ruber

la-adj

ruber (feminine rubra, neuter rubrum, comparative rubrior, superlative ruberrimus); first/second-declension adjective (nominative masculine singular in -er)

rubra (feminine)
rubrum (neuter)
rubrior (comparative)
ruberrimus (superlative)
in -er (masculine nominative singular)
ruber (masculine nominative singular)
rubra (feminine nominative singular)
rubrum (neuter nominative singular)
rubrī (masculine nominative singular)
rubrae (feminine nominative plural)
rubra (neuter nominative plural)
rubrī (genitive masculine singular)
rubrae (feminine genitive singular)
rubrī (genitive neuter singular)
rubrōrum (genitive masculine singular)
rubrārum (feminine genitive plural)
rubrōrum (genitive neuter plural)
rubrō (dative masculine singular)
rubrae (dative feminine singular)
rubrō (dative neuter singular)
rubrīs (dative feminine masculine neuter)
rubrum (accusative masculine singular)
rubram (accusative feminine singular)
rubrum (accusative neuter singular)
rubrōs (accusative masculine singular)
rubrās (accusative feminine plural)
rubra (accusative neuter plural)
rubrō (ablative masculine singular)
rubrā (ablative feminine singular)
rubrō (ablative neuter singular)
rubrīs (ablative feminine masculine neuter)
ruber (masculine singular vocative)
rubra (feminine singular vocative)
rubrum (neuter singular vocative)
rubrī (masculine singular vocative)
rubrae (feminine plural vocative)
rubra (neuter plural vocative)

Corsican: rubru, rubriu, rubbriu

Italian: rubro, rubino

Portuguese: rubro

From Proto-Italic *ruðros, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rudʰrós (“red”), from the root *h₁rewdʰ-.
Cognates include Old Armenian արուրդ/երուրդ (arurd/erurd) or արոյդ/երոյդ (aroyd/eroyd), Ancient Greek ἐρυθρός (eruthrós), Sanskrit रुधिर (rudhirá), Old East Slavic ръдръ (rŭdrŭ) (< Proto-Slavic *rъdrъ). Compare dialectal form rūfus (“reddish, ruddy”).


graveolens

graveolēns (genitive graveolentis); third-declension one-termination adjective

graveolēns (canonical)
graveolentis (genitive)
graveolēns (feminine masculine neuter nominative singular)
graveolentēs (feminine masculine nominative singular)
graveolentia (neuter nominative plural)
graveolentis (feminine genitive masculine neuter singular)
graveolentium (feminine genitive masculine neuter)
graveolentī (dative feminine masculine neuter singular)
graveolentibus (dative feminine masculine neuter)
graveolentem (accusative feminine masculine singular)
graveolēns (accusative neuter singular)
graveolentēs (accusative feminine masculine singular)
graveolentia (accusative neuter plural)
graveolentī (ablative feminine masculine neuter singular)
graveolentibus (ablative feminine masculine neuter)
graveolēns (feminine masculine neuter singular vocative)
graveolentēs (feminine masculine singular vocative)
graveolentia (neuter plural vocative)

[ɡräˈu̯eɔɫ̪ẽːs̠]

From gravis (“heavy”) + olēns (“smelling”).


flagro

la-verb

flagrō (present infinitive flagrāre, perfect active flagrāvī, supine flagrātum); first conjugation

flagrō (canonical)
flagrāre (infinitive present)
flagrāvī (active perfect)
flagrātum (supine)
flagrō (active first-person indicative present singular)
flagrās (active indicative present second-person singular)
flagrat (active indicative present singular third-person)
flagrāmus (active first-person indicative plural present)
flagrātis (active indicative plural present second-person)
flagrant (active indicative plural present third-person)
flagrābam (active first-person imperfect indicative singular)
flagrābās (active imperfect indicative second-person singular)
flagrābat (active imperfect indicative singular third-person)
flagrābāmus (active first-person imperfect indicative plural)
flagrābātis (active imperfect indicative plural second-person)
flagrābant (active imperfect indicative plural third-person)
flagrābō (active first-person future indicative singular)
flagrābis (active future indicative second-person singular)
flagrābit (active future indicative singular third-person)
flagrābimus (active first-person future indicative plural)
flagrābitis (active future indicative plural second-person)
flagrābunt (active future indicative plural third-person)
flagrāvī (active first-person indicative perfect singular)
flagrāvistī (active indicative perfect second-person singular)
flagrāvit (active indicative perfect singular third-person)
flagrāvimus (active first-person indicative perfect plural)
flagrāvistis (active indicative perfect plural second-person)
flagrāvēre (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
flagrāvērunt (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
flagrāveram (active first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
flagrāverās (active indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
flagrāverat (active indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
flagrāverāmus (active first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
flagrāverātis (active indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
flagrāverant (active indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
flagrāverō (active first-person future indicative perfect singular)
flagrāveris (active future indicative perfect second-person singular)
flagrāverit (active future indicative perfect singular third-person)
flagrāverimus (active first-person future indicative perfect plural)
flagrāveritis (active future indicative perfect plural second-person)
flagrāverint (active future indicative perfect plural third-person)
flagror (first-person indicative passive present singular)
flagrāre (indicative passive present second-person singular)
flagrāris (indicative passive present second-person singular)
flagrātur (indicative passive present singular third-person)
flagrāmur (first-person indicative passive plural present)
flagrāminī (indicative passive plural present second-person)
flagrantur (indicative passive plural present third-person)
flagrābar (first-person imperfect indicative passive singular)
flagrābāre (imperfect indicative passive second-person singular)
flagrābāris (imperfect indicative passive second-person singular)
flagrābātur (imperfect indicative passive singular third-person)
flagrābāmur (first-person imperfect indicative passive plural)
flagrābāminī (imperfect indicative passive plural second-person)
flagrābantur (imperfect indicative passive plural third-person)
flagrābor (first-person future indicative passive singular)
flagrābere (future indicative passive second-person singular)
flagrāberis (future indicative passive second-person singular)
flagrābitur (future indicative passive singular third-person)
flagrābimur (first-person future indicative passive plural)
flagrābiminī (future indicative passive plural second-person)
flagrābuntur (future indicative passive plural third-person)
flagrem (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
flagrēs (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
flagret (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
flagrēmus (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
flagrētis (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
flagrent (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
flagrārem (active first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
flagrārēs (active imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
flagrāret (active imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
flagrārēmus (active first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
flagrārētis (active imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
flagrārent (active imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
flagrāverim (active first-person perfect singular subjunctive)
flagrāverīs (active perfect second-person singular subjunctive)
flagrāverit (active perfect singular subjunctive third-person)
flagrāverīmus (active first-person perfect plural subjunctive)
flagrāverītis (active perfect plural second-person subjunctive)
flagrāverint (active perfect plural subjunctive third-person)
flagrāvissem (active first-person pluperfect singular subjunctive)
flagrāvissēs (active pluperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
flagrāvisset (active pluperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
flagrāvissēmus (active first-person pluperfect plural subjunctive)
flagrāvissētis (active pluperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
flagrāvissent (active pluperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
flagrer (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
flagrēre (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
flagrēris (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
flagrētur (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
flagrēmur (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
flagrēminī (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
flagrentur (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
flagrārer (first-person imperfect passive singular subjunctive)
flagrārēre (imperfect passive second-person singular subjunctive)
flagrārēris (imperfect passive second-person singular subjunctive)
flagrārētur (imperfect passive singular subjunctive third-person)
flagrārēmur (first-person imperfect passive plural subjunctive)
flagrārēminī (imperfect passive plural second-person subjunctive)
flagrārentur (imperfect passive plural subjunctive third-person)
flagrā (active imperative present second-person singular)
flagrāte (active imperative plural present second-person)
flagrātō (active future imperative second-person singular)
flagrātō (active future imperative singular third-person)
flagrātōte (active future imperative plural second-person)
flagrantō (active future imperative plural third-person)
flagrāre (imperative passive present second-person singular)
flagrāminī (imperative passive plural present second-person)
flagrātor (future imperative passive second-person singular)
flagrātor (future imperative passive singular third-person)
flagrantor (future imperative passive plural third-person)
flagrāre (active infinitive present)
flagrārī (infinitive passive present)
flagrāns (active participle present)
flagrātūrum esse (active future infinitive)
flagrātum īrī (future infinitive passive)
flagrātūrus (active future participle)
flagrandus (future participle passive)
flagrāvisse (active infinitive perfect)
flagrātum esse (infinitive passive perfect)
flagrātus (participle passive perfect)
flagrātum fore (future infinitive passive perfect)
flagrātūrum fuisse (active infinitive perfect potential)
flagrandī (genitive gerund noun-from-verb)
flagrandō (dative gerund noun-from-verb)
flagrandum (accusative gerund noun-from-verb)
flagrandō (ablative gerund noun-from-verb)
flagrātum (accusative noun-from-verb supine)
flagrātū (ablative noun-from-verb supine)

→ English: flagrate

→ French: flagrer

→ Italian: flagrare

→ Portuguese: flagrar

→ Spanish: flagrar

From Proto-Italic *flagrāō, from *flagros (“burning”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰl̥g-ro-, from *bʰel- (“shine”). Cognate with Latin flamma (“flame, fire”) (< Proto-Italic *flagma < Proto-Indo-European *bʰl̥g-mh₂-), Ancient Greek φλέγω (phlégō, “I burn”), Sanskrit भ्रज (bhrája, “fire, shining”), Italian brace (“embers, glowing coals”).

106 - 43 B.C.E. — Cicero, Letters to Atticus 7:17.4

For I perceive that all Italy will be blazing with war.

tōtam enim Italiam flagrātūram bellō intellegō.


visus

la-noun

vīsus m (genitive vīsūs); fourth declension

vīsus (canonical masculine)
vīsūs (genitive)
vīsus (nominative singular)
vīsūs (nominative plural)
vīsūs (genitive singular)
vīsuum (genitive plural)
vīsuī (dative singular)
vīsibus (dative plural)
vīsum (accusative singular)
vīsūs (accusative plural)
vīsū (ablative singular)
vīsibus (ablative plural)
vīsus (singular vocative)
vīsūs (plural vocative)

Galician: viso

→ Indonesian: visus

Istriot: veîso

Italian: viso

→ Norwegian Bokmål: viso

desctree

Old French: vis
French: visage m, avis m

Portuguese: viso

Sardinian: bisu

Spanish: viso

[ˈu̯iːs̠ʊs̠]

* Participle/Adjective: From the perfect passive participle of videō (“I see”). (Diachronically, from Proto-Italic *wissos, from Proto-Indo-European *widtós.)
* Fourth-declension noun: From Proto-Italic *weissus or *wissus, from Proto-Indo-European *wéydˢtus. Cognate with Old Irish fius (“knowledge”).
Both ultimately from the root *weyd- (“to see, know”).


sapio

la-verb

sapiō (present infinitive sapere, perfect active sapīvī or sapiī or sapuī); third conjugation iō-variant, no passive, no supine stem

sapiō (canonical)
no passive (canonical)
sapere (infinitive present)
sapīvī (active perfect)
sapiī (active perfect)
sapuī (active perfect)
sapiō (active first-person indicative present singular)
sapis (active indicative present second-person singular)
sapit (active indicative present singular third-person)
sapimus (active first-person indicative plural present)
sapitis (active indicative plural present second-person)
sapiunt (active indicative plural present third-person)
sapiēbam (active first-person imperfect indicative singular)
sapiēbās (active imperfect indicative second-person singular)
sapiēbat (active imperfect indicative singular third-person)
sapiēbāmus (active first-person imperfect indicative plural)
sapiēbātis (active imperfect indicative plural second-person)
sapiēbant (active imperfect indicative plural third-person)
sapiam (active first-person future indicative singular)
sapiēs (active future indicative second-person singular)
sapiet (active future indicative singular third-person)
sapiēmus (active first-person future indicative plural)
sapiētis (active future indicative plural second-person)
sapient (active future indicative plural third-person)
sapīvī (active first-person indicative perfect singular)
sapiī (active first-person indicative perfect singular)
sapuī (active first-person indicative perfect singular)
sapīvistī (active indicative perfect second-person singular)
sapiistī (active indicative perfect second-person singular)
sapuistī (active indicative perfect second-person singular)
sapīvit (active indicative perfect singular third-person)
sapiit (active indicative perfect singular third-person)
sapuit (active indicative perfect singular third-person)
sapīvimus (active first-person indicative perfect plural)
sapiimus (active first-person indicative perfect plural)
sapuimus (active first-person indicative perfect plural)
sapīvistis (active indicative perfect plural second-person)
sapiistis (active indicative perfect plural second-person)
sapuistis (active indicative perfect plural second-person)
sapīvēre (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
sapīvērunt (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
sapiērunt (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
sapiēre (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
sapuērunt (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
sapuēre (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
sapīveram (active first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
sapieram (active first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
sapueram (active first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
sapīverās (active indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
sapierās (active indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
sapuerās (active indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
sapīverat (active indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
sapierat (active indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
sapuerat (active indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
sapīverāmus (active first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
sapierāmus (active first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
sapuerāmus (active first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
sapīverātis (active indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
sapierātis (active indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
sapuerātis (active indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
sapīverant (active indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
sapierant (active indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
sapuerant (active indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
sapīverō (active first-person future indicative perfect singular)
sapierō (active first-person future indicative perfect singular)
sapuerō (active first-person future indicative perfect singular)
sapīveris (active future indicative perfect second-person singular)
sapieris (active future indicative perfect second-person singular)
sapueris (active future indicative perfect second-person singular)
sapīverit (active future indicative perfect singular third-person)
sapierit (active future indicative perfect singular third-person)
sapuerit (active future indicative perfect singular third-person)
sapīverimus (active first-person future indicative perfect plural)
sapierimus (active first-person future indicative perfect plural)
sapuerimus (active first-person future indicative perfect plural)
sapīveritis (active future indicative perfect plural second-person)
sapieritis (active future indicative perfect plural second-person)
sapueritis (active future indicative perfect plural second-person)
sapīverint (active future indicative perfect plural third-person)
sapierint (active future indicative perfect plural third-person)
sapuerint (active future indicative perfect plural third-person)
sapiam (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
sapiās (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
sapiat (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
sapiāmus (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
sapiātis (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
sapiant (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
saperem (active first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
saperēs (active imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
saperet (active imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
saperēmus (active first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
saperētis (active imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
saperent (active imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
sapīverim (active first-person perfect singular subjunctive)
sapierim (active first-person perfect singular subjunctive)
sapuerim (active first-person perfect singular subjunctive)
sapīverīs (active perfect second-person singular subjunctive)
sapierīs (active perfect second-person singular subjunctive)
sapuerīs (active perfect second-person singular subjunctive)
sapīverit (active perfect singular subjunctive third-person)
sapierit (active perfect singular subjunctive third-person)
sapuerit (active perfect singular subjunctive third-person)
sapīverīmus (active first-person perfect plural subjunctive)
sapierīmus (active first-person perfect plural subjunctive)
sapuerīmus (active first-person perfect plural subjunctive)
sapīverītis (active perfect plural second-person subjunctive)
sapierītis (active perfect plural second-person subjunctive)
sapuerītis (active perfect plural second-person subjunctive)
sapīverint (active perfect plural subjunctive third-person)
sapierint (active perfect plural subjunctive third-person)
sapuerint (active perfect plural subjunctive third-person)
sapīvissem (active first-person pluperfect singular subjunctive)
sapiissem (active first-person pluperfect singular subjunctive)
sapuissem (active first-person pluperfect singular subjunctive)
sapīvissēs (active pluperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
sapiissēs (active pluperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
sapuissēs (active pluperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
sapīvisset (active pluperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
sapiisset (active pluperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
sapuisset (active pluperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
sapīvissēmus (active first-person pluperfect plural subjunctive)
sapiissēmus (active first-person pluperfect plural subjunctive)
sapuissēmus (active first-person pluperfect plural subjunctive)
sapīvissētis (active pluperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
sapiissētis (active pluperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
sapuissētis (active pluperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
sapīvissent (active pluperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
sapiissent (active pluperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
sapuissent (active pluperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
sape (active imperative present second-person singular)
sapite (active imperative plural present second-person)
sapitō (active future imperative second-person singular)
sapitō (active future imperative singular third-person)
sapitōte (active future imperative plural second-person)
sapiuntō (active future imperative plural third-person)
sapere (active infinitive present)
sapiēns (active participle present)
sapīvisse (active infinitive perfect)
sapiisse (active infinitive perfect)
sapuisse (active infinitive perfect)
sapiendī (genitive gerund noun-from-verb)
sapiendō (dative gerund noun-from-verb)
sapiendum (accusative gerund noun-from-verb)
sapiendō (ablative gerund noun-from-verb)

Dalmatian:

sapro

Gallo-Romance:

Catalan: sabre, sebre

Gascon: sàber, assàber

Occitan: sabre, saupre

Ibero-Romance:

Aragonese: saper, saber, sabre

Asturian: saber

Mirandese: saber

Old Galician-Portuguese: saber

Galician: saber

Portuguese: saber

Spanish: saber (see there for further descendants)

⇒ Vulgar Latin: *sapium, *sapūtum (see there for further descendants)

Borrowings:

→ Volapük: sap

Dalmatian:

sapar

Italo-Romance:

Corsican: sapè

Italian: sapere

Lazio: sapì

Neapolitan: sapere

Sicilian: sapiri

North Italian:

Gallo-Italic:

Emilian: savì, savei, savé

Ligurian: savéi

Lombard: savei, savè, saì

Piedmontese: savej

Friulian: savê

Istriot: savì

Romansch: savair, saver, saveir

Venetan: saver

Gallo-Romance:

Catalan: saber

desc

Franco-Provençal: savêr, chair (Valaisan), saveir, saer, saeir (Valdôtain)

Old French: savoir (see there for further descendants)

Occitan: saber (several dialects)

Limousin: sapcher

Provençal: sacher

From Proto-Italic *sapiō, from Proto-Indo-European *sh₁p-i-, from *seh₁p-.

(intransitive) to have taste, have flavour


luridus

la-adj

lūridus (feminine lūrida, neuter lūridum); first/second-declension adjective

lūridus (canonical)
lūrida (feminine)
lūridum (neuter)
lūridus (masculine nominative singular)
lūrida (feminine nominative singular)
lūridum (neuter nominative singular)
lūridī (masculine nominative singular)
lūridae (feminine nominative plural)
lūrida (neuter nominative plural)
lūridī (genitive masculine singular)
lūridae (feminine genitive singular)
lūridī (genitive neuter singular)
lūridōrum (genitive masculine singular)
lūridārum (feminine genitive plural)
lūridōrum (genitive neuter plural)
lūridō (dative masculine singular)
lūridae (dative feminine singular)
lūridō (dative neuter singular)
lūridīs (dative feminine masculine neuter)
lūridum (accusative masculine singular)
lūridam (accusative feminine singular)
lūridum (accusative neuter singular)
lūridōs (accusative masculine singular)
lūridās (accusative feminine plural)
lūrida (accusative neuter plural)
lūridō (ablative masculine singular)
lūridā (ablative feminine singular)
lūridō (ablative neuter singular)
lūridīs (ablative feminine masculine neuter)
lūride (masculine singular vocative)
lūrida (feminine singular vocative)
lūridum (neuter singular vocative)
lūridī (masculine singular vocative)
lūridae (feminine plural vocative)
lūrida (neuter plural vocative)

→ English: lurid

Catalan: llord, llor

Galician: lorda, ludro

→ Italian: lurido

Occitan: lord

Portuguese: ludro, lúrido

Sicilian: lurdu

[ˈɫ̪uːrɪd̪ʊs̠]

From lūror (“sallowness, paleness”) (though de Vaan considers lūridus as the original, and lūror a derivative).


luteus

lūteus (feminine lūtea, neuter lūteum); first/second-declension adjective

lūteus (canonical)
lūtea (feminine)
lūteum (neuter)
lūteus (masculine nominative singular)
lūtea (feminine nominative singular)
lūteum (neuter nominative singular)
lūteī (masculine nominative singular)
lūteae (feminine nominative plural)
lūtea (neuter nominative plural)
lūteī (genitive masculine singular)
lūteae (feminine genitive singular)
lūteī (genitive neuter singular)
lūteōrum (genitive masculine singular)
lūteārum (feminine genitive plural)
lūteōrum (genitive neuter plural)
lūteō (dative masculine singular)
lūteae (dative feminine singular)
lūteō (dative neuter singular)
lūteīs (dative feminine masculine neuter)
lūteum (accusative masculine singular)
lūteam (accusative feminine singular)
lūteum (accusative neuter singular)
lūteōs (accusative masculine singular)
lūteās (accusative feminine plural)
lūtea (accusative neuter plural)
lūteō (ablative masculine singular)
lūteā (ablative feminine singular)
lūteō (ablative neuter singular)
lūteīs (ablative feminine masculine neuter)
lūtee (masculine singular vocative)
lūtea (feminine singular vocative)
lūteum (neuter singular vocative)
lūteī (masculine singular vocative)
lūteae (feminine plural vocative)
lūtea (neuter plural vocative)

[ˈɫ̪uːt̪eʊs̠]


ater

āter (feminine ātra, neuter ātrum, comparative ātrior, superlative āterrimus); first/second-declension adjective (nominative masculine singular in -er)

āter (canonical)
ātra (feminine)
ātrum (neuter)
ātrior (comparative)
āterrimus (superlative)
in -er (masculine nominative singular)
āter (masculine nominative singular)
ātra (feminine nominative singular)
ātrum (neuter nominative singular)
ātrī (masculine nominative singular)
ātrae (feminine nominative plural)
ātra (neuter nominative plural)
ātrī (genitive masculine singular)
ātrae (feminine genitive singular)
ātrī (genitive neuter singular)
ātrōrum (genitive masculine singular)
ātrārum (feminine genitive plural)
ātrōrum (genitive neuter plural)
ātrō (dative masculine singular)
ātrae (dative feminine singular)
ātrō (dative neuter singular)
ātrīs (dative feminine masculine neuter)
ātrum (accusative masculine singular)
ātram (accusative feminine singular)
ātrum (accusative neuter singular)
ātrōs (accusative masculine singular)
ātrās (accusative feminine plural)
ātra (accusative neuter plural)
ātrō (ablative masculine singular)
ātrā (ablative feminine singular)
ātrō (ablative neuter singular)
ātrīs (ablative feminine masculine neuter)
āter (masculine singular vocative)
ātra (feminine singular vocative)
ātrum (neuter singular vocative)
ātrī (masculine singular vocative)
ātrae (feminine plural vocative)
ātra (neuter plural vocative)

→ French: âtre

→ Italian: atro

→ Portuguese: atro

→ Spanish: atro

From Proto-Italic *ātros, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eh₁ter- (“fire”) (whence Proto-Iranian *HáHtr̥š (“fire”), Umbrian 𐌀𐌕𐌓𐌖 (atru), Oscan 𐌀𐌀𐌃𐌝𐌓𐌉𐌉𐌔 (aadíriis), Old Irish áith (“kiln”)).

dull black (as opposed to niger, shining black); dark


sentio

la-verb

sentiō (present infinitive sentīre, perfect active sēnsī, supine sēnsum); fourth conjugation

sentiō (canonical)
sentīre (infinitive present)
sēnsī (active perfect)
sēnsum (supine)
sentiō (active first-person indicative present singular)
sentīs (active indicative present second-person singular)
sentit (active indicative present singular third-person)
sentīmus (active first-person indicative plural present)
sentītis (active indicative plural present second-person)
sentiunt (active indicative plural present third-person)
sentiēbam (active first-person imperfect indicative singular)
sentiēbās (active imperfect indicative second-person singular)
sentiēbat (active imperfect indicative singular third-person)
sentiēbāmus (active first-person imperfect indicative plural)
sentiēbātis (active imperfect indicative plural second-person)
sentiēbant (active imperfect indicative plural third-person)
sentiam (active first-person future indicative singular)
sentiēs (active future indicative second-person singular)
sentiet (active future indicative singular third-person)
sentiēmus (active first-person future indicative plural)
sentiētis (active future indicative plural second-person)
sentient (active future indicative plural third-person)
sēnsī (active first-person indicative perfect singular)
sēnsistī (active indicative perfect second-person singular)
sēnsit (active indicative perfect singular third-person)
sēnsimus (active first-person indicative perfect plural)
sēnsistis (active indicative perfect plural second-person)
sēnsēre (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
sēnsērunt (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
sēnseram (active first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
sēnserās (active indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
sēnserat (active indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
sēnserāmus (active first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
sēnserātis (active indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
sēnserant (active indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
sēnserō (active first-person future indicative perfect singular)
sēnseris (active future indicative perfect second-person singular)
sēnserit (active future indicative perfect singular third-person)
sēnserimus (active first-person future indicative perfect plural)
sēnseritis (active future indicative perfect plural second-person)
sēnserint (active future indicative perfect plural third-person)
sentior (first-person indicative passive present singular)
sentīre (indicative passive present second-person singular)
sentīris (indicative passive present second-person singular)
sentītur (indicative passive present singular third-person)
sentīmur (first-person indicative passive plural present)
sentīminī (indicative passive plural present second-person)
sentiuntur (indicative passive plural present third-person)
sentiēbar (first-person imperfect indicative passive singular)
sentiēbāre (imperfect indicative passive second-person singular)
sentiēbāris (imperfect indicative passive second-person singular)
sentiēbātur (imperfect indicative passive singular third-person)
sentiēbāmur (first-person imperfect indicative passive plural)
sentiēbāminī (imperfect indicative passive plural second-person)
sentiēbantur (imperfect indicative passive plural third-person)
sentiar (first-person future indicative passive singular)
sentiēre (future indicative passive second-person singular)
sentiēris (future indicative passive second-person singular)
sentiētur (future indicative passive singular third-person)
sentiēmur (first-person future indicative passive plural)
sentiēminī (future indicative passive plural second-person)
sentientur (future indicative passive plural third-person)
sentiam (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
sentiās (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
sentiat (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
sentiāmus (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
sentiātis (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
sentiant (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
sentīrem (active first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
sentīrēs (active imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
sentīret (active imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
sentīrēmus (active first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
sentīrētis (active imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
sentīrent (active imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
sēnserim (active first-person perfect singular subjunctive)
sēnserīs (active perfect second-person singular subjunctive)
sēnserit (active perfect singular subjunctive third-person)
sēnserīmus (active first-person perfect plural subjunctive)
sēnserītis (active perfect plural second-person subjunctive)
sēnserint (active perfect plural subjunctive third-person)
sēnsissem (active first-person pluperfect singular subjunctive)
sēnsissēs (active pluperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
sēnsisset (active pluperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
sēnsissēmus (active first-person pluperfect plural subjunctive)
sēnsissētis (active pluperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
sēnsissent (active pluperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
sentiar (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
sentiāre (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
sentiāris (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
sentiātur (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
sentiāmur (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
sentiāminī (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
sentiantur (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
sentīrer (first-person imperfect passive singular subjunctive)
sentīrēre (imperfect passive second-person singular subjunctive)
sentīrēris (imperfect passive second-person singular subjunctive)
sentīrētur (imperfect passive singular subjunctive third-person)
sentīrēmur (first-person imperfect passive plural subjunctive)
sentīrēminī (imperfect passive plural second-person subjunctive)
sentīrentur (imperfect passive plural subjunctive third-person)
sentī (active imperative present second-person singular)
sentīte (active imperative plural present second-person)
sentītō (active future imperative second-person singular)
sentītō (active future imperative singular third-person)
sentītōte (active future imperative plural second-person)
sentiuntō (active future imperative plural third-person)
sentīre (imperative passive present second-person singular)
sentīminī (imperative passive plural present second-person)
sentītor (future imperative passive second-person singular)
sentītor (future imperative passive singular third-person)
sentiuntor (future imperative passive plural third-person)
sentīre (active infinitive present)
sentīrī (infinitive passive present)
sentiēns (active participle present)
sēnsūrum esse (active future infinitive)
sēnsum īrī (future infinitive passive)
sēnsūrus (active future participle)
sentiendus (future participle passive)
sentiundus (future participle passive)
sēnsisse (active infinitive perfect)
sēnsum esse (infinitive passive perfect)
sēnsus (participle passive perfect)
sēnsum fore (future infinitive passive perfect)
sēnsūrum fuisse (active infinitive perfect potential)
sentiendī (genitive gerund noun-from-verb)
sentiendō (dative gerund noun-from-verb)
sentiendum (accusative gerund noun-from-verb)
sentiendō (ablative gerund noun-from-verb)
sēnsum (accusative noun-from-verb supine)
sēnsū (ablative noun-from-verb supine)

Eastern Romance:

Aromanian: simtu, sãmtu, simtsiri

Romanian: simți, simțire

Franco-Provençal: sentir, sientre

Old French: sentir

French: sentir

→ English: scent

Italo-Dalmatian:

Dalmatian: senter

Italian: sentire

Neapolitan: sentire

Sicilian: sèntiri

Old Occitan:

Catalan: sentir

Occitan: sentir

Rhaeto-Romance:

Friulian: sintî

Romansch: sentir, santir, santeir

Sardinian: sentire, sentiri

Venetan: sentir

West Iberian:

Old Leonese:

Asturian: sentir

Old Galician-Portuguese: sentir

Galician: sentir

Portuguese: sentir

Old Spanish:

Ladino: sintir

Spanish: sentir, sensar

→ Proto-Brythonic: *sɨnhɨd

Middle Welsh: synnyeit

Welsh: synio

→ Esperanto: senti

From Proto-Italic *sentjō, from Proto-Indo-European *sent- (“to feel”). Cognate with Samogitian sintietė (“to think”), Old High German sinnan (“to go; desire”).

cog

Hanc quoque Phoebus amat positāque in stīpite dextrā

But yet Phoebus loves her in this form and pressing his right hand
he feels still the trembling heart under the bark.

sentit adhūc trepidāre novō sub cortice pectus.

to feel, to sense, to perceive (with the senses)

Prius ad hostium castra pervēnit quam quid agerētur Germānī sentīre possent.

c. 52 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de Bello Gallico 4.14

He arrived at the camp of the enemy before the Germans could perceive what was going on.

to perceive, be aware of, to be sensible of, to notice mentally, to understand (by using one's senses)


pallidus

la-adj

pallidus (feminine pallida, neuter pallidum, comparative pallidior); first/second-declension adjective

pallida (feminine)
pallidum (neuter)
pallidior (comparative)
pallidus (masculine nominative singular)
pallida (feminine nominative singular)
pallidum (neuter nominative singular)
pallidī (masculine nominative singular)
pallidae (feminine nominative plural)
pallida (neuter nominative plural)
pallidī (genitive masculine singular)
pallidae (feminine genitive singular)
pallidī (genitive neuter singular)
pallidōrum (genitive masculine singular)
pallidārum (feminine genitive plural)
pallidōrum (genitive neuter plural)
pallidō (dative masculine singular)
pallidae (dative feminine singular)
pallidō (dative neuter singular)
pallidīs (dative feminine masculine neuter)
pallidum (accusative masculine singular)
pallidam (accusative feminine singular)
pallidum (accusative neuter singular)
pallidōs (accusative masculine singular)
pallidās (accusative feminine plural)
pallida (accusative neuter plural)
pallidō (ablative masculine singular)
pallidā (ablative feminine singular)
pallidō (ablative neuter singular)
pallidīs (ablative feminine masculine neuter)
pallide (masculine singular vocative)
pallida (feminine singular vocative)
pallidum (neuter singular vocative)
pallidī (masculine singular vocative)
pallidae (feminine plural vocative)
pallida (neuter plural vocative)

Translingual: Coniocybe pallida

→ Asturian: pálidu

→ Catalan: pàl·lid, pàl·lidum

Corsican: pallidu, palidu

→ English: pallid, pallidum

Old French: pale

French: pâle

→ Romanian: pal

→ Middle English: pale

English: pale

Friulian: palit

→ Galician: pálido

Italian: pallido

→ Ladino: pálido, פאלידו

Norman: pale

Occitan: palle

→ Piedmontese: pàlid

→ Portuguese: pálido

→ Romanian: palid

Sardinian: pallidu

→ Spanish: pálido

[ˈpälːʲɪd̪ʊs̠]


rubor

la-noun

rubor m (genitive rubōris); third declension

rubōris (genitive)
rubor (nominative singular)
rubōrēs (nominative plural)
rubōris (genitive singular)
rubōrum (genitive plural)
rubōrī (dative singular)
rubōribus (dative plural)
rubōrem (accusative singular)
rubōrēs (accusative plural)
rubōre (ablative singular)
rubōribus (ablative plural)
rubor (singular vocative)
rubōrēs (plural vocative)

→ Catalan: rubor

Old French: rovur, roveur

→ Portuguese: rubor, arrebol (via arrebolar)

→ Spanish: rubor, arrebol (via arrebolar)

Dixit duas res ei rubori fuisse.
He said that two things had abashed him.


fuscus

la-adj

fuscus (feminine fusca, neuter fuscum); first/second-declension adjective

fusca (feminine)
fuscum (neuter)
fuscus (masculine nominative singular)
fusca (feminine nominative singular)
fuscum (neuter nominative singular)
fuscī (masculine nominative singular)
fuscae (feminine nominative plural)
fusca (neuter nominative plural)
fuscī (genitive masculine singular)
fuscae (feminine genitive singular)
fuscī (genitive neuter singular)
fuscōrum (genitive masculine singular)
fuscārum (feminine genitive plural)
fuscōrum (genitive neuter plural)
fuscō (dative masculine singular)
fuscae (dative feminine singular)
fuscō (dative neuter singular)
fuscīs (dative feminine masculine neuter)
fuscum (accusative masculine singular)
fuscam (accusative feminine singular)
fuscum (accusative neuter singular)
fuscōs (accusative masculine singular)
fuscās (accusative feminine plural)
fusca (accusative neuter plural)
fuscō (ablative masculine singular)
fuscā (ablative feminine singular)
fuscō (ablative neuter singular)
fuscīs (ablative feminine masculine neuter)
fusce (masculine singular vocative)
fusca (feminine singular vocative)
fuscum (neuter singular vocative)
fuscī (masculine singular vocative)
fuscae (feminine plural vocative)
fusca (neuter plural vocative)

Asturian: foscu

Dalmatian: fosc

Catalan: fosc, fosca

Galician: fosco, fusco

Italian: fosco

Ladin: fosch

Old French: fusque

Portuguese: fosco, fusco

Sicilian: fuscu

Spanish: hosco

From Proto-Indo-European *dʰus-ko-s (“dark-colored”), (cognate with Proto-Germanic *duskaz), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰwes-, seemingly related to Proto-Indo-European *dʰewh₂-. See also furvus, Proto-Celtic *dusnos, Sanskrit धूसर (dhūsara, “dust-colored”). More at dye, dust.


putridus

putridus (feminine putrida, neuter putridum); first/second-declension adjective

putrida (feminine)
putridum (neuter)
putridus (masculine nominative singular)
putrida (feminine nominative singular)
putridum (neuter nominative singular)
putridī (masculine nominative singular)
putridae (feminine nominative plural)
putrida (neuter nominative plural)
putridī (genitive masculine singular)
putridae (feminine genitive singular)
putridī (genitive neuter singular)
putridōrum (genitive masculine singular)
putridārum (feminine genitive plural)
putridōrum (genitive neuter plural)
putridō (dative masculine singular)
putridae (dative feminine singular)
putridō (dative neuter singular)
putridīs (dative feminine masculine neuter)
putridum (accusative masculine singular)
putridam (accusative feminine singular)
putridum (accusative neuter singular)
putridōs (accusative masculine singular)
putridās (accusative feminine plural)
putrida (accusative neuter plural)
putridō (ablative masculine singular)
putridā (ablative feminine singular)
putridō (ablative neuter singular)
putridīs (ablative feminine masculine neuter)
putride (masculine singular vocative)
putrida (feminine singular vocative)
putridum (neuter singular vocative)
putridī (masculine singular vocative)
putridae (feminine plural vocative)
putrida (neuter plural vocative)

Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: putrid

Romanian: putred

Italo-Romance:

Neapolitan: pruto (Sora)

Vulgar Latin: *putricus (see there for further descendants)

Borrowings:

→ English: putrid

→ French: putride

→ Italian: putrido

→ Portuguese: pútrido

→ Romanian: putrid

→ Spanish: pútrido

[ˈpʊt̪rɪd̪ʊs̠]


gustatus

la-noun

gustātus m (genitive gustātūs); fourth declension

gustātus (canonical masculine)
gustātūs (genitive)
gustātus (nominative singular)
gustātūs (nominative plural)
gustātūs (genitive singular)
gustātuum (genitive plural)
gustātuī (dative singular)
gustātibus (dative plural)
gustātum (accusative singular)
gustātūs (accusative plural)
gustātū (ablative singular)
gustātibus (ablative plural)
gustātus (singular vocative)
gustātūs (plural vocative)

Perfect passive participle of gustō (“taste, sample”).


violaceus

la-adj

violāceus (feminine violācea, neuter violāceum); first/second-declension adjective

violāceus (canonical)
violācea (feminine)
violāceum (neuter)
violāceus (masculine nominative singular)
violācea (feminine nominative singular)
violāceum (neuter nominative singular)
violāceī (masculine nominative singular)
violāceae (feminine nominative plural)
violācea (neuter nominative plural)
violāceī (genitive masculine singular)
violāceae (feminine genitive singular)
violāceī (genitive neuter singular)
violāceōrum (genitive masculine singular)
violāceārum (feminine genitive plural)
violāceōrum (genitive neuter plural)
violāceō (dative masculine singular)
violāceae (dative feminine singular)
violāceō (dative neuter singular)
violāceīs (dative feminine masculine neuter)
violāceum (accusative masculine singular)
violāceam (accusative feminine singular)
violāceum (accusative neuter singular)
violāceōs (accusative masculine singular)
violāceās (accusative feminine plural)
violācea (accusative neuter plural)
violāceō (ablative masculine singular)
violāceā (ablative feminine singular)
violāceō (ablative neuter singular)
violāceīs (ablative feminine masculine neuter)
violācee (masculine singular vocative)
violācea (feminine singular vocative)
violāceum (neuter singular vocative)
violāceī (masculine singular vocative)
violāceae (feminine plural vocative)
violācea (neuter plural vocative)

[u̯iɔˈɫ̪äːkeʊs̠]


aspicio

la-verb

aspiciō (present infinitive aspicere, perfect active aspexī, supine aspectum); third conjugation iō-variant

aspiciō (canonical)
aspicere (infinitive present)
aspexī (active perfect)
aspectum (supine)
aspiciō (active first-person indicative present singular)
aspicis (active indicative present second-person singular)
aspicit (active indicative present singular third-person)
aspicimus (active first-person indicative plural present)
aspicitis (active indicative plural present second-person)
aspiciunt (active indicative plural present third-person)
aspiciēbam (active first-person imperfect indicative singular)
aspiciēbās (active imperfect indicative second-person singular)
aspiciēbat (active imperfect indicative singular third-person)
aspiciēbāmus (active first-person imperfect indicative plural)
aspiciēbātis (active imperfect indicative plural second-person)
aspiciēbant (active imperfect indicative plural third-person)
aspiciam (active first-person future indicative singular)
aspiciēs (active future indicative second-person singular)
aspiciet (active future indicative singular third-person)
aspiciēmus (active first-person future indicative plural)
aspiciētis (active future indicative plural second-person)
aspicient (active future indicative plural third-person)
aspexī (active first-person indicative perfect singular)
aspexistī (active indicative perfect second-person singular)
aspexit (active indicative perfect singular third-person)
aspeximus (active first-person indicative perfect plural)
aspexistis (active indicative perfect plural second-person)
aspexēre (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
aspexērunt (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
aspexeram (active first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
aspexerās (active indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
aspexerat (active indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
aspexerāmus (active first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
aspexerātis (active indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
aspexerant (active indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
aspexerō (active first-person future indicative perfect singular)
aspexeris (active future indicative perfect second-person singular)
aspexerit (active future indicative perfect singular third-person)
aspexerimus (active first-person future indicative perfect plural)
aspexeritis (active future indicative perfect plural second-person)
aspexerint (active future indicative perfect plural third-person)
aspexō (active first-person future sigmatic singular)
aspexis (active future second-person sigmatic singular)
aspexit (active future sigmatic singular third-person)
aspeximus (active first-person future plural sigmatic)
aspexitis (active future plural second-person sigmatic)
aspexint (active future plural sigmatic third-person)
aspicior (first-person indicative passive present singular)
aspicere (indicative passive present second-person singular)
aspiceris (indicative passive present second-person singular)
aspicitur (indicative passive present singular third-person)
aspicimur (first-person indicative passive plural present)
aspiciminī (indicative passive plural present second-person)
aspiciuntur (indicative passive plural present third-person)
aspiciēbar (first-person imperfect indicative passive singular)
aspiciēbāre (imperfect indicative passive second-person singular)
aspiciēbāris (imperfect indicative passive second-person singular)
aspiciēbātur (imperfect indicative passive singular third-person)
aspiciēbāmur (first-person imperfect indicative passive plural)
aspiciēbāminī (imperfect indicative passive plural second-person)
aspiciēbantur (imperfect indicative passive plural third-person)
aspiciar (first-person future indicative passive singular)
aspiciēre (future indicative passive second-person singular)
aspiciēris (future indicative passive second-person singular)
aspiciētur (future indicative passive singular third-person)
aspiciēmur (first-person future indicative passive plural)
aspiciēminī (future indicative passive plural second-person)
aspicientur (future indicative passive plural third-person)
aspiciam (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
aspiciās (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
aspiciat (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
aspiciāmus (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
aspiciātis (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
aspiciant (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
aspicerem (active first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
aspicerēs (active imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
aspiceret (active imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
aspicerēmus (active first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
aspicerētis (active imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
aspicerent (active imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
aspexerim (active first-person perfect singular subjunctive)
aspexerīs (active perfect second-person singular subjunctive)
aspexerit (active perfect singular subjunctive third-person)
aspexerīmus (active first-person perfect plural subjunctive)
aspexerītis (active perfect plural second-person subjunctive)
aspexerint (active perfect plural subjunctive third-person)
aspexissem (active first-person pluperfect singular subjunctive)
aspexissēs (active pluperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
aspexisset (active pluperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
aspexissēmus (active first-person pluperfect plural subjunctive)
aspexissētis (active pluperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
aspexissent (active pluperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
aspexim (active aorist first-person sigmatic singular)
aspexīs (active aorist second-person sigmatic singular)
aspexīt (active aorist sigmatic singular third-person)
aspexīmus (active aorist first-person plural sigmatic)
aspexītis (active aorist plural second-person sigmatic)
aspexint (active aorist plural sigmatic third-person)
aspiciar (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
aspiciāre (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
aspiciāris (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
aspiciātur (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
aspiciāmur (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
aspiciāminī (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
aspiciantur (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
aspicerer (first-person imperfect passive singular subjunctive)
aspicerēre (imperfect passive second-person singular subjunctive)
aspicerēris (imperfect passive second-person singular subjunctive)
aspicerētur (imperfect passive singular subjunctive third-person)
aspicerēmur (first-person imperfect passive plural subjunctive)
aspicerēminī (imperfect passive plural second-person subjunctive)
aspicerentur (imperfect passive plural subjunctive third-person)
aspice (active imperative present second-person singular)
aspicite (active imperative plural present second-person)
aspicitō (active future imperative second-person singular)
aspicitō (active future imperative singular third-person)
aspicitōte (active future imperative plural second-person)
aspiciuntō (active future imperative plural third-person)
aspicere (imperative passive present second-person singular)
aspiciminī (imperative passive plural present second-person)
aspicitor (future imperative passive second-person singular)
aspicitor (future imperative passive singular third-person)
aspiciuntor (future imperative passive plural third-person)
aspicere (active infinitive present)
aspicī (infinitive passive present)
aspiciēns (active participle present)
aspectūrum esse (active future infinitive)
aspectum īrī (future infinitive passive)
aspectūrus (active future participle)
aspiciendus (future participle passive)
aspiciundus (future participle passive)
aspexisse (active infinitive perfect)
aspectum esse (infinitive passive perfect)
aspectus (participle passive perfect)
aspectum fore (future infinitive passive perfect)
aspectūrum fuisse (active infinitive perfect potential)
aspiciendī (genitive gerund noun-from-verb)
aspiciendō (dative gerund noun-from-verb)
aspiciendum (accusative gerund noun-from-verb)
aspiciendō (ablative gerund noun-from-verb)
aspectum (accusative noun-from-verb supine)
aspectū (ablative noun-from-verb supine)

→ English: aspect

→ Italian: aspettare

From ad- (“to, towards, at”) + speciō (“observe, look at”).

af

“… līmina Vestae servantem / et tacitam sēcrētā in sēde latentem / Tyndarida aspiciō ….”
“… the thresholds of Vesta protecting [her], and [given that she was] hiding quietly in the temple – I catch sight of the forsaken daughter of Tyndareus ….”

29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 2.567–569

(Patronymic: Helen was the daughter of Tyndareus.)

to observe, notice, catch sight of, espy, perceive


cinereus

la-adj

cinereus (feminine cinerea, neuter cinereum); first/second-declension adjective

cinerea (feminine)
cinereum (neuter)
cinereus (masculine nominative singular)
cinerea (feminine nominative singular)
cinereum (neuter nominative singular)
cinereī (masculine nominative singular)
cinereae (feminine nominative plural)
cinerea (neuter nominative plural)
cinereī (genitive masculine singular)
cinereae (feminine genitive singular)
cinereī (genitive neuter singular)
cinereōrum (genitive masculine singular)
cinereārum (feminine genitive plural)
cinereōrum (genitive neuter plural)
cinereō (dative masculine singular)
cinereae (dative feminine singular)
cinereō (dative neuter singular)
cinereīs (dative feminine masculine neuter)
cinereum (accusative masculine singular)
cineream (accusative feminine singular)
cinereum (accusative neuter singular)
cinereōs (accusative masculine singular)
cinereās (accusative feminine plural)
cinerea (accusative neuter plural)
cinereō (ablative masculine singular)
cinereā (ablative feminine singular)
cinereō (ablative neuter singular)
cinereīs (ablative feminine masculine neuter)
cineree (masculine singular vocative)
cinerea (feminine singular vocative)
cinereum (neuter singular vocative)
cinereī (masculine singular vocative)
cinereae (feminine plural vocative)
cinerea (neuter plural vocative)

→ Catalan: cineri

→ English: cinereous

→ Italian: cinereo

→ Portuguese: cinéreo

→ Spanish: cinéreo


lutum

la-noun

lūtum n (genitive lūtī); second declension

lūtum (canonical neuter)
lūtī (genitive)
lūtum (nominative singular)
lūta (nominative plural)
lūtī (genitive singular)
lūtōrum (genitive plural)
lūtō (dative singular)
lūtīs (dative plural)
lūtum (accusative singular)
lūta (accusative plural)
lūtō (ablative singular)
lūtīs (ablative plural)
lūtum (singular vocative)
lūta (plural vocative)

[ˈɫ̪uːt̪ʊ̃ˑ]

Maybe from Old Latin clūtum, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰelh₃- (“green, yellow”). Cognate with Latin fel, helvus, holus and bilis.

der

Reseda luteola
Reseda luteola#Translingual

The plant Reseda luteola used in dyeing yellow; weld, dyer's weed.


salum

la-noun

salum n sg (genitive salī); second declension

salī (genitive)
salum (nominative singular)
salī (genitive singular)
salō (dative singular)
salum (accusative singular)
salō (ablative singular)
salum (singular vocative)

Either from sāl (“salt”) or borrowed from Ancient Greek σάλος (sálos, “movement of the sea”).


caeruleus

la-adj

caeruleus (feminine caerulea, neuter caeruleum); first/second-declension adjective

caerulea (feminine)
caeruleum (neuter)
caeruleus (masculine nominative singular)
caerulea (feminine nominative singular)
caeruleum (neuter nominative singular)
caeruleī (masculine nominative singular)
caeruleae (feminine nominative plural)
caerulea (neuter nominative plural)
caeruleī (genitive masculine singular)
caeruleae (feminine genitive singular)
caeruleī (genitive neuter singular)
caeruleōrum (genitive masculine singular)
caeruleārum (feminine genitive plural)
caeruleōrum (genitive neuter plural)
caeruleō (dative masculine singular)
caeruleae (dative feminine singular)
caeruleō (dative neuter singular)
caeruleīs (dative feminine masculine neuter)
caeruleum (accusative masculine singular)
caeruleam (accusative feminine singular)
caeruleum (accusative neuter singular)
caeruleōs (accusative masculine singular)
caeruleās (accusative feminine plural)
caerulea (accusative neuter plural)
caeruleō (ablative masculine singular)
caeruleā (ablative feminine singular)
caeruleō (ablative neuter singular)
caeruleīs (ablative feminine masculine neuter)
caerulee (masculine singular vocative)
caerulea (feminine singular vocative)
caeruleum (neuter singular vocative)
caeruleī (masculine singular vocative)
caeruleae (feminine plural vocative)
caerulea (neuter plural vocative)

→ English: cerulean

→ French: céruléen

→ Italian: ceruleo

→ Portuguese: cerúleo

→ Romanian: ceruleu

→ Spanish: cerúleo

[käe̯ˈrʊɫ̪eʊs̠]

Dissimilation of *caeluleus, derived from caelum (“sky, heaven”) + -uleus (diminutive suffix).

affix

Having the color of the sky; blue or greenish-blue; cerulean, azure


cervinus

la-adj

cervīnus (feminine cervīna, neuter cervīnum); first/second-declension adjective

cervīnus (canonical)
cervīna (feminine)
cervīnum (neuter)
cervīnus (masculine nominative singular)
cervīna (feminine nominative singular)
cervīnum (neuter nominative singular)
cervīnī (masculine nominative singular)
cervīnae (feminine nominative plural)
cervīna (neuter nominative plural)
cervīnī (genitive masculine singular)
cervīnae (feminine genitive singular)
cervīnī (genitive neuter singular)
cervīnōrum (genitive masculine singular)
cervīnārum (feminine genitive plural)
cervīnōrum (genitive neuter plural)
cervīnō (dative masculine singular)
cervīnae (dative feminine singular)
cervīnō (dative neuter singular)
cervīnīs (dative feminine masculine neuter)
cervīnum (accusative masculine singular)
cervīnam (accusative feminine singular)
cervīnum (accusative neuter singular)
cervīnōs (accusative masculine singular)
cervīnās (accusative feminine plural)
cervīna (accusative neuter plural)
cervīnō (ablative masculine singular)
cervīnā (ablative feminine singular)
cervīnō (ablative neuter singular)
cervīnīs (ablative feminine masculine neuter)
cervīne (masculine singular vocative)
cervīna (feminine singular vocative)
cervīnum (neuter singular vocative)
cervīnī (masculine singular vocative)
cervīnae (feminine plural vocative)
cervīna (neuter plural vocative)

Catalan: cerví

→ English: cervine

Galician: cerviño

Italian: cervino

Portuguese: cervino

Spanish: cervino


castoreum

la-noun

castoreum n (genitive castoreī); second declension

castoreī (genitive)
castoreum (nominative singular)
castorea (nominative plural)
castoreī (genitive singular)
castoreōrum (genitive plural)
castoreō (dative singular)
castoreīs (dative plural)
castoreum (accusative singular)
castorea (accusative plural)
castoreō (ablative singular)
castoreīs (ablative plural)
castoreum (singular vocative)
castorea (plural vocative)

[käs̠ˈt̪ɔreʊ̃ˑ]


aspectus

aspectus m (genitive aspectūs); fourth declension

aspectūs (genitive)
aspectus (nominative singular)
aspectūs (nominative plural)
aspectūs (genitive singular)
aspectuum (genitive plural)
aspectuī (dative singular)
aspectibus (dative plural)
aspectum (accusative singular)
aspectūs (accusative plural)
aspectū (ablative singular)
aspectibus (ablative plural)
aspectus (singular vocative)
aspectūs (plural vocative)

English: aspect

Catalan: aspecte

French: aspect

German: Aspekt

Italian: aspetto

Old Galician-Portuguese: aspeito

Polish: aspekt

Portuguese: aspecto, aspeto

Russian: аспе́кт m (aspékt)

Sicilian: aspettu

Spanish: aspecto

[äs̠ˈpɛkt̪ʊs̠]

Perfect passive participle of aspiciō (“behold, see; catch sight of”).

At vērō Aenēās aspectū obmūtuit āmēns,

29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 4.279–280

But in truth Aeneas, bewildered by the vision, was struck speechless. His hair stood bristling, and his voice was caught in his throat.
(Mercury had appeared suddenly to Aeneas; the god spoke, and vanished.)

arrēctaeque horrōre comae, et vōx faucibus haesit.

visibility, appearance, vision; aspect, presence, mien, countenance; form; color


caesius

la-adj

caesius (feminine caesia, neuter caesium); first/second-declension adjective

caesia (feminine)
caesium (neuter)
caesius (masculine nominative singular)
caesia (feminine nominative singular)
caesium (neuter nominative singular)
caesiī (masculine nominative singular)
caesiae (feminine nominative plural)
caesia (neuter nominative plural)
caesiī (genitive masculine singular)
caesiae (feminine genitive singular)
caesiī (genitive neuter singular)
caesiōrum (genitive masculine singular)
caesiārum (feminine genitive plural)
caesiōrum (genitive neuter plural)
caesiō (dative masculine singular)
caesiae (dative feminine singular)
caesiō (dative neuter singular)
caesiīs (dative feminine masculine neuter)
caesium (accusative masculine singular)
caesiam (accusative feminine singular)
caesium (accusative neuter singular)
caesiōs (accusative masculine singular)
caesiās (accusative feminine plural)
caesia (accusative neuter plural)
caesiō (ablative masculine singular)
caesiā (ablative feminine singular)
caesiō (ablative neuter singular)
caesiīs (ablative feminine masculine neuter)
caesie (masculine singular vocative)
caesia (feminine singular vocative)
caesium (neuter singular vocative)
caesiī (masculine singular vocative)
caesiae (feminine plural vocative)
caesia (neuter plural vocative)

English: caesious, caesium

Literally 'cutting, piercing', from caedō (“I cut”)

(of the eyes) bluish-gray, gray-eyed, blue-eyed, cat-eyed


lividus

līvidus (feminine līvida, neuter līvidum, superlative līvidissimus, adverb līvidē); first/second-declension adjective

līvidus (canonical)
līvida (feminine)
līvidum (neuter)
līvidissimus (superlative)
līvidē (adverb)
līvidus (masculine nominative singular)
līvida (feminine nominative singular)
līvidum (neuter nominative singular)
līvidī (masculine nominative singular)
līvidae (feminine nominative plural)
līvida (neuter nominative plural)
līvidī (genitive masculine singular)
līvidae (feminine genitive singular)
līvidī (genitive neuter singular)
līvidōrum (genitive masculine singular)
līvidārum (feminine genitive plural)
līvidōrum (genitive neuter plural)
līvidō (dative masculine singular)
līvidae (dative feminine singular)
līvidō (dative neuter singular)
līvidīs (dative feminine masculine neuter)
līvidum (accusative masculine singular)
līvidam (accusative feminine singular)
līvidum (accusative neuter singular)
līvidōs (accusative masculine singular)
līvidās (accusative feminine plural)
līvida (accusative neuter plural)
līvidō (ablative masculine singular)
līvidā (ablative feminine singular)
līvidō (ablative neuter singular)
līvidīs (ablative feminine masculine neuter)
līvide (masculine singular vocative)
līvida (feminine singular vocative)
līvidum (neuter singular vocative)
līvidī (masculine singular vocative)
līvidae (feminine plural vocative)
līvida (neuter plural vocative)

Acaenitus lividus

Acetosella livida

Actinomadura livida

Agalope livida

Agaricus lividus

Agelescape livida

Agriornis livida

Agriornis lividus

Aleiodes lividus

Aleposomus lividus

Amanita livida

Amaranthus lividus

Amastus lividus

Amazonina livida

Amphipyra livida

Anacheilium lividum

Anacolus lividus

Andrena livida

Andropogon lividus

Angionychus lividus

Anolis lividus

Anthene livida

Anthrax livida

Anthribus lividus

Antirhea livida

Apargia livida

Aphaenogaster livida

Aphodius lividus

Aphonoides lividus

Aphonomorphus lividus

Aphonus livida

Aphyosemion lividum

Apocynum lividum

Ardisia livida

Arum lividum

Arytera livida

Asilus livida

Aspidostoma livida

Asplenium lividum

Asterostigma lividum

Asthena livida

Austronilea livida

Avicula livida

Balta livida

Barlaeina livida

Bellota livida

Bembicium lividum

Bergevinium lividum

Bertholdia livida

Betta livida

Bibio lividus

Bilbilicallia livida

Biton lividus

Blatta livida

Boletus lividus

Bracon lividus

Bromus lividus

Buccinum lividum

Bullia livida

Bungarus lividus

Bursa livida

Cabalodontia livida

Caladium lividum

Callidium lividum

Callimome lividus

Calliostoma lividum

Calliphora livida

Caloscilla livida

Calycina livida

Camentoserica livida

Cancer lividus

Canthium lividum

Canthon lividus

Carex livida

Cataglyphis lividus

Ceraleptus lividus

Cerapachys lividus

Cerconychia livida

Cercopis livida

Cerdistus lividus

Cerebratulus lividus

Chaetocnema livida

Chaetodon lividus

Chalybion lividum

Chamaesyce livida

Cheilosia livida

Cheiranthus lividus

Chelidonura livida

Chironomus lividus

Chloronia livida

Chlorosplenium lividum

Ciboria livida

Cladonota lividus

Clausocalanus lividus

Cleonis livida

Comandra livida

Compsa livida

Conioscinella livida

Conus lividus

Convolvulus lividus

Corominus lividus

Corticium lividum

Cortinarius lividus

Corydalis livida

Corydalus lividus

Cosmisoma lividum

Crouania livida

Ctenonotus lividus

Cupania livida

Curculio lividus

Cyclothone livida

Cycnoderus lividus

Cymbopogon lividus

Cyrtandra livida

Cyrtonaias livida

Dalbergia livida

Danthonia livida

Decorihastula livida

Decorsea livida

Delphacodes livida

Dermatea livida

Dermatella livida

Diaphorus lividus

Dicheros lividus

Dicranomyia livida

Dictyna livida

Digitaria livida

Diplachne livida

Dischidia livida

Disphragis livida

Distaplia livida

Distichopora livida

Drakaea livida

Drassodes lividus

Dryopteris livida

Durella livida

Dyrithium lividum

Dystrichothorax lividus

Echinus lividus

Ectobius lividus

Edaphus livida

Edritria livida

Elasmus lividus

Eleutherodactylus lividus

Elionurus lividus

Empis livida

Encyclia livida

Eneoptera livida

Engina livida

Entoloma lividum

Epidendrum lividum

Epilobium lividum

Eriocaulon lividum

Ervilia livida

Ethmia livida

Eucalyptus livida

Euderus lividus

Eudorylas lividus

Eugenia livida

Eumusonia livida

Eunotus lividus

Euphorbia livida

Eupomacentrus lividus

Euryechinus lividus

Euscelidia livida

Fenestella livida

Festuca livida

Fomes lividus

Fuhrmannodesmus lividus

Fuscoporia livida

Galium lividum

Gari livida

Gelis lividus

Geocaulon lividum

Geograpsus lividus

Geranium lividum

Glaurocara livida

Glossosoma lividum

Glycymeris livida

Glyphodera livida

Gomphus lividus

Gryllus lividus

Guettardella livida

Gymnochthebius lividus

Gyrodon lividus

Halacritus lividus

Haplochromis lividus

Haplopelma lividum

Heliastes lividus

Helicopsyche livida

Helleborus lividus

Helleria livida

Hellerochloa livida

Helotium lividum

Hemelytroblatta livida

Hemisincirra livida

Heterogamia livida

Heteronyx lividus

Hieracium lividum

Huequenia livida

Humaria livida

Hyacinthus lividus

Hyalornis livida

Hymenoscyphus lividus

Hyperteles lividus

Hypotrachyna livida

Hysteropterum lividum

Ichneumon lividus

Iridomyrmex lividus

Iris livida

Ischyropalpus lividus

Isochilus lividus

Iulus lividus

Ixodes lividus

Jacksonomyces lividus

Janthinobacterium lividum

Joculator lividus

Julus lividus

Justicia livida

Juxtaxanthias lividus

Kaleva livida

Labarrus lividus

Labeo lividus

Labidochromis lividus

Lacerta livida

Lachesilla livida

Lachnea livida

Lactarius lividus

Lactuca livida

Laemodonta livida

Lagoana livida

Lampides lividus

Lanzia livida

Lasiorrhynchites lividus

Lentinus lividus

Leontodon lividus

Leptodius lividus

Leptopharsa livida

Leptosphaeria livida

Leptostylus lividus

Leptura livida

Leuciscus lividus, now Rutilus rutilus

Leucoloma livida

Leucothyreus lividus

Lilaceophlebia livida

Limenitis livida

Listronyx livida

Lividoconus lividus

Lixus lividus

Locris livida

Lonchetron lividum

Loweporus lividus

Loxoneura livida

Lycodon lividum

Lycoperdon lividum

Macron lividus

Macrosteles livida

Malus livida

Matabelina livida

Matayba livida

Matthiola livida

Medasina livida

Melachroia livida

Melanagromyza livida

Mercurialis livida

Merulius lividus

Mestocharis lividus

Mestocharomyia lividus

Miconia livida

Mimodromius lividus

Miresa livida

Misgurnus lividus

Mollisiella livida

Munidopsis livida

Murex lividus

Mycomya livida

Mycothyridium lividum

Mydas lividus

Myophora livida

Nahublattella livida

Natica livida

Neanthribus lividus

Nebria livida

Neoamphicyclus lividus

Neoblattella livida

Neolucanus lividus

Neomegastigmus lividus

Nerocila livida

Nucras livida

Ocyptamus lividus

Odontia livida

Odorrana livida

Orania livida

Orobanche livida

Orocharis livida

Orocharis lividus

Orphnaeus lividus

Orthognathus lividus

Osmia livida

Oxalis livida

Oxymorpha livida

Oxyomorpha livida

Oxypetalum lividum

Pachystele livida

Pachystelis livida

Paracentrotus lividus

Parapomacentrus lividus

Parmelia livida

Parophonus lividus

Paspalum lividum

Patellaria livida

Pavia livida

Pecten livida

Pecten lividus

Pectunculus livida

Penicillium lividum

Peniophora livida

Perisesarma lividum

Petromyzon lividus

Pezicula livida

Pezizella livida

Phaenocarpa livida

Phellinus lividus

Philodromus lividus

Philodryas livida

Philodryas lividum

Phlebia livida

Pholeoixodes lividus

Phora livida

Phthiracarus lividus

Physarum lividum

Piper lividum

Pithyella livida

Platyinion lividum

Plexippus lividus

Plusiotricha livida

Poecilium lividum

Pollardia livida

Polypodium lividum

Polyporus lividus

Pomacentrus lividus

Popillia livida

Poria livida

Portunus lividus

Potamonautes lividus

Prinoessa livida

Pristimantis lividus

Proctoporus lividus

Prosoplus lividus

Prosthechea livida

Protodontia livida

Protohydnum lividum

Psammobia livida

Pseudencyclia livida

Pseudohelotium lividum

Pseudokatianna livida

Pseudoliva livida

Pseudovadonia livida

Psydrax livida

Pteris livida

Pterodela livida

Rana livida

Rhodophyllus lividus

Rhus livida

Rhynchites lividus

Ricinus lividus

Robertus lividus

Rosa livida

Rouleina livida

Rubus lividus

Russula livida

Salarias lividus

Salix livida

Sanguinolaria livida

Saperda livida

Saphenista livida

Scaeochlamys livida

Scaphyglottis livida

Schedonorus lividus

Schizonycha livida

Scilla livida (syn. of Ledebouria revoluta))

Scindalma lividum

Scleroderris livida

Scranciola livida

Scrophularia livida

Scutigera livida

Sedum lividum

Segastes lividus

Senaspis livida

Senecio lividus

Sericoides livida

Sesarma lividum

Sessinia livida

Sibylla livida

Sicyopterus lividus

Silene livida

Simulium lividum

Solanum lividum

Sorghum lividum

Sphaenognathus lividus

Sphaeria livida

Spilogaster livida

Stegastes lividus

Stenaspidius lividus

Stenocarus lividus

Streblote livida

Strioterebrum lividum

Strongylocentrotus lividus

Sybilla livida

Sympiezomias lividus

Syneches lividus

Synemon livida

Tabanus lividus

Tachys lividus

Taeniaptera livida

Taraxacum lividum

Telamonia livida

Telebasis livida

Temnora livida

Terana livida

Terebra livida

Terricirra livida

Thelephora livida

Thuridilla livida

Thyridium lividum

Tinodes lividum

Tipula livida

Tomaspis livida

Tomentella livida

Tomophyllum lividum

Torymus lividus

Toxocidaris livida

Toxolasma lividum

Toxopneustes lividus

Triarius lividus

Trichoceromyza livida

Tricyphona livida

Trifolium lividum

Triodia livida

Tropaeas livida

Udea livida

Uloporus lividus

Unguiculariopsis livida

Uralepis livida

Utricularia livida

Vaginata livida

Viola livida

Vokesimurex lividus

Xylosphaeria livida

Zelotes lividus

Zigera livida

Catalan: lívid

→ English: livid

French: livide

Galician: lívido

Italian: livido

Piedmontese: lìvid

Portuguese: lívido

Sicilian: lìvitu

Spanish: lívido

[ˈlʲiːu̯ɪd̪ʊs̠]

Can be construed as līveō (“I am of a bluish color or livid; envy”) + -idus, but more at līveō.


melinus

la-adj

mēlinus (feminine mēlina, neuter mēlinum); first/second-declension adjective

mēlinus (canonical)
mēlina (feminine)
mēlinum (neuter)
mēlinus (masculine nominative singular)
mēlina (feminine nominative singular)
mēlinum (neuter nominative singular)
mēlinī (masculine nominative singular)
mēlinae (feminine nominative plural)
mēlina (neuter nominative plural)
mēlinī (genitive masculine singular)
mēlinae (feminine genitive singular)
mēlinī (genitive neuter singular)
mēlinōrum (genitive masculine singular)
mēlinārum (feminine genitive plural)
mēlinōrum (genitive neuter plural)
mēlinō (dative masculine singular)
mēlinae (dative feminine singular)
mēlinō (dative neuter singular)
mēlinīs (dative feminine masculine neuter)
mēlinum (accusative masculine singular)
mēlinam (accusative feminine singular)
mēlinum (accusative neuter singular)
mēlinōs (accusative masculine singular)
mēlinās (accusative feminine plural)
mēlina (accusative neuter plural)
mēlinō (ablative masculine singular)
mēlinā (ablative feminine singular)
mēlinō (ablative neuter singular)
mēlinīs (ablative feminine masculine neuter)
mēline (masculine singular vocative)
mēlina (feminine singular vocative)
mēlinum (neuter singular vocative)
mēlinī (masculine singular vocative)
mēlinae (feminine plural vocative)
mēlina (neuter plural vocative)

From Ancient Greek μήλινος (mḗlinos, “made of apples or quinces”).

der

Of the colour or color of quinces; quince-yellow.


rubeus

la-adj

rubeus (feminine rubea, neuter rubeum); first/second-declension adjective

rubea (feminine)
rubeum (neuter)
rubeus (masculine nominative singular)
rubea (feminine nominative singular)
rubeum (neuter nominative singular)
rubeī (masculine nominative singular)
rubeae (feminine nominative plural)
rubea (neuter nominative plural)
rubeī (genitive masculine singular)
rubeae (feminine genitive singular)
rubeī (genitive neuter singular)
rubeōrum (genitive masculine singular)
rubeārum (feminine genitive plural)
rubeōrum (genitive neuter plural)
rubeō (dative masculine singular)
rubeae (dative feminine singular)
rubeō (dative neuter singular)
rubeīs (dative feminine masculine neuter)
rubeum (accusative masculine singular)
rubeam (accusative feminine singular)
rubeum (accusative neuter singular)
rubeōs (accusative masculine singular)
rubeās (accusative feminine plural)
rubea (accusative neuter plural)
rubeō (ablative masculine singular)
rubeā (ablative feminine singular)
rubeō (ablative neuter singular)
rubeīs (ablative feminine masculine neuter)
rubee (masculine singular vocative)
rubea (feminine singular vocative)
rubeum (neuter singular vocative)
rubeī (masculine singular vocative)
rubeae (feminine plural vocative)
rubea (neuter plural vocative)

Catalan: roig

Franco-Provençal: rojo

Galician: rubio, roibo

Interlingua: rubie

Italian: robbio

Occitan: roge

desctree

Old French: roge
Middle French: rouge
French: rouge
→ English: rouge
Haitian Creole: rouj, wouj
→ Hijazi Arabic: روج (rōj)
→ Japanese: ルージュ (rūju)
→ Korean: 루주 (ruju)
Louisiana Creole: rouj
→ Norwegian Nynorsk: rouge
→ Serbo-Croatian: ruž
→ Swedish: rouge
→ Turkish: ruj
Norman: rouage (Guernsey), rouoge (Jersey, continental Normandy)
Walloon: rodje

Portuguese: rúbeo, ruivo

Romanian: roib

Sardinian: arrúbiu, rúbiu, ruju

Spanish: roya, royo; → rúbeo; rubio
→ Tagalog: rubyo

[Bōvum sit] corium tactū nōn asperum ac dūrum, colōre potissimum nigrō, deinde robeō, tertiō helvō, quartō albō[...]

37 BCE, Marcus Terentius Varro, De Re Rustica, book 2, chapter 8:

[Cows'] skin [should be] not rough and hard to the touch, with a color preferably black, next red, third yellow, fourth white…

Mīnos sorte audītā coepit mōnstrum ā suīs quaerere; cui dīxērunt nātum esse uītulum quī ter in diē colōrem mūtāret per quaternās hōrās, prīmum album, secundō rubeum, deinde nigrum. Minos autem ad mōnstrum solvendum augurēs convocāvit, quī cum nōn invenīrentur, Polyīdus Coeranī fīlius Bizantī mōnstrum dēmōnstrāvit, eum arborī mōrō similem esse; nam prīmum album est, deinde rubrum, cum permātūrāvit nigrum.

(Can we date this quote?), Gaius Julius Hyginus, “Polyidus”, in Fabulae:

Minos, having heard the oracle, began to seek a monster from among his people; they said that to them had been born a calf that would change its color three times a day every four hours, first white, second red, then black. So Minos called the augurs together to deal with the monster; when they were not found, Polyidus, son of Coeranus of Byzantium, pointed out that the monster was similar to the blackberry tree, for it is first white, then red, and when it has entirely ripened, black.

Admissārius tamen asinus sit huiusmodī, corpore amplō, solidō, mūsculōsō, strictīs et fortibus membrīs, nigrī vel mūrīnī maximē colōris aut rubeī: quī tamen, sī discolōrēs pilōs in palpebrīs aut auribus geret, colōrem subolis plērumque variābit.

c. 400, Rutilius Taurus Aemilianus Palladius, Opus Agriculturae, book 4 (Mensis Martius), chapter 14 (De mulis et asinis), line 3:

But a stud donkey should be of this kind: with a large, firm, muscular body, tight and strong limbs, of a black, or at most mouse-like or red, color; but if it has different-colored hairs on its eyelids or ears, then it will mostly make its offspring's color different.


russus

la-adj

russus (feminine russa, neuter russum); first/second-declension adjective

russa (feminine)
russum (neuter)
russus (masculine nominative singular)
russa (feminine nominative singular)
russum (neuter nominative singular)
russī (masculine nominative singular)
russae (feminine nominative plural)
russa (neuter nominative plural)
russī (genitive masculine singular)
russae (feminine genitive singular)
russī (genitive neuter singular)
russōrum (genitive masculine singular)
russārum (feminine genitive plural)
russōrum (genitive neuter plural)
russō (dative masculine singular)
russae (dative feminine singular)
russō (dative neuter singular)
russīs (dative feminine masculine neuter)
russum (accusative masculine singular)
russam (accusative feminine singular)
russum (accusative neuter singular)
russōs (accusative masculine singular)
russās (accusative feminine plural)
russa (accusative neuter plural)
russō (ablative masculine singular)
russā (ablative feminine singular)
russō (ablative neuter singular)
russīs (ablative feminine masculine neuter)
russe (masculine singular vocative)
russa (feminine singular vocative)
russum (neuter singular vocative)
russī (masculine singular vocative)
russae (feminine plural vocative)
russa (neuter plural vocative)

Aragonese: royo

Aromanian: arosh, rosh

Asturian: roxu

Catalan: ros

Old French: rous, ros

English: roux, russet

French: roux

Friulian: ros

Greek: ρούσος (roúsos)

Istriot: russo

Dalmatian: ros

Italian: rosso

Megleno-Romanian: roș, roși

Neapolitan: russo

Occitan: ros

desctree

Old Galician-Portuguese: roxo
Galician: roxo
Portuguese: roxo (see there for further descendants)

Galician: roxo

Portuguese: roxo, russo

Romanian: roșu

Romagnol: ròss (San Marino), råss (Rimini)

Sicilian: russu

Old Spanish: roxo

Spanish: rojo

Venetan: róso

desc

ру́сий, ро́сий, руся́вий

Ukrainian: ру́сий, ро́сий, руся́вий (rúsyj, rósyj, rusjávyj)

From Proto-Italic *russos, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rewdʰ- (“red”). Compare Old East Slavic русъ (rusŭ) (< Proto-Slavic *rusъ < *rudsъ). See also ruber.


aureolus

la-adj

aureolus (feminine aureola, neuter aureolum); first/second-declension adjective

aureola (feminine)
aureolum (neuter)
aureolus (masculine nominative singular)
aureola (feminine nominative singular)
aureolum (neuter nominative singular)
aureolī (masculine nominative singular)
aureolae (feminine nominative plural)
aureola (neuter nominative plural)
aureolī (genitive masculine singular)
aureolae (feminine genitive singular)
aureolī (genitive neuter singular)
aureolōrum (genitive masculine singular)
aureolārum (feminine genitive plural)
aureolōrum (genitive neuter plural)
aureolō (dative masculine singular)
aureolae (dative feminine singular)
aureolō (dative neuter singular)
aureolīs (dative feminine masculine neuter)
aureolum (accusative masculine singular)
aureolam (accusative feminine singular)
aureolum (accusative neuter singular)
aureolōs (accusative masculine singular)
aureolās (accusative feminine plural)
aureola (accusative neuter plural)
aureolō (ablative masculine singular)
aureolā (ablative feminine singular)
aureolō (ablative neuter singular)
aureolīs (ablative feminine masculine neuter)
aureole (masculine singular vocative)
aureola (feminine singular vocative)
aureolum (neuter singular vocative)
aureolī (masculine singular vocative)
aureolae (feminine plural vocative)
aureola (neuter plural vocative)

Balkan Romance:

Romanian: alior

Padanian:

Piedmontese: orieul

Southern Gallo-Romance:

Catalan: oriol

Occitan: auriòl, auriòu

→ Old French: oriol

Middle French: oriol

→ English: oriole

⇒ French: loriol

⇒ French: loriot

Ibero-Romance:

Galician: ouriolo

Borrowings:

→ English: aureolin

→ Catalan: aurèola

→ Old French: aureole

French: auréole

→ English: aureole

[äu̯ˈreɔɫ̪ʊs̠]

Diminutive from aureus (“golden; gilded”) + -olus, from aurum (“gold”).

Adorned, covered or decorated with gold, gilded.

(figuratively) Golden, beautiful, splendid, magnificent, excellent.


galbinus

galbinus (feminine galbina, neuter galbinum); first/second-declension adjective

galbina (feminine)
galbinum (neuter)
galbinus (masculine nominative singular)
galbina (feminine nominative singular)
galbinum (neuter nominative singular)
galbinī (masculine nominative singular)
galbinae (feminine nominative plural)
galbina (neuter nominative plural)
galbinī (genitive masculine singular)
galbinae (feminine genitive singular)
galbinī (genitive neuter singular)
galbinōrum (genitive masculine singular)
galbinārum (feminine genitive plural)
galbinōrum (genitive neuter plural)
galbinō (dative masculine singular)
galbinae (dative feminine singular)
galbinō (dative neuter singular)
galbinīs (dative feminine masculine neuter)
galbinum (accusative masculine singular)
galbinam (accusative feminine singular)
galbinum (accusative neuter singular)
galbinōs (accusative masculine singular)
galbinās (accusative feminine plural)
galbina (accusative neuter plural)
galbinō (ablative masculine singular)
galbinā (ablative feminine singular)
galbinō (ablative neuter singular)
galbinīs (ablative feminine masculine neuter)
galbine (masculine singular vocative)
galbina (feminine singular vocative)
galbinum (neuter singular vocative)
galbinī (masculine singular vocative)
galbinae (feminine plural vocative)
galbina (neuter plural vocative)

Albanian: gjelbër

Aromanian: galbin

Franco-Provençal: jôno

Old French: jalne, jaune

French: jaune

→ Emilian: żâl

→ Friulian: zâl

→ Galician: xalde

→ Istriot: zalo

→ Italian: giallo

→ Lombard: jald (giald, zald)

→ Piedmontese: giaun

→ Sicilian: giallu, giarnu

→ Venetan: gialo, zało

Walloon: djaene

Old Lombard: galdo

desctree

Romanian: galben, galbin — popular, galbăn — popular
→ Vlax Romani: gàlbeno, galbeno

[ˈɡäɫ̪bɪnʊs̠]

Unknown, perhaps from galbanum, but the process is morphologically unclear.
Or, perhaps from the same source as German: gelb.


palatum

la-noun

palātum n (genitive palātī); second declension

palātum (canonical neuter)
palātī (genitive)
palātum (nominative singular)
palāta (nominative plural)
palātī (genitive singular)
palātōrum (genitive plural)
palātō (dative singular)
palātīs (dative plural)
palātum (accusative singular)
palāta (accusative plural)
palātō (ablative singular)
palātīs (ablative plural)
palātum (singular vocative)
palāta (plural vocative)

→ Albanian: pëllas

→ Friulian: palât

→ Italian: palato

→ Romanian: palat

→ Piedmontese: palat, palà

→ Portuguese: palato

→ Romanian: păraț

Venetan: palà, pałà

⇒ Vulgar Latin: palātium

→ Old French: palat

→ Middle English: palate

→ English: palate

Old French: palais

French: palais

Norman: palais

[päˈɫ̪äːt̪ʊ̃ˑ]

Probably from Proto-Indo-European *pleh₂-os, from *pleh₂- (“flat, wide”). Perhaps connected to Etruscan 𐌚𐌀𐌋𐌀𐌃𐌖𐌌 (faladum, “sky”), according to Michael L. Weiss.

(literally, anatomy) palate (roof of the mouth)

palate (roof of the mouth)
palate (organ of taste and judgment)


roseus

la-adj

roseus (feminine rosea, neuter roseum); first/second-declension adjective

rosea (feminine)
roseum (neuter)
roseus (masculine nominative singular)
rosea (feminine nominative singular)
roseum (neuter nominative singular)
roseī (masculine nominative singular)
roseae (feminine nominative plural)
rosea (neuter nominative plural)
roseī (genitive masculine singular)
roseae (feminine genitive singular)
roseī (genitive neuter singular)
roseōrum (genitive masculine singular)
roseārum (feminine genitive plural)
roseōrum (genitive neuter plural)
roseō (dative masculine singular)
roseae (dative feminine singular)
roseō (dative neuter singular)
roseīs (dative feminine masculine neuter)
roseum (accusative masculine singular)
roseam (accusative feminine singular)
roseum (accusative neuter singular)
roseōs (accusative masculine singular)
roseās (accusative feminine plural)
rosea (accusative neuter plural)
roseō (ablative masculine singular)
roseā (ablative feminine singular)
roseō (ablative neuter singular)
roseīs (ablative feminine masculine neuter)
rosee (masculine singular vocative)
rosea (feminine singular vocative)
roseum (neuter singular vocative)
roseī (masculine singular vocative)
roseae (feminine plural vocative)
rosea (neuter plural vocative)

Aromanian: arosh, rosh

English: roseate

French: rose

Romanian: roz

Italian: roseo

Romanian: roșu (possibly)

Spanish: róseo

… roseōque haec īnsuper addidit ōre: ….

“… and furthermore, she added these words from [her] rose-red lip[s]: ….”


ferrugo

la-noun

ferrūgō f (genitive ferrūginis); third declension

ferrūgō (canonical feminine)
ferrūginis (genitive)
ferrūgō (nominative singular)
ferrūginēs (nominative plural)
ferrūginis (genitive singular)
ferrūginum (genitive plural)
ferrūginī (dative singular)
ferrūginibus (dative plural)
ferrūginem (accusative singular)
ferrūginēs (accusative plural)
ferrūgine (ablative singular)
ferrūginibus (ablative plural)
ferrūgō (singular vocative)
ferrūginēs (plural vocative)

Gallo-Italic:

Emilian: fruzna

Lombard: früzan

Ibero-Romance:

Asturian: ferruño

Galician: ferruxe, furruxe

Portuguese: ferrugem

⇒ Spanish: herrugento (“rusty”)

Italo-Romance:

⇒ Sicilian: firrunìa

Vulgar Latin:

*ferrīgine

Catalan: ferritja

Borrowings:

→ Middle French: ferruge ⇒ ferrugin, ferruginé

→ English: ferrugo ⇒ ferruginous

→ Italian: ferrugine

rust (or the colour), specifically iron-rust or its colour


abacino

la-verb

abacinō (present infinitive abacināre, perfect active abacināvī, supine abacinātum); first conjugation

abacinō (canonical)
abacināre (infinitive present)
abacināvī (active perfect)
abacinātum (supine)
abacinō (active first-person indicative present singular)
abacinās (active indicative present second-person singular)
abacinat (active indicative present singular third-person)
abacināmus (active first-person indicative plural present)
abacinātis (active indicative plural present second-person)
abacinant (active indicative plural present third-person)
abacinābam (active first-person imperfect indicative singular)
abacinābās (active imperfect indicative second-person singular)
abacinābat (active imperfect indicative singular third-person)
abacinābāmus (active first-person imperfect indicative plural)
abacinābātis (active imperfect indicative plural second-person)
abacinābant (active imperfect indicative plural third-person)
abacinābō (active first-person future indicative singular)
abacinābis (active future indicative second-person singular)
abacinābit (active future indicative singular third-person)
abacinābimus (active first-person future indicative plural)
abacinābitis (active future indicative plural second-person)
abacinābunt (active future indicative plural third-person)
abacināvī (active first-person indicative perfect singular)
abacināvistī (active indicative perfect second-person singular)
abacināvit (active indicative perfect singular third-person)
abacināvimus (active first-person indicative perfect plural)
abacināvistis (active indicative perfect plural second-person)
abacināvēre (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
abacināvērunt (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
abacināveram (active first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
abacināverās (active indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
abacināverat (active indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
abacināverāmus (active first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
abacināverātis (active indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
abacināverant (active indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
abacināverō (active first-person future indicative perfect singular)
abacināveris (active future indicative perfect second-person singular)
abacināverit (active future indicative perfect singular third-person)
abacināverimus (active first-person future indicative perfect plural)
abacināveritis (active future indicative perfect plural second-person)
abacināverint (active future indicative perfect plural third-person)
abacinor (first-person indicative passive present singular)
abacināre (indicative passive present second-person singular)
abacināris (indicative passive present second-person singular)
abacinātur (indicative passive present singular third-person)
abacināmur (first-person indicative passive plural present)
abacināminī (indicative passive plural present second-person)
abacinantur (indicative passive plural present third-person)
abacinābar (first-person imperfect indicative passive singular)
abacinābāre (imperfect indicative passive second-person singular)
abacinābāris (imperfect indicative passive second-person singular)
abacinābātur (imperfect indicative passive singular third-person)
abacinābāmur (first-person imperfect indicative passive plural)
abacinābāminī (imperfect indicative passive plural second-person)
abacinābantur (imperfect indicative passive plural third-person)
abacinābor (first-person future indicative passive singular)
abacinābere (future indicative passive second-person singular)
abacināberis (future indicative passive second-person singular)
abacinābitur (future indicative passive singular third-person)
abacinābimur (first-person future indicative passive plural)
abacinābiminī (future indicative passive plural second-person)
abacinābuntur (future indicative passive plural third-person)
abacinem (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
abacinēs (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
abacinet (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
abacinēmus (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
abacinētis (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
abacinent (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
abacinārem (active first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
abacinārēs (active imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
abacināret (active imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
abacinārēmus (active first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
abacinārētis (active imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
abacinārent (active imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
abacināverim (active first-person perfect singular subjunctive)
abacināverīs (active perfect second-person singular subjunctive)
abacināverit (active perfect singular subjunctive third-person)
abacināverīmus (active first-person perfect plural subjunctive)
abacināverītis (active perfect plural second-person subjunctive)
abacināverint (active perfect plural subjunctive third-person)
abacināvissem (active first-person pluperfect singular subjunctive)
abacināvissēs (active pluperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
abacināvisset (active pluperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
abacināvissēmus (active first-person pluperfect plural subjunctive)
abacināvissētis (active pluperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
abacināvissent (active pluperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
abaciner (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
abacinēre (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
abacinēris (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
abacinētur (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
abacinēmur (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
abacinēminī (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
abacinentur (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
abacinārer (first-person imperfect passive singular subjunctive)
abacinārēre (imperfect passive second-person singular subjunctive)
abacinārēris (imperfect passive second-person singular subjunctive)
abacinārētur (imperfect passive singular subjunctive third-person)
abacinārēmur (first-person imperfect passive plural subjunctive)
abacinārēminī (imperfect passive plural second-person subjunctive)
abacinārentur (imperfect passive plural subjunctive third-person)
abacinā (active imperative present second-person singular)
abacināte (active imperative plural present second-person)
abacinātō (active future imperative second-person singular)
abacinātō (active future imperative singular third-person)
abacinātōte (active future imperative plural second-person)
abacinantō (active future imperative plural third-person)
abacināre (imperative passive present second-person singular)
abacināminī (imperative passive plural present second-person)
abacinātor (future imperative passive second-person singular)
abacinātor (future imperative passive singular third-person)
abacinantor (future imperative passive plural third-person)
abacināre (active infinitive present)
abacinārī (infinitive passive present)
abacināns (active participle present)
abacinātūrum esse (active future infinitive)
abacinātum īrī (future infinitive passive)
abacinātūrus (active future participle)
abacinandus (future participle passive)
abacināvisse (active infinitive perfect)
abacinātum esse (infinitive passive perfect)
abacinātus (participle passive perfect)
abacinātum fore (future infinitive passive perfect)
abacinātūrum fuisse (active infinitive perfect potential)
abacinandī (genitive gerund noun-from-verb)
abacinandō (dative gerund noun-from-verb)
abacinandum (accusative gerund noun-from-verb)
abacinandō (ablative gerund noun-from-verb)
abacinātum (accusative noun-from-verb supine)
abacinātū (ablative noun-from-verb supine)

English: abacinate

Italian: abbacinare

Portuguese: abacinar

Possibly formed from ab- + bacīnum (“basin”) or bacīnus, from baccus (“container, vessel”).

Filios Tancredi abacinavit; filias vero liberas dimiſit.

1741, Ludovico Antonio Muratori, Antiquitates italicæ medii ævi, volume 4, page 985:

to make blind, blind, remove the power of sight, especially by using a red-hot iron rod or basin


opticus

la-adj

opticus (feminine optica, neuter opticum); first/second-declension adjective

optica (feminine)
opticum (neuter)
opticus (masculine nominative singular)
optica (feminine nominative singular)
opticum (neuter nominative singular)
opticī (masculine nominative singular)
opticae (feminine nominative plural)
optica (neuter nominative plural)
opticī (genitive masculine singular)
opticae (feminine genitive singular)
opticī (genitive neuter singular)
opticōrum (genitive masculine singular)
opticārum (feminine genitive plural)
opticōrum (genitive neuter plural)
opticō (dative masculine singular)
opticae (dative feminine singular)
opticō (dative neuter singular)
opticīs (dative feminine masculine neuter)
opticum (accusative masculine singular)
opticam (accusative feminine singular)
opticum (accusative neuter singular)
opticōs (accusative masculine singular)
opticās (accusative feminine plural)
optica (accusative neuter plural)
opticō (ablative masculine singular)
opticā (ablative feminine singular)
opticō (ablative neuter singular)
opticīs (ablative feminine masculine neuter)
optice (masculine singular vocative)
optica (feminine singular vocative)
opticum (neuter singular vocative)
opticī (masculine singular vocative)
opticae (feminine plural vocative)
optica (neuter plural vocative)

→ English: optic

→ French: optique

Friulian: otic

Italian: ottico

Piedmontese: òtich

→ Portuguese: óptico

→ Spanish: óptico

[ˈɔpt̪ɪkʊs̠]

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ὀπτῐκός (optĭkós, “of or for sight”), from ὀπτός (optós, “visible”) + -ῐκός (-ĭkós, “-ic”, adjectival suffix).

af

optic (of or relating to seeing, sight or vision)


venetus

la-adj

venetus (feminine veneta, neuter venetum); first/second-declension adjective

veneta (feminine)
venetum (neuter)
venetus (masculine nominative singular)
veneta (feminine nominative singular)
venetum (neuter nominative singular)
venetī (masculine nominative singular)
venetae (feminine nominative plural)
veneta (neuter nominative plural)
venetī (genitive masculine singular)
venetae (feminine genitive singular)
venetī (genitive neuter singular)
venetōrum (genitive masculine singular)
venetārum (feminine genitive plural)
venetōrum (genitive neuter plural)
venetō (dative masculine singular)
venetae (dative feminine singular)
venetō (dative neuter singular)
venetīs (dative feminine masculine neuter)
venetum (accusative masculine singular)
venetam (accusative feminine singular)
venetum (accusative neuter singular)
venetōs (accusative masculine singular)
venetās (accusative feminine plural)
veneta (accusative neuter plural)
venetō (ablative masculine singular)
venetā (ablative feminine singular)
venetō (ablative neuter singular)
venetīs (ablative feminine masculine neuter)
venete (masculine singular vocative)
veneta (feminine singular vocative)
venetum (neuter singular vocative)
venetī (masculine singular vocative)
venetae (feminine plural vocative)
veneta (neuter plural vocative)

Aromanian: vinit

Italian: veneto

→ Catalan: vènet

→ French: vénète

→ Romanian: venet

Piedmontese: vénet

→ Portuguese: vêneto

Romanian: vânăt

→ Romani: vuneto

→ Spanish: véneto

Venetan: vèneto

[ˈu̯ɛnɛt̪ʊs̠]

From Venetī + -us or directly from the unknown original endonym.


albidus

albidus (feminine albida, neuter albidum); first/second-declension adjective

albida (feminine)
albidum (neuter)
albidus (masculine nominative singular)
albida (feminine nominative singular)
albidum (neuter nominative singular)
albidī (masculine nominative singular)
albidae (feminine nominative plural)
albida (neuter nominative plural)
albidī (genitive masculine singular)
albidae (feminine genitive singular)
albidī (genitive neuter singular)
albidōrum (genitive masculine singular)
albidārum (feminine genitive plural)
albidōrum (genitive neuter plural)
albidō (dative masculine singular)
albidae (dative feminine singular)
albidō (dative neuter singular)
albidīs (dative feminine masculine neuter)
albidum (accusative masculine singular)
albidam (accusative feminine singular)
albidum (accusative neuter singular)
albidōs (accusative masculine singular)
albidās (accusative feminine plural)
albida (accusative neuter plural)
albidō (ablative masculine singular)
albidā (ablative feminine singular)
albidō (ablative neuter singular)
albidīs (ablative feminine masculine neuter)
albide (masculine singular vocative)
albida (feminine singular vocative)
albidum (neuter singular vocative)
albidī (masculine singular vocative)
albidae (feminine plural vocative)
albida (neuter plural vocative)

[ˈäɫ̪bɪd̪ʊs̠]


ravus

rāvus (feminine rāva, neuter rāvum); first/second-declension adjective

rāvus (canonical)
rāva (feminine)
rāvum (neuter)
rāvus (masculine nominative singular)
rāva (feminine nominative singular)
rāvum (neuter nominative singular)
rāvī (masculine nominative singular)
rāvae (feminine nominative plural)
rāva (neuter nominative plural)
rāvī (genitive masculine singular)
rāvae (feminine genitive singular)
rāvī (genitive neuter singular)
rāvōrum (genitive masculine singular)
rāvārum (feminine genitive plural)
rāvōrum (genitive neuter plural)
rāvō (dative masculine singular)
rāvae (dative feminine singular)
rāvō (dative neuter singular)
rāvīs (dative feminine masculine neuter)
rāvum (accusative masculine singular)
rāvam (accusative feminine singular)
rāvum (accusative neuter singular)
rāvōs (accusative masculine singular)
rāvās (accusative feminine plural)
rāva (accusative neuter plural)
rāvō (ablative masculine singular)
rāvā (ablative feminine singular)
rāvō (ablative neuter singular)
rāvīs (ablative feminine masculine neuter)
rāve (masculine singular vocative)
rāva (feminine singular vocative)
rāvum (neuter singular vocative)
rāvī (masculine singular vocative)
rāvae (feminine plural vocative)
rāva (neuter plural vocative)

Probably a Germanic loanword, perhaps via South Picene or Sabellic/Osco-Umbrian, of non-IE origin, compare Proto-Germanic *grēwaz.