sol

la-noun

sōl m (genitive sōlis); third declension

sōl (canonical masculine)
sōlis (genitive)
sōl (nominative singular)
sōlēs (nominative plural)
sōlis (genitive singular)
sōlum (genitive plural)
sōlī (dative singular)
sōlibus (dative plural)
sōlem (accusative singular)
sōlēs (accusative plural)
sōle (ablative singular)
sōlibus (ablative plural)
sōl (singular vocative)
sōlēs (plural vocative)
Sōl (alternative)

Insular Romance:

Sardinian: sole, sobi, soi, soli

Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: soari

Istro-Romanian: sore

Megleno-Romanian: soari

Romanian: soare

Italo-Dalmatian:

Corsican: soli

Gallurese: soli

Sassarese: sori

Dalmatian: saul

Istriot: sul

Italian: sole

Neapolitan: sole

Tarantino: sole

Sicilian: suli

Venetan: sołe

Gallo-Italic:

Emilian: sôl, soul, saul

Ligurian: sô

Lombard: sol, so

Piedmontese: sol, so

Romagnol: sól

Gallo-Romance:

Catalan: sol

Franco-Provençal: sol

Old Gascon: só

Old Occitan: sol

Occitan: sol (Florac, Lastic, Creuse)

Ibero-Romance:

Aragonese: sol

Mozarabic: שול (šwl)

Old Leonese: [Term?]

Asturian: sol

Extremaduran: sol

Leonese: sol

Mirandese: sol

desctree

Old Galician-Portuguese: sol
Fala: sol
Galician: sol
Portuguese: sol (see there for further descendants)

Spanish: sol

Vulgar Latin: *sōliculum (see there for further descendants)

Borrowings:

Proto-Brythonic: [Term?]

Cornish: Sul

Breton: Sul

Welsh: Sul

⇒ Translingual: Solaster

From Proto-Italic *s(u)wōl, from Proto-Indo-European *suh₂ṓl (*suh₂ól-s) ~ *suh₂l-és m (“the sun”), rebuilt s-stem from *súh₂el ~ *suh₂éns n (whence Sanskrit स्वर् (svar, “the sun”)), leveled from *sóh₂wl̥ ~ *suh₂éns (from *sh₂wéns via laryngeal metathesis). Alternatively from Proto-Italic *saul through an irregular change conditioned by -l, from Proto-Indo-European *séh₂ul.


humor

la-noun

hūmor m (genitive hūmōris); third declension

hūmor (canonical masculine)
hūmōris (genitive)
hūmor (nominative singular)
hūmōrēs (nominative plural)
hūmōris (genitive singular)
hūmōrum (genitive plural)
hūmōrī (dative singular)
hūmōribus (dative plural)
hūmōrem (accusative singular)
hūmōrēs (accusative plural)
hūmōre (ablative singular)
hūmōribus (ablative plural)
hūmor (singular vocative)
hūmōrēs (plural vocative)
ūmor (alternative)

→ Asturian: humor

→ Catalan: humor

→ Czech: humor

→ Danish: humor

→ Esperanto: humuro (via descendants)

→ German: Humor (see there for further descendants)

⇒ Hebrew: הומור

→ Hungarian: humor

→ Ido: humuro (via descendants)

Italian: umore, omore

Ladino: umor

→ Macedonian: хумор (humor)

→ Old Galician-Portuguese: humor, umor

Portuguese: humor

desctree

→ Old French: humor, humour (less common)
French: humeur (see there for further descendants)
→ Middle Dutch: humuere
Dutch: humeur (see there for further descendants)
→ Middle English: humour, humore, umour, humor, humur, humer
English: humour (see there for further descendants)
Scots: humour

→ Spanish: humor

Alternative spelling of ūmor found in the later Roman Empire, when the letter h had already become silent. See also the related hūmidus.


chemia

la-noun

chēmia f sg (genitive chēmiae); first declension

chēmia (canonical feminine singular)
chēmiae (genitive)
chēmia (nominative singular)
chēmiae (genitive singular)
chēmiae (dative singular)
chēmiam (accusative singular)
chēmiā (ablative singular)
chēmia (singular vocative)
chimia (alternative)
chymia (alternative)

→ French: chimie (learned)

→ German: Chemie

→ Greek: χημεία (chimeía)

→ Polish: chemia

→ Romanian: chimie (learned)

→ Russian: хи́мия (xímija)

Clipping of alchēmia (“alchemy”), from Arabic اَلْكِيمِيَاء (al-kīmiyāʔ), from Ancient Greek χυμείᾱ (khumeíā).

der

اَلْكِيمِيَاء

Arabic اَلْكِيمِيَاء (al-kīmiyāʔ)


darmstadtium

la-noun

darmstadtium n (genitive darmstadtiī); second declension

darmstadtiī (genitive)
darmstadtium (nominative singular)
darmstadtia (nominative plural)
darmstadtiī (genitive singular)
darmstadtiōrum (genitive plural)
darmstadtiō (dative singular)
darmstadtiīs (dative plural)
darmstadtium (accusative singular)
darmstadtia (accusative plural)
darmstadtiō (ablative singular)
darmstadtiīs (ablative plural)
darmstadtium (singular vocative)
darmstadtia (plural vocative)

[d̪ärmˈs̠t̪ät̪ːiʊ̃ˑ]


oxygenium

oxygenium n (genitive oxygeniī); second declension

oxygeniī (genitive)
oxygenium (nominative singular)
oxygenia (nominative plural)
oxygeniī (genitive singular)
oxygeniōrum (genitive plural)
oxygeniō (dative singular)
oxygeniīs (dative plural)
oxygenium (accusative singular)
oxygenia (accusative plural)
oxygeniō (ablative singular)
oxygeniīs (ablative plural)
oxygenium (singular vocative)
oxygenia (plural vocative)
oxygenum (alternative)

[ɔks̠ʏˈɡɛniʊ̃ˑ]

New Latin, borrowed from French oxygène, itself from Ancient Greek ὀξύς (oxús, “sharp”) + Latin -genus (“born from”), referring to oxygen's role in the formation of acids.


helium

la-noun

hēlium n (genitive hēliī); second declension

hēlium (canonical neuter)
hēliī (genitive)
hēlium (nominative singular)
hēlia (nominative plural)
hēliī (genitive singular)
hēliōrum (genitive plural)
hēliō (dative singular)
hēliīs (dative plural)
hēlium (accusative singular)
hēlia (accusative plural)
hēliō (ablative singular)
hēliīs (ablative plural)
hēlium (singular vocative)
hēlia (plural vocative)

→ Italian: elio

[ˈheːlʲiʊ̃ˑ]

From Ancient Greek ἥλιος (hḗlios, “sun”) + -ium (chemical element suffix).


lithium

lithium n (genitive lithiī); second declension

lithiī (genitive)
lithium (nominative singular)
lithia (nominative plural)
lithiī (genitive singular)
lithiōrum (genitive plural)
lithiō (dative singular)
lithiīs (dative plural)
lithium (accusative singular)
lithia (accusative plural)
lithiō (ablative singular)
lithiīs (ablative plural)
lithium (singular vocative)
lithia (plural vocative)

[ˈlʲɪt̪ʰiʊ̃ˑ]

From Ancient Greek λίθος (líthos, “stone”) + -ium.


beryllium

bēryllium n (genitive bērylliī); second declension

bēryllium (canonical neuter)
bērylliī (genitive)
bēryllium (nominative singular)
bēryllia (nominative plural)
bērylliī (genitive singular)
bērylliōrum (genitive plural)
bērylliō (dative singular)
bērylliīs (dative plural)
bēryllium (accusative singular)
bēryllia (accusative plural)
bērylliō (ablative singular)
bērylliīs (ablative plural)
bēryllium (singular vocative)
bēryllia (plural vocative)

[beːˈrʏlːʲiʊ̃ˑ]

Derived from bēryll(us) (“beryl”) + -ium (“chemical element suffix”).


neon

la-noun

neon n (genitive neī); second declension

neī (genitive)
neon (nominative singular)
nea (nominative plural)
neī (genitive singular)
neōrum (genitive plural)
neō (dative singular)
neīs (dative plural)
neon (accusative singular)
nea (accusative plural)
neō (ablative singular)
neīs (ablative plural)
neon (singular vocative)
nea (plural vocative)

From Ancient Greek νέον (néon), neuter form of νέος (néos, “new”).


magnesium

magnēsium n (genitive magnēsiī); second declension

magnēsium (canonical neuter)
magnēsiī (genitive)
magnēsium (nominative singular)
magnēsia (nominative plural)
magnēsiī (genitive singular)
magnēsiōrum (genitive plural)
magnēsiō (dative singular)
magnēsiīs (dative plural)
magnēsium (accusative singular)
magnēsia (accusative plural)
magnēsiō (ablative singular)
magnēsiīs (ablative plural)
magnēsium (singular vocative)
magnēsia (plural vocative)

→ English: magnesium
→ Welsh: magnesiwm

→ French: magnésium (learned)

→ Galician: magnesio (learned)

→ German: Magnesium

→ Italian: magnesio (learned)

→ Luxembourgish: Magnesium

→ Portuguese: magnésio (learned)

→ Romanian: magneziu (learned)

→ Spanish: magnesio (learned)

Substantivization of the neuter form of magnēsius (“of or pertaining to the region of Magnesia”).

[mäŋˈneːs̠iʊ̃ˑ]

[mäɲˈɲɛːs̬ium]

Magnesium nitratum nullum converſionem expertum eſt a noſtri acidi admixtione.

1782, D. Laurentius, Gulielmo Huntero, “Nova experimenta Chemica quae ad penitiorem Acidi e Pinguedine eruti cognitionem valere videntur”, in Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Part I, page 28:

(New Latin) magnesium (chemical element 12)


aluminium

alūminium n (genitive alūminiī); second declension

alūminium (canonical neuter)
alūminiī (genitive)
alūminium (nominative singular)
alūminia (nominative plural)
alūminiī (genitive singular)
alūminiōrum (genitive plural)
alūminiō (dative singular)
alūminiīs (dative plural)
alūminium (accusative singular)
alūminia (accusative plural)
alūminiō (ablative singular)
alūminiīs (ablative plural)
alūminium (singular vocative)
alūminia (plural vocative)

[äɫ̪uːˈmɪniʊ̃ˑ]

Derived from alūmen, alūminis (“alum”) + -ium (chemical element suffix).


phosphorus

la-noun

phōsphorus m (genitive phōsphorī); second declension

phōsphorus (canonical masculine)
phōsphorī (genitive)
phōsphorus (nominative singular)
phōsphorī (nominative plural)
phōsphorī (genitive singular)
phōsphorōrum (genitive plural)
phōsphorō (dative singular)
phōsphorīs (dative plural)
phōsphorum (accusative singular)
phōsphorōs (accusative plural)
phōsphorō (ablative singular)
phōsphorīs (ablative plural)
phōsphore (singular vocative)
phōsphorī (plural vocative)

French: phosphore

Galician: fósforo

Italian: fosforo

Portuguese: fósforo

Romanian: fosfor

Sicilian: pòspuru

Spanish: fósforo

Venetan: fòsforo

[ˈpʰoːs̠pʰɔrʊs̠]

From Ancient Greek φωσφόρος (phōsphóros, “light-bearing”).


argon

la-noun

ārgon n (genitive ārgī); second declension

ārgon (canonical neuter)
ārgī (genitive)
ārgon (nominative singular)
ārga (nominative plural)
ārgī (genitive singular)
ārgōrum (genitive plural)
ārgō (dative singular)
ārgīs (dative plural)
ārgon (accusative singular)
ārga (accusative plural)
ārgō (ablative singular)
ārgīs (ablative plural)
ārgon (singular vocative)
ārga (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ᾱ̓ργόν (ārgón), the neuter substantive form of ᾱ̓ργός (ārgós, “idle, lazy”) because of the element's inertness.


scandium

scandium n (genitive scandiī); second declension

scandiī (genitive)
scandium (nominative singular)
scandia (nominative plural)
scandiī (genitive singular)
scandiōrum (genitive plural)
scandiō (dative singular)
scandiīs (dative plural)
scandium (accusative singular)
scandia (accusative plural)
scandiō (ablative singular)
scandiīs (ablative plural)
scandium (singular vocative)
scandia (plural vocative)

[ˈs̠kän̪d̪iʊ̃ˑ]

Coined in 1869 by chemist Lars Fredrik Nilson, derived from Scandia (“Scandinavia”) + -ium (chemical element suffix).


titanium

la-noun

tītānium n (genitive tītāniī); second declension

tītānium (canonical neuter)
tītāniī (genitive)
tītānium (nominative singular)
tītānia (nominative plural)
tītāniī (genitive singular)
tītāniōrum (genitive plural)
tītāniō (dative singular)
tītāniīs (dative plural)
tītānium (accusative singular)
tītānia (accusative plural)
tītāniō (ablative singular)
tītāniīs (ablative plural)
tītānium (singular vocative)
tītānia (plural vocative)

[t̪iːˈt̪äːniʊ̃ˑ]

Coined in 1791 by chemist Martin Heinrich Klaproth, derived from Tītān (“Titan”) + -ium (chemical element suffix).


vanadium

la-noun

vanadium n (genitive vanadiī); second declension

vanadiī (genitive)
vanadium (nominative singular)
vanadia (nominative plural)
vanadiī (genitive singular)
vanadiōrum (genitive plural)
vanadiō (dative singular)
vanadiīs (dative plural)
vanadium (accusative singular)
vanadia (accusative plural)
vanadiō (ablative singular)
vanadiīs (ablative plural)
vanadium (singular vocative)
vanadia (plural vocative)

[u̯äˈnäd̪iʊ̃ˑ]

Derived from Old Norse Vanadis, (one of the names of Freyja, goddess of beauty) + -ium (chemical element suffix), in reference to the many beautifully colored chemical compounds it produces. The Norse name is a compound of the names Vana (from vanr (“lacking, missing”)) and Dis (from dís (“goddess”)).


chromium

chrōmium n (genitive chrōmiī); second declension

chrōmium (canonical neuter)
chrōmiī (genitive)
chrōmium (nominative singular)
chrōmia (nominative plural)
chrōmiī (genitive singular)
chrōmiōrum (genitive plural)
chrōmiō (dative singular)
chrōmiīs (dative plural)
chrōmium (accusative singular)
chrōmia (accusative plural)
chrōmiō (ablative singular)
chrōmiīs (ablative plural)
chrōmium (singular vocative)
chrōmia (plural vocative)

→ Burmese: ခရိုမီယမ် (hka.ruimiyam)

→ Chinese: 鉻 /铬 (gè)

→ Cornish: cromyum

→ English: chromium

→ Greek: χρώμιο (chrómio)

→ Hindi: क्रोमियम (kromiyam)

→ Irish: cróimiam

→ Korean: 크로뮴 (keuromyum)

→ Malay: kromium

→ Maltese: kromju

→ Manx: cromium

→ Maori: koromiama

→ Portuguese: crómio, crômio

→ Scottish Gaelic: cròimiam

→ Swahili: chromi

→ Thai: โครเมียม (kroo-mîiam)

→ Urdu: کرومیم (kromiyam)

→ Welsh: cromiwm

→ Yiddish: קראָומיאַם (kroumyam)


gallium

gallium n (genitive galliī); second declension

galliī (genitive)
gallium (nominative singular)
gallia (nominative plural)
galliī (genitive singular)
galliōrum (genitive plural)
galliō (dative singular)
galliīs (dative plural)
gallium (accusative singular)
gallia (accusative plural)
galliō (ablative singular)
galliīs (ablative plural)
gallium (singular vocative)
gallia (plural vocative)

[ˈɡälːʲiʊ̃ˑ]


germanium

germānium n (genitive germāniī); second declension

germānium (canonical neuter)
germāniī (genitive)
germānium (nominative singular)
germānia (nominative plural)
germāniī (genitive singular)
germāniōrum (genitive plural)
germāniō (dative singular)
germāniīs (dative plural)
germānium (accusative singular)
germānia (accusative plural)
germāniō (ablative singular)
germāniīs (ablative plural)
germānium (singular vocative)
germānia (plural vocative)

[ɡɛrˈmäːniʊ̃ˑ]


selenium

selēnium n (genitive selēniī); second declension

selēnium (canonical neuter)
selēniī (genitive)
selēnium (nominative singular)
selēnia (nominative plural)
selēniī (genitive singular)
selēniōrum (genitive plural)
selēniō (dative singular)
selēniīs (dative plural)
selēnium (accusative singular)
selēnia (accusative plural)
selēniō (ablative singular)
selēniīs (ablative plural)
selēnium (singular vocative)
selēnia (plural vocative)

[s̠ɛˈɫ̪eːniʊ̃ˑ]

From Ancient Greek Σελήνη (Selḗnē, “moon”) + -ium.


rubidium

rūbidium n (genitive rūbidiī); second declension

rūbidium (canonical neuter)
rūbidiī (genitive)
rūbidium (nominative singular)
rūbidia (nominative plural)
rūbidiī (genitive singular)
rūbidiōrum (genitive plural)
rūbidiō (dative singular)
rūbidiīs (dative plural)
rūbidium (accusative singular)
rūbidia (accusative plural)
rūbidiō (ablative singular)
rūbidiīs (ablative plural)
rūbidium (singular vocative)
rūbidia (plural vocative)

[ruːˈbɪd̪iʊ̃ˑ]


strontium

strontium n (genitive strontiī); second declension

strontiī (genitive)
strontium (nominative singular)
strontia (nominative plural)
strontiī (genitive singular)
strontiōrum (genitive plural)
strontiō (dative singular)
strontiīs (dative plural)
strontium (accusative singular)
strontia (accusative plural)
strontiō (ablative singular)
strontiīs (ablative plural)
strontium (singular vocative)
strontia (plural vocative)

[ˈs̠t̪rɔn̪t̪iʊ̃ˑ]


yttrium

yttrium n (genitive yttriī); second declension

yttriī (genitive)
yttrium (nominative singular)
yttria (nominative plural)
yttriī (genitive singular)
yttriōrum (genitive plural)
yttriō (dative singular)
yttriīs (dative plural)
yttrium (accusative singular)
yttria (accusative plural)
yttriō (ablative singular)
yttriīs (ablative plural)
yttrium (singular vocative)
yttria (plural vocative)

[ˈʏt̪ːriʊ̃ˑ]


zirconium

zircōnium n (genitive zircōniī); second declension

zircōnium (canonical neuter)
zircōniī (genitive)
zircōnium (nominative singular)
zircōnia (nominative plural)
zircōniī (genitive singular)
zircōniōrum (genitive plural)
zircōniō (dative singular)
zircōniīs (dative plural)
zircōnium (accusative singular)
zircōnia (accusative plural)
zircōniō (ablative singular)
zircōniīs (ablative plural)
zircōnium (singular vocative)
zircōnia (plural vocative)


niobium

niobium n (genitive niobiī); second declension

niobiī (genitive)
niobium (nominative singular)
niobia (nominative plural)
niobiī (genitive singular)
niobiōrum (genitive plural)
niobiō (dative singular)
niobiīs (dative plural)
niobium (accusative singular)
niobia (accusative plural)
niobiō (ablative singular)
niobiīs (ablative plural)
niobium (singular vocative)
niobia (plural vocative)


technetium

technētium n (genitive technētiī); second declension

technētium (canonical neuter)
technētiī (genitive)
technētium (nominative singular)
technētia (nominative plural)
technētiī (genitive singular)
technētiōrum (genitive plural)
technētiō (dative singular)
technētiīs (dative plural)
technētium (accusative singular)
technētia (accusative plural)
technētiō (ablative singular)
technētiīs (ablative plural)
technētium (singular vocative)
technētia (plural vocative)

[t̪ɛkʰˈneːt̪iʊ̃ˑ]


ruthenium

ruthenium n (genitive rutheniī); second declension

rutheniī (genitive)
ruthenium (nominative singular)
ruthenia (nominative plural)
rutheniī (genitive singular)
rutheniōrum (genitive plural)
rutheniō (dative singular)
rutheniīs (dative plural)
ruthenium (accusative singular)
ruthenia (accusative plural)
rutheniō (ablative singular)
rutheniīs (ablative plural)
ruthenium (singular vocative)
ruthenia (plural vocative)

[rʊˈt̪ʰɛniʊ̃ˑ]


rhodium

rhodium n (genitive rhodiī); second declension

rhodiī (genitive)
rhodium (nominative singular)
rhodia (nominative plural)
rhodiī (genitive singular)
rhodiōrum (genitive plural)
rhodiō (dative singular)
rhodiīs (dative plural)
rhodium (accusative singular)
rhodia (accusative plural)
rhodiō (ablative singular)
rhodiīs (ablative plural)
rhodium (singular vocative)
rhodia (plural vocative)

→ Danish: rhodium

→ Dutch: rhodium

→ English: rhodium

→ French: rhodium

→ German: Rhodium

→ Italian: rodio

→ Luxembourgish: Rhodium

→ Norwegian:

Norwegian Bokmål: rhodium

Norwegian Nynorsk: rhodium

→ Spanish: rodio

Modern Latin, from Ancient Greek ῥόδον (rhódon, “rose”).


palladium

palladium n (genitive palladiī); second declension

palladiī (genitive)
palladium (nominative singular)
palladia (nominative plural)
palladiī (genitive singular)
palladiōrum (genitive plural)
palladiō (dative singular)
palladiīs (dative plural)
palladium (accusative singular)
palladia (accusative plural)
palladiō (ablative singular)
palladiīs (ablative plural)
palladium (singular vocative)
palladia (plural vocative)

[pälˈlʲäd̪iʊ̃ˑ]

From Ancient Greek παλλάδιον (palládion), neuter of παλλάδιος (palládios), Παλλάς (Pallás, “of Pallas”). See Pallas.

palladium, one of perhaps several statues of Athena, as in the Iliad and Aeneid, believed to safeguard Troy, and later, various Italian cities


cadmium

cadmium n (genitive cadmiī); second declension

cadmiī (genitive)
cadmium (nominative singular)
cadmia (nominative plural)
cadmiī (genitive singular)
cadmiōrum (genitive plural)
cadmiō (dative singular)
cadmiīs (dative plural)
cadmium (accusative singular)
cadmia (accusative plural)
cadmiō (ablative singular)
cadmiīs (ablative plural)
cadmium (singular vocative)
cadmia (plural vocative)

[ˈkäd̪miʊ̃ˑ]


indium

indium n (genitive indiī); second declension

indiī (genitive)
indium (nominative singular)
india (nominative plural)
indiī (genitive singular)
indiōrum (genitive plural)
indiō (dative singular)
indiīs (dative plural)
indium (accusative singular)
india (accusative plural)
indiō (ablative singular)
indiīs (ablative plural)
indium (singular vocative)
india (plural vocative)

[ˈɪn̪d̪iʊ̃ˑ]


tellurium

tellūrium n (genitive tellūriī); second declension

tellūrium (canonical neuter)
tellūriī (genitive)
tellūrium (nominative singular)
tellūria (nominative plural)
tellūriī (genitive singular)
tellūriōrum (genitive plural)
tellūriō (dative singular)
tellūriīs (dative plural)
tellūrium (accusative singular)
tellūria (accusative plural)
tellūriō (ablative singular)
tellūriīs (ablative plural)
tellūrium (singular vocative)
tellūria (plural vocative)

[t̪ɛlˈlʲuːriʊ̃ˑ]


xenon

xenon n (genitive xenī); second declension

xenī (genitive)
xenon (nominative singular)
xena (nominative plural)
xenī (genitive singular)
xenōrum (genitive plural)
xenō (dative singular)
xenīs (dative plural)
xenon (accusative singular)
xena (accusative plural)
xenō (ablative singular)
xenīs (ablative plural)
xenon (singular vocative)
xena (plural vocative)

Derived from Ancient Greek ξένον (xénon), which is the neuter of ξένος (xénos, “foreign, strange”).


barium

barium n (genitive bariī); second declension

bariī (genitive)
barium (nominative singular)
baria (nominative plural)
bariī (genitive singular)
bariōrum (genitive plural)
bariō (dative singular)
bariīs (dative plural)
barium (accusative singular)
baria (accusative plural)
bariō (ablative singular)
bariīs (ablative plural)
barium (singular vocative)
baria (plural vocative)


lanthanum

lanthanum n (genitive lanthanī); second declension

lanthanī (genitive)
lanthanum (nominative singular)
lanthana (nominative plural)
lanthanī (genitive singular)
lanthanōrum (genitive plural)
lanthanō (dative singular)
lanthanīs (dative plural)
lanthanum (accusative singular)
lanthana (accusative plural)
lanthanō (ablative singular)
lanthanīs (ablative plural)
lanthanum (singular vocative)
lanthana (plural vocative)

[ˈɫ̪än̪t̪ʰänʊ̃ˑ]


cerium

cērium n (genitive cēriī or cērī); second declension

cērium (canonical neuter)
cēriī (genitive)
cērī (genitive)
cērium (nominative singular)
cēria (nominative plural)
cēriī (genitive singular)
cērī (genitive singular)
cēriōrum (genitive plural)
cēriō (dative singular)
cēriīs (dative plural)
cērium (accusative singular)
cēria (accusative plural)
cēriō (ablative singular)
cēriīs (ablative plural)
cērium (singular vocative)
cēria (plural vocative)


praseodymium

praseodymium n (genitive praseodymiī); second declension

praseodymiī (genitive)
praseodymium (nominative singular)
praseodymia (nominative plural)
praseodymiī (genitive singular)
praseodymiōrum (genitive plural)
praseodymiō (dative singular)
praseodymiīs (dative plural)
praseodymium (accusative singular)
praseodymia (accusative plural)
praseodymiō (ablative singular)
praseodymiīs (ablative plural)
praseodymium (singular vocative)
praseodymia (plural vocative)

[präs̠eɔˈd̪ʏmiʊ̃ˑ]


neodymium

neodymium n (genitive neodymiī); second declension

neodymiī (genitive)
neodymium (nominative singular)
neodymia (nominative plural)
neodymiī (genitive singular)
neodymiōrum (genitive plural)
neodymiō (dative singular)
neodymiīs (dative plural)
neodymium (accusative singular)
neodymia (accusative plural)
neodymiō (ablative singular)
neodymiīs (ablative plural)
neodymium (singular vocative)
neodymia (plural vocative)

[neɔˈd̪ʏmiʊ̃ˑ]


promethium

promēthium n (genitive promēthiī); second declension

promēthium (canonical neuter)
promēthiī (genitive)
promēthium (nominative singular)
promēthia (nominative plural)
promēthiī (genitive singular)
promēthiōrum (genitive plural)
promēthiō (dative singular)
promēthiīs (dative plural)
promēthium (accusative singular)
promēthia (accusative plural)
promēthiō (ablative singular)
promēthiīs (ablative plural)
promēthium (singular vocative)
promēthia (plural vocative)

[prɔˈmeːt̪ʰiʊ̃ˑ]


samarium

samarium n (genitive samariī); second declension

samariī (genitive)
samarium (nominative singular)
samaria (nominative plural)
samariī (genitive singular)
samariōrum (genitive plural)
samariō (dative singular)
samariīs (dative plural)
samarium (accusative singular)
samaria (accusative plural)
samariō (ablative singular)
samariīs (ablative plural)
samarium (singular vocative)
samaria (plural vocative)

[s̠äˈmäriʊ̃ˑ]


europium

eurōpium n (genitive eurōpiī); second declension

eurōpium (canonical neuter)
eurōpiī (genitive)
eurōpium (nominative singular)
eurōpia (nominative plural)
eurōpiī (genitive singular)
eurōpiōrum (genitive plural)
eurōpiō (dative singular)
eurōpiīs (dative plural)
eurōpium (accusative singular)
eurōpia (accusative plural)
eurōpiō (ablative singular)
eurōpiīs (ablative plural)
eurōpium (singular vocative)
eurōpia (plural vocative)

[ɛu̯ˈroːpiʊ̃ˑ]


gadolinium

gadolinium n (genitive gadoliniī); second declension

gadoliniī (genitive)
gadolinium (nominative singular)
gadolinia (nominative plural)
gadoliniī (genitive singular)
gadoliniōrum (genitive plural)
gadoliniō (dative singular)
gadoliniīs (dative plural)
gadolinium (accusative singular)
gadolinia (accusative plural)
gadoliniō (ablative singular)
gadoliniīs (ablative plural)
gadolinium (singular vocative)
gadolinia (plural vocative)

[ɡäd̪ɔˈlʲɪniʊ̃ˑ]


terbium

terbium n (genitive terbiī); second declension

terbiī (genitive)
terbium (nominative singular)
terbia (nominative plural)
terbiī (genitive singular)
terbiōrum (genitive plural)
terbiō (dative singular)
terbiīs (dative plural)
terbium (accusative singular)
terbia (accusative plural)
terbiō (ablative singular)
terbiīs (ablative plural)
terbium (singular vocative)
terbia (plural vocative)

[ˈt̪ɛrbiʊ̃ˑ]


dysprosium

dysprosium n (genitive dysprosiī); second declension

dysprosiī (genitive)
dysprosium (nominative singular)
dysprosia (nominative plural)
dysprosiī (genitive singular)
dysprosiōrum (genitive plural)
dysprosiō (dative singular)
dysprosiīs (dative plural)
dysprosium (accusative singular)
dysprosia (accusative plural)
dysprosiō (ablative singular)
dysprosiīs (ablative plural)
dysprosium (singular vocative)
dysprosia (plural vocative)

[d̪ʏs̠ˈprɔs̠iʊ̃ˑ]


holmium

holmium n (genitive holmiī); second declension

holmiī (genitive)
holmium (nominative singular)
holmia (nominative plural)
holmiī (genitive singular)
holmiōrum (genitive plural)
holmiō (dative singular)
holmiīs (dative plural)
holmium (accusative singular)
holmia (accusative plural)
holmiō (ablative singular)
holmiīs (ablative plural)
holmium (singular vocative)
holmia (plural vocative)

[ˈhɔɫ̪miʊ̃ˑ]


erbium

erbium n (genitive erbiī); second declension

erbiī (genitive)
erbium (nominative singular)
erbia (nominative plural)
erbiī (genitive singular)
erbiōrum (genitive plural)
erbiō (dative singular)
erbiīs (dative plural)
erbium (accusative singular)
erbia (accusative plural)
erbiō (ablative singular)
erbiīs (ablative plural)
erbium (singular vocative)
erbia (plural vocative)

From Swedish Ytterby (the name of the town where the element was first discovered) + -ium. Coined by Swedish chemist and mineralogist Carl Gustaf Mosander in 1843.

af

Ytterby<lang:sv><pos:the name of the town where the element was first discovered>


thulium

la-noun

thūlium n (genitive thūliī); second declension

thūlium (canonical neuter)
thūliī (genitive)
thūlium (nominative singular)
thūlia (nominative plural)
thūliī (genitive singular)
thūliōrum (genitive plural)
thūliō (dative singular)
thūliīs (dative plural)
thūlium (accusative singular)
thūlia (accusative plural)
thūliō (ablative singular)
thūliīs (ablative plural)
thūlium (singular vocative)
thūlia (plural vocative)

[ˈt̪ʰuːlʲiʊ̃ˑ]


ytterbium

ytterbium n (genitive ytterbiī); second declension

ytterbiī (genitive)
ytterbium (nominative singular)
ytterbia (nominative plural)
ytterbiī (genitive singular)
ytterbiōrum (genitive plural)
ytterbiō (dative singular)
ytterbiīs (dative plural)
ytterbium (accusative singular)
ytterbia (accusative plural)
ytterbiō (ablative singular)
ytterbiīs (ablative plural)
ytterbium (singular vocative)
ytterbia (plural vocative)

[ʏt̪ˈt̪ɛrbiʊ̃ˑ]


lutetium

lutetium n (genitive lutetiī); second declension

lutetiī (genitive)
lutetium (nominative singular)
lutetia (nominative plural)
lutetiī (genitive singular)
lutetiōrum (genitive plural)
lutetiō (dative singular)
lutetiīs (dative plural)
lutetium (accusative singular)
lutetia (accusative plural)
lutetiō (ablative singular)
lutetiīs (ablative plural)
lutetium (singular vocative)
lutetia (plural vocative)

[ɫ̪ʊˈt̪ɛt̪iʊ̃ˑ]


hafnium

hafnium n (genitive hafniī); second declension

hafniī (genitive)
hafnium (nominative singular)
hafnia (nominative plural)
hafniī (genitive singular)
hafniōrum (genitive plural)
hafniō (dative singular)
hafniīs (dative plural)
hafnium (accusative singular)
hafnia (accusative plural)
hafniō (ablative singular)
hafniīs (ablative plural)
hafnium (singular vocative)
hafnia (plural vocative)


tantalum

tantalum n (genitive tantalī); second declension

tantalī (genitive)
tantalum (nominative singular)
tantala (nominative plural)
tantalī (genitive singular)
tantalōrum (genitive plural)
tantalō (dative singular)
tantalīs (dative plural)
tantalum (accusative singular)
tantala (accusative plural)
tantalō (ablative singular)
tantalīs (ablative plural)
tantalum (singular vocative)
tantala (plural vocative)

[ˈt̪än̪t̪äɫ̪ʊ̃ˑ]


rhenium

rhēnium n (genitive rhēniī); second declension

rhēnium (canonical neuter)
rhēniī (genitive)
rhēnium (nominative singular)
rhēnia (nominative plural)
rhēniī (genitive singular)
rhēniōrum (genitive plural)
rhēniō (dative singular)
rhēniīs (dative plural)
rhēnium (accusative singular)
rhēnia (accusative plural)
rhēniō (ablative singular)
rhēniīs (ablative plural)
rhēnium (singular vocative)
rhēnia (plural vocative)


osmium

osmium n (genitive osmiī); second declension

osmiī (genitive)
osmium (nominative singular)
osmia (nominative plural)
osmiī (genitive singular)
osmiōrum (genitive plural)
osmiō (dative singular)
osmiīs (dative plural)
osmium (accusative singular)
osmia (accusative plural)
osmiō (ablative singular)
osmiīs (ablative plural)
osmium (singular vocative)
osmia (plural vocative)

From Ancient Greek ὀσμή (osmḗ, “stench, stink”), referring to the smell of its tetroxide.


iridium

la-noun

īridium n (genitive īridiī); second declension

īridium (canonical neuter)
īridiī (genitive)
īridium (nominative singular)
īridia (nominative plural)
īridiī (genitive singular)
īridiōrum (genitive plural)
īridiō (dative singular)
īridiīs (dative plural)
īridium (accusative singular)
īridia (accusative plural)
īridiō (ablative singular)
īridiīs (ablative plural)
īridium (singular vocative)
īridia (plural vocative)

[iːˈrɪd̪iʊ̃ˑ]

New Latin iridium is from Classical Latin iris, from Ancient Greek ἶρις (îris, “rainbow”), because of the bright colour of many of the element's salts.


platinum

platīnum n (genitive platīnī); second declension

platīnum (canonical neuter)
platīnī (genitive)
platīnum (nominative singular)
platīna (nominative plural)
platīnī (genitive singular)
platīnōrum (genitive plural)
platīnō (dative singular)
platīnīs (dative plural)
platīnum (accusative singular)
platīna (accusative plural)
platīnō (ablative singular)
platīnīs (ablative plural)
platīnum (singular vocative)
platīna (plural vocative)

[pɫ̪äˈt̪iːnʊ̃ˑ]


thallium

thallium n (genitive thalliī); second declension

thalliī (genitive)
thallium (nominative singular)
thallia (nominative plural)
thalliī (genitive singular)
thalliōrum (genitive plural)
thalliō (dative singular)
thalliīs (dative plural)
thallium (accusative singular)
thallia (accusative plural)
thalliō (ablative singular)
thalliīs (ablative plural)
thallium (singular vocative)
thallia (plural vocative)

[ˈt̪ʰälːʲiʊ̃ˑ]


polonium

polōnium n (genitive polōniī); second declension

polōnium (canonical neuter)
polōniī (genitive)
polōnium (nominative singular)
polōnia (nominative plural)
polōniī (genitive singular)
polōniōrum (genitive plural)
polōniō (dative singular)
polōniīs (dative plural)
polōnium (accusative singular)
polōnia (accusative plural)
polōniō (ablative singular)
polōniīs (ablative plural)
polōnium (singular vocative)
polōnia (plural vocative)

[pɔˈɫ̪oːniʊ̃ˑ]


radon

radon n (genitive radī); second declension

radī (genitive)
radon (nominative singular)
rada (nominative plural)
radī (genitive singular)
radōrum (genitive plural)
radō (dative singular)
radīs (dative plural)
radon (accusative singular)
rada (accusative plural)
radō (ablative singular)
radīs (ablative plural)
radon (singular vocative)
rada (plural vocative)


francium

francium n (genitive franciī); second declension

franciī (genitive)
francium (nominative singular)
francia (nominative plural)
franciī (genitive singular)
franciōrum (genitive plural)
franciō (dative singular)
franciīs (dative plural)
francium (accusative singular)
francia (accusative plural)
franciō (ablative singular)
franciīs (ablative plural)
francium (singular vocative)
francia (plural vocative)

[ˈfräŋkiʊ̃ˑ]


actinium

actīnium n (genitive actīniī); second declension

actīnium (canonical neuter)
actīniī (genitive)
actīnium (nominative singular)
actīnia (nominative plural)
actīniī (genitive singular)
actīniōrum (genitive plural)
actīniō (dative singular)
actīniīs (dative plural)
actīnium (accusative singular)
actīnia (accusative plural)
actīniō (ablative singular)
actīniīs (ablative plural)
actīnium (singular vocative)
actīnia (plural vocative)

[äkˈt̪iːniʊ̃ˑ]

From Ancient Greek ἀκτίς, ἀκτῖν- (aktís, aktîn-, “ray”).

der

ἀκτίς, ἀκτῖν-


thorium

la-noun

thōrium n (genitive thōriī); second declension

thōrium (canonical neuter)
thōriī (genitive)
thōrium (nominative singular)
thōria (nominative plural)
thōriī (genitive singular)
thōriōrum (genitive plural)
thōriō (dative singular)
thōriīs (dative plural)
thōrium (accusative singular)
thōria (accusative plural)
thōriō (ablative singular)
thōriīs (ablative plural)
thōrium (singular vocative)
thōria (plural vocative)

[ˈt̪ʰoːriʊ̃ˑ]


protactinium

prōtactīnium n (genitive prōtactīniī); second declension

prōtactīnium (canonical neuter)
prōtactīniī (genitive)
prōtactīnium (nominative singular)
prōtactīnia (nominative plural)
prōtactīniī (genitive singular)
prōtactīniōrum (genitive plural)
prōtactīniō (dative singular)
prōtactīniīs (dative plural)
prōtactīnium (accusative singular)
prōtactīnia (accusative plural)
prōtactīniō (ablative singular)
prōtactīniīs (ablative plural)
prōtactīnium (singular vocative)
prōtactīnia (plural vocative)


uranium

ūranium n (genitive ūraniī); second declension

ūranium (canonical neuter)
ūraniī (genitive)
ūranium (nominative singular)
ūrania (nominative plural)
ūraniī (genitive singular)
ūraniōrum (genitive plural)
ūraniō (dative singular)
ūraniīs (dative plural)
ūranium (accusative singular)
ūrania (accusative plural)
ūraniō (ablative singular)
ūraniīs (ablative plural)
ūranium (singular vocative)
ūrania (plural vocative)

[uːˈräniʊ̃ˑ]


neptunium

neptūnium n (genitive neptūniī); second declension

neptūnium (canonical neuter)
neptūniī (genitive)
neptūnium (nominative singular)
neptūnia (nominative plural)
neptūniī (genitive singular)
neptūniōrum (genitive plural)
neptūniō (dative singular)
neptūniīs (dative plural)
neptūnium (accusative singular)
neptūnia (accusative plural)
neptūniō (ablative singular)
neptūniīs (ablative plural)
neptūnium (singular vocative)
neptūnia (plural vocative)


plutonium

plūtōnium n (genitive plūtōniī); second declension

plūtōnium (canonical neuter)
plūtōniī (genitive)
plūtōnium (nominative singular)
plūtōnia (nominative plural)
plūtōniī (genitive singular)
plūtōniōrum (genitive plural)
plūtōniō (dative singular)
plūtōniīs (dative plural)
plūtōnium (accusative singular)
plūtōnia (accusative plural)
plūtōniō (ablative singular)
plūtōniīs (ablative plural)
plūtōnium (singular vocative)
plūtōnia (plural vocative)

[pɫ̪uːˈt̪oːniʊ̃ˑ]


americium

americium n (genitive americiī); second declension

americiī (genitive)
americium (nominative singular)
americia (nominative plural)
americiī (genitive singular)
americiōrum (genitive plural)
americiō (dative singular)
americiīs (dative plural)
americium (accusative singular)
americia (accusative plural)
americiō (ablative singular)
americiīs (ablative plural)
americium (singular vocative)
americia (plural vocative)

[ämɛˈrɪkiʊ̃ˑ]


curium

curium n (genitive curiī); second declension

curiī (genitive)
curium (nominative singular)
curia (nominative plural)
curiī (genitive singular)
curiōrum (genitive plural)
curiō (dative singular)
curiīs (dative plural)
curium (accusative singular)
curia (accusative plural)
curiō (ablative singular)
curiīs (ablative plural)
curium (singular vocative)
curia (plural vocative)


berkelium

berkelium n (genitive berkeliī); second declension

berkeliī (genitive)
berkelium (nominative singular)
berkelia (nominative plural)
berkeliī (genitive singular)
berkeliōrum (genitive plural)
berkeliō (dative singular)
berkeliīs (dative plural)
berkelium (accusative singular)
berkelia (accusative plural)
berkeliō (ablative singular)
berkeliīs (ablative plural)
berkelium (singular vocative)
berkelia (plural vocative)

[bɛrˈkɛlʲiʊ̃ˑ]


californium

californium n (genitive californiī); second declension

californiī (genitive)
californium (nominative singular)
california (nominative plural)
californiī (genitive singular)
californiōrum (genitive plural)
californiō (dative singular)
californiīs (dative plural)
californium (accusative singular)
california (accusative plural)
californiō (ablative singular)
californiīs (ablative plural)
californium (singular vocative)
california (plural vocative)

[kälʲɪˈfɔrniʊ̃ˑ]


einsteinium

einsteinium n (genitive einsteiniī); second declension

einsteiniī (genitive)
einsteinium (nominative singular)
einsteinia (nominative plural)
einsteiniī (genitive singular)
einsteiniōrum (genitive plural)
einsteiniō (dative singular)
einsteiniīs (dative plural)
einsteinium (accusative singular)
einsteinia (accusative plural)
einsteiniō (ablative singular)
einsteiniīs (ablative plural)
einsteinium (singular vocative)
einsteinia (plural vocative)

[ɛi̯nˈs̠t̪ɛi̯niʊ̃ˑ]


fermium

fermium n (genitive fermiī); second declension

fermiī (genitive)
fermium (nominative singular)
fermia (nominative plural)
fermiī (genitive singular)
fermiōrum (genitive plural)
fermiō (dative singular)
fermiīs (dative plural)
fermium (accusative singular)
fermia (accusative plural)
fermiō (ablative singular)
fermiīs (ablative plural)
fermium (singular vocative)
fermia (plural vocative)

→ English: fermium

→ Italian: fermio

Named after Italian physicist Enrico Fermi (1901–1954).
Derived from Fermi + -ium (chemical element suffix). For the surname see Fermi.


mendelevium

la-noun

mendelēvium n (genitive mendelēviī); second declension

mendelēvium (canonical neuter)
mendelēviī (genitive)
mendelēvium (nominative singular)
mendelēvia (nominative plural)
mendelēviī (genitive singular)
mendelēviōrum (genitive plural)
mendelēviō (dative singular)
mendelēviīs (dative plural)
mendelēvium (accusative singular)
mendelēvia (accusative plural)
mendelēviō (ablative singular)
mendelēviīs (ablative plural)
mendelēvium (singular vocative)
mendelēvia (plural vocative)

→ English: mendelevium

→ Italian: mendelevio

[mɛn̪d̪ɛˈɫ̪eːu̯iʊ̃ˑ]

Named after Russian chemist and inventor Дми́трий Ива́нович Менделе́ев (Dmítrij Ivánovič Mendeléev) (1834–1907).
Derived from Mendeleev + -ium (chemical element suffix).

lang

Дми́трий Ива́нович Менделе́ев

Дми́трий Ива́нович Менделе́ев

named-after

Дми́трий Ива́нович Менделе́ев


nobelium

la-noun

nōbēlium n (genitive nōbēliī); second declension

nōbēlium (canonical neuter)
nōbēliī (genitive)
nōbēlium (nominative singular)
nōbēlia (nominative plural)
nōbēliī (genitive singular)
nōbēliōrum (genitive plural)
nōbēliō (dative singular)
nōbēliīs (dative plural)
nōbēlium (accusative singular)
nōbēlia (accusative plural)
nōbēliō (ablative singular)
nōbēliīs (ablative plural)
nōbēlium (singular vocative)
nōbēlia (plural vocative)


lawrencium

lawrencium n (genitive lawrenciī); second declension

lawrenciī (genitive)
lawrencium (nominative singular)
lawrencia (nominative plural)
lawrenciī (genitive singular)
lawrenciōrum (genitive plural)
lawrenciō (dative singular)
lawrenciīs (dative plural)
lawrencium (accusative singular)
lawrencia (accusative plural)
lawrenciō (ablative singular)
lawrenciīs (ablative plural)
lawrencium (singular vocative)
lawrencia (plural vocative)

[ɫ̪äu̯ˈrɛŋkiʊ̃ˑ]


rutherfordium

rutherfordium n (genitive rutherfordiī); second declension

rutherfordiī (genitive)
rutherfordium (nominative singular)
rutherfordia (nominative plural)
rutherfordiī (genitive singular)
rutherfordiōrum (genitive plural)
rutherfordiō (dative singular)
rutherfordiīs (dative plural)
rutherfordium (accusative singular)
rutherfordia (accusative plural)
rutherfordiō (ablative singular)
rutherfordiīs (ablative plural)
rutherfordium (singular vocative)
rutherfordia (plural vocative)

[rʊt̪ʰɛrˈfɔrd̪iʊ̃ˑ]


dubnium

dubnium n (genitive dubniī); second declension

dubniī (genitive)
dubnium (nominative singular)
dubnia (nominative plural)
dubniī (genitive singular)
dubniōrum (genitive plural)
dubniō (dative singular)
dubniīs (dative plural)
dubnium (accusative singular)
dubnia (accusative plural)
dubniō (ablative singular)
dubniīs (ablative plural)
dubnium (singular vocative)
dubnia (plural vocative)

[ˈd̪ʊbniʊ̃ˑ]


seaborgium

seaborgium n (genitive seaborgiī); second declension

seaborgiī (genitive)
seaborgium (nominative singular)
seaborgia (nominative plural)
seaborgiī (genitive singular)
seaborgiōrum (genitive plural)
seaborgiō (dative singular)
seaborgiīs (dative plural)
seaborgium (accusative singular)
seaborgia (accusative plural)
seaborgiō (ablative singular)
seaborgiīs (ablative plural)
seaborgium (singular vocative)
seaborgia (plural vocative)

[s̠eːˈbɔrɡiʊ̃ˑ]


bohrium

bohrium n (genitive bohriī); second declension

bohriī (genitive)
bohrium (nominative singular)
bohria (nominative plural)
bohriī (genitive singular)
bohriōrum (genitive plural)
bohriō (dative singular)
bohriīs (dative plural)
bohrium (accusative singular)
bohria (accusative plural)
bohriō (ablative singular)
bohriīs (ablative plural)
bohrium (singular vocative)
bohria (plural vocative)


hassium

hassium n (genitive hassiī); second declension

hassiī (genitive)
hassium (nominative singular)
hassia (nominative plural)
hassiī (genitive singular)
hassiōrum (genitive plural)
hassiō (dative singular)
hassiīs (dative plural)
hassium (accusative singular)
hassia (accusative plural)
hassiō (ablative singular)
hassiīs (ablative plural)
hassium (singular vocative)
hassia (plural vocative)

[ˈhäs̠ːiʊ̃ˑ]

From Hassia, Latinization of Middle High German Hesse.


meitnerium

meitnerium n (genitive meitneriī); second declension

meitneriī (genitive)
meitnerium (nominative singular)
meitneria (nominative plural)
meitneriī (genitive singular)
meitneriōrum (genitive plural)
meitneriō (dative singular)
meitneriīs (dative plural)
meitnerium (accusative singular)
meitneria (accusative plural)
meitneriō (ablative singular)
meitneriīs (ablative plural)
meitnerium (singular vocative)
meitneria (plural vocative)

[mɛi̯t̪ˈnɛriʊ̃ˑ]


roentgenium

roentgenium n (genitive roentgeniī); second declension

roentgeniī (genitive)
roentgenium (nominative singular)
roentgenia (nominative plural)
roentgeniī (genitive singular)
roentgeniōrum (genitive plural)
roentgeniō (dative singular)
roentgeniīs (dative plural)
roentgenium (accusative singular)
roentgenia (accusative plural)
roentgeniō (ablative singular)
roentgeniīs (ablative plural)
roentgenium (singular vocative)
roentgenia (plural vocative)

[roe̯n̪d̪ˈɡɛniʊ̃ˑ]


ununtrium

ūnūntrium n (genitive ūnūntriī); second declension

ūnūntrium (canonical neuter)
ūnūntriī (genitive)
ūnūntrium (nominative singular)
ūnūntria (nominative plural)
ūnūntriī (genitive singular)
ūnūntriōrum (genitive plural)
ūnūntriō (dative singular)
ūnūntriīs (dative plural)
ūnūntrium (accusative singular)
ūnūntria (accusative plural)
ūnūntriō (ablative singular)
ūnūntriīs (ablative plural)
ūnūntrium (singular vocative)
ūnūntria (plural vocative)


ununquadium

ūnūnquadium n (genitive ūnūnquadiī); second declension

ūnūnquadium (canonical neuter)
ūnūnquadiī (genitive)
ūnūnquadium (nominative singular)
ūnūnquadia (nominative plural)
ūnūnquadiī (genitive singular)
ūnūnquadiōrum (genitive plural)
ūnūnquadiō (dative singular)
ūnūnquadiīs (dative plural)
ūnūnquadium (accusative singular)
ūnūnquadia (accusative plural)
ūnūnquadiō (ablative singular)
ūnūnquadiīs (ablative plural)
ūnūnquadium (singular vocative)
ūnūnquadia (plural vocative)

[uːnuːŋˈkʷäd̪iʊ̃ˑ]


ununpentium

ūnūnpentium n (genitive ūnūnpentiī); second declension

ūnūnpentium (canonical neuter)
ūnūnpentiī (genitive)
ūnūnpentium (nominative singular)
ūnūnpentia (nominative plural)
ūnūnpentiī (genitive singular)
ūnūnpentiōrum (genitive plural)
ūnūnpentiō (dative singular)
ūnūnpentiīs (dative plural)
ūnūnpentium (accusative singular)
ūnūnpentia (accusative plural)
ūnūnpentiō (ablative singular)
ūnūnpentiīs (ablative plural)
ūnūnpentium (singular vocative)
ūnūnpentia (plural vocative)


ununhexium

ūnūnhexium n (genitive ūnūnhexiī); second declension

ūnūnhexium (canonical neuter)
ūnūnhexiī (genitive)
ūnūnhexium (nominative singular)
ūnūnhexia (nominative plural)
ūnūnhexiī (genitive singular)
ūnūnhexiōrum (genitive plural)
ūnūnhexiō (dative singular)
ūnūnhexiīs (dative plural)
ūnūnhexium (accusative singular)
ūnūnhexia (accusative plural)
ūnūnhexiō (ablative singular)
ūnūnhexiīs (ablative plural)
ūnūnhexium (singular vocative)
ūnūnhexia (plural vocative)

Derived from ūn(us) (“one”) + ūn(us) + hex(a)- (“six”) + -ium (chemical element suffix), in reference to the element's atomic number (116).


ununseptium

la-noun

ūnūnseptium n (genitive ūnūnseptiī); second declension

ūnūnseptium (canonical neuter)
ūnūnseptiī (genitive)
ūnūnseptium (nominative singular)
ūnūnseptia (nominative plural)
ūnūnseptiī (genitive singular)
ūnūnseptiōrum (genitive plural)
ūnūnseptiō (dative singular)
ūnūnseptiīs (dative plural)
ūnūnseptium (accusative singular)
ūnūnseptia (accusative plural)
ūnūnseptiō (ablative singular)
ūnūnseptiīs (ablative plural)
ūnūnseptium (singular vocative)
ūnūnseptia (plural vocative)

Italian: ununseptio

[uːnũːˈs̠ɛpt̪iʊ̃ˑ]

Derived from ūn(us) (“one”) + ūn(us) + sept(em) (“seven”) + -ium (chemical element suffix), in reference to the element's atomic number (117).


ununoctium

la-noun

ūnūnoctium n (genitive ūnūnoctiī); second declension

ūnūnoctium (canonical neuter)
ūnūnoctiī (genitive)
ūnūnoctium (nominative singular)
ūnūnoctia (nominative plural)
ūnūnoctiī (genitive singular)
ūnūnoctiōrum (genitive plural)
ūnūnoctiō (dative singular)
ūnūnoctiīs (dative plural)
ūnūnoctium (accusative singular)
ūnūnoctia (accusative plural)
ūnūnoctiō (ablative singular)
ūnūnoctiīs (ablative plural)
ūnūnoctium (singular vocative)
ūnūnoctia (plural vocative)

Italian: ununoctio

Derived from ūn(us) (“one”) + ūn(us) + oct(ō) (“eight”) + -ium (chemical element suffix), in reference to the element's atomic number (118).


laudanum

la-noun

laudanum n (genitive laudanī); second declension

laudanī (genitive)
laudanum (nominative singular)
laudana (nominative plural)
laudanī (genitive singular)
laudanōrum (genitive plural)
laudanō (dative singular)
laudanīs (dative plural)
laudanum (accusative singular)
laudana (accusative plural)
laudanō (ablative singular)
laudanīs (ablative plural)
laudanum (singular vocative)
laudana (plural vocative)

[ˈɫ̪äu̯d̪änʊ̃ˑ]


acetabulum

acētābulum n (genitive acētābulī); second declension

acētābulum (canonical neuter)
acētābulī (genitive)
acētābulum (nominative singular)
acētābula (nominative plural)
acētābulī (genitive singular)
acētābulōrum (genitive plural)
acētābulō (dative singular)
acētābulīs (dative plural)
acētābulum (accusative singular)
acētābula (accusative plural)
acētābulō (ablative singular)
acētābulīs (ablative plural)
acētābulum (singular vocative)
acētābula (plural vocative)
acetabulus (alternative)

→ Catalan: acetàbul

→ English: acetabulum

→ Esperanto: acetabulo

→ French: acétabule, acétabulum

Italian: acetabolo

→ Portuguese: acetábulo

→ Romanian: acetabul

→ Russian: ацетабул (acetabul)

→ Spanish: acetábulo

[äkeːˈt̪äːbʊɫ̪ʊ̃ˑ]

From acētum (“vinegar”) + -bulum (“a vessel for”).

suffix

saucer, any similarly sized and shaped dish


aqua

la-noun

aqua f (genitive aquae); first declension

aquae (genitive)
aqua (nominative singular)
aquae (nominative plural)
aquae (genitive singular)
aquārum (genitive plural)
aquae (dative singular)
aquīs (dative plural)
aquam (accusative singular)
aquās (accusative plural)
aquā (ablative singular)
aquīs (ablative plural)
aqua (singular vocative)
aquae (plural vocative)
acua (alternative)
acqua (alternative)

Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: apã, ape

Istro-Romanian: åpe

Megleno-Romanian: apu

Romanian: apă

Gallo-Italic

Emilian: âcua

Ligurian: aigua, ægoa

Old Lombard: aqua

Lombard: ègua, eigua, aigua

Gallo-Italic of Sicily: egua, eua

Piedmontese: eva, ava

Romagnol: aqua, acva

Venetan: àcua

Gallo-Romance:

Aragonese: augua, aigua, agua

Old Catalan: aigua

Catalan: aigua

Old Franco-Provençal: egua, aigua, eva

Franco-Provençal: aigoua, aiva, égoua

desctree

Old French: iaue, yaue, eve, eaue, aigue, ewe, euwe, egua, ayve, aive
Angevin: iau, ève, aive
Bourbonnais-Berrichon: iau, aïe, aigue
Bourguignon: aoue, ea, aie
Champenois: iau, aive
Franc-Comtois: âve
Gallo: iau, ève, aive
Lorrain: auve, aoue, ôve
Middle French: eau, eaue
French: eau (see there for further descendants)
Norman: iâo, iaoue (Guernsey), ieau (Jersey), yo (Sark)
Picard: iau, ieu (Amiens)
Poitevin-Saintongeais: aeve, égue, éau
Walloon: aiwe

Old Occitan: agua, aigua, aiga

Ibero-Romance:

Navarro-Aragonese: agua

Old Leonese: agua

Asturian: agua

Extremaduran: áugua

Leonese: augua

Mirandese: auga

Old Galician-Portuguese: agua, auga, augua
Fala: agua
Galician: auga, agua
Portuguese: água, auga (regional)
Angolar: awa
Annobonese: aua
Guinea-Bissau Creole: iagu
Indo-Portuguese: ag
Kabuverdianu: agu
Korlai Creole Portuguese: ag
Kristang: agu
Macanese: águ
Papiamentu: awa
Principense: awa
Sãotomense: awa

Old Spanish: agua
Ladino: agua, אגואה
Spanish: agua, awa (eye dialect)
Chavacano: agua
Media Lengua: awa
Palenquero: agua
Papiamentu: awa
→ Hanunoo: agwa
→ Hiligaynon: agwa
→ Tagalog: agwa

→ Sabir: agua, lagua

Italo-Dalmatian

Corsican: acqua

desc

Dalmatian: jacqua, acqua, aqua, yacqua, iacqua

Gallurese: ea, eva

Istriot: aqua

Italian: acqua

→ Lombard: acqua

Neapolitan: aqua

Tarantino: acqua

Sassarese: eba

Sicilian: acqua, iacqua, jacqua

Rhaeto-Romance:

Friulian: aghe

Ladin: ega (Cazét), aga (Brach)

Romansch: aua, ava, ova

Sardinian:

Campidanese: àcua

Logudorese: abba

Nuorese: abba

Borrowings:

→ Middle English: aqua

English: aqua

Scots: aqua

→ Esperanto: akvo

Ido: aquo

From Proto-Italic *akʷā, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ékʷeh₂. Cognate with Proto-Germanic *ahwō (“water, stream”).

aqua dulcis

crībrō aquam haurīre

to draw water with a sieve, to flog a dead horse (proverb)

Lavō cum aquā

Terra autem erat inānis et vacua, et tenebrae erant super faciem abyssī: et spīritus Deī ferēbātur super aquās.

And the earth was void and empty, and darkness was upon the face of the deep; and the spirit of God moved over the waters.

Dīxit quoque Deus fīat firmāmentum in mediō aquārum et dīvidat aquās ab aquīs.

And God said, Let there be a firmament in the midst of the waters, and let it divide the waters from the waters.

Aqua dīcitur, ā quā iuvāmur.

1839 [8th century CE], Paulus Diaconus, edited by Karl Otfried Müller, Excerpta ex libris Pompeii Festi De significatione verborum, page 2, line 14:


caucus

la-noun

caucus m (genitive caucī); second declension

caucī (genitive)
caucus (nominative singular)
caucī (nominative plural)
caucī (genitive singular)
caucōrum (genitive plural)
caucō (dative singular)
caucīs (dative plural)
caucum (accusative singular)
caucōs (accusative plural)
caucō (ablative singular)
caucīs (ablative plural)
cauce (singular vocative)
caucī (plural vocative)
caucum (alternative)

→ Old English: ċēac (see there for further descendants)

→ English: caucus (possibly)

→ Romanian: cauc

⇒ Vulgar Latin: *caucellus

Catalan: escocell

Borrowed from Ancient Greek καῦκος (kaûkos, “cup”). Ultimately, borrowed from Proto-Celtic *kaɸukos (“cup”), from Proto-Indo-European *kap- (“to seize, hold”).

der

Boston
Brill
Charles du Fresne, sieur du Cange#Works
Leiden
fr:Jacques André


nix

la-noun

nix f (genitive nivis); third declension

nivis (genitive)
nix (nominative singular)
nivēs (nominative plural)
nivis (genitive singular)
nivium (genitive plural)
nivī (dative singular)
nivibus (dative plural)
nivem (accusative singular)
nivēs (accusative plural)
nivīs (accusative plural)
nive (ablative singular)
nivibus (ablative plural)
nix (singular vocative)
nivēs (plural vocative)

Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: neauã, aneauã, neao, niau

Istro-Romanian: ne

Megleno-Romanian: neauă

Romanian: neauă, nea

Dalmatian:

nai

Insular Romance:

desc

Sardinian: nibe, nive (Nuorese), nie (Logudorese), ni, nii, nia (Campidanese)

Ibero-Romance:

Portuguese: neve

Spanish: nieve

Italo-Romance:

Italian: neve

Neapolitan: neve, neva

Sicilian: nivi

North Italian:

Gallo-Italic:

Emilian: neiv, neva, neiva, nev

Lombard: nef, nif, nöu, neif, nev

Old Ligurian: neive

Ligurian: neie

Piedmontese: neu, nef

Romagnol: neiva, nev

Friulian: nêf, nêv, gnu (Dignano)

Istriot: nìo

Ladin: nëif, nei (Belluno)

Romansch: naiv, nev, neif

Venetan: neve

Gallo-Romance:

Franco-Provençal: nê, neu, nei, neif (Valdôtain)

Old French: neif, noif, noi

Norman: nê, noif

Occitano-Romance:

Catalan: neu

Occitan: nèu, neu

Gascon: nheu

Aragonese: nieu, nyeu, neu

Vulgar Latin:

*nĕvem

*nivāre, *nevāre, *nivicāre

Borrowings:

French: nihil-gris, nihil-blanc

From Proto-Italic *sniks (with oblique stem *sniɣʷ- > niv-), from Proto-Indo-European *snéygʷʰs (“snow”), root noun derived from *sneygʷʰ- (“to snow”) (whence also Latin nivit, ningit, ninguit). Direct cognates include Ancient Greek νίφα (nípha) and Old Irish snechtae and indirectly also Sanskrit स्नेह (sneha), Old Church Slavonic снѣгъ (sněgŭ) and Old English snāw and snīwan (English snow and snew).

Fontis habēs īnstar pluviamque nivēsque solūtās,

For a source you have the rain and the melting snows,
riches which lazy winter administers to you.

quās tibi dīvitiās pigra ministrat hiemps.


Venus

la-proper noun

Venus f (genitive Veneris); third declension

Veneris (genitive)
Venus (nominative singular)
Venerēs (nominative plural)
Veneris (genitive singular)
Venerum (genitive plural)
Venerī (dative singular)
Veneribus (dative plural)
Venerem (accusative singular)
Venerēs (accusative plural)
Venere (ablative singular)
Veneribus (ablative plural)
Venus (singular vocative)
Venerēs (plural vocative)

→ French: Vénus

→ Italian: Venere

→ Middle English: Venus
English: Venus

→ Portuguese: Vénus /Vênus

Sicilian: Vènniri

→ Spanish: Venus

From venus (“loveliness”), see there for more.


vinum

la-noun

vīnum n (genitive vīnī); second declension

vīnum (canonical neuter)
vīnī (genitive)
vīnum (nominative singular)
vīna (nominative plural)
vīnī (genitive singular)
vīnōrum (genitive plural)
vīnō (dative singular)
vīnīs (dative plural)
vīnum (accusative singular)
vīna (accusative plural)
vīnō (ablative singular)
vīnīs (ablative plural)
vīnum (singular vocative)
vīna (plural vocative)
vīnus (alternative)

Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: yin, yinu

Istro-Romanian: vir

Megleno-Romanian: vin

Romanian: vin

Dalmatian:

vain

North Italian:

Friulian: vin

Istriot: veîn, vèin

Ladin: vin

Ligurian: vin

Lombard: vin

Piedmontese: vin

Romagnol: vẽn, vèin, vòin

Romansch: vin, vegn

Venetan: vin

Italo-Romance:

desctree

Italian: vino
→ English: vino
→ Sidamo: viino

Neapolitan: vino

Sicilian: vinu

Gallo-Romance:

Franco-Provençal: vin

Old French: vin (see there for further descendants)

Occitano-Romance:

Catalan: vi

Occitan: vin

Ibero-Romance:

Aragonese: vino

Old Leonese:

Asturian: vinu

Extremaduran: vinu

Leonese: vinu

Mirandese: bino

Old Galician-Portuguese: vinho, vỹo, vinno, viño
Fala: viñu
Galician: viño, vinho (reintegrationist), vĩo (Ancarese)
Portuguese: vinho (see there for further descendants)

Old Spanish: vino

Ladino: vino

Spanish: vino (see there for further descendants)

Insular Romance:

Sardinian: binu

Borrowings:

→ Proto-Celtic: *wīnom (see there for further descendants)

→ Etruscan: 𐌅𐌉𐌍𐌖𐌌 (vinum)

→ Proto-Germanic: *wīną (see there for further descendants)

→ Proto-Slavic: *vino (see there for further descendants)

From Proto-Italic *wīnom, from Proto-Indo-European *wóyh₁nom.

In vīnō vēritās.

Vīna bonus quae deinde cadīs onerārat Acestēs
lītore Trīnacriō dederatque abeuntibus hērōs
dīvidit ….
Next, wine – which good Acestes had loaded in casks along the Sicilian shore, and [which that] hero had given upon our departures – [Aeneas] divided up.

29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 1.195–197

(See: Acestes/Acestes; Aeneas/Aeneas; “Trinacria” was an ancient name for Sicily/Sicily.)

vīna quiēs sequitur
Rest is following the wines.

[Drink] [enough] wine, [and] rest follows.

Or, in more natural English, as implied by the plural vīna:


luna

la-noun

lūna f (genitive lūnae); first declension

lūna (canonical feminine)
lūnae (genitive)
lūna (nominative singular)
lūnae (nominative plural)
lūnae (genitive singular)
lūnārum (genitive plural)
lūnae (dative singular)
lūnīs (dative plural)
lūnam (accusative singular)
lūnās (accusative plural)
lūnā (ablative singular)
lūnīs (ablative plural)
lūna (singular vocative)
lūnae (plural vocative)
Lūna (alternative)

Insular Romance:

Sardinian: luna

Balkan-Romance:

Aromanian: lunã

Istro-Romanian: lurĕ

Megleno-Romanian: lună

Romanian: lună

Italo-Dalmatian:

Corsican: luna

Dalmatian: loina

Italian: luna

Neapolitan: luna

Sicilian: luna

Tarantino: lune

Venetan: łuna

Rhaeto-Romance:

Friulian: lune

Ladin: löna, lùna

Romansch: glina

Gallo-Italic:

Ligurian: lünn-a

Old Lombard: luna

Lombard: lüna, löna

Piedmontese: lun-a

Gallo-Romance:

Catalan: lluna

Franco-Provençal: lena

Occitan: luna

Old French: lune

Middle French: lune

French: lune

Norman: leune

Bourguignon: leugne

Walloon: lune

Ibero-Romance:

Navarro-Aragonese:

Aragonese: luna

Old Leonese:

Asturian: lluna

Extremaduran: luna

Leonese: lluna

Mirandese: lhuna

desctree

Old Galician-Portuguese: lũa
Galician: lúa, Lúa
Portuguese: lua, Lua (see there for further descendants)

Old Spanish:

Ladino: luna

Spanish: luna (see there for further descendants)

Borrowings:

→ English: lune, luna

→ Danish: lune

→ German: Laune

From Old Latin losna, from Proto-Italic *louksnā, from Proto-Indo-European *lówksneh₂, which is derived from Proto-Indo-European *lewk-. By surface analysis, lūx + -na.
Cognates include Proto-Slavic *luna.


mucus

la-noun

mūcus m (genitive mūcī); second declension

mūcus (canonical masculine)
mūcī (genitive)
mūcus (nominative singular)
mūcī (nominative plural)
mūcī (genitive singular)
mūcōrum (genitive plural)
mūcō (dative singular)
mūcīs (dative plural)
mūcum (accusative singular)
mūcōs (accusative plural)
mūcō (ablative singular)
mūcīs (ablative plural)
mūce (singular vocative)
mūcī (plural vocative)
muccus (alternative)

Aromanian: muc, mucã

Catalan: moc

Corsican: moccia

English: mucus

French: mucus
→ Turkish: mukus

Italian: moccio, muco

Occitan: moc

Old French: moche

Portuguese: monco, muco

Romanian: muc

Sardinian: mucu, muccu

Sicilian: muccu

Spanish: moco

Venetan: mocoło, moso

From Proto-Italic *moukos, from Proto-Indo-European *mew-k- (“slimy, slippery”). Cognates include Ancient Greek μύκης (múkēs, “mushroom”).


ferrum

la-noun

ferrum n (genitive ferrī); second declension

ferrī (genitive)
ferrum (nominative singular)
ferra (nominative plural)
ferrī (genitive singular)
ferrōrum (genitive plural)
ferrō (dative singular)
ferrīs (dative plural)
ferrum (accusative singular)
ferra (accusative plural)
ferrō (ablative singular)
ferrīs (ablative plural)
ferrum (singular vocative)
ferra (plural vocative)

Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: her, heru, hjeru

Istro-Romanian: fľer

Megleno-Romanian: ier, ieru

Romanian: fier, fer — regional

Dalmatian:

fiar

Italo-Romance:

Corsican: ferru, farru

Italian: ferro

→? Sabir: ferro

Neapolitan: fierro

Tarantino: fierro

Sicilian: ferru

North Italian:

Gallo-Italic:

Emilian: fèr

Ligurian: færo

Lombard: fèr

Piedmontese: fer

Romagnol: fër

Friulian: fiêr

Istriot: fièro

Ladin: fer

Romansch: fier

Venetan: fero

Gallo-Romance:

desc

Franco-Provençal: fèr, fèrro, fa, far, farou, fè, fê

desctree

Old French: fer, fier
Middle French: fer
French: fer (see there for further descendants)
Norman: fé (France, Jersey), faer (Guernsey), fer (Sark)
Walloon: fier

Occitano-Romance:

Gascon: hèr

Occitan: fèrre, ferri, fèr

Old Catalan: ferr, ferre, ferro

Catalan: ferro

Ibero-Romance:

Navarro-Aragonese: fierro

Aragonese: fierro

Ribagorçan: ferri

Old Leonese: fierru

desc

Asturian: fierro, fierru, ḥierru, ḥierro

Extremaduran: hierru

Leonese: fierru

Mirandese: fierro

Old Galician-Portuguese: ferro

Fala: ferru

Galician: ferro

Portuguese: ferro (see there for further descendants)

desctree

Old Spanish: fierro
Ladino: fierro
Spanish: fierro, hierro
Papiamentu: heru

Insular Romance:

desc

Sardinian: ferru (most dialects), erru (most Nuorese varieties)

Borrowings:

→ English: ferrum

→ Malay: ferum

→ Translingual: Fe

From earlier *ferzom, from a substrate loanword from an unknown source. According to de Vaan, possibly from a Phoenician dialect, 𐤁𐤓𐤆𐤋 (brzl /barzel/, “iron”), akin to Aramaic פַּרְזְלָא, ܦܪܙܠܐ (parzəlā, “iron”), Akkadian 𒀭𒁇 (parzillum, “iron”), Ugaritic 𐎁𐎗𐎏𐎍 (brḏl, “iron”), considered of Anatolian origin. The word could have entered Latin through Etruscan.

unk

unknown

cog

Aramaic פַּרְזְלָא


sanguis

la-noun

sanguī̆s m (genitive sanguinis); third declension

sanguī̆s (canonical masculine)
sanguinis (genitive)
sanguī̆s (nominative singular)
sanguinēs (nominative plural)
sanguinis (genitive singular)
sanguinum (genitive plural)
sanguinī (dative singular)
sanguinibus (dative plural)
sanguinem (accusative singular)
sanguinēs (accusative plural)
sanguine (ablative singular)
sanguinibus (ablative plural)
sanguī̆s (singular vocative)
sanguinēs (plural vocative)
sanguis (nominative singular)
sanguēs (nominative plural)
sanguis (genitive singular)
sanguium (genitive plural)
sanguī (dative singular)
sanguibus (dative plural)
sanguem (accusative singular)
sanguēs (accusative plural)
sanguīs (accusative plural)
sangue (ablative singular)
sanguī (ablative singular)
sanguibus (ablative plural)
sanguis (singular vocative)
sanguēs (plural vocative)
sanguen (alternative)

la-ndecl

Classical Latin; third-declension noun.

Later 'Vulgar' Latin; third-declension noun.

Ibero-Romance:

Aragonese: sangre

Asturian: sangre

Old Galician-Portuguese: sangue, sangre

Fala: sangri

Galician: sangue

Portuguese: sangue

Old Spanish: sangne, sangre

Ladino: sangre (Latin spelling)

Spanish: sangre

Papiamentu: sanger, sangro

Insular Romance:

Sardinian:

Campidanese: sàmbini, sànguni

Logudorese: sambene, sambine

Borrowings:

→ Interlingua: sanguine

Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: sãndzi, sãndze, sendzi

Istro-Romanian: sănze

Megleno-Romanian: sǫnzi

Romanian: sânge

Dalmatian:

suang

Italo-Romance:

Corsican: sangui, sangue

Gallurese: sangu

Sassarese: sangu

Italian: sangue

desc

Judeo-Italian: סַאנְגוּוַה (saʾnəguvah /sangua/)

Neapolitan: sango, sanco (most dialects)

Cieti: sangio

San Valentino: sanghe

Silano: sangiuo

Old Sicilian: sangui

Sicilian: sangu, sancu

North Italian:

Gallo-Italic:

Emilian: sangeu, sanguv, sango, sanco

Ladin: sango, sanc

Ligurian: sanghe, sangue

Lombard: sangu, sancu, sanc

Piedmontese: sango, sanco, sanc

Friulian: sanc, sang

Old Venetan: sango, sangue

Venetan: sangue

Romansch: sang, saung

Gallo-Romance:

Franco-Provençal: sang

desctree

Old French: sanc
Champenois: sang
French: sang
Franc-Comtois: saing
Norman: sang
Walloon: sonk

Antillean Creole: san

Haitian Creole: san

→ Esperanto: sango

→ Ido: sango

Occitano-Romance:

Catalan: sang

Occitan: sang

[ˈs̠äŋɡʷiːs̠]

[ˈs̠äŋɡʷɪs̠]

Older sanguīs, later regularized with a short /i/, likely for *sanguīns, from Proto-Italic *sangwens, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁sh₂-én-, oblique stem of *h₁ésh₂r̥ (“blood”), whence also saniēs (“ichor; ulcer”) via suffixation.
The nominative of the original paradigm is likely to be reflected as Old Latin assyr, as(c)er (found in glosses only). It's disputed whether sanguen is the earlier form, but it seems more likely that it's a later reshaping on the analogy of unguen, inguen, since if original, the addition of -s- to it would be reflected as *sanguēs.
It has also supposed that may be related to Etruscan 𐌔𐌀𐌍𐌗𐌖𐌍𐌄𐌕𐌀 (sanxuneta, “the sanguinary”), with the enclitic article -𐌕𐌀 (-ta) (assuming, contrary to the usual view, that sanguis is not of Indo-European origin).
Cognate to Hittite 𒂊𒌍𒄯 (ēšḫar), Sanskrit असृज् (ásṛj), Ancient Greek ἔαρ (éar), Old Armenian արիւն (ariwn).

cog

Tuscō sanguine terra rubet

Plūrēs efficimur, quotiēns mētīmur ā vōbīs: sēmen est sanguī̆s Chrīstiānōrum.

c. 160 CE – c. 225 CE, Tertullian, Apologeticus L.13

Translation by Alexander Souter
We spring up in greater numbers the more we are mown down by you: the blood of the Christians is the seed of a new life.

‘Iuppiter,’ inquit, ‘habet Rōmāna potentia vīrēs:

‘‘Oh, Jupiter,’’ he said, ‘‘The Roman power [the Roman political state] [now] has strength [of its own]:
It has no [further] need with the service of my blood [progeny; descendant].’’
(Jupiter hears the plea of Mars to deify his son Romulus (mythology).)

descent, descendant, parentage, progeny, blood relative, flesh-and-blood, family, race


elixir

la-noun

elixir n (genitive elixiris); third declension

elixiris (genitive)
elixir (nominative singular)
elixira (nominative plural)
elixiris (genitive singular)
elixirium (genitive plural)
elixirum (genitive plural)
elixirī (dative singular)
elixiribus (dative plural)
elixir (accusative singular)
elixira (accusative plural)
elixire (ablative singular)
elixiribus (ablative plural)
elixir (singular vocative)
elixira (plural vocative)
alixir (alternative)
elixerium (alternative)
elixer (alternative)
elixirium (alternative)

Old French: elixir

French: élixir

→ Middle English: elixir, elixer

English: elixir

[ɛˈlʲɪks̠ɪr]

From Arabic اَلْإِكْسِير (al-ʔiksīr), from Koine Greek ξηρίον (xēríon, “medicinal powder”), ellipsis of ξηρίον φάρμακον (xēríon phármakon, literally “dry powder medicine”) from Ancient Greek ξηρός (xērós, “dry”).

der

اَلْإِكْسِير

ellipsis

ξηρίον φάρμακον


calix

la-noun

calix m (genitive calicis); third declension

calicis (genitive)
calix (nominative singular)
calicēs (nominative plural)
calicis (genitive singular)
calicum (genitive plural)
calicī (dative singular)
calicibus (dative plural)
calicem (accusative singular)
calicēs (accusative plural)
calice (ablative singular)
calicibus (ablative plural)
calix (singular vocative)
calicēs (plural vocative)

Italian: calice

Old Occitan:

Catalan: calze

Occitan: calici

Spanish: cauce

→ Albanian: qelq

→ Old French: chalice (learned) (see there for further descendants)

→ Old Galician-Portuguese: caliz, calez (semi-learned)

Galician: cáliz

Portuguese: cálice

→ Serbo-Croatian: kalež

→ Spanish: cáliz

→ Proto-West Germanic: *kalik (see there for further descendants)

In view of Umbrian skalçeta (“sacrifical vessel”), perhaps from a Proto-Italic *(s)kalik-, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kel-. Pokorny considered a parallel formation in Sanskrit कलश (kaláśa-, “(water-)jar, tub, pot, dish”), for Proto-Indo-European *kel-eḱ-, but de Vaan finds this unlikely. Alternatively, borrowed from Ancient Greek κύλιξ (kúlix) or an unattested variant thereof, maybe with contamination from κάλυξ (kálux, “shell, hull”), but it is also possible that all were borrowed from related substrate words. Compare Ancient Greek σκάλλιον (skállion, “small cup”), σκαλίς (skalís, “shovel”).


sanguineus

la-adj

sanguineus (feminine sanguinea, neuter sanguineum); first/second-declension adjective

sanguinea (feminine)
sanguineum (neuter)
sanguineus (masculine nominative singular)
sanguinea (feminine nominative singular)
sanguineum (neuter nominative singular)
sanguineī (masculine nominative singular)
sanguineae (feminine nominative plural)
sanguinea (neuter nominative plural)
sanguineī (genitive masculine singular)
sanguineae (feminine genitive singular)
sanguineī (genitive neuter singular)
sanguineōrum (genitive masculine singular)
sanguineārum (feminine genitive plural)
sanguineōrum (genitive neuter plural)
sanguineō (dative masculine singular)
sanguineae (dative feminine singular)
sanguineō (dative neuter singular)
sanguineīs (dative feminine masculine neuter)
sanguineum (accusative masculine singular)
sanguineam (accusative feminine singular)
sanguineum (accusative neuter singular)
sanguineōs (accusative masculine singular)
sanguineās (accusative feminine plural)
sanguinea (accusative neuter plural)
sanguineō (ablative masculine singular)
sanguineā (ablative feminine singular)
sanguineō (ablative neuter singular)
sanguineīs (ablative feminine masculine neuter)
sanguinee (masculine singular vocative)
sanguinea (feminine singular vocative)
sanguineum (neuter singular vocative)
sanguineī (masculine singular vocative)
sanguineae (feminine plural vocative)
sanguinea (neuter plural vocative)

Asturian: sanguineu

Catalan: sanguini, sanguinyol

English: sanguine, sanguineous

French: sanguin

Galician: sanguiño

Italian: sanguigno, sanguineo

Portuguese: sanguinho, sanguíneo

Romanian: sânger, sangvin, sanguin

Spanish: sangüeño, sanguíneo

[s̠äŋˈɡʷɪneʊs̠]

“… pectora quōrum inter flūctūs arrēcta iubaeque
sanguineae superant undās ….”
“[Sea serpents, with] their chests erect among the waves, and their blood-red crests rising over the waters ….” – Aeneas

29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 2.206–207


argentum

la-noun

argentum n (genitive argentī); second declension

argentī (genitive)
argentum (nominative singular)
argenta (nominative plural)
argentī (genitive singular)
argentōrum (genitive plural)
argentō (dative singular)
argentīs (dative plural)
argentum (accusative singular)
argenta (accusative plural)
argentō (ablative singular)
argentīs (ablative plural)
argentum (singular vocative)
argenta (plural vocative)
☽tum (alternative)

Insular Romance:

desc

Sardinian: arghentu (Logudorese), argentu (Campidanese)

Balkan Romance:

Megleno-Romanian: arzint, arzintu, răzint

Romanian: argint

desctree

→ Albanian: argjend
→ Aromanian: argheandu

Italo-Dalmatian:

Corsican: argentu

Gallurese: algentu

Dalmatian: arziant

Italian: argento, ariento (obsolete)

Sicilian: argentu, arjentu (dated)

Venetan: arxento

Rhaeto-Romance:

Friulian: arint

Romansch: argient, argien (Sursilvan)

Gallo-Italic:

Ligurian: argénto

Lombard: arsgent, arzent

Piedmontese: argent

Romagnol: arẓént

Gallo-Romance:

Catalan: argent

Old French: argent (see there for further descendants)

Old Occitan: argent, argen
Occitan: argent
→ Old Spanish: argent

Ibero-Romance:

Aragonese: archent

Old Leonese:

Asturian: arxén, arxentu

Old Galician-Portuguese: arento

Old Spanish: ariento

Borrowings:

→ Galician: arxento

→ Malay: argentum

→ Portuguese: argento

→ Spanish: argento

[ärˈɡɛn̪t̪ʊ̃ˑ]

From Proto-Italic *argentom n, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂r̥ǵn̥tóm n.

Tacitus Germania, chapter 5 (translation M. Hutton).
Argentum et aurum propitiine an irati di negaverint dubito.
The gods have denied them gold and silver, whether in mercy or wrath I find it hard to say.


hydrargyrus

la-noun

hydrargyrus m (genitive hydrargyrī); second declension

hydrargyrī (genitive)
hydrargyrus (nominative singular)
hydrargyrī (nominative plural)
hydrargyrī (genitive singular)
hydrargyrōrum (genitive plural)
hydrargyrō (dative singular)
hydrargyrīs (dative plural)
hydrargyrum (accusative singular)
hydrargyrōs (accusative plural)
hydrargyrō (ablative singular)
hydrargyrīs (ablative plural)
hydrargyre (singular vocative)
hydrargyrī (plural vocative)

[hʏˈd̪rärɡʏrʊs̠]

From the Ancient Greek ὑδράργυρος (hudrárguros, “quicksilver (artificially prepared from cinnabar-ore)”), from ὕδωρ (húdōr, “water”) + ἄργῠρος (árgŭros, “silver”).

der

quicksilver (artificially prepared), mercury


Iuppiter

la-proper noun

Iuppiter m (genitive Iovis); third declension

Iovis (genitive)
Iuppiter (nominative singular)
Iovēs (nominative plural)
Iovis (genitive singular)
Iovum (genitive plural)
Iovī (dative singular)
Iovibus (dative plural)
Iovem (accusative singular)
Iovēs (accusative plural)
Iove (ablative singular)
Iovibus (ablative plural)
Iuppiter (singular vocative)
Iovēs (plural vocative)
Iūpiter (alternative)
Jūpiter (alternative)
Juppiter (alternative)
Iovis (alternative)

→ Afrikaans: Jupiter

→ Arabic: جُوبِيتَر (jūbītar)

→ Armenian: Յուպիտեր (Yupiter)

Asturian: Xúpiter

→ Azerbaijani: Yupiter

→ Bashkir: Юпитер (Yupiter)

→ Basque: Jupiter

→ Bulgarian: Юпи́тер (Jupíter)

Catalan: Júpiter

→ Chinese:

Mandarin: 朱庇特 (Zhūbìtè)

Cantonese: 朱庇特 (zyu1 bei3 dak6)

→ Cornish: Jubyter, Yow

→ Czech: Jupiter

→ Dutch: Jupiter

→ English: Jupiter, Jove

→ Esperanto: Jupitero

→ Estonian: Jupiter

→ Finnish: Juppiter, Jupiter

Franco-Provençal: Jupitèr

French: Jupiter

Galician: Xúpiter

→ German: Jupiter

→ Hungarian: Jupiter

→ Icelandic: Júpíter

→ Indonesian: Yupiter

→ Irish: Iúpatar

Italian: Giove

→ Latvian: Jupiters

→ Lithuanian: Jupiteris

→ Macedonian: Јупитер (Jupiter)

→ Maltese: Ġovè

desctree

→ Old Ruthenian: Юпи́теръ (Jupíter), Упи́теръ (Upíter)
Belarusian: Юпі́тэр (Jupíter)
Carpathian Rusyn: Юпі́тер (Jupíter)
Ukrainian: Юпі́тер (Jupíter); юпі́тер (jupíter)

→ Persian: ژوپیتر (župiter)

→ Polish: Jowisz, Jupiter

Portuguese: Júpiter

→ Romanian: Jupiter

→ Russian: Юпи́тер (Jupíter)

→ Serbo-Croatian: Jùpiter/Ју̀питер

→ Slovak: Jupiter

→ Slovene: Júpiter

Spanish: Júpiter

→ Swedish: Jupiter

→ Tagalog: Hupiter

→ Turkish: Jüpiter

→ Tuvan: Юпитер (Yupiter)

→ Wolof: Yupiter

→ Yoruba: Júpítérì

→ Zulu: uJupitheri

[ˈi̯ʊpːɪt̪ɛr]

The nominative Iuppiter, for Iūpiter (with shift of the length from vowel to consonant per the "littera" rule), comes from the vocative combined with pater, and essentially meant "father Jove"; from Proto-Italic *djous patēr, from *djous (“day, sky”) + *patēr (“father”), from Proto-Indo-European *dyḗws (literally “the bright one”), root nomen agentis from *dyew- (“to be bright, day sky”), and *ph₂tḗr (“father”). Cognate with Umbrian 𐌉𐌖𐌐𐌀𐌕𐌄𐌓 (iupater), and in other branches of Indo-European Sanskrit द्यौष्पितृ (dyáuṣ-pitṛ́), Ancient Greek Ζεῦ πάτερ (Zeû páter, “o father Zeus”). Equivalent to diēs (cf. Iovis) + pater.
The oblique cases Iov-, Iovis continue the inflection of Proto-Indo-European *dyḗws. Cognates are Latin diēs (originating from the accusative case of *djous) and Ancient Greek Ζεύς (Zeús).


Mercurius

la-proper noun

Mercurius m sg (genitive Mercuriī or Mercurī); second declension

Mercuriī (genitive)
Mercurī (genitive)
Mercurius (nominative singular)
Mercuriī (genitive singular)
Mercurī (genitive singular)
Mercuriō (dative singular)
Mercurium (accusative singular)
Mercuriō (ablative singular)
Mercurī (singular vocative)

→ Bulgarian: Меркурий (Merkurij)

→ Catalan: Mercuri (learned)

→ Czech: Merkur

→ Danish: Merkur

→ Middle English: Mercurie, mercurie

English: Mercury, mercury

→ Finnish: Merkurius

→ French: Mercure (learned)

→ Galician: Mercurio (learned)

→ German: Merkur

→ Indonesian: Merkurius

→ Italian: Mercurio (learned)

→ Latvian: Merkur

→ Portuguese: Mercúrio (learned)

→ Proto-Brythonic: *Merxür

Breton: Merc'her

Cornish: Merher

Middle Welsh: Merchyr

Welsh: Mercher

→ Russian: Меркурий (Merkurij)

→ Spanish: Mercurio (learned)

→ Swedish: Merkurius

→ Ukrainian: Меркурій (Merkurij)

⇒ Vulgar Latin: *mercuriāgo

Catalan: melcoratge

Possibly from merx (“merchandise”), or perhaps from Etruscan and influenced by merx.

(alchemy, chemistry) quicksilver, mercury


lacrima

la-noun

lacrima f (genitive lacrimae); first declension

lacrimae (genitive)
lacrima (nominative singular)
lacrimae (nominative plural)
lacrimae (genitive singular)
lacrimārum (genitive plural)
lacrimae (dative singular)
lacrimīs (dative plural)
lacrimam (accusative singular)
lacrimās (accusative plural)
lacrimā (ablative singular)
lacrimīs (ablative plural)
lacrima (singular vocative)
lacrimae (plural vocative)
lacruma (alternative)
dacrima (alternative)
dacruma (alternative)
lacryma (alternative)
lachryma (alternative)

Balkan Romance:

desc

Aromanian: lacãrmã, lacrimã, lacrãmã, lãcrimeauã

Romanian: lacrămă, lacrimă

Italo-Romance:

Istriot: lagrama

Italian: lacrima, lagrima (archaic or poetic)

Neapolitan: làcrema, làgrema

Sicilian: làcrima, làgrima, làrima

q

North Italian: (forms with /ɡ/ perhaps borrowed from Italian or Venetan)

Emilian: làgrima

Friulian: lagrime

Lombard: làgrima

Piedmontese: lerma, larma

Romansch: larma

Venetan: łàgrema, làgrema

Gallo-Romance:

Catalan: llàgrima

Franco-Provençal: legrema, lârma

Old French: lerme, larme
French: larme

Occitan: lagrema (most dialects)

Auvergnat: larma

Gascon: larma, lhèrma

Limousin: grema, gramela, grumilha

Provençal: lagrima

Ibero-Romance:

Aragonese: glarima, lagrima, lacrima

Ribagorçan: llárima, llágrima, gllárima

desc

Asturian: llárima, llágrima, llégrima, llérima, llarma

Old Galician-Portuguese: lagrima, lagrema

Galician: lágrima

Portuguese: lágrima

desctree

Old Spanish: lagrema, lagrima
Ladino: lágrima
Spanish: lágrima

Insular Romance:

Sardinian: làcrima, làgrima, làmigra

⇒ Vulgar Latin: *lacrimizāre (see there for further descendants)

From Old Latin dacrima, dacruma, from Proto-Indo-European *dáḱru-, from earlier compound *dr̥ḱ-h₂eḱru- (“eye bitter”).

(transferred sense) a tear or gumdrop exuding from plants


cruor

la-noun

cruor m (genitive cruōris); third declension

cruōris (genitive)
cruor (nominative singular)
cruōrēs (nominative plural)
cruōris (genitive singular)
cruōrum (genitive plural)
cruōrī (dative singular)
cruōribus (dative plural)
cruōrem (accusative singular)
cruōrēs (accusative plural)
cruōre (ablative singular)
cruōribus (ablative plural)
cruor (singular vocative)
cruōrēs (plural vocative)

English: cruor

French: cruor

Italian: cruore

Portuguese: cruor

Spanish: crúor

From Proto-Indo-European *krewh₂-. Cognates include Ancient Greek κρέας (kréas), Sanskrit क्रविस् (kravís), क्रूर (krūra), Proto-Slavic *kry, Old English hrǣw (English raw).


pus

pūs n (genitive pūris); third declension

pūs (canonical neuter)
pūris (genitive)
pūs (nominative singular)
pūra (nominative plural)
pūris (genitive singular)
pūrum (genitive plural)
pūrī (dative singular)
pūribus (dative plural)
pūs (accusative singular)
pūra (accusative plural)
pūre (ablative singular)
pūribus (ablative plural)
pūs (singular vocative)
pūra (plural vocative)

Aromanian: pronjiu, proanji

Catalan: pus

desctree

→ Dutch: pus (learned)
→ Papiamentu: pus

→ English: pus

French: pus

Galician: pus

Italian: pus, purino

Portuguese: pus

Romanian: puroi

Spanish: pus

From Proto-Italic *puos, from Proto-Indo-European *púH-os ~ *púH-es-os, from *puH-. Cognate with Sanskrit पुवस् (púvas), Ancient Greek πύον (púon), πύθω (púthō, “to rot”), Gothic 𐍆𐌿𐌻𐍃 (fuls, “foul”), Old English fūl (“foul”), English foul.


plumbum

la-noun

plumbum n (genitive plumbī); second declension

plumbī (genitive)
plumbum (nominative singular)
plumba (nominative plural)
plumbī (genitive singular)
plumbōrum (genitive plural)
plumbō (dative singular)
plumbīs (dative plural)
plumbum (accusative singular)
plumba (accusative plural)
plumbō (ablative singular)
plumbīs (ablative plural)
plumbum (singular vocative)
plumba (plural vocative)

Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: pliumbu, pljumbu

Romanian: plumb

Italo-Romance:

Corsican: piombu

Italian: piombo

Neapolitan: chiummo

Sicilian: chiummu

Padanian:

Emilian: piòmb

Friulian: plomp, plomb

Ligurian: cióngio

Lombard: piomb, piom

Piedmontese: piomb

Romagnol: piòmb

Romansch: plum, plùn m, plùm m, plom m

Venetan: piònbo

Northern Gallo-Romance:

Franco-Provençal: plomb

Middle French: plomb

French: plomb ⇒ plombe

→ German: Plombe

→ Middle English: plumbe, plumme

English: plumb

Southern Gallo-Romance:

Catalan: plom

→? Asturian: plomu, plombu

q

→? Spanish: plomo (can also be from Aragonese or an early semi-borrowing)

Occitan: plomb

Ibero-Romance:

Aragonese: plomo, plom

Ribagorçan: pllom

desctree

Old Galician-Portuguese: chumbo, chonbo, chũbo, chunbo
Galician: chumbo
Portuguese: chumbo

Insular Romance:

Sardinian: peumu, piumbu, piumu, plumbu

Borrowings:

→ Albanian: plumb

→ English: plumbum

→ German: Plumbum

→ Limburgish: plómb

→ Portuguese: prumo (semi-learned)

→ Malay: plumbum

→ Proto-Brythonic: *plum

Middle Welsh: plwm

Welsh: plwm

[ˈpɫ̪ʊmbʊ̃ˑ]

Traditionally connected to Ancient Greek μόλυβδος (mólubdos, “lead”); however, this is repudiated by Beekes, who instead connects the Latin term to Proto-Celtic *ɸloudom (“lead”). De Vaan accepts this cognate pairing, but notes that the Latin and Celtic terms would have to be borrowed from a substrate language due to phonetic mismatches if the Latin were inherited directly from Proto-Indo-European *plowdʰo- (“lead”). Said substrate may be Etruscan, Iberian, or some other pre-Indo-European Mediterranean language; compare Proto-Berber *būldūn.


semen

la-noun

sēmen n (genitive sēminis); third declension

sēmen (canonical neuter)
sēminis (genitive)
sēmen (nominative singular)
sēmina (nominative plural)
sēminis (genitive singular)
sēminum (genitive plural)
sēminī (dative singular)
sēminibus (dative plural)
sēmen (accusative singular)
sēmina (accusative plural)
sēmine (ablative singular)
sēminibus (ablative plural)
sēmen (singular vocative)
sēmina (plural vocative)

Italian: seme

Romansch: sem

Venetan: sema

→ Catalan: semen

→ English: semen

→ Middle Irish: semen

Irish: seamhan

→ Galician: seme

→ Portuguese: sêmen, sémen (Portugal)

→ Spanish: semen, ⇒ semilla

From Proto-Italic *sēmən, from Proto-Indo-European *séh₁mn̥ (“seed”).

et ignis sēmina convolvunt ē nūbibus.

c. 99 BCE – 55 BCE, Lucretius, De rerum natura 6

and the seeds of fire roll from the clouds.

(poetic) seed (of the elements of other bodies (of fire, water, stones, etc.))


lac

lac n sg (genitive lactis); third declension

lactis (genitive)
lac (nominative singular)
lactis (genitive singular)
lactī (dative singular)
lac (accusative singular)
lacte (ablative singular)
lac (singular vocative)
lact (alternative)
lacte (alternative)

Late Latin: lactis (see there for further descendants)

→⇒ English: lactic, lact(o)-

→ Esperanto: lakto

Ido: lakto

→ Interlingua: lacte

From lact by simplification of a word-final sequence of two plosives (the variant nominative/accusative form lacte shows the addition of a vowel as an alternative). The etymology is controversial: there is no consensus on the cognate set, the manner of descent (inheritance vs. borrowing), or the form and ultimate origin of the etymon. Possible cognates include Ancient Greek γάλα, γᾰ́λᾰκτ-/γᾰ́λᾰκ- (gála, gắlăkt-/gắlăk-, “milk”), Old Armenian կաթն (katʻn, “milk”) (or perhaps only its variant form Old Armenian *կաղց (*kałcʻ), reconstructed as the ancestor of modern dialectal Armenian կախց (kaxcʻ)) Hittite 𒂵𒆷𒀝𒋻 (galaktar, “balm, resin”), Albanian dhallë (“buttermilk”), Romanian zară (“buttermilk”) and Waigali zōr (“milk”).
More information
Pokorny reconstructs the Latin and Greek words as inherited from Proto-Indo-European *glakt n from a root *glag- or *glak-. De Vaan derives the Latin, Greek and Armenian forms from Proto-Indo-European *gl̥gt-, and follows Meiser in explaining the loss of initial *g- in Latin as a result of long-distance dissimilation. Per Nielsen, the Latin and Greek words can be derived from *glakt-, Old Armenian *կաղց (*kałcʻ) can be derived from *g(a)l(ḱ)t- (requiring an initial non-palatal velar), and Albanian dhallë can perhaps be derived from *ǵal(K)- (requiring an initial palatal velar); on the basis of the variability in the initial consonant and the unusual root structure, Nielsen considers the root to be non-Indo-European in origin.
There have been attempts to derive the word instead from the root *h₂melǵ- (“milk”).
* Garnier, Sagart and Sagot 2017 cite Garnier 2016's reconstruction of a verb *ambĭ-blactāre (“to milk with both hands”) > *amblactāre, supposing this was subsequently reanalyzed as *amb-lactāre and lost the prefix to yield the attested verb lactāre. The noun lac(t) would then derive by back-formation from the verb lactāre.

cog

γάλα, γᾰ́λᾰκτ-/γᾰ́λᾰκ-

Lac herbae.

cum lacte veneni.

c. 1st century BCE, Anonymous (formerly misattributed to Ovid), Nux
Lamina mollis adhuc tenero dum lacte, quod intro est,
nec mala sunt ulli nostra futura bono.
As their nutshell still remains soft with something tenderly milky inside,

my future fruits are not good to anyone.


mica

la-noun

mīca f (genitive mīcae); first declension

mīca (canonical feminine)
mīcae (genitive)
mīca (nominative singular)
mīcae (nominative plural)
mīcae (genitive singular)
mīcārum (genitive plural)
mīcae (dative singular)
mīcīs (dative plural)
mīcam (accusative singular)
mīcās (accusative plural)
mīcā (ablative singular)
mīcīs (ablative plural)
mīca (singular vocative)
mīcae (plural vocative)
mīcca (alternative)

Eastern Romance:

Romanian: mică

Italian: mica

Old French: mie
French: mie

Old Galician-Portuguese: miga

Galician: miga

Portuguese: miga

Old Spanish: miga

Spanish: miga

→ English: mica

→ French: mica

→ Galician: mica

→ Portuguese: mica

→ Spanish: mica

⇒ Vulgar Latin: *mīcca

Aragonese: mica (in no mica "not")

Old French: miche

French: miche

→ Basque: mitsika

→ Breton: méchen

→ Portuguese: micha

Italian: frammica (“crumb”) (Marche)

Ligurian: micca (“a small loaf”) (Genoa)

Piedmontese: mica

Old Occitan:

Catalan: mica

Occitan: mica

→ Alemannic German: Miigge

→ Dutch: mik

→ West Frisian: mik

Calabrian dialect
Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch

Uncertain:
* traditionally derived from Proto-Italic *(s)mīkā, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)meyk- (“small, thin, delicate”), related to Ancient Greek (σ)μῑκρός ((s)mīkrós) – details there.
* in view of meaning (1), De Vaan (2008) with Nyman (1987) prefer Proto-Italic *meikā (“a glittering particle”), from Proto-Indo-European *meyk- (“to blink”), whence also micō.
Attested from Cato onwards.
A number of Romance forms, e.g. Romanian mic, Neapolitan miccu, Calabrian/Sicilian miccu, reflect an unattested adjective *mīccus. This is probably unrelated, being a borrowing from Ancient Greek μῑκκός (mīkkós), variant of μῑκρός (mīkrós, “small”); the form *mīcca is associated with the meaning “loaf of bread” particularly in Gallo-Romance and Gallo-Italic.


crater

la-noun

crātēr m (genitive crātēris or crātēros); third declension

crātēr (canonical masculine)
crātēris (genitive)
crātēros (genitive)
crātēr (nominative singular)
crātērēs (nominative plural)
crātēres (nominative plural)
crātēris (genitive singular)
crātēros (genitive singular)
crātērum (genitive plural)
crātērī (dative singular)
crātēribus (dative plural)
crātērem (accusative singular)
crātēra (accusative singular)
crātērēs (accusative plural)
crātēras (accusative plural)
crātēre (ablative singular)
crātēribus (ablative plural)
crātēr (singular vocative)
crātērēs (plural vocative)
crātēres (plural vocative)
crātēra (alternative)
crēterra (alternative)

→ English: crater

→ Finnish: krateeri

→ French: cratère

→ German: Krater

→ Hungarian: kráter

→ Serbo-Croatian: кра́тер

→ Russian: кра́тер (kráter)

→ Sicilian: cratiri

→ Spanish: cráter

→ Catalan: cràter

→ Galician: cráter

Borrowed from Ancient Greek κρᾱτήρ (krātḗr, “mixingbowl, wassail-bowl”), from κεράννυμι (keránnumi, “to mix, to mingle, to blend”).

bor

A basin or bowl for water or for mixing.


saliva

la-noun

salīva f (genitive salīvae); first declension

salīva (canonical feminine)
salīvae (genitive)
salīva (nominative singular)
salīvae (nominative plural)
salīvae (genitive singular)
salīvārum (genitive plural)
salīvae (dative singular)
salīvīs (dative plural)
salīvam (accusative singular)
salīvās (accusative plural)
salīvā (ablative singular)
salīvīs (ablative plural)
salīva (singular vocative)
salīvae (plural vocative)

Catalan: saliva

English: saliva

French: salive

Galician: seiva (archaic), saliva

Italian: saliva, scialiva

Occitan: saliva

→ Old Irish: saile

Irish: seile

Scottish Gaelic: seile

Piedmontese: saliva

Portuguese: saliva

Romanian: salivă

Sicilian: saliva

Spanish: saliva

Swedish: saliv

[s̠äˈlʲiːu̯ä]

Unknown. Perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *solH- (compare Irish salach (“dirty”), Welsh halog, English sallow, Russian соло́вый (solóvyj, “cream-colored”)). May alternatively be of independent expressive/onomatopoeic origin; compare Ancient Greek σίαλον (síalon).


aconitum

la-noun

aconītum n (genitive aconītī); second declension

aconītum (canonical neuter)
aconītī (genitive)
aconītum (nominative singular)
aconīta (nominative plural)
aconītī (genitive singular)
aconītōrum (genitive plural)
aconītō (dative singular)
aconītīs (dative plural)
aconītum (accusative singular)
aconīta (accusative plural)
aconītō (ablative singular)
aconītīs (ablative plural)
aconītum (singular vocative)
aconīta (plural vocative)

English: aconite, aconitum

Esperanto: akonito

Ido: akonito

Italian: aconito

Portuguese: acônito

Russian: акони́т m (akonít)

Translingual: aconita, Aconitum

[äkɔˈniːt̪ʊ̃ˑ]

From Ancient Greek ἀκόνιτον (akóniton, “wolf's bane”).

der

Any of the poisonous plants of the genus Aconitum; wolfsbane, monkshood, aconite.

A poison made from the poisonous plants of the genus Aconitum.


fel

la-noun

fel n (genitive fellis); third declension

fellis (genitive)
fel (nominative singular)
fella (nominative plural)
fellis (genitive singular)
fellium (genitive plural)
fellum (genitive plural)
fellī (dative singular)
fellibus (dative plural)
fel (accusative singular)
fella (accusative plural)
felle (ablative singular)
fellibus (ablative plural)
fel (singular vocative)
fella (plural vocative)

⇒ Vulgar Latin: *felem m or f (see there for further descendants)

Uncertain. Either from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰelh₃- (“green”), or from *bʰel-, *bʰl̥H- (“yellow”). *ǵʰ- > f- instead of the expected *h- is explained as being regular in some dialects. Cognates through the first etymon include holus and helvus; Ancient Greek χολή (kholḗ, “bile”) and χλωρός (khlōrós, “green”); and English yellow and gold.


hydrargyrum

hydrargyrum n (genitive hydrargyrī); second declension

hydrargyrī (genitive)
hydrargyrum (nominative singular)
hydrargyra (nominative plural)
hydrargyrī (genitive singular)
hydrargyrōrum (genitive plural)
hydrargyrō (dative singular)
hydrargyrīs (dative plural)
hydrargyrum (accusative singular)
hydrargyra (accusative plural)
hydrargyrō (ablative singular)
hydrargyrīs (ablative plural)
hydrargyrum (singular vocative)
hydrargyra (plural vocative)

Translingual: Hg

English: hydrargyrum

French: hydrargyre

desc

гидра́ргирум

Russian: гидра́ргирум (gidrárgirum)

An alteration of the Classical Latin hydrargyrus (“quicksilver (artificially prepared)”), by analogy with the names of other metals, such as aurum (“gold”) and argentum (“silver”).

cog

[hʏˈd̪rärɡʏrʊ̃ˑ]


Saturnus

la-proper noun

Sāturnus m (genitive Sāturnī); second declension

Sāturnus (canonical masculine)
Sāturnī (genitive)
Sāturnus (nominative singular)
Sāturnī (nominative plural)
Sāturnī (genitive singular)
Sāturnōrum (genitive plural)
Sāturnō (dative singular)
Sāturnīs (dative plural)
Sāturnum (accusative singular)
Sāturnōs (accusative plural)
Sāturnō (ablative singular)
Sāturnīs (ablative plural)
Sāturne (singular vocative)
Sāturnī (plural vocative)

→ Albanian: Shtunë

→ English: Saturn

→ German: Saturn

desctree

→ Old Galician-Portuguese: Saturno
Galician: Saturno
Portuguese: Saturno

→ Proto-Brythonic: *Sadurn (from Vulgar Latin Săturnus)

Breton: Sadorn

Cornish: Sadorn

Middle Welsh: Sadwrn

Welsh: Sadwrn

→ Proto-West Germanic: *Sāturnas dag (see there for further descendants)

[s̠äːˈt̪ʊrnʊs̠]

Probably from Etruscan 𐌔𐌀𐌕𐌓𐌄 (satre); alternative derivation from Latin satus, the past participle of serō (“to sow”), is then mere folk-etymology.


ciborium

la-noun

cibōrium n (genitive cibōriī or cibōrī); second declension

cibōrium (canonical neuter)
cibōriī (genitive)
cibōrī (genitive)
cibōrium (nominative singular)
cibōria (nominative plural)
cibōriī (genitive singular)
cibōrī (genitive singular)
cibōriōrum (genitive plural)
cibōriō (dative singular)
cibōriīs (dative plural)
cibōrium (accusative singular)
cibōria (accusative plural)
cibōriō (ablative singular)
cibōriīs (ablative plural)
cibōrium (singular vocative)
cibōria (plural vocative)
cibōria (alternative)
cibōreum (alternative)
cybōrium (alternative)
cybōreum (alternative)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek κιβώριον (kibṓrion).

the seedvessel of sacred lotus which served as a drinking vessel with the Egyptians

Oblivioso levia Massico
ciboria exple, funde capacibus

23 BCE – 13 BCE, Horace, Odes II.7.21–23

Fill the light goblets with wine from the Massicus that wreaks forgetfulness, slop salves from big shells!

by extension, any drinking vessel approximating the shape of the seedcase of the sacred lotus

(Medieval Latin) a vaulted canopy over a Christian altar fixed on four columns


Bacchus

la-proper noun

Bacchus m (genitive Bacchī); second declension

Bacchī (genitive)
Bacchus (nominative singular)
Bacchī (nominative plural)
Bacchī (genitive singular)
Bacchōrum (genitive plural)
Bacchō (dative singular)
Bacchīs (dative plural)
Bacchum (accusative singular)
Bacchōs (accusative plural)
Bacchō (ablative singular)
Bacchīs (ablative plural)
Bacche (singular vocative)
Bacchī (plural vocative)

→ English: Bacchus (learned)

→ French: Bacchus (learned)

→ Italian: Bacco, bacco (learned)

→ Portuguese: Baco (learned)

→ Spanish: Baco (learned)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Βάκχος (Bákkhos).

bor+

Tum vīctū revocant vīrēs, fūsīque per herbamimplentur veteris Bacchī pinguisque ferīnae.

29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 1.214–215

Then they restore their strength with the provisions, and, stretched on the grass, they fill up on old wine and fat venison.


birra

la-noun

birra f (genitive birrae); first declension

birrae (genitive)
birra (nominative singular)
birrae (nominative plural)
birrae (genitive singular)
birrārum (genitive plural)
birrae (dative singular)
birrīs (dative plural)
birram (accusative singular)
birrās (accusative plural)
birrā (ablative singular)
birrīs (ablative plural)
birra (singular vocative)
birrae (plural vocative)

1557, Scaliger, Iulius Caesar, Exotericarum exercitationum Liber XV, de subtilitate, ad Hieronymum Cardanum, section 87, pages 320–322:

1557, Scaliger, Iulius Caesar, Exotericarum exercitationum Liber XV, de subtilitate, ad Hieronymum Cardanum, section 153.5, pages 524–525:


kalium

kalium n (genitive kaliī); second declension

kaliī (genitive)
kalium (nominative singular)
kalia (nominative plural)
kaliī (genitive singular)
kaliōrum (genitive plural)
kaliō (dative singular)
kaliīs (dative plural)
kalium (accusative singular)
kalia (accusative plural)
kaliō (ablative singular)
kaliīs (ablative plural)
kalium (singular vocative)
kalia (plural vocative)

English: kalium

Translingual: K


urna

urna f (genitive urnae); first declension

urnae (genitive)
urna (nominative singular)
urnae (nominative plural)
urnae (genitive singular)
urnārum (genitive plural)
urnae (dative singular)
urnīs (dative plural)
urnam (accusative singular)
urnās (accusative plural)
urnā (ablative singular)
urnīs (ablative plural)
urna (singular vocative)
urnae (plural vocative)

Asturian: urna

Catalan: urna

English: urn, urna

Esperanto: urno

French: urne

Galician: urna

Georgian: ურნა (urna)

German: Urne

Italian: urna

Norwegian: urne (Bokmål), urne (Nynorsk)

Portuguese: urna

Romanian: urnă

Russian: у́рна (úrna)

Spanish: urna

Probably from *urc-na, with simplification of the cluster. Ernout and Meillet view this word, urceus, orca and Greek ὕρχη (húrkhē) (other words for vessels) as all related somehow via borrowing (with the exact source and pathway unclear). Bennett 1907 indicates that the length of the vowel in the first syllable is not established, noting that the Italian descendant could be a learned form, and hypothesizes that the word is derived from a weak grade of the root arc-, presumably referring to the root found in arceō, arca, and arx, which is now reconstructed as *h₂erk-. However, Schrijver 1991 argues that word-initial *HRC- normally has a reflex of aRC in Latin (as in argentum from *h₂r̥ǵn̥to-), which would exclude Bennett's favored etymology.
By an alternative derivation, from ūrō (“burn, singe”) in reference to the firing of the clay in their creation.

𐌄𐌂𐌏𐌖𐌓𐌍𐌀𐌕𐌉𐌕𐌀𐌖𐌄𐌍𐌃𐌉𐌀𐌔𐌌𐌀𐌌𐌀𐌓[𐌂𐌏𐌔𐌌]𐌄𐌃𐌖𐌇𐌄[𐌂𐌄𐌃]
ECOVRNATITAVENDIASMAMAR[COSM]EDVHE[CED]
eco urna tita vendias mamar[cos m]ed vhe[ced]
I am the urn of Tita Vendia. Mamar[cos had me made].

urn, a moderately sized vessel for drawing water

(chiefly historical) ballot box, particularly the urns used in gathering Roman ballots under the Republic

urn, a moderately sized vessel used to store the ashes of the cremated dead

bank, coin jar, a jar or urn used to store money

(historical) urna, a Roman unit of liquid measure equivalent to about 13 L


aqua fortis

English: aqua fortis

aqua (“water”) + fortis (“strong”). From being a liquid capable of dissolving metals

aqua fortis
(archaic, chemistry) nitric acid


natrium

natrium n (genitive natriī); second declension

natriī (genitive)
natrium (nominative singular)
natria (nominative plural)
natriī (genitive singular)
natriōrum (genitive plural)
natriō (dative singular)
natriīs (dative plural)
natrium (accusative singular)
natria (accusative plural)
natriō (ablative singular)
natriīs (ablative plural)
natrium (singular vocative)
natria (plural vocative)

[ˈnät̪riʊ̃ˑ]

Coined in 1814 by Jöns Jacob Berzelius as a shorter form of earlier natronium, itself coined in 1809 by Ludwig Wilhelm Gilbert from German Natron + -ium. Ultimately from Egyptian nṯrj: R9

Jöns Jacob Berzelius
Ludwig Wilhelm Gilbert
la:natrium


Mars

la-proper noun

Mārs m sg (genitive Mārtis); third declension

Mārs (canonical masculine singular)
Mārtis (genitive)
Mārs (nominative singular)
Mārtis (genitive singular)
Mārtī (dative singular)
Mārtem (accusative singular)
Mārte (ablative singular)
Mārs (singular vocative)

From Old Latin Māvors, from Proto-Italic *Māwortis, or from Proto-Italic *Māmart-. If Māvors indeed comes from *Māmart-, the apparent change */-m-/ to */-w-/ is a unique and isolated change. Mamers was his Oscan name. He was also known as Marmor, Marmar and Maris, the latter from the Etruscan deity Maris. See also the Lapis Satricanus, where 𐌌𐌀𐌌𐌀𐌓𐌕𐌄𐌆 (Mamartei) is attested. Possibly also related to Sanskrit मरुत् (marut, “Maruts, violent storm-gods”).