fabella

fabella (nominative singular)
fabellae (nominative plural)
fabellae (genitive singular)
fabellārum (genitive plural)
fabellae (dative singular)
fabellīs (dative plural)
fabellam (accusative singular)
fabellās (accusative plural)
fabellā (ablative singular)
fabellīs (ablative plural)
fabella (singular vocative)
fabellae (plural vocative)

faba (“bean”) + -ellus. From its bean-like shape and size, in some animals.

(anatomy) fabella (the posterior analogue of the anterior patella)


abdomen

la-noun

abdōmen n (genitive abdōminis); third declension

abdōmen (canonical neuter)
abdōminis (genitive)
abdōmen (nominative singular)
abdōmina (nominative plural)
abdōminis (genitive singular)
abdōminum (genitive plural)
abdōminī (dative singular)
abdōminibus (dative plural)
abdōmen (accusative singular)
abdōmina (accusative plural)
abdōmine (ablative singular)
abdōminibus (ablative plural)
abdōmen (singular vocative)
abdōmina (plural vocative)

→ Catalan: abdomen

→ English: abdomen

→ French: abdomen

→ Galician: abdome

→ German: Abdomen

→ Italian: addome

→ Occitan: abdomèn

→ Norwegian Bokmål: abdomen

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: abdomen

→ Portuguese: abdómen, abdome

→ Romanian: abdomen

→ Spanish: abdomen

Of unclear origin; often suggested to be from abdō (“to hide, conceal”) + -men, though de Vaan doesn't find this convincing.


os

ōs (canonical neuter)
ōris (genitive)
ōs (nominative singular)
ōra (nominative plural)
ōris (genitive singular)
ōrum (genitive plural)
ōrī (dative singular)
ōribus (dative plural)
ōs (accusative singular)
ōra (accusative plural)
ōre (ablative singular)
ōribus (ablative plural)
ōs (singular vocative)
ōra (plural vocative)

→ English: os

From Proto-Italic *ōs, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃éh₁os. Cognates include Hittite 𒀀𒄿𒅖 (aiš), Sanskrit आस् (ās), Old Irish á, Old English ōr.

opprimet hanc animam flūctūs, frūstrāque precantī

Waves will crush this life, and just as I am uselessly praying, by mouth we will swallow waters soon to destroy us.
(The poet laments his storm-tossed sea voyage to exile.)

at illa venit ad eum ad vesperam portans ramum olivae virentibus foliis in ore suo intellexit ergo Noe quod cessassent aquae super terram

But it came to him in the evening carrying a green-leaved olive branch in its mouth, therefore Noah understood that the waters above the land were coming to and end.

“… Sī quis mihi parvulus aulā / lūderet Aenēās, quī tē tamen ōre referret, ….”
“If [only] for me someone were playing in the hall – a little Aeneas – who, although [you were gone], would recall you by his appearance, ….”

29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 4.328–329

(transferred sense) (in general) facial features, countenance, appearance


os

ossis (genitive)
os (nominative singular)
ossa (nominative plural)
ossis (genitive singular)
ossium (genitive plural)
ossī (dative singular)
ossibus (dative plural)
os (accusative singular)
ossa (accusative plural)
osse (ablative singular)
ossibus (ablative plural)
os (singular vocative)
ossa (plural vocative)

Aragonese: güeso

Aromanian: os

Asturian: güesu

Catalan: os

Corsican: ossu

Dalmatian: vuas

Fala: osu

Franco-Provençal: ôs

French: os

Friulian: vues

Galician: óso

Istriot: uosso

Istro-Romanian: os

Italian: osso

Megleno-Romanian: uos

Mirandese: uosso

Occitan: òs

Piedmontese: òss

Portuguese: osso

Romanian: os

Romansch: ies, oss

Sardinian: ossu

Sicilian: ossu

Spanish: hueso

Venetan: oso

→ English: os

From Proto-Indo-European *h₃ésth₁ (“bone”), *h₂óst. Cognates include Ancient Greek ὀστέον (ostéon), Sanskrit अस्थि (asthi) and Old Armenian ոսկր (oskr).

(figurative) bones, framework or outline of a discourse


colon

colon n (genitive colī); second declension

colī (genitive)
colon (nominative singular)
cola (nominative plural)
colī (genitive singular)
colōrum (genitive plural)
colō (dative singular)
colīs (dative plural)
colon (accusative singular)
cola (accusative plural)
colō (ablative singular)
colīs (ablative plural)
colon (singular vocative)
cola (plural vocative)

→ Asturian: colon (learned)

→ English: colon

→ French: côlon (learned)

→ German: Kolon

→ Esperanto: kojlo

→ Indonesian: kolon

→ Interlingua: colon

→ Italian: colon (learned)

→ Maltese: kolon

→ Romanian: colon (learned)

→ Spanish: colon (learned)


humor

hūmor m (genitive hūmōris); third declension

hūmor (canonical masculine)
hūmōris (genitive)
hūmor (nominative singular)
hūmōrēs (nominative plural)
hūmōris (genitive singular)
hūmōrum (genitive plural)
hūmōrī (dative singular)
hūmōribus (dative plural)
hūmōrem (accusative singular)
hūmōrēs (accusative plural)
hūmōre (ablative singular)
hūmōribus (ablative plural)
hūmor (singular vocative)
hūmōrēs (plural vocative)

→ Asturian: humor

→ Catalan: humor

→ Czech: humor

→ Danish: humor

→ Esperanto: humuro (via descendants)

→ German: Humor (see there for further descendants)

⇒ Hebrew: הומור

→ Hungarian: humor

→ Ido: humuro (via descendants)

Italian: umore

Ladino: umor

→ Macedonian: хумор (humor)

→ Old Galician-Portuguese: humor, umor

Portuguese: humor

desctree

→ Old French: humor, humour (less common)
French: humeur (see there for further descendants)
→ Middle Dutch: humuere
Dutch: humeur (see there for further descendants)
→ Middle English: humour, humore, umour, humor, humur, humer
English: humour (see there for further descendants)
Scots: humour

→ Spanish: humor

Alternative spelling of ūmor found in the later Roman Empire, when the letter h had already become silent. See also the related hūmidus.


vertebra

la-noun

vertebra f (genitive vertebrae); first declension

vertebrae (genitive)
vertebra (nominative singular)
vertebrae (nominative plural)
vertebrae (genitive singular)
vertebrārum (genitive plural)
vertebrae (dative singular)
vertebrīs (dative plural)
vertebram (accusative singular)
vertebrās (accusative plural)
vertebrā (ablative singular)
vertebrīs (ablative plural)
vertebra (singular vocative)
vertebrae (plural vocative)

→ English: vertebra

→ French: vertèbre

→ Galician: vértebra

Irish: veirteabra

→ Italian: vertebra

→ Portuguese: vértebra

→ Spanish: vértebra

From vertō (“to turn”) + -bra (instrumental nominal suffix). Doublet of vertebrum.

suffix

(anatomy) a joint, vertebra of the spine


pancreas

la-noun

pancreas n (genitive pancreatis); third declension

pancreatis (genitive)
pancreas (nominative singular)
pancreatēs (nominative plural)
pancreatis (genitive singular)
pancreatum (genitive plural)
pancreatī (dative singular)
pancreatibus (dative plural)
pancreatem (accusative singular)
pancreatēs (accusative plural)
pancreate (ablative singular)
pancreatibus (ablative plural)
pancreas (singular vocative)
pancreatēs (plural vocative)

→ English: pancreas

→ Romanian: pancreas

From Ancient Greek πάγκρεας (pánkreas), from πᾶν (pân, “all”).


ir

ir (nominative singular)
ir (accusative singular)

Cognate with Ancient Greek χείρ (kheír).


penis

pēnis m (genitive pēnis); third declension

pēnis (canonical masculine)
pēnis (genitive)
pēnis (nominative singular)
pēnēs (nominative plural)
pēnis (genitive singular)
pēnium (genitive plural)
pēnī (dative singular)
pēnibus (dative plural)
pēnem (accusative singular)
pēnēs (accusative plural)
pēnīs (accusative plural)
pēne (ablative singular)
pēnibus (ablative plural)
pēnis (singular vocative)
pēnēs (plural vocative)

→ Albanian: penis

→ Catalan: penis

→ English: penis

→ French: pénis

→ German: Penis

→ Interlingua: pene, penis

Italian: pene

→ Korean: 페니스 (peniseu)

→ Japanese: ペニス (penisu)

desc

→ Portuguese: pénis, pênis (Brazil) (learned)

Romanian: penis

→ Russian: пе́нис (pénis)

Spanish: pene

Traditionally derived from Proto-Italic *peznis, from Proto-Indo-European *pes-ni-s, from *pes- (“penis”), and compared with Ancient Greek πέος (péos), Sanskrit पसस् (pásas), Old English fæsl. However, de Vaan is skeptical of this, and instead reconstructs a Proto-Italic form *petsnis, taking the original meaning as "tail" and "penis, male sexual organ" as secondary, and connects the word to penna (“wing, feather”); see there for discussion of phonetic conflation between the two words.


masseter

la-noun

massētēr m (genitive massētēris); third declension

massētēr (canonical masculine)
massētēris (genitive)
massētēr (nominative singular)
massētērēs (nominative plural)
massētēris (genitive singular)
massētērum (genitive plural)
massētērī (dative singular)
massētēribus (dative plural)
massētērem (accusative singular)
massētērēs (accusative plural)
massētēre (ablative singular)
massētēribus (ablative plural)
massētēr (singular vocative)
massētērēs (plural vocative)

→ English: masseter

Borrowed from Ancient Greek μᾰσητήρ (masētḗr, “chewer”), from μᾰσᾰ́ομαι (masáomai, “chew”) + -τήρ (-tḗr, “-er, -or”).


ile

īle (canonical neuter)
īlis (genitive)
īle (nominative singular)
īlia (nominative plural)
īlis (genitive singular)
īlium (genitive plural)
īlī (dative singular)
īlibus (dative plural)
īle (accusative singular)
īlia (accusative plural)
īlī (ablative singular)
īlibus (ablative plural)
īle (singular vocative)
īlia (plural vocative)

→ Albanian: ijë

French: iles

Romanian: ie

⇒ Vulgar Latin: *iliaris

Galician: illar

Old Spanish: ixar

Spanish: ijar, ijal

Portuguese: ilhal

Sardinian: iğğáre, illári

⇒ Vulgar Latin: *iliarica

Galician: illarga

Portuguese: ilharga

⇒ Vulgar Latin: *iliata

Catalan: illada

Spanish: ijada

desctree

→ French: jade
→ Catalan: jade
→ English: jade
→ German: Jade
→ Italian: giada
→ Portuguese: jade
→ Romanian: jad
→ Spanish: jade

Most likely from Ancient Greek εἰλεός (eileós, “colic”), from εἰλέω (eiléō, “throng, press”), from Proto-Indo-European *welH- (“turn, wind, round”), same source as with Old Armenian գելում (gelum).

der

(chiefly in the plural, anatomy) the part of the abdomen extending from the lowest ribs to the pubes; the groin, flank

(chiefly in the plural, anatomy, zootomy) intestines, guts, entrails


taurus

la-noun

taurus m (genitive taurī); second declension

taurī (genitive)
taurus (nominative singular)
taurī (nominative plural)
taurī (genitive singular)
taurōrum (genitive plural)
taurō (dative singular)
taurīs (dative plural)
taurum (accusative singular)
taurōs (accusative plural)
taurō (ablative singular)
taurīs (ablative plural)
taure (singular vocative)
taurī (plural vocative)

Aromanian: tavru

Asturian: toru

Catalan: toro

Corsican: toru

→ English: Taurus

French: taureau

Friulian: taur

Ido: tauro

Interlingua: tauro

Italian: toro

Norman: touothé

Occitan: taur

Old French: tor

desctree

Old Galician-Portuguese: touro
Galician: touro
Portuguese: touro, toiro

Romanian: taur

Romansch: taur

Sardinian: trau

Sicilian: tàuru, tàvuru

Spanish: toro (see there for further descendants)

Venetan: toro

Walloon: torea

[ˈt̪äu̯rʊs̠]

From Proto-Italic *tauros, from Proto-Indo-European *táwros.


cor

la-noun

cor n (genitive cordis); third declension

cordis (genitive)
cor (nominative singular)
corda (nominative plural)
cordis (genitive singular)
cordium (genitive plural)
cordum (genitive plural)
cordī (dative singular)
cordibus (dative plural)
cor (accusative singular)
corda (accusative plural)
corde (ablative singular)
cordibus (ablative plural)
cor (singular vocative)
corda (plural vocative)

Vulgar Latin: *corem m (see there for further descendants)

→ Romanian: cord

Inherited from Proto-Italic *kord, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱḗr ~ *ḱr̥d-. Cognate with Ancient Greek καρδίᾱ (kardíā), Gothic 𐌷𐌰𐌹𐍂𐍄𐍉 (hairtō), Old English heorte, English heart, Sanskrit हृदय (hṛdaya), Hittite 𒆠𒅕 (kir), Old Church Slavonic срьдьце (srĭdĭce).


uva

ūva (canonical feminine)
ūvae (genitive)
ūva (nominative singular)
ūvae (nominative plural)
ūvae (genitive singular)
ūvārum (genitive plural)
ūvae (dative singular)
ūvīs (dative plural)
ūvam (accusative singular)
ūvās (accusative plural)
ūvā (ablative singular)
ūvīs (ablative plural)
ūva (singular vocative)
ūvae (plural vocative)

Aromanian: auã

Asturian: uva

Corsican: uva

Dalmatian: joiva

Esperanto: uvo

French: uve

Friulian: ue, uve

Galician: uva

Italian: uva

Occitan: uva

Piedmontese: uva

Portuguese: uva

Romanian: auă

Romansch: iva, ieuva, uia, iua

Sardinian: úa

Sicilian: uva

Spanish: uva

Venetan: ua, ùa, ova

→ English: uva

From Proto-Italic *oiwā, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁eyHw- (“a kind of tree with berries”). Cognate with Ancient Greek ὄα (óa, “Sorbus domestica”), Old Armenian այգի (aygi, “grapevine”), Proto-Germanic *ī(h)waz (“yew”), Proto-Slavic *jь̀va (“willow”).

cog

(transferred sense):
(anatomy) The soft palate, the uvula.


talo

la-noun

tālō m (genitive tālōnis); third declension

tālō (canonical masculine)
tālōnis (genitive)
tālō (nominative singular)
tālōnēs (nominative plural)
tālōnis (genitive singular)
tālōnum (genitive plural)
tālōnī (dative singular)
tālōnibus (dative plural)
tālōnem (accusative singular)
tālōnēs (accusative plural)
tālōne (ablative singular)
tālōnibus (ablative plural)
tālō (singular vocative)
tālōnēs (plural vocative)

Adapted from Middle French talon, Italian tallone as tālus + -ō; also as +-ōnus.


cerium

cērium n (genitive cēriī or cērī); second declension

cērium (canonical neuter)
cēriī (genitive)
cērī (genitive)
cērium (nominative singular)
cēria (nominative plural)
cēriī (genitive singular)
cērī (genitive singular)
cēriōrum (genitive plural)
cēriō (dative singular)
cēriīs (dative plural)
cērium (accusative singular)
cēria (accusative plural)
cēriō (ablative singular)
cēriīs (ablative plural)
cērium (singular vocative)
cēria (plural vocative)


laudanum

laudanum n (genitive laudanī); second declension

laudanī (genitive)
laudanum (nominative singular)
laudana (nominative plural)
laudanī (genitive singular)
laudanōrum (genitive plural)
laudanō (dative singular)
laudanīs (dative plural)
laudanum (accusative singular)
laudana (accusative plural)
laudanō (ablative singular)
laudanīs (ablative plural)
laudanum (singular vocative)
laudana (plural vocative)

[ˈɫ̪äu̯d̪änʊ̃ˑ]


acetabulum

acētābulum n (genitive acētābulī); second declension

acētābulum (canonical neuter)
acētābulī (genitive)
acētābulum (nominative singular)
acētābula (nominative plural)
acētābulī (genitive singular)
acētābulōrum (genitive plural)
acētābulō (dative singular)
acētābulīs (dative plural)
acētābulum (accusative singular)
acētābula (accusative plural)
acētābulō (ablative singular)
acētābulīs (ablative plural)
acētābulum (singular vocative)
acētābula (plural vocative)

→ Catalan: acetàbul

→ English: acetabulum

→ Esperanto: acetabulo

→ French: acétabule, acétabulum

Italian: acetabolo

→ Portuguese: acetábulo

→ Romanian: acetabul

→ Russian: ацетабул (acetabul)

→ Spanish: acetábulo

[äkeːˈt̪äːbʊɫ̪ʊ̃ˑ]

From acētum (“vinegar”) + -bulum (“a vessel for”).

suffix

saucer, any similarly sized and shaped dish

(anatomy) acetabulum, the hipbone socket


smegma

la-noun

smēgma n (genitive smēgmatis); third declension

smēgma (canonical neuter)
smēgmatis (genitive)
smēgma (nominative singular)
smēgmata (nominative plural)
smēgmatis (genitive singular)
smēgmatum (genitive plural)
smēgmatī (dative singular)
smēgmatibus (dative plural)
smēgma (accusative singular)
smēgmata (accusative plural)
smēgmate (ablative singular)
smēgmatibus (ablative plural)
smēgma (singular vocative)
smēgmata (plural vocative)

From Ancient Greek σμῆγμα (smêgma), alternative spelling of σμῆμα (smêma, “soap, detergent”), from σμάω (smáō, “I wipe, clean”).


matrix

mātrīx f (genitive mātrīcis); third declension

mātrīx (canonical feminine)
mātrīcis (genitive)
mātrīx (nominative singular)
mātrīcēs (nominative plural)
mātrīcis (genitive singular)
mātrīcum (genitive plural)
mātrīcī (dative singular)
mātrīcibus (dative plural)
mātrīcem (accusative singular)
mātrīcēs (accusative plural)
mātrīce (ablative singular)
mātrīcibus (ablative plural)
mātrīx (singular vocative)
mātrīcēs (plural vocative)

Aromanian: mãtricã

Catalan: matriu

→ Dutch: matrix, matrijs

→ English: matrix

→ Finnish: matriisi, matriksi

→ German: Matrix

Italian: matrice

→ Macedonian: матрица (matrica)

Old French: marriz, matrice

desctree

French: matrice
→ German: Matrize
→ Polish: matryca
→ Russian: ма́трица (mátrica)
→ Kazakh: матрица (matrisa)
→ Ukrainian: ма́триця (mátrycja)

Old Spanish: madriz

→ Portuguese: matriz

Romanian: mătrice, matrice

Sardinian: matriche, madrighe

Sicilian: matrici

→ Spanish: matriz


tuberculosis

la-noun

tūberculōsis f (genitive tūberculōsis); third declension

tūberculōsis (canonical feminine)
tūberculōsis (genitive)
tūberculōsis (nominative singular)
tūberculōsēs (nominative plural)
tūberculōseos (genitive singular)
tūberculōsis (genitive singular)
tūberculōseōn (genitive plural)
tūberculōsi (dative singular)
tūberculōsesin (dative plural)
tūberculōsibus (dative plural)
tūberculōsin (accusative singular)
tūberculōsim (accusative singular)
tūberculōseis (accusative plural)
tūberculōsi (ablative singular)
tūberculōsesin (ablative plural)
tūberculōsibus (ablative plural)
tūberculōsis (singular vocative)
tūberculōsēs (plural vocative)


radius

radius m (genitive radiī or radī); second declension

radiī (genitive)
radī (genitive)
radius (nominative singular)
radiī (nominative plural)
radiī (genitive singular)
radī (genitive singular)
radiōrum (genitive plural)
radiō (dative singular)
radiīs (dative plural)
radium (accusative singular)
radiōs (accusative plural)
radiō (ablative singular)
radiīs (ablative plural)
radie (singular vocative)
radiī (plural vocative)

→ Albanian: rreze

Aromanian: aradzã, radzã

Catalan: raig

→? Sardinian: raxu

Dalmatian: rus, ruaz

Old French: rai

French: rai

→ English: ray

Friulian: rai

Galician: raia, raio, raxo

Italian: raggio

Sicilian: raggiu (italianized, palatalized variant)

Mirandese: raio

Mozarabic: ראיה (rʔyh)

Occitan: rai

Portuguese: raia, raio

Romanian: rază

desc

Sardinian: (ar)raju, (ar)rag(g)iu, arràciu, ràdiu

Sicilian: raja

Spanish: raya, rayo, raza

→ Sardinian: razu m, raza f, rasu

Venetan: rajo

→ Welsh: rhaidd

Learned borrowings

→ Catalan: radi

→ Italian: radio

→ English: radius, radio-, radio

→ French: radius

→ Galician: radio

→ German: Radius

→ Portuguese: rádio

→ Romanian: radius

→ Russian: ра́диус (rádius)

→ Sicilian: ràdiu

→ Spanish: radio

Of uncertain origin. Some connect it with rādīx and rāmus. Tucker suggests Proto-Indo-European *neredʰ- (“extend forth, rise, outward”) akin to Sanskrit वर्धते (vardhate, “rise, grow”), or from Ancient Greek ἄρδις (árdis, “sharp point”). May ultimately be from Proto-Indo-European *reh₁t- (“bar, beam, stem”).

der

(anatomy) the radius (the outer bone of a forearm)


vulnero

la-verb

vulnerō (present infinitive vulnerāre, perfect active vulnerāvī, supine vulnerātum); first conjugation

vulnerō (canonical)
vulnerāre (infinitive present)
vulnerāvī (active perfect)
vulnerātum (supine)
vulnerō (active first-person indicative present singular)
vulnerās (active indicative present second-person singular)
vulnerat (active indicative present singular third-person)
vulnerāmus (active first-person indicative plural present)
vulnerātis (active indicative plural present second-person)
vulnerant (active indicative plural present third-person)
vulnerābam (active first-person imperfect indicative singular)
vulnerābās (active imperfect indicative second-person singular)
vulnerābat (active imperfect indicative singular third-person)
vulnerābāmus (active first-person imperfect indicative plural)
vulnerābātis (active imperfect indicative plural second-person)
vulnerābant (active imperfect indicative plural third-person)
vulnerābō (active first-person future indicative singular)
vulnerābis (active future indicative second-person singular)
vulnerābit (active future indicative singular third-person)
vulnerābimus (active first-person future indicative plural)
vulnerābitis (active future indicative plural second-person)
vulnerābunt (active future indicative plural third-person)
vulnerāvī (active first-person indicative perfect singular)
vulnerāvistī (active indicative perfect second-person singular)
vulnerāvit (active indicative perfect singular third-person)
vulnerāvimus (active first-person indicative perfect plural)
vulnerāvistis (active indicative perfect plural second-person)
vulnerāvērunt (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
vulnerāvēre (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
vulnerāveram (active first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
vulnerāverās (active indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
vulnerāverat (active indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
vulnerāverāmus (active first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
vulnerāverātis (active indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
vulnerāverant (active indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
vulnerāverō (active first-person future indicative perfect singular)
vulnerāveris (active future indicative perfect second-person singular)
vulnerāverit (active future indicative perfect singular third-person)
vulnerāverimus (active first-person future indicative perfect plural)
vulnerāveritis (active future indicative perfect plural second-person)
vulnerāverint (active future indicative perfect plural third-person)
vulneror (first-person indicative passive present singular)
vulnerāris (indicative passive present second-person singular)
vulnerāre (indicative passive present second-person singular)
vulnerātur (indicative passive present singular third-person)
vulnerāmur (first-person indicative passive plural present)
vulnerāminī (indicative passive plural present second-person)
vulnerantur (indicative passive plural present third-person)
vulnerābar (first-person imperfect indicative passive singular)
vulnerābāris (imperfect indicative passive second-person singular)
vulnerābāre (imperfect indicative passive second-person singular)
vulnerābātur (imperfect indicative passive singular third-person)
vulnerābāmur (first-person imperfect indicative passive plural)
vulnerābāminī (imperfect indicative passive plural second-person)
vulnerābantur (imperfect indicative passive plural third-person)
vulnerābor (first-person future indicative passive singular)
vulnerāberis (future indicative passive second-person singular)
vulnerābere (future indicative passive second-person singular)
vulnerābitur (future indicative passive singular third-person)
vulnerābimur (first-person future indicative passive plural)
vulnerābiminī (future indicative passive plural second-person)
vulnerābuntur (future indicative passive plural third-person)
vulnerem (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
vulnerēs (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
vulneret (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
vulnerēmus (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
vulnerētis (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
vulnerent (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
vulnerārem (active first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
vulnerārēs (active imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
vulnerāret (active imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
vulnerārēmus (active first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
vulnerārētis (active imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
vulnerārent (active imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
vulnerāverim (active first-person perfect singular subjunctive)
vulnerāverīs (active perfect second-person singular subjunctive)
vulnerāverit (active perfect singular subjunctive third-person)
vulnerāverīmus (active first-person perfect plural subjunctive)
vulnerāverītis (active perfect plural second-person subjunctive)
vulnerāverint (active perfect plural subjunctive third-person)
vulnerāvissem (active first-person pluperfect singular subjunctive)
vulnerāvissēs (active pluperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
vulnerāvisset (active pluperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
vulnerāvissēmus (active first-person pluperfect plural subjunctive)
vulnerāvissētis (active pluperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
vulnerāvissent (active pluperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
vulnerer (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
vulnerēris (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
vulnerēre (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
vulnerētur (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
vulnerēmur (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
vulnerēminī (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
vulnerentur (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
vulnerārer (first-person imperfect passive singular subjunctive)
vulnerārēris (imperfect passive second-person singular subjunctive)
vulnerārēre (imperfect passive second-person singular subjunctive)
vulnerārētur (imperfect passive singular subjunctive third-person)
vulnerārēmur (first-person imperfect passive plural subjunctive)
vulnerārēminī (imperfect passive plural second-person subjunctive)
vulnerārentur (imperfect passive plural subjunctive third-person)
vulnerā (active imperative present second-person singular)
vulnerāte (active imperative plural present second-person)
vulnerātō (active future imperative second-person singular)
vulnerātō (active future imperative singular third-person)
vulnerātōte (active future imperative plural second-person)
vulnerantō (active future imperative plural third-person)
vulnerāre (imperative passive present second-person singular)
vulnerāminī (imperative passive plural present second-person)
vulnerātor (future imperative passive second-person singular)
vulnerātor (future imperative passive singular third-person)
vulnerantor (future imperative passive plural third-person)
vulnerāre (active infinitive present)
vulnerāvisse (active infinitive perfect)
vulnerātūrum esse (active future infinitive)
vulnerārī (infinitive passive present)
vulnerātum esse (infinitive passive perfect)
vulnerātum īrī (future infinitive passive)
vulnerāns (active participle present)
vulnerātūrus (active future participle)
vulnerātus (participle passive perfect)
vulnerandus (future participle passive)
vulnerandī (genitive gerund noun-from-verb)
vulnerandō (dative gerund noun-from-verb)
vulnerandum (accusative gerund noun-from-verb)
vulnerandō (ablative gerund noun-from-verb)
vulnerātum (accusative noun-from-verb supine)
vulnerātū (ablative noun-from-verb supine)

Catalan: vulnerar

→ English: vulnerate

Galician: vulnerar

Italian: vulnerare

Portuguese: vulnerar

Romanian: vulnera

Spanish: vulnerar

[ˈu̯ʊɫ̪nɛroː]

From Proto-Italic *welanezāō. Related to vulnus (“wound”).

Puella dē arbore cecidit et crūs vulnerāvit.

The girl fell from a tree and hurt her leg.


vulnus

la-noun

vulnus n (genitive vulneris); third declension

vulneris (genitive)
vulnus (nominative singular)
vulnera (nominative plural)
vulneris (genitive singular)
vulnerum (genitive plural)
vulnerī (dative singular)
vulneribus (dative plural)
vulnus (accusative singular)
vulnera (accusative plural)
vulnere (ablative singular)
vulneribus (ablative plural)
vulnus (singular vocative)
vulnera (plural vocative)

[ˈu̯ʊɫ̪nʊs̠]

From Proto-Italic *welanos, perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *welh₃- (“to hit”). Cognate with Latin vellō.


corpus

corpus n (genitive corporis); third declension

corporis (genitive)
corpus (nominative singular)
corpora (nominative plural)
corporis (genitive singular)
corporum (genitive plural)
corporī (dative singular)
corporibus (dative plural)
corpus (accusative singular)
corpora (accusative plural)
corpore (ablative singular)
corporibus (ablative plural)
corpus (singular vocative)
corpora (plural vocative)

Eastern Romance:

Megleno-Romanian: corp

Franco-Provençal: corps

desctree

Old French: cors
Middle French: cors
French: corps
Karipúna Creole French: kó
→ Danish: korps
→ English: corps
→ Dutch: corps, korps
→ German: Korps
→ Norwegian Bokmål: korps
→ Norwegian Nynorsk: korps
→ Romanian: corp (in part)
→ Swedish: kår
Walloon: coirps, corps
→ Middle English: corse
English: corpse
→ Old Galician-Portuguese: cos
Galician: cós
Portuguese: cós

Gallo-Italic:

Emilian: côrp

Ligurian: còrpo

Lombard: còrp

Piedmontese: còrp

Italo-Dalmatian

Corsican: corpu

Gallurese: colpu

Dalmatian: cuarp, kuarp

Istriot: cuorpo

Italian: corpo

Neapolitan: cuorpo

Sassarese: coìpu

Sicilian: corpu

Old Occitan: cors

Catalan: cos

Occitan: còrs

Rhaeto-Romance:

Friulian: cuarp

Ladin: corp

Romansch: corp

Sardinian: cólpus, corpus, cropus

Venetan: corpo, corp

→ Cimbrian: khòrp

West Iberian:

Extremaduran: cuerpu

Old Leonese:

desc

Asturian: cuerpu, cuörpu, cuorpu, cuirpu, cuerpo

Leonese: cuerpu

Mirandese: cuorpo

Navarro-Aragonese: cuerpo

Aragonese: cuerpo

Old Galician-Portuguese: corpo

Fala: corpo

Galician: corpo

Portuguese: corpo

Guinea-Bissau Creole: kurpu

Kristang: korpu

Macanese: corpo

Old Spanish: cuerpo

Spanish: cuerpo

Borrowings:

→ Basque: gorputz

→ Proto-Brythonic: *korf

Breton: korv

Middle Welsh: corff

Welsh: corff

→ Catalan: corpus

→ English: corpus

→ Esperanto: korpo

Ido: korpo

→ German: Korpus

→ Romanian: corp

→ Middle High German: korper, körper, körpel

German: Körper

desctree

→ Old Irish: corp
Irish: corp
Manx: corp
Scottish Gaelic: corp

→ Portuguese: corpus

→ Russian: ко́рпус (kórpus)

→ Spanish: corpus

From Proto-Italic *korpos, from Proto-Indo-European *krépos (“body”), from the root *krep-. Equivalent to the Proto-Germanic neuter noun *hrefaz (“body, torso”), whence e.g. Old High German href, Old Dutch ref, Old English hrif (> English riff).

c. 65 AD, Seneca Minor, Epistulae Morales ad Lucilium, Epistula XCII

No one is free who is a slave to the body.

(anatomy) body, person (person when used to mean "human body", e.g., "on one's person")


sagitta

la-noun

sagitta f (genitive sagittae); first declension

sagittae (genitive)
sagitta (nominative singular)
sagittae (nominative plural)
sagittae (genitive singular)
sagittārum (genitive plural)
sagittae (dative singular)
sagittīs (dative plural)
sagittam (accusative singular)
sagittās (accusative plural)
sagittā (ablative singular)
sagittīs (ablative plural)
sagitta (singular vocative)
sagittae (plural vocative)

Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: sãdzeatã

Romanian: săgeată

Italo-Romance:

Italian: saetta

→ Maltese: sajjetta

Sicilian: sajitta

North Italian:

Friulian: saete

Istriot: sàita

Ladin: saëta, sita

Piedmontese: sajëta

Romansch: sajetta

Venetan: sita, saéta

Gallo-Romance:

Old French: saete, saiete; sajette (latinized)

French: sagette

Occitano-Romance:

Catalan: sageta

Occitan: sageta

Ibero-Romance:

Asturian: saeta

Old Galician-Portuguese: saeta

Galician: seta

Portuguese: seta

Spanish: saeta

Insular Romance:

Sardinian: saitta

Ancient borrowings:

→ Albanian: shigjetë

→ Tsakonian: σογίτθα (sogíttha)

→ Greek: σαΐτα (saḯta)

→ Old Irish: saiget (see there for further descendants)

→ Proto-Brythonic: *saɣeθ (see there for further descendants)

Later borrowings:

→ Catalan: sagita

→ English: sagitta

→ Esperanto: sago

→ Italian: sagitta

→ Translingual: Sagitta

→ Spanish: sagita

→ Volapük: sagit

[s̠äˈɡɪt̪ːä]

[säˈd͡ʒit̪ːä]

Unknown etymology. Probably from a pre-Latin Mediterranean language.
A minority view connects it to sāgiō (“to perceive quickly or keenly”).

(Late Latin, medicine) a lancet (instrument for bloodletting)


vinum

vīnum n (genitive vīnī); second declension

vīnum (canonical neuter)
vīnī (genitive)
vīnum (nominative singular)
vīna (nominative plural)
vīnī (genitive singular)
vīnōrum (genitive plural)
vīnō (dative singular)
vīnīs (dative plural)
vīnum (accusative singular)
vīna (accusative plural)
vīnō (ablative singular)
vīnīs (ablative plural)
vīnum (singular vocative)
vīna (plural vocative)

Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: yin, yinu

Istro-Romanian: vir

Megleno-Romanian: vin

Romanian: vin

Dalmatian:

vain

North Italian:

Friulian: vin

Istriot: veîn, vèin

Ladin: vin

Ligurian: vin

Lombard: vin

Piedmontese: vin

Romagnol: vẽn, vèin, vòin

Romansch: vin, vegn

Venetan: vin

Italo-Romance:

desctree

Italian: vino
→ English: vino
→ Sidamo: viino

Neapolitan: vino

Sicilian: vinu

Gallo-Romance:

Franco-Provençal: vin

Old French: vin (see there for further descendants)

Occitano-Romance:

Catalan: vi

Occitan: vin

Ibero-Romance:

Aragonese: vino

Old Leonese:

Asturian: vinu

Extremaduran: vinu

Leonese: vinu

Mirandese: bino

Old Galician-Portuguese: vinho, vỹo, vinno, viño
Fala: viñu
Galician: viño, vinho (reintegrationist), vĩo (Ancarese)
Portuguese: vinho (see there for further descendants)

Old Spanish: vino

Ladino: vino

Spanish: vino (see there for further descendants)

Insular Romance:

Sardinian: binu

Borrowings:

→ Proto-Celtic: *wīnom (see there for further descendants)

→ Etruscan: 𐌅𐌉𐌍𐌖𐌌 (vinum)

→ Proto-Germanic: *wīną (see there for further descendants)

→ Proto-Slavic: *vino (see there for further descendants)

From Proto-Italic *wīnom, from Proto-Indo-European *wóyh₁nom.

In vīnō vēritās.

Vīna bonus quae deinde cadīs onerārat Acestēs
lītore Trīnacriō dederatque abeuntibus hērōs
dīvidit ….
Next, wine – which good Acestes had loaded in casks along the Sicilian shore, and [which that] hero had given upon our departures – [Aeneas] divided up.

29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 1.195–197

(See: Acestes/Acestes; Aeneas/Aeneas; “Trinacria” was an ancient name for Sicily/Sicily.)

vīna quiēs sequitur
Rest is following the wines.

[Drink] [enough] wine, [and] rest follows.

Or, in more natural English, as implied by the plural vīna:


femur

la-noun

femur n (genitive feminis or femoris); third declension

feminis (genitive)
femoris (genitive)
femur (nominative singular)
femina (nominative plural)
femora (nominative plural)
feminis (genitive singular)
femoris (genitive singular)
feminum (genitive plural)
femorum (genitive plural)
feminī (dative singular)
femorī (dative singular)
feminibus (dative plural)
femoribus (dative plural)
femur (accusative singular)
femina (accusative plural)
femora (accusative plural)
femine (ablative singular)
femore (ablative singular)
feminibus (ablative plural)
femoribus (ablative plural)
femur (singular vocative)
femina (plural vocative)
femora (plural vocative)

→ Catalan: fèmur

→ English: femur

→ French: fémur

→ Galician: fémur

→ German: Femur

→ Italian: femore

→ Occitan: fèmur

→ Portuguese: fémur (Portugal), fêmur (Brazil)

→ Romanian: femur

→ Sicilian: fèmuri

→ Spanish: fémur

Uncertain. The heteroclitic (r/n) inflection is rather archaic (as also seen in iecur and iter), descending from Proto-Indo-European *-r̥ ~ *-n-, but no secure Proto-Indo-European origin for femur can be found. De Vaan and Lubotsky tentatively support Steinbauer's derivation from Proto-Indo-European *dʰénwr̥ (“arc, bow”); this is semantically attractive, but the hypothetical change from *-nw- to *-(n)m- from Proto-Indo-European to Latin is strange.


syphilis

la-noun

syphilis f (genitive syphilidis); third declension

syphilidis (genitive)
syphilis (nominative singular)
syphilidēs (nominative plural)
syphilidis (genitive singular)
syphilidum (genitive plural)
syphilidī (dative singular)
syphilidibus (dative plural)
syphilidem (accusative singular)
syphilidēs (accusative plural)
syphilide (ablative singular)
syphilidibus (ablative plural)
syphilis (singular vocative)
syphilidēs (plural vocative)

First used in 1530 by Girolamo Fracastoro, from the name of a mythical first sufferer of the disease, Syphilus.


calx

calx f (genitive calcis); third declension

calcis (genitive)
calx (nominative singular)
calcēs (nominative plural)
calcis (genitive singular)
calcium (genitive plural)
calcī (dative singular)
calcibus (dative plural)
calcem (accusative singular)
calcēs (accusative plural)
calcīs (accusative plural)
calce (ablative singular)
calcibus (ablative plural)
calx (singular vocative)
calcēs (plural vocative)

Direct reflexes:

Italian: calcio

Piedmontese: causs, còuss

desctree

Old Galician-Portuguese: couce m
Galician: couce m
Portuguese: coice m, (dated or dialectal) couce m

Old Spanish: coçe

Spanish: coz f

Derived forms:

⇒ Vulgar Latin: *calcīcāre

Catalan: calcigar

Occitan: calcigar

Sardinian: accaccigai

⇒ Medieval Latin: calcatrippa

desc

Italian: calcatrippa, calcatreppola, cacatreppola

→ Old English: calcatrippe

English: caltrop

Uncertain, with possibilities including:
* An extension of the Proto-Indo-European root *(s)kel- (“to bend”).
* Non-Indo-European (possibly Etruscan) origin; however, de Vaan notes the lack of a "concrete comparandum" for this.
* From Proto-Indo-European *klHk(ᵂ)-(n)-, related to Serbo-Croatian kuk (“thigh, hip”), Bulgarian кълка (kǎlka, “hip”), Russian колк (kolk, “bony stump”), Latvian kulksnis (“hock”), Lithuanian kulksnis (“ankle”), Old Prussian culczi (“hip”).


landica

la-noun

landīca f (genitive landīcae); first declension

landīca (canonical feminine)
landīcae (genitive)
landīca (nominative singular)
landīcae (nominative plural)
landīcae (genitive singular)
landīcārum (genitive plural)
landīcae (dative singular)
landīcīs (dative plural)
landīcam (accusative singular)
landīcās (accusative plural)
landīcā (ablative singular)
landīcīs (ablative plural)
landīca (singular vocative)
landīcae (plural vocative)

Old French: landie

Romanian: lindic

[ɫ̪än̪ˈd̪iːkä]

Probably for *glandīca, from glāns (“acorn”) + -īcus. Less probably related to lateō (“I am concealed”). Sense 2 and 3 seem to have something to do with a semantic parallel to ἐσχάρα (eskhára), which is affirmed by the gloss landīca – εσχαρίδι<ο>ν.

At dī deaeque dentibus tuīs ēscam
negent, amīcae cunnilinge vīcīnae,
per quem puella fortis ante nec mendāx
et quae solēbat impigrō celer passū
ad nōs venīre, nunc misella landīcae

c. 100 CE, anonymous, Carmina Priapea 78, (Choliambic meter)

PETO [LA]NDICAM FVLVIAE

41 BCE, anonymous, Inscription on a leaden sling-bullet, (CIL XI 6721)


labium

labium n (genitive labiī or labī); second declension

labiī (genitive)
labī (genitive)
labium (nominative singular)
labia (nominative plural)
labiī (genitive singular)
labī (genitive singular)
labiōrum (genitive plural)
labiō (dative singular)
labiīs (dative plural)
labium (accusative singular)
labia (accusative plural)
labiō (ablative singular)
labiīs (ablative plural)
labium (singular vocative)
labia (plural vocative)

Catalan: llavi

→ English: labium

→ Italian: labio

→ Portuguese: lábio

→ Spanish: labio

From Proto-Indo-European *leb- (“to hang loosely”), making it cognate with Proto-Germanic *lepô (“lip”), although (as with many other roots reconstructed with *b) there is some doubt about whether this root goes back to Proto-Indo-European. Lab- may be the regular outcome of zero-grade tautosyllabic *l̥b.-. Doublet of labrum.


lingua

la-noun

lingua f (genitive linguae); first declension

linguae (genitive)
lingua (nominative singular)
linguae (nominative plural)
linguae (genitive singular)
linguārum (genitive plural)
linguae (dative singular)
linguīs (dative plural)
linguam (accusative singular)
linguās (accusative plural)
linguā (ablative singular)
linguīs (ablative plural)
lingua (singular vocative)
linguae (plural vocative)

Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: limbã

Istro-Romanian: limbĕ

Megleno-Romanian: limbă

Romanian: limbă

Dalmatian:

langa, luanga

Italo-Romance:

Corsican: lingua

desctree

Italian: lingua
→ Greek: λίγκα (lígka)
→ Maltese: lingwa
→? Sabir: lingua

⇒ Italian: linguine (see there for further descendants)

Neapolitan: lengua, lenga

Sicilian: lingua

North Italian:

Gallo-Italic:

Emilian: längua

Ligurian: lengua

Lombard: lengua

Piedmontese: lenga

Romagnol: lèngva

Rhaeto-Romance:

Friulian: lenghe

Ladin: lënga

desc

Romansch: lieunga, lengua, glianga, laungia, leua

Istriot: lèngua, lengua, laèngua

Venetan: łéngua, łéngoa, léngoa, lengoa, léngua

Gallo-Romance:

Franco-Provençal: lengoua

desctree

Old French: langue, lingue, lengue
Middle French: langue
French: langue (see there for further descendants)
Champenois: laingue
Franc-Comtois: landye
Norman: laungue
Picard: lingue
Poitevin-Saintongeais: lengue
Walloon: linwe

Occitano-Romance:

Old Catalan: lengua

Catalan: llengua

Old Occitan: lengua, lenga
Occitan: lenga
Gascon: lengua
Limousin: linga
Provençal: lengo, lenguo

Ibero-Romance:

desc

Aragonese: luenga (with metathesis of /w/)

Old Leonese:

Asturian: llingua, llengua, lluengua (Eastern Asturias), ḷḷingua, ḷḷuinga (Ayer), chingua (Valdés), chengua (Valdés), yuönga (Cabrales)

Extremaduran: luenga

Leonese: llingua

Mirandese: lhéngua

desctree

Old Galician-Portuguese: lingua, lengua, lingoa, lengoa
Fala: lengua
Galician: lingua
Portuguese: língua (see there for further descendants)

Old Spanish: lengua

Ladino: לינגוה / lengua, lingua

Spanish: lengua
Chavacano: lengua
Papiamentu: lenga

Insular Romance:

desc

Sardinian: limba (Logudorese), lingua (Campidanese)

Borrowings:

→ English: lingua

→ Esperanto: lingvo

From older dingua (attested as a rare word in Gaius Marius Victorinus), from Proto-Italic *denɣwā, from Proto-Indo-European *dn̥ǵʰwéh₂s. The change of d- to l- is variously explained by a borrowing from another Italic language with such a shift and/or by a folk-etymological association with the verb lingō (“to lick”); compare Old Armenian լեզու (lezu) and Lithuanian liežùvis for the latter process. Other cognates include German Zunge and English tongue.

Lingua herba nascitur circa fontes.

c. 77 CE – 79 CE, Pliny the Elder, Naturalis Historia 24.170

The plant called "tongue" grows around springs.

(transferred sense)
tongue-shaped things:
Ranunculus lingua (a flowering plant)


cancer

la-noun

cancer m (genitive cancrī); second declension

cancrī (genitive)
cancer (nominative singular)
cancrī (nominative plural)
cancrī (genitive singular)
cancrōrum (genitive plural)
cancrō (dative singular)
cancrīs (dative plural)
cancrum (accusative singular)
cancrōs (accusative plural)
cancrō (ablative singular)
cancrīs (ablative plural)
cancer (singular vocative)
cancrī (plural vocative)

desc

Asturian: cáncanu, cancru, cangru (“crab louse”)

→ Old English: cancer

Middle English: canker

English: canker

→ Irish: cancar

→ Welsh: cancr

Old French: chancre

desctree

Middle French: chancre
French: chancre
→ English: chancre
Norman: chancre

Walloon: crantche

Friulian: cancar (from a dialectal variant *cáncaro),
 granç (via Late Latin cancrus)

desc

Galician: cáncaro, cángaro, cancro, cangrio

→ Middle Irish: cainncer

q

Italian: granchio (via metathesis of Late Latin cancrulus > *cranclus)

Old Occitan:

Catalan: cranc, carranc

Occitan: cranc

Portuguese: carango (“crab louse”)

Sicilian: garanciu

→ Maltese: granċ

Old Spanish: cangro

desctree

⇒ Spanish: cangrejo
→ Asturian: cangrexu
→ Galician: cangrexo, caranguexo
→ Portuguese: caranguejo

Venetan: cancaro (from a dialectal variant *cáncaro), granso (via Late Latin cancrus)

→ Proto-Brythonic: *krank

Asturian: cáncer

Catalan: càncer

English: cancer

French: cancer
→ Romanian: cancer
→ Turkish: kanser
, cancre

Middle Dutch: canker

Dutch: kanker
Afrikaans: kanker
→ Caribbean Javanese: kangker
→ Indonesian: kanker
→ Minangkabau: kangker
→ Papiamentu: kanker

Italian: cancro

Norman: cancèr

Occitan: càncer

Portuguese: cancro, câncer

Spanish: cáncer, cancro

Walloon: cancer

From Proto-Italic *kankros, dissimilation of Proto-Italic *karkros (“enclosure”) (because the pincers of a crab form a circle), from Proto-Indo-European *kr-kr- (“circular”), reduplication of Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to turn, bend”) in the sense of "enclosure", and as such a doublet of carcer. Cognate with curvus. The medical sense, found in Celsus, seems likely to be a calque of Ancient Greek καρκίνος (karkínos, “crab; ulcer; cancer”), which is possibly cognate.


pestis

la-noun

pestis f (genitive pestis); third declension

pestis (genitive)
pestis (nominative singular)
pestēs (nominative plural)
pestis (genitive singular)
pestium (genitive plural)
pestī (dative singular)
pestibus (dative plural)
pestem (accusative singular)
pestēs (accusative plural)
pestīs (accusative plural)
peste (ablative singular)
pestibus (ablative plural)
pestis (singular vocative)
pestēs (plural vocative)

Catalan: pesta

→ Hungarian: pestis

→ Italian: peste

→ Middle French: peste

French: peste

→ Danish: pest

→ German: Pest

→ Norwegian: pest

→ Romanian: pestă

→ Swedish: pest

→ Dutch: pest

→ English: pest

→ Portuguese: peste

→ Spanish: peste

→ Cebuano: pisti

[ˈpɛs̠t̪ɪs̠]

Of uncertain origin. Equated with a supposed second element of Younger Avestan 𐬐𐬀𐬞𐬀𐬯𐬙𐬌𐬱 (kapastiš), the name of an illness, which beside ka-pastiš has its morphological boundaries also rendered kap-astiš and been identified with Persian کبست (kabast, “colocynth; deadly poison”), with seemingly the suffix as Persian دهمست (dahmast, “laurel”) if not اسپست (aspest, “lucerne”).

cog

Quam simul ac tālī persēnsit peste tenērī ….

And as soon as [Juno] sensed that [Dido was now] gripped by such a plague [of passion] ….
(Erotic passion here is likened to a deadly disease.)

Ēripite hanc pestem perniciemque mihi!

c. 84 BCE – 54 BCE, Catullus, Carmina 76.20


crus

la-noun

crūs n (genitive crūris); third declension

crūs (canonical neuter)
crūris (genitive)
crūs (nominative singular)
crūra (nominative plural)
crūris (genitive singular)
crūrum (genitive plural)
crūrī (dative singular)
crūribus (dative plural)
crūs (accusative singular)
crūra (accusative plural)
crūre (ablative singular)
crūribus (ablative plural)
crūs (singular vocative)
crūra (plural vocative)

Unclear. Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *ḱruH- based on Old Armenian սրունք (srunkʻ, “leg, shank”). However, other etymologies have been proposed for the Armenian word, such as a loan from Iranian *sraun- (cf. Avestan 𐬯𐬭𐬀𐬊𐬥𐬌 (sraoni)) among others. Albanian kërci may also be a cognate.

cog

quod pectus, quod crura tibi, quod bracchia vellis


ren

la-noun

rēn m (genitive rēnis); third declension

rēn (canonical masculine)
rēnis (genitive)
rēn (nominative singular)
rēnēs (nominative plural)
rēnis (genitive singular)
rēnum (genitive plural)
rēnī (dative singular)
rēnibus (dative plural)
rēnem (accusative singular)
rēnēs (accusative plural)
rēne (ablative singular)
rēnibus (ablative plural)
rēn (singular vocative)
rēnēs (plural vocative)

Balkan Romance:

Romanian: rână

Italo-Romance:

Italian: rene

Sicilian: rini

North-Italian:

Gallo-Italic:

Piedmontese: ren

Venetan: reno

Gallo-Romance:

Franco-Provençal: ren

desctree

Old French: rein, rain
Middle French: rein
French: rein
Norman: rein
Walloon: rino, rno, rin
→ English: rein

Occitano-Romance:

Occitan: ren

Ibero-Romance:

⇒ Aragonese: renera

desc

Old Galician-Portuguese: rẽes f pl (“hips”) (from the plural)

Galician: rens, res

Old Galician-Portuguese:

Galician: rin

Portuguese: rim

Spanish: rene (dated)

Sardinian:

rene

⇒ Vulgar Latin: *rēna

Gascon: rea, arrea, arreia, arria, arriá, arrenha

⇒ Vulgar Latin: *rēnile

Old Galician-Portuguese: *rẽil

Galician: ril, rinle

⇒ Vulgar Latin: *rēniō (see there for further descendants)

Borrowings:

→ Gheg Albanian: rrâni

→ English: ren (learned)

→ Interlingua: ren

Uncertain. Several etymologies proposed:
* From Proto-Italic *hrēn, cognate with Ancient Greek φρήν (phrḗn, “heart, midriff, mind”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰrḗn (“an internal part of the body”).
* Earlier *srēn, cognate with Old Prussian straunay, Lithuanian strė́nos, srė́nos f pl (“loins”), Latvian striena (“loins”) and Avestan 𐬭𐬁𐬥𐬀- (rāna-, “thigh”), from Proto-Indo-European *srḗn (“hip, loins”). Further disputed connection with Ancient Greek ῥάχις (rhákhis, “spine, chine”).
* Cognate with Tocharian A āriñc, Tocharian B arañce (“heart”) and Hittite 𒄩𒄩𒊑 (ḫa-ḫa-ri- /ḫaḫri-/, “lungs ~ midriff ?”) (exact meaning uncertain), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eh₂-ri-, *h₂eh₂-r-en- (“an internal organ”). Compare also Old Irish áru and Welsh aren (“kidney”).


pugnus

la-noun

pugnus m (genitive pugnī); second declension

pugnī (genitive)
pugnus (nominative singular)
pugnī (nominative plural)
pugnī (genitive singular)
pugnōrum (genitive plural)
pugnō (dative singular)
pugnīs (dative plural)
pugnum (accusative singular)
pugnōs (accusative plural)
pugnō (ablative singular)
pugnīs (ablative plural)
pugne (singular vocative)
pugnī (plural vocative)

Aromanian: pulmu

Asturian: puñu

Catalan: puny

Corsican: pugnu

Emilian: pùgn

Esperanto: pugno

Friulian: pugn

Ido: pugno

Istriot: poûgno

desctree

Italian: pugno
→ Greek: μπουνιά f (bouniá)

Lombard: pugn

Neapolitan: punio

Old French: poing
Middle French: poing
French: poing
Norman: poing
Walloon: pougn

Old Galician-Portuguese: punno, puno, puño, punho
Galician: puño
Portuguese: punho

Old Occitan:

Occitan: ponh, punh

Old Spanish:

Spanish: puño

Romanian: pumn

Romansch: pugn, puogn

Sardinian: punzu, prunzu, pungiu, puniu

Sicilian: pugnu

Venetan: pugno

From Proto-Italic *pugnos, from Proto-Indo-European *puǵnos, *puḱnos, from *pewǵ- (“prick, punch”). Near cognates include Ancient Greek πυγμή (pugmḗ, “fist”). Related to pungō.

a fist; a hand with all fingers curled up


vertex

la-noun

vertex m (genitive verticis); third declension

verticis (genitive)
vertex (nominative singular)
verticēs (nominative plural)
verticis (genitive singular)
verticum (genitive plural)
verticī (dative singular)
verticibus (dative plural)
verticem (accusative singular)
verticēs (accusative plural)
vertice (ablative singular)
verticibus (ablative plural)
vertex (singular vocative)
verticēs (plural vocative)

desc

Lombard: vierdza, verdza, értes, vértisa (“parting of the hair”)

Piedmontese: verdz̆a (“peak”)

Romansch: viertsch, vertscha

→ Old French: vertiz (“top of the head”)

→ Old Occitan: vertitz, vertis

→ English: vertex

→ French: vertex

→ Italian: vertice

→ Portuguese: vértice

→ Sicilian: vèrtici

→ Spanish: vértice

From vertō (“to turn around, turn about”).

(literally, anatomy) top, crown of the head


uterus

la-noun

uterus m (genitive uterī); second declension

uterī (genitive)
uterus (nominative singular)
uterī (nominative plural)
uterī (genitive singular)
uterōrum (genitive plural)
uterō (dative singular)
uterīs (dative plural)
uterum (accusative singular)
uterōs (accusative plural)
uterō (ablative singular)
uterīs (ablative plural)
utere (singular vocative)
uterī (plural vocative)

Catalan: úter

desctree

English: uterus
→ Czech: uterus
→ Malay: uterus
→ Swahili: uterasi

French: utérus

Galician: útero

Interlingua: utero

Italian: utero

Malay: uterus

Piedmontese: ùter/üter

Portuguese: útero

Romanian: uter

Sicilian: ùtiru

Spanish: útero

→ Turkish: uterus

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *úd
Proto-Indo-European *-teros
Proto-Indo-European *úderos
Latin uterus
From Proto-Indo-European *úderos (“abdomen, stomach”), from *úd (“out, outward”) + *-eros (contrastive suffix).


ruma

la-noun

rū̆ma f (genitive rū̆mae); first declension

rū̆ma (canonical feminine)
rū̆mae (genitive)
rū̆ma (nominative singular)
rū̆mae (nominative plural)
rū̆mae (genitive singular)
rū̆mārum (genitive plural)
rū̆mae (dative singular)
rū̆mīs (dative plural)
rū̆mam (accusative singular)
rū̆mās (accusative plural)
rū̆mā (ablative singular)
rū̆mīs (ablative plural)
rū̆ma (singular vocative)
rū̆mae (plural vocative)

Unknown. Possibly from Etruscan 𐌓𐌖𐌌 (rum).

etymon

rū̆ma


ruma

la-noun

rūma f (genitive rūmae); first declension

rūma (canonical feminine)
rūmae (genitive)
rūma (nominative singular)
rūmae (nominative plural)
rūmae (genitive singular)
rūmārum (genitive plural)
rūmae (dative singular)
rūmīs (dative plural)
rūmam (accusative singular)
rūmās (accusative plural)
rūmā (ablative singular)
rūmīs (ablative plural)
rūma (singular vocative)
rūmae (plural vocative)

etymon

rū̆ma


mucus

la-noun

mūcus m (genitive mūcī); second declension

mūcus (canonical masculine)
mūcī (genitive)
mūcus (nominative singular)
mūcī (nominative plural)
mūcī (genitive singular)
mūcōrum (genitive plural)
mūcō (dative singular)
mūcīs (dative plural)
mūcum (accusative singular)
mūcōs (accusative plural)
mūcō (ablative singular)
mūcīs (ablative plural)
mūce (singular vocative)
mūcī (plural vocative)

Aromanian: muc, mucã

Catalan: moc

Corsican: moccia

English: mucus

French: mucus
→ Turkish: mukus

Italian: moccio, muco

Occitan: moc

Old French: moche

Portuguese: monco, muco

Romanian: muc

Sardinian: mucu, muccu

Sicilian: muccu

Spanish: moco

Venetan: mocoło, moso

From Proto-Italic *moukos, from Proto-Indo-European *mew-k- (“slimy, slippery”). Cognates include Ancient Greek μύκης (múkēs, “mushroom”).


-itis

-ītis (canonical feminine)
-ītidis (genitive)
-ītis (nominative singular)
-ītidēs (nominative plural)
-ītidis (genitive singular)
-ītidum (genitive plural)
-ītidī (dative singular)
-ītidibus (dative plural)
-ītidem (accusative singular)
-ītidēs (accusative plural)
-ītide (ablative singular)
-ītidibus (ablative plural)
-ītis (singular vocative)
-ītidēs (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek -ῖτις (-îtis, “pertaining to”).

lbor

(New Latin, pathology) -itis (suffix denoting diseases characterized by inflammation, itself often caused by an infection)


coma

la-noun

coma f (genitive comae); first declension

comae (genitive)
coma (nominative singular)
comae (nominative plural)
comae (genitive singular)
comārum (genitive plural)
comae (dative singular)
comīs (dative plural)
comam (accusative singular)
comās (accusative plural)
comā (ablative singular)
comīs (ablative plural)
coma (singular vocative)
comae (plural vocative)

Albanian: komë

Aragonese: coma

Aromanian: coamã

English: coma

Italian: coma, chioma

Portuguese: coma

Romanian: coamă

Spanish: coma

Borrowed from Ancient Greek κόμη (kómē, “hair of the head”).


dens

la-noun

dēns m (genitive dentis); third declension

dēns (canonical masculine)
dentis (genitive)
dēns (nominative singular)
dentēs (nominative plural)
dentis (genitive singular)
dentium (genitive plural)
dentī (dative singular)
dentibus (dative plural)
dentem (accusative singular)
dentēs (accusative plural)
dentīs (accusative plural)
dente (ablative singular)
dentibus (ablative plural)
dēns (singular vocative)
dentēs (plural vocative)

Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: dinti f, dinte f

Istro-Romanian: dinte

Megleno-Romanian: dinti m

Romanian: dinte m

Dalmatian:

diant m

Italo-Romance:

Corsican: dente, denti

Italian: dente m

Neapolitan: dente m

Sicilian: denti m

Insular Romance:

Sardinian: dènte

Padanian:

Piedmontese: dent m

Romagnol: dént m (Ville Unite)

Venetan: dénte m

Rhaeto-Romance:

Friulian: dint m

Ladin: dent m

Lombard: dent m

Romansch: dent m

Gallo-Romance:

Franco-Provençal: dent f

Oïl:

Picard: dint

desctree

Old French: dent m
Middle French: dent f
French: dent f
Walloon: dint f

Oc:

Catalan: dent f

Occitan: dent f

Ibero-Romance:

Aragonese: dient m

Asturian: diente m

Mirandese: diente m

Old Galician-Portuguese: dente m
Fala: denti m
Galician: dente m
Portuguese: dente m

Spanish: diente m

→ English: dens

→ Esperanto: dento

→ Interlingua: dente

From Proto-Italic *dents, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃dónts. Cognates include Ancient Greek ὀδούς (odoús), Sanskrit दत् (dát), Lithuanian dantìs, Old English tōþ (English tooth), Armenian ատամ (atam).

nec procul ā stabulīs audet discēdere, sīquā

Nor [does a] lamb dare to withdraw far from the sheep-folds, if it was ever torn from the teeth of a hungry wolf.
(The flexibility of Latin word order allows Ovid to heighten tension by enjoining the words for lamb and wolf. Translations vary; was the lamb ever torn “by the teeth” of a wolf, or did a shepherd once rescue the lamb “from the teeth” of a wolf?)

prō dentibus gladiōs habent

1803, Joanne Nep. Alber, Interpretatio Sacrae Scripturae per Omnes Veteris et Novi Testamenti Libros, 30:14, page 172:


sanguis

la-noun

sanguī̆s m (genitive sanguinis); third declension

sanguī̆s (canonical masculine)
sanguinis (genitive)
sanguī̆s (nominative singular)
sanguinēs (nominative plural)
sanguinis (genitive singular)
sanguinum (genitive plural)
sanguinī (dative singular)
sanguinibus (dative plural)
sanguinem (accusative singular)
sanguinēs (accusative plural)
sanguine (ablative singular)
sanguinibus (ablative plural)
sanguī̆s (singular vocative)
sanguinēs (plural vocative)
sanguis (nominative singular)
sanguēs (nominative plural)
sanguis (genitive singular)
sanguium (genitive plural)
sanguī (dative singular)
sanguibus (dative plural)
sanguem (accusative singular)
sanguēs (accusative plural)
sanguīs (accusative plural)
sangue (ablative singular)
sanguī (ablative singular)
sanguibus (ablative plural)
sanguis (singular vocative)
sanguēs (plural vocative)

la-ndecl

Classical Latin; third-declension noun.

Later 'Vulgar' Latin; third-declension noun.

Ibero-Romance:

Aragonese: sangre

Asturian: sangre

Old Galician-Portuguese: sangue, sangre

Fala: sangri

Galician: sangue

Portuguese: sangue

Old Spanish: sangne, sangre

Ladino: sangre (Latin spelling)

Spanish: sangre

Papiamentu: sanger, sangro

Insular Romance:

Sardinian:

Campidanese: sàmbini, sànguni

Logudorese: sambene, sambine

Borrowings:

→ Interlingua: sanguine

Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: sãndzi, sãndze, sendzi

Istro-Romanian: sănze

Megleno-Romanian: sǫnzi

Romanian: sânge

Dalmatian:

suang

Italo-Romance:

Corsican: sangui, sangue

Gallurese: sangu

Sassarese: sangu

Italian: sangue

desc

Judeo-Italian: סַאנְגוּוַה (saʾnəguvah /sangua/)

Neapolitan: sango, sanco (most dialects)

Cieti: sangio

San Valentino: sanghe

Silano: sangiuo

Old Sicilian: sangui

Sicilian: sangu, sancu

North Italian:

Gallo-Italic:

Emilian: sangeu, sanguv, sango, sanco

Ladin: sango, sanc

Ligurian: sanghe, sangue

Lombard: sangu, sancu, sanc

Piedmontese: sango, sanco, sanc

Friulian: sanc, sang

Old Venetan: sango, sangue

Venetan: sangue

Romansch: sang, saung

Gallo-Romance:

Franco-Provençal: sang

desctree

Old French: sanc
Champenois: sang
French: sang
Franc-Comtois: saing
Norman: sang
Walloon: sonk

Antillean Creole: san

Haitian Creole: san

→ Esperanto: sango

→ Ido: sango

Occitano-Romance:

Catalan: sang

Occitan: sang

[ˈs̠äŋɡʷiːs̠]

[ˈs̠äŋɡʷɪs̠]

Older sanguīs, later regularized with a short /i/, likely for *sanguīns, from Proto-Italic *sangwens, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁sh₂-én-, oblique stem of *h₁ésh₂r̥ (“blood”), whence also saniēs (“ichor; ulcer”) via suffixation.
The nominative of the original paradigm is likely to be reflected as Old Latin assyr, as(c)er (found in glosses only). It's disputed whether sanguen is the earlier form, but it seems more likely that it's a later reshaping on the analogy of unguen, inguen, since if original, the addition of -s- to it would be reflected as *sanguēs.
It has also supposed that may be related to Etruscan 𐌔𐌀𐌍𐌗𐌖𐌍𐌄𐌕𐌀 (sanxuneta, “the sanguinary”), with the enclitic article -𐌕𐌀 (-ta) (assuming, contrary to the usual view, that sanguis is not of Indo-European origin).
Cognate to Hittite 𒂊𒌍𒄯 (ēšḫar), Sanskrit असृज् (ásṛj), Ancient Greek ἔαρ (éar), Old Armenian արիւն (ariwn).

cog

Tuscō sanguine terra rubet

Plūrēs efficimur, quotiēns mētīmur ā vōbīs: sēmen est sanguī̆s Chrīstiānōrum.

c. 160 CE – c. 225 CE, Tertullian, Apologeticus L.13

Translation by Alexander Souter
We spring up in greater numbers the more we are mown down by you: the blood of the Christians is the seed of a new life.

‘Iuppiter,’ inquit, ‘habet Rōmāna potentia vīrēs:

‘‘Oh, Jupiter,’’ he said, ‘‘The Roman power [the Roman political state] [now] has strength [of its own]:
It has no [further] need with the service of my blood [progeny; descendant].’’
(Jupiter hears the plea of Mars to deify his son Romulus (mythology).)

descent, descendant, parentage, progeny, blood relative, flesh-and-blood, family, race


testiculus

la-noun

testiculus m (genitive testiculī); second declension

testiculī (genitive)
testiculus (nominative singular)
testiculī (nominative plural)
testiculī (genitive singular)
testiculōrum (genitive plural)
testiculō (dative singular)
testiculīs (dative plural)
testiculum (accusative singular)
testiculōs (accusative plural)
testiculō (ablative singular)
testiculīs (ablative plural)
testicule (singular vocative)
testiculī (plural vocative)

→ English: testicle

→ Catalan: testicle

→ French: testicule

→ Italian: testicolo

→ Portuguese: testículo

→ Romanian: testicul

→ Spanish: testículo

[t̪ɛs̠ˈt̪ɪkʊɫ̪ʊs̠]


genu

genū n (genitive genūs); fourth declension

genū (canonical neuter)
genūs (genitive)
genū (nominative singular)
genua (nominative plural)
genūs (genitive singular)
genuum (genitive plural)
genū (dative singular)
genibus (dative plural)
genū (accusative singular)
genua (accusative plural)
genū (ablative singular)
genibus (ablative plural)
genū (singular vocative)
genua (plural vocative)

Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch
de:Peter Stotz

Portuguese: geio (“terrace”) (Trás-os-Montes)

PIE word
 *ǵónu
From Proto-Italic *genu, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵónu. Cognate with Ancient Greek γόνῠ (gónu, “knee; plant node”), German Knie, English knee, Dutch knie.

cog

4th century, St. Jerome, Vulgate, Philippians 2:10 https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Philippenses%202&version=VULGATE
ut in nomine Jesu omne genu flectatur caelestium, terrestrium et infernorum

that at the name of Jesus every knee should bend, of those in heaven, on earth, and under the earth.

(literally, anatomy) a knee, kneejoint, kneepan


stella

la-noun

stēlla f (genitive stēllae); first declension

stēlla (canonical feminine)
stēllae (genitive)
stēlla (nominative singular)
stēllae (nominative plural)
stēllae (genitive singular)
stēllārum (genitive plural)
stēllae (dative singular)
stēllīs (dative plural)
stēllam (accusative singular)
stēllās (accusative plural)
stēllā (ablative singular)
stēllīs (ablative plural)
stēlla (singular vocative)
stēllae (plural vocative)

Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: steauã

Istro-Romanian: ste

Megleno-Romanian: steau̯ă

Romanian: stea

Dalmatian:

stala, stalla

Italo-Romance:

Corsican: stella, stedda, stidda

Gallurese: stedda, istella, stella

Italian: stella, Stella

→ Sardinian: istella, stella

Neapolitan: stella

Sassarese: isthella, sthella

desctree

Sicilian: stiḍḍa, stidda (eye dialect), steḍḍa, stella (misspelled and Italianized)
Italian: Stidda
Maltese: stilla

q

many via <i class="Latn mention" lang="la">stēla</i>

Padanian: (many via stēla)

Gallo-Italic:

Emilian: strèla

Lombard: stela

Ligurian: stela

Piedmontese: stèila, steila

Friulian: stele

Istriot: stila

Ladin: stëila

Romansch: staila, steila, stéla

Venetan: steła

Insular Romance:

Sardinian: isteddu, steddu m

all via <i class="Latn mention" lang="la">stēla</i>

Gallo-Romance: (all via stēla)

Catalan: estela, estel

Franco-Provençal: ètêla

Old French: estoile (see there for further descendants)

Occitan: estela

Ibero-Romance:

Aragonese: estrela

Asturian: estrella

Extremaduran: estrella

Leonese: estrella

Mirandese: streilha

Old Galician-Portuguese: estrela (see there for further descendants)

Old Spanish: estrella (see there for further descendants)

→ Danish: Stella

→ Dutch: Stella

→ English: stella, Stella

→ Esperanto: stelo
Ido: stelo

→ Faroese: Stella

→ German: Stella

→ Icelandic: Stella

→ Interlingua: stella

desctree

→ Old Occitan: stella
Occitan: estela, estiala
Occitan: Estela
→ French: Estelle

→ Spanish: Estela

→ Swedish: Stella

→ Volapük: stel

[ˈs̠t̪eːlːʲä]

From Proto-Italic *stērlā, diminutive of Proto-Indo-European *h₂stḗr.

stēla

late, attested in Anonymous Valesianus II


elixir

la-noun

elixir n (genitive elixiris); third declension

elixiris (genitive)
elixir (nominative singular)
elixira (nominative plural)
elixiris (genitive singular)
elixirium (genitive plural)
elixirum (genitive plural)
elixirī (dative singular)
elixiribus (dative plural)
elixir (accusative singular)
elixira (accusative plural)
elixire (ablative singular)
elixiribus (ablative plural)
elixir (singular vocative)
elixira (plural vocative)

Old French: elixir

French: élixir

→ Middle English: elixir, elixer

English: elixir

[ɛˈlʲɪks̠ɪr]

From Arabic اَلْإِكْسِير (al-ʔiksīr), from Koine Greek ξηρίον (xēríon, “medicinal powder”), ellipsis of ξηρίον φάρμακον (xēríon phármakon, literally “dry powder medicine”) from Ancient Greek ξηρός (xērós, “dry”).

der

اَلْإِكْسِير

ellipsis

ξηρίον φάρμακον


palpebra

la-noun

palpebra f (genitive palpebrae); first declension

palpebrae (genitive)
palpebra (nominative singular)
palpebrae (nominative plural)
palpebrae (genitive singular)
palpebrārum (genitive plural)
palpebrae (dative singular)
palpebrīs (dative plural)
palpebram (accusative singular)
palpebrās (accusative plural)
palpebrā (ablative singular)
palpebrīs (ablative plural)
palpebra (singular vocative)
palpebrae (plural vocative)

Italo-Romance:

Sicilian: pàrpitra

North-Italian:

Friulian: palpiere

desc

Piedmontese: parpèira, parpèira, parpèra, palpèra, parpèla, parpaivre, parpaj

Venetan: palpiera, palpera

Gallo-Romance:

Aragonese: parpiello

Catalan: palpa, palpebra, pàlpet, pàrpet, parpell, parpall, parpalla, pàrpol, parpre, pipella

French: paupière

Gascon: parpèra, perpèra

Occitan: parpèla

Ibero-Romance:

Asturian: párpagu, párpadu

Galician: perfeba, perceba, prefreba

Spanish: párpado

Borrowings:

→ English: palpebra

→ Esperanto: palpebro

→ Galician: pálpebra

→ Ido: palpebro

→ Interlingua: palpebra

→ Italian: palpebra

→ Middle English: palpebre

→ Portuguese: pálpebra

→ Spanish: pálpebra

From palpō (“to touch softly; to caress, flatter”) + -bra (instrumental noun suffix).

suffix

[ˈpäɫ̪pɛbrä]

(literal, usually in the plural) an eyelid


psoleos

la-noun

psōleos m (genitive psōleī); second declension

psōleos (canonical masculine)
psōleī (genitive)
psōleos (nominative singular)
psōleī (nominative plural)
psōleī (genitive singular)
psōleōrum (genitive plural)
psōleō (dative singular)
psōleīs (dative plural)
psōleon (accusative singular)
psōleōs (accusative plural)
psōleō (ablative singular)
psōleīs (ablative plural)
psōlee (singular vocative)
psōleī (plural vocative)

[ˈps̠oːɫ̪eɔs̠]


oculus

oculus m (genitive oculī); second declension

oculī (genitive)
oculus (nominative singular)
oculī (nominative plural)
oculī (genitive singular)
oculōrum (genitive plural)
oculō (dative singular)
oculīs (dative plural)
oculum (accusative singular)
oculōs (accusative plural)
oculō (ablative singular)
oculīs (ablative plural)
ocule (singular vocative)
oculī (plural vocative)

Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: oclju

Megleno-Romanian: uocľu

Istro-Romanian: ocľu

Romanian: ochi

Dalmatian:

uaclo, vaclo

Italo-Romance:

Corsican: ochju

Italian: occhio

Neapolitan: uocchio

Tarantino: uècchije

Sassarese: occi

Sicilian: occhiu

Insular Romance:

Sardinian: ogru, ogu, oju, ogiu, ociu

Western Romance of N. Italy and environs:

Gallo-Italic:

Emilian: òć

Ligurian: éuggio, éuglio, éujo

Lombard: oeugg, oeugl

Piedmontese: eucc, euj

Romagnol: òcc

Friulian: voli

Istriot: uocio

Ladin: uedl

Romansch: egl, îgl, îl, ögl

Venetan: ocio

Gallo-Romance:

Franco-Provençal: uely

Old French: ueil (see there for further descendants)

Occitano-Romance:

Old Occitan: olh
Occitan: uèlh

Catalan: ull

Aragonese: uello

Ibero-Romance:

Mozarabic: ולויש (wlwyš) (only the plural is attested)

Old Leonese: [Term?]

Asturian: güeyu

Leonese: gueyu

Mirandese: uolho

desctree

Old Galician-Portuguese: olho, ollo
Eonavian: oyo
Fala: ollu
Galician: ollo
Portuguese: olho (see there for further descendants)

Old Spanish: ojo

Ladino: ojo

Spanish: ojo (see there for further descendants)

Learned borrowings:

→ Catalan: òcul (learned)

→ Czech: okulus (learned)

→ English: oculus, Oculi (learned)

→ Esperanto: okulo (learned)
→ Ido: okulo

→ French: oculus (learned)

→ Romanian: oculus (learned)

→ German: Okuli (learned)

→ Interlingua: oculo (learned)

→ Italian: oculo (learned)

→ Portuguese: óculo, óculos (learned)

→ Spanish: óculo (learned)

→ Swedish: oculus (learned)

From the Proto-Indo-European root *h₃ekʷ- (“eye; to see”) with the diminutive suffix -ulus. Compare Sanskrit अक्षि (ákṣi, “eye”), Ancient Greek ὄσσε (ósse, “eyes”), ὤψ (ṓps, “eye”).

Quam diū quisquam erit quī tē dēfendēre audeat, vīvēs, et vīvēs ita ut nunc vīvis, multīs meīs et firmīs praesidiīs obsessus nē commōvēre tē contrā rem pūblicam possīs. Multōrum tē etiam oculī et aurēs nōn sentientem, sīcut adhūc fēcērunt, speculābuntur atque custōdient.

As long as one person exists who can dare to defend you, you shall live; but you shall live as you do now, surrounded by my many and trusty guards, so that you shall not be able to stir one finger against the republic: many eyes and ears shall still observe and watch you, as they have hitherto done, though you shall not perceive them.

ā saeculō nōn audiērunt neque auribus percēpērunt oculus nōn vīdit Deus absque tē quae praeparāstī expectantibus tē.

For since the beginning of the world men have not heard, nor perceived by the ear, neither hath the eye seen, O God, beside thee, what he hath prepared for him that waiteth for him.


sanguineus

la-adj

sanguineus (feminine sanguinea, neuter sanguineum); first/second-declension adjective

sanguinea (feminine)
sanguineum (neuter)
sanguineus (masculine nominative singular)
sanguinea (feminine nominative singular)
sanguineum (neuter nominative singular)
sanguineī (masculine nominative plural)
sanguineae (feminine nominative plural)
sanguinea (neuter nominative plural)
sanguineī (genitive masculine singular)
sanguineae (feminine genitive singular)
sanguineī (genitive neuter singular)
sanguineōrum (genitive masculine plural)
sanguineārum (feminine genitive plural)
sanguineōrum (genitive neuter plural)
sanguineō (dative masculine singular)
sanguineae (dative feminine singular)
sanguineō (dative neuter singular)
sanguineīs (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
sanguineum (accusative masculine singular)
sanguineam (accusative feminine singular)
sanguineum (accusative neuter singular)
sanguineōs (accusative masculine plural)
sanguineās (accusative feminine plural)
sanguinea (accusative neuter plural)
sanguineō (ablative masculine singular)
sanguineā (ablative feminine singular)
sanguineō (ablative neuter singular)
sanguineīs (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
sanguinee (masculine singular vocative)
sanguinea (feminine singular vocative)
sanguineum (neuter singular vocative)
sanguineī (masculine plural vocative)
sanguineae (feminine plural vocative)
sanguinea (neuter plural vocative)

Asturian: sanguineu

Catalan: sanguini, sanguinyol

English: sanguine, sanguineous

French: sanguin

Galician: sanguiño

Italian: sanguigno, sanguineo

Portuguese: sanguinho, sanguíneo

Romanian: sânger, sangvin, sanguin

Spanish: sangüeño, sanguíneo

[s̠äŋˈɡʷɪneʊs̠]

“… pectora quōrum inter flūctūs arrēcta iubaeque
sanguineae superant undās ….”
“[Sea serpents, with] their chests erect among the waves, and their blood-red crests rising over the waters ….” – Aeneas

29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 2.206–207


clavus

la-noun

clāvus m (genitive clāvī); second declension

clāvus (canonical masculine)
clāvī (genitive)
clāvus (nominative singular)
clāvī (nominative plural)
clāvī (genitive singular)
clāvōrum (genitive plural)
clāvō (dative singular)
clāvīs (dative plural)
clāvum (accusative singular)
clāvōs (accusative plural)
clāvō (ablative singular)
clāvīs (ablative plural)
clāve (singular vocative)
clāvī (plural vocative)

Italo-Romance:

Istriot: ciuodo

Old Italian: chiavo, chiovo

Italian: chiodo (influenced by chiudere 'shut')

Sicilian: chiovu

Sardinian:

crau, cravu, giau

Padanian:

Emilian: ciold, ciod

Friulian: claud

Ligurian: ciöo

Old Lombard: chiouo

Lombard: ciod

Piedmontese: ciòv, ciò

Venetan: ciodo, clold (medieval)

Northern Gallo-Romance:

Franco-Provençal: cllou

Old French: clou

French: clou

→ English: clove

Walloon: clå

Southern Gallo-Romance:

Aragonese: clau, cllau (Ribagorçan)

Catalan: clau

Occitan: clau

Ibero-Romance:

Asturian: clavu, clau

Galician: cravo

Portuguese: cravo

Spanish: clavo

Borrowed:

→ Old Italian: clavo

[ˈkɫ̪äːu̯ʊs̠]

From Proto-Italic *klāwos, from Proto-Indo-European *kleh₂w-o-s, from *kleh₂u- (“nail, pin, hook - instruments, of old use for locking doors”). Cognate with Ancient Greek κλείς (kleís, “key”) and Old Church Slavonic ключь (ključĭ, “key”). Latin clāvis (“key”) is either a secondary i-stem derivation, or a loanword from Ancient Greek κληΐς (klēḯs).


axilla

la-noun

āxilla f (genitive āxillae); first declension

āxilla (canonical feminine)
āxillae (genitive)
āxilla (nominative singular)
āxillae (nominative plural)
āxillae (genitive singular)
āxillārum (genitive plural)
āxillae (dative singular)
āxillīs (dative plural)
āxillam (accusative singular)
āxillās (accusative plural)
āxillā (ablative singular)
āxillīs (ablative plural)
āxilla (singular vocative)
āxillae (plural vocative)

Breton: askell

Catalan: aixella, axil·la

Corsican: ascedda, ascella

Dalmatian: scul

Dutch: axilla

French: aisselle

Irish: ascaill

Italian: ascella

Neapolitan: ascella, scella

Occitan: aissèla, eishèra

Portuguese: axila

Romanian: axilă

Sicilian: asciḍḍa

Spanish: axila

Turkish: aksilla

Venetan: asela

→ English: axilla

Welsh: asgell

[äːkˈs̠ɪlːʲä]

Diminutive form of āla (“wing”) (from its earlier form *axla). Compare with similarly formed māla - maxilla.


vagina

vāgīna f (genitive vāgīnae); first declension

vāgīna (canonical feminine)
vāgīnae (genitive)
vāgīna (nominative singular)
vāgīnae (nominative plural)
vāgīnae (genitive singular)
vāgīnārum (genitive plural)
vāgīnae (dative singular)
vāgīnīs (dative plural)
vāgīnam (accusative singular)
vāgīnās (accusative plural)
vāgīnā (ablative singular)
vāgīnīs (ablative plural)
vāgīna (singular vocative)
vāgīnae (plural vocative)

Italo-Romance:

Italian: guaina

North-Italian:

Piedmontese: vèina

Gallo-Romance:

Catalan: beina

Old French: guaïne

French: gaine

Occitan: gaina

Ibero-Romance:

desctree

Old Galician-Portuguese: bainha (“sheath”)
Galician: vaíña, baíña
Portuguese: bainha

desc

Old Galician-Portuguese: [Term?] (“pod”)

Fala: vaina

Galician: vaxa, gaxa, vaixa, varxa

Portuguese: vagem, vage, bagem

Asturian: vaina

Spanish: vaina

⇒ Spanish: vainilla (see there for further descendants)

→ English: vanilla

Borrowings:

→ Proto-Brythonic: *gwėɣin (see there for further descendants)

→ Old Irish: faigen

Irish: faighin

Manx: fine

Scottish Gaelic: faighean

Borrowings (anatomical sense)

→ Afrikaans: vagina

→ Albanian: vaginë, vagjinë

→ Aragonese: vachina

→ Asturian: vaxina

→ Azerbaijani: vagina

→ Belarusian: вагіна (vahina)

→ Bulgarian: вагина (vagina)

→ Catalan: vagina

→ Czech: vagína

→ Danish: vagina

→ Dutch: vagina

→ English: vagina

→ Finnish: vagina

→ French: vagin (see there for further descendants)

→ Friulian: vagine, vazine

→ Galician: vaxina

→ Georgian: ვაგინა (vagina)

→ German: Vagina

→ Japanese: ワギナ (wagina)

→ Korean: 바기나 (bagina)

→ Northern Kurdish: vajîna

→ Indonesian: vagina

→ Italian: vagina

→ Latvian: vagīna

→ Macedonian: вагина (vagina)

→ Maltese: vaġina

→ Norwegian Bokmål: vagina

→ Occitan: vagina

→ Portuguese: vagina

→ Russian: ваги́на (vagína)

→ Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: вагина

Latin script: vagina

→ Sicilian: vajina, vagina

→ Slovak: vagína

→ Slovene: vagina

→ Spanish: vagina

→ Swedish: vagina

→ Turkish: vajina

→ Ukrainian: вагіна (vahina)

→ Uzbek: vagina

→ Venetan: vaxina, vazina

→ West Frisian: fagina

→ Yiddish: וואַגינע (vagine)

[u̯äːˈɡiːnä]

[väˈd͡ʒiːnä]

From Proto-Italic *wāgīnā (“sheath, scabbard”), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *wag- (“sheath, cover”). Tentatively cognate with Lithuanian vóžti (“to cover”).

inh

(transferred sense) the covering, sheath, holder of anything


lacrima

la-noun

lacrima f (genitive lacrimae); first declension

lacrimae (genitive)
lacrima (nominative singular)
lacrimae (nominative plural)
lacrimae (genitive singular)
lacrimārum (genitive plural)
lacrimae (dative singular)
lacrimīs (dative plural)
lacrimam (accusative singular)
lacrimās (accusative plural)
lacrimā (ablative singular)
lacrimīs (ablative plural)
lacrima (singular vocative)
lacrimae (plural vocative)

Balkan Romance:

desc

Aromanian: lacãrmã, lacrimã, lacrãmã, lãcrimeauã

Romanian: lacrămă, lacrimă

Italo-Romance:

Istriot: lagrama

Italian: lacrima, lagrima

Neapolitan: làcrema, làgrema

Sicilian: làcrima, làgrima, làrima

q

North Italian: (forms with /ɡ/ perhaps borrowed from Italian or Venetan)

Emilian: làgrima

Friulian: lagrime

Lombard: làgrima

Piedmontese: lerma, larma

Romansch: larma

Venetan: łàgrema, làgrema

Gallo-Romance:

Catalan: llàgrima

Franco-Provençal: legrema, lârma

Old French: lerme, larme
French: larme

Occitan: lagrema (most dialects)

Auvergnat: larma

Gascon: larma, lhèrma

Limousin: grema, gramela, grumilha

Provençal: lagrima

Ibero-Romance:

Aragonese: glarima, lagrima, lacrima

Ribagorçan: llárima, llágrima, gllárima

desc

Asturian: llárima, llágrima, llégrima, llérima, llarma

Old Galician-Portuguese: lagrima, lagrema

Galician: lágrima

Portuguese: lágrima

desctree

Old Spanish: lagrema, lagrima
Ladino: lágrima
Spanish: lágrima

Insular Romance:

Sardinian: làcrima, làgrima, làmigra

⇒ Vulgar Latin: *lacrimizāre (see there for further descendants)

From Old Latin dacrima, dacruma, from Proto-Indo-European *dáḱru-, from earlier compound *dr̥ḱ-h₂eḱru- (“eye bitter”).

(transferred sense) a tear or gumdrop exuding from plants


cruor

la-noun

cruor m (genitive cruōris); third declension

cruōris (genitive)
cruor (nominative singular)
cruōrēs (nominative plural)
cruōris (genitive singular)
cruōrum (genitive plural)
cruōrī (dative singular)
cruōribus (dative plural)
cruōrem (accusative singular)
cruōrēs (accusative plural)
cruōre (ablative singular)
cruōribus (ablative plural)
cruor (singular vocative)
cruōrēs (plural vocative)

English: cruor

French: cruor

Italian: cruore

Portuguese: cruor

Spanish: crúor

From Proto-Indo-European *krewh₂-. Cognates include Ancient Greek κρέας (kréas), Sanskrit क्रविस् (kravís), क्रूर (krūra), Proto-Slavic *kry, Old English hrǣw (English raw).


auris

auris f (genitive auris); third declension

auris (genitive)
auris (nominative singular)
aurēs (nominative plural)
auris (genitive singular)
aurium (genitive plural)
aurī (dative singular)
auribus (dative plural)
aurem (accusative singular)
aurēs (accusative plural)
aurīs (accusative plural)
aure (ablative singular)
auribus (ablative plural)
auris (singular vocative)
aurēs (plural vocative)

→ English: aur-

From Proto-Italic *auzis, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ṓws. Cognate with Old English ēare (English ear), Ancient Greek οὖς (oûs), Old Church Slavonic оухо (uxo) (Russian ухо (uxo), Serbo-Croatian uho), Old Irish au, Lithuanian ausìs, and Albanian vesh.

Quam diu quisquam erit qui te defendere audeat, vives, et vives ita ut nunc vivis, multis meis et firmis praesidiis obsessus ne commovere te contra rem publicam possis. Multorum te etiam oculi et aures non sentientem, sicut adhuc fecerunt, speculabuntur atque custodient.

As long as one person exists who may dare to defend you, you shall live, but you shall live as you do now, surrounded by my many and trusty guards, so that you shall not be able to stir one finger against the republic: many eyes and ears shall still observe and watch you, as they have hitherto done, though you shall not perceive them.


pes

pēs m (genitive pedis); third declension

pēs (canonical masculine)
pedis (genitive)
pēs (nominative singular)
pedēs (nominative plural)
pedis (genitive singular)
pedum (genitive plural)
pedī (dative singular)
pedibus (dative plural)
pedem (accusative singular)
pedēs (accusative plural)
pede (ablative singular)
pedibus (ablative plural)
pēs (singular vocative)
pedēs (plural vocative)

Balkan Romance:

⇒ Aromanian: pezã

Romanian: piez ⇒ piază

Dalmatian:

pi

Italo-Romance

Corsican: pede

Gallurese: pedi

Italian: piede

→ Esperanto: piedo

→ Ladino: piede (regional)

Neapolitan: pede

Sassarese: pedi

Sicilian: pedi, peri

Rhaeto-Romance:

Friulian: pît

Romansch: pe

Padanian:

Istriot: peîe, pèie

Gallo-Italic:

Ligurian: pê

Piedmontese: pe

Romagnol: pè, pid (Rimini, San Marino)

Venetan: piè

Northern Gallo-Romance:

Franco-Provençal: pièd

Norman: pid, pyid

desctree

Old French: pié, pé (Anglo-Norman), *pied, *piet
Middle French: pied
French: pied
Walloon: pî

Southern Gallo-Romance:

Catalan: peu

Old Occitan: pe
Occitan: pè

Ibero-Romance:

Asturian: pie

Extremaduran: pie

Leonese: pía

Mirandese: pie

Navarro-Aragonese: pie, pied

Aragonese: piet

Old Galician-Portuguese: pee
Galician: pé
Portuguese: pé

Old Spanish: pie
Ladino: pye
Spanish: pie

Sardinian:

Campidanese: pei

Logudorese: pe

Nuorese: pede

Derived forms:

⇒ Vulgar Latin: *pedicāre

Catalan: petjar

Borrowings:

→ English: pes

→ Ido: pedo

→ Interlingua: pede

→⇒ German: stante pede

From Proto-Italic *pets, from Proto-Indo-European *pṓds (compare Sanskrit पद् (pád), Ancient Greek πούς (poús) and Old English fōt, whence English foot).

… ne manus, nec pedes, nec alia membra …

… not the hands, not the feet, and not the other limbs …

… ūnum exūta pedem vinclīs, in veste recīncta, ….

[... Dido’s] one foot having cast off its sandal-straps, with her garment loosened, ….

Forte revertēbar fēstīs Vestālibus illa ….
hūc pede mātrōnam vīdī dēscendere nūdō.
It so happened that I was returning from the festival of Vesta …. Here I saw a matron coming down barefoot.
(Literally, in the ablative singular: “pede nūdō” or “with bare foot.” Roman matrons walked barefoot to honor Vesta (mythology) during the Vestalia.)

a foot, in its senses as
(anatomy) a human foot


sanus

la-adj

sānus (feminine sāna, neuter sānum, comparative sānior, adverb sānē); first/second-declension adjective

sānus (canonical)
sāna (feminine)
sānum (neuter)
sānior (comparative)
sānē (adverb)
sānus (masculine nominative singular)
sāna (feminine nominative singular)
sānum (neuter nominative singular)
sānī (masculine nominative plural)
sānae (feminine nominative plural)
sāna (neuter nominative plural)
sānī (genitive masculine singular)
sānae (feminine genitive singular)
sānī (genitive neuter singular)
sānōrum (genitive masculine plural)
sānārum (feminine genitive plural)
sānōrum (genitive neuter plural)
sānō (dative masculine singular)
sānae (dative feminine singular)
sānō (dative neuter singular)
sānīs (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
sānum (accusative masculine singular)
sānam (accusative feminine singular)
sānum (accusative neuter singular)
sānōs (accusative masculine plural)
sānās (accusative feminine plural)
sāna (accusative neuter plural)
sānō (ablative masculine singular)
sānā (ablative feminine singular)
sānō (ablative neuter singular)
sānīs (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
sāne (masculine singular vocative)
sāna (feminine singular vocative)
sānum (neuter singular vocative)
sānī (masculine plural vocative)
sānae (feminine plural vocative)
sāna (neuter plural vocative)

Aromanian: sãn

Asturian: sanu

Catalan: sa

English: sane

Esperanto: sana

Franco-Provençal: san

French: sain

Friulian: san

Galician: san

Ido: sana

Italian: sano

Occitan: san

Portuguese: são

Romanian: sănătos

Romansch: saun, san

Sardinian: sanu

Sicilian: sanu

Spanish: sano

Venetan: san, sano

From Proto-Italic *sānos, from Proto-Indo-European *seh₂-no-, from *seh₂- (“to satisfy”) (or perhaps *seh₂- (“to tie”)).
Alternative theories derive the word from Proto-Indo-European *swā-n- (“healthy; whole; active; vigorous”), and compare it to Ancient Greek σῶς (sôs), Dutch zoen (“kiss”) and gezond (“healthy”), German Sühne (“atonement”) and gesund (“healthy”).
Others, such as Alberto Nocentini, consider the term an isolate, with no extra-Italic cognates.


costa

la-noun

costa f (genitive costae); first declension

costae (genitive)
costa (nominative singular)
costae (nominative plural)
costae (genitive singular)
costārum (genitive plural)
costae (dative singular)
costīs (dative plural)
costam (accusative singular)
costās (accusative plural)
costā (ablative singular)
costīs (ablative plural)
costa (singular vocative)
costae (plural vocative)

Aromanian: coastã

→ Asturian: costa, cuesta

→ Catalan: costa

Dalmatian: cuasta

→ English: costa

Friulian: cueste

→ Galician: costa

→ Italian: costa

→ Occitan: còsta

desctree

→ Old French: coste
Middle French: coste
French: côte
Norman: côte
Walloon: coisse
→ Middle English: coste
English: coast
→ Irish: cósta
→ Middle Dutch: cost
Dutch: kust
Afrikaans: kus
→ Middle Low German: kost
→ Danish: kyst
German: Küste
→ Norwegian Bokmål: kyst
→ Swedish: kust

→ Portuguese: costa

Romanian: coastă

→ Romansch: costa

Sardinian: colta, → costa

Sicilian: costa

Spanish: cuesta, → costa

→ Venetan: costa

From Proto-Italic *ko(n/r)stā- (“rib”), of uncertain origin. Traditionally derived from Proto-Indo-European *kost-, and compared with Old Church Slavonic кость (kostĭ), Middle Persian [script needed] (kust), as well as *h₃ost- (“bone”), whence os (“bone”). However, de Vaan finds the connection with Slavic improbable and gives no etymology.


ala

āla (canonical feminine)
ālae (genitive)
āla (nominative singular)
ālae (nominative plural)
ālae (genitive singular)
ālārum (genitive plural)
ālae (dative singular)
ālīs (dative plural)
ālam (accusative singular)
ālās (accusative plural)
ālā (ablative singular)
ālīs (ablative plural)
āla (singular vocative)
ālae (plural vocative)

Asturian: ala

Catalan: ala

Dalmatian: jal

Franco-Provençal: âla

Friulian: ale

Gallurese: ala

Italian: ala

Ligurian: âa

Occitan: ala

Old French: aile f
Middle French: aisle f, aesle, æsle
French: aile f
→ Middle English: ele
English: aisle

Old Galician-Portuguese: aa

Galician: á

Portuguese: á

Romansch: ala, ela

Sardinian: aba, ala, àua

Sassarese: ara

Sicilian: ala

Spanish: ala

Venetan: ała

→ English: ala, ali-

→ Esperanto: alo

→ Galician: ala

→ Portuguese: ala

For earlier *axla, from axis, from Proto-Italic *aksis, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eḱs- (“axis”).

(anatomy) the armpit (the upper and under part of the arm, where it unites with the shoulder)


seco

la-verb

secō (present infinitive secāre, perfect active secuī, supine sectum); first conjugation

secō (canonical)
secāre (infinitive present)
secuī (active perfect)
sectum (supine)
secō (active first-person indicative present singular)
secās (active indicative present second-person singular)
secat (active indicative present singular third-person)
secāmus (active first-person indicative plural present)
secātis (active indicative plural present second-person)
secant (active indicative plural present third-person)
secābam (active first-person imperfect indicative singular)
secābās (active imperfect indicative second-person singular)
secābat (active imperfect indicative singular third-person)
secābāmus (active first-person imperfect indicative plural)
secābātis (active imperfect indicative plural second-person)
secābant (active imperfect indicative plural third-person)
secābō (active first-person future indicative singular)
secābis (active future indicative second-person singular)
secābit (active future indicative singular third-person)
secābimus (active first-person future indicative plural)
secābitis (active future indicative plural second-person)
secābunt (active future indicative plural third-person)
secuī (active first-person indicative perfect singular)
secuistī (active indicative perfect second-person singular)
secuit (active indicative perfect singular third-person)
secuimus (active first-person indicative perfect plural)
secuistis (active indicative perfect plural second-person)
secuērunt (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
secuēre (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
secueram (active first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
secuerās (active indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
secuerat (active indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
secuerāmus (active first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
secuerātis (active indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
secuerant (active indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
secuerō (active first-person future indicative perfect singular)
secueris (active future indicative perfect second-person singular)
secuerit (active future indicative perfect singular third-person)
secuerimus (active first-person future indicative perfect plural)
secueritis (active future indicative perfect plural second-person)
secuerint (active future indicative perfect plural third-person)
secor (first-person indicative passive present singular)
secāris (indicative passive present second-person singular)
secāre (indicative passive present second-person singular)
secātur (indicative passive present singular third-person)
secāmur (first-person indicative passive plural present)
secāminī (indicative passive plural present second-person)
secantur (indicative passive plural present third-person)
secābar (first-person imperfect indicative passive singular)
secābāris (imperfect indicative passive second-person singular)
secābāre (imperfect indicative passive second-person singular)
secābātur (imperfect indicative passive singular third-person)
secābāmur (first-person imperfect indicative passive plural)
secābāminī (imperfect indicative passive plural second-person)
secābantur (imperfect indicative passive plural third-person)
secābor (first-person future indicative passive singular)
secāberis (future indicative passive second-person singular)
secābere (future indicative passive second-person singular)
secābitur (future indicative passive singular third-person)
secābimur (first-person future indicative passive plural)
secābiminī (future indicative passive plural second-person)
secābuntur (future indicative passive plural third-person)
secem (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
secēs (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
secet (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
secēmus (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
secētis (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
secent (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
secārem (active first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
secārēs (active imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
secāret (active imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
secārēmus (active first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
secārētis (active imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
secārent (active imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
secuerim (active first-person perfect singular subjunctive)
secuerīs (active perfect second-person singular subjunctive)
secuerit (active perfect singular subjunctive third-person)
secuerīmus (active first-person perfect plural subjunctive)
secuerītis (active perfect plural second-person subjunctive)
secuerint (active perfect plural subjunctive third-person)
secuissem (active first-person pluperfect singular subjunctive)
secuissēs (active pluperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
secuisset (active pluperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
secuissēmus (active first-person pluperfect plural subjunctive)
secuissētis (active pluperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
secuissent (active pluperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
secer (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
secēris (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
secēre (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
secētur (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
secēmur (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
secēminī (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
secentur (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
secārer (first-person imperfect passive singular subjunctive)
secārēris (imperfect passive second-person singular subjunctive)
secārēre (imperfect passive second-person singular subjunctive)
secārētur (imperfect passive singular subjunctive third-person)
secārēmur (first-person imperfect passive plural subjunctive)
secārēminī (imperfect passive plural second-person subjunctive)
secārentur (imperfect passive plural subjunctive third-person)
secā (active imperative present second-person singular)
secāte (active imperative plural present second-person)
secātō (active future imperative second-person singular)
secātō (active future imperative singular third-person)
secātōte (active future imperative plural second-person)
secantō (active future imperative plural third-person)
secāre (imperative passive present second-person singular)
secāminī (imperative passive plural present second-person)
secātor (future imperative passive second-person singular)
secātor (future imperative passive singular third-person)
secantor (future imperative passive plural third-person)
secāre (active infinitive present)
secuisse (active infinitive perfect)
sectūrum esse (active future infinitive)
secārī (infinitive passive present)
sectum esse (infinitive passive perfect)
sectum īrī (future infinitive passive)
secāns (active participle present)
sectūrus (active future participle)
sectus (participle passive perfect)
secandus (future participle passive)
secandī (genitive gerund noun-from-verb)
secandō (dative gerund noun-from-verb)
secandum (accusative gerund noun-from-verb)
secandō (ablative gerund noun-from-verb)
sectum (accusative noun-from-verb supine)
sectū (ablative noun-from-verb supine)

Italo-Romance:

Italian: segare

Neapolitan: secare

Padanian:

Friulian: seâ

Piedmontese: sié

desc

Romansch: segar, sagear, sger, saer, sgiar

Venetan: segar, siegar

Gallo-Romance:

Catalan: segar

Franco-Provençal: séyer

French: scier

Occitan: segar

Ibero-Romance:

Aragonese: segar

Asturian: segar

Leonese: segare

Mirandese: segar

desctree

Old Galician-Portuguese: segar
Fala: segal
Galician: segar
Portuguese: segar

Old Spanish: segar
Ladino: segar
Spanish: segar

Borrowings:

→ Italian: secare

Inherited from Proto-Italic *sekaō, from Proto-Indo-European *sek- (“to cut”). Cognates include Old Church Slavonic сѣщи (sěšti, “to cut, hack, chop off”) and Old English saga (English saw).

cog

(medicine) to operate, amputate, perform surgery


oesophagus

oesophāgus (canonical masculine)
oesophāgus (nominative singular)
oesophāgī (nominative plural)
oesophāgī (genitive singular)
oesophāgōrum (genitive plural)
oesophāgō (dative singular)
oesophāgīs (dative plural)
oesophāgum (accusative singular)
oesophāgōs (accusative plural)
oesophāgō (ablative singular)
oesophāgīs (ablative plural)
oesophāge (singular vocative)
oesophāgī (plural vocative)

→ English: oesophagus

[oe̯s̠ɔˈpʰäːɡʊs̠]

From Ancient Greek οἰσοφάγος (oisophágos), from οἴσω (oísō), future form of φέρω (phérō, “I carry”) + ἔφαγον (éphagon, “I ate”).


epiglottis

la-noun

epiglōttis f (genitive epiglōttidis); third declension

epiglōttis (canonical feminine)
epiglōttidis (genitive)
epiglōttis (nominative singular)
epiglōttidēs (nominative plural)
epiglōttidis (genitive singular)
epiglōttidum (genitive plural)
epiglōttidī (dative singular)
epiglōttidibus (dative plural)
epiglōttidem (accusative singular)
epiglōttidēs (accusative plural)
epiglōttide (ablative singular)
epiglōttidibus (ablative plural)
epiglōttis (singular vocative)
epiglōttidēs (plural vocative)

→ English: epiglottis

→ Irish: eipeaglotas

→ Italian: epiglottide

[ɛpɪˈɡɫ̪oːt̪ːɪs̠]

From Ancient Greek ἐπῐγλωττῐ́ς (epiglōttís, “valve covering the larynx”), from ἐπῐ- (epi-, “upon, over”) + γλωττῐ́ς (glōttís, “glottis, mouth of the windpipe”).


glottis

la-noun

glōttis f (genitive glōttidis); third declension

glōttis (canonical feminine)
glōttidis (genitive)
glōttis (nominative singular)
glōttidēs (nominative plural)
glōttidis (genitive singular)
glōttidum (genitive plural)
glōttidī (dative singular)
glōttidibus (dative plural)
glōttidem (accusative singular)
glōttidēs (accusative plural)
glōttide (ablative singular)
glōttidibus (ablative plural)
glōttis (singular vocative)
glōttidēs (plural vocative)

→ English: glottis

→ French: glotte

→ Italian: glottide

[ˈɡɫ̪oːt̪ːɪs̠]

Borrowing from Ancient Greek γλωττῐ́ς (glōttís, “mouth of the windpipe; corncrake”), from γλῶττᾰ (glôtta, “tongue”) + -ῐς (-is, feminine noun suffix).


pus

la-noun

pūs n (genitive pūris); third declension

pūs (canonical neuter)
pūris (genitive)
pūs (nominative singular)
pūra (nominative plural)
pūris (genitive singular)
pūrum (genitive plural)
pūrī (dative singular)
pūribus (dative plural)
pūs (accusative singular)
pūra (accusative plural)
pūre (ablative singular)
pūribus (ablative plural)
pūs (singular vocative)
pūra (plural vocative)

Aromanian: pronjiu, proanji

Catalan: pus

desctree

→ Dutch: pus (learned)
→ Papiamentu: pus

→ English: pus

French: pus

Galician: pus

Italian: pus, purino

Portuguese: pus

Romanian: puroi

Spanish: pus

From Proto-Italic *puos, from Proto-Indo-European *púH-os ~ *púH-es-os, from *puH-. Cognate with Sanskrit पुवस् (púvas), Ancient Greek πύον (púon), πύθω (púthō, “to rot”), Gothic 𐍆𐌿𐌻𐍃 (fuls, “foul”), Old English fūl (“foul”), English foul.


hir

hir (nominative singular)
hir (accusative singular)

From Proto-Italic *hezor, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰésōr. Cognate with Ancient Greek χείρ (kheír).


trachea

la-noun

trāchēa f (genitive trāchēae); first declension

trāchēa (canonical feminine)
trāchēae (genitive)
trāchēa (nominative singular)
trāchēae (nominative plural)
trāchēae (genitive singular)
trāchēārum (genitive plural)
trāchēae (dative singular)
trāchēīs (dative plural)
trāchēam (accusative singular)
trāchēās (accusative plural)
trāchēā (ablative singular)
trāchēīs (ablative plural)
trāchēa (singular vocative)
trāchēae (plural vocative)

Middle English:

English: trachea

[t̪räːˈkʰeːä]

From Late Latin trachia (“windpipe”), from Ancient Greek τρᾱχεῖα (trākheîa, “jagged, rugged, rough”), ellipsis of τρᾱχεῖα ᾰ̓ρτηρῐ́ᾱ (trākheîa artēríā, “rough artery”).

ellipsis

τρᾱχεῖα ᾰ̓ρτηρῐ́ᾱ


semen

la-noun

sēmen n (genitive sēminis); third declension

sēmen (canonical neuter)
sēminis (genitive)
sēmen (nominative singular)
sēmina (nominative plural)
sēminis (genitive singular)
sēminum (genitive plural)
sēminī (dative singular)
sēminibus (dative plural)
sēmen (accusative singular)
sēmina (accusative plural)
sēmine (ablative singular)
sēminibus (ablative plural)
sēmen (singular vocative)
sēmina (plural vocative)

→ Catalan: semen

→ English: semen

→ Middle Irish: semen

Irish: seamhan

Galician: seme

Italian: seme

Romanian: sămânță

Portuguese: sêmen, sémen (Portugal)

Romansch: sem

→ Spanish: semen, ⇒ semilla

Venetan: sema

From Proto-Italic *sēmən, from Proto-Indo-European *séh₁mn̥ (“seed”).

et ignis sēmina convolvunt ē nūbibus.

c. 99 BCE – 55 BCE, Lucretius, De rerum natura 6

and the seeds of fire roll from the clouds.

(poetic) seed (of the elements of other bodies (of fire, water, stones, etc.))