tuba

la-noun

tuba f (genitive tubae); first declension

tubae (genitive)
tuba (nominative singular)
tubae (nominative plural)
tubae (genitive singular)
tubārum (genitive plural)
tubae (dative singular)
tubīs (dative plural)
tubam (accusative singular)
tubās (accusative plural)
tubā (ablative singular)
tubīs (ablative plural)
tuba (singular vocative)
tubae (plural vocative)

→ English: tuba

→ French: tuba

→ Galician: tuba

→ Italian: tuba

→ Russian: ту́ба (túba)

Possibly connected to tībia (“shinbone, reed-pipe”) with similarities in meaning and form.

(transferred sense)
loud sound
sonorous, elevated epic poetry

(transferred sense)
loud sound
lofty style of speaking


bee

onomatopoeic

imitative

nec multo secus nostri ab eadem voce, sed ab alia litera. vox earum non me, sed bee sonare videtur.

116 BCE – 27 BCE, Marcus Terentius Varro, Agricultural Topics 2.1.7, (The spelling "be" is also read in this passage)


lingua

la-noun

lingua f (genitive linguae); first declension

linguae (genitive)
lingua (nominative singular)
linguae (nominative plural)
linguae (genitive singular)
linguārum (genitive plural)
linguae (dative singular)
linguīs (dative plural)
linguam (accusative singular)
linguās (accusative plural)
linguā (ablative singular)
linguīs (ablative plural)
lingua (singular vocative)
linguae (plural vocative)

Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: limbã

Istro-Romanian: limbĕ

Megleno-Romanian: limbă

Romanian: limbă

Dalmatian:

langa, luanga

Italo-Romance:

Corsican: lingua

desctree

Italian: lingua
→ Greek: λίγκα (lígka)
→ Maltese: lingwa
→? Sabir: lingua

⇒ Italian: linguine (see there for further descendants)

Neapolitan: lengua, lenga

Sicilian: lingua

North Italian:

Gallo-Italic:

Emilian: längua

Ligurian: lengua

Lombard: lengua

Piedmontese: lenga

Romagnol: lèngva

Rhaeto-Romance:

Friulian: lenghe

Ladin: lënga

desc

Romansch: lieunga, lengua, glianga, laungia, leua

Istriot: lèngua, lengua, laèngua

Venetan: łéngua, łéngoa, léngoa, lengoa, léngua

Gallo-Romance:

Franco-Provençal: lengoua

desctree

Old French: langue, lingue, lengue
Middle French: langue
French: langue (see there for further descendants)
Champenois: laingue
Franc-Comtois: landye
Norman: laungue
Picard: lingue
Poitevin-Saintongeais: lengue
Walloon: linwe

Occitano-Romance:

Old Catalan: lengua

Catalan: llengua

Old Occitan: lengua, lenga
Occitan: lenga
Gascon: lengua
Limousin: linga
Provençal: lengo, lenguo

Ibero-Romance:

desc

Aragonese: luenga (with metathesis of /w/)

Old Leonese:

Asturian: llingua, llengua, lluengua (Eastern Asturias), ḷḷingua, ḷḷuinga (Ayer), chingua (Valdés), chengua (Valdés), yuönga (Cabrales)

Extremaduran: luenga

Leonese: llingua

Mirandese: lhéngua

desctree

Old Galician-Portuguese: lingua, lengua, lingoa, lengoa
Fala: lengua
Galician: lingua
Portuguese: língua (see there for further descendants)

Old Spanish: lengua

Ladino: לינגוה / lengua, lingua

Spanish: lengua
Chavacano: lengua
Papiamentu: lenga

Insular Romance:

desc

Sardinian: limba (Logudorese), lingua (Campidanese)

Borrowings:

→ English: lingua

→ Esperanto: lingvo

From older dingua (attested as a rare word in Gaius Marius Victorinus), from Proto-Italic *denɣwā, from Proto-Indo-European *dn̥ǵʰwéh₂s. The change of d- to l- is variously explained by a borrowing from another Italic language with such a shift and/or by a folk-etymological association with the verb lingō (“to lick”); compare Old Armenian լեզու (lezu) and Lithuanian liežùvis for the latter process. Other cognates include German Zunge and English tongue.

[…], Latinam linguam non modo non inopem, ut vulgo putarent, sed locupletiorem etiam esse quam Graecam.

45 BCE, Cicero, De finibus bonorum et malorum 1.10

[…], the Latin language, so far from having a poor vocabulary, as is commonly supposed, is actually richer than the Greek.

(metonymically) a tongue, utterance, language, speech

[…] illis non verborum modo, sed linguarum etiam inter se differentium copia est.

c. 35 CE – 100 CE, Quintilian, Institutio Oratoria 12.10.34

they [the Greeks] have not merely abundance of words, but they have also a number of different dialects.

(post-classical) a dialect, idiom or mode of speech

a tongue, utterance, language, speech
the tongue or language of a people
a dialect, idiom or mode of speech

volucrum linguas et praepetis omina pennae

the language of birds and the omens of their wings in flight

(poetic, of animals) a voice, note, song, bark, etc.

a tongue, utterance, language, speech
a voice, note, song, bark, etc.

protinus enim potest interpretationem linguae secretioris, quas Graeci γλώσσας vocant

c. 35 CE – 100 CE, Quintilian, Institutio Oratoria 1.1.35

He can readily learn the explanations or glosses, as the Greeks call them, of the more obscure words by the way

a tongue, utterance, language, speech
an utterance, expression

saepe illī dīxerat Almō ‘nāta, tenē linguam,’ nec tamen illa tenet.
Many a time had Almo said to her, ‘‘Daughter, hold your tongue,’’ and yet she did not hold it.
(The river deity Almo (god) and his daughter, whom Ovid identifies as the Naiad Lara, otherwise known in ancient mythology as Larunda or Dea Tacita. The name of the ever-talkative Lara – a repeated syllable, as in ‘‘la-la’’ – echoes the Greek λαλεῖν, to talk, chat, prattle, speak.)

to hold one's tongue (linguam comprimere, linguam tenēre)

[…], largus opum et lingua melior, sed frigida bello dextera, […]

[…]: lavish of his wealth, and a better speaker, but with a hand frozen in battle: […]


crocio

la-verb

crociō (present infinitive crocīre); fourth conjugation, no passive, no perfect or supine stem

crociō (canonical)
no passive (canonical)
crocīre (infinitive present)
crociō (active first-person indicative present singular)
crocīs (active indicative present second-person singular)
crocit (active indicative present singular third-person)
crocīmus (active first-person indicative plural present)
crocītis (active indicative plural present second-person)
crociunt (active indicative plural present third-person)
crociēbam (active first-person imperfect indicative singular)
crociēbās (active imperfect indicative second-person singular)
crociēbat (active imperfect indicative singular third-person)
crociēbāmus (active first-person imperfect indicative plural)
crociēbātis (active imperfect indicative plural second-person)
crociēbant (active imperfect indicative plural third-person)
crociam (active first-person future indicative singular)
crociēs (active future indicative second-person singular)
crociet (active future indicative singular third-person)
crociēmus (active first-person future indicative plural)
crociētis (active future indicative plural second-person)
crocient (active future indicative plural third-person)
crociam (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
crociās (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
crociat (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
crociāmus (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
crociātis (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
crociant (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
crocīrem (active first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
crocīrēs (active imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
crocīret (active imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
crocīrēmus (active first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
crocīrētis (active imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
crocīrent (active imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
crocī (active imperative present second-person singular)
crocīte (active imperative plural present second-person)
crocītō (active future imperative second-person singular)
crocītō (active future imperative singular third-person)
crocītōte (active future imperative plural second-person)
crociuntō (active future imperative plural third-person)
crocīre (active infinitive present)
crociēns (active participle present)
crociendī (genitive gerund noun-from-verb)
crociendō (dative gerund noun-from-verb)
crociendum (accusative gerund noun-from-verb)
crociendō (ablative gerund noun-from-verb)

From Proto-Italic *krok-, from imitative Proto-Indo-European *k(V)r-, related to several other Indo-European words such as Lithuanian kriokti and Ancient Greek κρώζω (krṓzō).

onomatopoeic

imitative


hirritus

la-noun

hirrītus m (genitive hirrītūs); fourth declension

hirrītus (canonical masculine)
hirrītūs (genitive)
hirrītus (nominative singular)
hirrītūs (nominative plural)
hirrītūs (genitive singular)
hirrītuum (genitive plural)
hirrītuī (dative singular)
hirrītibus (dative plural)
hirrītum (accusative singular)
hirrītūs (accusative plural)
hirrītū (ablative singular)
hirrītibus (ablative plural)
hirrītus (singular vocative)
hirrītūs (plural vocative)

From hirriō (“I snarl”) + -tus (suffix forming fourth declension action nouns from verbs).


hirrio

la-verb

hirriō (present infinitive hirrīre); fourth conjugation, no passive, no perfect or supine stem

hirriō (canonical)
no passive (canonical)
hirrīre (infinitive present)
hirriō (active first-person indicative present singular)
hirrīs (active indicative present second-person singular)
hirrit (active indicative present singular third-person)
hirrīmus (active first-person indicative plural present)
hirrītis (active indicative plural present second-person)
hirriunt (active indicative plural present third-person)
hirriēbam (active first-person imperfect indicative singular)
hirriēbās (active imperfect indicative second-person singular)
hirriēbat (active imperfect indicative singular third-person)
hirriēbāmus (active first-person imperfect indicative plural)
hirriēbātis (active imperfect indicative plural second-person)
hirriēbant (active imperfect indicative plural third-person)
hirriam (active first-person future indicative singular)
hirriēs (active future indicative second-person singular)
hirriet (active future indicative singular third-person)
hirriēmus (active first-person future indicative plural)
hirriētis (active future indicative plural second-person)
hirrient (active future indicative plural third-person)
hirriam (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
hirriās (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
hirriat (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
hirriāmus (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
hirriātis (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
hirriant (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
hirrīrem (active first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
hirrīrēs (active imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
hirrīret (active imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
hirrīrēmus (active first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
hirrīrētis (active imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
hirrīrent (active imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
hirrī (active imperative present second-person singular)
hirrīte (active imperative plural present second-person)
hirrītō (active future imperative second-person singular)
hirrītō (active future imperative singular third-person)
hirrītōte (active future imperative plural second-person)
hirriuntō (active future imperative plural third-person)
hirrīre (active infinitive present)
hirriēns (active participle present)
hirriendī (genitive gerund noun-from-verb)
hirriendō (dative gerund noun-from-verb)
hirriendum (accusative gerund noun-from-verb)
hirriendō (ablative gerund noun-from-verb)

onomatopoeic

Imitative


unco

la-verb

uncō (present infinitive uncāre); first conjugation, no passive, no perfect or supine stem

uncō (canonical)
no passive (canonical)
uncāre (infinitive present)
uncō (active first-person indicative present singular)
uncās (active indicative present second-person singular)
uncat (active indicative present singular third-person)
uncāmus (active first-person indicative plural present)
uncātis (active indicative plural present second-person)
uncant (active indicative plural present third-person)
uncābam (active first-person imperfect indicative singular)
uncābās (active imperfect indicative second-person singular)
uncābat (active imperfect indicative singular third-person)
uncābāmus (active first-person imperfect indicative plural)
uncābātis (active imperfect indicative plural second-person)
uncābant (active imperfect indicative plural third-person)
uncābō (active first-person future indicative singular)
uncābis (active future indicative second-person singular)
uncābit (active future indicative singular third-person)
uncābimus (active first-person future indicative plural)
uncābitis (active future indicative plural second-person)
uncābunt (active future indicative plural third-person)
uncem (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
uncēs (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
uncet (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
uncēmus (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
uncētis (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
uncent (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
uncārem (active first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
uncārēs (active imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
uncāret (active imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
uncārēmus (active first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
uncārētis (active imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
uncārent (active imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
uncā (active imperative present second-person singular)
uncāte (active imperative plural present second-person)
uncātō (active future imperative second-person singular)
uncātō (active future imperative singular third-person)
uncātōte (active future imperative plural second-person)
uncantō (active future imperative plural third-person)
uncāre (active infinitive present)
uncāns (active participle present)
uncandī (genitive gerund noun-from-verb)
uncandō (dative gerund noun-from-verb)
uncandum (accusative gerund noun-from-verb)
uncandō (ablative gerund noun-from-verb)


bombio

bombiō (present infinitive bombīre); fourth conjugation, no passive, no perfect or supine stem

bombiō (canonical)
no passive (canonical)
bombīre (infinitive present)
bombiō (active first-person indicative present singular)
bombīs (active indicative present second-person singular)
bombit (active indicative present singular third-person)
bombīmus (active first-person indicative plural present)
bombītis (active indicative plural present second-person)
bombiunt (active indicative plural present third-person)
bombiēbam (active first-person imperfect indicative singular)
bombiēbās (active imperfect indicative second-person singular)
bombiēbat (active imperfect indicative singular third-person)
bombiēbāmus (active first-person imperfect indicative plural)
bombiēbātis (active imperfect indicative plural second-person)
bombiēbant (active imperfect indicative plural third-person)
bombiam (active first-person future indicative singular)
bombiēs (active future indicative second-person singular)
bombiet (active future indicative singular third-person)
bombiēmus (active first-person future indicative plural)
bombiētis (active future indicative plural second-person)
bombient (active future indicative plural third-person)
bombiam (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
bombiās (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
bombiat (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
bombiāmus (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
bombiātis (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
bombiant (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
bombīrem (active first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
bombīrēs (active imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
bombīret (active imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
bombīrēmus (active first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
bombīrētis (active imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
bombīrent (active imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
bombī (active imperative present second-person singular)
bombīte (active imperative plural present second-person)
bombītō (active future imperative second-person singular)
bombītō (active future imperative singular third-person)
bombītōte (active future imperative plural second-person)
bombiuntō (active future imperative plural third-person)
bombīre (active infinitive present)
bombiēns (active participle present)
bombiendī (genitive gerund noun-from-verb)
bombiendō (dative gerund noun-from-verb)
bombiendum (accusative gerund noun-from-verb)
bombiendō (ablative gerund noun-from-verb)

Catalan: bomir, bonir


bebo

bēbō (present infinitive bēbāre); first conjugation, no passive, no perfect or supine stem

bēbō (canonical)
no passive (canonical)
bēbāre (infinitive present)
bēbō (active first-person indicative present singular)
bēbās (active indicative present second-person singular)
bēbat (active indicative present singular third-person)
bēbāmus (active first-person indicative plural present)
bēbātis (active indicative plural present second-person)
bēbant (active indicative plural present third-person)
bēbābam (active first-person imperfect indicative singular)
bēbābās (active imperfect indicative second-person singular)
bēbābat (active imperfect indicative singular third-person)
bēbābāmus (active first-person imperfect indicative plural)
bēbābātis (active imperfect indicative plural second-person)
bēbābant (active imperfect indicative plural third-person)
bēbābō (active first-person future indicative singular)
bēbābis (active future indicative second-person singular)
bēbābit (active future indicative singular third-person)
bēbābimus (active first-person future indicative plural)
bēbābitis (active future indicative plural second-person)
bēbābunt (active future indicative plural third-person)
bēbem (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
bēbēs (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
bēbet (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
bēbēmus (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
bēbētis (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
bēbent (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
bēbārem (active first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
bēbārēs (active imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
bēbāret (active imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
bēbārēmus (active first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
bēbārētis (active imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
bēbārent (active imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
bēbā (active imperative present second-person singular)
bēbāte (active imperative plural present second-person)
bēbātō (active future imperative second-person singular)
bēbātō (active future imperative singular third-person)
bēbātōte (active future imperative plural second-person)
bēbantō (active future imperative plural third-person)
bēbāre (active infinitive present)
bēbāns (active participle present)
bēbandī (genitive gerund noun-from-verb)
bēbandō (dative gerund noun-from-verb)
bēbandum (accusative gerund noun-from-verb)
bēbandō (ablative gerund noun-from-verb)

From an onomatopoeic Proto-Indo-European *bē-. Compare Ancient Greek βῆ (bê) and Latin balō (“I bleat”).


pulpo

pulpō (present infinitive pulpāre); first conjugation, no passive, no perfect or supine stem

pulpō (canonical)
no passive (canonical)
pulpāre (infinitive present)
pulpō (active first-person indicative present singular)
pulpās (active indicative present second-person singular)
pulpat (active indicative present singular third-person)
pulpāmus (active first-person indicative plural present)
pulpātis (active indicative plural present second-person)
pulpant (active indicative plural present third-person)
pulpābam (active first-person imperfect indicative singular)
pulpābās (active imperfect indicative second-person singular)
pulpābat (active imperfect indicative singular third-person)
pulpābāmus (active first-person imperfect indicative plural)
pulpābātis (active imperfect indicative plural second-person)
pulpābant (active imperfect indicative plural third-person)
pulpābō (active first-person future indicative singular)
pulpābis (active future indicative second-person singular)
pulpābit (active future indicative singular third-person)
pulpābimus (active first-person future indicative plural)
pulpābitis (active future indicative plural second-person)
pulpābunt (active future indicative plural third-person)
pulpem (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
pulpēs (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
pulpet (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
pulpēmus (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
pulpētis (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
pulpent (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
pulpārem (active first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
pulpārēs (active imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
pulpāret (active imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
pulpārēmus (active first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
pulpārētis (active imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
pulpārent (active imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
pulpā (active imperative present second-person singular)
pulpāte (active imperative plural present second-person)
pulpātō (active future imperative second-person singular)
pulpātō (active future imperative singular third-person)
pulpātōte (active future imperative plural second-person)
pulpantō (active future imperative plural third-person)
pulpāre (active infinitive present)
pulpāns (active participle present)
pulpandī (genitive gerund noun-from-verb)
pulpandō (dative gerund noun-from-verb)
pulpandum (accusative gerund noun-from-verb)
pulpandō (ablative gerund noun-from-verb)

Potentially related to Lithuanian pliõpti (“to gurgle, burble”), par̃pti (“to buzz”).


mitilo

la-verb

mitilō (present infinitive mitilāre); first conjugation, no passive, no perfect or supine stem

mitilō (canonical)
no passive (canonical)
mitilāre (infinitive present)
mitilō (active first-person indicative present singular)
mitilās (active indicative present second-person singular)
mitilat (active indicative present singular third-person)
mitilāmus (active first-person indicative plural present)
mitilātis (active indicative plural present second-person)
mitilant (active indicative plural present third-person)
mitilābam (active first-person imperfect indicative singular)
mitilābās (active imperfect indicative second-person singular)
mitilābat (active imperfect indicative singular third-person)
mitilābāmus (active first-person imperfect indicative plural)
mitilābātis (active imperfect indicative plural second-person)
mitilābant (active imperfect indicative plural third-person)
mitilābō (active first-person future indicative singular)
mitilābis (active future indicative second-person singular)
mitilābit (active future indicative singular third-person)
mitilābimus (active first-person future indicative plural)
mitilābitis (active future indicative plural second-person)
mitilābunt (active future indicative plural third-person)
mitilem (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
mitilēs (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
mitilet (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
mitilēmus (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
mitilētis (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
mitilent (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
mitilārem (active first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
mitilārēs (active imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
mitilāret (active imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
mitilārēmus (active first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
mitilārētis (active imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
mitilārent (active imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
mitilā (active imperative present second-person singular)
mitilāte (active imperative plural present second-person)
mitilātō (active future imperative second-person singular)
mitilātō (active future imperative singular third-person)
mitilātōte (active future imperative plural second-person)
mitilantō (active future imperative plural third-person)
mitilāre (active infinitive present)
mitilāns (active participle present)
mitilandī (genitive gerund noun-from-verb)
mitilandō (dative gerund noun-from-verb)
mitilandum (accusative gerund noun-from-verb)
mitilandō (ablative gerund noun-from-verb)

[ˈmɪt̪ɪɫ̪oː]


balo

bālō (present infinitive bālāre, perfect active bālāvī, supine bālātum); first conjugation, no passive

bālō (canonical)
no passive (canonical)
bālāre (infinitive present)
bālāvī (active perfect)
bālātum (supine)
bālō (active first-person indicative present singular)
bālās (active indicative present second-person singular)
bālat (active indicative present singular third-person)
bālāmus (active first-person indicative plural present)
bālātis (active indicative plural present second-person)
bālant (active indicative plural present third-person)
bālābam (active first-person imperfect indicative singular)
bālābās (active imperfect indicative second-person singular)
bālābat (active imperfect indicative singular third-person)
bālābāmus (active first-person imperfect indicative plural)
bālābātis (active imperfect indicative plural second-person)
bālābant (active imperfect indicative plural third-person)
bālābō (active first-person future indicative singular)
bālābis (active future indicative second-person singular)
bālābit (active future indicative singular third-person)
bālābimus (active first-person future indicative plural)
bālābitis (active future indicative plural second-person)
bālābunt (active future indicative plural third-person)
bālāvī (active first-person indicative perfect singular)
bālāvistī (active indicative perfect second-person singular)
bālāvit (active indicative perfect singular third-person)
bālāvimus (active first-person indicative perfect plural)
bālāvistis (active indicative perfect plural second-person)
bālāvērunt (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
bālāvēre (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
bālāveram (active first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
bālāverās (active indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
bālāverat (active indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
bālāverāmus (active first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
bālāverātis (active indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
bālāverant (active indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
bālāverō (active first-person future indicative perfect singular)
bālāveris (active future indicative perfect second-person singular)
bālāverit (active future indicative perfect singular third-person)
bālāverimus (active first-person future indicative perfect plural)
bālāveritis (active future indicative perfect plural second-person)
bālāverint (active future indicative perfect plural third-person)
bālem (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
bālēs (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
bālet (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
bālēmus (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
bālētis (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
bālent (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
bālārem (active first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
bālārēs (active imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
bālāret (active imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
bālārēmus (active first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
bālārētis (active imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
bālārent (active imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
bālāverim (active first-person perfect singular subjunctive)
bālāverīs (active perfect second-person singular subjunctive)
bālāverit (active perfect singular subjunctive third-person)
bālāverīmus (active first-person perfect plural subjunctive)
bālāverītis (active perfect plural second-person subjunctive)
bālāverint (active perfect plural subjunctive third-person)
bālāvissem (active first-person pluperfect singular subjunctive)
bālāvissēs (active pluperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
bālāvisset (active pluperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
bālāvissēmus (active first-person pluperfect plural subjunctive)
bālāvissētis (active pluperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
bālāvissent (active pluperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
bālā (active imperative present second-person singular)
bālāte (active imperative plural present second-person)
bālātō (active future imperative second-person singular)
bālātō (active future imperative singular third-person)
bālātōte (active future imperative plural second-person)
bālantō (active future imperative plural third-person)
bālāre (active infinitive present)
bālāvisse (active infinitive perfect)
bālātūrum esse (active future infinitive)
bālāns (active participle present)
bālātūrus (active future participle)
bālandī (genitive gerund noun-from-verb)
bālandō (dative gerund noun-from-verb)
bālandum (accusative gerund noun-from-verb)
bālandō (ablative gerund noun-from-verb)
bālātum (accusative noun-from-verb supine)
bālātū (ablative noun-from-verb supine)

Italian: belare

→ Portuguese: balar

Spanish: balar

From an onomatopoeic Proto-Indo-European *bē-. Compare Ancient Greek βῆ (bê) and Latin bebō (“I yell, scream”).

onomatopoeic

onomatopoeic


latro

la-verb

lātrō (present infinitive lātrāre, perfect active lātrāvī, supine lātrātum); first conjugation

lātrō (canonical)
lātrāre (infinitive present)
lātrāvī (active perfect)
lātrātum (supine)
lātrō (active first-person indicative present singular)
lātrās (active indicative present second-person singular)
lātrat (active indicative present singular third-person)
lātrāmus (active first-person indicative plural present)
lātrātis (active indicative plural present second-person)
lātrant (active indicative plural present third-person)
lātrābam (active first-person imperfect indicative singular)
lātrābās (active imperfect indicative second-person singular)
lātrābat (active imperfect indicative singular third-person)
lātrābāmus (active first-person imperfect indicative plural)
lātrābātis (active imperfect indicative plural second-person)
lātrābant (active imperfect indicative plural third-person)
lātrābō (active first-person future indicative singular)
lātrābis (active future indicative second-person singular)
lātrābit (active future indicative singular third-person)
lātrābimus (active first-person future indicative plural)
lātrābitis (active future indicative plural second-person)
lātrābunt (active future indicative plural third-person)
lātrāvī (active first-person indicative perfect singular)
lātrāvistī (active indicative perfect second-person singular)
lātrāvit (active indicative perfect singular third-person)
lātrāvimus (active first-person indicative perfect plural)
lātrāvistis (active indicative perfect plural second-person)
lātrāvērunt (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
lātrāvēre (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
lātrāveram (active first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
lātrāverās (active indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
lātrāverat (active indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
lātrāverāmus (active first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
lātrāverātis (active indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
lātrāverant (active indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
lātrāverō (active first-person future indicative perfect singular)
lātrāveris (active future indicative perfect second-person singular)
lātrāverit (active future indicative perfect singular third-person)
lātrāverimus (active first-person future indicative perfect plural)
lātrāveritis (active future indicative perfect plural second-person)
lātrāverint (active future indicative perfect plural third-person)
lātror (first-person indicative passive present singular)
lātrāris (indicative passive present second-person singular)
lātrāre (indicative passive present second-person singular)
lātrātur (indicative passive present singular third-person)
lātrāmur (first-person indicative passive plural present)
lātrāminī (indicative passive plural present second-person)
lātrantur (indicative passive plural present third-person)
lātrābar (first-person imperfect indicative passive singular)
lātrābāris (imperfect indicative passive second-person singular)
lātrābāre (imperfect indicative passive second-person singular)
lātrābātur (imperfect indicative passive singular third-person)
lātrābāmur (first-person imperfect indicative passive plural)
lātrābāminī (imperfect indicative passive plural second-person)
lātrābantur (imperfect indicative passive plural third-person)
lātrābor (first-person future indicative passive singular)
lātrāberis (future indicative passive second-person singular)
lātrābere (future indicative passive second-person singular)
lātrābitur (future indicative passive singular third-person)
lātrābimur (first-person future indicative passive plural)
lātrābiminī (future indicative passive plural second-person)
lātrābuntur (future indicative passive plural third-person)
lātrem (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
lātrēs (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
lātret (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
lātrēmus (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
lātrētis (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
lātrent (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
lātrārem (active first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
lātrārēs (active imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
lātrāret (active imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
lātrārēmus (active first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
lātrārētis (active imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
lātrārent (active imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
lātrāverim (active first-person perfect singular subjunctive)
lātrāverīs (active perfect second-person singular subjunctive)
lātrāverit (active perfect singular subjunctive third-person)
lātrāverīmus (active first-person perfect plural subjunctive)
lātrāverītis (active perfect plural second-person subjunctive)
lātrāverint (active perfect plural subjunctive third-person)
lātrāvissem (active first-person pluperfect singular subjunctive)
lātrāvissēs (active pluperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
lātrāvisset (active pluperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
lātrāvissēmus (active first-person pluperfect plural subjunctive)
lātrāvissētis (active pluperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
lātrāvissent (active pluperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
lātrer (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
lātrēris (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
lātrēre (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
lātrētur (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
lātrēmur (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
lātrēminī (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
lātrentur (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
lātrārer (first-person imperfect passive singular subjunctive)
lātrārēris (imperfect passive second-person singular subjunctive)
lātrārēre (imperfect passive second-person singular subjunctive)
lātrārētur (imperfect passive singular subjunctive third-person)
lātrārēmur (first-person imperfect passive plural subjunctive)
lātrārēminī (imperfect passive plural second-person subjunctive)
lātrārentur (imperfect passive plural subjunctive third-person)
lātrā (active imperative present second-person singular)
lātrāte (active imperative plural present second-person)
lātrātō (active future imperative second-person singular)
lātrātō (active future imperative singular third-person)
lātrātōte (active future imperative plural second-person)
lātrantō (active future imperative plural third-person)
lātrāre (imperative passive present second-person singular)
lātrāminī (imperative passive plural present second-person)
lātrātor (future imperative passive second-person singular)
lātrātor (future imperative passive singular third-person)
lātrantor (future imperative passive plural third-person)
lātrāre (active infinitive present)
lātrāvisse (active infinitive perfect)
lātrātūrum esse (active future infinitive)
lātrārī (infinitive passive present)
lātrātum esse (infinitive passive perfect)
lātrātum īrī (future infinitive passive)
lātrāns (active participle present)
lātrātūrus (active future participle)
lātrātus (participle passive perfect)
lātrandus (future participle passive)
lātrandī (genitive gerund noun-from-verb)
lātrandō (dative gerund noun-from-verb)
lātrandum (accusative gerund noun-from-verb)
lātrandō (ablative gerund noun-from-verb)
lātrātum (accusative noun-from-verb supine)
lātrātū (ablative noun-from-verb supine)

Aromanian: alatru, alãtrari

Asturian: lladrar

Catalan: lladrar

Galician: ladrar

Italian: latrare

Portuguese: ladrar

Romanian: lătra, lătrare

Spanish: ladrar

→ English: latrate

[ˈɫ̪äːt̪roː]

From Proto-Italic *lātrom, from Proto-Indo-European *leh₂- (“to bark, howl”) (an expressive root). Cognate with lāmentum, Ancient Greek λῆρος (lêros), λάλος (lálos), λάσκω (láskō).

onomatopoeic

expressive


ululo

la-verb

ululō (present infinitive ululāre, perfect active ululāvī, supine ululātum); first conjugation

ululō (canonical)
ululāre (infinitive present)
ululāvī (active perfect)
ululātum (supine)
ululō (active first-person indicative present singular)
ululās (active indicative present second-person singular)
ululat (active indicative present singular third-person)
ululāmus (active first-person indicative plural present)
ululātis (active indicative plural present second-person)
ululant (active indicative plural present third-person)
ululābam (active first-person imperfect indicative singular)
ululābās (active imperfect indicative second-person singular)
ululābat (active imperfect indicative singular third-person)
ululābāmus (active first-person imperfect indicative plural)
ululābātis (active imperfect indicative plural second-person)
ululābant (active imperfect indicative plural third-person)
ululābō (active first-person future indicative singular)
ululābis (active future indicative second-person singular)
ululābit (active future indicative singular third-person)
ululābimus (active first-person future indicative plural)
ululābitis (active future indicative plural second-person)
ululābunt (active future indicative plural third-person)
ululāvī (active first-person indicative perfect singular)
ululāvistī (active indicative perfect second-person singular)
ululāvit (active indicative perfect singular third-person)
ululāvimus (active first-person indicative perfect plural)
ululāvistis (active indicative perfect plural second-person)
ululāvērunt (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
ululāvēre (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
ululāveram (active first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
ululāverās (active indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
ululāverat (active indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
ululāverāmus (active first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
ululāverātis (active indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
ululāverant (active indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
ululāverō (active first-person future indicative perfect singular)
ululāveris (active future indicative perfect second-person singular)
ululāverit (active future indicative perfect singular third-person)
ululāverimus (active first-person future indicative perfect plural)
ululāveritis (active future indicative perfect plural second-person)
ululāverint (active future indicative perfect plural third-person)
ululor (first-person indicative passive present singular)
ululāris (indicative passive present second-person singular)
ululāre (indicative passive present second-person singular)
ululātur (indicative passive present singular third-person)
ululāmur (first-person indicative passive plural present)
ululāminī (indicative passive plural present second-person)
ululantur (indicative passive plural present third-person)
ululābar (first-person imperfect indicative passive singular)
ululābāris (imperfect indicative passive second-person singular)
ululābāre (imperfect indicative passive second-person singular)
ululābātur (imperfect indicative passive singular third-person)
ululābāmur (first-person imperfect indicative passive plural)
ululābāminī (imperfect indicative passive plural second-person)
ululābantur (imperfect indicative passive plural third-person)
ululābor (first-person future indicative passive singular)
ululāberis (future indicative passive second-person singular)
ululābere (future indicative passive second-person singular)
ululābitur (future indicative passive singular third-person)
ululābimur (first-person future indicative passive plural)
ululābiminī (future indicative passive plural second-person)
ululābuntur (future indicative passive plural third-person)
ululem (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
ululēs (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
ululet (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
ululēmus (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
ululētis (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
ululent (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
ululārem (active first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
ululārēs (active imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
ululāret (active imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
ululārēmus (active first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
ululārētis (active imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
ululārent (active imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
ululāverim (active first-person perfect singular subjunctive)
ululāverīs (active perfect second-person singular subjunctive)
ululāverit (active perfect singular subjunctive third-person)
ululāverīmus (active first-person perfect plural subjunctive)
ululāverītis (active perfect plural second-person subjunctive)
ululāverint (active perfect plural subjunctive third-person)
ululāvissem (active first-person pluperfect singular subjunctive)
ululāvissēs (active pluperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
ululāvisset (active pluperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
ululāvissēmus (active first-person pluperfect plural subjunctive)
ululāvissētis (active pluperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
ululāvissent (active pluperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
ululer (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
ululēris (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
ululēre (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
ululētur (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
ululēmur (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
ululēminī (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
ululentur (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
ululārer (first-person imperfect passive singular subjunctive)
ululārēris (imperfect passive second-person singular subjunctive)
ululārēre (imperfect passive second-person singular subjunctive)
ululārētur (imperfect passive singular subjunctive third-person)
ululārēmur (first-person imperfect passive plural subjunctive)
ululārēminī (imperfect passive plural second-person subjunctive)
ululārentur (imperfect passive plural subjunctive third-person)
ululā (active imperative present second-person singular)
ululāte (active imperative plural present second-person)
ululātō (active future imperative second-person singular)
ululātō (active future imperative singular third-person)
ululātōte (active future imperative plural second-person)
ululantō (active future imperative plural third-person)
ululāre (imperative passive present second-person singular)
ululāminī (imperative passive plural present second-person)
ululātor (future imperative passive second-person singular)
ululātor (future imperative passive singular third-person)
ululantor (future imperative passive plural third-person)
ululāre (active infinitive present)
ululāvisse (active infinitive perfect)
ululātūrum esse (active future infinitive)
ululārī (infinitive passive present)
ululātum esse (infinitive passive perfect)
ululātum īrī (future infinitive passive)
ululāns (active participle present)
ululātūrus (active future participle)
ululātus (participle passive perfect)
ululandus (future participle passive)
ululandī (genitive gerund noun-from-verb)
ululandō (dative gerund noun-from-verb)
ululandum (accusative gerund noun-from-verb)
ululandō (ablative gerund noun-from-verb)
ululātum (accusative noun-from-verb supine)
ululātū (ablative noun-from-verb supine)

Aromanian: urlu, aurlu, urlari

→ Catalan: udolar, ulular

→ English: ululate

→ French: hurler, ululer / hululer

Friulian: urlâ

Galician: ouvear, oulear

→ Italian: urlare, ululare

Norman: heurler (Jersey)

Old French: uler, usler

Piedmontese: urlé/ürlé

→ Portuguese: uivar, ulular

Romanian: urla, urlare

Romansch: urlar, üerler

→ Spanish: aullar, ulular

Serbo-Croatian: urlati

Venetan: urlar

From a reduplicated Proto-Indo-European imitative root; see also Irish uileliugh (“wail of lamentation”), Lithuanian uluti (“howl”), Sanskrit उलूलि (ulūli, “a howling, crying aloud”), Ancient Greek ὀλολύζω (ololúzō, “to cry aloud”), Old Armenian ողողանամ (ołołanam), ողողանիմ (ołołanim, “to wail, lament”), dialectal Armenian ուլուլալ (ululal, “to weep, cry, lament”), and Old English ūle (whence English owl).

onomatopoeic

imitative


pipo

la-verb

pīpō (present infinitive pīpāre); first conjugation, no passive, no perfect or supine stem

pīpō (canonical)
no passive (canonical)
pīpāre (infinitive present)
pīpō (active first-person indicative present singular)
pīpās (active indicative present second-person singular)
pīpat (active indicative present singular third-person)
pīpāmus (active first-person indicative plural present)
pīpātis (active indicative plural present second-person)
pīpant (active indicative plural present third-person)
pīpābam (active first-person imperfect indicative singular)
pīpābās (active imperfect indicative second-person singular)
pīpābat (active imperfect indicative singular third-person)
pīpābāmus (active first-person imperfect indicative plural)
pīpābātis (active imperfect indicative plural second-person)
pīpābant (active imperfect indicative plural third-person)
pīpābō (active first-person future indicative singular)
pīpābis (active future indicative second-person singular)
pīpābit (active future indicative singular third-person)
pīpābimus (active first-person future indicative plural)
pīpābitis (active future indicative plural second-person)
pīpābunt (active future indicative plural third-person)
pīpem (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
pīpēs (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
pīpet (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
pīpēmus (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
pīpētis (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
pīpent (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
pīpārem (active first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
pīpārēs (active imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
pīpāret (active imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
pīpārēmus (active first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
pīpārētis (active imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
pīpārent (active imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
pīpā (active imperative present second-person singular)
pīpāte (active imperative plural present second-person)
pīpātō (active future imperative second-person singular)
pīpātō (active future imperative singular third-person)
pīpātōte (active future imperative plural second-person)
pīpantō (active future imperative plural third-person)
pīpāre (active infinitive present)
pīpāns (active participle present)
pīpandī (genitive gerund noun-from-verb)
pīpandō (dative gerund noun-from-verb)
pīpandum (accusative gerund noun-from-verb)
pīpandō (ablative gerund noun-from-verb)

Old French: piper

French: piper

Italian: pippare

→ Proto-Germanic: *pīpaną (see there for further descendants)

onomatopoeic

Imitative

(intransitive, of chickens) to pip, peep

Italian: pipa→ Czech: pípa→ German: Pipe→ Greek: πίπα→ Hungarian: pipa→ Romanian: pipă→ Serbo-Croatian:Cyrillic script: пипаLatin script: pipa→ Slovak: pipa

pipe

→ Middle English: pīpe (“storage container; liquid measure”); Scots


passito

la-verb

passitō (present infinitive passitāre); first conjugation, no passive, no perfect or supine stem

passitō (canonical)
no passive (canonical)
passitāre (infinitive present)
passitō (active first-person indicative present singular)
passitās (active indicative present second-person singular)
passitat (active indicative present singular third-person)
passitāmus (active first-person indicative plural present)
passitātis (active indicative plural present second-person)
passitant (active indicative plural present third-person)
passitābam (active first-person imperfect indicative singular)
passitābās (active imperfect indicative second-person singular)
passitābat (active imperfect indicative singular third-person)
passitābāmus (active first-person imperfect indicative plural)
passitābātis (active imperfect indicative plural second-person)
passitābant (active imperfect indicative plural third-person)
passitābō (active first-person future indicative singular)
passitābis (active future indicative second-person singular)
passitābit (active future indicative singular third-person)
passitābimus (active first-person future indicative plural)
passitābitis (active future indicative plural second-person)
passitābunt (active future indicative plural third-person)
passitem (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
passitēs (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
passitet (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
passitēmus (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
passitētis (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
passitent (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
passitārem (active first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
passitārēs (active imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
passitāret (active imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
passitārēmus (active first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
passitārētis (active imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
passitārent (active imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
passitā (active imperative present second-person singular)
passitāte (active imperative plural present second-person)
passitātō (active future imperative second-person singular)
passitātō (active future imperative singular third-person)
passitātōte (active future imperative plural second-person)
passitantō (active future imperative plural third-person)
passitāre (active infinitive present)
passitāns (active participle present)
passitandī (genitive gerund noun-from-verb)
passitandō (dative gerund noun-from-verb)
passitandum (accusative gerund noun-from-verb)
passitandō (ablative gerund noun-from-verb)

[ˈpäs̠ːɪt̪oː]


rudo

rū̆dō (present infinitive rū̆dere, perfect active rū̆dīvī, supine rū̆dītum); third conjugation

rū̆dō (canonical)
rū̆dere (infinitive present)
rū̆dīvī (active perfect)
rū̆dītum (supine)
rū̆dō (active first-person indicative present singular)
rū̆dis (active indicative present second-person singular)
rū̆dit (active indicative present singular third-person)
rū̆dimus (active first-person indicative plural present)
rū̆ditis (active indicative plural present second-person)
rū̆dunt (active indicative plural present third-person)
rū̆dēbam (active first-person imperfect indicative singular)
rū̆dēbās (active imperfect indicative second-person singular)
rū̆dēbat (active imperfect indicative singular third-person)
rū̆dēbāmus (active first-person imperfect indicative plural)
rū̆dēbātis (active imperfect indicative plural second-person)
rū̆dēbant (active imperfect indicative plural third-person)
rū̆dam (active first-person future indicative singular)
rū̆dēs (active future indicative second-person singular)
rū̆det (active future indicative singular third-person)
rū̆dēmus (active first-person future indicative plural)
rū̆dētis (active future indicative plural second-person)
rū̆dent (active future indicative plural third-person)
rū̆dīvī (active first-person indicative perfect singular)
rū̆dīvistī (active indicative perfect second-person singular)
rū̆dīvit (active indicative perfect singular third-person)
rū̆dīvimus (active first-person indicative perfect plural)
rū̆dīvistis (active indicative perfect plural second-person)
rū̆dīvērunt (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
rū̆dīvēre (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
rū̆dīveram (active first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
rū̆dīverās (active indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
rū̆dīverat (active indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
rū̆dīverāmus (active first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
rū̆dīverātis (active indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
rū̆dīverant (active indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
rū̆dīverō (active first-person future indicative perfect singular)
rū̆dīveris (active future indicative perfect second-person singular)
rū̆dīverit (active future indicative perfect singular third-person)
rū̆dīverimus (active first-person future indicative perfect plural)
rū̆dīveritis (active future indicative perfect plural second-person)
rū̆dīverint (active future indicative perfect plural third-person)
rū̆dor (first-person indicative passive present singular)
rū̆deris (indicative passive present second-person singular)
rū̆dere (indicative passive present second-person singular)
rū̆ditur (indicative passive present singular third-person)
rū̆dimur (first-person indicative passive plural present)
rū̆diminī (indicative passive plural present second-person)
rū̆duntur (indicative passive plural present third-person)
rū̆dēbar (first-person imperfect indicative passive singular)
rū̆dēbāris (imperfect indicative passive second-person singular)
rū̆dēbāre (imperfect indicative passive second-person singular)
rū̆dēbātur (imperfect indicative passive singular third-person)
rū̆dēbāmur (first-person imperfect indicative passive plural)
rū̆dēbāminī (imperfect indicative passive plural second-person)
rū̆dēbantur (imperfect indicative passive plural third-person)
rū̆dar (first-person future indicative passive singular)
rū̆dēris (future indicative passive second-person singular)
rū̆dēre (future indicative passive second-person singular)
rū̆dētur (future indicative passive singular third-person)
rū̆dēmur (first-person future indicative passive plural)
rū̆dēminī (future indicative passive plural second-person)
rū̆dentur (future indicative passive plural third-person)
rū̆dam (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
rū̆dās (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
rū̆dat (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
rū̆dāmus (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
rū̆dātis (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
rū̆dant (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
rū̆derem (active first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
rū̆derēs (active imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
rū̆deret (active imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
rū̆derēmus (active first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
rū̆derētis (active imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
rū̆derent (active imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
rū̆dīverim (active first-person perfect singular subjunctive)
rū̆dīverīs (active perfect second-person singular subjunctive)
rū̆dīverit (active perfect singular subjunctive third-person)
rū̆dīverīmus (active first-person perfect plural subjunctive)
rū̆dīverītis (active perfect plural second-person subjunctive)
rū̆dīverint (active perfect plural subjunctive third-person)
rū̆dīvissem (active first-person pluperfect singular subjunctive)
rū̆dīvissēs (active pluperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
rū̆dīvisset (active pluperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
rū̆dīvissēmus (active first-person pluperfect plural subjunctive)
rū̆dīvissētis (active pluperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
rū̆dīvissent (active pluperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
rū̆dar (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
rū̆dāris (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
rū̆dāre (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
rū̆dātur (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
rū̆dāmur (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
rū̆dāminī (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
rū̆dantur (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
rū̆derer (first-person imperfect passive singular subjunctive)
rū̆derēris (imperfect passive second-person singular subjunctive)
rū̆derēre (imperfect passive second-person singular subjunctive)
rū̆derētur (imperfect passive singular subjunctive third-person)
rū̆derēmur (first-person imperfect passive plural subjunctive)
rū̆derēminī (imperfect passive plural second-person subjunctive)
rū̆derentur (imperfect passive plural subjunctive third-person)
rū̆de (active imperative present second-person singular)
rū̆dite (active imperative plural present second-person)
rū̆ditō (active future imperative second-person singular)
rū̆ditō (active future imperative singular third-person)
rū̆ditōte (active future imperative plural second-person)
rū̆duntō (active future imperative plural third-person)
rū̆dere (imperative passive present second-person singular)
rū̆diminī (imperative passive plural present second-person)
rū̆ditor (future imperative passive second-person singular)
rū̆ditor (future imperative passive singular third-person)
rū̆duntor (future imperative passive plural third-person)
rū̆dere (active infinitive present)
rū̆dīvisse (active infinitive perfect)
rū̆dītūrum esse (active future infinitive)
rū̆dī (infinitive passive present)
rū̆dītum esse (infinitive passive perfect)
rū̆dītum īrī (future infinitive passive)
rū̆dēns (active participle present)
rū̆dītūrus (active future participle)
rū̆dītus (participle passive perfect)
rū̆dendus (future participle passive)
rū̆dundus (future participle passive)
rū̆dendī (genitive gerund noun-from-verb)
rū̆dendō (dative gerund noun-from-verb)
rū̆dendum (accusative gerund noun-from-verb)
rū̆dendō (ablative gerund noun-from-verb)
rū̆dītum (accusative noun-from-verb supine)
rū̆dītū (ablative noun-from-verb supine)

From Proto-Indo-European *HrewdH- (“to weep”). Akin to Ancient Greek ὠρύω (ōrúō) and Latin rāvis, raucus, rāvus.

der

ecce rudēns raucō Sīlēnī vector asellus

Lo and behold! Braying with a hoarse throat, the little donkey that had carried Silenus
opened its mouth to make an untimely noise.

findor, ut arcadiae pecuāria rūdere crēdās.

I'm so being torn apart, you might think it's an arcadian herd bellowing.


rhonchus

la-noun

rhonchus m (genitive rhonchī); second declension

rhonchī (genitive)
rhonchus (nominative singular)
rhonchī (nominative plural)
rhonchī (genitive singular)
rhonchōrum (genitive plural)
rhonchō (dative singular)
rhonchīs (dative plural)
rhonchum (accusative singular)
rhonchōs (accusative plural)
rhonchō (ablative singular)
rhonchīs (ablative plural)
rhonche (singular vocative)
rhonchī (plural vocative)

→ Dutch: rhonchus

→ English: rhonchus

Coined by Roman physician and writer on medical topics Caelius Aurelianus: borrowed from Ancient Greek ῥόγχος (rhónkhos, “snoring, stertorous breathing”).

bor

(transferred sense) The croaking of a frog.


sibilo

la-verb

sībilō (present infinitive sībilāre, perfect active sībilāvī, supine sībilātum); first conjugation

sībilō (canonical)
sībilāre (infinitive present)
sībilāvī (active perfect)
sībilātum (supine)
sībilō (active first-person indicative present singular)
sībilās (active indicative present second-person singular)
sībilat (active indicative present singular third-person)
sībilāmus (active first-person indicative plural present)
sībilātis (active indicative plural present second-person)
sībilant (active indicative plural present third-person)
sībilābam (active first-person imperfect indicative singular)
sībilābās (active imperfect indicative second-person singular)
sībilābat (active imperfect indicative singular third-person)
sībilābāmus (active first-person imperfect indicative plural)
sībilābātis (active imperfect indicative plural second-person)
sībilābant (active imperfect indicative plural third-person)
sībilābō (active first-person future indicative singular)
sībilābis (active future indicative second-person singular)
sībilābit (active future indicative singular third-person)
sībilābimus (active first-person future indicative plural)
sībilābitis (active future indicative plural second-person)
sībilābunt (active future indicative plural third-person)
sībilāvī (active first-person indicative perfect singular)
sībilāvistī (active indicative perfect second-person singular)
sībilāvit (active indicative perfect singular third-person)
sībilāvimus (active first-person indicative perfect plural)
sībilāvistis (active indicative perfect plural second-person)
sībilāvērunt (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
sībilāvēre (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
sībilāveram (active first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
sībilāverās (active indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
sībilāverat (active indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
sībilāverāmus (active first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
sībilāverātis (active indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
sībilāverant (active indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
sībilāverō (active first-person future indicative perfect singular)
sībilāveris (active future indicative perfect second-person singular)
sībilāverit (active future indicative perfect singular third-person)
sībilāverimus (active first-person future indicative perfect plural)
sībilāveritis (active future indicative perfect plural second-person)
sībilāverint (active future indicative perfect plural third-person)
sībilor (first-person indicative passive present singular)
sībilāris (indicative passive present second-person singular)
sībilāre (indicative passive present second-person singular)
sībilātur (indicative passive present singular third-person)
sībilāmur (first-person indicative passive plural present)
sībilāminī (indicative passive plural present second-person)
sībilantur (indicative passive plural present third-person)
sībilābar (first-person imperfect indicative passive singular)
sībilābāris (imperfect indicative passive second-person singular)
sībilābāre (imperfect indicative passive second-person singular)
sībilābātur (imperfect indicative passive singular third-person)
sībilābāmur (first-person imperfect indicative passive plural)
sībilābāminī (imperfect indicative passive plural second-person)
sībilābantur (imperfect indicative passive plural third-person)
sībilābor (first-person future indicative passive singular)
sībilāberis (future indicative passive second-person singular)
sībilābere (future indicative passive second-person singular)
sībilābitur (future indicative passive singular third-person)
sībilābimur (first-person future indicative passive plural)
sībilābiminī (future indicative passive plural second-person)
sībilābuntur (future indicative passive plural third-person)
sībilem (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
sībilēs (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
sībilet (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
sībilēmus (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
sībilētis (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
sībilent (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
sībilārem (active first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
sībilārēs (active imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
sībilāret (active imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
sībilārēmus (active first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
sībilārētis (active imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
sībilārent (active imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
sībilāverim (active first-person perfect singular subjunctive)
sībilāverīs (active perfect second-person singular subjunctive)
sībilāverit (active perfect singular subjunctive third-person)
sībilāverīmus (active first-person perfect plural subjunctive)
sībilāverītis (active perfect plural second-person subjunctive)
sībilāverint (active perfect plural subjunctive third-person)
sībilāvissem (active first-person pluperfect singular subjunctive)
sībilāvissēs (active pluperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
sībilāvisset (active pluperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
sībilāvissēmus (active first-person pluperfect plural subjunctive)
sībilāvissētis (active pluperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
sībilāvissent (active pluperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
sībiler (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
sībilēris (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
sībilēre (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
sībilētur (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
sībilēmur (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
sībilēminī (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
sībilentur (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
sībilārer (first-person imperfect passive singular subjunctive)
sībilārēris (imperfect passive second-person singular subjunctive)
sībilārēre (imperfect passive second-person singular subjunctive)
sībilārētur (imperfect passive singular subjunctive third-person)
sībilārēmur (first-person imperfect passive plural subjunctive)
sībilārēminī (imperfect passive plural second-person subjunctive)
sībilārentur (imperfect passive plural subjunctive third-person)
sībilā (active imperative present second-person singular)
sībilāte (active imperative plural present second-person)
sībilātō (active future imperative second-person singular)
sībilātō (active future imperative singular third-person)
sībilātōte (active future imperative plural second-person)
sībilantō (active future imperative plural third-person)
sībilāre (imperative passive present second-person singular)
sībilāminī (imperative passive plural present second-person)
sībilātor (future imperative passive second-person singular)
sībilātor (future imperative passive singular third-person)
sībilantor (future imperative passive plural third-person)
sībilāre (active infinitive present)
sībilāvisse (active infinitive perfect)
sībilātūrum esse (active future infinitive)
sībilārī (infinitive passive present)
sībilātum esse (infinitive passive perfect)
sībilātum īrī (future infinitive passive)
sībilāns (active participle present)
sībilātūrus (active future participle)
sībilātus (participle passive perfect)
sībilandus (future participle passive)
sībilandī (genitive gerund noun-from-verb)
sībilandō (dative gerund noun-from-verb)
sībilandum (accusative gerund noun-from-verb)
sībilandō (ablative gerund noun-from-verb)
sībilātum (accusative noun-from-verb supine)
sībilātū (ablative noun-from-verb supine)

Padanian:

Ladin: sciubier, scigoler

desc

Lombard: siblar, sivlar, siular, sciular, sigolar, siglar

Piedmontese: sciuré, scilé

Romansch: tschivlar, schular, tgular, schivlar

Southern Gallo-Romance:

Occitan:

Aragonese: siular (Ribagorçan)

Gascon: shiular, siular, sieular, siblar

Languedocien: siblar, siular

Limousin: siblar, siular

ex- + sibilo: eissiblar

Provençal: siblar

Vivaro-Alpine: siblar

Old Catalan: siular

Catalan: xiular, siular

Ibero-Romance:

Galician: xibrar

Portuguese: silvar, chufar

Spanish: silbar

Merger with *fistulō (or *stifulō through metathesis)

Padanian:

Emilian: stifler

Southern Gallo-Romance:

Occitan:

Auvergnat: fiular, piolar, Auvergnat: estiflar, estuflar

Gascon: hiular, estieular

Languedocien: fiular, estiflar, estuflar

Limousin: estiflar, estuflar

Vivaro-Alpine: fiular, estiflar

⇒ Vulgar Latin: *sīfilō (see there for further descendants)

⇒ Vulgar Latin: *sūbilō (see there for further descendants)

⇒ Vulgar Latin: *sūfilō (see there for further descendants)

Borrowings

→ English: sibilate, siffle (via French)

→ Italian: sibilare

→ Portuguese: sibilar

[ˈs̠iːbɪɫ̪oː]


cocococo

Et tu cum esses capo, cocococo, atque cor non habebas.

c. 27 CE – 66 CE, Petronius, Satyricon 59

And when you were a cockerel, you said cock-a-doodle-doo and didn't have a heart.


blatero

la-verb

blaterō (present infinitive blaterāre, perfect active blaterāvī, supine blaterātum); first conjugation, no passive

blaterō (canonical)
no passive (canonical)
blaterāre (infinitive present)
blaterāvī (active perfect)
blaterātum (supine)
blaterō (active first-person indicative present singular)
blaterās (active indicative present second-person singular)
blaterat (active indicative present singular third-person)
blaterāmus (active first-person indicative plural present)
blaterātis (active indicative plural present second-person)
blaterant (active indicative plural present third-person)
blaterābam (active first-person imperfect indicative singular)
blaterābās (active imperfect indicative second-person singular)
blaterābat (active imperfect indicative singular third-person)
blaterābāmus (active first-person imperfect indicative plural)
blaterābātis (active imperfect indicative plural second-person)
blaterābant (active imperfect indicative plural third-person)
blaterābō (active first-person future indicative singular)
blaterābis (active future indicative second-person singular)
blaterābit (active future indicative singular third-person)
blaterābimus (active first-person future indicative plural)
blaterābitis (active future indicative plural second-person)
blaterābunt (active future indicative plural third-person)
blaterāvī (active first-person indicative perfect singular)
blaterāvistī (active indicative perfect second-person singular)
blaterāvit (active indicative perfect singular third-person)
blaterāvimus (active first-person indicative perfect plural)
blaterāvistis (active indicative perfect plural second-person)
blaterāvērunt (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
blaterāvēre (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
blaterāveram (active first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
blaterāverās (active indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
blaterāverat (active indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
blaterāverāmus (active first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
blaterāverātis (active indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
blaterāverant (active indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
blaterāverō (active first-person future indicative perfect singular)
blaterāveris (active future indicative perfect second-person singular)
blaterāverit (active future indicative perfect singular third-person)
blaterāverimus (active first-person future indicative perfect plural)
blaterāveritis (active future indicative perfect plural second-person)
blaterāverint (active future indicative perfect plural third-person)
blaterem (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
blaterēs (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
blateret (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
blaterēmus (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
blaterētis (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
blaterent (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
blaterārem (active first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
blaterārēs (active imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
blaterāret (active imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
blaterārēmus (active first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
blaterārētis (active imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
blaterārent (active imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
blaterāverim (active first-person perfect singular subjunctive)
blaterāverīs (active perfect second-person singular subjunctive)
blaterāverit (active perfect singular subjunctive third-person)
blaterāverīmus (active first-person perfect plural subjunctive)
blaterāverītis (active perfect plural second-person subjunctive)
blaterāverint (active perfect plural subjunctive third-person)
blaterāvissem (active first-person pluperfect singular subjunctive)
blaterāvissēs (active pluperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
blaterāvisset (active pluperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
blaterāvissēmus (active first-person pluperfect plural subjunctive)
blaterāvissētis (active pluperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
blaterāvissent (active pluperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
blaterā (active imperative present second-person singular)
blaterāte (active imperative plural present second-person)
blaterātō (active future imperative second-person singular)
blaterātō (active future imperative singular third-person)
blaterātōte (active future imperative plural second-person)
blaterantō (active future imperative plural third-person)
blaterāre (active infinitive present)
blaterāvisse (active infinitive perfect)
blaterātūrum esse (active future infinitive)
blaterāns (active participle present)
blaterātūrus (active future participle)
blaterandī (genitive gerund noun-from-verb)
blaterandō (dative gerund noun-from-verb)
blaterandum (accusative gerund noun-from-verb)
blaterandō (ablative gerund noun-from-verb)
blaterātum (accusative noun-from-verb supine)
blaterātū (ablative noun-from-verb supine)

→ French: blatérer

→ Italian: blaterare

Old Galician-Portuguese: braadar

Portuguese: bradar

→ Portuguese: blaterar

[ˈbɫ̪ät̪ɛroː]

The first element seems to derive from Proto-Indo-European *balb- (like Latin balbus, with a change from *bal- to *bla-).

to babble, gibber, speak foolishly or in an animalistic manner


mugio

mūgiō (present infinitive mūgīre, perfect active mūgīvī or mūgiī, supine mūgītum); fourth conjugation, no passive

mūgiō (canonical)
no passive (canonical)
mūgīre (infinitive present)
mūgīvī (active perfect)
mūgiī (active perfect)
mūgītum (supine)
mūgiō (active first-person indicative present singular)
mūgīs (active indicative present second-person singular)
mūgit (active indicative present singular third-person)
mūgīmus (active first-person indicative plural present)
mūgītis (active indicative plural present second-person)
mūgiunt (active indicative plural present third-person)
mūgiēbam (active first-person imperfect indicative singular)
mūgiēbās (active imperfect indicative second-person singular)
mūgiēbat (active imperfect indicative singular third-person)
mūgiēbāmus (active first-person imperfect indicative plural)
mūgiēbātis (active imperfect indicative plural second-person)
mūgiēbant (active imperfect indicative plural third-person)
mūgiam (active first-person future indicative singular)
mūgiēs (active future indicative second-person singular)
mūgiet (active future indicative singular third-person)
mūgiēmus (active first-person future indicative plural)
mūgiētis (active future indicative plural second-person)
mūgient (active future indicative plural third-person)
mūgīvī (active first-person indicative perfect singular)
mūgiī (active first-person indicative perfect singular)
mūgīvistī (active indicative perfect second-person singular)
mūgiistī (active indicative perfect second-person singular)
mūgīvit (active indicative perfect singular third-person)
mūgiit (active indicative perfect singular third-person)
mūgīvimus (active first-person indicative perfect plural)
mūgiimus (active first-person indicative perfect plural)
mūgīvistis (active indicative perfect plural second-person)
mūgiistis (active indicative perfect plural second-person)
mūgīvērunt (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
mūgīvēre (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
mūgiērunt (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
mūgiēre (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
mūgīveram (active first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
mūgieram (active first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
mūgīverās (active indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
mūgierās (active indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
mūgīverat (active indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
mūgierat (active indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
mūgīverāmus (active first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
mūgierāmus (active first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
mūgīverātis (active indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
mūgierātis (active indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
mūgīverant (active indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
mūgierant (active indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
mūgīverō (active first-person future indicative perfect singular)
mūgierō (active first-person future indicative perfect singular)
mūgīveris (active future indicative perfect second-person singular)
mūgieris (active future indicative perfect second-person singular)
mūgīverit (active future indicative perfect singular third-person)
mūgierit (active future indicative perfect singular third-person)
mūgīverimus (active first-person future indicative perfect plural)
mūgierimus (active first-person future indicative perfect plural)
mūgīveritis (active future indicative perfect plural second-person)
mūgieritis (active future indicative perfect plural second-person)
mūgīverint (active future indicative perfect plural third-person)
mūgierint (active future indicative perfect plural third-person)
mūgiam (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
mūgiās (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
mūgiat (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
mūgiāmus (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
mūgiātis (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
mūgiant (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
mūgīrem (active first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
mūgīrēs (active imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
mūgīret (active imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
mūgīrēmus (active first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
mūgīrētis (active imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
mūgīrent (active imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
mūgīverim (active first-person perfect singular subjunctive)
mūgierim (active first-person perfect singular subjunctive)
mūgīverīs (active perfect second-person singular subjunctive)
mūgierīs (active perfect second-person singular subjunctive)
mūgīverit (active perfect singular subjunctive third-person)
mūgierit (active perfect singular subjunctive third-person)
mūgīverīmus (active first-person perfect plural subjunctive)
mūgierīmus (active first-person perfect plural subjunctive)
mūgīverītis (active perfect plural second-person subjunctive)
mūgierītis (active perfect plural second-person subjunctive)
mūgīverint (active perfect plural subjunctive third-person)
mūgierint (active perfect plural subjunctive third-person)
mūgīvissem (active first-person pluperfect singular subjunctive)
mūgiissem (active first-person pluperfect singular subjunctive)
mūgīvissēs (active pluperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
mūgiissēs (active pluperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
mūgīvisset (active pluperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
mūgiisset (active pluperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
mūgīvissēmus (active first-person pluperfect plural subjunctive)
mūgiissēmus (active first-person pluperfect plural subjunctive)
mūgīvissētis (active pluperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
mūgiissētis (active pluperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
mūgīvissent (active pluperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
mūgiissent (active pluperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
mūgī (active imperative present second-person singular)
mūgīte (active imperative plural present second-person)
mūgītō (active future imperative second-person singular)
mūgītō (active future imperative singular third-person)
mūgītōte (active future imperative plural second-person)
mūgiuntō (active future imperative plural third-person)
mūgīre (active infinitive present)
mūgīvisse (active infinitive perfect)
mūgiisse (active infinitive perfect)
mūgītūrum esse (active future infinitive)
mūgiēns (active participle present)
mūgītūrus (active future participle)
mūgiendī (genitive gerund noun-from-verb)
mūgiendō (dative gerund noun-from-verb)
mūgiendum (accusative gerund noun-from-verb)
mūgiendō (ablative gerund noun-from-verb)
mūgītum (accusative noun-from-verb supine)
mūgītū (ablative noun-from-verb supine)

Aromanian: mudzescu, mudziri

Catalan: mugir

French: mugir

Galician: muxir

English: mugient

Italian: muggire

Old French: muire

Portuguese: mugir

Romanian: mugi, mugire

Spanish: mugir

From Proto-Indo-European *mug-, *mūg-, onomatopoeic form, reminiscent of cow's lowing. Cognates include Ancient Greek μῡκάομαι (mūkáomai, “to low, bellow”), Lithuanian mū̃kti (“to bellow”) and Russian мыча́ть (myčátʹ, “to moo”).

onomatopoeic

onomatopoeic

cog

reddidit ūna boum vōcem vāstōque sub antrō

29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 8.217-218

(of inanimate things) to roar, rumble, bray, groan


gannio

la-verb

ganniō (present infinitive gannīre, perfect active gannīvī); fourth conjugation, no passive, no supine stem

ganniō (canonical)
no passive (canonical)
gannīre (infinitive present)
gannīvī (active perfect)
ganniō (active first-person indicative present singular)
gannīs (active indicative present second-person singular)
gannit (active indicative present singular third-person)
gannīmus (active first-person indicative plural present)
gannītis (active indicative plural present second-person)
ganniunt (active indicative plural present third-person)
ganniēbam (active first-person imperfect indicative singular)
ganniēbās (active imperfect indicative second-person singular)
ganniēbat (active imperfect indicative singular third-person)
ganniēbāmus (active first-person imperfect indicative plural)
ganniēbātis (active imperfect indicative plural second-person)
ganniēbant (active imperfect indicative plural third-person)
ganniam (active first-person future indicative singular)
ganniēs (active future indicative second-person singular)
ganniet (active future indicative singular third-person)
ganniēmus (active first-person future indicative plural)
ganniētis (active future indicative plural second-person)
gannient (active future indicative plural third-person)
gannīvī (active first-person indicative perfect singular)
gannīvistī (active indicative perfect second-person singular)
gannīvit (active indicative perfect singular third-person)
gannīvimus (active first-person indicative perfect plural)
gannīvistis (active indicative perfect plural second-person)
gannīvērunt (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
gannīvēre (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
gannīveram (active first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
gannīverās (active indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
gannīverat (active indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
gannīverāmus (active first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
gannīverātis (active indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
gannīverant (active indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
gannīverō (active first-person future indicative perfect singular)
gannīveris (active future indicative perfect second-person singular)
gannīverit (active future indicative perfect singular third-person)
gannīverimus (active first-person future indicative perfect plural)
gannīveritis (active future indicative perfect plural second-person)
gannīverint (active future indicative perfect plural third-person)
ganniam (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
ganniās (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
ganniat (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
ganniāmus (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
ganniātis (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
ganniant (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
gannīrem (active first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
gannīrēs (active imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
gannīret (active imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
gannīrēmus (active first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
gannīrētis (active imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
gannīrent (active imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
gannīverim (active first-person perfect singular subjunctive)
gannīverīs (active perfect second-person singular subjunctive)
gannīverit (active perfect singular subjunctive third-person)
gannīverīmus (active first-person perfect plural subjunctive)
gannīverītis (active perfect plural second-person subjunctive)
gannīverint (active perfect plural subjunctive third-person)
gannīvissem (active first-person pluperfect singular subjunctive)
gannīvissēs (active pluperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
gannīvisset (active pluperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
gannīvissēmus (active first-person pluperfect plural subjunctive)
gannīvissētis (active pluperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
gannīvissent (active pluperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
gannī (active imperative present second-person singular)
gannīte (active imperative plural present second-person)
gannītō (active future imperative second-person singular)
gannītō (active future imperative singular third-person)
gannītōte (active future imperative plural second-person)
ganniuntō (active future imperative plural third-person)
gannīre (active infinitive present)
gannīvisse (active infinitive perfect)
ganniēns (active participle present)
ganniendī (genitive gerund noun-from-verb)
ganniendō (dative gerund noun-from-verb)
ganniendum (accusative gerund noun-from-verb)
ganniendō (ablative gerund noun-from-verb)

Catalan: ganyir

Dalmatian: ganer

Galician: ganir

Italian: gannire, ⇒ gagnolare, gagnolio

Old French: rejaner

Portuguese: ganir

Spanish: gañir

According to Pokorny, from a Proto-Indo-European root common to English kink, Polish gęgać (“to gaggle”) and Ancient Greek γογγρύζω (gongrúzō, “to grunt”). De Vaan notes that most of the non-Slavic words mentioned by Pokorny seem to trace back to a Proto-Indo-European *gang- (“to mock”), and is skeptical of their affiliation with the Latin term, the latter whose primary meaning seems to be more "to growl" than "to mock". He thus separates the Slavic words as the most likely comparanda (see also Russian гугнивый (gugnivyj, “(uncommon) speaking through the nose”)), and considers them, as well as the Latin, to be onomatopoeic.

cog

(figuratively) to grumble, snarl; gabble


rugio

la-verb

rū̆giō (present infinitive rū̆gīre, perfect active rū̆gīvī or rū̆giī); fourth conjugation, no passive, no supine stem

rū̆giō (canonical)
no passive (canonical)
rū̆gīre (infinitive present)
rū̆gīvī (active perfect)
rū̆giī (active perfect)
rū̆giō (active first-person indicative present singular)
rū̆gīs (active indicative present second-person singular)
rū̆git (active indicative present singular third-person)
rū̆gīmus (active first-person indicative plural present)
rū̆gītis (active indicative plural present second-person)
rū̆giunt (active indicative plural present third-person)
rū̆giēbam (active first-person imperfect indicative singular)
rū̆giēbās (active imperfect indicative second-person singular)
rū̆giēbat (active imperfect indicative singular third-person)
rū̆giēbāmus (active first-person imperfect indicative plural)
rū̆giēbātis (active imperfect indicative plural second-person)
rū̆giēbant (active imperfect indicative plural third-person)
rū̆giam (active first-person future indicative singular)
rū̆giēs (active future indicative second-person singular)
rū̆giet (active future indicative singular third-person)
rū̆giēmus (active first-person future indicative plural)
rū̆giētis (active future indicative plural second-person)
rū̆gient (active future indicative plural third-person)
rū̆gīvī (active first-person indicative perfect singular)
rū̆giī (active first-person indicative perfect singular)
rū̆gīvistī (active indicative perfect second-person singular)
rū̆giistī (active indicative perfect second-person singular)
rū̆gīvit (active indicative perfect singular third-person)
rū̆giit (active indicative perfect singular third-person)
rū̆gīvimus (active first-person indicative perfect plural)
rū̆giimus (active first-person indicative perfect plural)
rū̆gīvistis (active indicative perfect plural second-person)
rū̆giistis (active indicative perfect plural second-person)
rū̆gīvērunt (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
rū̆gīvēre (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
rū̆giērunt (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
rū̆giēre (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
rū̆gīveram (active first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
rū̆gieram (active first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
rū̆gīverās (active indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
rū̆gierās (active indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
rū̆gīverat (active indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
rū̆gierat (active indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
rū̆gīverāmus (active first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
rū̆gierāmus (active first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
rū̆gīverātis (active indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
rū̆gierātis (active indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
rū̆gīverant (active indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
rū̆gierant (active indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
rū̆gīverō (active first-person future indicative perfect singular)
rū̆gierō (active first-person future indicative perfect singular)
rū̆gīveris (active future indicative perfect second-person singular)
rū̆gieris (active future indicative perfect second-person singular)
rū̆gīverit (active future indicative perfect singular third-person)
rū̆gierit (active future indicative perfect singular third-person)
rū̆gīverimus (active first-person future indicative perfect plural)
rū̆gierimus (active first-person future indicative perfect plural)
rū̆gīveritis (active future indicative perfect plural second-person)
rū̆gieritis (active future indicative perfect plural second-person)
rū̆gīverint (active future indicative perfect plural third-person)
rū̆gierint (active future indicative perfect plural third-person)
rū̆giam (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
rū̆giās (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
rū̆giat (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
rū̆giāmus (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
rū̆giātis (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
rū̆giant (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
rū̆gīrem (active first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
rū̆gīrēs (active imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
rū̆gīret (active imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
rū̆gīrēmus (active first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
rū̆gīrētis (active imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
rū̆gīrent (active imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
rū̆gīverim (active first-person perfect singular subjunctive)
rū̆gierim (active first-person perfect singular subjunctive)
rū̆gīverīs (active perfect second-person singular subjunctive)
rū̆gierīs (active perfect second-person singular subjunctive)
rū̆gīverit (active perfect singular subjunctive third-person)
rū̆gierit (active perfect singular subjunctive third-person)
rū̆gīverīmus (active first-person perfect plural subjunctive)
rū̆gierīmus (active first-person perfect plural subjunctive)
rū̆gīverītis (active perfect plural second-person subjunctive)
rū̆gierītis (active perfect plural second-person subjunctive)
rū̆gīverint (active perfect plural subjunctive third-person)
rū̆gierint (active perfect plural subjunctive third-person)
rū̆gīvissem (active first-person pluperfect singular subjunctive)
rū̆giissem (active first-person pluperfect singular subjunctive)
rū̆gīvissēs (active pluperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
rū̆giissēs (active pluperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
rū̆gīvisset (active pluperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
rū̆giisset (active pluperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
rū̆gīvissēmus (active first-person pluperfect plural subjunctive)
rū̆giissēmus (active first-person pluperfect plural subjunctive)
rū̆gīvissētis (active pluperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
rū̆giissētis (active pluperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
rū̆gīvissent (active pluperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
rū̆giissent (active pluperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
rū̆gī (active imperative present second-person singular)
rū̆gīte (active imperative plural present second-person)
rū̆gītō (active future imperative second-person singular)
rū̆gītō (active future imperative singular third-person)
rū̆gītōte (active future imperative plural second-person)
rū̆giuntō (active future imperative plural third-person)
rū̆gīre (active infinitive present)
rū̆gīvisse (active infinitive perfect)
rū̆giisse (active infinitive perfect)
rū̆giēns (active participle present)
rū̆giendī (genitive gerund noun-from-verb)
rū̆giendō (dative gerund noun-from-verb)
rū̆giendum (accusative gerund noun-from-verb)
rū̆giendō (ablative gerund noun-from-verb)

Aromanian: arujescu, arujiri

→ Asturian: ruxir

→ French: rugir

Italian: ruggire

Old French: ruir

→ Old Galician-Portuguese: rogir

Galician: ruxir

Portuguese: rugir

Old Spanish: ruir

Romanian: rugi, rugire

→ Spanish: rugir

→ Catalan: rugir

⇒ Vulgar Latin: brugio (from a Gaulish root)

Old French: bruire

French: bruire

From Proto-Italic *rougjō. Per De Vaan, related to Ancient Greek ἐρεύγομαι (ereúgomai, “roar”), ὀρῠμαγδός (orumagdós, “noise”), ὠρῡγή (ōrūgḗ, “noise, roaring”), and possibly related to rū̆dō (“(of lions) to roar; (of donkeys) to bray”). Despite the phonetic similarity to ērūgō (“belch”), De Vaan thinks cognacy is unlikely, viewing the semantics as a poor match (although Greek ἐρεύγομαι (ereúgomai) also has the meaning "belch", which De Vaan considers a homophone). Perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rewg- (“to roar”).

der

super eum rugierunt leones et dederunt vocem suam posuerunt terram eius in solitudinem civitates eius exustae sunt et non est qui habitet in eis

The young lions have roared on him, and yelled; and they have made his land waste: his cities are burned up, without inhabitant.


miccio

la-verb

micciō (present infinitive miccīre); fourth conjugation, no passive, no perfect or supine stem

micciō (canonical)
no passive (canonical)
miccīre (infinitive present)
micciō (active first-person indicative present singular)
miccīs (active indicative present second-person singular)
miccit (active indicative present singular third-person)
miccīmus (active first-person indicative plural present)
miccītis (active indicative plural present second-person)
micciunt (active indicative plural present third-person)
micciēbam (active first-person imperfect indicative singular)
micciēbās (active imperfect indicative second-person singular)
micciēbat (active imperfect indicative singular third-person)
micciēbāmus (active first-person imperfect indicative plural)
micciēbātis (active imperfect indicative plural second-person)
micciēbant (active imperfect indicative plural third-person)
micciam (active first-person future indicative singular)
micciēs (active future indicative second-person singular)
micciet (active future indicative singular third-person)
micciēmus (active first-person future indicative plural)
micciētis (active future indicative plural second-person)
miccient (active future indicative plural third-person)
micciam (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
micciās (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
micciat (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
micciāmus (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
micciātis (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
micciant (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
miccīrem (active first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
miccīrēs (active imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
miccīret (active imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
miccīrēmus (active first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
miccīrētis (active imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
miccīrent (active imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
miccī (active imperative present second-person singular)
miccīte (active imperative plural present second-person)
miccītō (active future imperative second-person singular)
miccītō (active future imperative singular third-person)
miccītōte (active future imperative plural second-person)
micciuntō (active future imperative plural third-person)
miccīre (active infinitive present)
micciēns (active participle present)
micciendī (genitive gerund noun-from-verb)
micciendō (dative gerund noun-from-verb)
micciendum (accusative gerund noun-from-verb)
micciendō (ablative gerund noun-from-verb)