accipio

la-verb

accipiō (present infinitive accipere, perfect active accēpī, supine acceptum); third conjugation iō-variant

accipiō (canonical)
accipere (infinitive present)
accēpī (active perfect)
acceptum (supine)
accipiō (active first-person indicative present singular)
accipis (active indicative present second-person singular)
accipit (active indicative present singular third-person)
accipimus (active first-person indicative plural present)
accipitis (active indicative plural present second-person)
accipiunt (active indicative plural present third-person)
accipiēbam (active first-person imperfect indicative singular)
accipiēbās (active imperfect indicative second-person singular)
accipiēbat (active imperfect indicative singular third-person)
accipiēbāmus (active first-person imperfect indicative plural)
accipiēbātis (active imperfect indicative plural second-person)
accipiēbant (active imperfect indicative plural third-person)
accipiam (active first-person future indicative singular)
accipiēs (active future indicative second-person singular)
accipiet (active future indicative singular third-person)
accipiēmus (active first-person future indicative plural)
accipiētis (active future indicative plural second-person)
accipient (active future indicative plural third-person)
accēpī (active first-person indicative perfect singular)
accēpistī (active indicative perfect second-person singular)
accēpit (active indicative perfect singular third-person)
accēpimus (active first-person indicative perfect plural)
accēpistis (active indicative perfect plural second-person)
accēpērunt (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
accēpēre (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
accēperam (active first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
accēperās (active indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
accēperat (active indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
accēperāmus (active first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
accēperātis (active indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
accēperant (active indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
accēperō (active first-person future indicative perfect singular)
accēperis (active future indicative perfect second-person singular)
accēperit (active future indicative perfect singular third-person)
accēperimus (active first-person future indicative perfect plural)
accēperitis (active future indicative perfect plural second-person)
accēperint (active future indicative perfect plural third-person)
accepsō (active first-person future sigmatic singular)
accepsis (active future second-person sigmatic singular)
accepsit (active future sigmatic singular third-person)
accepsimus (active first-person future plural sigmatic)
accepsitis (active future plural second-person sigmatic)
accepsint (active future plural sigmatic third-person)
accipior (first-person indicative passive present singular)
acciperis (indicative passive present second-person singular)
accipere (indicative passive present second-person singular)
accipitur (indicative passive present singular third-person)
accipimur (first-person indicative passive plural present)
accipiminī (indicative passive plural present second-person)
accipiuntur (indicative passive plural present third-person)
accipiēbar (first-person imperfect indicative passive singular)
accipiēbāris (imperfect indicative passive second-person singular)
accipiēbāre (imperfect indicative passive second-person singular)
accipiēbātur (imperfect indicative passive singular third-person)
accipiēbāmur (first-person imperfect indicative passive plural)
accipiēbāminī (imperfect indicative passive plural second-person)
accipiēbantur (imperfect indicative passive plural third-person)
accipiar (first-person future indicative passive singular)
accipiēris (future indicative passive second-person singular)
accipiēre (future indicative passive second-person singular)
accipiētur (future indicative passive singular third-person)
accipiēmur (first-person future indicative passive plural)
accipiēminī (future indicative passive plural second-person)
accipientur (future indicative passive plural third-person)
accipiam (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
accipiās (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
accipiat (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
accipiāmus (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
accipiātis (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
accipiant (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
acciperem (active first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
acciperēs (active imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
acciperet (active imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
acciperēmus (active first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
acciperētis (active imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
acciperent (active imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
accēperim (active first-person perfect singular subjunctive)
accēperīs (active perfect second-person singular subjunctive)
accēperit (active perfect singular subjunctive third-person)
accēperīmus (active first-person perfect plural subjunctive)
accēperītis (active perfect plural second-person subjunctive)
accēperint (active perfect plural subjunctive third-person)
accēpissem (active first-person pluperfect singular subjunctive)
accēpissēs (active pluperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
accēpisset (active pluperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
accēpissēmus (active first-person pluperfect plural subjunctive)
accēpissētis (active pluperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
accēpissent (active pluperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
accepsim (active aorist first-person sigmatic singular)
accepsīs (active aorist second-person sigmatic singular)
accepsīt (active aorist sigmatic singular third-person)
accepsīmus (active aorist first-person plural sigmatic)
accepsītis (active aorist plural second-person sigmatic)
accepsint (active aorist plural sigmatic third-person)
accipiar (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
accipiāris (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
accipiāre (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
accipiātur (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
accipiāmur (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
accipiāminī (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
accipiantur (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
acciperer (first-person imperfect passive singular subjunctive)
acciperēris (imperfect passive second-person singular subjunctive)
acciperēre (imperfect passive second-person singular subjunctive)
acciperētur (imperfect passive singular subjunctive third-person)
acciperēmur (first-person imperfect passive plural subjunctive)
acciperēminī (imperfect passive plural second-person subjunctive)
acciperentur (imperfect passive plural subjunctive third-person)
accipe (active imperative present second-person singular)
accipite (active imperative plural present second-person)
accipitō (active future imperative second-person singular)
accipitō (active future imperative singular third-person)
accipitōte (active future imperative plural second-person)
accipiuntō (active future imperative plural third-person)
accipere (imperative passive present second-person singular)
accipiminī (imperative passive plural present second-person)
accipitor (future imperative passive second-person singular)
accipitor (future imperative passive singular third-person)
accipiuntor (future imperative passive plural third-person)
accipere (active infinitive present)
accēpisse (active infinitive perfect)
acceptūrum esse (active future infinitive)
accipī (infinitive passive present)
acceptum esse (infinitive passive perfect)
acceptum īrī (future infinitive passive)
accipiēns (active participle present)
acceptūrus (active future participle)
acceptus (participle passive perfect)
accipiendus (future participle passive)
accipiundus (future participle passive)
accipiendī (genitive gerund noun-from-verb)
accipiendō (dative gerund noun-from-verb)
accipiendum (accusative gerund noun-from-verb)
accipiendō (ablative gerund noun-from-verb)
acceptum (accusative noun-from-verb supine)
acceptū (ablative noun-from-verb supine)


calva

la-noun

calva f (genitive calvae); first declension

calvae (genitive)
calva (nominative singular)
calvae (nominative plural)
calvae (genitive singular)
calvārum (genitive plural)
calvae (dative singular)
calvīs (dative plural)
calvam (accusative singular)
calvās (accusative plural)
calvā (ablative singular)
calvīs (ablative plural)
calva (singular vocative)
calvae (plural vocative)

From Proto-Italic *kalowā, from Proto-Indo-European *kl̥H-.


foveo

la-verb

foveō (present infinitive fovēre, perfect active fōvī, supine fōtum); second conjugation

foveō (canonical)
fovēre (infinitive present)
fōvī (active perfect)
fōtum (supine)
foveō (active first-person indicative present singular)
fovēs (active indicative present second-person singular)
fovet (active indicative present singular third-person)
fovēmus (active first-person indicative plural present)
fovētis (active indicative plural present second-person)
fovent (active indicative plural present third-person)
fovēbam (active first-person imperfect indicative singular)
fovēbās (active imperfect indicative second-person singular)
fovēbat (active imperfect indicative singular third-person)
fovēbāmus (active first-person imperfect indicative plural)
fovēbātis (active imperfect indicative plural second-person)
fovēbant (active imperfect indicative plural third-person)
fovēbō (active first-person future indicative singular)
fovēbis (active future indicative second-person singular)
fovēbit (active future indicative singular third-person)
fovēbimus (active first-person future indicative plural)
fovēbitis (active future indicative plural second-person)
fovēbunt (active future indicative plural third-person)
fōvī (active first-person indicative perfect singular)
fōvistī (active indicative perfect second-person singular)
fōvit (active indicative perfect singular third-person)
fōvimus (active first-person indicative perfect plural)
fōvistis (active indicative perfect plural second-person)
fōvērunt (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
fōvēre (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
fōveram (active first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
fōverās (active indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
fōverat (active indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
fōverāmus (active first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
fōverātis (active indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
fōverant (active indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
fōverō (active first-person future indicative perfect singular)
fōveris (active future indicative perfect second-person singular)
fōverit (active future indicative perfect singular third-person)
fōverimus (active first-person future indicative perfect plural)
fōveritis (active future indicative perfect plural second-person)
fōverint (active future indicative perfect plural third-person)
foveor (first-person indicative passive present singular)
fovēris (indicative passive present second-person singular)
fovēre (indicative passive present second-person singular)
fovētur (indicative passive present singular third-person)
fovēmur (first-person indicative passive plural present)
fovēminī (indicative passive plural present second-person)
foventur (indicative passive plural present third-person)
fovēbar (first-person imperfect indicative passive singular)
fovēbāris (imperfect indicative passive second-person singular)
fovēbāre (imperfect indicative passive second-person singular)
fovēbātur (imperfect indicative passive singular third-person)
fovēbāmur (first-person imperfect indicative passive plural)
fovēbāminī (imperfect indicative passive plural second-person)
fovēbantur (imperfect indicative passive plural third-person)
fovēbor (first-person future indicative passive singular)
fovēberis (future indicative passive second-person singular)
fovēbere (future indicative passive second-person singular)
fovēbitur (future indicative passive singular third-person)
fovēbimur (first-person future indicative passive plural)
fovēbiminī (future indicative passive plural second-person)
fovēbuntur (future indicative passive plural third-person)
fōtus + future active indicative of sum (future indicative passive perfect)
foveam (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
foveās (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
foveat (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
foveāmus (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
foveātis (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
foveant (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
fovērem (active first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
fovērēs (active imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
fovēret (active imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
fovērēmus (active first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
fovērētis (active imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
fovērent (active imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
fōverim (active first-person perfect singular subjunctive)
fōverīs (active perfect second-person singular subjunctive)
fōverit (active perfect singular subjunctive third-person)
fōverīmus (active first-person perfect plural subjunctive)
fōverītis (active perfect plural second-person subjunctive)
fōverint (active perfect plural subjunctive third-person)
fōvissem (active first-person pluperfect singular subjunctive)
fōvissēs (active pluperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
fōvisset (active pluperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
fōvissēmus (active first-person pluperfect plural subjunctive)
fōvissētis (active pluperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
fōvissent (active pluperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
fovear (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
foveāris (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
foveāre (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
foveātur (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
foveāmur (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
foveāminī (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
foveantur (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
fovērer (first-person imperfect passive singular subjunctive)
fovērēris (imperfect passive second-person singular subjunctive)
fovērēre (imperfect passive second-person singular subjunctive)
fovērētur (imperfect passive singular subjunctive third-person)
fovērēmur (first-person imperfect passive plural subjunctive)
fovērēminī (imperfect passive plural second-person subjunctive)
fovērentur (imperfect passive plural subjunctive third-person)
fovē (active imperative present second-person singular)
fovēte (active imperative plural present second-person)
fovētō (active future imperative second-person singular)
fovētō (active future imperative singular third-person)
fovētōte (active future imperative plural second-person)
foventō (active future imperative plural third-person)
fovēre (imperative passive present second-person singular)
fovēminī (imperative passive plural present second-person)
fovētor (future imperative passive second-person singular)
fovētor (future imperative passive singular third-person)
foventor (future imperative passive plural third-person)
fovēre (active infinitive present)
fōvisse (active infinitive perfect)
fōtūrum esse (active future infinitive)
fovērī (infinitive passive present)
fōtum esse (infinitive passive perfect)
fōtum īrī (future infinitive passive)
fovēns (active participle present)
fōtūrus (active future participle)
fōtus (participle passive perfect)
fovendus (future participle passive)
fovendī (genitive gerund noun-from-verb)
fovendō (dative gerund noun-from-verb)
fovendum (accusative gerund noun-from-verb)
fovendō (ablative gerund noun-from-verb)
fōtum (accusative noun-from-verb supine)
fōtū (ablative noun-from-verb supine)

From Proto-Italic *foɣʷeō, from earlier *θoɣʷejō, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰogʷʰ-éye-, causative verb from *dʰegʷʰ-.


vena

la-noun

vēna f (genitive vēnae); first declension

vēna (canonical feminine)
vēnae (genitive)
vēna (nominative singular)
vēnae (nominative plural)
vēnae (genitive singular)
vēnārum (genitive plural)
vēnae (dative singular)
vēnīs (dative plural)
vēnam (accusative singular)
vēnās (accusative plural)
vēnā (ablative singular)
vēnīs (ablative plural)
vēna (singular vocative)
vēnae (plural vocative)

Eastern Romance

Aromanian: vinã, vãnã

Romanian: vână

Dalmatian:

vaina

Italo-Romance:

Italian: vena

Sicilian: vina

North Italian:

Friulian: vene

Gallo-Italic:

Emilian: vèina, vàina, vèna

Ligurian: vénn-a

Lombard: vena, ena

Piedmontese: ven-a, vèina, vègna

Romagnol: vèina, vàina

Romansch: avaina, avagna

Venetan: véna, vena

Gallo-Romance:

desctree

Old French: veine, vaine, veyne
Middle French: vene
French: veine
→ Vietnamese: ven
Norman: veine
→ Middle English: veine
English: vein
Scots: van, vane, vain, vaine

Walloon: voenne

Occitano-Romance:

Catalan: vena

Gascon: vea, veia, via, venha

Old Occitan: vena

Occitan: vena

Ibero-Romance:

Aragonese: vena

Asturian: vena

Old Galician-Portuguese: vẽa
Fala: vea
Galician: vea
Portuguese: veia

Old Spanish: vena

Spanish: vena

Sardinian:

bena; → vena

Borrowings:

→ Bulgarian: вена (vena)

→ English: vena

→ Finnish: vena

→ German: Vene

→ Hungarian: véna

→ Macedonian: вена (vena)

→ Polish: wena

→ Romanian: venă

→ Russian: вена (vena)

→ Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: вена

Latin script: vena

→ Swedish: ven

→ Ukrainian: вена (vena)

Of uncertain origin; proposed derivations include:
* From Proto-Indo-European *weǵʰ-, the same root of via (“road”).
* From Proto-Indo-European *wenh₁-, the same root of venēnum (“juice; venom”).
* From Proto-Indo-European *weyp-, the same root of vibex (“weal, welt”).
* From a root common to Lithuanian gýsla (“vein”) and Russian жи́ла (žíla, “vein”).

(anatomy) a vein, blood vessel
an artery

(transferred sense, of things that resemble a vein)


naris

la-noun

nāris f (genitive nāris); third declension

nāris (canonical feminine)
nāris (genitive)
nāris (nominative singular)
nārēs (nominative plural)
nāris (genitive singular)
nārium (genitive plural)
nārī (dative singular)
nāribus (dative plural)
nārem (accusative singular)
nārēs (accusative plural)
nārīs (accusative plural)
nāre (ablative singular)
nāribus (ablative plural)
nāris (singular vocative)
nārēs (plural vocative)

Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: nari, nare

Romanian: nară

Italo-Romance:

Corsican: naru

Italian: nare (plural, archaic), nari

Insular Romance:

desc

Sardinian: nare, naris, naricre, naricru

Rhaeto-Romance:

>? Friulian: narile

Ibero-Romance:

>? Galician: nares (plural, archaic)

Borrowed:

→ English: naris

⇒ Vulgar Latin: *nārīna

Gallo-Romance:

French: narine

Walloon: narene

Ibero-Romance: (alternatively from French)

Asturian: ñarra

Galician: narno

Portuguese: narina

Spanish: narina

⇒ Vulgar Latin: *nārīca (see there for further descendants)

(usually in the plural) (anatomy) A nostril, nose.


palma

la-noun

palma f (genitive palmae); first declension

palmae (genitive)
palma (nominative singular)
palmae (nominative plural)
palmae (genitive singular)
palmārum (genitive plural)
palmae (dative singular)
palmīs (dative plural)
palmam (accusative singular)
palmās (accusative plural)
palmā (ablative singular)
palmīs (ablative plural)
palma (singular vocative)
palmae (plural vocative)

Eastern Romance

Aromanian: palmã

Megleno-Romanian: palmă

Romanian: palmă

Gallo-Italic

Piedmontese: palma

Italo-Dalmatian

Corsican: palma

Dalmatian: puolma

Italian: palma

→ Maltese: palm

Sicilian: parma, pamma

Occitano-Romance

Catalan: palma, palmell

Occitan: palma, pauma

desctree

Old French: paume, palme, pasme, paulme
Middle French: paulme
French: paume
Norman: paûmé

Rhaeto-Romance

Friulian: palme

Sardinian: palma, parma, prama

Venetan: palma

West Iberian

Asturian: palma

Old Galician-Portuguese: palma

Galician: palma

Portuguese: palma
→ English: palma

Spanish: palma
→ English: palma

Borrowings

→ Azerbaijani: palma

→ Belarusian: пальма (palʹma)

→ Bulgarian: палма (palma)

→ Cornish: palv

→ Czech: palm

→ Estonian: palm

→ Georgian: პალმა (ṗalma)

→ Hungarian: pálma

→ Lao: ປາມ (pām)

→ Latvian: palm

→ Lithuanian: palmė

→ Macedonian: палма (palma)

→ Malayalam: പം (paṁ)

→ Old Dutch: palma

Middle Dutch: palme

Dutch: palm
→ Caribbean Javanese: palem
→ Indonesian: palem

→ Old English: palm (“palm tree”) (see there for further descendants)

→ Old French: palme

French: palme
→ Romanian: palm

Norman: palme

→ Middle Dutch: palme

Dutch: palm

→ Old High German: palm m, palma f
Middle High German: palme, balme
Central Franconian:
Hunsrik: Palme, Pallem
German: Palme

→ Old Norse: palmi

Faroese: pálmi

Icelandic: pálmi

Danish: palme

Norwegian Bokmål: palme

Norwegian Nynorsk: palme

Old Swedish: palma

Swedish: palm
→ Finnish: palmu

→ Polish: palma

→ Russian: пальма (palʹma) (see there for further descendants)

→ Serbo-Croatian: palma, палма

→ Slovak: palma

→ Slovene: palma

→ Turkish: palmiye

→ Turkmen: palma

→ Ukrainian: пальма (palʹma)

→ Uyghur: پالما (palma)

→ Uzbek: palma

→ Welsh: palf

From Proto-Italic *palamā, from Proto-Indo-European *pl̥h₂meh₂, from *pleh₂- (“flat”). Cognate with Ancient Greek παλάμη (palámē), Old Irish lám, Old English folm, and Albanian shpall.


tenesmus

la-noun

tēnesmus m (genitive tēnesmī); second declension

tēnesmus (canonical masculine)
tēnesmī (genitive)
tēnesmus (nominative singular)
tēnesmī (nominative plural)
tēnesmī (genitive singular)
tēnesmōrum (genitive plural)
tēnesmō (dative singular)
tēnesmīs (dative plural)
tēnesmum (accusative singular)
tēnesmōs (accusative plural)
tēnesmō (ablative singular)
tēnesmīs (ablative plural)
tēnesme (singular vocative)
tēnesmī (plural vocative)

→ English: tenesmus

→ Italian: tenesmo

→ Portuguese: tenesmo

Borrowing from Ancient Greek τεινεσμός (teinesmós, “vain endeavor to evacuate”), from τείνω (teínō, “to stretch, to pull tight”) + -εσμός (-esmós, nominal suffix).


barba

la-noun

barba f (genitive barbae); first declension

barbae (genitive)
barba (nominative singular)
barbae (nominative plural)
barbae (genitive singular)
barbārum (genitive plural)
barbae (dative singular)
barbīs (dative plural)
barbam (accusative singular)
barbās (accusative plural)
barbā (ablative singular)
barbīs (ablative plural)
barba (singular vocative)
barbae (plural vocative)

Eastern Romance

Aromanian: barbã

Istro-Romanian: borbĕ

Romanian: barbă

Franco-Provençal: bârba

Gallo-Romance

Emilian: barba

Ligurian: bàrba

Lombard: barba

Piedmontese: barba

Italo-Dalmatian

Corsican: barba

Italian: barba

Dalmatian: buarba

Sicilian: varva, barba, varba

Occitano-Romance

Catalan: barba

Occitan: barba

Oïl

Old French: barbe

Middle French: barbe
French: barbe

Old Northern French: barbe

Norman: barbe

Walloon: båbe

Anglo-Norman: barbe

Rhaeto-Romance

Friulian: barbe

Romansch: barba

Sardinian: balba, barba, balva

Venetan: barba

⇒ Venetan: barbièr (“barber”)

→ Ottoman Turkish: بربر (berber) (see there for further descendants)

West Iberian

Aragonese: barba

Asturian: barba

Old Galician-Portuguese: barva

Galician: barba

desctree

Portuguese: barba
→ Sranan Tongo: barba
Aukan: baiba

Ladino: barva, בארב׳ה

Spanish: barba

→ Proto-Brythonic: *barv

Breton: barv

Cornish: barv

Welsh: barf

Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰardʰéh₂ (“beard”). Since PIE *bʰ normally became [f] at the start of a Latin word, the initial [b] calls for some explanation. It is generally attributed to long-distance regressive assimilation in voicing and/or manner of articulation (e.g. *farb- > barb-).
More information
Katz (1998 and 2006:335-337) identifies one other potential example of this sound change, berber (found only in the Carmen Arvale; interpreted by Katz as meaning "firm", cognate to firmus, from *dʰer-), and proposes the sound law *fVrb- > bVrb-, noting it has no apparent counterexamples. This sound law is also endorsed by Weiss 2018:439-440 (citing Katz 2006), with the same examples, although Weiss prefers to interpret berber as meaning 'at every door' and derive it from *dʰwer- (“door, gate”) via *dʰwer-dʰwer (citing Weiss 2017 and Ligorio 2012). On the other hand, De Vaan 2008, citing Driessen 2001, considers this rule ad hoc. For comparison, fiber from *bʰébʰrus (with the similar but not identical shape fVbr-) shows a lack of assimilation (Katz 2006:336).
Previously, Weiss 2009 suggested the alternative of deriving the */b-/ via long-distance aspirate dissimilation ("limited Latin Grassmann's Law") turning *bʰardʰeh₂ into *bardʰeh₂.
De Vaan reconstructs Proto-Italic *farβā on the assumption that Italian farfecchie is borrowed from a cognate word in another Italic language. If this reconstruction is correct, then the assimilation discussed above must have postdated the common Italic stage.

Barba nōn facit philosophum.

Videō barbam et pallium; philosophum nōndum videō.

I see a beard and cloak; a philosopher I don’t yet see.


podex

la-noun

pōdex m (genitive pōdicis); third declension

pōdex (canonical masculine)
pōdicis (genitive)
pōdex (nominative singular)
pōdicēs (nominative plural)
pōdicis (genitive singular)
pōdicum (genitive plural)
pōdicī (dative singular)
pōdicibus (dative plural)
pōdicem (accusative singular)
pōdicēs (accusative plural)
pōdice (ablative singular)
pōdicibus (ablative plural)
pōdex (singular vocative)
pōdicēs (plural vocative)

An ablaut formation from Proto-Indo-European *pesd- (“fart”).

[…] hietque turpis inter aridas natis podex […]

[…] and an anus yawning between arid buttocks […]


occiput

occiput n (genitive occipitis); third declension

occipitis (genitive)
occiput (nominative singular)
occipita (nominative plural)
occipitis (genitive singular)
occipitum (genitive plural)
occipitī (dative singular)
occipitibus (dative plural)
occiput (accusative singular)
occipita (accusative plural)
occipite (ablative singular)
occipitī (ablative singular)
occipitibus (ablative plural)
occiput (singular vocative)
occipita (plural vocative)

English: occiput

French: occiput

Italian: occipite

Portuguese: occiput

Sicilian: uccìpiti

From ob- (“at, before, over”) + caput (“the head”).

affix

(anatomy) The back part of the head, the poll; occiput.


signum

la-noun

signum n (genitive signī); second declension

signī (genitive)
signum (nominative singular)
signa (nominative plural)
signī (genitive singular)
signōrum (genitive plural)
signō (dative singular)
signīs (dative plural)
signum (accusative singular)
signa (accusative plural)
signō (ablative singular)
signīs (ablative plural)
signum (singular vocative)
signa (plural vocative)

Aromanian: semnu

Catalan: senya

Friulian: segn

Italian: segno

→ English: segno

Old French: seing

French: seing

Old Occitan: senh

Catalan: seny

Occitan: senh

desctree

Old Galician-Portuguese: sino
Galician: sino
Portuguese: sino (see there for further descendants)

Piedmontese: segn

Portuguese: senha

Romanian: semn

Romansch: segn

Sardinian: semmu, semu

Sicilian: signu

Spanish: seña

Sicilian: sinna

Venetan: ségno

→ Albanian: shenjë

→ Ancient Greek: σίγνον (sígnon)

→ Catalan: signe

→ English: signum

→ Esperanto: signo

→ Galician: signo

→ Ido: signo

→ Interlingua: signo

→ Old English: segn

→ Old French: signe

→ Middle English: signe

English: sign

Middle French: signe

French: signe

Norman: sîngne

→ Old High German: segan
Middle High German: segen
Bavarian: Segn
German: Segen
Luxembourgish: Segen

→ Old Irish: sén
Irish: séan
Scottish Gaelic: seun

→ Portuguese: signo

→ Spanish: sino, signo

→ Proto-Brythonic: *suɨɣn

Middle Welsh: swyn

Welsh: swyn

From Proto-Italic *seknom, from Proto-Indo-European *sek- (“to cut”) or *sekʷ- (“to follow”).

Tribus autem digitis signa facimus, quia Trinitatem exprimimus.

12th c., Honorius Augustodunensis, Gemma animae 1.57, (from du Cange, Glossarium mediæ et infimæ latinitatis, page 482a)

We perform these signings of the cross with three fingers, because we represent the Trinity with it.

(Medieval Latin) the cross of Jesus Christ & Christianity.


albugo

la-noun

albūgō f (genitive albūginis); third declension

albūgō (canonical feminine)
albūginis (genitive)
albūgō (nominative singular)
albūginēs (nominative plural)
albūginis (genitive singular)
albūginum (genitive plural)
albūginī (dative singular)
albūginibus (dative plural)
albūginem (accusative singular)
albūginēs (accusative plural)
albūgine (ablative singular)
albūginibus (ablative plural)
albūgō (singular vocative)
albūginēs (plural vocative)

→ English: albugo

Catalan: albugínia

Spanish: albúgine

[äɫ̪ˈbuːɡoː]


culus

cūlus m (genitive cūlī); second declension

cūlus (canonical masculine)
cūlī (genitive)
cūlus (nominative singular)
cūlī (nominative plural)
cūlī (genitive singular)
cūlōrum (genitive plural)
cūlō (dative singular)
cūlīs (dative plural)
cūlum (accusative singular)
cūlōs (accusative plural)
cūlō (ablative singular)
cūlīs (ablative plural)
cūle (singular vocative)
cūlī (plural vocative)

Aragonese: culo

Aromanian: cur

Asturian: culu

Catalan: cul

Corsican: culu

Dalmatian: čol

French: cul, culotte

Friulian: cûl

Ido: kulo

Istro-Romanian: cur

Italian: culo

Lombard: cüü

Megleno-Romanian: cur

Occitan: cuol

desctree

Old Galician-Portuguese: cuu, cũu
Fala: cu
Galician: cu
Portuguese: cu

Old Spanish: culo
Ladino: kulo
Spanish: culo

Romanian: cur

Romansch: tgil, tgigl, chül

Sardinian: colu, cu, culu

Sicilian: culu

Venetan: cuło, cul

Walloon: cou

From Proto-Italic *kūlos, from Proto-Indo-European *kuH-l-, zero-grade form of *(s)kewH- (“to cover”) without s-mobile.
Cognates include Old Irish cúl (“bottom”), Lithuanian kẽvalas (“skin, cover”). Related to cutis (“hide”).

Non (ita me di ament) quicquam referre putaui,

c. 84 BCE – 54 BCE, Catullus, Carmina 97, (translation adapted by H.J.Walker, which can be viewed here)

I swear by the gods, I didn't think it mattered one straw,
whether I sniffed Aemilius's head or his arse.

(vulgar, anatomy) The posterior, arse, ass, buttocks


meningitis

la-noun

mēningītis f (genitive mēningītidis); third declension

mēningītis (canonical feminine)
mēningītidis (genitive)
mēningītis (nominative singular)
mēningītidēs (nominative plural)
mēningītidis (genitive singular)
mēningītidum (genitive plural)
mēningītidī (dative singular)
mēningītidibus (dative plural)
mēningītidem (accusative singular)
mēningītidēs (accusative plural)
mēningītide (ablative singular)
mēningītidibus (ablative plural)
mēningītis (singular vocative)
mēningītidēs (plural vocative)

From Ancient Greek μῆνῐγξ (mêninx) + -ītis.


lamina

lāmina f (genitive lāminae); first declension

lāmina (canonical feminine)
lāminae (genitive)
lāmina (nominative singular)
lāminae (nominative plural)
lāminae (genitive singular)
lāminārum (genitive plural)
lāminae (dative singular)
lāminīs (dative plural)
lāminam (accusative singular)
lāminās (accusative plural)
lāminā (ablative singular)
lāminīs (ablative plural)
lāmina (singular vocative)
lāminae (plural vocative)

desctree

French: lame
→ Catalan: llama
→ Italian: lama
→ Persian: لام (lâm, “microscope slide”)

Friulian: lame

Romanian: lamură, lamă

Romansch: loma, lama

Sicilian: lanna, landa, landia, lannia (Calabria)
→ Italian: landa (see there for further descendants)
→ Maltese: landa

Venetan: lama

→ Catalan: làmina (learned)

→ English: lamina (learned)

→ French: lamine (learned)

→ Galician: lamia

→ Galician: lámina (learned)

→ Proto-West Germanic: *lammā (see there for further descendants)

→ Greek: λάμα (láma)

→ Italian: lamina (learned)

→ Portuguese: lâmina (learned)

→ Romanian: lamină (learned)

→ Spanish: lámina (learned)

Uncertain; possibly from Proto-Indo-European *stelh₃- (“broad, to broaden”). See lātus, latus.

der

(transferred sense)
(anatomy) the flap of the ear


tama

la-noun

tama f (genitive tamae); first declension

tamae (genitive)
tama (nominative singular)
tamae (nominative plural)
tamae (genitive singular)
tamārum (genitive plural)
tamae (dative singular)
tamīs (dative plural)
tamam (accusative singular)
tamās (accusative plural)
tamā (ablative singular)
tamīs (ablative plural)
tama (singular vocative)
tamae (plural vocative)


Lazarus

la-proper noun

Lāzārus m (genitive Lāzārī); second declension

Lāzārus (canonical masculine)
Lāzārī (genitive)
Lāzārus (nominative singular)
Lāzārī (nominative plural)
Lāzārī (genitive singular)
Lāzārōrum (genitive plural)
Lāzārō (dative singular)
Lāzārīs (dative plural)
Lāzārum (accusative singular)
Lāzārōs (accusative plural)
Lāzārō (ablative singular)
Lāzārīs (ablative plural)
Lāzāre (singular vocative)
Lāzārī (plural vocative)

English: Lazarus, lazar

French: Lazare

Italian: lazzaro

[ɫ̪äːz̪ˈd̪͡z̪äːrʊs̠]

From Koine Greek Λᾱ́ζᾱρος (Lā́zāros), the given name of the Biblical character found in Luke 16, from Biblical Hebrew אֶלְעָזָר (“Eleazar”), a given name shared by various figures in the Hebrew Bible and literally meaning "God has helped".


perinaeum

la-noun

perinaeum n (genitive perinaeī); second declension

perinaeī (genitive)
perinaeum (nominative singular)
perinaea (nominative plural)
perinaeī (genitive singular)
perinaeōrum (genitive plural)
perinaeō (dative singular)
perinaeīs (dative plural)
perinaeum (accusative singular)
perinaea (accusative plural)
perinaeō (ablative singular)
perinaeīs (ablative plural)
perinaeum (singular vocative)
perinaea (plural vocative)

desctree

French: périnée, perinæe (obsolete)
→ Persian: پرینه (perine)
→ Spanish: periné
→ Turkish: perine

Italian: perineo

Spanish: perineo

→ English: perinaeum

→ German: Perinäum

Borrowed from Ancient Greek περίναιον (perínaion).


marasmus

la-noun

marasmus m (genitive marasmī); second declension

marasmī (genitive)
marasmus (nominative singular)
marasmī (nominative plural)
marasmī (genitive singular)
marasmōrum (genitive plural)
marasmō (dative singular)
marasmīs (dative plural)
marasmum (accusative singular)
marasmōs (accusative plural)
marasmō (ablative singular)
marasmīs (ablative plural)
marasme (singular vocative)
marasmī (plural vocative)

→ English: marasmus

Borrowed from Ancient Greek μᾰρᾰσμός (marasmós, “withering”, noun), related to μᾰραίνω (maraínō, “to quench; to waste, wither”).


mappa

la-noun

mappa f (genitive mappae); first declension

mappae (genitive)
mappa (nominative singular)
mappae (nominative plural)
mappae (genitive singular)
mappārum (genitive plural)
mappae (dative singular)
mappīs (dative plural)
mappam (accusative singular)
mappās (accusative plural)
mappā (ablative singular)
mappīs (ablative plural)
mappa (singular vocative)
mappae (plural vocative)

→ Catalan: mapa m

→ Danish: mappe

→ English: map
→ Swedish: mappa

→ Esperanto: mapo

Galician: mapa m

desctree

→ German: Mappe
→ Czech: mapa
→ Dutch: map
→ Romanian: mapă

Italian: mappa

Mirandese: mapa

→ Old French: mapamonde

desc

> French: mappemonde, mapper (inherited)

Middle English: mapemounde

English: map

> Old French: nappe (inherited)

→ English: nape, napkin

⇒ Portuguese: guardanapo

desctree

→ Polish: mapa
→ Belarusian: ма́па (mápa)
→ Ukrainian: ма́па (mápa)
→ Yiddish: מאַפּע (mape)

Portuguese: mapa m

Sicilian: mappa, mappina

Spanish: mapa m

Venetan: mapa

Said by the Roman author Quintilian to be of Punic origin, perhaps from Phoenician 𐤌𐤀𐤐 (mʾp /mappē/), from Proto-Semitic *manpay, *manpiy- (“fine cloth, sieve”). Compare Israeli Hebrew מַפָּה (mappā́, “a map; a cloth”).


canthus

la-noun

canthus m (genitive canthī); second declension

canthī (genitive)
canthus (nominative singular)
canthī (nominative plural)
canthī (genitive singular)
canthōrum (genitive plural)
canthō (dative singular)
canthīs (dative plural)
canthum (accusative singular)
canthōs (accusative plural)
canthō (ablative singular)
canthīs (ablative plural)
canthe (singular vocative)
canthī (plural vocative)

From Ancient Greek κανθός (kanthós, “corner of the eye”), which became conflated with the above.

bor

[ˈkän̪t̪ʰʊs̠]


galla

la-noun

galla f (genitive gallae); first declension

gallae (genitive)
galla (nominative singular)
gallae (nominative plural)
gallae (genitive singular)
gallārum (genitive plural)
gallae (dative singular)
gallīs (dative plural)
gallam (accusative singular)
gallās (accusative plural)
gallā (ablative singular)
gallīs (ablative plural)
galla (singular vocative)
gallae (plural vocative)

Catalan: gala, agalla

→ English: gall

French: galle

Italian: galla

Portuguese: galha, galho

→ Russian: галл (gall)

Spanish: galla, gajo

There are various hypotheses:
* Perhaps from or influenced by Germanic, if the sense is "poison-sore"; see Proto-Germanic *gallǭ (English gall).
* From Proto-Indo-European *gel- (“form into a ball; ball”). Cognate with Latin glaeba, glomus and Proto-Germanic *klumpô (“mass, lump, clump; clasp”).

cog

proderit et tunsum gallae admiscere saporem […]

c. 37 BCE – 30 BCE, Virgil, Georgics 4.267

It is good too to blend a taste of pounded oak apples […]


fascinum

la-noun

fascinum n (genitive fascinī); second declension

fascinī (genitive)
fascinum (nominative singular)
fascina (nominative plural)
fascinī (genitive singular)
fascinōrum (genitive plural)
fascinō (dative singular)
fascinīs (dative plural)
fascinum (accusative singular)
fascina (accusative plural)
fascinō (ablative singular)
fascinīs (ablative plural)
fascinum (singular vocative)
fascina (plural vocative)

→ English: fascinum

Italian: fascino

⇒ Portuguese: fascínio

[ˈfäs̠kɪnʊ̃ˑ]

Unknown; compare Ancient Greek βάσκανος (báskanos, “sorcerer, slanderer”, adjective and noun), possibly from the same European substrate language.

cog

Prōfert Oenothea scorteum fascinum, quod ut oleō et minūtō pipere atque ū̆rtīcae trītō circumdedit sēmine […]

c. 27 CE – 66 CE, Petronius, Satyricon 138

Then Oenothea takes out a leather dildo and, having covered it in oil, pepper and ground nettle seeds […]

(by extension) a phallus-shaped amulet worn around the neck as a preventive against witchcraft


mentula

la-noun

mentula f (genitive mentulae); first declension

mentulae (genitive)
mentula (nominative singular)
mentulae (nominative plural)
mentulae (genitive singular)
mentulārum (genitive plural)
mentulae (dative singular)
mentulīs (dative plural)
mentulam (accusative singular)
mentulās (accusative plural)
mentulā (ablative singular)
mentulīs (ablative plural)
mentula (singular vocative)
mentulae (plural vocative)

⇒ Vulgar Latin: *mintula (see there for further descendants)

→ English: mentula

→ French: mentule

[ˈmɛn̪t̪ʊɫ̪ä]

From *mn̥tolā, a possibly Italo-Celtic term considering cognate Irish méadal (“paunch, fat belly”), where "the original meaning of the Irish and Latin words seems to have been 'projecting part of the body'". Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *men- "to protrude, to project, to stick out", hence emineō (“I project”) and mōns (“mountain”). Others have suggested a connection to mens (“mind”) or menta (“mint stalk”)

Ut ista vestra diffututa mentula

c. 84 BCE – 54 BCE, Catullus, Carmina 29

Maronis illic esse mentulam scito.

86 CE – 103 CE, Martial, Epigrammata IX.33

(vulgar) dick, cock (obscene word for the penis)


latex

latex m (genitive laticis); third declension

laticis (genitive)
latex (nominative singular)
laticēs (nominative plural)
laticis (genitive singular)
laticum (genitive plural)
laticī (dative singular)
laticibus (dative plural)
laticem (accusative singular)
laticēs (accusative plural)
latice (ablative singular)
laticibus (ablative plural)
latex (singular vocative)
laticēs (plural vocative)

→ English: latex

→ Armenian: լատեքս (latekʻs)

→ Catalan: làtex

→ Danish: latex

→ Dutch: latex

→ Esperanto: laktosuko

→ Finnish: lateksi

→ French: latex

→ Galician: látex

→ German: Latex

→ Ido: latexo

→ Italian: latice, lattice

→ Japanese: ラテックス (ratekkusu)

→ Polish: lateks

→ Portuguese: látice, látex

→ Romanian: latex

→ Russian: ла́текс (láteks)

→ Spanish: látex

→ Swedish: latex

[ˈɫ̪ät̪ɛks̠]

Potentially a borrowing from Ancient Greek λᾰ́τᾰξ (látax, “drop of wine”), reformed by analogy to other nouns in -ex. The semantic shift, however, from drop of wine to water is difficult to explain and may indicate that both words originated from a separate language. Perhaps from the same root as Proto-Celtic *lati- (Old Irish laith (“liquid, beer”), Welsh llad (“beer”)) or Proto-Germanic *ladjō- (Old High German letto (“clay, loam”), Old Norse leðja (“mud, dregs”)) or from a Pre-Greek language.

cog

(New Latin, medicine) A clear liquid believed to be a component of a humour or other bodily fluid (esp. plasma and lymph)


medulla

la-noun

medulla f (genitive medullae); first declension

medullae (genitive)
medulla (nominative singular)
medullae (nominative plural)
medullae (genitive singular)
medullārum (genitive plural)
medullae (dative singular)
medullīs (dative plural)
medullam (accusative singular)
medullās (accusative plural)
medullā (ablative singular)
medullīs (ablative plural)
medulla (singular vocative)
medullae (plural vocative)

Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: mãduã

Romanian: măduvă

Italo-Romance:

Corsican: marodda, marolla

Italian: midolla, midollo

Sicilian: miduḍḍa, miruḍḍa

North Italian:

>? Friulian: medole

Ligurian: moula, miola, meola

Lombard: miòla

Piedmontese: miola

Venetan: mioła, miola, meoła, meola

Fiumano: medola

Gallo-Romance:

Franco-Provençal: miola, muola

Old French: mëolle

French: moelle

Occitano-Romance:

Old Catalan: meolla, molla, mola

Catalan: molla

desc

Gascon: medora, meula, meura, mora, meusa

Occitan:

Auvergnat: miola, mesola, mzola

Languedocien: mesolha, mesola, meula, meulha, miola, miolha

Limousin: meula, meulha

Provençal: mesola, mevola, meula, meulha

Vivaro-Alpine: mesolha, mesola, meulha, miola, meula

Ibero-Romance:

Aragonese: miolla, medolla

Old Leonese:

Asturian: megolla, migolla, meolla, miolla

Leonese: megolla, migolla, miolla

Mirandese: miolha

Old Galician-Portuguese: *meola

Galician: miola, mola, meola

Portuguese: miola (Northern Portugal)

Borrowings:

→ Italian: medulla

→ Catalan: medul·la

→ English: medulla

→ French: médulla

→ Galician: medula

→ Portuguese: medula

→ Spanish: médula

[mɛˈd̪ʊlːʲä]

Uncertain. Traditionally compared to Latin medius (“middle”), or Proto-Indo-European *mosgʰos (“brain, marrow”). De Vaan mentions neither of these theories, and instead prefers a derivation from Proto-Indo-European *smer-u-lo-, from *smérus (“grease, marrow”), with the irregular change from *-r- > -d- resulting from hypercorrection similar to that of *-d- > -r- in merīdiēs (“midday”).


cura

la-noun

cūra f (genitive cūrae); first declension

cūra (canonical feminine)
cūrae (genitive)
cūra (nominative singular)
cūrae (nominative plural)
cūrae (genitive singular)
cūrārum (genitive plural)
cūrae (dative singular)
cūrīs (dative plural)
cūram (accusative singular)
cūrās (accusative plural)
cūrā (ablative singular)
cūrīs (ablative plural)
cūra (singular vocative)
cūrae (plural vocative)

Catalan: cura

Corsican: cura

Friulian: cure

Italian: cura

Ladin: cura

desctree

→ Middle Irish: *cúramm
Irish: cúram
Manx: currym
Scottish Gaelic: cùram

Old French: cure
→ Middle Dutch: cure
Dutch: kuur
→ Middle English: cure
English: cure
Middle French: cure
French: cure

Piedmontese: cura

→ Proto-Brythonic: *kʉr

Middle Welsh: kur

Welsh: cur

Old Galician-Portuguese: cura

Portuguese: cura

Romagnol: cùra

Romanian: cură

Spanish: cura

From Proto-Italic *kʷoizā, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷeys- (“to heed”).


frenum

la-noun

frēnum n (genitive frēnī); second declension

frēnum (canonical neuter)
frēnī (genitive)
frēnum (nominative singular)
frēna (nominative plural)
frēnī (nominative plural)
frēnī (genitive singular)
frēnōrum (genitive plural)
frēnō (dative singular)
frēnīs (dative plural)
frēnum (accusative singular)
frēna (accusative plural)
frēnōs (accusative plural)
frēnō (ablative singular)
frēnīs (ablative plural)
frēnum (singular vocative)
frēna (plural vocative)
frēnī (plural vocative)

Eastern Romance:

Aromanian: frãn, fãrnu, frãnu

Romanian: frână, frâu

Italian: freno

desctree

Old French: frein
Middle French: frein m
French: frein m
→ Khmer: ហ្វ្រ័ង (frang)
→ Ottoman Turkish: فرن (fren), فرهن (fren)
Turkish: fren
→ Vietnamese: phanh

Old Occitan:

Catalan: fre

Occitan: fren

Old Galician-Portuguese: frẽo

Galician: freo

Portuguese: freio

Old Spanish:

Spanish: freno
→ Bikol Central: preno
→ Cebuano: preno
→ Magdalena Peñasco Mixtec: frenu
→ Southeastern Tepehuan: piriiñ
→ Tagalog: preno

Rhaeto-Romance:

Friulian: fren

Romansch: frain, frein, fragn

Sardinian: frenu

Sicilian: frenu

Venetan: fren

→ Albanian: fre

→ Proto-Brythonic: *fruɨn

Old Welsh: fruin

Middle Welsh: ffrwyn

Welsh: ffrwyn

→ English: frenum

→ Old Irish: srían
Middle Irish: srían
Irish: srian
Scottish Gaelic: srian
Manx: streean

From Proto-Italic *frēnom, from earlier *θrēnom, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰr-eh₁-nom, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰer- (“to hold”). Cognates include ferē, fermē and firmus.

(anatomy) ligament which attaches the inside of the foreskin to the glans


velum

la-noun

vēlum n (genitive vēlī); second declension

vēlum (canonical neuter)
vēlī (genitive)
vēlum (nominative singular)
vēla (nominative plural)
vēlī (genitive singular)
vēlōrum (genitive plural)
vēlō (dative singular)
vēlīs (dative plural)
vēlum (accusative singular)
vēla (accusative plural)
vēlō (ablative singular)
vēlīs (ablative plural)
vēlum (singular vocative)
vēla (plural vocative)

Italian: velo

Old French: voil, veil

→ English: veil

desctree

French: voile
→ Bulgarian: воа́л (voál)
→ English: voile
→ Irish: voil
→ Italian: voile
→ Romanian: voal
→ Russian: вуаль (vualʹ)
→ Vietnamese: voan

Norman: vouaile

Old Occitan:

Catalan: vel

Occitan: vel

Old Galician-Portuguese: veo

Portuguese: véu

→ Romansch: vel

→ Romanian: văl

→ Spanish: velo

Italian: vela, velo (archaic)
→ Romanian: velă

Old French: voile, veile, veille
Franc-Comtois: vouéle
French: voile
Norman: vaile

Old Leonese:

Asturian: vela

Mirandese: bela

Old Occitan:

Catalan: vela

Occitan: vela

Old Galician-Portuguese: vea

Rhaeto-Romance:

Friulian: vele

→ Romansch: vela

Sardinian: vela, bela

Spanish: vela
→ Chamicuro: wela

→ Classical Syriac: ܘܝܠܐ (wēlā)

→ Dalmatian: vaila

→ Old Galician-Portuguese: vela

Galician: vela

Portuguese: vela

→ Albanian: vel

→ English: velum

→ Hebrew: וִילוֹן (wīlṓn)

→ Old Irish: fíal

Irish: fial

[ˈu̯eːɫ̪ʊ̃ˑ]

From Proto-Italic *wekslom (note the Latin term's diminutive form vēxillum (as in pālus > pāxillus), which lends credence to this reconstruction), with two competing theories:
* From Proto-Indo-European *wegslom, from *weg- (“to weave, bind”). Cognate with English wick, Welsh gweu (“to weave”).
* Others refer it to *weǵʰ- (“to ride”), thus "that which propels"; in this case, cognate with Proto-Slavic *veslo (“oar”). This is semantically less attractive than the above theory.


herpes

la-noun

herpēs m (genitive herpētis); third declension

herpēs (canonical masculine)
herpētis (genitive)
herpēs (nominative singular)
herpētēs (nominative plural)
herpētis (genitive singular)
herpētum (genitive plural)
herpētī (dative singular)
herpētibus (dative plural)
herpētem (accusative singular)
herpētēs (accusative plural)
herpēte (ablative singular)
herpētibus (ablative plural)
herpēs (singular vocative)
herpētēs (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἕρπης (hérpēs).

an unknown sort of animal, perhaps a kind of mongoose


sanies

saniēs f (genitive saniēī); fifth declension

saniēs (canonical feminine)
saniēī (genitive)
saniēs (nominative singular)
saniēs (nominative plural)
saniēī (genitive singular)
saniērum (genitive plural)
saniēī (dative singular)
saniēbus (dative plural)
saniem (accusative singular)
saniēs (accusative plural)
saniē (ablative singular)
saniēbus (ablative plural)
saniēs (singular vocative)
saniēs (plural vocative)

Italian: sanie

Sardinian: sanza, sangia

Picard Old French: sainnie

desc

Middle French: saingne, rancle de saingnie (“purulent ulcer”)

⇒ Old Catalan: saniar

→? Old Occitan: sania

Portuguese: sanha

Spanish: saña

→ English: sanies

→ Catalan: sànies

→ Portuguese: sânie

→ Spanish: sanies

From Proto-Indo-European *h₁sh₂-én-, oblique stem of *h₁ésh₂r̥ (“blood”). Compare Latin sanguis.


cilium

la-noun

cilium n (genitive ciliī or cilī); second declension

ciliī (genitive)
cilī (genitive)
cilium (nominative singular)
cilia (nominative plural)
ciliī (genitive singular)
cilī (genitive singular)
ciliōrum (genitive plural)
ciliō (dative singular)
ciliīs (dative plural)
cilium (accusative singular)
cilia (accusative plural)
ciliō (ablative singular)
ciliīs (ablative plural)
cilium (singular vocative)
cilia (plural vocative)

Dalmatian:

čeja

Italo-Romance:

Italian: ciglio

Sicilian: cigghiu, gigghiu

Insular Romance:

Sardinian: chizu, cillu, chiza

North Italian:

Friulian: cee

Istriot: sia

Lombard: zida

>? Piedmontese: sign

Romagnol: zida

Romansch: tschegl

Venetan: segia, zheja, cegia, çéi

Gallo-Romance:

Catalan: cella

Old French: cil, cille

French: cil

Occitan: cilh, celh, cilha, celha

Ibero-Romance:

Aragonese: cella

Asturian: ceya

Galician: cella

Portuguese: celha

Spanish: ceja, cejo

Borrowings:

→ English: cilium

→ Ido: cilio

→ Portuguese: cílio

→ Romanian: ciliu

→ Spanish: cilio

→ Swedish: cilie

From Proto-Italic *keljom, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱel-yo-m, which is derived from Proto-Indo-European *ḱel- (“to cover”). Alternatively compare Ancient Greek κῠ́λᾱ (kúlā, “the parts under the eyes”) (though Beekes doubts this connection and derives the latter from Pre-Greek).

cog

(anatomy) eyelid
(transferred sense) lower eyelid

(Medieval Latin, usually in the plural) eyelash


lacertus

la-noun

lacertus m (genitive lacertī); second declension

lacertī (genitive)
lacertus (nominative singular)
lacertī (nominative plural)
lacertī (genitive singular)
lacertōrum (genitive plural)
lacertō (dative singular)
lacertīs (dative plural)
lacertum (accusative singular)
lacertōs (accusative plural)
lacertō (ablative singular)
lacertīs (ablative plural)
lacerte (singular vocative)
lacertī (plural vocative)

Uncertain. Possibly from lacerta (“lizard”), as musculus derived from a supposed resemblance to little mice; possibly from Proto-Indo-European *Hlak-, *lēk- (“leg, q.v.”)

[ɫ̪äˈkɛrt̪ʊs̠]

(anatomy) The muscular part of the upper arm, including the shoulder, biceps, and triceps.


cora

cora f (genitive corae); first declension

corae (genitive)
cora (nominative singular)
corae (nominative plural)
corae (genitive singular)
corārum (genitive plural)
corae (dative singular)
corīs (dative plural)
coram (accusative singular)
corās (accusative plural)
corā (ablative singular)
corīs (ablative plural)
cora (singular vocative)
corae (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek κόρη (kórē).


abulia

abūlia f sg (genitive abūliae); first declension

abūlia (canonical feminine singular)
abūliae (genitive)
abūlia (nominative singular)
abūliae (genitive singular)
abūliae (dative singular)
abūliam (accusative singular)
abūliā (ablative singular)
abūlia (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἀβουλία (aboulía).

bor+

Qui contra melancholia affecti sunt, et paranoia fixa et abulia, in his contraria ratio habenda est: summa nimirum lenitas, et affabilitas, et amicabilitas iis adhibenda.

1841, Johann Christian August Heinroth, Meletemata psychiatrica II. De formis amentiae, page 11:

As for those who are affected by melancholia, and fixed paranoia and abulia, the contrary method is to be employed in these cases: the greatest gentleness, and affability, and amiableness should of course be applied to them.


delirium

la-noun

dēlīrium n (genitive dēlīriī or dēlīrī); second declension

dēlīrium (canonical neuter)
dēlīriī (genitive)
dēlīrī (genitive)
dēlīrium (nominative singular)
dēlīria (nominative plural)
dēlīriī (genitive singular)
dēlīrī (genitive singular)
dēlīriōrum (genitive plural)
dēlīriō (dative singular)
dēlīriīs (dative plural)
dēlīrium (accusative singular)
dēlīria (accusative plural)
dēlīriō (ablative singular)
dēlīriīs (ablative plural)
dēlīrium (singular vocative)
dēlīria (plural vocative)

>? Asturian: deleres

Catalan: deler, → deliri

→ Asturian: deliriu

→ Bulgarian: дели́р (delír)

→ Catalan: deliri

→ Czech: delirium

→ Danish: delirium

→ Dutch: delier, delirium

→ English: delirium

→ Esperanto: deliro

→ Estonian: deliirium

→ Finnish: delirium

→ French: délire, delirium

→ Romanian: delir

→ German: Delirium

→ Hungarian: delírium

→ Ido: deliro

→ Interlingua: delirio

→ Italian: delirio

→ Northern Kurdish: delîriyûm

→ Norwegian: delirium, dille

→ Polish: delirium

→ Portuguese: delírio

→ Russian: дели́рий (delírij)

→ Serbo-Croatian: делиријум

→ Slovak: delírium

→ Spanish: delirio, delírium

→ Swedish: delirium

→ Turkish: deliriyum

[d̪eːˈlʲiːriʊ̃ˑ]

From dēlīrō (“to deviate from a straight track; to be crazy or deranged”) + -ium (nominal suffix).

af

[…] aut quī febre aequē nōn quiēscente simul et dēlīrio et spīrandī difficultāte vexātur […]

c. 47 C.E., Aulus Cornelius Celsus, De Medicina, 2.7.28:

[…] or when, likewise without the fever subsiding, he is distressed at once by delirium and difficulty in breathing […]


glans penis

la-noun

glāns pēnis f (genitive glandis pēnis); third declension

glāns pēnis (canonical feminine)
glandis pēnis (genitive)
glāns pēnis (nominative singular)
glandēs pēnis (nominative plural)
glandis pēnis (genitive singular)
glandum pēnis (genitive plural)
glandī pēnis (dative singular)
glandibus pēnis (dative plural)
glandem pēnis (accusative singular)
glandēs pēnis (accusative plural)
glande pēnis (ablative singular)
glandibus pēnis (ablative plural)
glāns pēnis (singular vocative)
glandēs pēnis (plural vocative)

English: glans penis


tormina

tormina n pl (genitive torminum); third declension

torminum (genitive)
tormina (nominative plural)
torminum (genitive plural)
torminibus (dative plural)
tormina (accusative plural)
torminibus (ablative plural)
tormina (plural vocative)


mala

māla f (genitive mālae); first declension

māla (canonical feminine)
mālae (genitive)
māla (nominative singular)
mālae (nominative plural)
mālae (genitive singular)
mālārum (genitive plural)
mālae (dative singular)
mālīs (dative plural)
mālam (accusative singular)
mālās (accusative plural)
mālā (ablative singular)
mālīs (ablative plural)
māla (singular vocative)
mālae (plural vocative)

→ English: mala

→ English: malar

From Proto-Italic *smakslā, from Proto-Indo-European *smeḱ- (“beard”) as *smḱ- (“beard”) + *-sleh₂-; cognate with Sanskrit श्मश्रु (śmaśru, “beard”)).


fauces

faucēs f pl (genitive faucium); third declension

faucēs (canonical feminine plural)
faucium (genitive)
faucēs (nominative plural)
faucium (genitive plural)
faucibus (dative plural)
faucēs (accusative plural)
faucīs (accusative plural)
faucibus (ablative plural)
faucēs (plural vocative)

→ English: fauces

→ Galician: fauces

→ Italian: fauci

→ Portuguese: fauces

→ Spanish: fauces

unk

unknown

Et tamen omnibus hominibus contrā serpentēs inest venēnum: ferunt ictum salīvae ut ferventis aquae contāctum fugere; quod sī in faucēs penetrāverit, etiam morī, idque maximē hūmānī iēiūnī ōris.

c. 77 CE – 79 CE, Pliny the Elder, Naturalis Historia 7.2.15

And still all people have a venom against snakes: they say that they avoid the attack of saliva like the touch of boiling water; and if it makes its way into the throat, they also die, and most of all in the case of that of a fasted human mouth.

(literal) the upper part of a throat; a throat, pharynx, gullet


nasus

la-noun

nāsus m (genitive nāsī); second declension

nāsus (canonical masculine)
nāsī (genitive)
nāsus (nominative singular)
nāsī (nominative plural)
nāsī (genitive singular)
nāsōrum (genitive plural)
nāsō (dative singular)
nāsīs (dative plural)
nāsum (accusative singular)
nāsōs (accusative plural)
nāsō (ablative singular)
nāsīs (ablative plural)
nāse (singular vocative)
nāsī (plural vocative)

Balkan Romance:

Istro-Romanian: nås

Megleno-Romanian: nas

Romanian: nas

Dalmatian:

nuos

Italo-Romance:

Corsican: nasu

Italian: naso

Neapolitan: naso

Sicilian: nasu

Insular Romance:

Sardinian: nasu

North Italian:

Venetan: naxo

Gallo-Italian:

Ligurian: naso

Piedmontese: nas

Rhaeto-Romance:

Friulian: nâs

Ladin: nès

Romansch: nas

Gallo-Romance:

Franco-Provençal: nâs

Oïl:

French: nez, naseau

Walloon: nez

Oc:

Catalan: nas

Occitan: nas

Ibero-Romance:

Spanish: naso

→ English: nasus

From Proto-Italic *nāssos, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *néh₂s.

nam unguentum dabo, quod meae puellae,
donarunt Veneres Cupidinesque,
quod tu cum olfacies, deos rogabis,
totum ut te faciant, Fabulle, nasum.
for I will give you perfume, which to my girl

c. 84 BCE – 54 BCE, Catullus, Carmen 13 11-14

which when you smell it, you will ask the gods,
to make you, Fabullus, all nose


archiater

archīāter m (genitive archīātrī); second declension

archīāter (canonical masculine)
archīātrī (genitive)
archīāter (nominative singular)
archīātrī (nominative plural)
archīātrī (genitive singular)
archīātrōrum (genitive plural)
archīātrō (dative singular)
archīātrīs (dative plural)
archīātrum (accusative singular)
archīātrōs (accusative plural)
archīātrō (ablative singular)
archīātrīs (ablative plural)
archīāter (singular vocative)
archīātrī (plural vocative)

Catalan: arquiatre

French: archiatre

Galician: arquiatro

Italian: archiatra

Portuguese: arquiatro

→ Basque: atxeter

→ English: archiater

→ Finnish: arkkiatri

→ Swedish: arkiater

→ Proto-West Germanic: *arcijātārī (see there for further descendants)

[ärkʰiːˈäːt̪ɛr]

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἀρχιατρός (arkhiatrós), from ἀρχι- (arkhi-, “chief”) + ἰατρός (iatrós, “doctor”).

prefix

physician, especially a chief physician of a ruler.


fimum

la-noun

fimum n (genitive fimī); second declension

fimī (genitive)
fimum (nominative singular)
fima (nominative plural)
fimī (genitive singular)
fimōrum (genitive plural)
fimō (dative singular)
fimīs (dative plural)
fimum (accusative singular)
fima (accusative plural)
fimō (ablative singular)
fimīs (ablative plural)
fimum (singular vocative)
fima (plural vocative)

Italo-Romance:

Italian: fimo

⇒ Vulgar Latin: *femum

Northern Gallo-Romance:

Franco-Provençal: fien

Old French: fien

Southern Gallo-Romance:

Aragonese: fiemo

→ Spanish: fiemo, fimo

Catalan: fem

⇒ Vulgar Latin: *femārium

Old French: femier

Sicilian: fumeri

From Proto-Italic *fūje-, from earlier *θūje, modeled on Proto-Indo-European *dʰuh₂-yé-ti, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰewh₂-. See also Latin furvus (“dark, swarthy”), fūmus (“smoke”) and fūlīgō (“soot”).


pecten

pecten m (genitive pectinis); third declension

pectinis (genitive)
pecten (nominative singular)
pectinēs (nominative plural)
pectinis (genitive singular)
pectinum (genitive plural)
pectinī (dative singular)
pectinibus (dative plural)
pectinem (accusative singular)
pectinēs (accusative plural)
pectine (ablative singular)
pectinibus (ablative plural)
pecten (singular vocative)
pectinēs (plural vocative)

Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: cheaptini, chiaptini

Megleno-Romanian: chiaptini

Romanian: pieptene, pieptăn

Dalmatian:

piacno

Italo-Romance:

Corsican: pèttine

Italian: pettine

Neapolitan: pèttene, pèttine

Sicilian: pèttini

Calabria: pèttinu

Insular Romance:

Sardinian: petene, petini, petiri

North Italian:

Gallo-Italic:

Emilian: pèten, pätne

Ligurian: péteno

Lombard: péten, pécen

Piedmontese: pento, pecio, peci, pécen

Romagnol: pètan, pètne

Rhaeto-Romance:

Friulian: pietin

Ladin: péten

Romansch: petgen, pettan

Venetan: petene, peten

Gallo-Romance:

Franco-Provençal: pé(g)no

French: peigne

Occitano-Romance:

Catalan: pinte, ⇒ pinta

desc

Gascon: piente, pentie, piento, pinti, pende, pentge, pinto, pienti, piendi

Occitan: penche (all dialects)

Limousin: pinte, pinti

Ibero-Romance:

Aragonese: piente, peine, pine

Old Leonese: [Term?]

Asturian: peñe, peine, peiñe, pene

Leonese: pende, peñe, peine

Mirandese: peine

Old Galician-Portuguese: *peitẽe

Galician: empeña, peite, pente, pieite

Portuguese: pente

Old Spanish: peyne

Spanish: empeine, peine

Borrowings:

→ English: pecten

From Proto-Italic *pekten, from Proto-Indo-European *peḱten-s, from Proto-Indo-European *peḱ- (“pluck”) (whence pecto). Cognate with Ancient Greek κτείς (kteís).


medus

la-noun

mēdus m (genitive mēdī); second declension

mēdus (canonical masculine)
mēdī (genitive)
mēdus (nominative singular)
mēdī (nominative plural)
mēdī (genitive singular)
mēdōrum (genitive plural)
mēdō (dative singular)
mēdīs (dative plural)
mēdum (accusative singular)
mēdōs (accusative plural)
mēdō (ablative singular)
mēdīs (ablative plural)
mēde (singular vocative)
mēdī (plural vocative)

From a Germanic language, from Proto-Germanic *meduz, from Proto-Indo-European *médʰu.


pulmo

pulmō m (genitive pulmōnis); third declension

pulmō (canonical masculine)
pulmōnis (genitive)
pulmō (nominative singular)
pulmōnēs (nominative plural)
pulmōnis (genitive singular)
pulmōnum (genitive plural)
pulmōnī (dative singular)
pulmōnibus (dative plural)
pulmōnem (accusative singular)
pulmōnēs (accusative plural)
pulmōne (ablative singular)
pulmōnibus (ablative plural)
pulmō (singular vocative)
pulmōnēs (plural vocative)

Eastern Romance:

Aromanian: pãlmunã, plimunã

Romanian: plămân, pulmon

Western Romance:

Gallo-Romance:

Catalan: pulmó

Old French: poumon

French: poumon

Friulian: palmon

Occitan: palmon

Piedmontese: polmon

Romansch: lom, lomm

Venetan: polmon

Walloon: peumon

Ibero-Romance:

Asturian: polmón

Galician: pulmón, polmón

Portuguese: pulmão

Old Spanish: pulmon

Spanish: pulmón

Italo-Dalmatian:

desc

Neapolitan: permóne, pirmùni, premmone, prummune, purmune

Sicilian: purmuni, primuni

Italo-Romance:

Italian: polmone

Sardinian: pimone, piumone, piumoni, primone, prummone

From Proto-Italic *plumō with metathesis, from Proto-Indo-European *pléwmō.
Cognates include Sanskrit क्लोमन् (klóman), Ancient Greek πλεύμων (pleúmōn) and Old Church Slavonic плюща (pljušta).


sarna

la-noun

sarna f (genitive sarnae); first declension

sarnae (genitive)
sarna (nominative singular)
sarnae (nominative plural)
sarnae (genitive singular)
sarnārum (genitive plural)
sarnae (dative singular)
sarnīs (dative plural)
sarnam (accusative singular)
sarnās (accusative plural)
sarnā (ablative singular)
sarnīs (ablative plural)
sarna (singular vocative)
sarnae (plural vocative)


spina

spīna f (genitive spīnae); first declension

spīna (canonical feminine)
spīnae (genitive)
spīna (nominative singular)
spīnae (nominative plural)
spīnae (genitive singular)
spīnārum (genitive plural)
spīnae (dative singular)
spīnīs (dative plural)
spīnam (accusative singular)
spīnās (accusative plural)
spīnā (ablative singular)
spīnīs (ablative plural)
spīna (singular vocative)
spīnae (plural vocative)

Franco-Provençal: èpena

Italo-Dalmatian

Dalmatian: spaina

Italian: spina

Neapolitan: spina

Sicilian: spina

desctree

Old French: espine
Champenois: épingne
Middle French: espine
French: épine
→ Middle English: spyne
English: spine

Occitano-Romance

Catalan: espina

Occitan: espina

Rhaeto-Romance

Friulian: spine

Romansch: spina, spegna

Sardinian:

Campidanese: spina

Logudorese: ispina

Venetan: spina

West Iberian

Asturian: espina

Old Galician-Portuguese: espinha
Galician: espiña
Portuguese: espinha

Spanish: espina

→ Albanian: shpinë

→ Middle Irish: spín

Irish: spíon

Scottish Gaelic: spìon

→ Middle English: spyne, spine, spin, spyn, spina (learned)
English: spine

→ Polish: spina (learned) (see there for further descendants)

From Proto-Italic *speinā, from Proto-Indo-European *spey- (“sharp point”).

der

(transferred sense)
(anatomy) the backbone, spine


cirrus

la-noun

cirrus m (genitive cirrī); second declension

cirrī (genitive)
cirrus (nominative singular)
cirrī (nominative plural)
cirrī (genitive singular)
cirrōrum (genitive plural)
cirrō (dative singular)
cirrīs (dative plural)
cirrum (accusative singular)
cirrōs (accusative plural)
cirrō (ablative singular)
cirrīs (ablative plural)
cirre (singular vocative)
cirrī (plural vocative)

Catalan: cerro

Galician: cerro

Italian: cirro

Portuguese: cerro

Spanish: cerro

The origin is unknown. There are no definitive cognates in other Indo-European languages. Compare Proto-Germanic *hērą (“hair”).

the mane, especially the forelock, of a horse


urina

ūrīna f (genitive ūrīnae); first declension

ūrīna (canonical feminine)
ūrīnae (genitive)
ūrīna (nominative singular)
ūrīnae (nominative plural)
ūrīnae (genitive singular)
ūrīnārum (genitive plural)
ūrīnae (dative singular)
ūrīnīs (dative plural)
ūrīnam (accusative singular)
ūrīnās (accusative plural)
ūrīnā (ablative singular)
ūrīnīs (ablative plural)
ūrīna (singular vocative)
ūrīnae (plural vocative)

Vulgar Latin: *aurīna (see there for further descendants)

Possibly inherited forms:

Old Catalan: urina

Friulian: urine

Italian: urina

Occitan: urina

Certain borrowings:

→ English: urine

→ French: urine

→ Galician: urina

→ Portuguese: urina

→ Romanian: urină

From Proto-Italic *ūrīnos (“watery”), from Proto-Indo-European *woh₁-r̥ (“water”), possibly a doublet of *wódr̥ (with the "Kortlandt effect", which posits that *d becomes *h₁ under certain conditions). See also Sanskrit वार् (vār, “water”), Avestan 𐬬𐬀𐬭 (var, “rain”).


sapo

sāpō m (genitive sāpōnis); third declension

sāpō (canonical masculine)
sāpōnis (genitive)
sāpō (nominative singular)
sāpōnēs (nominative plural)
sāpōnis (genitive singular)
sāpōnum (genitive plural)
sāpōnī (dative singular)
sāpōnibus (dative plural)
sāpōnem (accusative singular)
sāpōnēs (accusative plural)
sāpōne (ablative singular)
sāpōnibus (ablative plural)
sāpō (singular vocative)
sāpōnēs (plural vocative)

Balkan-Romance:

Aromanian: sãpuni, sãpune

Romanian: săpun

Dalmatian:

Dalmatian: sapaun

Italo-Romance:

desc

Corsican: savone, sapone, savonu, saponu

Italian: sapone
→ Hungarian: szappan

Gallurese: savoni, saoni

desctree

Sicilian: sapuni
→ Maltese: sapun (partly)

Padanian:

Emilian: savon

Friulian: savon

Ligurian: savon, saon, san, son

Lombard: saon, savon

Piedmontese: savon, saon

Romagnol: savon

Romansch: savun, savung, savùn

Venetan: saon, savon

Northern Gallo-Romance:

Franco-Provençal: savon

Old French: sapon, sabon, savon

Middle French: savon

French: savon (see there for further descendants)

→ Breton: saon, soavon

Champenois: saivon

Norman: savon

Southern Gallo-Romance:

Aragonese: sabón, xabon

Old Catalan: sabon

Catalan: sabó

Old Occitan: sabon

Occitan: sabon (all dialects)

Gascon, Auvergnat, Limousin: sablon

Ibero-Romance:

Old Leonese:

Asturian: xabón, xaón

Extremaduran: jabón

Leonese: xabón

Mirandese: xabon

Old Galician-Portuguese: sabon, sabõ

Galician: xabón, xabrón

Portuguese: sabão (see there for further descendants)

Old Spanish: xabon
Ladino:
Hebrew script: שאבון
Latin script: shavón
Spanish: jabón (see there for further descendants)

Insular Romance:

Sardinian: sabone, saboni, saoni

Sassarese: saboni

Borrowings:

→ Albanian: sapun

→ Ancient Greek: σᾱ́πων (sā́pōn) (see there for further descendants)

→ Proto-Celtic:

Cornish: seban

Manx: sheeabin

Scottish Gaelic: siabann

Welsh: sebon

→ Macedonian: сапун (sapun)

→ Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: сапун

Latin script: sapun

Borrowed from Proto-Germanic *saipǭ. Documented since the first century CE (see quote).

Prodest et sapo, Galliarum hoc inventum rutilandis capillis. Fit ex sebo et cinere, optimus fagino et caprino, duobus modis, spissus ac liquidus, uterque apud Germanos maiore in usu viris quam feminis.

late 1st c. CE, Pliny, Natural History, 28.12.51:

The Gaulish invention sapo is also useful for dying one's hair red. It is made of animal fat and ash; the best kind is made of ash from beech trees and fat from goats. It comes in two types, a viscous one and a more runny one, both of which are more commonly used by men than women amongst the Germanic peoples.


febris

la-noun

febris f (genitive febris); third declension

febris (genitive)
febris (nominative singular)
febrēs (nominative plural)
febris (genitive singular)
febrium (genitive plural)
febrī (dative singular)
febribus (dative plural)
febrim (accusative singular)
febrem (accusative singular)
febrēs (accusative plural)
febrīs (accusative plural)
febrī (ablative singular)
febre (ablative singular)
febribus (ablative plural)
febris (singular vocative)
febrēs (plural vocative)

Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: heavrã, hior

Romanian: fior

Italo-Romance:

Italian: febbre
→ Romanian: febră

Neapolitan: freva, freve

Sicilian: frevi

North-Italian:

Friulian: fiere

Ladin: fiëura

Ligurian: freve

Piedmontese: frev, fevra

Romagnol: févra

Romansch: fevra, feavra, feivra

Venetan: fevra, féra

Gallo-Romance:

Catalan: febre, febra

Franco-Provençal: fiévra

Old French: fievre (see there for further descendants)

French: fièvre

→ English: fever

Occitan: fèbre, frèbe, feure

Sardinian: frebbe, frebba, fre

Ibero-Romance:

Asturian: fiebre

Old Galician-Portuguese: febre, fever

Galician: febre

Portuguese: febre

Old Spanish: hiebre, fiebre (semi-learned)

Spanish: fiebre

Borrowings:

→ Proto-West Germanic: *fēbr (see there for further descendants)

From Proto-Italic *feɣʷris, from earlier pre-Italic *θeɣʷris, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰegʷʰ-ri-s, an extension of the root *dʰegʷʰ- (“to burn, warm”). Cognate with februum, foveō,
Ancient Greek τέφρα (téphra).


ebur

ebur n (genitive eboris); third declension

eboris (genitive)
ebur (nominative singular)
ebora (nominative plural)
eboris (genitive singular)
eborum (genitive plural)
eborī (dative singular)
eboribus (dative plural)
ebur (accusative singular)
ebora (accusative plural)
ebore (ablative singular)
eboribus (ablative plural)
ebur (singular vocative)
ebora (plural vocative)

Loan word, probably from Demotic yb (“ivory, Elephantine”), from Egyptian Ab-b-w-E26 (ꜣbw, “ivory, elephant, Elephantine”). Compare Coptic ⲓⲏⲃ (iēb, “Elephantine”); also note Sanskrit इभ (íbha) and Tigre [script needed] (ʔabot).
In any case, probably cognate with the second half of Ancient Greek ἐλέφας (eléphas, “elephant”)


symphysis

la-noun

symphysis f (genitive symphysis or symphyseōs or symphysios); third declension

symphysis (genitive)
symphyseōs (genitive)
symphysios (genitive)
symphysis (nominative singular)
symphysēs (nominative plural)
symphyseis (nominative plural)
symphysis (genitive singular)
symphyseōs (genitive singular)
symphysios (genitive singular)
symphysium (genitive plural)
symphysī (dative singular)
symphysibus (dative plural)
symphysim (accusative singular)
symphysin (accusative singular)
symphysem (accusative singular)
symphysēs (accusative plural)
symphysīs (accusative plural)
symphysī (ablative singular)
symphyse (ablative singular)
symphysibus (ablative plural)
symphysis (singular vocative)
symphysi (singular vocative)
symphysēs (plural vocative)
symphyseis (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek σύμφῠσῐς (súmphusis, “growing together, natural junction”), from σῠμφύω (sumphúō, “to make to grow together, to unite”) + -σῐς (-sis, nominal suffix).


papilla

la-noun

papilla f (genitive papillae); first declension

papillae (genitive)
papilla (nominative singular)
papillae (nominative plural)
papillae (genitive singular)
papillārum (genitive plural)
papillae (dative singular)
papillīs (dative plural)
papillam (accusative singular)
papillās (accusative plural)
papillā (ablative singular)
papillīs (ablative plural)
papilla (singular vocative)
papillae (plural vocative)

→ Catalan: papil·la

→ English: papilla

→ Finnish: papilli

→ French: papille

→ Italian: papilla

→ Portuguese: papila

→ Serbo-Croatian: папѝла (papìla)

→ Sicilian: papiḍḍa

→ Spanish: papila

From papula (“a pustule, pimple”) + -la (diminutive nominal suffix).

af

(anatomy) a nipple, teat on the breast of human beings and of animals

diminutive of papula:
(transferred sense)
(medicine) pustule, pimple


vomitus

la-noun

vomitus m (genitive vomitūs); fourth declension

vomitūs (genitive)
vomitus (nominative singular)
vomitūs (nominative plural)
vomitūs (genitive singular)
vomituum (genitive plural)
vomituī (dative singular)
vomitibus (dative plural)
vomitum (accusative singular)
vomitūs (accusative plural)
vomitū (ablative singular)
vomitibus (ablative plural)
vomitus (singular vocative)
vomitūs (plural vocative)

Asturian: gómitu

Catalan: vòmit

English: vomitus

French: vomi

Italian: vomito

Portuguese: vômito

Spanish: vómito

[ˈu̯ɔmɪt̪ʊs̠]

Perfect passive participle of vomō (“vomit forth”).

That which is thrown up by vomiting; sick, vomit.


ianitor

iānitor m (genitive iānitōris); third declension

iānitor (canonical masculine)
iānitōris (genitive)
iānitor (nominative singular)
iānitōrēs (nominative plural)
iānitōris (genitive singular)
iānitōrum (genitive plural)
iānitōrī (dative singular)
iānitōribus (dative plural)
iānitōrem (accusative singular)
iānitōrēs (accusative plural)
iānitōre (ablative singular)
iānitōribus (ablative plural)
iānitor (singular vocative)
iānitōrēs (plural vocative)

→ English: janitor

[ˈi̯äːnɪt̪ɔr]

From iānua (“front door, entrance”) + -tor, from iānus (“arcade; covered passageway”).


vappa

vappa f (genitive vappae); first declension

vappae (genitive)
vappa (nominative singular)
vappae (nominative plural)
vappae (genitive singular)
vappārum (genitive plural)
vappae (dative singular)
vappīs (dative plural)
vappam (accusative singular)
vappās (accusative plural)
vappā (ablative singular)
vappīs (ablative plural)
vappa (singular vocative)
vappae (plural vocative)

Asturian: guapu

Portuguese: vapa

Sicilian: vappu

Spanish: guapo (see there for further descendants)

(figuratively, derogatory, by extension) worthless person, fop


eclampsia

eclampsia f (genitive eclampsiae); first declension

eclampsiae (genitive)
eclampsia (nominative singular)
eclampsiae (nominative plural)
eclampsiae (genitive singular)
eclampsiārum (genitive plural)
eclampsiae (dative singular)
eclampsiīs (dative plural)
eclampsiam (accusative singular)
eclampsiās (accusative plural)
eclampsiā (ablative singular)
eclampsiīs (ablative plural)
eclampsia (singular vocative)
eclampsiae (plural vocative)

→ English: eclampsia

[ɛˈkɫ̪ämps̠iä]

Borrowed from French éclampsie, from Ancient Greek ἔκλᾰμψῐς (éklampsis, “sudden development, violent onset”, literally “brightness”), from ἐκλᾰ́μπω (eklámpō, “to shine or beam forth; to burst forth violently”) + -σῐς (-sis, nominal suffix).


membrana

la-noun

membrāna f (genitive membrānae); first declension

membrāna (canonical feminine)
membrānae (genitive)
membrāna (nominative singular)
membrānae (nominative plural)
membrānae (genitive singular)
membrānārum (genitive plural)
membrānae (dative singular)
membrānīs (dative plural)
membrānam (accusative singular)
membrānās (accusative plural)
membrānā (ablative singular)
membrānīs (ablative plural)
membrāna (singular vocative)
membrānae (plural vocative)

desctree

→ Ancient Greek: μεμβρᾰ́νᾱ (membránā), μέμβρανον (mémbranon)
→? Gothic: 𐌼𐌰𐌹𐌼𐌱𐍂𐌰𐌽𐌰 (maimbrana) (possibly directly from Latin)

→ Asturian: membrana

→ Catalan: membrana

→ Dutch: membraan

→ English: membrana, membrane

→ French: membrane

→ Galician: membrana

desc

→? Gothic: 𐌼𐌰𐌹𐌼𐌱𐍂𐌰𐌽𐌰 (maimbrana) (possibly through Ancient Greek)

→ Italian: membrana

→ Occitan: membrana

→ Polish: membrana

→ Portuguese: membrana

→ Romanian: membrană

→ Russian: мембрана (membrana)

→ Spanish: membrana

From membrum (“a limb or member of the body”).

(anatomy, zootomy) the skin or membrane that covers parts of the body; (especially) the skin or slough of snakes


cincinnus

la-noun

cincinnus m (genitive cincinnī); second declension

cincinnī (genitive)
cincinnus (nominative singular)
cincinnī (nominative plural)
cincinnī (genitive singular)
cincinnōrum (genitive plural)
cincinnō (dative singular)
cincinnīs (dative plural)
cincinnum (accusative singular)
cincinnōs (accusative plural)
cincinnō (ablative singular)
cincinnīs (ablative plural)
cincinne (singular vocative)
cincinnī (plural vocative)

English: cincinnus

Galician: cenceno

Italian: cincinno

[kɪŋˈkɪnːʊs̠]

From Ancient Greek κῐ́κῐννος (kíkinnos).


celia

celia f (genitive celiae); first declension

celiae (genitive)
celia (nominative singular)
celiae (nominative plural)
celiae (genitive singular)
celiārum (genitive plural)
celiae (dative singular)
celiīs (dative plural)
celiam (accusative singular)
celiās (accusative plural)
celiā (ablative singular)
celiīs (ablative plural)
celia (singular vocative)
celiae (plural vocative)


raphe

raphē f (genitive raphēs); first declension

raphē (canonical feminine)
raphēs (genitive)
raphē (nominative singular)
raphae (nominative plural)
raphēs (genitive singular)
raphārum (genitive plural)
raphae (dative singular)
raphīs (dative plural)
raphēn (accusative singular)
raphās (accusative plural)
raphē (ablative singular)
raphīs (ablative plural)
raphē (singular vocative)
raphae (plural vocative)

→ Catalan: rafe

→ English: raphe

→ French: raphé

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ῥᾰφή (rhaphḗ, “seam; suture”).


lema

la-noun

lēma f (genitive lēmae); first declension

lēma (canonical feminine)
lēmae (genitive)
lēma (nominative singular)
lēmae (nominative plural)
lēmae (genitive singular)
lēmārum (genitive plural)
lēmae (dative singular)
lēmīs (dative plural)
lēmam (accusative singular)
lēmās (accusative plural)
lēmā (ablative singular)
lēmīs (ablative plural)
lēma (singular vocative)
lēmae (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek λήμη (lḗmē).

rheum that collects in the corner of the eyes


fomento

la-verb

fōmentō (present infinitive fōmentāre, perfect active fōmentāvī, supine fōmentātum); first conjugation

fōmentō (canonical)
fōmentāre (infinitive present)
fōmentāvī (active perfect)
fōmentātum (supine)
fōmentō (active first-person indicative present singular)
fōmentās (active indicative present second-person singular)
fōmentat (active indicative present singular third-person)
fōmentāmus (active first-person indicative plural present)
fōmentātis (active indicative plural present second-person)
fōmentant (active indicative plural present third-person)
fōmentābam (active first-person imperfect indicative singular)
fōmentābās (active imperfect indicative second-person singular)
fōmentābat (active imperfect indicative singular third-person)
fōmentābāmus (active first-person imperfect indicative plural)
fōmentābātis (active imperfect indicative plural second-person)
fōmentābant (active imperfect indicative plural third-person)
fōmentābō (active first-person future indicative singular)
fōmentābis (active future indicative second-person singular)
fōmentābit (active future indicative singular third-person)
fōmentābimus (active first-person future indicative plural)
fōmentābitis (active future indicative plural second-person)
fōmentābunt (active future indicative plural third-person)
fōmentāvī (active first-person indicative perfect singular)
fōmentāvistī (active indicative perfect second-person singular)
fōmentāvit (active indicative perfect singular third-person)
fōmentāvimus (active first-person indicative perfect plural)
fōmentāvistis (active indicative perfect plural second-person)
fōmentāvērunt (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
fōmentāvēre (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
fōmentāveram (active first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
fōmentāverās (active indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
fōmentāverat (active indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
fōmentāverāmus (active first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
fōmentāverātis (active indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
fōmentāverant (active indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
fōmentāverō (active first-person future indicative perfect singular)
fōmentāveris (active future indicative perfect second-person singular)
fōmentāverit (active future indicative perfect singular third-person)
fōmentāverimus (active first-person future indicative perfect plural)
fōmentāveritis (active future indicative perfect plural second-person)
fōmentāverint (active future indicative perfect plural third-person)
fōmentor (first-person indicative passive present singular)
fōmentāris (indicative passive present second-person singular)
fōmentāre (indicative passive present second-person singular)
fōmentātur (indicative passive present singular third-person)
fōmentāmur (first-person indicative passive plural present)
fōmentāminī (indicative passive plural present second-person)
fōmentantur (indicative passive plural present third-person)
fōmentābar (first-person imperfect indicative passive singular)
fōmentābāris (imperfect indicative passive second-person singular)
fōmentābāre (imperfect indicative passive second-person singular)
fōmentābātur (imperfect indicative passive singular third-person)
fōmentābāmur (first-person imperfect indicative passive plural)
fōmentābāminī (imperfect indicative passive plural second-person)
fōmentābantur (imperfect indicative passive plural third-person)
fōmentābor (first-person future indicative passive singular)
fōmentāberis (future indicative passive second-person singular)
fōmentābere (future indicative passive second-person singular)
fōmentābitur (future indicative passive singular third-person)
fōmentābimur (first-person future indicative passive plural)
fōmentābiminī (future indicative passive plural second-person)
fōmentābuntur (future indicative passive plural third-person)
fōmentem (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
fōmentēs (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
fōmentet (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
fōmentēmus (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
fōmentētis (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
fōmentent (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
fōmentārem (active first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
fōmentārēs (active imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
fōmentāret (active imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
fōmentārēmus (active first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
fōmentārētis (active imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
fōmentārent (active imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
fōmentāverim (active first-person perfect singular subjunctive)
fōmentāverīs (active perfect second-person singular subjunctive)
fōmentāverit (active perfect singular subjunctive third-person)
fōmentāverīmus (active first-person perfect plural subjunctive)
fōmentāverītis (active perfect plural second-person subjunctive)
fōmentāverint (active perfect plural subjunctive third-person)
fōmentāvissem (active first-person pluperfect singular subjunctive)
fōmentāvissēs (active pluperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
fōmentāvisset (active pluperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
fōmentāvissēmus (active first-person pluperfect plural subjunctive)
fōmentāvissētis (active pluperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
fōmentāvissent (active pluperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
fōmenter (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
fōmentēris (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
fōmentēre (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
fōmentētur (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
fōmentēmur (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
fōmentēminī (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
fōmententur (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
fōmentārer (first-person imperfect passive singular subjunctive)
fōmentārēris (imperfect passive second-person singular subjunctive)
fōmentārēre (imperfect passive second-person singular subjunctive)
fōmentārētur (imperfect passive singular subjunctive third-person)
fōmentārēmur (first-person imperfect passive plural subjunctive)
fōmentārēminī (imperfect passive plural second-person subjunctive)
fōmentārentur (imperfect passive plural subjunctive third-person)
fōmentā (active imperative present second-person singular)
fōmentāte (active imperative plural present second-person)
fōmentātō (active future imperative second-person singular)
fōmentātō (active future imperative singular third-person)
fōmentātōte (active future imperative plural second-person)
fōmentantō (active future imperative plural third-person)
fōmentāre (imperative passive present second-person singular)
fōmentāminī (imperative passive plural present second-person)
fōmentātor (future imperative passive second-person singular)
fōmentātor (future imperative passive singular third-person)
fōmentantor (future imperative passive plural third-person)
fōmentāre (active infinitive present)
fōmentāvisse (active infinitive perfect)
fōmentātūrum esse (active future infinitive)
fōmentārī (infinitive passive present)
fōmentātum esse (infinitive passive perfect)
fōmentātum īrī (future infinitive passive)
fōmentāns (active participle present)
fōmentātūrus (active future participle)
fōmentātus (participle passive perfect)
fōmentandus (future participle passive)
fōmentandī (genitive gerund noun-from-verb)
fōmentandō (dative gerund noun-from-verb)
fōmentandum (accusative gerund noun-from-verb)
fōmentandō (ablative gerund noun-from-verb)
fōmentātum (accusative noun-from-verb supine)
fōmentātū (ablative noun-from-verb supine)

From fōmentum (“poultice”) + -ō (denominative verb suffix).

af

(medicine) to foment; apply a (hot) poultice


lactes

la-noun

lactēs f pl (genitive lactium); third declension

lactēs (canonical feminine plural)
lactium (genitive)
lactēs (nominative plural)
lactium (genitive plural)
lactibus (dative plural)
lactēs (accusative plural)
lactīs (accusative plural)
lactibus (ablative plural)
lactēs (plural vocative)

Maybe from Proto-Indo-European *(s)leg-, *(s)leh₁g-, the same root of Latin langueō and laxus.

[ˈɫ̪äkt̪eːs̠]

(anatomy) The intestines, especially the smaller intestines


lacte

lacte n (genitive lactis); third declension

lactis (genitive)
lacte (nominative singular)
lactis (genitive singular)
lactī (dative singular)
lacte (accusative singular)
lacte (ablative singular)
lacte (singular vocative)

(archaic, Medieval Latin) Alternative form of lac (“milk”)


scia

scia f (genitive sciae); first declension

sciae (genitive)
scia (nominative singular)
sciae (nominative plural)
sciae (genitive singular)
sciārum (genitive plural)
sciae (dative singular)
sciīs (dative plural)
sciam (accusative singular)
sciās (accusative plural)
sciā (ablative singular)
sciīs (ablative plural)
scia (singular vocative)
sciae (plural vocative)


muto

mūtō m (genitive mūtōnis); third declension

mūtō (canonical masculine)
mūtōnis (genitive)
mūtō (nominative singular)
mūtōnēs (nominative plural)
mūtōnis (genitive singular)
mūtōnum (genitive plural)
mūtōnī (dative singular)
mūtōnibus (dative plural)
mūtōnem (accusative singular)
mūtōnēs (accusative plural)
mūtōne (ablative singular)
mūtōnibus (ablative plural)
mūtō (singular vocative)
mūtōnēs (plural vocative)

Compare Old Irish moth (“male organ”). Weiss 1996 proposes a derivation from a Proto-Indo-European *mewH- (“to be abundant, reproductively powerful”), with Ancient Greek μῡρῐ́ος (mūríos) as a cognate.

der

Huic si mūtōnis verbīs mala tanta videntī
dīceret haec animus ‘quid vīs tibi? numquid ego ā tē
magnō prognātum dēpōscō cōnsule cunnum

What if, in the words of his penis, his mind were to say to the man when he sees such troubles: 'What exactly do you want? Do I ever demand a cunt descended from a famous consul or veiled in a fancy gown when my passion grows hot?'

vēlātumque stolā, mea cum conferbuit īra?'


sumen

la-noun

sūmen n (genitive sūminis); third declension

sūmen (canonical neuter)
sūminis (genitive)
sūmen (nominative singular)
sūmina (nominative plural)
sūminis (genitive singular)
sūminum (genitive plural)
sūminī (dative singular)
sūminibus (dative plural)
sūmen (accusative singular)
sūmina (accusative plural)
sūmine (ablative singular)
sūminibus (ablative plural)
sūmen (singular vocative)
sūmina (plural vocative)


cochlear

cochlear n (genitive cochleāris); third declension

cochleāris (genitive)
cochlear (nominative singular)
cochleāria (nominative plural)
cochleāris (genitive singular)
cochleārium (genitive plural)
cochleārī (dative singular)
cochleāribus (dative plural)
cochlear (accusative singular)
cochleāria (accusative plural)
cochleārī (ablative singular)
cochleāribus (ablative plural)
cochlear (singular vocative)
cochleāria (plural vocative)

Italo-Romance:

Italian: cucchiaio

Neapolitan: cucchiaro

Sicilian: cucchiara

→ Maltese: kuċċarina

Padanian:

Emilian: cuciar, cuciär, cucièr

→ Piedmontese: cuciar

→ Franco-Provençal: cuchâr

Ligurian: cugiâ

Lombard: cugiar

Piedmontese:

Occidental: cujé, chier

Oriental: cugé

Romagnol: cucèra, cuceara, cucèr

Venetan: cuciàro

Northern Gallo-Romance:

Franco-Provençal: culyér, culyére

Norman: quillier, quillière

Old French: cuiller, cuilliere

French: cuiller, cuillère

Southern Gallo-Romance:

Aragonese: cullera, cullara, culler

Catalan: cullera

Occitan: culhièr, culhier

Auvergnat: culhèir, cuhlèira

Gascon: culhèr, culher, culhèra, culhera

Vivaro-Alpine: cuilher, cuilhera, culièra

Ibero-Romance:

Old Leonese:

Asturian: cuyar

Leonese: cuyar

Mirandese: colhar

Old Galician-Portuguese: cullar, collar

q

influenced by Old French <i class="Latn mention" lang="fro">cuiller</i>

Galician: collar, cullar; coller, culler (influenced by Old French cuiller)

Portuguese: colher (influenced by Old French cuiller)

Kabuverdianu: kudjer

Old Spanish:

Ladino: kuchara

Spanish: cuchara

Cebuano: kutsara

Hiligaynon: kutsara

Papiamentu: kuchara

Tagalog: kutsara

Borrowings:

Basque: koilara

Esperanto: kulero

Ido: kuliero

Interlingua: coclear

[ˈkɔkʰɫ̪eär]

cochlea (“snail”, “snail-shell”) + -ar (suffix forming neuter nouns).

af

(specifically, in medicine and pharmacy) a spoonful (a measurement of dose, equal to half a cheme or ¹⁄₁₄₄ of a cotyla)


coryza

la-noun

corȳza f (genitive corȳzae); first declension

corȳza (canonical feminine)
corȳzae (genitive)
corȳza (nominative singular)
corȳzae (nominative plural)
corȳzae (genitive singular)
corȳzārum (genitive plural)
corȳzae (dative singular)
corȳzīs (dative plural)
corȳzam (accusative singular)
corȳzās (accusative plural)
corȳzā (ablative singular)
corȳzīs (ablative plural)
corȳza (singular vocative)
corȳzae (plural vocative)

[kɔˈryːz̪d̪͡z̪ä]

Borrowed from Ancient Greek κόρυζα (kóruza).


auricula

auricula f (genitive auriculae); first declension

auriculae (genitive)
auricula (nominative singular)
auriculae (nominative plural)
auriculae (genitive singular)
auriculārum (genitive plural)
auriculae (dative singular)
auriculīs (dative plural)
auriculam (accusative singular)
auriculās (accusative plural)
auriculā (ablative singular)
auriculīs (ablative plural)
auricula (singular vocative)
auriculae (plural vocative)

Italo-Romance:

Neapolitan: aurecchia

Old Italian: urecchio (possibly)

Sicilian: auricchia, aricchia, aricchiu

North Italian:

Lombard: auregia

Piedmontese: aurija, auria

Gallo-Romance:

Franco-Provençal: orelye

Gascon: aulhera, alhera

Occitan: aurelha (all dialects)

Vivaro-Alpine: aurilha

Ibero-Romance:

Galician: ourella

Leonese: oureya

Mirandese: oureilha

Portuguese: ourelha (regional)

Borrowings:

→ Catalan: aurícula

→ English: auricle, auricula

→ French: auricule

→ Galician: aurícula

→ Italian: auricola

→ Portuguese: aurícula

→ Romanian: auriculă

→ Spanish: aurícula

Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: ureaclji

Megleno-Romanian: ureacľă

Istro-Romanian: urecľe, uręklja

Romanian: ureche

Dalmatian:

oracla

Italo-Romance:

Italian: orecchia

Judeo-Italian: רֵיקֵילַה (rechela)

Neapolitan: recchia

desc

Sicilian: ricchi, oricchia, ricchia, gricchia

Insular Romance:

Sardinian: olicra, oricia, oricla, oricra, ulicra

North Italian:

Gallo-Italic:

Emilian: uraccia

Ligurian: oêgia

Lombard: uregia, oreggia

Piedmontese: orija, oria

Friulian: orele, vorele

Ladin: orëdla

Romansch: ureglia, uraglia (Puter, Vallader)

Venetan: récia, orécia

Gallo-Romance:

Catalan: orella

Franco-Provençal: orelye

Old French: oreille (see there for further descendants)

Ibero-Romance:

Aragonese: orella

→? Gascon: orelha

Asturian: oreya

desctree

Old Galician-Portuguese: orelha, orella
Galician: orella
Portuguese: orelha (see there for further descendants)

Old Spanish: [Term?]

Ladino: oreja

Spanish: oreja

[äu̯ˈrɪkʊɫ̪ä]

From auris (“ear”) + -cula (diminutive suffix).

af

Tu, quemadmodum me censes oportere esse et in re publica et in nostris inimicitiis, ita et esse et fore auricula infima scito molliorem.

54 B.C.E., Marcus Tullius Cicero, Epistulae ad Quintum Fratrem:

Whatever line you think I ought to take in politics and in treating my opponents, be sure I shall take, and shall be "gentler than any ear-lap.

diminutive of auris:
(anatomy) external ear, earlap

diminutive of auris:
external ear, earlap


iter

la-noun

iter n (genitive itineris); third declension

itineris (genitive)
iter (nominative singular)
itinera (nominative plural)
itineris (genitive singular)
itinerum (genitive plural)
itinerī (dative singular)
itineribus (dative plural)
iter (accusative singular)
itinera (accusative plural)
itinere (ablative singular)
itineribus (ablative plural)
iter (singular vocative)
itinera (plural vocative)

Old French: erre, eirre, oirre

French: erre

→ English: iter

→ Italian: iter

From Proto-Italic *eitər, *eitor, conflation of an r/n-stem (where both stems are conflated, thus gen. itineris from inherited *itinis and analogical *iteris; compare iecur and femur), from Proto-Indo-European reconstructed as *h₁éy-tr̥ ~ *h₁i-tén-, from *h₁ey- (whence eō).
Cognate with Tocharian A ytārye (“path, road”), Avestan 𐬌𐬚𐬥𐬀 (iθna) in 𐬞𐬀𐬌𐬭𐬌-𐬌𐬚𐬥𐬀- (paⁱri-iθna-, “(end of) lifetime”).


capillus

capillus m (genitive capillī); second declension

capillī (genitive)
capillus (nominative singular)
capillī (nominative plural)
capillī (genitive singular)
capillōrum (genitive plural)
capillō (dative singular)
capillīs (dative plural)
capillum (accusative singular)
capillōs (accusative plural)
capillō (ablative singular)
capillīs (ablative plural)
capille (singular vocative)
capillī (plural vocative)

Catalan: cabell

Dalmatian: capei

Franco-Provençal: chevél

desctree

Old French: cheveu, chavel, chevel, cavel, caveu, caviau, cavieu, kavel (Northern)
Bourguignon: cheveu
Middle French: cheveu
French: cheveu
Lorrain: tchavou
Norman: g'veu, queveu
Picard: caviau (Artois), cavieu (Picardy)
Walloon: tchvea

Friulian: cjaveli, čhavêl

Galician: cabelo

Gallo-Italic:

Romagnol: cavèl (Ravenna)

→ Gothic: 𐌺𐌰𐍀𐌹𐌻𐌻𐍉𐌽 (kapillōn) ( < *capillāre)

Italian: capello

Neapolitan: capillo

Occitan: cabel

Portuguese: cabelo

Romansch: chavel, tgavel

Sicilian: capiḍḍu

Spanish: cabello

Venetan: cavel

[käˈpɪlːʲʊs̠]

Apparently some diminutive form from the root of caput (“head”). May be cognate with Persian کوپله (kuple, “hair of head”) or Persian کوبله (kôbale).

odōrātīs humerōs perfūsa capillīs

with perfumed tresses overflowing her shoulders


vola

la-noun

vola f (genitive volae); first declension

volae (genitive)
vola (nominative singular)
volae (nominative plural)
volae (genitive singular)
volārum (genitive plural)
volae (dative singular)
volīs (dative plural)
volam (accusative singular)
volās (accusative plural)
volā (ablative singular)
volīs (ablative plural)
vola (singular vocative)
volae (plural vocative)

Perhaps from Proto-Italic *welā, from Proto-Indo-European *welH-os (“round”) (whence also Old Norse valr (“round”)), from *welH- (“to turn”).

(anatomy) The palm of the hand or the sole of the foot; a volar surface.


crinis

crīnis m (genitive crīnis); third declension

crīnis (canonical masculine)
crīnis (genitive)
crīnis (nominative singular)
crīnēs (nominative plural)
crīnis (genitive singular)
crīnium (genitive plural)
crīnī (dative singular)
crīnibus (dative plural)
crīnem (accusative singular)
crīnēs (accusative plural)
crīnīs (accusative plural)
crīne (ablative singular)
crīnibus (ablative plural)
crīnis (singular vocative)
crīnēs (plural vocative)

Asturian: clin, clina

Catalan: crin

French: crin

Galician: crina; ⇒ crecha ( < *crinicula)

Italian: crine

Norman: crîn

Portuguese: crina

Spanish: crin

From Proto-Italic *kriznis, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to turn, bend”). Cognate with Latin crista, crispus (“curly”) and Albanian krip.

der

Nōndum illī flāvum Prōserpina vertice crīnem

29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 4.698-699

Proserpina had not yet taken that lock of blonde hair from [Dido’s] head, [nor] condemned [the queen’s] life to Stygian Orcus.
(Frieze, Henry [1876], Virgil’s Aeneid, 2nd ed., pg 463: “A lock of hair is cut from the forehead of the dying as a sign of dedication to the gods below.”)

abstulerat, Stygiōque caput damnāverat Orcō.


diverticulum

la-noun

dīverticulum n (genitive dīverticulī); second declension

dīverticulum (canonical neuter)
dīverticulī (genitive)
dīverticulum (nominative singular)
dīverticula (nominative plural)
dīverticulī (genitive singular)
dīverticulōrum (genitive plural)
dīverticulō (dative singular)
dīverticulīs (dative plural)
dīverticulum (accusative singular)
dīverticula (accusative plural)
dīverticulō (ablative singular)
dīverticulīs (ablative plural)
dīverticulum (singular vocative)
dīverticula (plural vocative)

[d̪iːu̯ɛrˈt̪ɪkʊɫ̪ʊ̃ˑ]

From dēvertō (“to turn away”) + -i- + -culum (suffix for instrumental and diminutive nouns).

af

1829, University of Groningen, Annales Academiae groninganae, Commentatio de diverticulus intestinorum, page 69

Baillie provided an example of a diverticulum connected with defects extended by an abnormal formative impulse. To that point naturally it is found in a foetus, to whom an inverted position of all the internal organs of the abdomen and thorax is present, together with a separation of the spleen into five lobes, as is usual in cetaceans.

Baillie exemplum praebuit diverticuli coniuncti cum vitiis a niſu formativo abnormi productis: illuc ſc. invenit in foetu, cui aderat omnium thoracis et abdominis viscerum ſitus inverſus, una cum partitione lienis in quinque lobos, uti in Cetaceis ſolet.

(anatomy, New Latin, exclusively as diverticulum) A small growth off an organ of a body; diverticulum.


cyathus

la-noun

cyathus m (genitive cyathī); second declension

cyathī (genitive)
cyathus (nominative singular)
cyathī (nominative plural)
cyathī (genitive singular)
cyathōrum (genitive plural)
cyathō (dative singular)
cyathīs (dative plural)
cyathum (accusative singular)
cyathōs (accusative plural)
cyathō (ablative singular)
cyathīs (ablative plural)
cyathe (singular vocative)
cyathī (plural vocative)

English: cyathus

[ˈkyät̪ʰʊs̠]

From Ancient Greek κύαθος (kúathos, “ladle”).

kyathos, a small wine ladle and serving beaker in ancient Greece and Rome


nestis

nēstis f (genitive nēstidis); third declension

nēstis (canonical feminine)
nēstidis (genitive)
nēstis (nominative singular)
nēstidēs (nominative plural)
nēstidis (genitive singular)
nēstidum (genitive plural)
nēstidī (dative singular)
nēstidibus (dative plural)
nēstidem (accusative singular)
nēstidēs (accusative plural)
nēstide (ablative singular)
nēstidibus (ablative plural)
nēstis (singular vocative)
nēstidēs (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek νῆστις (nêstis, “fasting”), from Proto-Indo-European *n̥-h₁ed-tis. Compare iēiūnum.

bor

(anatomy) jejunum, the second part of the small intestine