tempus

tempus n (genitive temporis); third declension

temporis (genitive)
tempus (nominative singular)
tempora (nominative plural)
temporis (genitive singular)
temporum (genitive plural)
temporī (dative singular)
temporibus (dative plural)
tempus (accusative singular)
tempora (accusative plural)
tempore (ablative singular)
temporibus (ablative plural)
tempus (singular vocative)
tempora (plural vocative)

Eastern Romance

Megleno-Romanian: timp

Romanian: timp

Franco-Provençal: temps

Gallo-Italic

Ligurian: tempo

Lombard: temp

Piedmontese: temp

Italo-Dalmatian

Corsican: tempu

Dalmatian: tiamp

Istriot: tenpo

Italian: tempo (see there for further descendants)

Neapolitan: tiempo

Sicilian: tempu

Rhaeto-Romance

Friulian: timp

Ladin: tëmp

Romansch: temp, taimp, tains

Occitano-Romance

Old Catalan: temps

Catalan: temps

desctree

Old Occitan: tems
Occitan: tèms, tems, temps

Oïl

Old French: temps (see there for further descendants)

Venetan: tenpo, tènp

West Iberian

Asturian: tiempu

Old Galician-Portuguese: tempo

Galician: tempo

Portuguese: tempo

Spanish: tiempo

Borrowings

→ Finnish: tempus

→ Norwegian Bokmål: tempus

→ Russian: темп (temp)

→ Sardinian: tempus

→ Swedish: tempus

→ Middle Welsh: tymhor

Welsh: tymor

⇒ Vulgar Latin: *tempula, *templa

Catalan: templa

Italian: tempia

Old French: temple
French: tempe
→ Middle English: temple
English: temple

Romanian: tâmplă

⇒ Asturian: tenllera

⇒ Galician: tempas

→ Basque: denbora

→ Italian: tempora

→ Portuguese: têmpora

→ Sicilian: tèmpura

→ Spanish: témpora

From Proto-Italic *tempos. Two ultimate roots/origins have been proposed:
* From Proto-Indo-European *tempos (“stretch”), from the extension *temp- of the root *ten- (“to stretch, string”), with meaning development "what is stretched, stretching" → "stretch (of time)" → "time, occasion".
* From Proto-Indo-European *temh₁- (“to cut”), thus "a section (of time)", this root also giving Latin temnō, tondeō, Ancient Greek τέμνω (témnō); compare the etymology of English time. templum is a possible cognate that has also been assigned to both roots.
Sense 2 is a semantic loan from Ancient Greek τὰ καίρῐᾰ (tà kaíria, “the vital or fatal place (on the body)”), from καιρός (kairós, “time, opportunity, etc.”), and is less frequent in singular form. Compare Old English þunwang (“temple of the head”), Middle High German tinne, tinge (“forehead, temples”).
As seen from the adverb temperī, the noun would originally have declined like genus.

cog

(in the plural) the temples (sides of the head)

(poetic, transferred sense) (in general) the face, visage; the head


coleus

la-noun

cōleus m (genitive cōleī); second declension

cōleus (canonical masculine)
cōleī (genitive)
cōleus (nominative singular)
cōleī (nominative plural)
cōleī (genitive singular)
cōleōrum (genitive plural)
cōleō (dative singular)
cōleīs (dative plural)
cōleum (accusative singular)
cōleōs (accusative plural)
cōleō (ablative singular)
cōleīs (ablative plural)
cōlee (singular vocative)
cōleī (plural vocative)

[ˈkoːɫ̪eʊs̠]

Uncertain. Possibly akin to cūleus, culleus (“sack”); caulis, cōlis (“stalk”); or cōlum (“sieve”).

(vulgar, in the plural) sack (scrotum or testicles)


cervix

cervīx f (genitive cervīcis); third declension

cervīx (canonical feminine)
cervīcis (genitive)
cervīx (nominative singular)
cervīcēs (nominative plural)
cervīcis (genitive singular)
cervīcum (genitive plural)
cervīcī (dative singular)
cervīcibus (dative plural)
cervīcem (accusative singular)
cervīcēs (accusative plural)
cervīce (ablative singular)
cervīcibus (ablative plural)
cervīx (singular vocative)
cervīcēs (plural vocative)

Balkan Romance:

Romanian: cerbice

Gallo-Romance:

Old Catalan: serviu

Old French: cerviz ⇒ cervele, chervele (Picard)

Middle French: cevich

Old Occitan: cervitz ⇒ cervigal

Ibero-Romance:

Portuguese: cerviz

Spanish: cerviz

Italo-Romance:

Italian: cervice

Sicilian: cirbici

Borrowings:

→ Catalan: cèrvix

→ Dutch: cervix

→ English: cervix

→ Malay: serviks

→ Portuguese: cérvice, cérvix

→ Romanian: cervix

→ Spanish: cervix

According to one hypothesis, from Proto-Italic *kerweyks, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱerh₂(s)weyk-s, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱerh₂-(s-) (“the head”) (compare cerebrum) and *weyk- (“to curve, bend”) (compare vinciō), literally “where the head turns”. De Vaan rejects this etymology, calling it "semantically very doubtful".

der

apta iugō cervīx nōn est feriendā secūrī:

The neck suitable for the yoke should not be struck by the axe:
may it live long and labor often in the hard soil.
(Agriculture dawns as Ceres teaches humans to yoke oxen to the plow and instead use other animals for sacrificial rites. See Ceres (mythology).)

levis odorato cervix manabit olivo

30 BCE – 16 BCE, Propertius, Elegies 3.17–18

Your smooth throat glistening with scented oil
the flowing robe will brush your naked feet.


pleura

la-noun

pleura f (genitive pleurae); first declension

pleurae (genitive)
pleura (nominative singular)
pleurae (nominative plural)
pleurae (genitive singular)
pleurārum (genitive plural)
pleurae (dative singular)
pleurīs (dative plural)
pleuram (accusative singular)
pleurās (accusative plural)
pleurā (ablative singular)
pleurīs (ablative plural)
pleura (singular vocative)
pleurae (plural vocative)

→ English: pleura

→ French: pleura

→ Italian: pleura

→ Portuguese: pleura

→ Spanish: pleura

From Ancient Greek πλευρᾱ́ (pleurā́, “a rib, a side of something”).


thymus

la-noun

thymus m (genitive thymī); second declension

thymī (genitive)
thymus (nominative singular)
thymī (nominative plural)
thymī (genitive singular)
thymōrum (genitive plural)
thymō (dative singular)
thymīs (dative plural)
thymum (accusative singular)
thymōs (accusative plural)
thymō (ablative singular)
thymīs (ablative plural)
thyme (singular vocative)
thymī (plural vocative)

→ English: thymus

From Ancient Greek θύμος (thúmos, “warty excrescence”, “thymus gland”).


boa

boae (genitive)
boa (nominative singular)
boae (nominative plural)
boae (genitive singular)
boārum (genitive plural)
boae (dative singular)
boīs (dative plural)
boam (accusative singular)
boās (accusative plural)
boā (ablative singular)
boīs (ablative plural)
boa (singular vocative)
boae (plural vocative)

First mentioned by Pliny, of unknown origin. Folk etymology connected it to Ancient Greek βοῦς (boûs, “ox”).

unk

unknown


lien

la-noun

liēn m (genitive liēnis); third declension

liēn (canonical masculine)
liēnis (genitive)
liēn (nominative singular)
liēnēs (nominative plural)
liēnis (genitive singular)
liēnum (genitive plural)
liēnī (dative singular)
liēnibus (dative plural)
liēnem (accusative singular)
liēnēs (accusative plural)
liēne (ablative singular)
liēnibus (ablative plural)
liēn (singular vocative)
liēnēs (plural vocative)

desc

→ English: lien, lieno-; ⇒ lienal, lienic

→ Esperanto: lieno

→ Romanian: lien

From Proto-Indo-European, reflecting a form *(s)li(ǵʰ)-ēn-, from the root *spelǵʰ- (“spleen”), heavily distorted in all of its descendants, likely for tabooistic reasons, making the exact original PIE form hard to pin down. The newly introduced -i- is seemingly also found in the Sanskrit cognate प्लीहन् (plīhán), the fall of *-h- < *-ǵʰ- is also observed in Ancient Greek σπλήν (splḗn), while the loss of *-p- is also visible in Proto-Slavic *selzenь.
Other cognates include Middle Irish selg, Lithuanian blužnis, Old Armenian փայծաղն (pʻaycałn), Avestan 𐬯𐬞𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬰𐬀𐬥- (spər^əzan-). Doublet of splēn.


rumen

la-noun

rūmen n (genitive rūminis); third declension

rūmen (canonical neuter)
rūminis (genitive)
rūmen (nominative singular)
rūmina (nominative plural)
rūminis (genitive singular)
rūminum (genitive plural)
rūminī (dative singular)
rūminibus (dative plural)
rūmen (accusative singular)
rūmina (accusative plural)
rūmine (ablative singular)
rūminibus (ablative plural)
rūmen (singular vocative)
rūmina (plural vocative)

→ Catalan: rumen

→ English: rumen

From Proto-Italic *roug(s)mən ~ *rug(s)mən, of somewhat disputed origin. Probably from the root of *rūgō + -men, attested in ērūgō, rūctō (“I belch”) and rugiō (“I roar, rumble, bray”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rewg-, *h₁rewǵ- (“to belch”).
Cognate with Ancient Greek ἐρεύγομαι (ereúgomai, “I spew out, discharge, belch, bellow”), Old Armenian ործամ (orcam, “I vomit, am nauseated”), Proto-Germanic *reukaną (“to smoke, emit vapor”) (modern English reek).
Alternatively from Proto-Indo-European *sréwmn̥, from the root *srew- (“to flow”). See also Rōma and flūmen, which are sometimes hypothesized as from the same source.
A third possibility is a relationship with Etruscan 𐌓𐌖𐌌 (rum, “teat”). If not coincidental, it may be equally likely that the Etruscan word was borrowed from Latin.

etymon

rūmen

cog

(anatomy) rumen (first stomach of a ruminant)


lac

la-noun

lac n sg (genitive lactis); third declension

lactis (genitive)
lac (nominative singular)
lactis (genitive singular)
lactī (dative singular)
lac (accusative singular)
lacte (ablative singular)
lac (singular vocative)

Late Latin: lactis (see there for further descendants)

→⇒ English: lactic, lact(o)-

→ Esperanto: lakto

Ido: lakto

→ Interlingua: lacte

From lact by simplification of a word-final sequence of two plosives (the variant nominative/accusative form lacte shows the addition of a vowel as an alternative). The etymology is controversial: there is no consensus on the cognate set, the manner of descent (inheritance vs. borrowing), or the form and ultimate origin of the etymon. Possible cognates include Ancient Greek γάλα, γᾰ́λᾰκτ-/γᾰ́λᾰκ- (gála, gálakt-/gálak-, “milk”), Old Armenian կաթն (katʻn, “milk”) (or perhaps only its variant form Old Armenian *կաղց (*kałcʻ), reconstructed as the ancestor of modern dialectal Armenian կախց (kaxcʻ)) Hittite 𒂵𒆷𒀝𒋻 (galaktar, “balm, resin”), Albanian dhallë (“buttermilk”), Romanian zară (“buttermilk”) and Waigali zōr (“milk”).
More information
Pokorny reconstructs the Latin and Greek words as inherited from Proto-Indo-European *glakt n from a root *glag- or *glak-. De Vaan derives the Latin, Greek and Armenian forms from Proto-Indo-European *gl̥gt-, and follows Meiser in explaining the loss of initial *g- in Latin as a result of long-distance dissimilation. Per Nielsen, the Latin and Greek words can be derived from *glakt-, Old Armenian *կաղց (*kałcʻ) can be derived from *g(a)l(ḱ)t- (requiring an initial non-palatal velar), and Albanian dhallë can perhaps be derived from *ǵal(K)- (requiring an initial palatal velar); on the basis of the variability in the initial consonant and the unusual root structure, Nielsen considers the root to be non-Indo-European in origin.
There have been attempts to derive the word instead from the root *h₂melǵ- (“milk”).
* Garnier, Sagart and Sagot 2017 cite Garnier 2016's reconstruction of a verb *ambĭ-blactāre (“to milk with both hands”) > *amblactāre, supposing this was subsequently reanalyzed as *amb-lactāre and lost the prefix to yield the attested verb lactāre. The noun lac(t) would then derive by back-formation from the verb lactāre.

cog

γάλα, γᾰ́λᾰκτ-/γᾰ́λᾰκ-

Lac herbae.

cum lacte veneni.

c. 1st century BCE, Anonymous (formerly misattributed to Ovid), Nux
Lamina mollis adhuc tenero dum lacte, quod intro est,
nec mala sunt ulli nostra futura bono.
As their nutshell still remains soft with something tenderly milky inside,

my future fruits are not good to anyone.


talus

la-noun

tālus m (genitive tālī); second declension

tālus (canonical masculine)
tālī (genitive)
tālus (nominative singular)
tālī (nominative plural)
tālī (genitive singular)
tālōrum (genitive plural)
tālō (dative singular)
tālīs (dative plural)
tālum (accusative singular)
tālōs (accusative plural)
tālō (ablative singular)
tālīs (ablative plural)
tāle (singular vocative)
tālī (plural vocative)

English: talus

⇒ Vulgar Latin: *talonis

desctree

Old French: talon
French: talon
Norman: talon (Jersey)
→ Middle English: taloun
English: talon

Italian: tallone

Italian: talo

⇒ Italian: talismo

→ Portuguese: tálus

[ˈt̪äːɫ̪ʊs̠]

From Proto-Italic *tākslos, with multiple theories proposed:
* Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *téh₂g-s-los, from *teh₂g- (“to touch”) (whence tangō).
* Alternatively, cognate with Sanskrit तल (tala, “plane, surface”).
* From *steh₂- (“to stand”) + *-tleh₂/*-dʰleh₂ (instrument noun suffix), and directly cognate with Welsh sawdl (“heel”). This is phonetically difficult, as it requires an s-less variant of *steh₂-, as well as addition of an unknown and arbitrary suffix *-k-.

(anatomy) the ankle or anklebone (of animals), talus; knucklebone


tenon

la-noun

tenōn m (genitive tenontis); third declension

tenōn (canonical masculine)
tenontis (genitive)
tenōn (nominative singular)
tenontēs (nominative plural)
tenontis (genitive singular)
tenontum (genitive plural)
tenontī (dative singular)
tenontibus (dative plural)
tenontem (accusative singular)
tenontēs (accusative plural)
tenonte (ablative singular)
tenontibus (ablative plural)
tenōn (singular vocative)
tenontēs (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek τένων (ténōn). Doublet of tendō, a later borrowing.


tibia

tībia f (genitive tībiae); first declension

tībia (canonical feminine)
tībiae (genitive)
tībia (nominative singular)
tībiae (nominative plural)
tībiae (genitive singular)
tībiārum (genitive plural)
tībiae (dative singular)
tībiīs (dative plural)
tībiam (accusative singular)
tībiās (accusative plural)
tībiā (ablative singular)
tībiīs (ablative plural)
tībia (singular vocative)
tībiae (plural vocative)

French: tige

→ Catalan: tija

Piedmontese: tija

Borrowings:

→ Catalan: tíbia

→ English: tibia

→ French: tibia

→ Italian: tibia

→ Polish: tibia

→ Portuguese: tíbia

→ Romanian: tibia

→ Spanish: tibia

Meaning may have evolved from "stalk, reed pipe" to shinbone, the latter being used by Pliny and later authors; flutes were originally made from shinbones. Possibly connected to Ancient Greek σίφων (síphōn, “siphon, tube”), the irregular forms suggesting a non-Indo-European loan or substrate source, perhaps in *twi-. There are no solid IE cognates outside of the Greek word.

cog

(anatomy) the large shin bone, tibia; leg


diabetes

la-noun

diabētēs m (genitive diabētae); first declension

diabētēs (canonical masculine)
diabētae (genitive)
diabētēs (nominative singular)
diabētae (nominative plural)
diabētae (genitive singular)
diabētārum (genitive plural)
diabētae (dative singular)
diabētīs (dative plural)
diabētēn (accusative singular)
diabētās (accusative plural)
diabētē (ablative singular)
diabētīs (ablative plural)
diabētē (singular vocative)
diabētae (plural vocative)

→ English: diabetes

Borrowing from Ancient Greek δῐᾰβήτης (diabḗtēs, “siphon; diabetes”), from δῐᾰβαίνω (diabaínō, “to step across, pass over”) + -της (-tēs, “-er, -or”, agent noun suffix).


glans

la-noun

glāns f (genitive glandis); third declension

glāns (canonical feminine)
glandis (genitive)
glāns (nominative singular)
glandēs (nominative plural)
glandis (genitive singular)
glandum (genitive plural)
glandī (dative singular)
glandibus (dative plural)
glandem (accusative singular)
glandēs (accusative plural)
glande (ablative singular)
glandibus (ablative plural)
glāns (singular vocative)
glandēs (plural vocative)

Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: gljindã

Romanian: ghindă

Italo-Romance:

Italian: ghianda, ajjanna (Reati)

Sicilian: ghianna

Calabrian: aghianda

Padanian:

Friulian: gland, glant

Ladin: gian

Piedmontese: giand, agian, gianda

desc

Romansch: glogn, glonda, galonda, glanda

Northern Gallo-Romance:

Franco-Provençal: glland, agllan, allan, llan

Valdôtain: llande, llan

Old French: glant, glande

French: gland, glande

Southern Gallo-Romance:

Aragonese: glan

Belsetán: lan

Ribagorçan: llan

Old Catalan: glan, aglan

Catalan: gla, aglá

Old Occitan: glan, aglan

Occitan: agland (silent ⟨d⟩)

Gascon: gland

Vivaro-Alpine: gland, alhand

Ibero-Romance:

Asturian: llande

Portuguese: lande

Spanish: lande (Álava), llande (regional?)

Insular Romance:

Sardinian:

Campidanese: landi

Logudorese: lande, landa

Nuorese: grande, lande, lanne

Vulgar Latin: glandinis

Neapolitan: ghialne (Andria)

Piedmontese: giandr

Sardinian: landiri (Campidanese)

Spanish: landre

Borrowings:

→ Catalan: gland

→ English: gland, glans

→ French: glande

→ Galician: glande

→ Italian: glande

→ Portuguese: glande

→ Romanian: gland

→ Russian: гла́нды (glándy)

→ Spanish: glande

From Proto-Italic *glānts, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷelh₂- (“acorn”).

(transferred sense)
(anatomy) the glans penis


saliva

la-noun

salīva f (genitive salīvae); first declension

salīva (canonical feminine)
salīvae (genitive)
salīva (nominative singular)
salīvae (nominative plural)
salīvae (genitive singular)
salīvārum (genitive plural)
salīvae (dative singular)
salīvīs (dative plural)
salīvam (accusative singular)
salīvās (accusative plural)
salīvā (ablative singular)
salīvīs (ablative plural)
salīva (singular vocative)
salīvae (plural vocative)

Catalan: saliva

English: saliva

French: salive

Galician: seiva (archaic), saliva

Italian: saliva, scialiva

Occitan: saliva

→ Old Irish: saile

Irish: seile

Scottish Gaelic: seile

Piedmontese: saliva

Portuguese: saliva

Romanian: salivă

Sicilian: saliva

Spanish: saliva

Swedish: saliv

[s̠äˈlʲiːu̯ä]

Unknown. Perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *solH- (compare Irish salach (“dirty”), Welsh halog, English sallow, Russian соло́вый (solóvyj, “cream-colored”)). May alternatively be of independent expressive/onomatopoeic origin; compare Ancient Greek σίαλον (síalon).


ulna

la-noun

ulna f (genitive ulnae); first declension

ulnae (genitive)
ulna (nominative singular)
ulnae (nominative plural)
ulnae (genitive singular)
ulnārum (genitive plural)
ulnae (dative singular)
ulnīs (dative plural)
ulnam (accusative singular)
ulnās (accusative plural)
ulnā (ablative singular)
ulnīs (ablative plural)
ulna (singular vocative)
ulnae (plural vocative)

→? Proto-Albanian: *ulnā

→ Catalan: ulna (learned)

→ English: ulna

→ Galician: ulna (learned)

→ Italian: ulna (learned)

→ Portuguese: ulna (learned)

→ Spanish: ulna (learned)

From Proto-Italic *olenā, presumably from Proto-Indo-European *Heh₃l(e)n-, from the root *Heh₃l- (“to bend”), although this reconstruction remains uncertain. Related to Old Armenian ուլն (uln, “neck”), Gothic 𐌰𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰 (aleina, “cubit”), Old Church Slavonic ланита (lanita, “cheek”), Ancient Greek ὠλένη (ōlénē, “elbow”), Sanskrit अणि (aṇi, “the point of a needle”), Albanian llërë (“upper arm”), Welsh elin (“forearm; elbow”).


ranula

la-noun

rānula f (genitive rānulae); first declension

rānula (canonical feminine)
rānulae (genitive)
rānula (nominative singular)
rānulae (nominative plural)
rānulae (genitive singular)
rānulārum (genitive plural)
rānulae (dative singular)
rānulīs (dative plural)
rānulam (accusative singular)
rānulās (accusative plural)
rānulā (ablative singular)
rānulīs (ablative plural)
rānula (singular vocative)
rānulae (plural vocative)

→ English: ranula

From rāna (“a frog”) + -ula (diminutive suffix).

af

(transferred sense, post-classical, pathology) A little swelling on the tongue of cattle.


supercilium

la-noun

supercilium n (genitive superciliī or supercilī); second declension

superciliī (genitive)
supercilī (genitive)
supercilium (nominative singular)
supercilia (nominative plural)
superciliī (genitive singular)
supercilī (genitive singular)
superciliōrum (genitive plural)
superciliō (dative singular)
superciliīs (dative plural)
supercilium (accusative singular)
supercilia (accusative plural)
superciliō (ablative singular)
superciliīs (ablative plural)
supercilium (singular vocative)
supercilia (plural vocative)

Aromanian: sprindzeanã

Catalan: sobrecella

Corsican: sopracigliu

French: sourcil

Friulian: sorecee

Italian: sopracciglio

Norman: soucile

Occitan: subrecilha

desctree

Old Galician-Portuguese: sobrencelha, sobrancelha
Galician: sobrecella
Portuguese: sobrancelha

Romanian: sprânceană

Romansch: survantscheglia

Sicilian: supraccigghiu

Spanish: sobreceja, sobrecejo

Borrowings:

→ English: supercilium

→ Portuguese: supercílio

[s̠ʊpɛrˈkɪlʲiʊ̃ˑ]

From super- (“above, over”) + cilium (“an eyelid”).

af

(anatomy, usually in the plural) The eyebrow.

The prominent part of a thing, the brow, ridge, summit.


mentum

la-noun

mentum n (genitive mentī); second declension

mentī (genitive)
mentum (nominative singular)
menta (nominative plural)
mentī (genitive singular)
mentōrum (genitive plural)
mentō (dative singular)
mentīs (dative plural)
mentum (accusative singular)
menta (accusative plural)
mentō (ablative singular)
mentīs (ablative plural)
mentum (singular vocative)
menta (plural vocative)

Vulgar Latin: *mentō, *mentōnem

Italo-Romance:

Italian: mento

Sicilian: mentu

Gallo-Italic:

Ligurian: manton, menton

Piedmontese: manton, menton

Gallo-Romance:

desctree

Old French: menton, mentun
French: menton
→ English: menton
→ Esperanto: mentono
Ido: mentono
→ Spanish: mentón

Occitano-Romance:

Catalan: mentó

Occitan: menton

→ English: mentum (learned)

→ Portuguese: mento (learned)

[ˈmɛn̪t̪ʊ̃ˑ]

From Proto-Italic *mentom, from Proto-Indo-European *men-to-, from *men- (“to project”). Cognate with Proto-Germanic *munþaz.

nosco crinis incanaque menta regis Romani primam qui legibus urbem fundabit, Curibus paruis et paupere terra missus in imperium magnum.

(literally) the chin; the chin with the hair that grows on it; the beard

Reliqua spatia, quod latiores sint metopae quam triglyphi, pura relinquantur aut numina scalpantur, ad ipsumque mentum coronae incidatur linea quae scotia dicitur.

c. 15 BCE, Vitruvius, De architectura 4.3.6

(transferred sense, architecture) the projecting part of a cornice casting off the rain, the coping


diaphoresis

la-noun

diaphorēsis f (genitive diaphorēsis or diaphorēseōs or diaphorēsios); third declension

diaphorēsis (canonical feminine)
diaphorēsis (genitive)
diaphorēseōs (genitive)
diaphorēsios (genitive)
diaphorēsis (nominative singular)
diaphorēsēs (nominative plural)
diaphorēseis (nominative plural)
diaphorēsis (genitive singular)
diaphorēseōs (genitive singular)
diaphorēsios (genitive singular)
diaphorēsium (genitive plural)
diaphorēsī (dative singular)
diaphorēsibus (dative plural)
diaphorēsim (accusative singular)
diaphorēsin (accusative singular)
diaphorēsem (accusative singular)
diaphorēsēs (accusative plural)
diaphorēsīs (accusative plural)
diaphorēsī (ablative singular)
diaphorēse (ablative singular)
diaphorēsibus (ablative plural)
diaphorēsis (singular vocative)
diaphorēsi (singular vocative)
diaphorēsēs (plural vocative)
diaphorēseis (plural vocative)

→ English: diaphoresis

Borrowed from Ancient Greek δῐᾰφόρησῐς (diaphórēsis, “evaporation, dissipation”), from δῐᾰφορέω (diaphoréō, “to dissipate by evaporation or perspiration”) + -σῐς (-sis, action noun suffix).


fel

la-noun

fel n (genitive fellis); third declension

fellis (genitive)
fel (nominative singular)
fella (nominative plural)
fellis (genitive singular)
fellium (genitive plural)
fellum (genitive plural)
fellī (dative singular)
fellibus (dative plural)
fel (accusative singular)
fella (accusative plural)
felle (ablative singular)
fellibus (ablative plural)
fel (singular vocative)
fella (plural vocative)

Vulgar Latin: *felem m or f (see there for further descendants)

Uncertain. Either from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰelh₃- (“green”), or from *bʰel-, *bʰl̥H- (“yellow”). *ǵʰ- > f- instead of the expected *h- is explained as being regular in some dialects. Cognates through the first etymon include holus and helvus; Ancient Greek χολή (kholḗ, “bile”) and χλωρός (khlōrós, “green”); and English yellow and gold.


auxilium

auxilium n (genitive auxiliī or auxilī); second declension

auxiliī (genitive)
auxilī (genitive)
auxilium (nominative singular)
auxilia (nominative plural)
auxiliī (genitive singular)
auxilī (genitive singular)
auxiliōrum (genitive plural)
auxiliō (dative singular)
auxiliīs (dative plural)
auxilium (accusative singular)
auxilia (accusative plural)
auxiliō (ablative singular)
auxiliīs (ablative plural)
auxilium (singular vocative)
auxilia (plural vocative)

→ Catalan: auxili (learned)

Italian: ausilio

→ Portuguese: auxílio (learned)

→ Spanish: auxilio (learned)

[äu̯kˈs̠ɪlʲiʊ̃ˑ]


digitus

digitus m (genitive digitī); second declension

digitī (genitive)
digitus (nominative singular)
digitī (nominative plural)
digitī (genitive singular)
digitōrum (genitive plural)
digitō (dative singular)
digitīs (dative plural)
digitum (accusative singular)
digitōs (accusative plural)
digitō (ablative singular)
digitīs (ablative plural)
digite (singular vocative)
digitī (plural vocative)

Eastern Romance

desc

Aromanian: dzeadzit, dzeadit, deadzit, deazit, dezet, dzedzut

Istro-Romanian: žåžet

Megleno-Romanian: zeazit, zęzit

Romanian: deget

Gallo-Italic

Ligurian: dîo

Lombard: did, di

Piedmontese: di

Romagnol: dòit

Italo-Dalmatian

Corsican: ditu

Dalmatian: detco, detro, declo, det

Italian: dito

Neapolitan: dito

Sicilian: jìditu, jitu

desctree

Old French: doit
Angevin: daigt
Lorrain: dogt
Middle French: doigt
French: doigt
Haitian Creole: dwèt
Norman: deigt, dé
Picard: doét
Walloon: doet

Old Occitan:

Catalan: dit

Occitan: det, dit

Rhaeto-Romance

Friulian: dêt

Romansch: det

Sardinian: didu

Venetan: déo

West Iberian

Aragonese: dido

Asturian: deu, dedu, didu

Mirandese: dedo

Old Galician-Portuguese: dedo
Fala: deu
Galician: dedo
Portuguese: dedo (see there for further descendants)

Old Spanish: dedo

Ladino: dedo

Spanish: dedo

→ Catalan: dígit

→ Middle English: digit, digite, digitus
English: digit

→ Portuguese: dígito

→ Spanish: dígito

[ˈd̪ɪɡɪt̪ʊs̠]

Traditionally derived from Proto-Italic *digitos, from Proto-Indo-European *deyǵ- (“to show, point out, pronounce solemnly”), variant of the root *deyḱ- that also gave Latin dīcō (“I say, speak talk”) and English toe (though De Vaan is skeptical due to the presumed phonetic processes resulting in the change of a ḱ- to a ǵ- having no other examples in Latin). Fingers were thus "pointers, indicators". The "digit" sense comes from the fact that they were used for counting up to ten.
Indo-European cognates include Sanskrit दिशति (diśáti, “to show, point out”), Ancient Greek δείκνυμι (deíknumi, “to show”), δίκη (díkē, “manner, custom”), Old English tǣċan (“to show, point out”) (English teach) and tācen (English token). The relation to Ancient Greek δᾰ́κτῠλος (dáktulos, “finger”) is unclear, particularly as the latter term's phonetics suggest a substrate origin.
Compare similar semantic shift in English in the cognate word teacher (“forefinger, index finger”).


larynx

la-noun

larynx f (genitive laryngis); third declension

laryngis (genitive)
larynx (nominative singular)
laryngēs (nominative plural)
laryngis (genitive singular)
laryngum (genitive plural)
laryngī (dative singular)
laryngibus (dative plural)
laryngem (accusative singular)
laryngēs (accusative plural)
larynge (ablative singular)
laryngibus (ablative plural)
larynx (singular vocative)
laryngēs (plural vocative)

→ English: larynx

→ French: larynx

[ˈɫ̪ärʏŋks̠]

Borrowed from Ancient Greek λᾰ́ρῠγξ (lárunx, “larynx, upper part of the windpipe”).


pectus

la-noun

pectus n (genitive pectoris); third declension

pectoris (genitive)
pectus (nominative singular)
pectora (nominative plural)
pectoris (genitive singular)
pectorum (genitive plural)
pectorī (dative singular)
pectoribus (dative plural)
pectus (accusative singular)
pectora (accusative plural)
pectore (ablative singular)
pectoribus (ablative plural)
pectus (singular vocative)
pectora (plural vocative)

Aragonese: peito

Aromanian: cheptu, chieptu

Asturian: pechu

Catalan: pit

French: pis, poitrine

Friulian: pet

Istriot: pitto

Istro-Romanian: kľept, chiept

Italian: petto

→ Spanish: peto

Megleno-Romanian: kľept, chiept

Occitan: pitre, pièch

Piedmontese: pèt, pècc

Old Galician-Portuguese: peito

Galician: peito

Portuguese: peito (see there for further descendants)

Romanian: piept

Romansch: pet, pèz

desc

Sardinian: pettus, petorra, peturra, piturra

Sicilian: pettu

Spanish: pecho

Venetan: peto

From Proto-Italic *pektos, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *peg- (“breast”). Cognate with Old Irish ucht.

(figuratively) heart, breast, as the seat of emotion

person, individual (as a being of passion)


mamma

la-noun

mamma f (genitive mammae); first declension

mammae (genitive)
mamma (nominative singular)
mammae (nominative plural)
mammae (genitive singular)
mammārum (genitive plural)
mammae (dative singular)
mammīs (dative plural)
mammam (accusative singular)
mammās (accusative plural)
mammā (ablative singular)
mammīs (ablative plural)
mamma (singular vocative)
mammae (plural vocative)

Aromanian: mamã

→ English: mamma

French: maman

Portuguese: mamã

Ido: mama

→ Irish: mama

→ Galician: mama

Istriot: mama

Italian: mamma

Megleno-Romanian: mamă

Mozarabic: ממה (mmh)

Neapolitan: mamma

Old Galician-Portuguese: mamoa (from mammula)

Galician: mámoa

Portuguese: mamoa

→ Portuguese: mama

Romanian: mamă

Romansch: mamma, mama, mumma, moma

Sardinian: mama, mamma, immamma

Spanish: mama

Uncertain. Either a native childish term of onomatopoeic origin, or borrowed from Ancient Greek μάμμη (mámmē).

mammam dare

to give someone the breast, to suckle someone

Puero isti date mammam.

Give that boy of yours your breast [i.e. suckle him].

mammam sugere


scrotum

scrōtum n (genitive scrōtī); second declension

scrōtum (canonical neuter)
scrōtī (genitive)
scrōtum (nominative singular)
scrōta (nominative plural)
scrōtī (genitive singular)
scrōtōrum (genitive plural)
scrōtō (dative singular)
scrōtīs (dative plural)
scrōtum (accusative singular)
scrōta (accusative plural)
scrōtō (ablative singular)
scrōtīs (ablative plural)
scrōtum (singular vocative)
scrōta (plural vocative)

→ Albanian: skrotum

→ Aragonese: escroto

→ Asturian: escrotu

→ Catalan: escrot

→ Galician: escroto

→ Danish: skrotum

→ Dutch: scrotum

→ English: scrotum

→ French: scrotum

→ German: Skrotum

→ Italian: scroto

→ Macedonian: скротум (skrotum)

→ Norwegian: skrotum

→ Portuguese: escroto

→ Romanian: scrot

→ Sicilian: scrotu

→ Spanish: escroto
→ Tagalog: eskroto

→ Slovak: skrótum

→ Slovene: skrotum

→ Swedish: scrotum, skrotum

→ Turkish: skrotum

→ Welsh: sgrotwm

[ˈs̠kroːt̪ʊ̃ˑ]

From Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to cut”). See also Latin scortum, scrautum, corium, Proto-Germanic *skeraną (whence English shear), Ancient Greek κείρω (keírō, “I cut off”), Albanian harr (“to cut, to mow”), Lithuanian skìrti (“separate”), Welsh ysgar (“separate”), Old Armenian քերեմ (kʻerem, “to scrape, scratch”).

cog

Scrōtum est membrum gignendī hominis et animālis in fōrmam saccī, quod testēs continet et prōtegit.

The scrotum is a human and animal body part for procreation in the form of a sack, which contains and protects the testes.


retina

la-noun

rētīna f (genitive rētīnae); first declension

rētīna (canonical feminine)
rētīnae (genitive)
rētīna (nominative singular)
rētīnae (nominative plural)
rētīnae (genitive singular)
rētīnārum (genitive plural)
rētīnae (dative singular)
rētīnīs (dative plural)
rētīnam (accusative singular)
rētīnās (accusative plural)
rētīnā (ablative singular)
rētīnīs (ablative plural)
rētīna (singular vocative)
rētīnae (plural vocative)

→ Middle English: rethina

English: retina

Ellipsis of tunica rētīna (“a net-like tunic”), referring to the fibrillar texture of the eye's retina. The phrase is attested since at least the 12th century, and this noun usage since the 13th c.

Et dicit Avicenna quarto de Animalibus, quod retina ducit nutrimentum secundum veritatem ad partes oculi

13th c., Roger Bacon, Opus maius 5.1.2.3

And Avicenna says in his fourth book on Animals that the retina actually takes nutrients to the parts of the eye

(Medieval Latin, anatomy) the retina of an eye


asthma

asthma n (genitive asthmatis); third declension

asthmatis (genitive)
asthma (nominative singular)
asthmata (nominative plural)
asthmatis (genitive singular)
asthmatum (genitive plural)
asthmatī (dative singular)
asthmatibus (dative plural)
asthma (accusative singular)
asthmata (accusative plural)
asthmate (ablative singular)
asthmatibus (ablative plural)
asthma (singular vocative)
asthmata (plural vocative)

Asturian: asma

Catalan: asma

desctree

French: asthme
→ Romanian: astmă
→ Turkish: astım
→ Persian: آسم (âsm)

Italian: asma

Spanish: asma

→ Polish: astma

→ Dutch: astma
Afrikaans: asma
→ Indonesian: asma

→ Hungarian: asztma


gula

la-noun

gula f (genitive gulae); first declension

gulae (genitive)
gula (nominative singular)
gulae (nominative plural)
gulae (genitive singular)
gulārum (genitive plural)
gulae (dative singular)
gulīs (dative plural)
gulam (accusative singular)
gulās (accusative plural)
gulā (ablative singular)
gulīs (ablative plural)
gula (singular vocative)
gulae (plural vocative)

Aromanian: gurã

Catalan: gola

Corsican: gola, vola

Dalmatian: gaula

Old Francoprovençal: gola

Franco-Provençal: gola

Savoyard: guèla

Bressan: gueula

Old French: goule, guele

Middle French: gueule

French: gueule, French: goulu, goule (dialectal)

Angevin: goule

Norman: dgeule, goule

Picard: dgeule (Amiens)

→ Middle English: golet

English: gullet

desctree

⇒ English: gully
→ French: gollé
→ German: Gully

Friulian: gole

Galician: gola

Italian: gola

Lombard: gola, gora

Megleno-Romanian: gură

Portuguese: gola, ⇒ goela (from the diminutive *gulella)

→ Portuguese: gula

Romanian: gură

Romansch: gula

Sicilian: gula, ula

Spanish: gola

→ Spanish: gula

Venetan: goła, gola

Walloon: gueuye

Byzantine Greek: γούλα (goúla)

Greek: γουλιά (gouliá)

From Proto-Indo-European *gʷoleh₂, from *gʷel- (“throat”).
Cognate with Bengali গলা (gola, “throat”), Old Armenian կուլ- (kul-), Russian глотка (glotka, “throat”), Persian گلو (“throat”), Urdu گلا (“throat”) and Northern Kurdish gewrî, gerû (“throat”).


cranium

la-noun

crānium n (genitive crāniī or crānī); second declension

crānium (canonical neuter)
crāniī (genitive)
crānī (genitive)
crānium (nominative singular)
crānia (nominative plural)
crāniī (genitive singular)
crānī (genitive singular)
crāniōrum (genitive plural)
crāniō (dative singular)
crāniīs (dative plural)
crānium (accusative singular)
crānia (accusative plural)
crāniō (ablative singular)
crāniīs (ablative plural)
crānium (singular vocative)
crānia (plural vocative)

→ Asturian: craniu

→ Catalan: crani

→ Danish: kranium, kranie

→ Dutch: cranium

→ English: cranium

→ Esperanto: kranio

→ French: crâne

→ German: Kranium

→ Galician: cranio

→ Ido: kranio

→ Interlingua: cranio

→ Italian: cranio

→ Kabuverdianu: kraniu

→ Malay: kranium

→ Norman: cranne

→ Norwegian Bokmål: kranium, kranie

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: kranium, kranie

→ Portuguese: crânio

→ Romanian: craniu

→ Spanish: cráneo

→ Swedish: kranium, kranie

[ˈkräːniʊ̃ˑ]

Earliest attestation c. 1190, from Ancient Greek κρᾱνίον (krāníon, “upper part of the head, skull”).


pharynx

la-noun

pharynx f (genitive pharyngis); third declension

pharyngis (genitive)
pharynx (nominative singular)
pharyngēs (nominative plural)
pharyngis (genitive singular)
pharyngum (genitive plural)
pharyngī (dative singular)
pharyngibus (dative plural)
pharyngem (accusative singular)
pharyngēs (accusative plural)
pharynge (ablative singular)
pharyngibus (ablative plural)
pharynx (singular vocative)
pharyngēs (plural vocative)

→ English: pharynx

[ˈpʰärʏŋks̠]

Borrowing from Ancient Greek φᾰ́ρῠγξ (phárunx, “throat, gullet”).


glaucoma

la-noun

glaucōma n (genitive glaucōmatis); third declension

glaucōma (canonical neuter)
glaucōmatis (genitive)
glaucōma (nominative singular)
glaucōmata (nominative plural)
glaucōmatis (genitive singular)
glaucōmatum (genitive plural)
glaucōmatī (dative singular)
glaucōmatibus (dative plural)
glaucōma (accusative singular)
glaucōmata (accusative plural)
glaucōmate (ablative singular)
glaucōmatibus (ablative plural)
glaucōma (singular vocative)
glaucōmata (plural vocative)

→ English: glaucoma

→ Finnish: glaukooma

→ French: glaucome (learned)

→ Italian: glaucoma (learned)

→ Portuguese: glaucoma (learned)

→ Spanish: glaucoma (learned)

[ɡɫ̪äu̯ˈkoːmä]

[ɡläu̯ˈkɔːmä]

dimming of the vitreous body in the eye, glaucoma


Bacchus

la-proper noun

Bacchus m (genitive Bacchī); second declension

Bacchī (genitive)
Bacchus (nominative singular)
Bacchī (nominative plural)
Bacchī (genitive singular)
Bacchōrum (genitive plural)
Bacchō (dative singular)
Bacchīs (dative plural)
Bacchum (accusative singular)
Bacchōs (accusative plural)
Bacchō (ablative singular)
Bacchīs (ablative plural)
Bacche (singular vocative)
Bacchī (plural vocative)

→ English: Bacchus (learned)

→ French: Bacchus (learned)

→ Italian: Bacco, bacco (learned)

→ Portuguese: Baco (learned)

→ Spanish: Baco (learned)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Βάκχος (Bákkhos).

bor+

Tum vīctū revocant vīrēs, fūsīque per herbamimplentur veteris Bacchī pinguisque ferīnae.

29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 1.214–215

Then they restore their strength with the provisions, and, stretched on the grass, they fill up on old wine and fat venison.


rufus

la-adj

rūfus (feminine rūfa, neuter rūfum); first/second-declension adjective

rūfus (canonical)
rūfa (feminine)
rūfum (neuter)
rūfus (masculine nominative singular)
rūfa (feminine nominative singular)
rūfum (neuter nominative singular)
rūfī (masculine nominative plural)
rūfae (feminine nominative plural)
rūfa (neuter nominative plural)
rūfī (genitive masculine singular)
rūfae (feminine genitive singular)
rūfī (genitive neuter singular)
rūfōrum (genitive masculine plural)
rūfārum (feminine genitive plural)
rūfōrum (genitive neuter plural)
rūfō (dative masculine singular)
rūfae (dative feminine singular)
rūfō (dative neuter singular)
rūfīs (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
rūfum (accusative masculine singular)
rūfam (accusative feminine singular)
rūfum (accusative neuter singular)
rūfōs (accusative masculine plural)
rūfās (accusative feminine plural)
rūfa (accusative neuter plural)
rūfō (ablative masculine singular)
rūfā (ablative feminine singular)
rūfō (ablative neuter singular)
rūfīs (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
rūfe (masculine singular vocative)
rūfa (feminine singular vocative)
rūfum (neuter singular vocative)
rūfī (masculine plural vocative)
rūfae (feminine plural vocative)
rūfa (neuter plural vocative)

>? Catalan: rúfol

→ English: rufous

Italian: rufo

Spanish: rufo

From Proto-Italic *rouðos. The medial -f- indicates a borrowing from a Sabellic language such as Oscan 𐌓𐌖𐌚𐌓𐌉𐌉𐌔 (rufriis), Umbrian 𐌓𐌖𐌚𐌓𐌖 (rufru), or from a sister variety such as Faliscan, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rewdʰ- (“red”). It might have penetrated urban Latin by virtue of the fact that it was used as an attribute for oxen sold in the markets in Rome. The word rōbus, which ended up being limited to oxen instead, represents the regular outcome of the same etymon.


birra

la-noun

birra f (genitive birrae); first declension

birrae (genitive)
birra (nominative singular)
birrae (nominative plural)
birrae (genitive singular)
birrārum (genitive plural)
birrae (dative singular)
birrīs (dative plural)
birram (accusative singular)
birrās (accusative plural)
birrā (ablative singular)
birrīs (ablative plural)
birra (singular vocative)
birrae (plural vocative)

1557, Scaliger, Iulius Caesar, Exotericarum exercitationum Liber XV, de subtilitate, ad Hieronymum Cardanum, section 87, pages 320–322:

1557, Scaliger, Iulius Caesar, Exotericarum exercitationum Liber XV, de subtilitate, ad Hieronymum Cardanum, section 153.5, pages 524–525:


vulva

vulva f (genitive vulvae); first declension

vulvae (genitive)
vulva (nominative singular)
vulvae (nominative plural)
vulvae (genitive singular)
vulvārum (genitive plural)
vulvae (dative singular)
vulvīs (dative plural)
vulvam (accusative singular)
vulvās (accusative plural)
vulvā (ablative singular)
vulvīs (ablative plural)
vulva (singular vocative)
vulvae (plural vocative)

From Proto-Indo-European *welH- (“to turn, wind”). Cognates include Sanskrit उल्ब (ulba).

der

Holonyms: verētrum, muliebria, pudenda, verenda, genitālia, partēs, membra, nātūra

(anatomy, chiefly Medieval Latin) the vagina (the external orifice of the female reproductive tract)


vas deferens

la-noun

vās dēferēns n (genitive vāsis dēferentis); third declension

vās dēferēns (canonical neuter)
vāsis dēferentis (genitive)
vās dēferēns (nominative singular)
vāsa dēferentia (nominative plural)
vāsis dēferentis (genitive singular)
vāsōrum dēferentium (genitive plural)
vāsī dēferentī (dative singular)
vāsīs dēferentibus (dative plural)
vās dēferēns (accusative singular)
vāsa dēferentia (accusative plural)
vāse dēferente (ablative singular)
vāse dēferentī (ablative singular)
vāsīs dēferentibus (ablative plural)
vās dēferēns (singular vocative)
vāsa dēferentia (plural vocative)

English: vas deferens


villus

villus m (genitive villī); second declension

villī (genitive)
villus (nominative singular)
villī (nominative plural)
villī (genitive singular)
villōrum (genitive plural)
villō (dative singular)
villīs (dative plural)
villum (accusative singular)
villōs (accusative plural)
villō (ablative singular)
villīs (ablative plural)
ville (singular vocative)
villī (plural vocative)

→ English: villus

Italian: villo, vello

Spanish: vello

Dant famulī manibus lymphās, Cereremque canistrīs

29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid I.701–702

The servants give the hands waters, and corn from wicker baskets
they deal, and bring towels of smooth hair.

expediunt, tōnsīsque ferunt mantēlia villīs.


umbilicus

umbilīcus m (genitive umbilīcī); second declension

umbilīcus (canonical masculine)
umbilīcī (genitive)
umbilīcus (nominative singular)
umbilīcī (nominative plural)
umbilīcī (genitive singular)
umbilīcōrum (genitive plural)
umbilīcō (dative singular)
umbilīcīs (dative plural)
umbilīcum (accusative singular)
umbilīcōs (accusative plural)
umbilīcō (ablative singular)
umbilīcīs (ablative plural)
umbilīce (singular vocative)
umbilīcī (plural vocative)

Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: buric, buricu

Istro-Romanian: buric

Megleno-Romanian: buric

Romanian: buric

Italo-Romance:

Italian: ombelico

Sicilian: viḍḍicu

Padanian:

Piedmontese: amburì

Venetan: bonigolo, bunigolo

Rhaeto-Romance:

Friulian: umbriçon, bugnigul

Romansch: umbli

Island Romance:

Sardinian: imbílicu, imbírigu

Gallo-Romance:

Franco-Provençal: amborel

Oïl:

desctree

⇒ Old French: nonbril (rebracketed)
Middle French: nombril
French: nombril
→ English: nombril
Norman: nombrîn (Jersey), naombrin (Guernsey), nõmbri (Sark), oumbril

Oc:

Occitan: embonilh, embonígol, monilh

desc

⇒ Old Catalan: [Term?], lombrigol (rebracketed)

Catalan: melic, llombrígol

Ibero-Romance:

Asturian: embeligru, ombligu

Leonese: embeligo, embeligro, embrigo

Mirandese: ambelhigo, umbelhigo

Old Galician-Portuguese: ẽbijgo, umbiigo

Galician: embigo

Portuguese: umbigo

Spanish: ombligo

→ English: umbilicus

→ French: ombilic

→ Interlingua: umbilico

→ Italian: umbilico

→ Romanian: umbilic

From Proto-Indo-European *h₃nóbʰōl (“navel”).


ulcus

la-noun

ulcus n (genitive ulceris); third declension

ulceris (genitive)
ulcus (nominative singular)
ulcera (nominative plural)
ulceris (genitive singular)
ulcerum (genitive plural)
ulcerī (dative singular)
ulceribus (dative plural)
ulcus (accusative singular)
ulcera (accusative plural)
ulcere (ablative singular)
ulceribus (ablative plural)
ulcus (singular vocative)
ulcera (plural vocative)

→ Catalan: úlcera

→ English: ulcus

Galician: úcera

Italian: ulcera

desctree

Old French: ulcere
Middle French: ulcere
French: ulcère
→ Persian: اولسر (ulser)
→ Romanian: ulcer
→ Turkish: ülser
→ English: ulcer

Spanish: úlcera

Portuguese: úlcera

From earlier *olcos, from Proto-Italic *elkos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁élḱos (“wound, illness, ulcer”), from the root *h₁elḱ-; compare Ancient Greek ἕλκος (hélkos, “wound, ulcer”), Old Norse illr (“bad, sick”), Sanskrit अर्शस् (árśas, “hemorrhoids”).


thorax

la-noun

thōrax m (genitive thōrācis); third declension

thōrax (canonical masculine)
thōrācis (genitive)
thōrax (nominative singular)
thōrācēs (nominative plural)
thōrācis (genitive singular)
thōrācum (genitive plural)
thōrācī (dative singular)
thōrācibus (dative plural)
thōrācem (accusative singular)
thōrācēs (accusative plural)
thōrāce (ablative singular)
thōrācibus (ablative plural)
thōrax (singular vocative)
thōrācēs (plural vocative)

→ Catalan: tòrax

→ English: thorax

→ Esperanto: torako

→ French: thorax

→ Galician: tórax

→ German: Thorax

→ Ido: torako

→ Indonesian: toraks

→ Irish: tóracs

→ Italian: torace

→ Romanian: torace

→ Lombard: torax

→ Malay: toraks

→ Occitan: torax

→ Portuguese: tórax, torace

→ Russian: то́ракс (tóraks)

→ Slovene: toraks

→ Spanish: tórax

→ Swedish: thorax

From Ancient Greek θώραξ (thṓrax, “a breastplate, cuirass, corslet”).


urna

la-noun

ūrna f (genitive ūrnae); first declension

ūrna (canonical feminine)
ūrnae (genitive)
ūrna (nominative singular)
ūrnae (nominative plural)
ūrnae (genitive singular)
ūrnārum (genitive plural)
ūrnae (dative singular)
ūrnīs (dative plural)
ūrnam (accusative singular)
ūrnās (accusative plural)
ūrnā (ablative singular)
ūrnīs (ablative plural)
ūrna (singular vocative)
ūrnae (plural vocative)

Asturian: urna

Catalan: urna

English: urn, urna

Esperanto: urno

French: urne

Galician: urna

Georgian: ურნა (urna)

German: Urne

Italian: urna

Norwegian: urne (Bokmål), urne (Nynorsk)

Portuguese: urna

Romanian: urnă

Russian: у́рна (úrna)

Spanish: urna

Typically derived from ūrō (“burn, singe”), in reference to the firing of the clay in their creation.

𐌄𐌂𐌏𐌖𐌓𐌍𐌀𐌕𐌉𐌕𐌀𐌖𐌄𐌍𐌃𐌉𐌀𐌔𐌌𐌀𐌌𐌀𐌓[𐌂𐌏𐌔𐌌]𐌄𐌃𐌖𐌇𐌄[𐌂𐌄𐌃]
ECOVRNATITAVENDIASMAMAR[COSM]EDVHE[CED]
eco urna tita vendias mamar[cos m]ed vhe[ced]
I am the urn of Tita Vendia. Mamar[cos had me made].

urn, a moderately sized vessel for drawing water

(chiefly historical) ballot box, particularly the urns used in gathering Roman ballots under the Republic

urn, a moderately sized vessel used to store the ashes of the cremated dead

bank, coin jar, a jar or urn used to store money

(historical) urna, a Roman unit of liquid measure equivalent to about 13 L


typhus

tȳphus m (genitive tȳphī); second declension

tȳphus (canonical masculine)
tȳphī (genitive)
tȳphus (nominative singular)
tȳphī (nominative plural)
tȳphī (genitive singular)
tȳphōrum (genitive plural)
tȳphō (dative singular)
tȳphīs (dative plural)
tȳphum (accusative singular)
tȳphōs (accusative plural)
tȳphō (ablative singular)
tȳphīs (ablative plural)
tȳphe (singular vocative)
tȳphī (plural vocative)

→ Catalan: tifus

→ Danish: tyfus

→ English: typhus

→ French: typhus

→ German: Typhus

→ Italian: tifo

→ Korean: 티푸스 (tipuseu)

→ Russian: тиф (tif)

→ Sicilian: tifu

→ Spanish: tifus

Early modern coinage from Ancient Greek τῦφος (tûphos, “fever, stupor”).

der

(medicine) a form, type, or character of a fever.

a form, type, or character of a fever.
A periodic fever.


mandibula

la-noun

mandibula f (genitive mandibulae); first declension

mandibulae (genitive)
mandibula (nominative singular)
mandibulae (nominative plural)
mandibulae (genitive singular)
mandibulārum (genitive plural)
mandibulae (dative singular)
mandibulīs (dative plural)
mandibulam (accusative singular)
mandibulās (accusative plural)
mandibulā (ablative singular)
mandibulīs (ablative plural)
mandibula (singular vocative)
mandibulae (plural vocative)

→ Catalan: mandíbula

→ English: mandibula

→ French: mandibule

→ Galician: mandíbula

→ Italian: mandibola

Middle English:

English: mandible

→ Portuguese: mandíbula

→ Romanian: mandibulă

→ Spanish: mandíbula

From mandō (“to chew, masticate”) + -bula (instrument noun suffix).

af

[män̪ˈd̪ɪbʊɫ̪ä]


viscus

la-noun

vīscus n (genitive vīsceris); third declension

vīscus (canonical neuter)
vīsceris (genitive)
vīscus (nominative singular)
vīscera (nominative plural)
vīsceris (genitive singular)
vīscerum (genitive plural)
vīscerī (dative singular)
vīsceribus (dative plural)
vīscus (accusative singular)
vīscera (accusative plural)
vīscere (ablative singular)
vīsceribus (ablative plural)
vīscus (singular vocative)
vīscera (plural vocative)

→ English: viscus, viscera

desctree

→ Middle French: vixere m, vixeres m pl
French: viscère m
→? Romanian: viscere n pl

→? Italian: viscere m

→ Portuguese: víscera f

→ Spanish: víscera f

Of unclear origin; possibly Proto-Indo-European *weys- (“to turn, rotate”).

der

terra fabās tantum dūraque farra dabat.
quae duo mixta simul sextīs quīcumque Kalendīs
ēderit, huic laedī vīscera posse negant.
The land yielded only beans and hard far. Whoever, on the Kalends of the sixth [months], eats these two [foods] mixed together, they say no harm will [come] to this [person’s] bowels.
(The first day of June was the Kalendae fabariae or Bean-Kalends.)

(anatomy) entrails, viscera, bowels, internal organs


testis

la-noun

testis m (genitive testis); third declension

testis (genitive)
testis (nominative singular)
testēs (nominative plural)
testis (genitive singular)
testium (genitive plural)
testī (dative singular)
testibus (dative plural)
testem (accusative singular)
testēs (accusative plural)
testīs (accusative plural)
teste (ablative singular)
testibus (ablative plural)
testis (singular vocative)
testēs (plural vocative)

→ English: testis (learned)

→ Indonesian: testis (learned)

→ Italian: teste (learned)

→ Serbo-Croatian: (learned)

Cyrillic script: тестис

Latin script: tȅstis

→ Turkish: testis (learned)

Of disputed origin. Perhaps either:
* From some particular use of testis (“witness”), as in "bearing witness to the sex act", or
* Related to testa (“pot, shell”).

Si posthac prehendero ego te hīc, carebis testibus.

c. 206 BCE, Plautus, Miles Gloriosus 1426

If, after this time, I catch you here again, you will be missing your testicles.


coxa

coxa f (genitive coxae); first declension

coxae (genitive)
coxa (nominative singular)
coxae (nominative plural)
coxae (genitive singular)
coxārum (genitive plural)
coxae (dative singular)
coxīs (dative plural)
coxam (accusative singular)
coxās (accusative plural)
coxā (ablative singular)
coxīs (ablative plural)
coxa (singular vocative)
coxae (plural vocative)

Corsican: coscia

Dalmatian: copsa

Eastern Romance:

Aromanian: coapsã

Romanian: coapsă

Gallo-Italic:

Ligurian: chéuscia

Lombard: còssa

Piedmontese: cheussa

Istriot: cosa

Italian: coscia

Navarro-Aragonese:

Aragonese: cuixa

Neapolitan: coscia

desctree

Old French: cuisse, quisse
French: cuisse
Haitian Creole: kwis
→ English: cuish, cuisse, quish
Bourguignon: cueusse
Champenois: cueche
Gallo: qhesse
Lorrain: cueuche
Norman: tchuisse, tchusse, tchiêsse, tchiesse, kyis
Walloon: coxhe
→ Walloon: cwisse

Old Leonese:

Mirandese: coixa

Old Occitan:

Catalan: cuixa

Occitan: cuèissa

Old Galician-Portuguese: coyxa (Medieval Galician)

Galician: coxa

Portuguese: coxa

Old Spanish:

Spanish: cuja

Rhaeto-Romance:

Friulian: cuesse

desc

Romansch: coissa, quiessa, cuissa, cossa

Sardinian: coscia, cossa

desctree

Sicilian: coscia, cuoscia
→ Maltese: koxxa

Venetan: cosa

→ Albanian: kofshë

→ English: coxa

From Proto-Italic *koksā, from Proto-Indo-European *koḱs- (“joint, limb”), whence also Old Irish cos (“foot, leg”) and Welsh coes (“leg, shank”).


urethra

la-noun

ūrēthra f (genitive ūrēthrae); first declension

ūrēthra (canonical feminine)
ūrēthrae (genitive)
ūrēthra (nominative singular)
ūrēthrae (nominative plural)
ūrēthrae (genitive singular)
ūrēthrārum (genitive plural)
ūrēthrae (dative singular)
ūrēthrīs (dative plural)
ūrēthram (accusative singular)
ūrēthrās (accusative plural)
ūrēthrā (ablative singular)
ūrēthrīs (ablative plural)
ūrēthra (singular vocative)
ūrēthrae (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek οὐρήθρα (ourḗthra).


vitiligo

la-noun

vitilīgō f (genitive vitilīginis); third declension

vitilīgō (canonical feminine)
vitilīginis (genitive)
vitilīgō (nominative singular)
vitilīginēs (nominative plural)
vitilīginis (genitive singular)
vitilīginum (genitive plural)
vitilīginī (dative singular)
vitilīginibus (dative plural)
vitilīginem (accusative singular)
vitilīginēs (accusative plural)
vitilīgine (ablative singular)
vitilīginibus (ablative plural)
vitilīgō (singular vocative)
vitilīginēs (plural vocative)

From an unknown stem with the disease suffix -īgō. Related to vitium, but not directly derived from it on account of the l.


erysipelas

erysipelas n (genitive erysipelatos); third declension

erysipelatos (genitive)
erysipelas (nominative singular)
erysipelata (nominative plural)
erysipelatos (genitive singular)
erysipelatum (genitive plural)
erysipelatī (dative singular)
erysipelatibus (dative plural)
erysipelas (accusative singular)
erysipelata (accusative plural)
erysipelate (ablative singular)
erysipelatibus (ablative plural)
erysipelas (singular vocative)
erysipelata (plural vocative)

→ English: erysipelas

Middle English: erisipila

[ɛrʏˈs̠ɪpɛɫ̪äs̠]

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἐρῠσῐ́πελᾰς (erusípelas), probably related to ἐρῠθρός (eruthrós, “red”) and πέλμᾰ (pélma, “the sole of a foot”) or pellis (“a skin, hide, felt, pelt”).


fibula

fībula f (genitive fībulae); first declension

fībula (canonical feminine)
fībulae (genitive)
fībula (nominative singular)
fībulae (nominative plural)
fībulae (genitive singular)
fībulārum (genitive plural)
fībulae (dative singular)
fībulīs (dative plural)
fībulam (accusative singular)
fībulās (accusative plural)
fībulā (ablative singular)
fībulīs (ablative plural)
fībula (singular vocative)
fībulae (plural vocative)

Balkan Romance:

Romanian: hiolă (possibly)

Italo-Romance:

Italian: fibbia

→? Venetan: fibia

North Italian:

Gallo-Italic:

Ligurian: fübia

Lombard: fübia, figgia

Piedmontese: fübia, fimbria

Friulian: fiube

Ladin: fibla

Venetan: fiuba

Gallo-Romance:

Catalan: fibla

Vulgar Latin:

*fībella (see there for further descendants)

*fībulāria

Romanian: fiulare

Borrowings:

→ Catalan: fíbula

→ English: fibula

→ French: fibule

→ Galician: fíbula

→ Italian: fibula

→ Portuguese: fíbula

→ Romanian: fibulă

→ Spanish: fíbula

Syncopic form of *fīvibula, from fīvō (“to fix, fasten, thrust in”, archaic form of fīgō) + -bula (instrumental nominal suffix).

suffix

archaic form of <i class="Latn mention" lang="la">fīgō</i>

surgical instrument for drawing together the lips of a wound

stitching needle drawn through the prepuce


sternum

la-noun

sternum n (genitive sternī); second declension

sternī (genitive)
sternum (nominative singular)
sterna (nominative plural)
sternī (genitive singular)
sternōrum (genitive plural)
sternō (dative singular)
sternīs (dative plural)
sternum (accusative singular)
sterna (accusative plural)
sternō (ablative singular)
sternīs (ablative plural)
sternum (singular vocative)
sterna (plural vocative)

→ Catalan: estèrnum, estern

→ Czech: sternum

→ English: sternum

→ French: sternum

→ Irish: steirneam

Borrowed from Ancient Greek στέρνον (stérnon, “breast, chest; breastbone”).


phallus

la-noun

phallus m (genitive phallī); second declension

phallī (genitive)
phallus (nominative singular)
phallī (nominative plural)
phallī (genitive singular)
phallōrum (genitive plural)
phallō (dative singular)
phallīs (dative plural)
phallum (accusative singular)
phallōs (accusative plural)
phallō (ablative singular)
phallīs (ablative plural)
phalle (singular vocative)
phallī (plural vocative)

Asturian: falu

Catalan: fal·lus

→ Czech: falus

→ Dutch: fallus

→ English: phallus

→ French: phallus

Galician: falo

→ German: Phallus

Italian: fallo

→ Occitan: fallus

→ Polish: fallus

→ Portuguese: falo

Romanian: falus (possibly via French)

desc

→ Russian: фа́ллус (fállus), фалл (fall)

→ Serbo-Croatian: falus, фалус

Sicilian: fallu

Spanish: falo

→ Turkish: fallus

[ˈpʰälːʲʊs̠]

From Ancient Greek φαλλός (phallós, “membrum virile, phallus, or a figure thereof”), likely ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰel- (“to blow, swell up”); compare follis (“sack”).

der

(mythology, religion) an iconic phallic figure of the male member borne in cult processions at a Dionysian orgy or festival of Bacchus as a symbol of the generative power of nature

(anatomy) phallus, membrum virile, penis


metatarsus

la-noun

metatarsus m (genitive metatarsī); second declension

the part of the foot between the toes and the ankle, especially its five bones


coccyx

coccȳx m (genitive coccȳgis); third declension

coccȳx (canonical masculine)
coccȳgis (genitive)
coccȳx (nominative singular)
coccȳgēs (nominative plural)
coccȳgis (genitive singular)
coccȳgum (genitive plural)
coccȳgī (dative singular)
coccȳgibus (dative plural)
coccȳgem (accusative singular)
coccȳgēs (accusative plural)
coccȳge (ablative singular)
coccȳgibus (ablative plural)
coccȳx (singular vocative)
coccȳgēs (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek κόκκῡξ (kókkūx).


maxilla

māxilla f (genitive māxillae); first declension

māxilla (canonical feminine)
māxillae (genitive)
māxilla (nominative singular)
māxillae (nominative plural)
māxillae (genitive singular)
māxillārum (genitive plural)
māxillae (dative singular)
māxillīs (dative plural)
māxillam (accusative singular)
māxillās (accusative plural)
māxillā (ablative singular)
māxillīs (ablative plural)
māxilla (singular vocative)
māxillae (plural vocative)

Aromanian: mãseauã

Asturian: mexella

Catalan: maixella

Middle English:

English: maxilla

desc

Friulian: massele, mašele (alternative orthography)

Galician: meixela

Italian: mascella

Ladin: masela

Megleno-Romanian: măseauă

Occitan: maissa, maissèla

→ Portuguese: maxila

Romanian: măsea

Romansch: missella, missiala (Sursilvan), misseala (Sutsilvan), missela (Surmiran), massella (Puter, Vallader)

Sardinian: mansidda, massidda, mansidha

Sicilian: masciḍḍa

Spanish: mejilla

Venetan: maseła

[mäːkˈs̠ɪlːʲä]

Diminutive of māla (“the cheekbone, jaw”), from its reconstructed Proto-Italic form *smakslā and the diminutive suffix *-elos via the following sequence of regular sound changes: *-kslelā > *-ksl̥lā > *-ksillā. Compare the formation of the following diminutives: āla–āxilla, ōlla–auxilla, paulus–pauxillus, pālus–pāxillus, vēlum–vēxillum. An alternative etymology of māla, supported by Thurneysen and Leumann, reconstructs its original form as *mandslā, from the root of mandō (“to chew”); if this is correct, the -x- in the diminutive must have instead been introduced by analogy to āxilla. Synchronically, māxilla can be viewed as ending in the Latin diminutive suffix -illus.

(anatomy) the jaw, jawbone, bone of the upper jaw

diminutive of māla:
the jaw, jawbone, bone of the upper jaw

Maxilla vero est molle os; eaque una est, cuius eadem et media et ima pars mentum est, a quo utrimque procedit ad tempora; solaque ea movetur: nam malae cum toto osse, quod superiores dentes exigit, immobiles sunt.

1938 translation by W. G. Spencer
But the lower jaw is a soft bone and a single one, of which the chin forms the middle and lowest portion, whence it is continued on the two sides to the temples; and it alone is movable, for the cheek-bones with all that bone which produces the upper teeth are immobile ― published online at LacusCurtius by Bill Thayer as Celsus: On Medicine, Book VIII

Si per haec parum proficitur, ultimum est incidere satis altis plagis sub ipsis maxillis supra collum, vel in palato citra uvam, vel eas venas, quae sub lingua sunt, ut per ea vulnera morbus erumpat.

1938 translation by W. G. Spencer
If there is little effect from these remedies, the last resource is to make sufficiently deep incisions into the upper part of the neck under the lower jaw, or into the palate in front of the uvula, or into the veins under the tongue, in order that the disease may discharge through the incisions. ― published online at LacusCurtius by Bill Thayer as Celsus: On Medicine, Book IV

(anatomy) the lower part of the face, the jaws

diminutive of māla:
the lower part of the face, the jaws


dolor

la-noun

dolor m (genitive dolōris); third declension

dolōris (genitive)
dolor (nominative singular)
dolōrēs (nominative plural)
dolōris (genitive singular)
dolōrum (genitive plural)
dolōrī (dative singular)
dolōribus (dative plural)
dolōrem (accusative singular)
dolōrēs (accusative plural)
dolōre (ablative singular)
dolōribus (ablative plural)
dolor (singular vocative)
dolōrēs (plural vocative)

Asturian: dolor

Catalan: dol, dolor

Calabrese: doluri

→ Proto-Brythonic: *dolʉr

Welsh: dolur

→ English: dol

Esperanto: doloro

desctree

Old French: dolor m, dolur, dulor, dulur
→ English: dolour
French: douleur f

Friulian: dolôr

Ido: doloro

Istriot: dulur

Italian: dolore m

Neapolitan: dolore

Old Occitan: dolor m or f
Occitan: dolor

Old Galician-Portuguese: door f
Galician: dor f
Portuguese: dor f (see there for further descendants)

Romanian: duroare, dolor

Romansch: dolur, dalur, dolour, dulur

desc

Sardinian: dolore, dabori, daori, dulori

Sicilian: duluri, ruluri, diluri

Spanish: dolor m

Venetan: dolor, dołor

From Proto-Italic *dolōs, from Proto-Indo-European *delh₁- (“to hew, to split”, verbal root).
By surface analysis, doleō + -or.

der

Hunc ego sī potuī tantum spērāre dolōrem, / et perferre, soror, poterō.

29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 4.419–420

[Dido speaks to Anna:] “Supposing that I was able to anticipate this much pain, my sister, so too I shall be able to endure it.”
(In context, Dido's character is feeling a range of emotion: the pain of heartbreak, grief over lost love and losing an imagined future together, and anger toward her faithless lover Aeneas and the gods he said have ordered him to leave Carthage.)


pelvis

la-noun

pēlvis f (genitive pēlvis); third declension

pēlvis (canonical feminine)
pēlvis (genitive)
pēlvis (nominative singular)
pēlvēs (nominative plural)
pēlvis (genitive singular)
pēlvium (genitive plural)
pēlvī (dative singular)
pēlvibus (dative plural)
pēlvim (accusative singular)
pēlvem (accusative singular)
pēlvēs (accusative plural)
pēlvīs (accusative plural)
pēlvī (ablative singular)
pēlve (ablative singular)
pēlvibus (ablative plural)
pēlvis (singular vocative)
pēlvēs (plural vocative)

→ Catalan: pelvis

→ English: pelvis

→ French: pelvis

→ Galician: pelve

→ Italian: pelvi

→ Portuguese: pelve, pélvis

→ Spanish: pelvis

[ˈpeːɫ̪u̯ɪs̠]

From Old Latin pēluis (“basin”), further etymology unknown. Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *pel- (“container”). Potential cognates include Sanskrit पालवी (pālavī, “a kind of vessel”), Ancient Greek πελίκη (pelíkē, “a type of container”) Sanskrit पलव (palava, “wicker-work basket of for catching fish”), Ancient Greek πήληξ (pḗlēx, “helmet”).


stapes

la-noun

stapēs m (genitive stapedis); third declension

stapēs (canonical masculine)
stapedis (genitive)
stapēs (nominative singular)
stapedēs (nominative plural)
stapedis (genitive singular)
stapedum (genitive plural)
stapedī (dative singular)
stapedibus (dative plural)
stapedem (accusative singular)
stapedēs (accusative plural)
stapede (ablative singular)
stapedibus (ablative plural)
stapēs (singular vocative)
stapedēs (plural vocative)

→ English: stapes

→ French: stapes

→ Spanish: estápede

From a Germanic source, possibly Frankish *stap or Old High German stapf, staph (“step, stirrup”), both from Proto-Germanic *stapiz (“a step, rung (of a ladder)”). More at step.
Alternatively: Late Latin; possibly from stō (“to stand”) + pēs (“foot”).

der

(anatomy) stapes (bone in the middle ear)


carpus

la-noun

carpus m (genitive carpī); second declension

carpī (genitive)
carpus (nominative singular)
carpī (nominative plural)
carpī (genitive singular)
carpōrum (genitive plural)
carpō (dative singular)
carpīs (dative plural)
carpum (accusative singular)
carpōs (accusative plural)
carpō (ablative singular)
carpīs (ablative plural)
carpe (singular vocative)
carpī (plural vocative)

English: carpus

[…]sic ut circa carpum appareant quatuor distincti tendines, qui per omnia quatuor digitorum internodia quadantenus extenduntur.

1706, Philip Verheyen, Corporis humani anatomia, Tractatus VI Caput XIII, page 270:


tarsus

tarsus m (genitive tarsī); second declension

tarsī (genitive)
tarsus (nominative singular)
tarsī (nominative plural)
tarsī (genitive singular)
tarsōrum (genitive plural)
tarsō (dative singular)
tarsīs (dative plural)
tarsum (accusative singular)
tarsōs (accusative plural)
tarsō (ablative singular)
tarsīs (ablative plural)
tarse (singular vocative)
tarsī (plural vocative)

→ Catalan: tars

→ English: tarsus

→ Spanish: tarso

Borrowed from Ancient Greek τᾰρσός (tarsós, “the flat of the foot; the edge of the eyelid and its lashes”). Has been compared with Armenian թառ (tʻaṙ, “bar for drying grapes”), Old High German darra (“apparatus for drying fruits”), Swedish tarre (“frame for drying malts”), suggesting a derivation from Proto-Indo-European *ters- (“to dry”). However, for phonetic reasons this is uncertain.


barbara

la-noun

barbara f (genitive barbarae); first declension

barbarae (genitive)
barbara (nominative singular)
barbarae (nominative plural)
barbarae (genitive singular)
barbarārum (genitive plural)
barbarae (dative singular)
barbarīs (dative plural)
barbaram (accusative singular)
barbarās (accusative plural)
barbarā (ablative singular)
barbarīs (ablative plural)
barbara (singular vocative)
barbarae (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek βαρβάρα (barbára).


scapula

scapula f (genitive scapulae); first declension

scapulae (genitive)
scapula (nominative singular)
scapulae (nominative plural)
scapulae (genitive singular)
scapulārum (genitive plural)
scapulae (dative singular)
scapulīs (dative plural)
scapulam (accusative singular)
scapulās (accusative plural)
scapulā (ablative singular)
scapulīs (ablative plural)
scapula (singular vocative)
scapulae (plural vocative)

Catalan: escàpula

English: scapula, scapular, scapulary

Galician: escápula

Italian: scapola, scapolare

Portuguese: escápula

Romanian: scapulă

Spanish: escápula, escapular

[ˈs̠käpʊɫ̪ä]

Late Latin scapula "shoulder" from Classical Latin scapulae (“shoulders”).


hilus

hīlus m (genitive hīlī); second declension

hīlus (canonical masculine)
hīlī (genitive)
hīlus (nominative singular)
hīlī (nominative plural)
hīlī (genitive singular)
hīlōrum (genitive plural)
hīlō (dative singular)
hīlīs (dative plural)
hīlum (accusative singular)
hīlōs (accusative plural)
hīlō (ablative singular)
hīlīs (ablative plural)
hīle (singular vocative)
hīlī (plural vocative)

(anatomy) A depression or fissure through which ducts, nerves, or blood vessels enter and leave a gland or organ. Also called porta.


epithelium

epithēlium n (genitive epithēliī); second declension

epithēlium (canonical neuter)
epithēliī (genitive)
epithēlium (nominative singular)
epithēlia (nominative plural)
epithēliī (genitive singular)
epithēliōrum (genitive plural)
epithēliō (dative singular)
epithēliīs (dative plural)
epithēlium (accusative singular)
epithēlia (accusative plural)
epithēliō (ablative singular)
epithēliīs (ablative plural)
epithēlium (singular vocative)
epithēlia (plural vocative)

[ɛpɪˈt̪ʰeːlʲiʊ̃ˑ]

Introduced by Frederik Ruysch in the 18th century, originally referring to the covering of small "nipples" of tissue on the lip. Initially a first-declension noun epithēlia, from Ancient Greek ἐπι- (epi-, “on, atop”) + Ancient Greek θηλή (thēlḗ, “nipple”) + -ia; the nominative singular was later reinterpreted as a second-declension neuter plural.


dermatitis

la-noun

dermatītis f (genitive dermatītidis); third declension

dermatītis (canonical feminine)
dermatītidis (genitive)
dermatītis (nominative singular)
dermatītidēs (nominative plural)
dermatītidis (genitive singular)
dermatītidum (genitive plural)
dermatītidī (dative singular)
dermatītidibus (dative plural)
dermatītidem (accusative singular)
dermatītidēs (accusative plural)
dermatītide (ablative singular)
dermatītidibus (ablative plural)
dermatītis (singular vocative)
dermatītidēs (plural vocative)

From Ancient Greek δερματῖτις (dermatîtis).


cutis

cutis f (genitive cutis); third declension

cutis (genitive)
cutis (nominative singular)
cutēs (nominative plural)
cutis (genitive singular)
cutium (genitive plural)
cutī (dative singular)
cutibus (dative plural)
cutem (accusative singular)
cutim (accusative singular)
cutēs (accusative plural)
cutīs (accusative plural)
cute (ablative singular)
cutī (ablative singular)
cutibus (ablative plural)
cutis (singular vocative)
cutēs (plural vocative)

Southern Gallo-Romance:

Aragonese: cote (Panticuto)

Gascon: cot, coth

⇒ Vulgar Latin: *cutica

Gallo-Italic

Emilian: còdga, cudga

Ligurian: coîga, coêiga, coia

Lombard: codega, codga, codia; coiga (Ossolano)

Romagnol: còdga, codeina

Italian: cotechino

Italo-Dalmatian

Central Italian: cotica

Neapolitan: coteca

⇒ Venetan: códego m

→ Cimbrian: kódego

⇒ Vulgar Latin: *cutina

Gallo-Italic

Piedmontese: cotna, cona

Gallo-Romance:

Franco-Provençal: couèna

French: couenne

Italo-Dalmatian

Italian: cotenna

Neapolitan: còtena

Sicilian: cùtini

Occitano-Romance

Catalan: cotna, corna

Occitan: codena

Gascon: cotia

Bigorrés: corna

Vivaro-Alpine: coena, coina

West Iberian

Galician: codia, coda

Portuguese: côdea

From Proto-Italic *kutis, from Proto-Indo-European *kuH-t-, zero-grade form of *(s)kewH- (“to cover”) without s-mobile.
Cognates include Ancient Greek σκύλος (skúlos, “hide”), Welsh cwd (“scrotum”), Lithuanian kutỹs (“purse”), Old English hȳd (English hide), Old English scēo (“sky”) (English sky), German Haut (“skin”), German Hoden (“scrotum”) and Sanskrit स्कुनाति (skunā́ti, “to cover”). Related to culus.


caput

la-noun

caput n (genitive capitis); third declension

capitis (genitive)
caput (nominative singular)
capita (nominative plural)
capitis (genitive singular)
capitum (genitive plural)
capitī (dative singular)
capitibus (dative plural)
caput (accusative singular)
capita (accusative plural)
capite (ablative singular)
capitibus (ablative plural)
caput (singular vocative)
capita (plural vocative)

Direct reflexes:

Sardinian: cabudu, cabude, cabide

⇒ Vulgar Latin: capus (see there for further descendants)

Borrowings:

→ English: caput

→ Portuguese: caput

Reflexes of capita and, via back-formation, a new singular *capitum:

Balkans:

Aromanian: capiti, capit, capitu

Istro-Romanian: cåpete

Megleno-Romanian: capiti

Romanian: capete, capăt

Italy and environs:

Central Italian: capita; capitu, capito

Lombard: caved

Sardinian: cabida

From *capucla, feminine of *capuclum, for *caputulum:

Italian: capocchia

From *caputia:

Italian: capoccia

From Proto-Italic *kaput, from Proto-Indo-European *káput-. Cognates include German Haupt and English head.

caput ulnae

(New Latin, anatomy) A headlike protuberance on an organ or body part, usually bone.

(New Latin, pathology) A disease; a severe swelling of the soft tissues of a newborn's scalp that develops as the baby travels through the birth canal.


vesica

vēsīca f (genitive vēsīcae); first declension

vēsīca (canonical feminine)
vēsīcae (genitive)
vēsīca (nominative singular)
vēsīcae (nominative plural)
vēsīcae (genitive singular)
vēsīcārum (genitive plural)
vēsīcae (dative singular)
vēsīcīs (dative plural)
vēsīcam (accusative singular)
vēsīcās (accusative plural)
vēsīcā (ablative singular)
vēsīcīs (ablative plural)
vēsīca (singular vocative)
vēsīcae (plural vocative)

desc

Old Occitan: veziga (Quercy), vezica (Fois)

Occitan: vesiga (Ségala)

→ English: vesica

→ Romanian: vezică

From Proto-Indo-European *wend-tri-, see also venter, uterus and German Wanst.

vēsīca ūrīnāria


gingiva

la-noun

gingīva f (genitive gingīvae); first declension

gingīva (canonical feminine)
gingīvae (genitive)
gingīva (nominative singular)
gingīvae (nominative plural)
gingīvae (genitive singular)
gingīvārum (genitive plural)
gingīvae (dative singular)
gingīvīs (dative plural)
gingīvam (accusative singular)
gingīvās (accusative plural)
gingīvā (ablative singular)
gingīvīs (ablative plural)
gingīva (singular vocative)
gingīvae (plural vocative)

Aragonese: cheniva

Aromanian: dzindzii, dzindzie

Asturian: enxiva, xenxiva

Catalan: geniva

→ English: gingiva

Extremaduran: gengiva

Franco-Provençal: gengiva

French: gencive

Friulian: zenzie

Galician: enxiva

Italian: gengiva

Lombard: zenziva

Norman: denchive

Occitan: gengiva

Piedmontese: zanziva

Portuguese: gengiva

Romanian: gingie

Sardinian: ghinghía, sénsia, benzía

Sicilian: gingili, cincili, zinzìa

Spanish: encía

Venetan: zinzìva, zenzìva, xenxìva

[ɡɪŋˈɡiːu̯ä]

[d͡ʒin̠ʲˈd͡ʒiːvä]

From Proto-Indo-European *ǵyewh₁- (compare English chew, Tocharian B śuwaṃ (“eat”), Polish żuję (“I chew”), Persian جویدن (javidan), Pashto ژول (žovạl, “to bite, gnaw”)).

(anatomy) gum (in which the teeth are set)


lichen

līchēn m (genitive līchēnos or līchēnis); third declension

līchēn (canonical masculine)
līchēnos (genitive)
līchēnis (genitive)
līchēn (nominative singular)
līchēnes (nominative plural)
līchēnēs (nominative plural)
līchēnos (genitive singular)
līchēnis (genitive singular)
līchēnum (genitive plural)
līchēnī (dative singular)
līchēnibus (dative plural)
līchēna (accusative singular)
līchēnem (accusative singular)
līchēnas (accusative plural)
līchēnēs (accusative plural)
līchēne (ablative singular)
līchēnibus (ablative plural)
līchēn (singular vocative)
līchēnes (plural vocative)
līchēnēs (plural vocative)

English: lichen

French: lichen

Portuguese: líquen

Spanish: liquen

Borrowed from Ancient Greek λειχήν (leikhḗn).

bor+

(transferred sense, medicine) an eruption on the skin of men and beasts, a tetter, ringworm

(and especially) a callous excrescence upon the leg of a horse, used as a medicine


sebum

la-noun

sēbum n (genitive sēbī); second declension

sēbum (canonical neuter)
sēbī (genitive)
sēbum (nominative singular)
sēba (nominative plural)
sēbī (genitive singular)
sēbōrum (genitive plural)
sēbō (dative singular)
sēbīs (dative plural)
sēbum (accusative singular)
sēba (accusative plural)
sēbō (ablative singular)
sēbīs (ablative plural)
sēbum (singular vocative)
sēba (plural vocative)

Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: seu

Romanian: seu

Italo-Romance:

Italian: sebo, sego, sevo

Neapolitan: sivo

Sicilian: sivu

Padanian:

Emilian: si, sèi, sè

Friulian: sêf

Galloitalic from Sicily: siu

Ligurian: sêu, sêvo, sêio

Lombard: sef, sif, seu

Piedmontese: sèiv, sòiv

Romagnol: sif, si, séi, sif

Venetan: seo, sef

Northern Gallo-Romance:

Old Francoprovençal: sieu

Franco-Provençal: suif, sueif

Old French: seu, seuf

French: suif

⇒ Anglo-Norman: suet, siuet

desctree

→ Middle English: suet, sewet, sueth, suett, suette, suwet, swet, swete, sywete
English: suet
Scots: shuet

Southern Gallo-Romance:

Catalan: sèu

Occitan: seu

Ibero-Romance:

Galician: sebo

Portuguese: sebo

Spanish: sebo

Insular Romance:

Sardinian: sebu, seu

Borrowings:

→ English: sebum (learned)

→ French: sébum
→ Romanian: sebum

From Proto-Indo-European *seyb- (“to pour out”), whence also (through Proto-Germanic) sāpō.


sputum

la-noun

spūtum n (genitive spūtī); second declension

spūtum (canonical neuter)
spūtī (genitive)
spūtum (nominative singular)
spūta (nominative plural)
spūtī (genitive singular)
spūtōrum (genitive plural)
spūtō (dative singular)
spūtīs (dative plural)
spūtum (accusative singular)
spūta (accusative plural)
spūtō (ablative singular)
spūtīs (ablative plural)
spūtum (singular vocative)
spūta (plural vocative)

Catalan: esput

Dalmatian: spoit

English: sputum

Italian: sputo

Old French: esput

Portuguese: esputo

Romanian: spută

Spanish: esputo

[ˈs̠puːt̪ʊ̃ˑ]


sura

sūra f (genitive sūrae); first declension

sūra (canonical feminine)
sūrae (genitive)
sūra (nominative singular)
sūrae (nominative plural)
sūrae (genitive singular)
sūrārum (genitive plural)
sūrae (dative singular)
sūrīs (dative plural)
sūram (accusative singular)
sūrās (accusative plural)
sūrā (ablative singular)
sūrīs (ablative plural)
sūra (singular vocative)
sūrae (plural vocative)

Possibly related to sū̆rus (“t-branch, stake”) or from a Proto-Indo-European root common to Ancient Greek ὥρα (hṓra, “part of a sacrificial victim”).


amphora

la-noun

amphora f (genitive amphorae); first declension

amphorae (genitive)
amphora (nominative singular)
amphorae (nominative plural)
amphorae (genitive singular)
amphorum (genitive plural)
amphorārum (genitive plural)
amphorae (dative singular)
amphorīs (dative plural)
amphoram (accusative singular)
amphorās (accusative plural)
amphorā (ablative singular)
amphorīs (ablative plural)
amphora (singular vocative)
amphorae (plural vocative)

Catalan: àmfora

French: amphore

Galician: ánfora

Italian: anfora

Portuguese: ânfora

Spanish: ánfora

→ English: amphor

→ German: Amphore

→? Proto-West Germanic: *ambrī (see there for further descendants)

From Ancient Greek ἀμφορεύς (amphoreús, “two-handled pitcher, units of liquid measure”). As a Roman unit, originally an elision of amphora quadrantal.

bor

(chiefly historical) amphora, a large vessel, especially one made of clay with two handles used for storing and transporting wine and oil


incisor

la-noun

incīsor m (genitive incīsōris); third declension

incīsor (canonical masculine)
incīsōris (genitive)
incīsor (nominative singular)
incīsōrēs (nominative plural)
incīsōris (genitive singular)
incīsōrum (genitive plural)
incīsōrī (dative singular)
incīsōribus (dative plural)
incīsōrem (accusative singular)
incīsōrēs (accusative plural)
incīsōre (ablative singular)
incīsōribus (ablative plural)
incīsor (singular vocative)
incīsōrēs (plural vocative)

→ English: incisor

[ɪŋˈkiːs̠ɔr]

From incīdō (“to cut into, cut through”) + -tor (“-er, -or”, agent noun suffix).


tetanus

la-noun

tetanus m (genitive tetanī); second declension

tetanī (genitive)
tetanus (nominative singular)
tetanī (nominative plural)
tetanī (genitive singular)
tetanōrum (genitive plural)
tetanō (dative singular)
tetanīs (dative plural)
tetanum (accusative singular)
tetanōs (accusative plural)
tetanō (ablative singular)
tetanīs (ablative plural)
tetane (singular vocative)
tetanī (plural vocative)

From Ancient Greek τέτανος (tétanos); New Latin usage specific to the bacteria-caused disease.

(New Latin) The disease caused by Clostridium tetani.


sphincter

sphinctēr m (genitive sphinctēris); third declension

sphinctēr (canonical masculine)
sphinctēris (genitive)
sphinctēr (nominative singular)
sphinctērēs (nominative plural)
sphinctēris (genitive singular)
sphinctērum (genitive plural)
sphinctērī (dative singular)
sphinctēribus (dative plural)
sphinctērem (accusative singular)
sphinctērēs (accusative plural)
sphinctēre (ablative singular)
sphinctēribus (ablative plural)
sphinctēr (singular vocative)
sphinctērēs (plural vocative)

→ English: sphincter

→ French: sphincter

Borrowed from Ancient Greek σφῐγκτήρ (sphinktḗr, “lace, band; contractile muscle”), from σφῐ́γγω (sphíngō, “to bind tight or fast”) + -τήρ (-tḗr, “-er, -or”, nominal suffix).

af

(anatomy) The sphincter, the muscle of the anus.


sudor

la-noun

sūdor m (genitive sūdōris); third declension

sūdor (canonical masculine)
sūdōris (genitive)
sūdor (nominative singular)
sūdōrēs (nominative plural)
sūdōris (genitive singular)
sūdōrum (genitive plural)
sūdōrī (dative singular)
sūdōribus (dative plural)
sūdōrem (accusative singular)
sūdōrēs (accusative plural)
sūdōre (ablative singular)
sūdōribus (ablative plural)
sūdor (singular vocative)
sūdōrēs (plural vocative)

Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: asudoari, sudoari

Romanian: sudoare

Dalmatian:

sudaur

Italo-Romance:

Corsican: sudore, sudori (Ultramontan)

Italian: sudore

Sicilian: sudura, suduri

Insular Romance:

desc

Sardinian: sori, sudore, sudori, suore, suori

North Italian: (forms with /d/ possibly Italianisms)

Friulian: sudôr

Istriot: sudur

Piedmontese: sudor

Romagnol: sudôr

Romansch: süur

Venetan: suor

Gallo-Romance:

Catalan: suor

desctree

Old French: suor, sudor (archaic), suur (Anglo-Norman), sueur
French: sueur

Gascon: sudor

Occitan: susor, suor

Ibero-Romance:

→ Asturian: sudor

Galician: suor

Portuguese: suor

→ Spanish: sudor

From Proto-Indo-European *swoyd- (“to sweat”), *sweyd-. Cognates include Ancient Greek ἱδρώς (hidrṓs), Sanskrit स्वेदते (svedate) and Old English swāt (English sweat).


cerebrum

la-noun

cerebrum n (genitive cerebrī); second declension

cerebrī (genitive)
cerebrum (nominative singular)
cerebra (nominative plural)
cerebrī (genitive singular)
cerebrōrum (genitive plural)
cerebrō (dative singular)
cerebrīs (dative plural)
cerebrum (accusative singular)
cerebra (accusative plural)
cerebrō (ablative singular)
cerebrīs (ablative plural)
cerebrum (singular vocative)
cerebra (plural vocative)

Aromanian: crier

→ Asturian: cerebru

desctree

→ Middle English: cerebrum, cerebre, cerrebre, serabrum
English: cerebrum

Esperanto: cerbo

⇒ French: cérébral

→ English: cerebral

→ Galician: cerebro

→ Ido: cerebro

→ Interlingua: cerebro

→ Italian: cerebro

Megleno-Romanian: criel

→ Portuguese: cérebro

Romanian: creier

→ Spanish: cerebro

→ Turkish: serebrum

[ˈkɛrɛbrʊ̃ˑ]

From Proto-Italic *kerazrom, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱerh₂srom, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ḱerh₂-. Compare Ancient Greek κᾰ́ρᾱ (kárā, “a head, face”).


lepra

la-noun

lepra f (genitive leprae); first declension

leprae (genitive)
lepra (nominative singular)
leprae (nominative plural)
leprae (genitive singular)
leprārum (genitive plural)
leprae (dative singular)
leprīs (dative plural)
lepram (accusative singular)
leprās (accusative plural)
leprā (ablative singular)
leprīs (ablative plural)
lepra (singular vocative)
leprae (plural vocative)

Catalan: lepra

English: lepra

Galician: lepra

Italian: lebbra

Occitan: lepra

Portuguese: lepra

Russian: лепра (lepra)

Spanish: lepra

From Koine Greek λέπρα (lépra, “psoriasis & similar skin diseases”).


meninx

la-noun

mēninx f (genitive mēningis); third declension

mēninx (canonical feminine)
mēningis (genitive)
mēninx (nominative singular)
mēningēs (nominative plural)
mēningis (genitive singular)
mēningum (genitive plural)
mēningī (dative singular)
mēningibus (dative plural)
mēningem (accusative singular)
mēningēs (accusative plural)
mēninge (ablative singular)
mēningibus (ablative plural)
mēninx (singular vocative)
mēningēs (plural vocative)

→ English: meninx

Borrowed from Ancient Greek μῆνῐγξ (mêninx, “membrane of the eye; membrane enclosing the brain; eardrum”).


impetigo

la-noun

impetīgō f (genitive impetīginis); third declension

impetīgō (canonical feminine)
impetīginis (genitive)
impetīgō (nominative singular)
impetīginēs (nominative plural)
impetīginis (genitive singular)
impetīginum (genitive plural)
impetīginī (dative singular)
impetīginibus (dative plural)
impetīginem (accusative singular)
impetīginēs (accusative plural)
impetīgine (ablative singular)
impetīginibus (ablative plural)
impetīgō (singular vocative)
impetīginēs (plural vocative)

Asturian: empeine

Italian: petecchia

→ English: petechia

Portuguese: impingem

Romanian: pecingine

Spanish: empeine

→ Catalan: impetigen

→ Dutch: impetigo

→ English: impetigo

→ Italian: impetigine

→ Portuguese: impetigo

→ Spanish: impétigo

[ɪmpɛˈt̪iːɡoː]


zoster

zōstēr m (genitive zōstēris); third declension

zōstēr (canonical masculine)
zōstēris (genitive)
zōstēr (nominative singular)
zōstērēs (nominative plural)
zōstēris (genitive singular)
zōstērum (genitive plural)
zōstērī (dative singular)
zōstēribus (dative plural)
zōstērem (accusative singular)
zōstērēs (accusative plural)
zōstēre (ablative singular)
zōstēribus (ablative plural)
zōstēr (singular vocative)
zōstērēs (plural vocative)

From Ancient Greek ζωστήρ (zōstḗr, “girdle”), from ζώννυμι (zṓnnumi, “to gird”).


musculus

mūsculus m (genitive mūsculī); second declension

mūsculus (canonical masculine)
mūsculī (genitive)
mūsculus (nominative singular)
mūsculī (nominative plural)
mūsculī (genitive singular)
mūsculōrum (genitive plural)
mūsculō (dative singular)
mūsculīs (dative plural)
mūsculum (accusative singular)
mūsculōs (accusative plural)
mūsculō (ablative singular)
mūsculīs (ablative plural)
mūscule (singular vocative)
mūsculī (plural vocative)

Aragonese: musclo, muscllo

Aromanian: mushclju

Asturian: muslu

Catalan: muscle, musclo

Corsican: musculu

Italian: muscolo

Occitan: muscle

desctree

Old French: moule, moucle, moulle, mouscle
French: moule
→ Middle Dutch: mosscele
Dutch: mossel

Romanian: mușchi

Spanish: muslo

→ Asturian: músculu

→ Albanian: muskul, mushk

→ Catalan: múscul

→ Danish: muskel

→ English: musculus (learned)

→ Middle French: muscle
French: muscle
→ Middle English: muscle
English: muscle

→ Friulian: muscul

→ Galician: músculo

→ German: Muskel

→ Proto-West Germanic: *muskulā (see there for further descendants)

→ Portuguese: músculo

→ Romansch: muscul, muscal, muscla

→ Russian: мускул (muskul)

→ Sardinian: musculu

→ Spanish: músculo

→ Swedish: muskel

[ˈmuːs̠kʊɫ̪ʊs̠]

From mūs (“a mouse”) + -culus (diminutive suffix), literally “little mouse”. The “muscle” sense is a semantic loan from Ancient Greek μῦς (mûs, “mouse; muscle”).


cerebellum

la-noun

cerebellum n (genitive cerebellī); second declension

cerebellī (genitive)
cerebellum (nominative singular)
cerebella (nominative plural)
cerebellī (genitive singular)
cerebellōrum (genitive plural)
cerebellō (dative singular)
cerebellīs (dative plural)
cerebellum (accusative singular)
cerebella (accusative plural)
cerebellō (ablative singular)
cerebellīs (ablative plural)
cerebellum (singular vocative)
cerebella (plural vocative)

Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: crier, crieru, criel, crielu

Megleno-Romanian: criel

desc

Romanian: creier, creiel — Banat, rare, archaic, regional

Dalmatian:

carviale

Italo-Romance:

Corsican: ciarbeddu, ciarbellu, cerbellu

Italian: cervello

Sicilian: ciriveddu, cirveddu, cirbeddu

North Italian:

Friulian: cerviel, čurviel (alternative orthography)

Lombard: servel, sarvel, hervel

Piedmontese: sarvel, sarvele, survele

Romansch: tscharvè

Venetan: serveło, zerveło, çervèl, servèl, zhervèl, sarveło, çarvèl, zharvèl, cèlebro

Gallo-Romance:

Franco-Provençal: cèrvél, cèrvèla

Old French: cervel, cervele

Middle French: cerveau, cervel, cervelle

French: cerveau, cervelle

Norman: chèrvé

Walloon: cervea

Occitano-Romance:

Catalan: cervell

Occitan: cervèl, cervèla

Limousin: cerveu

Provençal: cervèu

Vivaro-Alpine: cerveu

Insular Romance:

Sardinian: cherbeddu, cherveddu, cerveddu, cerbeddu (Campidanese)

Borrowings:

→ Asturian: cerebelu

→ Catalan: cerebel

→ English: cerebellum

→ Galician: cerebelo

→ Greek: τσερβέλο (tservélo)

→ Italian: cerebello ⇒ cerebellare

→ Portuguese: cerebelo

→ Romanian: cerebel

→ Spanish: cerebelo

[kɛrɛˈbɛlːʲʊ̃ˑ]

From cerebrum (“brain”) + -lum (diminutive ending).

af

diminutive of cerebrum:
(anatomy) a little brain


scabies

la-noun

scabiēs f (genitive scabiēī); fifth declension

scabiēs (canonical feminine)
scabiēī (genitive)
scabiēs (nominative singular)
scabiēs (nominative plural)
scabiēī (genitive singular)
scabiērum (genitive plural)
scabiēī (dative singular)
scabiēbus (dative plural)
scabiem (accusative singular)
scabiēs (accusative plural)
scabiē (ablative singular)
scabiēbus (ablative plural)
scabiēs (singular vocative)
scabiēs (plural vocative)

Aromanian: zgaibã

English: scabies

Italian: scabbia

Romanian: scabie, zgaibă


synovia

synovia f (genitive synoviae); first declension

synoviae (genitive)
synovia (nominative singular)
synoviae (nominative plural)
synoviae (genitive singular)
synoviārum (genitive plural)
synoviae (dative singular)
synoviīs (dative plural)
synoviam (accusative singular)
synoviās (accusative plural)
synoviā (ablative singular)
synoviīs (ablative plural)
synovia (singular vocative)
synoviae (plural vocative)

Coined by Swiss physician Paracelsus, hypothesized as from Ancient Greek συν- (sun-, “with, together with”) + ovum (“an egg”) + -ia (nominal suffix), on the assumption that synovial fluid resembles egg white.

af

(New Latin, anatomy) A nutritive fluid found throughout the body; synovial fluid.


phthisis

la-noun

phthisis f (genitive phthisis); third declension

phthisis (genitive)
phthisis (nominative singular)
phthisēs (nominative plural)
phthisis (genitive singular)
phthisium (genitive plural)
phthisī (dative singular)
phthisibus (dative plural)
phthisem (accusative singular)
phthisēs (accusative plural)
phthisīs (accusative plural)
phthise (ablative singular)
phthisibus (ablative plural)
phthisis (singular vocative)
phthisēs (plural vocative)

English: phthisis

Italian: tisi

[ˈpʰt̪ʰɪs̠ɪs̠]

From the Ancient Greek φθῐ́σῐς (phthísis).


membrum virile

membrum virīle n (genitive membrī virīlis); second declension

membrum virīle (canonical neuter)
membrī virīlis (genitive)
membrum virīle (nominative singular)
membra virīlia (nominative plural)
membrī virīlis (genitive singular)
membrōrum virīlium (genitive plural)
membrō virīlī (dative singular)
membrīs virīlibus (dative plural)
membrum virīle (accusative singular)
membra virīlia (accusative plural)
membrō virīlī (ablative singular)
membrīs virīlibus (ablative plural)
membrum virīle (singular vocative)
membra virīlia (plural vocative)

→ Portuguese: membro viril (learned)

→ Spanish: miembro viril (learned)

[ˈmɛmbrʊ̃ˑ u̯ɪˈriːɫ̪ɛ]

From membrum (“limb, member”) + virīlis (“of a grown man”, relative adj.); compare vās muliebre.


membrum

membrum n (genitive membrī); second declension

membrī (genitive)
membrum (nominative singular)
membra (nominative plural)
membrī (genitive singular)
membrōrum (genitive plural)
membrō (dative singular)
membrīs (dative plural)
membrum (accusative singular)
membra (accusative plural)
membrō (ablative singular)
membrīs (ablative plural)
membrum (singular vocative)
membra (plural vocative)

Asturian: miembru

Catalan: membre

→ Old French: membre

French: membre

→ Romanian: membru

→ Middle English: membre

English: member

→ Old Irish: membur

Middle Irish: memmur

Irish: meamar

Italian: membro

Occitan: membre

Piedmontese: menbro

Old Galician-Portuguese: nembro, membro

Galician: membro; nembro

Portuguese: membro

Romansch: member

Sardinian: membru

Spanish: miembro

→⇒ Welsh: mymryn

From Proto-Italic *memzrom, from Proto-Indo-European *mḗms, *mēms-rom (“flesh”).


interna

la-noun

interna n pl (genitive internōrum); second declension

Neuter plural of internus (“inward, internal”).

[ɪn̪ˈt̪ɛrnä]


ictus

ictus m (genitive ictūs); fourth declension

ictūs (genitive)
ictus (nominative singular)
ictūs (nominative plural)
ictūs (genitive singular)
ictuum (genitive plural)
ictuī (dative singular)
ictibus (dative plural)
ictum (accusative singular)
ictūs (accusative plural)
ictū (ablative singular)
ictibus (ablative plural)
ictus (singular vocative)
ictūs (plural vocative)

Galician: eito, → ictus

→ English: ictus, ictal

Portuguese: eito, → icto

From ī̆cō (“to strike”) + -tus (suffix forming action nouns from verbs).

af

a blow, stroke, stab, thrust, bite, sting

Ictu scorpionis

c. 52 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de Bello Gallico VII.25


cara

la-noun

cara f (genitive carae); first declension

carae (genitive)
cara (nominative singular)
carae (nominative plural)
carae (genitive singular)
carārum (genitive plural)
carae (dative singular)
carīs (dative plural)
caram (accusative singular)
carās (accusative plural)
carā (ablative singular)
carīs (ablative plural)
cara (singular vocative)
carae (plural vocative)

North Italian:

Old Ligurian: cera

→ Gallurese: cera

Ligurian: cêa

→ Sassarese: cera

Piedmontese: cera

Northern Gallo-Romance:

desctree

Old French: chiere
French: chère
→ Middle English: chere
English: cheer

Southern Gallo-Romance:

Aragonese: cara

Catalan: cara

→ Sardinian: cara

q

merger with <i class="Latn mention" lang="oc">visatge</i>

Occitan: cara ⇒ caratge (merger with visatge)

Nord-Occitan: chara

Ibero-Romance:

Old Leonese: cara

Asturian: cara

Extremaduran: cara

Leonese: cara

Mirandese: cara

Old Galician-Portuguese: cara

Fala: cara

Galician: cara

Portuguese: cara

Old Spanish: cara

Spanish: cara

Apparently borrowed from Ancient Greek κάρᾱ (kárā, “head, face”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱr̥h₂-(e)s-n-, from the root *ḱerh₂- (“top, head, horn”). Cognate to Latin cornū, corvus, crabrō, cerebrum and cernuus.
Attested tenuously in a single late Latin glossary, where it is given as Greek, and then in medieval Latin documents from Spain. Appears in Romance languages with the meaning “face, facial features” (corresponding to Latin vultus).

'Gargara' quasi cara, caros, idest 'caput, capitis'

Corpus Glossariorum Latinorum, 4 587.8, (etymologising on Virgil's Georgics III, 269)

dente […] dolentibus et carā satis antidotī adpositum prōdest

(Late Latin, rare, glosses, Medieval Latin, uncertain) the head


arteria

la-noun

artēria f (genitive artēriae); first declension

artēria (canonical feminine)
artēriae (genitive)
artēria (nominative singular)
artēriae (nominative plural)
artēriae (genitive singular)
artēriārum (genitive plural)
artēriae (dative singular)
artēriīs (dative plural)
artēriam (accusative singular)
artēriās (accusative plural)
artēriā (ablative singular)
artēriīs (ablative plural)
artēria (singular vocative)
artēriae (plural vocative)

→ Asturian: arteria

→ Catalan: artèria

→ Old French: artaire, artere, arteroe

→ English: artery

French: artère

→ Irish: artaire

→ Galician: arteria

→ Hungarian: artéria

→ Italian: arteria

→ Polish: arteria

→ Portuguese: artéria

→ Spanish: arteria

[ärˈt̪ɛːriä]

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ᾰ̓ρτηρῐ́ᾱ (artēríā, “windpipe; artery”).