agnina

la-noun

agnīna f (genitive agnīnae); first declension

agnīna (canonical feminine)
agnīnae (genitive)
agnīna (nominative singular)
agnīnae (nominative plural)
agnīnae (genitive singular)
agnīnārum (genitive plural)
agnīnae (dative singular)
agnīnīs (dative plural)
agnīnam (accusative singular)
agnīnās (accusative plural)
agnīnā (ablative singular)
agnīnīs (ablative plural)
agnīna (singular vocative)
agnīnae (plural vocative)

Substantive from agnīnus (“of or pertaining to a lamb”)

The meat or flesh of a lamb (as eaten), lamb.


botulus

botulus m (genitive botulī); second declension

botulī (genitive)
botulus (nominative singular)
botulī (nominative plural)
botulī (genitive singular)
botulōrum (genitive plural)
botulō (dative singular)
botulīs (dative plural)
botulum (accusative singular)
botulōs (accusative plural)
botulō (ablative singular)
botulīs (ablative plural)
botule (singular vocative)
botulī (plural vocative)

Catalan: bull

⇒ German: Botulin

→ English: botulin

Italian: botulino

desctree

⇒ German: Botulismus
→ Catalan: botulisme
→ English: botulism
→ French: botulisme
→ Italian: botulismo
→ Spanish: botulismo

[ˈbɔt̪ʊɫ̪ʊs̠]

Possibly ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gʷet- (“swelling”), borrowed through a Osco-Umbrian language; compare Proto-Germanic *kweþuz (“belly, womb”) and German Kuttel (“chitterlings”), Latin beccus.


chorda

la-noun

chorda f (genitive chordae); first declension

chordae (genitive)
chorda (nominative singular)
chordae (nominative plural)
chordae (genitive singular)
chordārum (genitive plural)
chordae (dative singular)
chordīs (dative plural)
chordam (accusative singular)
chordās (accusative plural)
chordā (ablative singular)
chordīs (ablative plural)
chorda (singular vocative)
chordae (plural vocative)

Insular Romance:

Sardinian: codra, corda, colda

Eastern Romance:

Aromanian: coardã

Romanian: coardă

Italo-Dalmatian:

Istriot: curda

Italian: corda

Sicilian: corda, codda

Venetan: corda

Rhaeto-Romance:

Friulian: cuarde

Romansch: corda

Gallo-Romance:

Old Occitan: corda

Catalan: corda

Occitan: còrda

Ibero-Romance:

Aragonese: cuerda

Asturian: cuerda

Old Galician-Portuguese: corda

Fala: corda

Galician: corda

Portuguese: corda

Spanish: cuerda

Borrowings:

→ Albanian: kordhë

→ Byzantine Greek: κόρδα (kórda)

Greek: κόρδα (kórda)

→ Dutch: koorde

→ Old French: corde (see there for further descendants)

⇒ English: chorda tympani

Borrowed from Ancient Greek χορδή (khordḗ, “guts, tripe”).


faliscus

la-adj

faliscus (feminine falisca, neuter faliscum); first/second-declension adjective

falisca (feminine)
faliscum (neuter)
faliscus (masculine nominative singular)
falisca (feminine nominative singular)
faliscum (neuter nominative singular)
faliscī (masculine nominative singular)
faliscae (feminine nominative plural)
falisca (neuter nominative plural)
faliscī (genitive masculine singular)
faliscae (feminine genitive singular)
faliscī (genitive neuter singular)
faliscōrum (genitive masculine singular)
faliscārum (feminine genitive plural)
faliscōrum (genitive neuter plural)
faliscō (dative masculine singular)
faliscae (dative feminine singular)
faliscō (dative neuter singular)
faliscīs (dative feminine masculine neuter)
faliscum (accusative masculine singular)
faliscam (accusative feminine singular)
faliscum (accusative neuter singular)
faliscōs (accusative masculine singular)
faliscās (accusative feminine plural)
falisca (accusative neuter plural)
faliscō (ablative masculine singular)
faliscā (ablative feminine singular)
faliscō (ablative neuter singular)
faliscīs (ablative feminine masculine neuter)
falisce (masculine singular vocative)
falisca (feminine singular vocative)
faliscum (neuter singular vocative)
faliscī (masculine singular vocative)
faliscae (feminine plural vocative)
falisca (neuter plural vocative)

[fäˈlʲɪs̠kʊs̠]


farcimen

la-noun

farcīmen n (genitive farcīminis); third declension

farcīmen (canonical neuter)
farcīminis (genitive)
farcīmen (nominative singular)
farcīmina (nominative plural)
farcīminis (genitive singular)
farcīminum (genitive plural)
farcīminī (dative singular)
farcīminibus (dative plural)
farcīmen (accusative singular)
farcīmina (accusative plural)
farcīmine (ablative singular)
farcīminibus (ablative plural)
farcīmen (singular vocative)
farcīmina (plural vocative)

From farciō (“I cram”) + -men (noun-forming suffix).


tomaclum

la-noun

tomāclum n (genitive tomāclī); second declension

tomāclum (canonical neuter)
tomāclī (genitive)
tomāclum (nominative singular)
tomācla (nominative plural)
tomāclī (genitive singular)
tomāclōrum (genitive plural)
tomāclō (dative singular)
tomāclīs (dative plural)
tomāclum (accusative singular)
tomācla (accusative plural)
tomāclō (ablative singular)
tomāclīs (ablative plural)
tomāclum (singular vocative)
tomācla (plural vocative)

A syncopated form of tomāculum. Syncope of unstressed u was not uncommon in Latin.

[…]: perinde quasi tomaclum quoddam ex illis, aut farcimen efficere cogitasset.

1980, in Allegorica (University of Texas), volume 4, issues 1-2, page 264

(please add an English translation of this quotation)

Alternative form of tomāculum (“a sausage of mixed meats and spices”)


myrtatum

myrtātum n (genitive myrtātī); second declension

myrtātum (canonical neuter)
myrtātī (genitive)
myrtātum (nominative singular)
myrtāta (nominative plural)
myrtātī (genitive singular)
myrtātōrum (genitive plural)
myrtātō (dative singular)
myrtātīs (dative plural)
myrtātum (accusative singular)
myrtāta (accusative plural)
myrtātō (ablative singular)
myrtātīs (ablative plural)
myrtātum (singular vocative)
myrtāta (plural vocative)

[mʏrˈt̪äːt̪ʊ̃ˑ]

Derived from myrtus, from Ancient Greek μύρτος (múrtos, “myrtle”) of Semitic origin.


tuccetum

tuccētum n (genitive tuccētī); second declension

tuccētum (canonical neuter)
tuccētī (genitive)
tuccētum (nominative singular)
tuccēta (nominative plural)
tuccētī (genitive singular)
tuccētōrum (genitive plural)
tuccētō (dative singular)
tuccētīs (dative plural)
tuccētum (accusative singular)
tuccēta (accusative plural)
tuccētō (ablative singular)
tuccētīs (ablative plural)
tuccētum (singular vocative)
tuccēta (plural vocative)

Medieval Latin: tuccinum

→ Portuguese: toucinho

→ Galician: touciño

→ Spanish: tocino

→ Cebuano: tosino

[ˈt̪ʊkːɛt̪ʊ̃ˑ]

From tucca (“liquid lard”), a word said to be of Celtic origin, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *tewh₂- (“to swell”).


hillae

la-noun

hīllae f pl (genitive hīllārum); first declension

hīllae (canonical feminine plural)
hīllārum (genitive)
hīllae (nominative plural)
hīllārum (genitive plural)
hīllīs (dative plural)
hīllās (accusative plural)
hīllīs (ablative plural)
hīllae (plural vocative)

[ˈhiːlːʲäe̯]


silicernium

silicernium n (genitive silicerniī or silicernī); second declension

silicerniī (genitive)
silicernī (genitive)
silicernium (nominative singular)
silicernia (nominative plural)
silicerniī (genitive singular)
silicernī (genitive singular)
silicerniōrum (genitive plural)
silicerniō (dative singular)
silicerniīs (dative plural)
silicernium (accusative singular)
silicernia (accusative plural)
silicerniō (ablative singular)
silicerniīs (ablative plural)
silicernium (singular vocative)
silicernia (plural vocative)

[s̠ɪlʲɪˈkɛrniʊ̃ˑ]


lucanica

lūcānica f (genitive lūcānicae); first declension

lūcānica (canonical feminine)
lūcānicae (genitive)
lūcānica (nominative singular)
lūcānicae (nominative plural)
lūcānicae (genitive singular)
lūcānicārum (genitive plural)
lūcānicae (dative singular)
lūcānicīs (dative plural)
lūcānicam (accusative singular)
lūcānicās (accusative plural)
lūcānicā (ablative singular)
lūcānicīs (ablative plural)
lūcānica (singular vocative)
lūcānicae (plural vocative)

→ Basque: lukainka

desc

→ Byzantine Greek: λουκάνικον (loukánikon) (see there for further descendants)

Italian: lucanica

Venetan: luganega, ługànega, luganiga

→ Italian: luganega, luganiga

Vulgar Latin: *lūcānīcia

Catalan: llonganissa, llangonissa

desctree

Old Galician-Portuguese: *longueĩça
Galician: longaínza
Portuguese: linguiça
→ English: linguica

Old Spanish: longaniza
Spanish: longaniza
→ Cebuano: longganisa
→ English: longaniza
→ Tagalog: longganisa

[ɫ̪uːˈkäːnɪkä]

Feminine form of lūcānicus (“Lucanian”).

Sed Bruti senis oscitationes de capsa miseri libellionis emptum plus minus asse Gaiano, donas. […] non lucanica, non graves falisci, non sal oxyporumve caseusve?

c. 45 CE – 96 CE, Statius, Silvae 4.9.20–36

But no, you send me Brutus’ boring stuff, bought for about a Caligulan as from a poor bookseller’s bag. […] Wasn’t there Lucanian boloney, no heavy Faliscian sujuks, no salt, carminative, or cheese?

a kind of sausage, Lucanian sausage, lucanica


fundulus

la-noun

fundulus m (genitive fundulī); second declension

fundulī (genitive)
fundulus (nominative singular)
fundulī (nominative plural)
fundulī (genitive singular)
fundulōrum (genitive plural)
fundulō (dative singular)
fundulīs (dative plural)
fundulum (accusative singular)
fundulōs (accusative plural)
fundulō (ablative singular)
fundulīs (ablative plural)
fundule (singular vocative)
fundulī (plural vocative)

Translingual: Fundulus

[ˈfʊn̪d̪ʊɫ̪ʊs̠]


baconalis

la-adj

bacōnālis (neuter bacōnāle); third-declension two-termination adjective

bacōnālis (canonical)
bacōnāle (neuter)
bacōnālis (feminine masculine nominative singular)
bacōnāle (neuter nominative singular)
bacōnālēs (feminine masculine nominative singular)
bacōnālia (neuter nominative plural)
bacōnālis (feminine genitive masculine neuter singular)
bacōnālium (feminine genitive masculine neuter)
bacōnālī (dative feminine masculine neuter singular)
bacōnālibus (dative feminine masculine neuter)
bacōnālem (accusative feminine masculine singular)
bacōnāle (accusative neuter singular)
bacōnālēs (accusative feminine masculine singular)
bacōnālīs (accusative feminine masculine singular)
bacōnālia (accusative neuter plural)
bacōnālī (ablative feminine masculine neuter singular)
bacōnālibus (ablative feminine masculine neuter)
bacōnālis (feminine masculine singular vocative)
bacōnāle (neuter singular vocative)
bacōnālēs (feminine masculine singular vocative)
bacōnālia (neuter plural vocative)

Minutum autem censum, scilicet, […] porcos baconales […] sicut ab antiquo statutum est, terminis suis persoluent.

1190, Hugh, abbot of St Peter's, Ghent, edited by Auguste Van Lokeren, Chartes et documents de l'abbaye de Saint Pierre au Mont Blandin à Gand […] , published 1868, page 200:

However, they will pay the petty tribute, namely, […] pigs for bacon […] , to their districts, as has been determined from of old.


caldumen

la-noun

caldūmen n (genitive caldūminis); third declension

caldūmen (canonical neuter)
caldūminis (genitive)
caldūmen (nominative singular)
caldūmina (nominative plural)
caldūminis (genitive singular)
caldūminum (genitive plural)
caldūminī (dative singular)
caldūminibus (dative plural)
caldūmen (accusative singular)
caldūmina (accusative plural)
caldūmine (ablative singular)
caldūminibus (ablative plural)
caldūmen (singular vocative)
caldūmina (plural vocative)

Italo-Romance:

Italian: caldume

desc

Sicilian: caudumi, cuadumi, cuarumi, quarumi

North Italian:

Emilian: caldôm

Old Venetan: caldume

Gallo-Romance:

Old French: chaudun, caldun, caudun (Northern) (see there for further descendants)

Occitano-Romance:

desctree

< <i class="Latn mention" lang="la">*excaldūmen</i>

⇒ Catalan: escaldum (< *excaldūmen)

→ Spanish: escaldón (Canarian)

Borrowings:

→ Albanian: gardump

→ Greek: γαρδούμπα (gardoúmpa)

desc

→? Byzantine Greek: γαρδούμιον (gardoúmion)

Greek: γαρδούμι (gardoúmi), γαρδούμια (gardoúmia)

possibly for <i class="Hebr mention" lang="he">גִּרדּוּמֵי</i>

→? Mishnaic Hebrew: גִּדּוּמֵי (possibly for גִּרדּוּמֵי)

[käɫ̪ˈd̪uːmɛn]

From caldus (“warm”) + -men (abstract nominal suffix).

af

Walther von Wartburg
w:Walther von Wartburg

(Medieval Latin) animal intestines, entrails


tomaculum

la-noun

tomāculum n (genitive tomāculī); second declension

tomāculum (canonical neuter)
tomāculī (genitive)
tomāculum (nominative singular)
tomācula (nominative plural)
tomāculī (genitive singular)
tomāculōrum (genitive plural)
tomāculō (dative singular)
tomāculīs (dative plural)
tomāculum (accusative singular)
tomācula (accusative plural)
tomāculō (ablative singular)
tomāculīs (ablative plural)
tomāculum (singular vocative)
tomācula (plural vocative)

[t̪ɔˈmäːkʊɫ̪ʊ̃ˑ]

Uncertain; probably derived in some way from Greek.
Lewis and Short refer it to Greek Ancient Greek τομή (tomḗ, “cutting, incision, insection”), in which case the ending is presumably the instrument noun suffix -culum.
The manuscripts of Petronius and Juvenal show a variety of other spellings, including thumatula, tumatula and thymatula; C. Pellegrino, taking this family of spellings as the true reading, argued that the cited passages actually contain a diminutive derived from Greek θῡ́μᾰτᾰ (thū́mătă) (the plural of θῦμᾰ (thûmă, “sacrificial animal”). However, it is difficult to get from the long vowel in Greek θῦμᾰ (thûmă) to the short y̆/ŭ or ŏ attested by the scansion in Latin verse and required by Romance descendants that go back to a form *tomacella.
Bodel also considers these spellings to represent the original form, but favors an alternative etymology proposed by Watkins from Greek θύμον (thúmon, “thyme”). In Latin, thymum + -ātus would yield an adjective *thumātus (“made with thyme”), which would form a diminutive in the neuter as *thumātum + -ulus > thumātulum (“sausage seasoned with thyme”). Compare myrtum (“myrtle berry”) + -ātus > myrtātum, murtātum (“sausage seasoned with myrtle berries”), possibly the source of Italian mortadella.
Per Bodel, the form tomācinae in Varro Res Rusticae 2.4.10, sometimes cited as an alternative derivation from the same base, is unrelated and should be emended to Comacinae.

unc

Uncertain

bor

Fuerunt et tomacula ferventia supra craticulam argenteam posita, et infra craticulam Syriaca pruna cum granis Punici mali.

c. 27 CE – 66 CE, Petronius, Satyricon 31.11

There were sizzling tomacula located on a silver grill, and under the grill damsons with pomegranate seeds.

Recepta cocus tunica cultrum arripuit porcique ventrem hinc atque illinc timida manu secuit. Nec mora, ex plagis ponderis inclinatione crescentibus tomacula cum botulis effusa sunt.

c. 27 CE – 66 CE, Petronius, Satyricon 49.10

Putting on a tunic, the cook seized a knife and cut the pig's belly here and there with a fearful hand. At once, out of the gashes that were widenening from the weight, tomacula with botuli rushed out.

U͞t tămĕn e͞t po͞scās ălĭqui͞d vŏvĕāsquĕ săce͞llīs
e͞xta e͞t ca͞ndĭdŭlī dīvīnă tŏmācŭlă po͞rcī,

c. 100 CE – c. 130 CE, Juvenal, Satires 10.355, (dactylic hexameter)

Yet also if you request something and dedicate at shrines
the entrails and sacrificial tomacula of a shining white piglet,
your prayer should be for a healthy mind in a healthy body.

ōra͞ndum e͞st u͞t si͞t mēns sāna i͞n co͞rpŏrĕ sānō.

quo͞d fūma͞ntĭă quī tŏmāclă ra͞ucu͞s

86 CE – 103 CE, Martial, Epigrammata 1.41.9, (Phalacean hendecasyllable)

...hoarse cook who carries around smoking tomacla at tepid eating-houses