lupus

la-noun

lupus m (genitive lupī, feminine lupa); second declension

lupī (genitive)
lupa (feminine)
lupus (nominative singular)
lupī (nominative plural)
lupī (genitive singular)
lupōrum (genitive plural)
lupō (dative singular)
lupīs (dative plural)
lupum (accusative singular)
lupōs (accusative plural)
lupō (ablative singular)
lupīs (ablative plural)
lupe (singular vocative)
lupī (plural vocative)

Aragonese: lupo

Aromanian: lup, lupu

Asturian: llobu

Catalan: llop

Corsican: lupu

Emilian: låuv

Franco-Provençal: lop

Friulian: lôf

Istro-Romanian: lup

Italian: lupo

Leonese: llobu

Ligurian: lô

Megleno-Romanian: lup

Mirandese: lhobo

Neapolitan: lupo

Occitan: lop

desctree

Old French: leu, lou, lu
Middle French: leu
⇒ French: à la queue leu leu
⇒ Middle French: loup
French: loup
Haitian Creole: lou
⇒ Mauritian Creole: lulu
⇒ Seychellois Creole: loulou
→ English: loo; Loup

Old Galician-Portuguese: lobo
Galician: lobo
Portuguese: lobo

Old Lombard:

Lombard: lov, loff, lóff

desc

Gallo-Italic of Sicily: lupö, lup’, lupu

Piedmontese: luv

Romanian: lup

Romansch: luf

Sardinian: lupu

Sicilian: lupu
→ Maltese: lupu

desctree

Spanish: lobo
→ English: loafer, lobo, lofer, loper, lover
→ Tagalog: lobo

Venetan: lovo, lóvo, łovo, łóvo
→ Italian: lovo

Walloon: leu

→ Esperanto: lupo

→ Interlingua: lupo

→ Volapük: lup

→ Catalan: lupus

→ English: Lupus, lupus

→ Finnish: lupus

→ French: lupus

→ Galician: lupus

→ Italian: lupus

→ Portuguese: lúpus, lupo

→ Romanian: lupus

→ Spanish: Lupus, lupus

→ Translingual: Lupus; ⇒ Anarhichas lupus, Canis lupus

From Proto-Italic *lukʷos, from Proto-Indo-European *wĺ̥kʷos (“wolf”), with a metathesis of *wĺ̥- to *lú-. The shift of *kʷ to /p/ can be explained as a borrowing from an Osco-Umbrian language, where the change is regular. Another example of a borrowing with that shift is popīna.
Cognates include Ancient Greek λύκος (lúkos), Sanskrit वृक (vṛka), Old English wulf, and Old Church Slavonic влькъ (vlĭkŭ). Doublet of lycos and Lycus; not cognate to Latin vulpēs (“fox”).

agnum lupō ēripere velle

to wish the impossible, literally: to wish to rescue a lamb from a wolf

(carpentry) a tool which is shaped like a wolf's tooth, particularly:

a kind of hook used for hoisting objects


libra

la-noun

lībra f (genitive lībrae); first declension

lībra (canonical feminine)
lībrae (genitive)
lībra (nominative singular)
lībrae (nominative plural)
lībrae (genitive singular)
lībrārum (genitive plural)
lībrae (dative singular)
lībrīs (dative plural)
lībram (accusative singular)
lībrās (accusative plural)
lībrā (ablative singular)
lībrīs (ablative plural)
lībra (singular vocative)
lībrae (plural vocative)

Catalan: lliura

desctree

Old French: livre m
Middle French: livre
French: livre
Norman: livre

Galician: libra

Italian: libra, libbra, lira

→ Catalan: lira

→ Czech: lira

→ Danish: lire

→ Faroese: liri

→ English: lira

→ Finnish: liira

→ German: Lira

→ Galician: lira

→ Maori: rira

→ Malay: lira

→ Maltese: lira

→ Norwegian: lira

→ Portuguese: lira

→ Serbo-Croatian: lira

→ Spanish: lira

→ Turkish: lira

Piedmontese: livra

Portuguese: libra

Romanian: livră

Spanish: libra

→ Tagalog: libra

Of uncertain origin. The word's original form was something like Proto-Italic *līðrā, *leiðrā (“pound”), surviving also in Ancient Greek λίτρα (lítra), whence English liter.
Weiss derives the term from Proto-Indo-European *leyH- (“to pour”) suffixed with the instrumental/resultative suffix *-dʰrom, under the assumption that the term originally meant "pouring (of metal)" before evolving to mean a unit of weight. In this case, then cognate with Proto-Slavic *lìti (“to pour”), Proto-Celtic *liyeti (“to flow”), Ancient Greek λείβω (leíbō, “to pour”), Lithuanian líeti (“to let flow”).

(historical) libra, Roman pound, a Roman unit of mass, equivalent to about 327 g

level, a tool used to check surfaces for horizontal and vertical alignment

(Medieval Latin, New Latin) pound, any of various units of mass derived from or roughly equivalent to the Roman libra

(Medieval Latin, New Latin) pound, any of various currencies derived from the use of pound as a weight in silver


architectura

la-noun

architectūra f (genitive architectūrae); first declension

architectūra (canonical feminine)
architectūrae (genitive)
architectūra (nominative singular)
architectūrae (nominative plural)
architectūrae (genitive singular)
architectūrārum (genitive plural)
architectūrae (dative singular)
architectūrīs (dative plural)
architectūram (accusative singular)
architectūrās (accusative plural)
architectūrā (ablative singular)
architectūrīs (ablative plural)
architectūra (singular vocative)
architectūrae (plural vocative)

Asturian: arquiteutura

Catalan: arquitectura

desctree

Dutch: architectuur
Afrikaans: argitektuur
→ Indonesian: arsitektur

English: architecture

Esperanto: arĥitekturo, arkitekturo

Ido: arkitekturo

French: architecture

Galician: arquitectura

German: Architektur

Italian: architettura

Mirandese: arquitetura

Occitan: arquitectura

Portuguese: arquitetura

Romanian: arhitectură

desc

архитекту́ра

Russian: архитекту́ра (arxitektúra)

Spanish: arquitectura

[ärkʰɪt̪ɛkˈt̪uːrä]

From architectus (“architect, designer”) + -tūra, the former of which is a remodeling of Ancient Greek ἀρχιτέκτων (arkhitéktōn) under influence of tegō. The "Latinization" of the second component facilitated the suffixion of -tūra, overriding the originally stem-immanent t.


materia

la-noun

māteria f (genitive māteriae); first declension

māteria (canonical feminine)
māteriae (genitive)
māteria (nominative singular)
māteriae (nominative plural)
māteriae (genitive singular)
māteriārum (genitive plural)
māteriae (dative singular)
māteriīs (dative plural)
māteriam (accusative singular)
māteriās (accusative plural)
māteriā (ablative singular)
māteriīs (ablative plural)
māteria (singular vocative)
māteriae (plural vocative)

Asturian: madera, materia

→ Franco-Provençal: matièri

→ Old French: matere

French: matière

desctree

→ Middle Dutch: materie
Dutch: materie
Negerhollands: materie, matering
→ Indonesian: materi

→ Middle English: matere

English: matter

Scots: matter

→ German: Materie

Hunsrik: Materje

→ Italian: materia

Old Francoprovençal: maieiri

Old Galician-Portuguese: madeira

Fala: madeira, maeira, meira

Galician: madeira

Portuguese: madeira

→ Portuguese: matéria (learned)

→ Romanian: materie

→ Russian: мате́рия (matérija), мате́рія (matérija) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)
→ Kazakh: материя (materiä)

Sicilian: matera, matèria

Old Spanish: madera

Spanish: madera

→ Spanish: materia

→ Swedish: materia

→ Turkish: öğe (calque)

[mäːˈt̪ɛriä]

[mäˈt̪ɛːriä]

Traditionally derived from māter (“mother, at least in the sense of 'source'”) + -ia, in which case cognate with Old Armenian մայր (mayr, “cedar”) and մայրի (mayri, “forest”). More recently, referred to Proto-Indo-European *dem- (“build”). Sense 1 is a semantic loan from Ancient Greek ὕλη (húlē, “wood, matter”), introduced by Cicero.

sl

Et vellem, herculēs, māteriam repperīrem aliquam quam deus tantus affluenter indueret.

c. 125 CE – 180 CE, Apuleius, Metamorphoses 2.31

And, by Hercules, I would like to find [clothing] material that such a great god could wear in flowing folds.

matter; material; component stuff; substance


lapis

la-noun

lapis m (genitive lapidis); third declension

lapidis (genitive)
lapis (nominative singular)
lapidēs (nominative plural)
lapidis (genitive singular)
lapidum (genitive plural)
lapidī (dative singular)
lapidibus (dative plural)
lapidem (accusative singular)
lapidēs (accusative plural)
lapide (ablative singular)
lapidibus (ablative plural)
lapis (singular vocative)
lapidēs (plural vocative)

From Proto-Italic *lapets. May be connected with Ancient Greek λέπας (lépas, “bare rock, crag”), either from Proto-Indo-European *lep- (“to peel”) (compare secō, saxum; rumpō, rupēs) or, more likely, a Mediterranean substrate language.

cog

et lapis iste quem erexi in titulum vocabitur Domus Dei

Late 4th century, Jerome [et al.], transl., edited by Roger Gryson, Biblia Sacra: Iuxta Vulgatam Versionem (Vulgate), 5th edition, Stuttgart: Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, published 2007, →ISBN, Genesis 28:22:

And this stone, which I have set for a pillar, shall be God's house


later

la-noun

later m (genitive lateris); third declension

lateris (genitive)
later (nominative singular)
laterēs (nominative plural)
lateris (genitive singular)
laterum (genitive plural)
laterī (dative singular)
lateribus (dative plural)
laterem (accusative singular)
laterēs (accusative plural)
latere (ablative singular)
lateribus (ablative plural)
later (singular vocative)
laterēs (plural vocative)

Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *pleth₂- (“flat”), or from *stelh₃- (“broad”) (in which case latus (“side, flank”) would be its neuter form).


plumbum

plumbum n (genitive plumbī); second declension

plumbī (genitive)
plumbum (nominative singular)
plumba (nominative plural)
plumbī (genitive singular)
plumbōrum (genitive plural)
plumbō (dative singular)
plumbīs (dative plural)
plumbum (accusative singular)
plumba (accusative plural)
plumbō (ablative singular)
plumbīs (ablative plural)
plumbum (singular vocative)
plumba (plural vocative)

Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: pliumbu, pljumbu

Romanian: plumb

Italo-Romance:

Corsican: piombu

Italian: piombo

Neapolitan: chiummo

Sicilian: chiummu

Padanian:

Emilian: piòmb

Friulian: plomp, plomb

Ligurian: cióngio

Lombard: piomb, piom

Piedmontese: piomb

Romagnol: piòmb

Romansch: plum, plùn m, plùm m, plom m

Venetan: piònbo

Northern Gallo-Romance:

Franco-Provençal: plomb

Middle French: plomb

French: plomb ⇒ plombe

→ German: Plombe

→ Middle English: plumbe, plumme

English: plumb

Southern Gallo-Romance:

Catalan: plom

→? Asturian: plomu, plombu

q

→? Spanish: plomo (can also be from Aragonese or an early semi-borrowing)

Occitan: plomb

Ibero-Romance:

Aragonese: plomo, plom

Ribagorçan: pllom

Galician: chumbo

Portuguese: chumbo → prumo (semi-learned)

Insular Romance:

Sardinian: peumu, piumbu, piumu, plumbu

Borrowings:

→ Albanian: plumb

→ English: plumbum

→ German: Plumbum

→ Limburgish: plómb

→ Malay: plumbum

→ Proto-Brythonic: *plum

Middle Welsh: plwm

Welsh: plwm

[ˈpɫ̪ʊmbʊ̃ˑ]

Traditionally connected to Ancient Greek μόλυβδος (mólubdos, “lead”); however, this is repudiated by Beekes, who instead connects the Latin term to Proto-Celtic *ɸloudom (“lead”). De Vaan accepts this cognate pairing, but notes that the Latin and Celtic terms would have to be borrowed from a substrate language due to phonetic mismatches if the Latin were inherited directly from Proto-Indo-European *plowdʰo- (“lead”). Said substrate may be Etruscan, Iberian, or some other pre-Indo-European Mediterranean language; compare Proto-Berber *būldūn.


lapis lazuli

la-noun

lapis lazulī m (genitive lapidis lazulī); third declension

lapis lazulī (canonical masculine)
lapidis lazulī (genitive)
lapis lazulī (nominative singular)
lapidēs lazulī (nominative plural)
lapidis lazulī (genitive singular)
lapidum lazulī (genitive plural)
lapidī lazulī (dative singular)
lapidibus lazulī (dative plural)
lapidem lazulī (accusative singular)
lapidēs lazulī (accusative plural)
lapide lazulī (ablative singular)
lapidibus lazulī (ablative plural)
lapis lazulī (singular vocative)
lapidēs lazulī (plural vocative)

[ˈɫ̪äpɪs̠ ˈɫ̪äz̪d̪͡z̪ʊlʲiː]

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *lep-
Proto-Italic *lapets
Latin lapis
Persian لاژورد
Classical Persian لَاجَوَرْد (lājaward)bor.
Arabic لََازُوَرْد (laāzuward)bor.
Latin lazulum
Latin lapis lazulī
Compound of lapis (“stone”) + lazulum (“heaven”).

etymon

lapis lazulī


plana

la-noun

plāna f (genitive plānae); first declension

plāna (canonical feminine)
plānae (genitive)
plāna (nominative singular)
plānae (nominative plural)
plānae (genitive singular)
plānārum (genitive plural)
plānae (dative singular)
plānīs (dative plural)
plānam (accusative singular)
plānās (accusative plural)
plānā (ablative singular)
plānīs (ablative plural)
plāna (singular vocative)
plānae (plural vocative)

plāna

Bresciano: piona

Catalan: plana

Comasco: piana, piona

Old French: plaine

→ Middle English: plaine, plaine

English: plane

→ Irish: plána

Friulian: plana

Istriot: spiana

Ladin: plana

Lombard: piana

Neapolitan: chiana

Sardinian: prana

Piedmontese: piana

Portuguese: plaina

Old Occitan: plana

Sicilian: chiana

Spanish: llana, plana

Trentino: piona

Venetan: piana

Veronese: piona

→ Greek: πλάνη (pláni)

*plānea

Northern Italian: piagna

→ Greek: πλάνια (plánia)

→ Ottoman Turkish: پلانیه (planya)

Turkish: planya

→ Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: бла̏ња

Latin script: blȁnja

Italian: pialla

Habet desuper solarium curticulam similiter tunimo interclusam, pomerium contiguum, diversi generis arborum pemorosum; infra vivarium cum piscibus I. hortum bene compositum I. vestimenta ad lectum parandum I. drappos ad discum parandum I. toaclam I. Utensilia, concas aereas II. pocularem I. baccinum I. caldaria aerea II. ferrum I. sartaginem I. cramalium I. andedam I. terebros II. scalprum I. asciam I. runcinam I. planam I. falces II. falciolas III. fussoria II. palas ferro paratas II. Utensilia lignea sufficienter.

c. 800, “Caroli Magni Breviarium rerum fiscalinum”, in Julius Ludwig Ideler, editor, Leben und Wandel Karls des Großen. Einleitung, Urschrift, Erläuterung, Urkundensammlung, in zwei Bänden, volume 2, published 1839, page 239 l. 6:

(Late Latin, Medieval Latin) smoothing plane


tegula

tēgula f (genitive tēgulae); first declension

tēgula (canonical feminine)
tēgulae (genitive)
tēgula (nominative singular)
tēgulae (nominative plural)
tēgulae (genitive singular)
tēgulārum (genitive plural)
tēgulae (dative singular)
tēgulīs (dative plural)
tēgulam (accusative singular)
tēgulās (accusative plural)
tēgulā (ablative singular)
tēgulīs (ablative plural)
tēgula (singular vocative)
tēgulae (plural vocative)

North-Italian:

Piedmontese: tiola, tìvola

Gallo-Romance:

Catalan: teula

Franco-Provençal: tiola

Old French: tiule (see there for further descendants)

Occitan: teule

Sicilian: tìgula, Tìguli, Tìvuli

Vulgar Latin: tegla

Dalmatian: tacla

Italo-Romance:

Italian: tegghia

desc

⇒ Italian: teglia (through de-vulgarization)

Sicilian: tegghia

North-Italian:

Friulian: tecje, tečhe (alternative orthography)

Piedmontese: teja

Venetan: técia

Gallo-Romance:

Champenois: teille

Ibero-Romance:

Asturian: teya

Old Galician-Portuguese: telha

Galician: tella

Portuguese: telha

Spanish: teja

⇒ Vulgar Latin: *tegella

Italian: tiella

Portuguese: tigela

Sicilian: tijeḍḍa

Borrowings:

→? Italian: tegola (semi-learned)

→ Albanian: tjegull

→ Andalusian Arabic: تاقرة (tāqra, “milking-pail”)

→ Old Galician-Portuguese: tagra (“a liquid measure”)

→ Old Spanish: tagara (“bowl”)

→ Old Leonese: tagara, tagarra (“bowl”)

→ Galician: tarro (“jar”)

→ Portuguese: tarro (“pot; milking-pail”)

→ Spanish: tarro (“jar; pot”)

→ Moroccan Arabic: طارو (ṭārru, “garbage-can”)

→ Moroccan Arabic: تاكرة (tāgra, “tajine”)

→ Proto-Germanic: *tigulǭ (see there for further descendants)

→ Hungarian: tégla

→ English: tegula

→ Greek: τούγλα (toúgla)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: طوغله (tuğla), توغله (tuğla)
Turkish: tuğla
→ Albanian: tullë
→ Armenian: թուղլա (tʻuġla)
→ Laz: თუღლა (tuğla)

→ Macedonian: тегла (tegla)

→ Portuguese: tégula

→ Serbo-Croatian: тегла (tegla)

→ Slovak: tehla

[ˈt̪eːɡʊɫ̪ä]

From Proto-Italic [Term?], from Proto-Indo-European *(s)teg- (“to cover”). By surface analysis, tegō (“to cover”) + -ula. For the meaning development compare German Kachel. Though the sense “frying-pan” has been said to be derived from Ancient Greek τάγηνον (tágēnon), τήγανον (tḗganon), this is formally difficult; the distinction between it and “rooftile” may thus be seen as unfounded.
The long vowel is difficult to explain, but according to some authors it is an artifact of early simplification of the cluster *gdʰ in (see -bulum for the suffix); compare rēgula. Contrast the later formation tegulum, with a short vowel.

surf

Glires: isicio porcino, item pulpis ex omni membro glirium trito, cum pipere, nucleis, lasere, liquamine farcies glires, et sutos in tegula positos mittes in furnum aut farsos in clibano coques.

Dormice: Fill the dormice with minced meat of pork and all parts of the dormice, ground pepper, pinenuts, laser, fish-sauce, and put them sewn together and laid upon a tile-pan into the oven, or cook them stuffed in the clibanus.

a tile, whether to lay the roof (rooftile) or to bake food upon it (baking tile, frying pan)


ferrumen

la-noun

ferrūmen n (genitive ferrūminis); third declension

ferrūmen (canonical neuter)
ferrūminis (genitive)
ferrūmen (nominative singular)
ferrūmina (nominative plural)
ferrūminis (genitive singular)
ferrūminum (genitive plural)
ferrūminī (dative singular)
ferrūminibus (dative plural)
ferrūmen (accusative singular)
ferrūmina (accusative plural)
ferrūmine (ablative singular)
ferrūminibus (ablative plural)
ferrūmen (singular vocative)
ferrūmina (plural vocative)

Spanish: herrumbre

From earlier ferūmen, from the root of ferveō plus -ūmen after bitūmen and alūmen. The gemination arose under the influence of ferrum.


alveus

alveus m (genitive alveī); second declension

alveī (genitive)
alveus (nominative singular)
alveī (nominative plural)
alveī (genitive singular)
alveōrum (genitive plural)
alveō (dative singular)
alveīs (dative plural)
alveum (accusative singular)
alveōs (accusative plural)
alveō (ablative singular)
alveīs (ablative plural)
alvee (singular vocative)
alveī (plural vocative)

Aromanian: alghinã

Old Catalan: olbi

Catalan: obi

→ English: alveus

French: auge

Istro-Romanian: albire

→ Italian: alveo

Gallo-Italic:

Lombard: albio

Piedmontese: arbi

Romagnol: ébi (Ravenna)

Occitan: auve

Megleno-Romanian: ălbină

→ Portuguese: álveo

Romanian: albie, albină

→ Spanish: álveo

Venetan: albi, albio, albina

[ˈäɫ̪u̯eʊs̠]

From alvus (“the belly, paunch, bowels”) + -eus.

af

(construction) riverbed, river channel; canal


structura

la-noun

strūctūra f (genitive strūctūrae); first declension

strūctūra (canonical feminine)
strūctūrae (genitive)
strūctūra (nominative singular)
strūctūrae (nominative plural)
strūctūrae (genitive singular)
strūctūrārum (genitive plural)
strūctūrae (dative singular)
strūctūrīs (dative plural)
strūctūram (accusative singular)
strūctūrās (accusative plural)
strūctūrā (ablative singular)
strūctūrīs (ablative plural)
strūctūra (singular vocative)
strūctūrae (plural vocative)

→ Afrikaans: struktuur

→ Bulgarian: структура (struktura)

→ Catalan: estructura

→ Czech: struktura

→ English: structure

→ Esperanto: strukturo

→ French: structure

→ Friulian: struture

→ German: Struktur

→ Hungarian: struktúra

→ Irish: struchtúr

→ Ido: strukturo

→ Italian: struttura

→ Macedonian: структура (struktura)

→ Dutch: structuur

→ Papiamentu: struktura

→ Piedmontese: strutura

→ Portuguese: estrutura

→ Romanian: structură

→ Russian: структура (struktura)

→ Spanish: estructura

→ Venetan: strutura

→ Welsh: strwythur

From struō (“to build”) + -tūra (“concrete action noun suffix”).

affix

(concrete, construction) masonry, brickwork; cement (the result of application of a certain construction technique)


tignum

la-noun

tignum n (genitive tignī); second declension

tignī (genitive)
tignum (nominative singular)
tigna (nominative plural)
tignī (genitive singular)
tignōrum (genitive plural)
tignō (dative singular)
tignīs (dative plural)
tignum (accusative singular)
tigna (accusative plural)
tignō (ablative singular)
tignīs (ablative plural)
tignum (singular vocative)
tigna (plural vocative)

From Proto-Italic *tegnom, from Proto-Indo-European *teg-nom, from *(s)teg- (“beam, stake”). Cognate with English stack and stake.


exaedifico

la-verb

exaedificō (present infinitive exaedificāre, perfect active exaedificāvī, supine exaedificātum); first conjugation

exaedificō (canonical)
exaedificāre (infinitive present)
exaedificāvī (active perfect)
exaedificātum (supine)
exaedificō (active first-person indicative present singular)
exaedificās (active indicative present second-person singular)
exaedificat (active indicative present singular third-person)
exaedificāmus (active first-person indicative plural present)
exaedificātis (active indicative plural present second-person)
exaedificant (active indicative plural present third-person)
exaedificābam (active first-person imperfect indicative singular)
exaedificābās (active imperfect indicative second-person singular)
exaedificābat (active imperfect indicative singular third-person)
exaedificābāmus (active first-person imperfect indicative plural)
exaedificābātis (active imperfect indicative plural second-person)
exaedificābant (active imperfect indicative plural third-person)
exaedificābō (active first-person future indicative singular)
exaedificābis (active future indicative second-person singular)
exaedificābit (active future indicative singular third-person)
exaedificābimus (active first-person future indicative plural)
exaedificābitis (active future indicative plural second-person)
exaedificābunt (active future indicative plural third-person)
exaedificāvī (active first-person indicative perfect singular)
exaedificāvistī (active indicative perfect second-person singular)
exaedificāvit (active indicative perfect singular third-person)
exaedificāvimus (active first-person indicative perfect plural)
exaedificāvistis (active indicative perfect plural second-person)
exaedificāvērunt (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
exaedificāvēre (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
exaedificāveram (active first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
exaedificāverās (active indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
exaedificāverat (active indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
exaedificāverāmus (active first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
exaedificāverātis (active indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
exaedificāverant (active indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
exaedificāverō (active first-person future indicative perfect singular)
exaedificāveris (active future indicative perfect second-person singular)
exaedificāverit (active future indicative perfect singular third-person)
exaedificāverimus (active first-person future indicative perfect plural)
exaedificāveritis (active future indicative perfect plural second-person)
exaedificāverint (active future indicative perfect plural third-person)
exaedificor (first-person indicative passive present singular)
exaedificāris (indicative passive present second-person singular)
exaedificāre (indicative passive present second-person singular)
exaedificātur (indicative passive present singular third-person)
exaedificāmur (first-person indicative passive plural present)
exaedificāminī (indicative passive plural present second-person)
exaedificantur (indicative passive plural present third-person)
exaedificābar (first-person imperfect indicative passive singular)
exaedificābāris (imperfect indicative passive second-person singular)
exaedificābāre (imperfect indicative passive second-person singular)
exaedificābātur (imperfect indicative passive singular third-person)
exaedificābāmur (first-person imperfect indicative passive plural)
exaedificābāminī (imperfect indicative passive plural second-person)
exaedificābantur (imperfect indicative passive plural third-person)
exaedificābor (first-person future indicative passive singular)
exaedificāberis (future indicative passive second-person singular)
exaedificābere (future indicative passive second-person singular)
exaedificābitur (future indicative passive singular third-person)
exaedificābimur (first-person future indicative passive plural)
exaedificābiminī (future indicative passive plural second-person)
exaedificābuntur (future indicative passive plural third-person)
exaedificem (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
exaedificēs (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
exaedificet (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
exaedificēmus (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
exaedificētis (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
exaedificent (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
exaedificārem (active first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
exaedificārēs (active imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
exaedificāret (active imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
exaedificārēmus (active first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
exaedificārētis (active imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
exaedificārent (active imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
exaedificāverim (active first-person perfect singular subjunctive)
exaedificāverīs (active perfect second-person singular subjunctive)
exaedificāverit (active perfect singular subjunctive third-person)
exaedificāverīmus (active first-person perfect plural subjunctive)
exaedificāverītis (active perfect plural second-person subjunctive)
exaedificāverint (active perfect plural subjunctive third-person)
exaedificāvissem (active first-person pluperfect singular subjunctive)
exaedificāvissēs (active pluperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
exaedificāvisset (active pluperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
exaedificāvissēmus (active first-person pluperfect plural subjunctive)
exaedificāvissētis (active pluperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
exaedificāvissent (active pluperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
exaedificer (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
exaedificēris (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
exaedificēre (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
exaedificētur (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
exaedificēmur (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
exaedificēminī (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
exaedificentur (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
exaedificārer (first-person imperfect passive singular subjunctive)
exaedificārēris (imperfect passive second-person singular subjunctive)
exaedificārēre (imperfect passive second-person singular subjunctive)
exaedificārētur (imperfect passive singular subjunctive third-person)
exaedificārēmur (first-person imperfect passive plural subjunctive)
exaedificārēminī (imperfect passive plural second-person subjunctive)
exaedificārentur (imperfect passive plural subjunctive third-person)
exaedificā (active imperative present second-person singular)
exaedificāte (active imperative plural present second-person)
exaedificātō (active future imperative second-person singular)
exaedificātō (active future imperative singular third-person)
exaedificātōte (active future imperative plural second-person)
exaedificantō (active future imperative plural third-person)
exaedificāre (imperative passive present second-person singular)
exaedificāminī (imperative passive plural present second-person)
exaedificātor (future imperative passive second-person singular)
exaedificātor (future imperative passive singular third-person)
exaedificantor (future imperative passive plural third-person)
exaedificāre (active infinitive present)
exaedificāvisse (active infinitive perfect)
exaedificātūrum esse (active future infinitive)
exaedificārī (infinitive passive present)
exaedificātum esse (infinitive passive perfect)
exaedificātum īrī (future infinitive passive)
exaedificāns (active participle present)
exaedificātūrus (active future participle)
exaedificātus (participle passive perfect)
exaedificandus (future participle passive)
exaedificandī (genitive gerund noun-from-verb)
exaedificandō (dative gerund noun-from-verb)
exaedificandum (accusative gerund noun-from-verb)
exaedificandō (ablative gerund noun-from-verb)
exaedificātum (accusative noun-from-verb supine)
exaedificātū (ablative noun-from-verb supine)

[ɛks̠äe̯ˈd̪ɪfɪkoː]


gangadia

la-noun

gangadia f (genitive gangadiae); first declension

gangadiae (genitive)
gangadia (nominative singular)
gangadiae (nominative plural)
gangadiae (genitive singular)
gangadiārum (genitive plural)
gangadiae (dative singular)
gangadiīs (dative plural)
gangadiam (accusative singular)
gangadiās (accusative plural)
gangadiā (ablative singular)
gangadiīs (ablative plural)
gangadia (singular vocative)
gangadiae (plural vocative)

Attested in Plinius (Historia Naturalis 33 72) re mining in the Iberian peninsula and thus hypothesized (vd. Bertoldi 1931, König & Winkler 2007) as an Iberian substrate


securicula

secūricula f (genitive secūriculae); first declension

secūricula (canonical feminine)
secūriculae (genitive)
secūricula (nominative singular)
secūriculae (nominative plural)
secūriculae (genitive singular)
secūriculārum (genitive plural)
secūriculae (dative singular)
secūriculīs (dative plural)
secūriculam (accusative singular)
secūriculās (accusative plural)
secūriculā (ablative singular)
secūriculīs (ablative plural)
secūricula (singular vocative)
secūriculae (plural vocative)

[s̠ɛkuːˈrɪkʊɫ̪ä]

a component of a certain kind of cramping looking like an axe, called in Ancient Greek πελεκῖνος (pelekînos)


subscus

subscūs f (genitive subscūdis); third declension

subscūs (canonical feminine)
subscūdis (genitive)
subscūs (nominative singular)
subscūdēs (nominative plural)
subscūdis (genitive singular)
subscūdum (genitive plural)
subscūdī (dative singular)
subscūdibus (dative plural)
subscūdem (accusative singular)
subscūdēs (accusative plural)
subscūde (ablative singular)
subscūdibus (ablative plural)
subscūs (singular vocative)
subscūdēs (plural vocative)

a type of cramping similar to a dovetail consisting of two secūriculīs


planca

planca f (genitive plancae); first declension

plancae (genitive)
planca (nominative singular)
plancae (nominative plural)
plancae (genitive singular)
plancārum (genitive plural)
plancae (dative singular)
plancīs (dative plural)
plancam (accusative singular)
plancās (accusative plural)
plancā (ablative singular)
plancīs (ablative plural)
planca (singular vocative)
plancae (plural vocative)

desctree

Old French: planche, planke, planque
Anglo-Norman: planke (see there for further descendants)
Bourguignon: plainche
Champenois: piainche
French: planche (see there for further descendants)
Norman: plianche, plaunque
Picard: planque

Portuguese: chanca

Sicilian: chianca

Boves nitidiores fient, si focum proxime habeant et lumen intendant. Octo pedes ad spatium standi singulis boum paribus abundant et in porrectione quindecim. Plancae roboreae subponantur stationibus equorum cum stramine, ut iacentibus molle sit, stantibus durum.

c. 500 CE, Palladius, Opus agriculturae I.XXI

The cattle is mannered better if they have the fire close and attain light. Eight feet of room for a pair of bovines if they stand and fifteen if they lie. Oak planks should be laid into the stables with straw, so the lying flanks have it soft and the standing hooves hard.


architectonia

la-noun

architectonia f (genitive architectoniae); first declension

architectoniae (genitive)
architectonia (nominative singular)
architectoniae (nominative plural)
architectoniae (genitive singular)
architectoniārum (genitive plural)
architectoniae (dative singular)
architectoniīs (dative plural)
architectoniam (accusative singular)
architectoniās (accusative plural)
architectoniā (ablative singular)
architectoniīs (ablative plural)
architectonia (singular vocative)
architectoniae (plural vocative)

French: architectonie

Italian: architettonica

Polish: architektonika

[ärkʰɪt̪ɛkˈt̪ɔniä]

From Ancient Greek ἀρχιτεκτονία (arkhitektonía), from ἀρχιτέκτων (arkhitéktōn, “architect, master craftsman”) + -ία (-ía), from ἀρχι- (arkhi-, “master”) + τέκτων (téktōn, “craftsman, builder”), equivalent to archi- + tecton[icus] + -ia.

bor

ἀρχιτεκτονία

af

architectonicē

attested in Classical Latin in Quintilian

(Late Latin) architecture, construction; architectonic design; master craftsmanship