ornus

la-noun

ornus f (genitive ornī); second declension

ornī (genitive)
ornus (nominative singular)
ornī (nominative plural)
ornī (genitive singular)
ornōrum (genitive plural)
ornō (dative singular)
ornīs (dative plural)
ornum (accusative singular)
ornōs (accusative plural)
ornō (ablative singular)
ornīs (ablative plural)
orne (singular vocative)
ornī (plural vocative)

Dalmatian: uarno

→ French: orne (learned)

Italian: orno, orniello

Romanian: urm

From Proto-Indo-European *Heh₃s-. See also English ash.


pilum

pīlum n (genitive pīlī); second declension

pīlum (canonical neuter)
pīlī (genitive)
pīlum (nominative singular)
pīla (nominative plural)
pīlī (genitive singular)
pīlōrum (genitive plural)
pīlō (dative singular)
pīlīs (dative plural)
pīlum (accusative singular)
pīla (accusative plural)
pīlō (ablative singular)
pīlīs (ablative plural)
pīlum (singular vocative)
pīla (plural vocative)

Dutch: pijl

English: pile

French: pile

German: Pfeil

Italian: pilo, pillo

→ Portuguese: pilo (learned)

Romanian: pil

Spanish: pilo

Swedish: pil

From Proto-Italic *pistlom, from Proto-Indo-European *pistlom, from *peys- (“to crush”). See pistillum and pīla.


hasta

hasta f (genitive hastae); first declension

hastae (genitive)
hasta (nominative singular)
hastae (nominative plural)
hastae (genitive singular)
hastārum (genitive plural)
hastae (dative singular)
hastīs (dative plural)
hastam (accusative singular)
hastās (accusative plural)
hastā (ablative singular)
hastīs (ablative plural)
hasta (singular vocative)
hastae (plural vocative)

Catalan: ast

Corsican: asta

Friulian: aste

Galician: hasta

Italian: asta

Lombard: asta

Old French: haste

Piedmontese: asta

Portuguese: hasta, haste

Spanish: asta

Disputed. Usually conjectured to be from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰasto- or *ǵʰasdʰo- (“branch ~ spear, sharp spine”) (see below for Indo-European cognates), but the phonetics are problematic. Likely of ultimately non-Indo-European substrate origin.
Cognates include Irish gad (“withe”), Gothic 𐌲𐌰𐌶𐌳𐍃 (gazds, “spine, aculeus”) and Old Norse gaddr (“spear, goad”) (loaned into English as gad); the Celtic and Germanic forms point to a PIE pre-form *ǵʰasdʰo-. A relationship with Sanskrit हस्त (hasta, “hand”) (see hir) is unlikely. A relationship with Albanian heshtë, ushtë and shtijë (all meaning “spear”) is uncertain.
Also compared to Umbrian 𐌇𐌏𐌔𐌕𐌀𐌕𐌖 (hostatu, acc.pl.m.), 𐌇𐌏𐌔𐌕𐌀𐌕𐌉𐌓 (hostatir, dat.pl.m), of unknown meaning, but the root vowel /o/ does not match the Latin /a/.

Petere aliquem hastā.

Victumne putāstī / Thēsea, dīre Creōn? Adsum, nec sanguine fessum / crēde; sitit meritōs etiamnum haec hasta cruōrēs.

c. 45 CE – 96 CE, Statius, Thebaid 12.593–595

Did you think Theseus is defeated, cruel Creon? I am here, and do not believe I'm tired of blood, even my spear is still thirsty for righteous slaughter.

a spear, lance, pike, carried by soldiers and used for thrusting


telum

tēlum n (genitive tēlī); second declension

tēlum (canonical neuter)
tēlī (genitive)
tēlum (nominative singular)
tēla (nominative plural)
tēlī (genitive singular)
tēlōrum (genitive plural)
tēlō (dative singular)
tēlīs (dative plural)
tēlum (accusative singular)
tēla (accusative plural)
tēlō (ablative singular)
tēlīs (ablative plural)
tēlum (singular vocative)
tēla (plural vocative)

Italian: telo

Vulgar Latin: *tēlāria

Galician: tieira

Spanish: telera

[ˈt̪eːɫ̪ʊ̃ˑ]

Perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *(s)teg- (“beam, stake”) (whence also tignum).

der

Munire urbem, frumentum convehere, tela arma parare.

27 BCE – 25 BCE, Titus Livius, Ab Urbe Condita 29.4

To strengthen the defences of the city, to accumulate stores of corn, to prepare a supply of weapons and armour.


runa

la-noun

rūna f (genitive rūnae); first declension

rūna (canonical feminine)
rūnae (genitive)
rūna (nominative singular)
rūnae (nominative plural)
rūnae (genitive singular)
rūnārum (genitive plural)
rūnae (dative singular)
rūnīs (dative plural)
rūnam (accusative singular)
rūnās (accusative plural)
rūnā (ablative singular)
rūnīs (ablative plural)
rūna (singular vocative)
rūnae (plural vocative)


matara

matara f (genitive matarae); first declension

matarae (genitive)
matara (nominative singular)
matarae (nominative plural)
matarae (genitive singular)
matarārum (genitive plural)
matarae (dative singular)
matarīs (dative plural)
mataram (accusative singular)
matarās (accusative plural)
matarā (ablative singular)
matarīs (ablative plural)
matara (singular vocative)
matarae (plural vocative)


verutum

verūtum n (genitive verūtī); second declension

verūtum (canonical neuter)
verūtī (genitive)
verūtum (nominative singular)
verūta (nominative plural)
verūtī (genitive singular)
verūtōrum (genitive plural)
verūtō (dative singular)
verūtīs (dative plural)
verūtum (accusative singular)
verūta (accusative plural)
verūtō (ablative singular)
verūtīs (ablative plural)
verūtum (singular vocative)
verūta (plural vocative)

[u̯ɛˈruːt̪ʊ̃ˑ]

A light javelin used primarily by the Vēlitēs.


lancea

lancea f (genitive lanceae); first declension

lanceae (genitive)
lancea (nominative singular)
lanceae (nominative plural)
lanceae (genitive singular)
lanceārum (genitive plural)
lanceae (dative singular)
lanceīs (dative plural)
lanceam (accusative singular)
lanceās (accusative plural)
lanceā (ablative singular)
lanceīs (ablative plural)
lancea (singular vocative)
lanceae (plural vocative)

Ancient Greek: λαγκία (lankía)

Asturian: llanza, llancia

Catalan: llança

Danish: lanse

Dutch: lans

English: lance

Esperanto: lanco

Faroese: lansi

French: lance

Friulian: lance

Galician: lanza

German: Lanze

Hungarian: lándzsa

Ido: lanco

Italian: lancia

Mirandese: lhança

Occitan: lança

Portuguese: lança

Romanian: lance

Sardinian: lantza

Sicilian: lanza

Spanish: lanza

Swedish: lans

Venetian: lansa

[ˈlän̠ʲt͡ʃeä]

Ultimately from Celtic or Celtiberian, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *pleh₂k- (“to hit”). Compare with Ancient Greek λόγχη (lónkhē). See also plācō, plāgō, plangō and plēctō.

The Roman auxiliaries' short javelin; a light spear or lance.


veru

verū n (genitive verūs); fourth declension

verū (canonical neuter)
verūs (genitive)
verū (nominative singular)
verua (nominative plural)
verūs (genitive singular)
veruum (genitive plural)
verū (dative singular)
veribus (dative plural)
verū (accusative singular)
verua (accusative plural)
verū (ablative singular)
veribus (ablative plural)
verū (singular vocative)
verua (plural vocative)

From Proto-Italic *gʷeru (“spit”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʷéru.


sarissa

sarissa f (genitive sarissae); first declension

sarissae (genitive)
sarissa (nominative singular)
sarissae (nominative plural)
sarissae (genitive singular)
sarissārum (genitive plural)
sarissae (dative singular)
sarissīs (dative plural)
sarissam (accusative singular)
sarissās (accusative plural)
sarissā (ablative singular)
sarissīs (ablative plural)
sarissa (singular vocative)
sarissae (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek σάρισσα (sárissa), alternative forms of σάρῑσα (sárīsa).

sarissa (a long pike used in the traditional Greek phalanx formation)


taxus

taxus f (genitive taxī); second declension

taxī (genitive)
taxus (nominative singular)
taxī (nominative plural)
taxī (genitive singular)
taxōrum (genitive plural)
taxō (dative singular)
taxīs (dative plural)
taxum (accusative singular)
taxōs (accusative plural)
taxō (ablative singular)
taxīs (ablative plural)
taxe (singular vocative)
taxī (plural vocative)

Asturian: texu

Catalan: teix

French: taxacées

Italian: tasso

Old Galician-Portuguese:

Galician: teixo

Portuguese: teixo

Spanish: tejo

Venetian: taso

→? Esperanto: taksuso

Ido: taxuso

→ Translingual: Taxus

A loanword of Scythian origin, from Proto-Iranian *taxša, from Proto-Indo-European *tekʷ- (“to flee, run”), as the fruit was considered poisonous. Also compare modern Persian تخش (taxš, “crossbow”).

der

[ˈt̪äks̠ʊs̠]

(poetic) A javelin made of the wood of the yew tree.


sparus

la-noun

sparus m (genitive sparī); second declension

sparī (genitive)
sparus (nominative singular)
sparī (nominative plural)
sparī (genitive singular)
sparōrum (genitive plural)
sparō (dative singular)
sparīs (dative plural)
sparum (accusative singular)
sparōs (accusative plural)
sparō (ablative singular)
sparīs (ablative plural)
spare (singular vocative)
sparī (plural vocative)

From Proto-Indo-European *sperH-. Compare English spear.

hunting spear; a small missile weapon with a curved blade


tragula

trāgula f (genitive trāgulae); first declension

trāgula (canonical feminine)
trāgulae (genitive)
trāgula (nominative singular)
trāgulae (nominative plural)
trāgulae (genitive singular)
trāgulārum (genitive plural)
trāgulae (dative singular)
trāgulīs (dative plural)
trāgulam (accusative singular)
trāgulās (accusative plural)
trāgulā (ablative singular)
trāgulīs (ablative plural)
trāgula (singular vocative)
trāgulae (plural vocative)

→ Ancient Greek: δράγλη (dráglē)

Catalan: tralla

Dalmatian: tragala

French: traille

→ Italian: traglia

Galician: tralla

Italian: tragula

Old Occitan: traio, dralho

→ French: draille

→ Italian: draglia

Portuguese: tralha, trelha

Spanish: tralla, → trágula

⇒ Vulgar Latin: *tragella

Catalan: tragella

Spanish: traílla

[ˈt̪räːɡʊɫ̪ä]

[ˈt̪räːɡulä]

From Proto-Indo-European *tragʰ- (“to draw, drag”). Related to Latin trahō (“I drag”) and tergus (“back, rear”), Ancient Greek τρέχω (trékhō), English drag, draw, trigger, track. As to the ā, compare the formations of rēgula, tēgula and sēcula.

der

a javelin or dart having a throwing-strap (āmentum)


contus

la-noun

contus m (genitive contī); second declension

contī (genitive)
contus (nominative singular)
contī (nominative plural)
contī (genitive singular)
contōrum (genitive plural)
contō (dative singular)
contīs (dative plural)
contum (accusative singular)
contōs (accusative plural)
contō (ablative singular)
contīs (ablative plural)
conte (singular vocative)
contī (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek κοντός (kontós, “pole, pike”), from κεντέω (kentéō, “I sting, goad”).


framea

la-noun

framea f (genitive frameae); first declension

frameae (genitive)
framea (nominative singular)
frameae (nominative plural)
frameae (genitive singular)
frameārum (genitive plural)
frameae (dative singular)
frameīs (dative plural)
frameam (accusative singular)
frameās (accusative plural)
frameā (ablative singular)
frameīs (ablative plural)
framea (singular vocative)
frameae (plural vocative)

→ English: framea (learned)

→ French: framée (learned)

→ Italian: framea (learned)

In Germania, Tacitus says that this word was the Germans' own name for their spears. As such, we can assume the word is from Proto-Germanic. However, the specific reconstruction is uncertain; the most accepted one being *framjō (“lance, spear, javelin”), perhaps related to Proto-Germanic *frankô (“javelin”) (see Frank). Another possible relative might be the poetic Old Norse þremjar (“swords”), in which case the Proto-Germanic ancestor term would start with þr-, not fr-. Another possibility is from Proto-Germanic *hramjō (“pole, perch”), a derivative of Proto-Germanic *hramō (“frame”).


venabulum

vēnābulum n (genitive vēnābulī); second declension

vēnābulum (canonical neuter)
vēnābulī (genitive)
vēnābulum (nominative singular)
vēnābula (nominative plural)
vēnābulī (genitive singular)
vēnābulōrum (genitive plural)
vēnābulō (dative singular)
vēnābulīs (dative plural)
vēnābulum (accusative singular)
vēnābula (accusative plural)
vēnābulō (ablative singular)
vēnābulīs (ablative plural)
vēnābulum (singular vocative)
vēnābula (plural vocative)

Old Spanish: venavlo

Spanish: venablo

[u̯eːˈnäːbʊɫ̪ʊ̃ˑ]


quiris

quirīs f (genitive quirītis); third declension

quirīs (canonical feminine)
quirītis (genitive)
quirīs (nominative singular)
quirītēs (nominative plural)
quirītis (genitive singular)
quirītum (genitive plural)
quirītī (dative singular)
quirītibus (dative plural)
quirītem (accusative singular)
quirītēs (accusative plural)
quirīte (ablative singular)
quirītibus (ablative plural)
quirīs (singular vocative)
quirītēs (plural vocative)

A Sabine word attested by Ovid to explain the origin of Quirīnus. See also Curēs.


bebra

bebra f (genitive bebrae); first declension

bebrae (genitive)
bebra (nominative singular)
bebrae (nominative plural)
bebrae (genitive singular)
bebrārum (genitive plural)
bebrae (dative singular)
bebrīs (dative plural)
bebram (accusative singular)
bebrās (accusative plural)
bebrā (ablative singular)
bebrīs (ablative plural)
bebra (singular vocative)
bebrae (plural vocative)

A kind of javelin used by barbarous nations


gaesum

gaesum n (genitive gaesī); second declension

gaesī (genitive)
gaesum (nominative singular)
gaesa (nominative plural)
gaesī (genitive singular)
gaesōrum (genitive plural)
gaesō (dative singular)
gaesīs (dative plural)
gaesum (accusative singular)
gaesa (accusative plural)
gaesō (ablative singular)
gaesīs (ablative plural)
gaesum (singular vocative)
gaesa (plural vocative)

desc

→ Ancient Greek: γαῖσος (gaîsos), γαῖσον (gaîson)

→ Old Armenian: գայիսոն (gayison)

→ Basque: gezi

[ˈɡäe̯s̠ʊ̃ˑ]

[ˈd͡ʒɛːs̬um]

Borrowed from Gaulish *gaisos, *gaisom, from Proto-Celtic *gaisos, whence also Old Irish gae (modern Irish ga) and Welsh gwayw.


rhomphaea

la-noun

rhomphaea f (genitive rhomphaeae); first declension

rhomphaeae (genitive)
rhomphaea (nominative singular)
rhomphaeae (nominative plural)
rhomphaeae (genitive singular)
rhomphaeārum (genitive plural)
rhomphaeae (dative singular)
rhomphaeīs (dative plural)
rhomphaeam (accusative singular)
rhomphaeās (accusative plural)
rhomphaeā (ablative singular)
rhomphaeīs (ablative plural)
rhomphaea (singular vocative)
rhomphaeae (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ῥομφαία (rhomphaía).


falarica

falarica f (genitive falaricae); first declension

falaricae (genitive)
falarica (nominative singular)
falaricae (nominative plural)
falaricae (genitive singular)
falaricārum (genitive plural)
falaricae (dative singular)
falaricīs (dative plural)
falaricam (accusative singular)
falaricās (accusative plural)
falaricā (ablative singular)
falaricīs (ablative plural)
falarica (singular vocative)
falaricae (plural vocative)


sibina

sibina f (genitive sibinae); first declension

sibinae (genitive)
sibina (nominative singular)
sibinae (nominative plural)
sibinae (genitive singular)
sibinārum (genitive plural)
sibinae (dative singular)
sibinīs (dative plural)
sibinam (accusative singular)
sibinās (accusative plural)
sibinā (ablative singular)
sibinīs (ablative plural)
sibina (singular vocative)
sibinae (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek σῐβῠ́νη (sibúnē, “hunting spear”). Ultimatily derived from Illyrian *sibina, related to or from Proto-Albanian *tsupina (modern thupër).


lonchus

la-noun

lonchus m (genitive lonchī); second declension

lonchī (genitive)
lonchus (nominative singular)
lonchī (nominative plural)
lonchī (genitive singular)
lonchōrum (genitive plural)
lonchō (dative singular)
lonchīs (dative plural)
lonchum (accusative singular)
lonchōs (accusative plural)
lonchō (ablative singular)
lonchīs (ablative plural)
lonche (singular vocative)
lonchī (plural vocative)

From Ancient Greek λόγχος (lónkhos, “spear”).


gisarma

gisarma f (genitive gisarmae); first declension

gisarmae (genitive)
gisarma (nominative singular)
gisarmae (nominative plural)
gisarmae (genitive singular)
gisarmārum (genitive plural)
gisarmae (dative singular)
gisarmīs (dative plural)
gisarmam (accusative singular)
gisarmās (accusative plural)
gisarmā (ablative singular)
gisarmīs (ablative plural)
gisarma (singular vocative)
gisarmae (plural vocative)


dardus

dardus m (genitive dardī); second declension

dardī (genitive)
dardus (nominative singular)
dardī (nominative plural)
dardī (genitive singular)
dardōrum (genitive plural)
dardō (dative singular)
dardīs (dative plural)
dardum (accusative singular)
dardōs (accusative plural)
dardō (ablative singular)
dardīs (ablative plural)
darde (singular vocative)
dardī (plural vocative)

desctree

Old French: dart, dard, dar
Middle French: dart, dard, dar
French: dard
→ Italian: dardo
→ Portuguese: dardo
→ Spanish: dardo
Walloon: darde
→ Middle English: dart, darte
English: dart
→ Dutch: dart
→ German: Dart
Scots: dart, dairt; dard

Asturian: dardu

Old Occitan: dard

Catalan: dard

Occitan: dard

[ˈd̪ärd̪ʊs̠]

Borrowed from Frankish *darōþu (“throwing spear, arrow”).

bor

Boston
Brill
Charles du Fresne, sieur du Cange#Works
Leiden