablative singular)
asaphatum (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Arabic اَلسَعْفَة (al-saʕfa, “sore, mange”).

bor

(Medieval Latin) psoriasis, skin disease


ossilago

la-noun

ossilāgō f (genitive ossilāginis); third declension

ossilāgō (canonical feminine)
ossilāginis (genitive)
ossilāgō (nominative singular)
ossilāginēs (nominative plural)
ossilāginis (genitive singular)
ossilāginum (genitive plural)
ossilāginī (dative singular)
ossilāginibus (dative plural)
ossilāginem (accusative singular)
ossilāginēs (accusative plural)
ossilāgine (ablative singular)
ossilāginibus (ablative plural)
ossilāgō (singular vocative)
ossilāginēs (plural vocative)

[ɔs̠ːɪˈɫ̪äːɡoː]


ostigo

ōstīgō f (genitive ōstīginis); third declension

ōstīgō (canonical feminine)
ōstīginis (genitive)
ōstīgō (nominative singular)
ōstīginēs (nominative plural)
ōstīginis (genitive singular)
ōstīginum (genitive plural)
ōstīginī (dative singular)
ōstīginibus (dative plural)
ōstīginem (accusative singular)
ōstīginēs (accusative plural)
ōstīgine (ablative singular)
ōstīginibus (ablative plural)
ōstīgō (singular vocative)
ōstīginēs (plural vocative)

[oːs̠ˈt̪iːɡoː]

An irregular combination of ōs (“the mouth”) + -īgō (“diseased condition”), the spurious t inserted probably by analogy with the word’s synonym, mentīgō.

suffix

ante''' AD 70, Lucius Junius Moderatus Columella (author), E.S. Forster and Edward H. Heffner (editors), Res Rustica in On Agriculture, volume II: Books V–IX (1954), book vii, chapter v, § 21, page 275

(please add an English translation of this quotation)

Est etiam mentigo, quam pastores ostiginem vocant, mortifera lactentibus.


mentigo

la-noun

mentīgō f (genitive mentīginis); third declension

mentīgō (canonical feminine)
mentīginis (genitive)
mentīgō (nominative singular)
mentīginēs (nominative plural)
mentīginis (genitive singular)
mentīginum (genitive plural)
mentīginī (dative singular)
mentīginibus (dative plural)
mentīginem (accusative singular)
mentīginēs (accusative plural)
mentīgine (ablative singular)
mentīginibus (ablative plural)
mentīgō (singular vocative)
mentīginēs (plural vocative)

[mɛn̪ˈt̪iːɡoː]

mentum (“the chin”) + -īgō (“diseased condition”)


cuferion

la-noun

cuferion n (genitive cuferiī); second declension

cuferiī (genitive)
cuferion (nominative singular)
cuferia (nominative plural)
cuferiī (genitive singular)
cuferiōrum (genitive plural)
cuferiō (dative singular)
cuferiīs (dative plural)
cuferion (accusative singular)
cuferia (accusative plural)
cuferiō (ablative singular)
cuferiīs (ablative plural)
cuferion (singular vocative)
cuferia (plural vocative)


corcus

corcus m (genitive corcī); second declension

corcī (genitive)
corcus (nominative singular)
corcī (nominative plural)
corcī (genitive singular)
corcōrum (genitive plural)
corcō (dative singular)
corcīs (dative plural)
corcum (accusative singular)
corcōs (accusative plural)
corcō (ablative singular)
corcīs (ablative plural)
corce (singular vocative)
corcī (plural vocative)


patagus

patagus m (genitive patagī); second declension

patagī (genitive)
patagus (nominative singular)
patagī (nominative plural)
patagī (genitive singular)
patagōrum (genitive plural)
patagō (dative singular)
patagīs (dative plural)
patagum (accusative singular)
patagōs (accusative plural)
patagō (ablative singular)
patagīs (ablative plural)
patage (singular vocative)
patagī (plural vocative)


choeras

choeras f (genitive choeradis); third declension

choeradis (genitive)
choeras (nominative singular)
choeradēs (nominative plural)
choeradis (genitive singular)
choeradum (genitive plural)
choeradī (dative singular)
choeradibus (dative plural)
choeradem (accusative singular)
choeradēs (accusative plural)
choerade (ablative singular)
choeradibus (ablative plural)
choeras (singular vocative)
choeradēs (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek χοιρᾰ́ς (khoirắs).


flemen

flēmen n (genitive flēminis); third declension

flēmen (canonical neuter)
flēminis (genitive)
flēmen (nominative singular)
flēmina (nominative plural)
flēminis (genitive singular)
flēminum (genitive plural)
flēminī (dative singular)
flēminibus (dative plural)
flēmen (accusative singular)
flēmina (accusative plural)
flēmine (ablative singular)
flēminibus (ablative plural)
flēmen (singular vocative)
flēmina (plural vocative)

From Proto-Indo-European *bʰleh₁- (“to blow”), with a noun-forming suffix -men. Cognate with Latin flō (“I blow”), English blow, Old Armenian բեղուն (bełun, “fertile”), Albanian plas (“to blow, explode”).


malandria

la-noun

malandria f (genitive malandriae); first declension

malandriae (genitive)
malandria (nominative singular)
malandriae (nominative plural)
malandriae (genitive singular)
malandriārum (genitive plural)
malandriae (dative singular)
malandriīs (dative plural)
malandriam (accusative singular)
malandriās (accusative plural)
malandriā (ablative singular)
malandriīs (ablative plural)
malandria (singular vocative)
malandriae (plural vocative)

→ French: malandres

→ English: malanders

→ Italian: malandra

pustules that appear on the neck, especially of horses


derbita

derbita f (genitive derbitae); first declension

derbitae (genitive)
derbita (nominative singular)
derbitae (nominative plural)
derbitae (genitive singular)
derbitārum (genitive plural)
derbitae (dative singular)
derbitīs (dative plural)
derbitam (accusative singular)
derbitās (accusative plural)
derbitā (ablative singular)
derbitīs (ablative plural)
derbita (singular vocative)
derbitae (plural vocative)

Gallo-Italic:

Emilian: dérbga

Lombard: dérbeda

Gallo-Romance:

Old French: dertre

Middle French: dertre

French: dartre

Occitano-Romance:

Occitan: dèrti, endèrbi

[d̪ɛrˈu̯eːt̪ä]

From Gaulish *deruētā, from Proto-Celtic *derweitā, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *der- (“to tear apart”). Compare Lithuanian dedervinė (“rash, eruption”), Polish odra (“measles”) and Latin derbiōsus (“scabby”).
Brittonic cognates like Middle Welsh derwhyden (“ringworm”) and Breton daroued, which do not have a reflex of a Celtic *-b- and whose second vowels can only come from *-ei- > *-ē-, indicate that the spelling derbita is phonologically misleading. Derbita is attested in late glosses and must reflect the vulgar Latin mergers of v with lenited -b- and ē with i.


coriago

la-noun

coriāgō f (genitive coriāginis); third declension

coriāgō (canonical feminine)
coriāginis (genitive)
coriāgō (nominative singular)
coriāginēs (nominative plural)
coriāginis (genitive singular)
coriāginum (genitive plural)
coriāginī (dative singular)
coriāginibus (dative plural)
coriāginem (accusative singular)
coriāginēs (accusative plural)
coriāgine (ablative singular)
coriāginibus (ablative plural)
coriāgō (singular vocative)
coriāginēs (plural vocative)

[kɔriˈäːɡoː]


varulus

varulus m (genitive varulī); second declension

varulī (genitive)
varulus (nominative singular)
varulī (nominative plural)
varulī (genitive singular)
varulōrum (genitive plural)
varulō (dative singular)
varulīs (dative plural)
varulum (accusative singular)
varulōs (accusative plural)
varulō (ablative singular)
varulīs (ablative plural)
varule (singular vocative)
varulī (plural vocative)

[ˈu̯ärʊɫ̪ʊs̠]


camoria

camoria f (genitive camoriae); first declension

camoriae (genitive)
camoria (nominative singular)
camoriae (nominative plural)
camoriae (genitive singular)
camoriārum (genitive plural)
camoriae (dative singular)
camoriīs (dative plural)
camoriam (accusative singular)
camoriās (accusative plural)
camoriā (ablative singular)
camoriīs (ablative plural)
camoria (singular vocative)
camoriae (plural vocative)

Italian: camorro

Old French: chamoire

→ Italian: cimurro, cimorro, ciamorro

(Late Latin) a disease of horses, perhaps glanders