calculator

la-noun

calculātor m (genitive calculātōris, feminine calculātrīx); third declension

calculātor (canonical masculine)
calculātōris (genitive)
calculātrīx (feminine)
calculātor (nominative singular)
calculātōrēs (nominative plural)
calculātōris (genitive singular)
calculātōrum (genitive plural)
calculātōrī (dative singular)
calculātōribus (dative plural)
calculātōrem (accusative singular)
calculātōrēs (accusative plural)
calculātōre (ablative singular)
calculātōribus (ablative plural)
calculātor (singular vocative)
calculātōrēs (plural vocative)

[käɫ̪kʊˈɫ̪äːt̪ɔr]


minister

minister m (genitive ministrī, feminine ministra or ministrīx); second declension

ministrī (genitive)
ministra (feminine)
ministrīx (feminine)
minister (nominative singular)
ministrī (nominative plural)
ministrī (genitive singular)
ministrōrum (genitive plural)
ministrō (dative singular)
ministrīs (dative plural)
ministrum (accusative singular)
ministrōs (accusative plural)
ministrō (ablative singular)
ministrīs (ablative plural)
minister (singular vocative)
ministrī (plural vocative)

Catalan: ministre

desctree

→ Danish: minister
→ Greenlandic: ministeri

→ Galician: ministro

German: Minister

Hungarian: miniszter

Italian: ministro

Occitan: ministre

→ Old French: ministre

French: ministre

Middle English: ministre

English: minister

→ Old Polish: minister (learned)
Polish: minister
Silesian: minister

→ Portuguese: ministro

Romanian: ministru

Russian: мини́стр (minístr)

Serbo-Croatian: ministar

Sicilian: ministru

Spanish: ministro

From Proto-Italic *minosteros. Equivalent to minus + comparative suffix *-teros. Compare magister.


regina

la-noun

rēgīna f (genitive rēgīnae, masculine rēx); first declension

rēgīna (canonical feminine)
rēgīnae (genitive)
rēx (masculine)
rēgīna (nominative singular)
rēgīnae (nominative plural)
rēgīnae (genitive singular)
rēgīnārum (genitive plural)
rēgīnae (dative singular)
rēgīnīs (dative plural)
rēgīnam (accusative singular)
rēgīnās (accusative plural)
rēgīnā (ablative singular)
rēgīnīs (ablative plural)
rēgīna (singular vocative)
rēgīnae (plural vocative)

Asturian: reina

Franco-Provençal: rêna

Friulian: reìne

Italian: regina

Maltese: reġina

Neapolitan: riggina

desctree

Old French: royne
French: reine
Norman: royne, ranne, reine
Walloon: royinne
→ Old East Slavic: ръ́ина (rŭ́ina)

Old Galician-Portuguese: reinha, reỹa, reynna, reýña, reyña, rreýña, rreyña, rainha, raynna, raỹa, rayña
Galician: raíña
Portuguese: rainha

Old Occitan: reina
Occitan: reina

Old Spanish: reyna
Spanish: reina (see there for further descendants)

Romansch: regina, rigegna, raïna

Sardinian: reina, arreina

desc

Sicilian: rijina (obsolete), riggina (influenced by Italian)

Venetan: rexina

Walloon: royinne

→ Basque: erregina

→ English: Regina, regina

→ Interlingua: regina

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: regina

→ Romanian: regină

→ Translingual: Regina

Inherited from Proto-Italic *rēgīnā, see there for more. A feminine counterpart to rēx, rēgis (“king”).


conductor

la-noun

conductor m (genitive conductōris, feminine conductrīx); third declension

conductōris (genitive)
conductrīx (feminine)
conductor (nominative singular)
conductōrēs (nominative plural)
conductōris (genitive singular)
conductōrum (genitive plural)
conductōrī (dative singular)
conductōribus (dative plural)
conductōrem (accusative singular)
conductōrēs (accusative plural)
conductōre (ablative singular)
conductōribus (ablative plural)
conductor (singular vocative)
conductōrēs (plural vocative)

Catalan: conductor

English: conductor

French: conducteur

Galician: conductor

Old French: conduitor

Portuguese: condutor

Romanian: conducător, conductor

Russian: конду́ктор (kondúktor)

Spanish: conductor


actor

āctor m (genitive āctōris, feminine āctrīx); third declension

āctor (canonical masculine)
āctōris (genitive)
āctrīx (feminine)
āctor (nominative singular)
āctōrēs (nominative plural)
āctōris (genitive singular)
āctōrum (genitive plural)
āctōrī (dative singular)
āctōribus (dative plural)
āctōrem (accusative singular)
āctōrēs (accusative plural)
āctōre (ablative singular)
āctōribus (ablative plural)
āctor (singular vocative)
āctōrēs (plural vocative)

→ Asturian: actor

→ Catalan: actor

→ Middle English: actour

English: actor

→ Scottish Gaelic: actair

→ Welsh: actor

→ Italian: attore

→ Middle French: acteur

desctree

→ Dutch: acteur
Afrikaans: akteur
→ Indonesian: aktor

French: acteur

→ Norman: acteur

→ Norwegian Bokmål: aktør

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: aktør

→ Russian: актёр (aktjór), актёръ (aktjór) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)
→ Azerbaijani: aktyor
→ Bashkir: актёр (aktyor)
→ Tajik: актёр (aktyor)
→ Uzbek: aktyor
→ Yiddish: אַקטיאָר (aktyor)

→ Swedish: aktör

→ Turkish: aktör

→ Occitan: actor

→ Old Galician-Portuguese: abtor, autor, outor (semi-learned)
Galician: actor
Portuguese: ator

→ Persian: بازیگر

→ Polish: aktor

→ Romanian: actor

→ Spanish: actor

Agent noun formed from āctus + -tor, perfect passive participle of agō (“do, act, make”).

(law) prosecutor, plaintiff, advocate, orator


doctor

la-noun

doctor m (genitive doctōris, feminine doctrīx or doctorissa); third declension

doctōris (genitive)
doctrīx (feminine)
doctorissa (feminine)
doctor (nominative singular)
doctōrēs (nominative plural)
doctōris (genitive singular)
doctōrum (genitive plural)
doctōrī (dative singular)
doctōribus (dative plural)
doctōrem (accusative singular)
doctōrēs (accusative plural)
doctōre (ablative singular)
doctōribus (ablative plural)
doctor (singular vocative)
doctōrēs (plural vocative)

Emilian: dutåur

Friulian: dotôr

Italo-Dalmatian

Dalmatian: dotuar

Italian: dottore

Sicilian: dutturi

→ Maltese: dottor

Old Galician-Portuguese: doutor

Galician: doutor

Portuguese: doutor

Sardinian: duttore, datori

Venetan: dotor
→ Cimbrian: dotóar

Borrowed terms

→ Albanian: doktor

→ Arabic: دُكْتُور (doktōr, duktūr)

Egyptian Arabic: دُكْتُور (duktūr)

Hijazi Arabic: دُكْتور (duktōr)

→ Armenian: դոկտոր (doktor)

→ Asturian: doctor

→ Belarusian: доктар (dóktar)

→ Bulgarian: доктор (doktor)

→ Catalan: doctor

→ Central Kurdish: دکتۆر (diktor)

→ Czech: doktor

→ Danish: doktor

→ Estonian: doktor

→ Faroese: doktari

→ Georgian: დოქტორი (dokṭori)

desctree

→ German: Doktor, Doctor (obsolete), Dr. (abbreviation)
→ Romanian: doctor

→ German Low German: Dokter

→ Hungarian: doktor

→ Icelandic: doktor

→ Indonesian: doktor

→ Irish: dochtúir

→ Luxembourgish: Dokter

→ Middle Dutch: doctor

Dutch: doctor
Afrikaans: doktor
→ Indonesian: doktor

Dutch: dokter
Afrikaans: dokter
Jersey Dutch: dâktor
Negerhollands: doktu, dokter
→ Caribbean Hindustani: dáktar
→ Caribbean Javanese: dhokter
→ Indonesian: dokter
→ Balinese: ᬤᭀᬓ᭄ᬢᭂᬃ (dokter)
→ Javanese: ꦝꦺꦴꦏ꧀ꦠꦼꦂ (dhokter)
→ Minangkabau: doto, dotor
→ Nias: doto
→ Sundanese: ᮓᮧᮊ᮪ᮒᮨᮁ (dokter)
→ Ternate: dokter
→ Papiamentu: dòkter, dòchter, dòktu, dokter
→ Sranan Tongo: datra
→ Aukan: dataa
→ Kari'na: datra
→ Trió: ratra

Limburgish: dókter

→ Latvian: doktors

→ Lithuanian: daktaras

→ Macedonian: доктор (doktor)

→ Norwegian Bokmål: doktor

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: doktor

→ Old French: doctur, docteur
Anglo-Norman: doctour
→ Middle English: doctour, doctor
English: doctor (see there for further descendants)
Scots: doctor
French: docteur
→ Arabic: دُكْتور (doktōr)
→ Kaba: dòktórò
→ Persian: دکتر (doktor)
→ Ottoman Turkish: دوقتور (doktor)
→ Turkish: doktor
→ Ladino: doktor
→ Vietnamese: đốc-tờ
Norman: docteu
Walloon: docteur

→ Old Czech: doktor (learned)
Czech: doktor

→ Old Polish: doktor (learned)
Polish: doktor, doktór (regional or colloquial)
→ Kashubian: doktór
Silesian: dŏchtōr

→ Russian: до́ктор (dóktor) (see there for further descendants)

→ Saterland Frisian: Dokter

→ Serbo-Croatian: doktor / доктор

→ Slovak: doktor

→ Slovene: doktor

→ Spanish: doctor, Dr., dostor, dotor
→ Tagalog: doktor
→ Yaqui: takter

→ Swedish: doktor, (Abbreviations) d:r, dr, dr.
→ Finnish: tohtori

→ Ukrainian: доктор (doktor)

→ Vilamovian: dökter

→ Welsh: doethur

→ Yiddish: דאָקטאָר (doktor)

[…] et validos partim prae se misere leones
cum doctoribus armatis saevisque magistris

c. 99 BCE – 55 BCE, Lucretius, De rerum natura 5.1310–1312

[…] and some let out before them strong lions,
with armed trainers and fierce masters
to manage them and hold them in restraints,

qui moderarier his possent vinclisque tenere,


abbas

la-noun

abbās m (genitive abbātis, feminine abbātissa); third declension

abbās (canonical masculine)
abbātis (genitive)
abbātissa (feminine)
abbās (nominative singular)
abbātēs (nominative plural)
abbātis (genitive singular)
abbātum (genitive plural)
abbātī (dative singular)
abbātibus (dative plural)
abbātem (accusative singular)
abbātēs (accusative plural)
abbāte (ablative singular)
abbātibus (ablative plural)
abbās (singular vocative)
abbātēs (plural vocative)

Italo-Dalmatian

Italian: abate (see there for further descendants)

Neapolitan: abbate

Sicilian: abbati

Padanian:

Piedmontese: abà

Romagnol: abêt

Old Occitan:

Catalan: abat

Occitan: abat

West Iberian

Asturian: abá

desctree

Old Galician-Portuguese: abade
Galician: abade
Portuguese: abade

Old Spanish: abbat, abad

Spanish: abad (see there for further descendants)

Borrowings

→ Crimean Tatar: abbat

→ Danish: abbed

→ Finnish: apotti

→ Georgian: აბატი (abaṭi)

→ Indonesian: abbas

→ Latvian: abats

→ Lithuanian: abatas

→ Middle Dutch: abbet

Dutch: abt
Afrikaans: ab

→ Old English: abbat, abbod

Middle English: abbot, abbod

English: abbot
Gullah: aabut

→ Old Norse: ábóti

Icelandic: ábóti

Norwegian: abbed

→ Old French: abbet (see there for further descendants)

→ Old High German: abbāt

Middle High German: abbāt

German: Abt

Luxembourgish: Abt

→ Hungarian: apát

→ Czech: opat
→ Polish: opat

→ Macedonian: опат (opat)

→ Serbo-Croatian: опат

→ Slovak: opát

→ Slovene: opat

→ Ukrainian: опат (opat)

→ Old Irish: ap (see there for further descendants)

→ Old Norse: abbati

Faroese: abbati

→ Old Saxon: *abbat

Middle Low German: abbet, abt

→ Old Swedish: abbot

Swedish: abbot

→ Proto-Brythonic: *abad

Breton: abad

Cornish: abas

Middle Welsh: abat

Welsh: abad

→ West Frisian: abt

From Ancient Greek ἀββα, ἀββᾶς (abba, abbâs, “father or abbot”), from Aramaic אבא (’abbā, “father”).


rex

la-noun

rēx m (genitive rēgis, feminine rēgīna); third declension

rēx (canonical masculine)
rēgis (genitive)
rēgīna (feminine)
rēx (nominative singular)
rēgēs (nominative plural)
rēgis (genitive singular)
rēgum (genitive plural)
rēgī (dative singular)
rēgibus (dative plural)
rēgem (accusative singular)
rēgēs (accusative plural)
rēge (ablative singular)
rēgibus (ablative plural)
rēx (singular vocative)
rēgēs (plural vocative)

Dalmatian:

ra

Italo-Romance:

Corsican: rè

Italian: re
→ Maltese: re

Neapolitan: rré

Sicilian: re, reji

North Italian:

Gallo-Italic:

Emilian: rà

Old Lombard: rex

Lombard: rè, re

Piedmontese: rèj

Friulian: re

Ladin: re

Ligurian: re

Romansch: retg, raig, rai

Venetan: re

Gallo-Romance:

Franco-Provençal: rê

desctree

Old French: roi, rex, rei, rai, roy
Middle French: roy
French: roi, roy (obsolete) (pre-1800)
Antillean Creole: wa
Guianese Creole: rwè
Haitian Creole: wa
(perhaps) ⇒ Haitian Creole: lwa
→ English: loa
Karipúna Creole French: hué
Louisiana Creole: rwa
Seychellois Creole: lerwa
Norman:
Continental Normandy: rai, ré, rey
Guernsey: ré, roué
Jersey: rouai
Sark: rwe
Walloon: roy, rwè
→ Middle English: roy, roye
English: roy

Occitano-Romance:

Old Catalan: rei, rey

Catalan: rei

Old Occitan: rei
Occitan: rei, rèi

Ibero-Romance:

Navarro-Aragonese: rei, rey

Aragonese: rei

Old Leonese: rei, rey, re

Asturian: rei, reye

Leonese: rei

Mirandese: rei

Old Galician-Portuguese: rei
Fala: rei
Galician: rei
Portuguese: rei (see there for further descendants)

Old Spanish: rey
Ladino: rey
Spanish: rey
Chavacano: rey
Papiamentu: rey
→ San Pedro Amuzgos Amuzgo: rey

Insular Romance:

Sardinian: re, rei

→ Albanian: regj

→ Basque: errege

→ English: rex, Rex

→ Esperanto: reĝo

→ Koine Greek: ῥήξ (rhḗx)

→ Greek: ρήγας (rígas)

→ Albanian: rig

→ Romanian: rigă

→ Ido: rejo

→ Interlingua: rege

→ Italian: rege

→ Romanian: rege

→? Sicilian: reghi

desc

→⇒ Translingual: Balaeniceps rex, Tyrannosaurus rex

→ Volapük: reg

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₃reǵ-
Proto-Indo-European *-s
Proto-Indo-European *h₃rḗǵs
Proto-Italic *rēks
Latin rēx
From Proto-Italic *rēks, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃rḗǵs (“king, ruler”). Cognates include Sanskrit राजन् (rā́jan, “king”) and Old Irish rí (“king”).

etymon

rēx

inh

(derogatory) despot, tyrant (during the time of the Republic when there were no kings and executive power was usually divided)


agricola

la-noun

agricola m (genitive agricolae); first declension

agricolae (genitive)
agricola (nominative singular)
agricolae (nominative plural)
agricolae (genitive singular)
agricolārum (genitive plural)
agricolae (dative singular)
agricolīs (dative plural)
agricolam (accusative singular)
agricolās (accusative plural)
agricolā (ablative singular)
agricolīs (ablative plural)
agricola (singular vocative)
agricolae (plural vocative)

→ Catalan: agrícola

→ French: agricole

→ Friulian: agricul

→ Italian: agricolo

→ Piedmontese: agrìcol

→ Portuguese: agrícola

→ Romanian: agricol

→ Spanish: agrícola

[äˈɡrɪkɔɫ̪ä]

ager (“field”) + -cola (“-tiller”, “-cultivator”)


librarius

la-noun

librārius m (genitive librāriī or librārī, feminine librāria); second declension

librārius (canonical masculine)
librāriī (genitive)
librārī (genitive)
librāria (feminine)
librārius (nominative singular)
librāriī (nominative plural)
librāriī (genitive singular)
librārī (genitive singular)
librāriōrum (genitive plural)
librāriō (dative singular)
librāriīs (dative plural)
librārium (accusative singular)
librāriōs (accusative plural)
librāriō (ablative singular)
librāriīs (ablative plural)
librārie (singular vocative)
librāriī (plural vocative)


iudex

iūdex m (genitive iūdicis); third declension

iūdex (canonical masculine)
iūdicis (genitive)
iūdex (nominative singular)
iūdicēs (nominative plural)
iūdicis (genitive singular)
iūdicum (genitive plural)
iūdicī (dative singular)
iūdicibus (dative plural)
iūdicem (accusative singular)
iūdicēs (accusative plural)
iūdice (ablative singular)
iūdicibus (ablative plural)
iūdex (singular vocative)
iūdicēs (plural vocative)

Catalan: jutge

Franco-Provençal: jujo

Friulian: judis

Italian: giudice

Ladin: giudesc

Ligurian: giùdiçe

Neapolitan: jodece

Occitan: jutge

desctree

Old French: juge
French: juge
Norman: juge (Jersey)
Walloon: djudje
→ Middle English: juge, jugge, iuge
English: judge (see there for further descendants)
Scots: judge, juige
Yola: jooudge

Iberian Romance:

Aragonese: chuez

Old Leonese: iuez

Asturian: xuez, xuö

Leonese: xuez

Mirandese: juiç

Old Galician-Portuguese: juiz, juyz, joiz
Galician: xuíz
Portuguese: juiz

Old Spanish: juez, juiz, judez
Ladino: גואיס (jues)
Spanish: juez (see there for further descendants)

Romanian: jude

Sardinian: judiche, judighe, giudighe

Sicilian: jùdici

Venetan: xudexe

From Proto-Italic *jowozdiks. Equivalent to iūs (“law”) + the root of dīcere (“to indicate”) + -s.


mango

la-noun

mangō m (genitive mangōnis); third declension

mangō (canonical masculine)
mangōnis (genitive)
mangō (nominative singular)
mangōnēs (nominative plural)
mangōnis (genitive singular)
mangōnum (genitive plural)
mangōnī (dative singular)
mangōnibus (dative plural)
mangōnem (accusative singular)
mangōnēs (accusative plural)
mangōne (ablative singular)
mangōnibus (ablative plural)
mangō (singular vocative)
mangōnēs (plural vocative)

→⇒ Proto-West Germanic: *mangārī (see there for further descendants)

Uncertain; but perhaps an agent noun related to Ancient Greek μαγγανεύω (manganeúō, “enchant, use charms”) and secondarily “trick out, dress artificially”, from the noun μάγγανον (mánganon, “philtre, charm, means for bewitching others”). Buck suggests that Latin mangō is a loanword based (ultimately or otherwise) on the Greek noun.
Alternatively, derived from manus (“hand”) via an unattested verb such as *manicō or *manigō (“handle, manage; trade, deal?”) (both requiring an unusual syncope of the verb suffix, the former also requiring an unusual voicing of /k/) + -ō (agent noun suffix). This would make it related to manceps (“purchaser; contractor”) and mancipium (“property, slave”), whence perhaps the sense of “slave-trader”. The semantic trajectory would be similar to that of German handeln (“to handle; to trade, deal”), ultimately from Proto-Germanic *handuz (“hand”).

noncog

dealer, monger in slaves or wares (to which he tries to give an appearance of greater value by adorning them)


author

la-noun

author m (genitive authōris); third declension

authōris (genitive)
author (nominative singular)
authōrēs (nominative plural)
authōris (genitive singular)
authōrum (genitive plural)
authōrī (dative singular)
authōribus (dative plural)
authōrem (accusative singular)
authōrēs (accusative plural)
authōre (ablative singular)
authōribus (ablative plural)
author (singular vocative)
authōrēs (plural vocative)

Late variant of auctor and autor under influence of descendants such as English author.

(New Latin, proscribed) Alternative form of auctor: source, creator, vendor, author, artist.


cantor

cantor m (genitive cantōris, feminine cantrīx); third declension

cantōris (genitive)
cantrīx (feminine)
cantor (nominative singular)
cantōrēs (nominative plural)
cantōris (genitive singular)
cantōrum (genitive plural)
cantōrī (dative singular)
cantōribus (dative plural)
cantōrem (accusative singular)
cantōrēs (accusative plural)
cantōre (ablative singular)
cantōribus (ablative plural)
cantor (singular vocative)
cantōrēs (plural vocative)

Asturian: cantor

Catalan: cantor

Champenois: chantou

English: cantor

Franc-Comtois: tchaintou

French: chantre, chanteur

Friulian: cjantôr

Galician: cantor

Italian: cantore

Norman: chanteux

Portuguese: cantor

Romanian: cantor

Sardinian: cantore, cantori

Spanish: cantor

Swedish: kantor

Venetan: cantor

Walloons: tchanteu

vel audire possum ultra vocem cantorum atque cantricum?

Can I still hear the voices of male and female singers?


imperator

imperātor m (genitive imperātōris, feminine imperātrīx); third declension

imperātor (canonical masculine)
imperātōris (genitive)
imperātrīx (feminine)
imperātor (nominative singular)
imperātōrēs (nominative plural)
imperātōris (genitive singular)
imperātōrum (genitive plural)
imperātōrī (dative singular)
imperātōribus (dative plural)
imperātōrem (accusative singular)
imperātōrēs (accusative plural)
imperātōre (ablative singular)
imperātōribus (ablative plural)
imperātor (singular vocative)
imperātōrēs (plural vocative)

Italo-Romance:

Italian: imperatore (see there for further descendants)

Sicilian: mpiraturi

Padanian:

Friulian: imperadôr

Lombard: imperador

Piedmontese: imperador

Venetan: inperadore

Gallo-Romance:

Catalan: emperador

Franco-Provençal: emperor

Old French: empereor (see there for further descendants)

Occitan: emperaire, emperador

Ibero-Romance:

Asturian: emperador

desctree

Old Galician-Portuguese: emperador
Galician: emperador
Portuguese: imperador

Old Spanish: emperador
Spanish: emperador

⇒ Vulgar Latin: *imperātus

Megleno-Romanian: ạmpirat

Romanian: împărat

→ Albanian: mbret
→ English: mpret, mbret

Borrowings:

→ Ottoman Turkish: ایمپراطور (imperator)
Turkish: imparator

→ Polish: imperator

→ Proto-Brythonic: *ɨmperọdr (see there for further descendants)

→ Romanian: imperator

→ Russian: император (imperator)

→ Ukrainian: імператор (imperator)

[ɪmpɛˈräːt̪ɔr]

From imperō (“command”), via the radical of its supine imperātum + -tor.


famulus

la-noun

famulus m (genitive famulī, feminine famula); second declension

famulī (genitive)
famula (feminine)
famulus (nominative singular)
famulī (nominative plural)
famulī (genitive singular)
famulōrum (genitive plural)
famulō (dative singular)
famulīs (dative plural)
famulum (accusative singular)
famulōs (accusative plural)
famulō (ablative singular)
famulīs (ablative plural)
famule (singular vocative)
famulī (plural vocative)

[ˈfämʊɫ̪ʊs̠]

From earlier famelus, from Proto-Italic *famelos (“slave”) (whence Oscan 𐌚𐌀𐌌𐌄𐌋 (famel, “slave”)), from earlier *θamelos; probably ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁- (“to do, put, place”). Probably as a backformation from the predecessor of familia (see there for details).

der

ūnā cum famulō tuō, pāpā nostrō, N.,

together with thy servant, our Pope, N.,


nauta

la-noun

nauta m or f (genitive nautae); first declension

nautae (genitive)
nauta (nominative singular)
nautae (nominative plural)
nautae (genitive singular)
nautārum (genitive plural)
nautae (dative singular)
nautīs (dative plural)
nautam (accusative singular)
nautās (accusative plural)
nautā (ablative singular)
nautīs (ablative plural)
nauta (singular vocative)
nautae (plural vocative)

⇒ Latin: *nautō (see there for further descendants)

→ Catalan: nauta

→ English: -naut

→ Spanish: nauta

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ναύτης (naútēs, “sailor”).


eques

eques m (genitive equitis); third declension

equitis (genitive)
eques (nominative singular)
equitēs (nominative plural)
equitis (genitive singular)
equitum (genitive plural)
equitī (dative singular)
equitibus (dative plural)
equitem (accusative singular)
equitēs (accusative plural)
equite (ablative singular)
equitibus (ablative plural)
eques (singular vocative)
equitēs (plural vocative)

From equus (“horse”) + -es (“-faring”). Compare pedes, mīles for similar formations.


astrologus

astrologus m (genitive astrologī); second declension

astrologī (genitive)
astrologus (nominative singular)
astrologī (nominative plural)
astrologī (genitive singular)
astrologōrum (genitive plural)
astrologō (dative singular)
astrologīs (dative plural)
astrologum (accusative singular)
astrologōs (accusative plural)
astrologō (ablative singular)
astrologīs (ablative plural)
astrologe (singular vocative)
astrologī (plural vocative)

French: astrologue

Italian: astrologo

Portuguese: astrólogo

Romanian: astrolog

Spanish: astrólogo

Irish: asarlaí

Sicilian: stròlicu

→ Sicilian: astròlucu

[äs̠ˈt̪rɔɫ̪ɔɡʊs̠]

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ᾰ̓στρολόγος (astrológos, “astronomer, astrologer”).


carnifex

la-noun

carnifex m (genitive carnificis); third declension

carnificis (genitive)
carnifex (nominative singular)
carnificēs (nominative plural)
carnificis (genitive singular)
carnificum (genitive plural)
carnificī (dative singular)
carnificibus (dative plural)
carnificem (accusative singular)
carnificēs (accusative plural)
carnifice (ablative singular)
carnificibus (ablative plural)
carnifex (singular vocative)
carnificēs (plural vocative)

→ English: carnifex

→ Italian: carnefice

→ Portuguese: carnífice

→ Spanish: carnífice


professor

professor m (genitive professōris, feminine profestrīx); third declension

professōris (genitive)
profestrīx (feminine)
professor (nominative singular)
professōrēs (nominative plural)
professōris (genitive singular)
professōrum (genitive plural)
professōrī (dative singular)
professōribus (dative plural)
professōrem (accusative singular)
professōrēs (accusative plural)
professōre (ablative singular)
professōribus (ablative plural)
professor (singular vocative)
professōrēs (plural vocative)

Asturian: profesor

Catalan: professor

Dalmatian: professáur

French: professeur
→ Turkish: profesör

Italian: professore

Occitan: professor

Romanian: profesor

Sicilian: prufissuri

desctree

Spanish: profesor
→ Bikol Central: propesor
→ Tagalog: propesor

Venetan: profesor

→ Azerbaijani: professor

→ Belarusian: прафе́сар (prafjésar)

→ Bulgarian: профе́сор (profésor)

→ Czech: profesor

→ Danish: professor
→ Icelandic: prófessor

→ Dutch: professor

→ Egyptian Arabic: بروفيسور (brūfisūr)

→ English: professor, professour (archaic)
→ Chickasaw: pofessa'
→ Fijian: parofesa
→ Hawaiian: polopeka
→ Hindi: प्रोफ़ेसर (profesar)
→ Malay: profesor
→ Niuean: palōfesa
→ Samoan: polofesa
→ Swahili: profesa
→ Tok Pisin: profesa
→ Tongan: palofesa
→ Urdu: پروفیسر (profesar)

→ Esperanto: profesoro

→ Finnish: professori

→ Georgian: პროფესორი (ṗropesori)

→ German: Professor

desc

פְּרוֹפֶסוֹר

→ Hebrew: פְּרוֹפֶסוֹר (profésor)

→ Hungarian: professzor

→ Indonesian: profesor

→ Javanese: profesor

→ Latgalian: profesors

→ Latvian: profesors

→ Lithuanian: profesorius

→ Macedonian: про́фесор (prófesor)

→ Maltese: professur

desctree

→ Old Galician-Portuguese: professor
Fala: profesol
Galician: profesor
Portuguese: professor

→ Persian: پروفسور (profesor)

→ Polish: profesor
→ Kashubian: profesór

→ Russian: профе́ссор (proféssor), профе́ссоръ (proféssor) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)
→ Armenian: պրոֆեսոր (profesor)
→ Kazakh: профессор (professor)
→ Uyghur: پروفېسسور (profëssor)
→ Uzbek: professor
→ Yakut: бэрэпиэссэр (berepiesser)

→ Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: про̀фесор

Latin script: pròfesor

→ Slovak: profesor

→ Slovene: profesor

→ Sundanese: profesor

→ Swedish: professor, professur

→ Ukrainian: профе́сор (profésor)

→ Vilamovian: profesor

desc

פּראָפֿעסאָר

→ Yiddish: פּראָפֿעסאָר (profesor)


navita

la-noun

nāvita m (genitive nāvitae); first declension

nāvita (canonical masculine)
nāvitae (genitive)
nāvita (nominative singular)
nāvitae (nominative plural)
nāvitae (genitive singular)
nāvitārum (genitive plural)
nāvitae (dative singular)
nāvitīs (dative plural)
nāvitam (accusative singular)
nāvitās (accusative plural)
nāvitā (ablative singular)
nāvitīs (ablative plural)
nāvita (singular vocative)
nāvitae (plural vocative)

[ˈnäːu̯ɪt̪ä]

Navita de ventis, de tauris narrat arator,

The sailor tells of winds, the ploughman of bulls,
the soldier counts his wounds, the shepherd his sheep.


sacerdos

sacerdōs m or f (genitive sacerdōtis); third declension

sacerdōs (canonical feminine masculine)
sacerdōtis (genitive)
sacerdōs (nominative singular)
sacerdōtēs (nominative plural)
sacerdōtis (genitive singular)
sacerdōtum (genitive plural)
sacerdōtī (dative singular)
sacerdōtibus (dative plural)
sacerdōtem (accusative singular)
sacerdōtēs (accusative plural)
sacerdōte (ablative singular)
sacerdōtibus (ablative plural)
sacerdōs (singular vocative)
sacerdōtēs (plural vocative)

Asturian: sacerdote

Catalan: sacerdot

→ Chinese: 司鐸／司铎 (sīduó) (phono-semantic loan)

Galician: sacerdote

Italian: sacerdote

→ Sardinian: satzerdote, sacerdote

Portuguese: sacerdote

Old English: sacerd

Romanian: sacerdot

Sicilian: sacirduti

Spanish: sacerdote

desctree

→ Old Irish: sacart
Irish: sagart
Manx: saggyrt
Scottish Gaelic: sagart
⇒ Middle Irish: sacartacht

From Proto-Italic *sakrodōts. Equivalent to sacer (“sacred, holy”) plus an affix derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *dʰeh₁- (“to do”).


senator

la-noun

senātor m (genitive senātōris, feminine senātrīx); third declension

senātor (canonical masculine)
senātōris (genitive)
senātrīx (feminine)
senātor (nominative singular)
senātōrēs (nominative plural)
senātōris (genitive singular)
senātōrum (genitive plural)
senātōrī (dative singular)
senātōribus (dative plural)
senātōrem (accusative singular)
senātōrēs (accusative plural)
senātōre (ablative singular)
senātōribus (ablative plural)
senātor (singular vocative)
senātōrēs (plural vocative)

English: senator

desctree

French: sénateur
→ Romanian: senator
→ Turkish: senatör

Galician: senador

Irish: seanadóir

Italian: senatore

Middle Iranian: (As title of Roman politicians)

desc

Inscriptional Parthian script: 𐭎𐭀𐭍𐭕𐭅𐭓 (sʾntwr /sāntūr/)

Inscriptional Pahlavi script: 𐭮𐭠𐭭𐭲𐭥𐭥 (sʾntwr /sāntōr/)

Norman: sénateu

Portuguese: senador

Russian: сена́тор (senátor)

Sicilian: sinaturi

Spanish: senador

Welsh: henadur

[s̠ɛˈnäːt̪ɔr]

From senātus (“senate”) + -tor, originally from senex (“old”).

(politics) senator (a member of the Roman Senate)


cerdo

la-noun

cerdō m (genitive cerdōnis); third declension

cerdō (canonical masculine)
cerdōnis (genitive)
cerdō (nominative singular)
cerdōnēs (nominative plural)
cerdōnis (genitive singular)
cerdōnum (genitive plural)
cerdōnī (dative singular)
cerdōnibus (dative plural)
cerdōnem (accusative singular)
cerdōnēs (accusative plural)
cerdōne (ablative singular)
cerdōnibus (ablative plural)
cerdō (singular vocative)
cerdōnēs (plural vocative)


autor

autor m (genitive autōris); third declension

autōris (genitive)
autor (nominative singular)
autōrēs (nominative plural)
autōris (genitive singular)
autōrum (genitive plural)
autōrī (dative singular)
autōribus (dative plural)
autōrem (accusative singular)
autōrēs (accusative plural)
autōre (ablative singular)
autōribus (ablative plural)
autor (singular vocative)
autōrēs (plural vocative)

Late variant of auctor under influence of descendants such as Italian autore.


pastor

pāstor m (genitive pāstōris, feminine pāstrīx); third declension

pāstor (canonical masculine)
pāstōris (genitive)
pāstrīx (feminine)
pāstor (nominative singular)
pāstōrēs (nominative plural)
pāstōris (genitive singular)
pāstōrum (genitive plural)
pāstōrī (dative singular)
pāstōribus (dative plural)
pāstōrem (accusative singular)
pāstōrēs (accusative plural)
pāstōre (ablative singular)
pāstōribus (ablative plural)
pāstor (singular vocative)
pāstōrēs (plural vocative)

Asturian: pastor

Esperanto: pastro

Friulian: pastôr

→ German: Pastor

→ Romanian: pastor

Italian: pastore

desctree

→ Middle Dutch: pastoor
Dutch: pastoor
Afrikaans: pastoor
→ Indonesian: pastor
→ Javanese: ꦥꦱ꧀ꦠꦸꦂ (pastur)
→ Lokono: pastoro
→ Papiamentu: pastor
→ West Frisian: pastoar
Limburgish: pestoear
West Flemish: paster

Old French: (from the nominative) pastre
French: pâtre m

Old French: (from the accusative or genitive) pastor
French: pasteur
Norman: pâteu'
→ Middle English: pastour
English: pastor

desc

Old Occitan: (from the accusative) pastor

Catalan: pastor

Occitan: pastor

Old Occitan: (from the nominative)

Occitan: pastre

Portuguese: pastor

Romanian: păstor

Romansch: pastur, pastour

desctree

→ Russian: пастор (pastor)
→ Kazakh: пастор (pastor)

Sicilian: pasturi

Spanish: pastor
→ Cebuano: pastor
→ Northern Puebla Nahuatl: paxtol
→ Tagalog: pastol, pastor

→ Swedish: pastor
→ Finnish: pastori

Venetan: pastor

[ˈpäːs̠t̪ɔr]

From pāscō (“to feed, maintain, pasture, graze”), from Proto-Indo-European *peh₂- (“to protect”).

der

25 BC, Sextus Propertius, Elegiae; II, i, 43–4


gladiator

la-noun

gladiātor m (genitive gladiātōris, feminine gladiātrīx); third declension

gladiātor (canonical masculine)
gladiātōris (genitive)
gladiātrīx (feminine)
gladiātor (nominative singular)
gladiātōrēs (nominative plural)
gladiātōris (genitive singular)
gladiātōrum (genitive plural)
gladiātōrī (dative singular)
gladiātōribus (dative plural)
gladiātōrem (accusative singular)
gladiātōrēs (accusative plural)
gladiātōre (ablative singular)
gladiātōribus (ablative plural)
gladiātor (singular vocative)
gladiātōrēs (plural vocative)

→ Catalan: gladiador

→ Czech: gladiátor

→ Danish: gladiator

→ Dutch: gladiator

→ English: gladiator

→ French: gladiateur

→ German: Gladiator

→ Hungarian: gladiátor

→ Italian: gladiatore

→ Norwegian: gladiator

→ Polish: gladiator

→ Portuguese: gladiador

→ Romanian: gladiator

→ Russian: гладиа́тор (gladiátor)

→ Sicilian: gladiaturi

→ Spanish: gladiador

→ Swedish: gladiator

[ɡɫ̪äd̪iˈäːt̪ɔr]

Derived from either gladiō (“I use the sword”) + -tor (“-tor”) or gladior (“I use the sword”) + -tor (“-tor”). The verb gladiāre/gladiārī is attested only indirectly from derived forms such as gladiātor, ars gladiandī or, in an inscription, gladiantēs.


magistra

la-noun

magistra f (genitive magistrae, masculine magister); first declension

magistrae (genitive)
magister (masculine)
magistra (nominative singular)
magistrae (nominative plural)
magistrae (genitive singular)
magistrārum (genitive plural)
magistrae (dative singular)
magistrīs (dative plural)
magistram (accusative singular)
magistrās (accusative plural)
magistrā (ablative singular)
magistrīs (ablative plural)
magistra (singular vocative)
magistrae (plural vocative)

[mäˈɡɪs̠t̪rä]

From magister (“teacher, master”) + -a (feminine suffix).


famula

la-noun

famula f (genitive famulae, masculine famulus); first declension

famulae (genitive)
famulus (masculine)
famula (nominative singular)
famulae (nominative plural)
famulae (genitive singular)
famulārum (genitive plural)
famulae (dative singular)
famulīs (dative plural)
famulam (accusative singular)
famulās (accusative plural)
famulā (ablative singular)
famulīs (ablative plural)
famula (singular vocative)
famulae (plural vocative)

Feminine form of famulus; famulus + -a (feminine suffix).

female servant; maid, handmaiden, maid-servant


magister

magister m (genitive magistrī, feminine magistra); second declension

magistrī (genitive)
magistra (feminine)
magister (nominative singular)
magistrī (nominative plural)
magistrī (genitive singular)
magistrōrum (genitive plural)
magistrō (dative singular)
magistrīs (dative plural)
magistrum (accusative singular)
magistrōs (accusative plural)
magistrō (ablative singular)
magistrīs (ablative plural)
magister (singular vocative)
magistrī (plural vocative)

Balkan Romance

Romanian: măiestru, măestru

Padanian:

Friulian: mestri

Ligurian: méistro

Piedmontese: mèistr

Venetan: maestro

→ Cimbrian: maistro

Italo-Romance:

Corsican: maestru

Old Italian: mastro

Italian: maestro (see there for further descendants)

Neapolitan: maestro

Sicilian: mastru, majistru

Northern Gallo-Romance:

Old Francoprovençal: maistre, maistro

Franco-Provençal: mêtro, maîtro, meîtro

Bressan: maîtrou

desctree

Old French: maistre, mestre
Middle French: maistre
French: maître (see there for further descendants)
Bourguignon: moître
Gallo: maître
Norman: maître
Picard: moaître
Walloon: mwaisse
→ Middle Breton: maestr
Breton: mestr
→ Middle English: maister, maistre, mayster, maystr, maistir
English: master (see there for further descendants)
English: mister (see there for further descendants)
Scots: maister
→ Middle Welsh: meistyr
Welsh: meistr
→ Old East Slavic: мастеръ (masterŭ)
Russian: мастер (master)

Southern Gallo-Romance:

Aragonese: mayestre, mayestro

Old Catalan: maestre

Catalan: mestre

Old Occitan: maestre
Occitan: mèstre
→ Old Galician-Portuguese: meestre, maestre (or via Old Catalan)
Galician: mestre
Portuguese: mestre
→ Spanish: maestre

Insular Romance:

Sardinian: maistru

Ibero-Romance:

Asturian: maestru, maestre

Old Spanish: maesse

Spanish: maese, maeso, maestro

Borrowings

→ Albanian: mjeshtër, mjesht

→ Proto-Brythonic:

Middle Breton: maestr

Breton: mestr

Cornish: mester

Welsh: meistr

desc

→ Koine Greek: μαγίστωρ (magístōr), μάγιστρος (mágistros)

Byzantine Greek: μαΐστωρ (maḯstōr), μάστορας (mástoras)

Greek: μάστορας (mástoras)

→ Proto-West Germanic: *maistar (see there for further descendants)

→ Belarusian: магістр (mahistr)

→ Bulgarian: магистър (magistǎr)

→ Crimean Tatar: magistr

→ Czech: magistr

→ English: magister

→ Estonian: magister

→ Finnish: magisteri

→ French: magister

→ Old High German: magister

→ Middle High German: magister

→ German: Magister

→ Italian: magister

desctree

→ Old English: mæġester, magister, māġister, mæġster, mǣster
Middle English: maister, maistre, mayster, maystr, maistir (reinforced by Old French maistre)
English: master (see there for further descendants)
English: mister (see there for further descendants)
Scots: maister

→ Old Irish: magister
Irish: máistir
Manx: mainshtyr
Scottish Gaelic: maighstir

→ Lithuanian: magistras

→ Piedmontese: magìster

→ Polish: magister

→ Portuguese: magíster

→ Romanian: magistru

→ Romansch: magister

→ Russian: маги́стр (magístr)

→ Serbo-Croatian: magistar / магистар

→ Spanish: magíster

→ Swedish: magister
→ Finnish: maisteri

→ Ukrainian: магістр (mahistr)

[mäˈɡɪs̠t̪ɛr]

From Proto-Italic *magisteros. Equivalent to magis (“more or great”) + Proto-Indo-European *-teros. Compare minister.

master; a title of the Middle Ages, given to a person in authority or to one having a license from a university to teach philosophy and the liberal arts, teacher, instructor


actrix

la-noun

āctrīx f (genitive āctrīcis, masculine āctor); third declension

āctrīx (canonical feminine)
āctrīcis (genitive)
āctor (masculine)
āctrīx (nominative singular)
āctrīcēs (nominative plural)
āctrīcis (genitive singular)
āctrīcum (genitive plural)
āctrīcī (dative singular)
āctrīcibus (dative plural)
āctrīcem (accusative singular)
āctrīcēs (accusative plural)
āctrīce (ablative singular)
āctrīcibus (ablative plural)
āctrīx (singular vocative)
āctrīcēs (plural vocative)

Asturian: actriz

→ Catalan: actriu

→ English: actrix

Galician: actriz

Italian: attrice

→ Middle French: actrice

desctree

French: actrice
→ Bulgarian: актри́са (aktrísa)
→ Dutch: actrice
→ English: actrice
→ Norman: actrice
→ Ottoman Turkish: آقتریس (aktris)
Turkish: aktris
→ Russian: актри́са (aktrísa)
→ Azerbaijani: aktrisa
→ Uzbek: aktrisa
→ Yiddish: אַקטריסע (aktrise)
→ Swedish: aktris
→ Ukrainian: актри́са (aktrýsa)

Portuguese: atriz

→ Spanish: actriz

From āctus + -trīx, from agō (“do, act”).

actress, actor (female) (person who performs in a theatrical play or movie)


auctor

la-noun

auctor m or f (genitive auctōris, feminine auctor or auctrīx); third declension

auctōris (genitive)
auctor (feminine)
auctrīx (feminine)
auctor (nominative singular)
auctōrēs (nominative plural)
auctōris (genitive singular)
auctōrum (genitive plural)
auctōrī (dative singular)
auctōribus (dative plural)
auctōrem (accusative singular)
auctōrēs (accusative plural)
auctōre (ablative singular)
auctōribus (ablative plural)
auctor (singular vocative)
auctōrēs (plural vocative)

→ German: Auctor, Autor, Author (see there for further descendants)

→ English: lamed auctoris

→ Irish: ughdar, údar

→ Italian: autore

→ Albanian: autore

→ Norman: auteu

desctree

Old French: autor, auctor, auctour, auctur, autour, autur
Middle French: autheur, aucteur, auctour, auteur, autteur
French: auteur (see there for further descendants)
→ Middle English: auctour, auctor, autor, autour, author, auther
English: author
Scots: author

Old Galician-Portuguese: autor, auctor
Galician: autor
Portuguese: autor

→ Romanian: autor

→ Spanish: autor

→ Welsh: awdur

From Proto-Italic *auktōr, cognate to Umbrian 𐌖𐌇𐌕𐌖𐌓 (uhtur). Equivalent to augeō (“to increase, nourish”) + -tor.

author

considered to be incorrect, but do at least occur in older New Latin

(also Medieval Latin) one who gives increase (hence: an originator, causer, doer, founder)


speculator

la-noun

speculātor m (genitive speculātōris, feminine speculātrīx); third declension

speculātor (canonical masculine)
speculātōris (genitive)
speculātrīx (feminine)
speculātor (nominative singular)
speculātōrēs (nominative plural)
speculātōris (genitive singular)
speculātōrum (genitive plural)
speculātōrī (dative singular)
speculātōribus (dative plural)
speculātōrem (accusative singular)
speculātōrēs (accusative plural)
speculātōre (ablative singular)
speculātōribus (ablative plural)
speculātor (singular vocative)
speculātōrēs (plural vocative)

→ Catalan: especulador

→ English: speculator

→ French: spéculateur

desc

→ Byzantine Greek: σπεκουλάτωρ (spekoulátōr)

→ Aramaic::

Jewish Palestinian Aramaic: אספקלטור (/*ʾespuqlāṭōr/)

Christian Palestinian Aramaic: ܐܣܦܩܘܠܛܘܪ (/*ʾespuqlāṭōr/)

Classical Syriac: ܐܷܣܦܽܘܩܠܴܛܪܐ (ʾespuqlāṭrā)

אִסְפַּקְלָטוֺרָא

Jewish Babylonian Aramaic: אִסְפַּקְלָטוֺרָא (ʾispaqlāṭōrā)

→ Gothic: 𐍃𐍀𐌰𐌹𐌺𐌿𐌻𐌰𐍄𐌿𐍂 (spaikulatur)

→ Italian: speculatore

→ Portuguese: especulador

→ Romanian: speculator

→ Spanish: especulador

[s̠pɛkʊˈɫ̪äːt̪ɔr]

From speculor (“to watch, to observe”) + -tor (“-er: forming agent nouns”), from specula (“watchtower”), from speciō (“to watch, to observe”). Doublet of spectator.

suffix

a particular scout of the Imperial legion’s commander or of a province’s governor also competent to carry out executions


miles

la-noun

mīles m or f (genitive mīlitis); third declension

mīles (canonical feminine masculine)
mīlitis (genitive)
mīles (nominative singular)
mīlitēs (nominative plural)
mīlitis (genitive singular)
mīlitum (genitive plural)
mīlitī (dative singular)
mīlitibus (dative plural)
mīlitem (accusative singular)
mīlitēs (accusative plural)
mīlite (ablative singular)
mīlitibus (ablative plural)
mīles (singular vocative)
mīlitēs (plural vocative)

→ Italian: milite

→ Piedmontese: mìlit

→ Portuguese: mílite

Romanian: mire (uncertain)

→ Spanish: mílite

→ Welsh: milwr

Unknown. Possibly of Etruscan origin. The suffix seems similar to that of pedes, eques, veles, comes, but the origin of mīl- is opaque. A connection to mīlia (“thousands”), perhaps as "person going by the thousand(s)", is difficult to confidently motivate semantically.

mīles gregārius


lanista

lanista m (genitive lanistae); first declension

lanistae (genitive)
lanista (nominative singular)
lanistae (nominative plural)
lanistae (genitive singular)
lanistārum (genitive plural)
lanistae (dative singular)
lanistīs (dative plural)
lanistam (accusative singular)
lanistās (accusative plural)
lanistā (ablative singular)
lanistīs (ablative plural)
lanista (singular vocative)
lanistae (plural vocative)

[ɫ̪äˈnɪs̠t̪ä]

According to Isidore, a borrowing from Etruscan (see Etruscan 𐌋𐌀𐌍𐌉𐌔𐌕𐌀 (lanista, “headsman; gladiator”)) and also derived from the verb laniō (see also lanius (“butcher”)). Ernout and Meillet view the -a ending as supporting an Etruscan origin. However, De Vaan suggests an Indo-European etymology for lanius (“butcher”) and questions the Etruscan origin of this word family.

bor

trainer or manager of a team of gladiators


vespillo

la-noun

vespillō m (genitive vespillōnis); third declension

vespillō (canonical masculine)
vespillōnis (genitive)
vespillō (nominative singular)
vespillōnēs (nominative plural)
vespillōnis (genitive singular)
vespillōnum (genitive plural)
vespillōnī (dative singular)
vespillōnibus (dative plural)
vespillōnem (accusative singular)
vespillōnēs (accusative plural)
vespillōne (ablative singular)
vespillōnibus (ablative plural)
vespillō (singular vocative)
vespillōnēs (plural vocative)

[u̯ɛs̠ˈpɪlːʲoː]

Uncertain. Possibly a derivative of vespa (“wasp”). Festus describes vespa and vespula as synonyms of vespillo in this sense, but denies a connection to the 'wasp' lexeme and instead gives a (likely folk etymology) derivation of these three terms from vesper (“evening”). Thus, a semantic connection with wasps was apparently not obvious to Festus. Regardless, some modern etymologists have favored this derivation; Benveniste 1923-1924:124f argued that wasps were noted for carrying the body of their prey to their nests. The second element may be the diminutive suffix -illus, followed by -ō, -ōnis m (suffix forming appellations) making the overall structure vespa + -illus + -ō.
De Vaan cites Watkins 1969 for a proposal that the word comes instead from a PIE root for 'clothing' or 'shroud' and is cognate to Hittite [script needed] (wašpaš, “clothes”).

cog

Vespae et vespillones dicuntur, qui funerandis corporibus officium gerunt, non a minutis illis volucribus, sed quia vespertino tempore eos efferunt, qui funebri pompa duci propter inopiam nequeunt. Hi etiam vespulae vocantur.

1839 [8th century CE], Paulus Diaconus, edited by Karl Otfried Müller, Excerpta ex libris Pompeii Festi De significatione verborum, page 368, line 17:

They are called vespae and vespillones, who perform the function of burying corpses, not from those little flying creatures, but because they carry out in the evening [vespertino tempore] those who because of poverty cannot be carried in a funeral procession. They are also called vespulae.


censor

la-noun

cēnsor m (genitive cēnsōris); third declension

cēnsor (canonical masculine)
cēnsōris (genitive)
cēnsor (nominative singular)
cēnsōrēs (nominative plural)
cēnsōris (genitive singular)
cēnsōrum (genitive plural)
cēnsōrī (dative singular)
cēnsōribus (dative plural)
cēnsōrem (accusative singular)
cēnsōrēs (accusative plural)
cēnsōre (ablative singular)
cēnsōribus (ablative plural)
cēnsor (singular vocative)
cēnsōrēs (plural vocative)

→ Catalan: censor

→ English: censor

→ French: censeur

→ German: Zensor

→ Italian: censore

desc

→ Oscan: 𐌊𐌄𐌄𐌍𐌆𐌔𐌕𐌖𐌓 (keenzstur), 𐌊𐌄𐌍𐌔𐌆𐌖𐌓 (kenszur)

→ Portuguese: censor

→ Romanian: cenzor

→ Russian: це́нзор (cénzor)

→ Spanish: censor

From cēnseō (“I assess, value, judge, tax, etc.”) + -tor (agentive suffix).

af

provincial magistrate with similar duties.

a critic, especially a severe one of morals and society


coquus

la-noun

coquus m (genitive coquī, feminine coqua); second declension

coquī (genitive)
coqua (feminine)
coquus (nominative singular)
coquī (nominative plural)
coquī (genitive singular)
coquōrum (genitive plural)
coquō (dative singular)
coquīs (dative plural)
coquum (accusative singular)
coquōs (accusative plural)
coquō (ablative singular)
coquīs (ablative plural)
coque (singular vocative)
coquī (plural vocative)

Catalan: coc

Italian: cuoco

French: queux

North Italian:

Friulian: cogo

Romagnol: cug

Venetan: cógo

Gascon: còc

Sicilian: cocu

→ Proto-West Germanic: *kok (see there for further descendants)

→ Welsh: cog

⇒ Vulgar Latin: *cociō

Catalan: cosó

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *pekʷ-
Proto-Indo-European *-eti
Proto-Indo-European *pékʷeti
Proto-Italic *kʷekʷō
Latin coquō
Proto-Indo-European *-os
Proto-Italic *-os
Latin -us
Latin coquus
From coquō + -us.

etymon

Grumio in culina delicias multas coxit quando coquus erat.

Grumio used to cook many delights in the kitchen when he was a cook.


ancilla

la-noun

ancilla f (genitive ancillae); first declension

ancillae (genitive)
ancilla (nominative singular)
ancillae (nominative plural)
ancillae (genitive singular)
ancillārum (genitive plural)
ancillae (dative singular)
ancillīs (dative plural)
ancillam (accusative singular)
ancillās (accusative plural)
ancillā (ablative singular)
ancillīs (ablative plural)
ancilla (singular vocative)
ancillae (plural vocative)

[än̠ʲˈt͡ʃilːä]

From ancula (“maid”) + -lus (diminutive form).


vigil

vigil m (genitive vigilis); third declension

vigilis (genitive)
vigil (nominative singular)
vigilēs (nominative plural)
vigilis (genitive singular)
vigilum (genitive plural)
vigilī (dative singular)
vigilibus (dative plural)
vigilem (accusative singular)
vigilēs (accusative plural)
vigile (ablative singular)
vigilibus (ablative plural)
vigil (singular vocative)
vigilēs (plural vocative)

French: vigile

Irish: feighil

Italian: vigile

Piedmontese: vìgil

Portuguese: vígil

Romanian: vigil, veghe

From Proto-Indo-European *weǵ- (“to be strong, lively, awake”), whence vigeō.

der

watchman, guard, sentinel; constable, fireman; angel


mo

(Medieval Latin, historical) Abbreviation of monētārius (moneyer, minter) in its various forms.


meretrix

la-noun

meretrīx f (genitive meretrīcis, masculine meretor); third declension

meretrīx (canonical feminine)
meretrīcis (genitive)
meretor (masculine)
meretrīx (nominative singular)
meretrīcēs (nominative plural)
meretrīcis (genitive singular)
meretrīcum (genitive plural)
meretrīcī (dative singular)
meretrīcibus (dative plural)
meretrīcem (accusative singular)
meretrīcēs (accusative plural)
meretrīce (ablative singular)
meretrīcibus (ablative plural)
meretrīx (singular vocative)
meretrīcēs (plural vocative)

Old Lombard: meltris

Old French: meautris

Occitan: meltris

→ Old English: myltestre, miltestre

→ Catalan: meretriu

→ English: meretrix

→ Galician: meretriz

→ Italian: meretrice

→ Portuguese: meretriz

→ Sicilian: miritrici

→ Spanish: meretriz

From mereō (“to earn (a living)”) + -trīx (“agent noun suffix”), literally “the earner”.


curator

la-noun

cūrātor m (genitive cūrātōris); third declension

cūrātor (canonical masculine)
cūrātōris (genitive)
cūrātor (nominative singular)
cūrātōrēs (nominative plural)
cūrātōris (genitive singular)
cūrātōrum (genitive plural)
cūrātōrī (dative singular)
cūrātōribus (dative plural)
cūrātōrem (accusative singular)
cūrātōrēs (accusative plural)
cūrātōre (ablative singular)
cūrātōribus (ablative plural)
cūrātor (singular vocative)
cūrātōrēs (plural vocative)

→ Bulgarian: кура́тор (kurátor)

→ Byzantine Greek: κουράτωρ (kourátōr)

→ Catalan: curador

→ Czech: kurátor

→ Dutch: curator

→ English: curator

→ Finnish: kuraattori

→ French: curateur

→ Friulian: curadôr

→ Galician: curador

→ Georgian: კურატორი (ḳuraṭori)

→ German: Curator, Kurator

→ Italian: curatore

→ Macedonian: куратор (kurator)

→ Norwegian:

→ Norwegian Bokmål: kurator

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: kurator

→ Polish: kurator

→ Portuguese: curador

→ Romanian: curator

→ Russian: кура́тор (kurátor)

→ Serbo-Croatian: kùrātor, ку̀ра̄тор

→ Spanish: curador

→ Crimean Tatar: kurator

who pays heed about the state of an object, warden, overseer, watchman, lookout


cohors

cohors f (genitive cohortis); third declension

cohortis (genitive)
cohors (nominative singular)
cohortēs (nominative plural)
cohortis (genitive singular)
cohortium (genitive plural)
cohortī (dative singular)
cohortibus (dative plural)
cohortem (accusative singular)
cohortēs (accusative plural)
cohortīs (accusative plural)
cohorte (ablative singular)
cohortibus (ablative plural)
cohors (singular vocative)
cohortēs (plural vocative)

Catalan: cort; → cohort

→ English: cohort

Franco-Provençal: côrt

→ French: cohorte

Friulian: cort; → coorte

Galician: corte; → Galician: cohorte

desc

→ Byzantine Greek: κοόρτης (koórtēs), κοόρτη (koórtē), κόρτη (kórtē), κόρτης (kórtēs), κώρτη (kṓrtē), κώρτης (kṓrtēs), χόρτη (khórtē), χώρτη (khṓrtē)

desctree

→ Arabic: شُرْطَة (šurṭa)
→ Classical Syriac: ܫܘܽܪܛܳܐ (šurṭā), ܫܽܪܛܳܐ (šurṭā)

→ Romanian: cort

Italian: corte; → coorte

Occitan: cort; → coòrta

Old French: cort
French: cour
→ Middle English: court, cort, corte, cortt, courte, curt, curth
English: court (see there for further descendants)
Scots: court, coort

Portuguese: corte; → coorte

Romanian: curte; → cohortă

→ Russian: кого́рта (kogórta)

Sicilian: curti

Spanish: corte; → cohorte

→ Ukrainian: кого́рта (kohórta)

From Proto-Italic *kom + *horti-, the latter a ti-derivative of what is likely the same root underlying *hortos (“enclosure”). By surface analysis, co- + -hors.


inquisitor

la-noun

inquīsītor m (genitive inquīsītōris, feminine inquīsītrix); third declension

inquīsītor (canonical masculine)
inquīsītōris (genitive)
inquīsītrix (feminine)
inquīsītor (nominative singular)
inquīsītōrēs (nominative plural)
inquīsītōris (genitive singular)
inquīsītōrum (genitive plural)
inquīsītōrī (dative singular)
inquīsītōribus (dative plural)
inquīsītōrem (accusative singular)
inquīsītōrēs (accusative plural)
inquīsītōre (ablative singular)
inquīsītōribus (ablative plural)
inquīsītor (singular vocative)
inquīsītōrēs (plural vocative)

Catalan: inquisidor

Galician: inquisidor

Italian: inquisitore

Occitan: inquisidor

→ Old French: inquisiteur

French: inquisiteur

→ English: inquisitor

→ Portuguese: inquisidor

Russian: инквизи́тор (inkvizítor)

→ Spanish: inquisidor

[ɪŋkʷiːˈs̠iːt̪ɔr]

Agent noun of inquīrō (“inquire, investigate”) (past participle inquīsītus) + + -tor.


medicus

medicus m (genitive medicī); second declension

medicī (genitive)
medicus (nominative singular)
medicī (nominative plural)
medicī (genitive singular)
medicōrum (genitive plural)
medicō (dative singular)
medicīs (dative plural)
medicum (accusative singular)
medicōs (accusative plural)
medicō (ablative singular)
medicīs (ablative plural)
medice (singular vocative)
medicī (plural vocative)

Dalmatian:

medco

Italo-Romance:

desc

Italian: medico, medeco (regional variant); Medici

Neapolitan: miedeco

Sicilian: medicu

North Italian:

Friulian: miedi

Ligurian: mêgo

Romansch: medi, miedi, meidi

Venetan: medego, miedego

Gallo-Romance:

Catalan: metge

Franco-Provençal: mêjo

Old French: mege, miege, mirie, mire

French: mège, meige, mire (all archaic)

Walloon: méde

Occitan: mètge

Insular Romance:

Sardinian: medicu, meicu, megu, meigu

Ibero-Romance:

Asturian: mélicu

Ancient borrowings

→ Proto-Albanian: *mʲeðək

Albanian: mjek

→ Proto-Brythonic: *meðɨg

Breton: mezeg

Cornish: medhek

Welsh: meddyg

Later borrowings:

→ Aromanian: medicu

→ Dutch: medicus

→ English: medic

→ Polish: medyk

→ Portuguese: médico

→ Romanian: medic

→ Russian: медик (medik)

→ Spanish: médico

→ Asturian: médicu

[ˈmɛd̪ɪkʊs̠]

quod vespillo facit, fecerat et medicus.

Nuper erat medicus, nunc est vespillo Diaulus

(Lately was Diaulus a doctor, now he is an undertaker. What the undertaker now does the doctor too did before.) — Martial I.xlvii (translation by Walter Ker).


medicus

la-adj

mēdicus (feminine mēdica, neuter mēdicum); first/second-declension adjective

mēdicus (canonical)
mēdica (feminine)
mēdicum (neuter)
mēdicus (masculine nominative singular)
mēdica (feminine nominative singular)
mēdicum (neuter nominative singular)
mēdicī (masculine nominative plural)
mēdicae (feminine nominative plural)
mēdica (neuter nominative plural)
mēdicī (genitive masculine singular)
mēdicae (feminine genitive singular)
mēdicī (genitive neuter singular)
mēdicōrum (genitive masculine plural)
mēdicārum (feminine genitive plural)
mēdicōrum (genitive neuter plural)
mēdicō (dative masculine singular)
mēdicae (dative feminine singular)
mēdicō (dative neuter singular)
mēdicīs (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
mēdicum (accusative masculine singular)
mēdicam (accusative feminine singular)
mēdicum (accusative neuter singular)
mēdicōs (accusative masculine plural)
mēdicās (accusative feminine plural)
mēdica (accusative neuter plural)
mēdicō (ablative masculine singular)
mēdicā (ablative feminine singular)
mēdicō (ablative neuter singular)
mēdicīs (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
mēdice (masculine singular vocative)
mēdica (feminine singular vocative)
mēdicum (neuter singular vocative)
mēdicī (masculine plural vocative)
mēdicae (feminine plural vocative)
mēdica (neuter plural vocative)

⇒ Vulgar Latin: *melica

Catalan: melca, melga

Galician: melga

Spanish: mielga


sutor

la-noun

sūtor m (genitive sūtōris, feminine sūtrīx); third declension

sūtor (canonical masculine)
sūtōris (genitive)
sūtrīx (feminine)
sūtor (nominative singular)
sūtōrēs (nominative plural)
sūtōris (genitive singular)
sūtōrum (genitive plural)
sūtōrī (dative singular)
sūtōribus (dative plural)
sūtōrem (accusative singular)
sūtōrēs (accusative plural)
sūtōre (ablative singular)
sūtōribus (ablative plural)
sūtor (singular vocative)
sūtōrēs (plural vocative)

Old French: suor

Middle French: sueur

→ Proto-West Germanic: *sūtārī (see there for further descendants)

From suō (“I sew, stitch, join, fasten together”).

77, Pliny the Elder, Natural History, 35.86 http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/L/Roman/Texts/Pliny_the_Elder/35*.html (translation Eugene Ehrlich, Say It in Latin, →ISBN
Ne supra crepidam sutor iudicaret. — The cobbler should not judge above the sandal.


gubernator

gubernātor m (genitive gubernātōris, feminine gubernātrīx); third declension

gubernātor (canonical masculine)
gubernātōris (genitive)
gubernātrīx (feminine)
gubernātor (nominative singular)
gubernātōrēs (nominative plural)
gubernātōris (genitive singular)
gubernātōrum (genitive plural)
gubernātōrī (dative singular)
gubernātōribus (dative plural)
gubernātōrem (accusative singular)
gubernātōrēs (accusative plural)
gubernātōre (ablative singular)
gubernātōribus (ablative plural)
gubernātor (singular vocative)
gubernātōrēs (plural vocative)

Franco-Provençal: govèrnor

Gallo-Italic

Emilian: gvernatåur

Lombard: governatur

Piedmontese: guvernatur

Sicilian: governaturi

Italo-Dalmatian

Corsican: guvernatore, guvernadore

Italian: governatore

Istriot: guvarnadur

desctree

Old French: gouvreneur, governeor, governur
Middle French: gouverneur
French: gouverneur (see there for further descendants)
→ Middle Dutch: gouverneur
Dutch: gouverneur, goeverneur (before 1996)
Afrikaans: goewerneur
Negerhollands: guwerneer
→ Lokono: gouverneur
→ Indonesian: gubernur
Limburgish: goevernäör
→ German: Gouverneur
Norman: gouvernaeux, gouverneux (Guernsey), gouvèrneux (Jersey)
Walloon: gouverneûr
→ Middle English: governour, governor, governoure, governowre, governur
English: governor (see there for further descendants)
Scots: governour
Yola: governere

Old Occitan: governador

Occitan: governador

Old Catalan: governador

Catalan: governador

Rhaeto-Romance

Friulian: guviernadôr

Ladin: goernador

Romansch: guvernatur

Sabir: gobernator

Sardinian: cuberradore

West Iberian

Old Leonese:

Asturian: gobernador, gobernaor

Mirandese: gobernador

Old Galician-Portuguese: governador

Galician: gobernador

Portuguese: governador (see there for further descendants)

Old Spanish: gouernador

Ladino: gobernador

Spanish: gobernador (see there for further descendants)

→ Bulgarian: губернатор (gubernator)

→ English: gubernator

→ Georgian: გუბერნატორი (gubernaṭori)

→ Hindi: गवर्नर (gavarnar)

→ Latvian: gubernators

→ Macedonian: губернатор (gubernator)

→ Polish: gubernator

→ Ukrainian: губерна́тор (hubernátor)

→ Romanian: guvernator

→ Russian: губерна́тор (gubernátor)

→ Tajik: губернатор (gubernator)

[ɡʊbɛrˈnäːt̪ɔr]

From gubernō (“to pilot, govern”) + -tor.

In tranquillo esse quisque gubernator potest.

Unknown origin, often attributed to Publilius Syrus (1st Century BCE)

In a calm sea anyone can be the helmsman.


aedilis

la-noun

aedīlis m (genitive aedīlis); third declension

aedīlis (canonical masculine)
aedīlis (genitive)
aedīlis (nominative singular)
aedīlēs (nominative plural)
aedīlis (genitive singular)
aedīlium (genitive plural)
aedīlī (dative singular)
aedīlibus (dative plural)
aedīlem (accusative singular)
aedīlēs (accusative plural)
aedīlīs (accusative plural)
aedīlī (ablative singular)
aedīlibus (ablative plural)
aedīlis (singular vocative)
aedīlēs (plural vocative)

→ Catalan: edil (learned)

→ English: aedile

→ French: édile

→ German: Ädil

→ Ancient Greek: αἰδίλης (aidílēs)

→ Portuguese: edil

→ Spanish: edil

[äe̯ˈd̪iːlʲɪs̠]

From Proto-Italic *aiðīlis. See aedēs (“building”) (< Proto-Italic *aiðes, genitive of *aits, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éydʰ-s, from *h₂eydʰ- (“to ignite; fire”)).


exactor

exāctor m (genitive exāctōris); third declension

exāctor (canonical masculine)
exāctōris (genitive)
exāctor (nominative singular)
exāctōrēs (nominative plural)
exāctōris (genitive singular)
exāctōrum (genitive plural)
exāctōrī (dative singular)
exāctōribus (dative plural)
exāctōrem (accusative singular)
exāctōrēs (accusative plural)
exāctōre (ablative singular)
exāctōribus (ablative plural)
exāctor (singular vocative)
exāctōrēs (plural vocative)

Catalan: exactor

Galician: exactor

Italian: esattore

Portuguese: exator

Spanish: exactor

[ɛkˈs̠äːkt̪ɔr]


pictor

pictor m (genitive pictōris); third declension

pictōris (genitive)
pictor (nominative singular)
pictōrēs (nominative plural)
pictōris (genitive singular)
pictōrum (genitive plural)
pictōrī (dative singular)
pictōribus (dative plural)
pictōrem (accusative singular)
pictōrēs (accusative plural)
pictōre (ablative singular)
pictōribus (ablative plural)
pictor (singular vocative)
pictōrēs (plural vocative)

Friulian: pitôr

Italian: pittore

Neapolitan: pettore

Piedmontese: pitor

Venetan: pitór

Vulgar Latin: *pinctor

Asturian: pintor

Dalmatian: pentaur

Catalan: pintor

French: peintre

Galician: pintor

Occitan: pintor

Portuguese: pintor

Sicilian: pinturi

Spanish: pintor

→ Cebuano: pintor

→ Tagalog: pintor

Venetan: pentór

→ Romanian: pictor

Translingual: Beta Pictoris, Lophozozymus pictor

Consists of pic- + -tor. Latin pic- is the root of pingō (“paint, embroider”).


copa

cōpa f (genitive cōpae, masculine cōpō); first declension

cōpa (canonical feminine)
cōpae (genitive)
cōpō (masculine)
cōpa (nominative singular)
cōpae (nominative plural)
cōpae (genitive singular)
cōpārum (genitive plural)
cōpae (dative singular)
cōpīs (dative plural)
cōpam (accusative singular)
cōpās (accusative plural)
cōpā (ablative singular)
cōpīs (ablative plural)
cōpa (singular vocative)
cōpae (plural vocative)


ferrarius

ferrārius m (genitive ferrāriī or ferrārī); second declension

ferrārius (canonical masculine)
ferrāriī (genitive)
ferrārī (genitive)
ferrārius (nominative singular)
ferrāriī (nominative plural)
ferrāriī (genitive singular)
ferrārī (genitive singular)
ferrāriōrum (genitive plural)
ferrāriō (dative singular)
ferrāriīs (dative plural)
ferrārium (accusative singular)
ferrāriōs (accusative plural)
ferrāriō (ablative singular)
ferrāriīs (ablative plural)
ferrārie (singular vocative)
ferrāriī (plural vocative)

Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: hirar

Romanian: fierar

Italo-Romance

Italian: ferraio

Neapolitan: ferraro

Sicilian: firraru

Padanian:

Emilian: frèr, frar

Ligurian: ferâ, ferê, frè

Lombard: frer, ferer, farer

Piedmontese: fré

Venetan: feràr

Northern Gallo-Romance:

Old French: ferrier

French: ferrier (dated)

→ English: farrier

Southern Gallo-Romance:

Aragonese: ferrer, ferrero

Catalan: ferrer, farrer

→ Sardinian: ferreri, ferreli

Ibero-Romance:

Asturian: ferreru, ferreiru

Leonese: ferreiru

Galician: ferreiro

Portuguese: ferreiro

Old Spanish: ferrero

Spanish: herrero

Insular Romance

Sardinian: ferraxu, ferralzu


pollinctor

pollīnctor m (genitive pollīnctōris); third declension

pollīnctor (canonical masculine)
pollīnctōris (genitive)
pollīnctor (nominative singular)
pollīnctōrēs (nominative plural)
pollīnctōris (genitive singular)
pollīnctōrum (genitive plural)
pollīnctōrī (dative singular)
pollīnctōribus (dative plural)
pollīnctōrem (accusative singular)
pollīnctōrēs (accusative plural)
pollīnctōre (ablative singular)
pollīnctōribus (ablative plural)
pollīnctor (singular vocative)
pollīnctōrēs (plural vocative)

From pollingō (“wash a corpse in preparation for a funeral”) + -tor.

af

undertaker; a person who prepared corpses for a funeral.


archiater

la-noun

archīāter m (genitive archīātrī); second declension

archīāter (canonical masculine)
archīātrī (genitive)
archīāter (nominative singular)
archīātrī (nominative plural)
archīātrī (genitive singular)
archīātrōrum (genitive plural)
archīātrō (dative singular)
archīātrīs (dative plural)
archīātrum (accusative singular)
archīātrōs (accusative plural)
archīātrō (ablative singular)
archīātrīs (ablative plural)
archīāter (singular vocative)
archīātrī (plural vocative)

Catalan: arquiatre

French: archiatre

Galician: arquiatro

Italian: archiatra

Portuguese: arquiatro

→ Basque: atxeter

→ English: archiater

→ Finnish: arkkiatri

→ Swedish: arkiater

→ Proto-West Germanic: *arcijātārī (see there for further descendants)

[ärkʰiːˈäːt̪ɛr]

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἀρχιατρός (arkhiatrós), from ἀρχι- (arkhi-, “chief”) + ἰατρός (iatrós, “doctor”).

prefix

physician, especially a chief physician of a ruler.


scissor

la-noun

scissor m (genitive scissōris); third declension

scissōris (genitive)
scissor (nominative singular)
scissōrēs (nominative plural)
scissōris (genitive singular)
scissōrum (genitive plural)
scissōrī (dative singular)
scissōribus (dative plural)
scissōrem (accusative singular)
scissōrēs (accusative plural)
scissōre (ablative singular)
scissōribus (ablative plural)
scissor (singular vocative)
scissōrēs (plural vocative)

[ˈs̠kɪs̠ːɔr]

From scindō (“I cut, tear”) (supine scissum) + -tor (“-er”, agent noun suffix).

af

supine <i class="Latn mention" lang="la">scissum</i>

Processit statim scissor et ad symphoniam gesticulatus ita laceravit obsonium, ut putares essedarium hydraule cantante pugnare.

c. 27 CE – 66 CE, Petronius, Satyricon 36

The trancheur walked forward and signed in so concerted a manner while cutting the food that one believed that a chariot fought with a water-flute player.

trancheur, somebody who in a banquet cuts the foodstuffs

1ˢᵗ century BCE, Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum IX 466, which is a list of gladiators of the lanista Gaius Salvius Capito in Venusia
Ret[iarius] C[aius] Clodius
Scisso[r] M[arcus] Caecilius
the net fighter Gaius Clodius


caupo

la-noun

caupō m (genitive caupōnis, feminine caupōna); third declension

caupō (canonical masculine)
caupōnis (genitive)
caupōna (feminine)
caupō (nominative singular)
caupōnēs (nominative plural)
caupōnis (genitive singular)
caupōnum (genitive plural)
caupōnī (dative singular)
caupōnibus (dative plural)
caupōnem (accusative singular)
caupōnēs (accusative plural)
caupōne (ablative singular)
caupōnibus (ablative plural)
caupō (singular vocative)
caupōnēs (plural vocative)

desc

→ Proto-Germanic: *kaupô (“innkeeper; merchant”) (see there for further descendants)

Cognate with Ancient Greek κᾰ́πηλος (kápēlos), possibly from Pre-Greek, likely borrowed separately. A derivation of either from Proto-Indo-European *kʷreyh₂- (“to buy”), whence ἐπρῐάμην (epriámēn) as suppletive aorist of ὠνέομαι (ōnéomai, “to buy”), seems far-fetched. As Beekes mentions, Furnee offers Hittite 𒄩𒀊𒉺𒅈 (ḫappar, “purchase, price”) as a comparandum, in which case the IE derivation would be *h₃ep-, whence ops (“power”) and Homeric Ancient Greek ἀφνειός (aphneiós, “rich, wealthy”), although this is also speculative. Gemoll considers a connection to Ancient Greek κάπτω (káptō, “gulp down, snap”).


sculptor

la-noun

sculptor m (genitive sculptōris); third declension

sculptōris (genitive)
sculptor (nominative singular)
sculptōrēs (nominative plural)
sculptōris (genitive singular)
sculptōrum (genitive plural)
sculptōrī (dative singular)
sculptōribus (dative plural)
sculptōrem (accusative singular)
sculptōrēs (accusative plural)
sculptōre (ablative singular)
sculptōribus (ablative plural)
sculptor (singular vocative)
sculptōrēs (plural vocative)

Catalan: escultor

French: sculpteur

Friulian: scultôr

Galician: escultor

Italian: scultore

Lombard: scultor

Occitan: esculptor

Piedmontese: scultor

Portuguese: escultor

Romanian: sculptor

Russian: ску́льптор (skúlʹptor)

Spanish: escultor

[ˈs̠kʊɫ̪pt̪ɔr]


negotiator

negōtiātor m (genitive negōtiātōris); third declension

negōtiātor (canonical masculine)
negōtiātōris (genitive)
negōtiātor (nominative singular)
negōtiātōrēs (nominative plural)
negōtiātōris (genitive singular)
negōtiātōrum (genitive plural)
negōtiātōrī (dative singular)
negōtiātōribus (dative plural)
negōtiātōrem (accusative singular)
negōtiātōrēs (accusative plural)
negōtiātōre (ablative singular)
negōtiātōribus (ablative plural)
negōtiātor (singular vocative)
negōtiātōrēs (plural vocative)

Catalan: negociador

English: negotiator

French: négociateur

→ Romanian: negociator

Galician: negociador

Italian: negoziatore

Portuguese: negociador

Old Romanian: neguțător

Romanian: negustor

Spanish: negociador

[nɛɡoːt̪iˈäːt̪ɔr]


mercator

mercātor m (genitive mercātōris, feminine mercātrīx); third declension

mercātor (canonical masculine)
mercātōris (genitive)
mercātrīx (feminine)
mercātor (nominative singular)
mercātōrēs (nominative plural)
mercātōris (genitive singular)
mercātōrum (genitive plural)
mercātōrī (dative singular)
mercātōribus (dative plural)
mercātōrem (accusative singular)
mercātōrēs (accusative plural)
mercātōre (ablative singular)
mercātōribus (ablative plural)
mercātor (singular vocative)
mercātōrēs (plural vocative)

Old Galician-Portuguese: mercador

Portuguese: mercador

From mercor (“trade, deal in goods”) + -tor.


imperatrix

imperātrīx f (genitive imperātrīcis, masculine imperātor); third declension

imperātrīx (canonical feminine)
imperātrīcis (genitive)
imperātor (masculine)
imperātrīx (nominative singular)
imperātrīcēs (nominative plural)
imperātrīcis (genitive singular)
imperātrīcum (genitive plural)
imperātrīcī (dative singular)
imperātrīcibus (dative plural)
imperātrīcem (accusative singular)
imperātrīcēs (accusative plural)
imperātrīce (ablative singular)
imperātrīcibus (ablative plural)
imperātrīx (singular vocative)
imperātrīcēs (plural vocative)

desctree

Old French: empereriz, empereiz, emperice (Anglo-Norman)
→ Middle English: emperice
English: empress
Scots: empress

desc

→ Old Galician-Portuguese: emperadriz, emperadrix (semi-learned)

Galician: emperatriz (influenced by Latin)

Portuguese: imperatriz (influenced by Latin)

→ French: impératrice

→ Italian: imperatrice

→ Russian: императрица (imperatrica)

→ Old Spanish: emperatrix (semi-learned)

→ Spanish: emperatriz

From imperō (“to command, order”) + -trīx. Compare imperātor.


biologus

la-noun

biologus m (genitive biologī); second declension

biologī (genitive)
biologus (nominative singular)
biologī (nominative plural)
biologī (genitive singular)
biologōrum (genitive plural)
biologō (dative singular)
biologīs (dative plural)
biologum (accusative singular)
biologōs (accusative plural)
biologō (ablative singular)
biologīs (ablative plural)
biologe (singular vocative)
biologī (plural vocative)

[biˈɔɫ̪ɔɡʊs̠]


administra

administra f (genitive administrae, masculine administer); first declension

administrae (genitive)
administer (masculine)
administra (nominative singular)
administrae (nominative plural)
administrae (genitive singular)
administrārum (genitive plural)
administrae (dative singular)
administrīs (dative plural)
administram (accusative singular)
administrās (accusative plural)
administrā (ablative singular)
administrīs (ablative plural)
administra (singular vocative)
administrae (plural vocative)

[äd̪mɪˈnɪs̠t̪rä]

From administer (“assistant, helper, supporter”) + -a (feminine suffix).

af

assistant, helper, servant (female); handmaiden


procurator

la-noun

prōcūrātor m (genitive prōcūrātōris); third declension

prōcūrātor (canonical masculine)
prōcūrātōris (genitive)
prōcūrātor (nominative singular)
prōcūrātōrēs (nominative plural)
prōcūrātōris (genitive singular)
prōcūrātōrum (genitive plural)
prōcūrātōrī (dative singular)
prōcūrātōribus (dative plural)
prōcūrātōrem (accusative singular)
prōcūrātōrēs (accusative plural)
prōcūrātōre (ablative singular)
prōcūrātōribus (ablative plural)
prōcūrātor (singular vocative)
prōcūrātōrēs (plural vocative)

→ Catalan: procurador

→ German: Prokuratur

→ Hungarian: prokurátor (obsolete) → prókátor

→ Italian: procuratore

→ Old French: procuratour

→ Middle English: procuratour, proctour

English: procurator, proctor

French: procurateur

→ Old Irish: procatóir

Irish: prócadóir

→ Polish: prokurator

→ Portuguese: procurador

→ Romanian: procurator

→ Spanish: procurador

From prōcūrō (“I manage, administer”) + -tor.

tax collector (during the imperial eras)


custos

custōs m (genitive custōdis); third declension

custōs (canonical masculine)
custōdis (genitive)
custōs (nominative singular)
custōdēs (nominative plural)
custōdis (genitive singular)
custōdum (genitive plural)
custōdī (dative singular)
custōdibus (dative plural)
custōdem (accusative singular)
custōdēs (accusative plural)
custōde (ablative singular)
custōdibus (ablative plural)
custōs (singular vocative)
custōdēs (plural vocative)

Late Latin: custor (see there for further descendants)

→ English: custos

→ Finnish: kustos

→ German: Kustos

→ Italian: custode

→ Old French: custode

Middle French: custode

Of unclear ultimate origin. The mainstream etymology, proposed by Nowicki 1978, derives the word from a compound *kusto-sd- (“who sits near the hidden/near the treasure”), where the first element is cognate to Proto-Germanic *huzdą (“hidden treasure”) (also of uncertain etymology; see more at English hoard and below) and the second element is a reduced form of Proto-Indo-European *sed- (“to sit”). However, this etymology is disputed, and de Vaan is skeptical of it, with further discussion in the below box.
More information
One proposal derives *kusto- and *huzdą from *kudʰ-to-, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kewdʰ- (“to cover, wrap, encase”), from *(s)kewH- (“to cover, hide”), whence Ancient Greek κεύθω (keúthō, “to conceal”) and Old English hȳdan (“to hide, conceal, preserve”). But the derivation of Latin /st/ and Proto-Germanic *zd from PIE *dʰ-t is controversial. Some etymologists consider /st/ to be the regular outcome in Latin of PIE *dʰ-t, based on aestās and aestus; according to this view, the /ss/ found in participle forms such as iussus and fossus was introduced by analogy with forms built on stems ending in other dental consonants. But Michiel de Vaan argues that it is better to analyze /ss/ as the regular outcome of *dʰ-t, and the /st/ of aestās and aestus as an analogical reformation. Thus, De Vaan considers the /st/ in custos unexplained and the etymology unknown.
Oswald Szemerényi (1952/3 [1987]) alternatively derives the /st/ here and the *zd in Proto-Germanic *huzdą from PIE *sdʰ, tracing both back to a Proto-Indo-European *k(e)wsdʰo- (“palace, treasure house, treasure”). This etymology is accepted by Ringe 2006 who mentions Ancient Greek κύσθος (kústhos, “vulva”) as another cognate. However, Lubotsky 2004 finds this unconvincing and considers the regular outcome of *sdʰ in Latin to be a long vowel + /d/.


caupona

la-noun

caupōna f (genitive caupōnae, masculine caupō); first declension

caupōna (canonical feminine)
caupōnae (genitive)
caupō (masculine)
caupōna (nominative singular)
caupōnae (nominative plural)
caupōnae (genitive singular)
caupōnārum (genitive plural)
caupōnae (dative singular)
caupōnīs (dative plural)
caupōnam (accusative singular)
caupōnās (accusative plural)
caupōnā (ablative singular)
caupōnīs (ablative plural)
caupōna (singular vocative)
caupōnae (plural vocative)

[käu̯ˈpɔːnä]

From caupō (“tradesman, innkeeper, shopkeeper, tavern-keeper”) + -a (feminine suffix).

af

a female shopkeeper, landlady or hostess


cornicen

la-noun

cornicen m (genitive cornicinis); third declension

cornicinis (genitive)
cornicen (nominative singular)
cornicinēs (nominative plural)
cornicinis (genitive singular)
cornicinum (genitive plural)
cornicinī (dative singular)
cornicinibus (dative plural)
cornicinem (accusative singular)
cornicinēs (accusative plural)
cornicine (ablative singular)
cornicinibus (ablative plural)
cornicen (singular vocative)
cornicinēs (plural vocative)

From cornū (“bugle-horn, horn, trumpet”) + -cen (“player [of a musical instrument]”).

suf

bugler, hornblower, trumpeter, or corneter


grammaticus

la-noun

grammaticus m (genitive grammaticī); second declension

grammaticī (genitive)
grammaticus (nominative singular)
grammaticī (nominative plural)
grammaticī (genitive singular)
grammaticōrum (genitive plural)
grammaticō (dative singular)
grammaticīs (dative plural)
grammaticum (accusative singular)
grammaticōs (accusative plural)
grammaticō (ablative singular)
grammaticīs (ablative plural)
grammatice (singular vocative)
grammaticī (plural vocative)

Emilian: grammadgh

Ligurian: gramaigo (obsolete)

Old French: gramaire, gramare

→ Old Occitan: gramaire

Old Occitan: gramadi, gramavi

Romansch: garmadi

Old Spanish: gramatgo

Venetan: gramego (obsolete)

→ Catalan: gramàtic

→ Dutch: grammaticus

[ɡrämˈmät̪ɪkʊs̠]

Borrowed from Ancient Greek γραμματικός (grammatikós).

a grammar school or secondary school teacher of grammar (originally Latin or Greek)


lanius

lanius m (genitive laniī or lanī); second declension

laniī (genitive)
lanī (genitive)
lanius (nominative singular)
laniī (nominative plural)
laniī (genitive singular)
lanī (genitive singular)
laniōrum (genitive plural)
laniō (dative singular)
laniīs (dative plural)
lanium (accusative singular)
laniōs (accusative plural)
laniō (ablative singular)
laniīs (ablative plural)
lanī (singular vocative)
laniī (plural vocative)

Uncertain. De Vaan (2008) proposes Proto-Italic *lanios, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃lomH-io- (with unrounding of *o to /a/ after /l/, and palatalization of -mi- to -ni-), from Proto-Indo-European *lem(H)- (“to break”). On the other hand, Ernout and Meillet (1985) argue based on semantics that this word is more likely to be a derivative of the verb laniō (“rip up, tear to pieces”) than the reverse. Both dictionaries mention a hypothesis that this word could be of Etruscan origin (as lanista, which looks related, is alleged by Isidore to be from Etruscan), but De Vaan is reluctant to accept that as the origin.
Lewis 1889 supposes it could be derived from *lacnius, with the same root as Latin lacer (“torn, mangled”), lacinia (“edge, flap”) and Ancient Greek λᾰκίζω (lakízō, “to tear to pieces”) (from Proto-Indo-European *leh₂(-)k- (“to tear, rend”)), but the expected phonetic outcome of *lacn- according to Latin sound changes would be lagn-.


princeps

la-noun

prī̆nceps m or f (genitive prī̆ncipis); third declension

prī̆nceps (canonical feminine masculine)
prī̆ncipis (genitive)
prī̆nceps (nominative singular)
prī̆ncipēs (nominative plural)
prī̆ncipis (genitive singular)
prī̆ncipum (genitive plural)
prī̆ncipī (dative singular)
prī̆ncipibus (dative plural)
prī̆ncipem (accusative singular)
prī̆ncipēs (accusative plural)
prī̆ncipe (ablative singular)
prī̆ncipibus (ablative plural)
prī̆nceps (singular vocative)
prī̆ncipēs (plural vocative)

→ Albanian: pringj

→ Ancient Greek: πρῖγκιψ (prînkips)

Byzantine Greek: πρῖγκιψ (prînkips)

→ Greek: πρίγκιπας (prígkipas)

→ Basque: printze

Catalan: príncep

desctree

French: prince
→ English: prince, princess
→ Manx: prinse
→ Japanese: プリンス (purinsu), プリンセス (purinsesu)
→ Dutch: prins, prinses
→ Danish: prins, prinsesse
→ Swedish: prins, prinsessa
→ Finnish: prinssi, prinsessa
→ German: Prinz, Prinzessin
→ Russian: принц (princ), принцесса (princessa)
→ Serbo-Croatian: princ
→ Esperanto: princo
→ Icelandic: prins
→ Faroese: prinsur
→ Irish: prionsa
→ Luxembourgish: Prënz
→ Ottoman Turkish: پرَنْس (prens)
Turkish: prens
→ Persian: پرَنس (perans)
→ Romanian: prinț, prințesă
→ Latvian: princis, princese

Italian: principe

Old Occitan: prince

→ Portuguese: príncipe

Sicilian: prìncipi

→ Spanish: príncipe
→ Cebuano: prinsipe
→ Tagalog: prinsipe

→ German: Fürst (calque)
→ Danish: fyrste
→ Estonian: vürst
→ Icelandic: fursti
→ Latvian: firsts
→ Swedish: furste

→ Dutch: vorst (calque)

→ English: princeps

From Proto-Italic *priisemokaps by syncope. By surface analysis, prīmus (“first”) + -ceps (“catcher”). Compare Old English fruma (“chief, prince, ruler”).


bubulcus

la-noun

bubulcus m (genitive bubulcī); second declension

bubulcī (genitive)
bubulcus (nominative singular)
bubulcī (nominative plural)
bubulcī (genitive singular)
bubulcōrum (genitive plural)
bubulcō (dative singular)
bubulcīs (dative plural)
bubulcum (accusative singular)
bubulcōs (accusative plural)
bubulcō (ablative singular)
bubulcīs (ablative plural)
bubulce (singular vocative)
bubulcī (plural vocative)

Italian: bifolco

→ Albanian: bujk

[bʊˈbʊɫ̪kʊs̠]

From bōs (“ox”) + -bulcus (“-herd”), likely by analogy of subulcus.


rhetor

rhētor m (genitive rhētoris); third declension

rhētor (canonical masculine)
rhētoris (genitive)
rhētor (nominative singular)
rhētorēs (nominative plural)
rhētoris (genitive singular)
rhētorum (genitive plural)
rhētorī (dative singular)
rhētoribus (dative plural)
rhētorem (accusative singular)
rhētorēs (accusative plural)
rhētore (ablative singular)
rhētoribus (ablative plural)
rhētor (singular vocative)
rhētorēs (plural vocative)

→ English: rhetor

→ French: rhéteur

Italian: retore

Sicilian: rituri

→ Spanish: rétor


histrio

histriō m (genitive histriōnis); third declension

histriō (canonical masculine)
histriōnis (genitive)
histriō (nominative singular)
histriōnēs (nominative plural)
histriōnis (genitive singular)
histriōnum (genitive plural)
histriōnī (dative singular)
histriōnibus (dative plural)
histriōnem (accusative singular)
histriōnēs (accusative plural)
histriōne (ablative singular)
histriōnibus (ablative plural)
histriō (singular vocative)
histriōnēs (plural vocative)

→ English: histrion

→ French: histrion

→ Italian: istrione

→ Portuguese: histrião

→ Spanish: histrión

Unknown. Variant of hister, ister, which Livy in Ab urbe condita (7,2) claims to be an Etruscan word.


medica

medica f (genitive medicae); first declension

medicae (genitive)
medica (nominative singular)
medicae (nominative plural)
medicae (genitive singular)
medicārum (genitive plural)
medicae (dative singular)
medicīs (dative plural)
medicam (accusative singular)
medicās (accusative plural)
medicā (ablative singular)
medicīs (ablative plural)
medica (singular vocative)
medicae (plural vocative)


procerus

la-adj

prōcērus (feminine prōcēra, neuter prōcērum, comparative prōcērior); first/second-declension adjective

prōcērus (canonical)
prōcēra (feminine)
prōcērum (neuter)
prōcērior (comparative)
prōcērus (masculine nominative singular)
prōcēra (feminine nominative singular)
prōcērum (neuter nominative singular)
prōcērī (masculine nominative plural)
prōcērae (feminine nominative plural)
prōcēra (neuter nominative plural)
prōcērī (genitive masculine singular)
prōcērae (feminine genitive singular)
prōcērī (genitive neuter singular)
prōcērōrum (genitive masculine plural)
prōcērārum (feminine genitive plural)
prōcērōrum (genitive neuter plural)
prōcērō (dative masculine singular)
prōcērae (dative feminine singular)
prōcērō (dative neuter singular)
prōcērīs (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
prōcērum (accusative masculine singular)
prōcēram (accusative feminine singular)
prōcērum (accusative neuter singular)
prōcērōs (accusative masculine plural)
prōcērās (accusative feminine plural)
prōcēra (accusative neuter plural)
prōcērō (ablative masculine singular)
prōcērā (ablative feminine singular)
prōcērō (ablative neuter singular)
prōcērīs (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
prōcēre (masculine singular vocative)
prōcēra (feminine singular vocative)
prōcērum (neuter singular vocative)
prōcērī (masculine plural vocative)
prōcērae (feminine plural vocative)
prōcēra (neuter plural vocative)

→ English: procerus

→ Italian: procero

→ Portuguese: procero

→ Spanish: procero

From Proto-Indo-European *pro- (“toward, forward”) (compare Latin prōvincia) and *ḱer- (“grow”) (compare Latin crescō (“come forth, grow, arise, appear”)). See also Latin sincērus (“genuine, sincere”).

cog

(particularly military) The name of a company of tall soldiers, similar to grenadiers.


lecticarius

la-noun

lectīcārius m (genitive lectīcāriī or lectīcārī); second declension

lectīcārius (canonical masculine)
lectīcāriī (genitive)
lectīcārī (genitive)
lectīcārius (nominative singular)
lectīcāriī (nominative plural)
lectīcāriī (genitive singular)
lectīcārī (genitive singular)
lectīcāriōrum (genitive plural)
lectīcāriō (dative singular)
lectīcāriīs (dative plural)
lectīcārium (accusative singular)
lectīcāriōs (accusative plural)
lectīcāriō (ablative singular)
lectīcāriīs (ablative plural)
lectīcārie (singular vocative)
lectīcāriī (plural vocative)

[ɫ̪ɛkt̪iːˈkäːriʊs̠]

From lectīca (“litter”) + -ārius (“forming agent nouns”), from lectus (“bed, couch”) + -ica (“forming related nouns”), q.v.

af

A litter-bearer, typically an attractive slave well-dressed in red and particularly the public porters employed to carry funereal litters to gravesites under the late empire


legatio

la-noun

lēgātiō f (genitive lēgātiōnis); third declension

lēgātiō (canonical feminine)
lēgātiōnis (genitive)
lēgātiō (nominative singular)
lēgātiōnēs (nominative plural)
lēgātiōnis (genitive singular)
lēgātiōnum (genitive plural)
lēgātiōnī (dative singular)
lēgātiōnibus (dative plural)
lēgātiōnem (accusative singular)
lēgātiōnēs (accusative plural)
lēgātiōne (ablative singular)
lēgātiōnibus (ablative plural)
lēgātiō (singular vocative)
lēgātiōnēs (plural vocative)

English: legation

French: légation

Italian: legazione

Portuguese: legação

Romanian: legație

Spanish: legación

[ɫ̪eːˈɡäːt̪ioː]

From lēgō (“send with a commission”) + -tiō.


leno

lēnō m (genitive lēnōnis); third declension

lēnō (canonical masculine)
lēnōnis (genitive)
lēnō (nominative singular)
lēnōnēs (nominative plural)
lēnōnis (genitive singular)
lēnōnum (genitive plural)
lēnōnī (dative singular)
lēnōnibus (dative plural)
lēnōnem (accusative singular)
lēnōnēs (accusative plural)
lēnōne (ablative singular)
lēnōnibus (ablative plural)
lēnō (singular vocative)
lēnōnēs (plural vocative)

Italian: lenone

Spanish: lenón

Heus tu, leno, te volo. - Et ego te volo.

Ah there, pimp, I want you! - And I want you.


leno

la-verb

lēnō (present infinitive lēnāre, supine lēnātum); first conjugation, no perfect stem

lēnō (canonical)
lēnāre (infinitive present)
lēnātum (supine)
lēnō (active first-person indicative present singular)
lēnās (active indicative present second-person singular)
lēnat (active indicative present singular third-person)
lēnāmus (active first-person indicative plural present)
lēnātis (active indicative plural present second-person)
lēnant (active indicative plural present third-person)
lēnābam (active first-person imperfect indicative singular)
lēnābās (active imperfect indicative second-person singular)
lēnābat (active imperfect indicative singular third-person)
lēnābāmus (active first-person imperfect indicative plural)
lēnābātis (active imperfect indicative plural second-person)
lēnābant (active imperfect indicative plural third-person)
lēnābō (active first-person future indicative singular)
lēnābis (active future indicative second-person singular)
lēnābit (active future indicative singular third-person)
lēnābimus (active first-person future indicative plural)
lēnābitis (active future indicative plural second-person)
lēnābunt (active future indicative plural third-person)
lēnor (first-person indicative passive present singular)
lēnāris (indicative passive present second-person singular)
lēnāre (indicative passive present second-person singular)
lēnātur (indicative passive present singular third-person)
lēnāmur (first-person indicative passive plural present)
lēnāminī (indicative passive plural present second-person)
lēnantur (indicative passive plural present third-person)
lēnābar (first-person imperfect indicative passive singular)
lēnābāris (imperfect indicative passive second-person singular)
lēnābāre (imperfect indicative passive second-person singular)
lēnābātur (imperfect indicative passive singular third-person)
lēnābāmur (first-person imperfect indicative passive plural)
lēnābāminī (imperfect indicative passive plural second-person)
lēnābantur (imperfect indicative passive plural third-person)
lēnābor (first-person future indicative passive singular)
lēnāberis (future indicative passive second-person singular)
lēnābere (future indicative passive second-person singular)
lēnābitur (future indicative passive singular third-person)
lēnābimur (first-person future indicative passive plural)
lēnābiminī (future indicative passive plural second-person)
lēnābuntur (future indicative passive plural third-person)
lēnem (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
lēnēs (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
lēnet (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
lēnēmus (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
lēnētis (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
lēnent (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
lēnārem (active first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
lēnārēs (active imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
lēnāret (active imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
lēnārēmus (active first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
lēnārētis (active imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
lēnārent (active imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
lēner (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
lēnēris (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
lēnēre (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
lēnētur (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
lēnēmur (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
lēnēminī (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
lēnentur (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
lēnārer (first-person imperfect passive singular subjunctive)
lēnārēris (imperfect passive second-person singular subjunctive)
lēnārēre (imperfect passive second-person singular subjunctive)
lēnārētur (imperfect passive singular subjunctive third-person)
lēnārēmur (first-person imperfect passive plural subjunctive)
lēnārēminī (imperfect passive plural second-person subjunctive)
lēnārentur (imperfect passive plural subjunctive third-person)
lēnā (active imperative present second-person singular)
lēnāte (active imperative plural present second-person)
lēnātō (active future imperative second-person singular)
lēnātō (active future imperative singular third-person)
lēnātōte (active future imperative plural second-person)
lēnantō (active future imperative plural third-person)
lēnāre (imperative passive present second-person singular)
lēnāminī (imperative passive plural present second-person)
lēnātor (future imperative passive second-person singular)
lēnātor (future imperative passive singular third-person)
lēnantor (future imperative passive plural third-person)
lēnāre (active infinitive present)
lēnātūrum esse (active future infinitive)
lēnārī (infinitive passive present)
lēnātum esse (infinitive passive perfect)
lēnātum īrī (future infinitive passive)
lēnāns (active participle present)
lēnātūrus (active future participle)
lēnātus (participle passive perfect)
lēnandus (future participle passive)
lēnandī (genitive gerund noun-from-verb)
lēnandō (dative gerund noun-from-verb)
lēnandum (accusative gerund noun-from-verb)
lēnandō (ablative gerund noun-from-verb)
lēnātum (accusative noun-from-verb supine)
lēnātū (ablative noun-from-verb supine)


praetor

la-noun

praetor m (genitive praetōris); third declension

praetōris (genitive)
praetor (nominative singular)
praetōrēs (nominative plural)
praetōris (genitive singular)
praetōrum (genitive plural)
praetōrī (dative singular)
praetōribus (dative plural)
praetōrem (accusative singular)
praetōrēs (accusative plural)
praetōre (ablative singular)
praetōribus (ablative plural)
praetor (singular vocative)
praetōrēs (plural vocative)

Catalan: pretor

Galician: pretor

→ Byzantine Greek: πραίτωρ (praítōr)

→ Old Francoprovençal: pretor

Franco-Provençal: prétor

→ Old French: pretor

French: préteur

Italian: pretore

Portuguese: pretor

Spanish: pretor

For *praeitor, from Proto-Italic *praiitōr. Equal to praeeō + -tor.


musicus

mūsicus m (genitive mūsicī); second declension

mūsicus (canonical masculine)
mūsicī (genitive)
mūsicus (nominative singular)
mūsicī (nominative plural)
mūsicī (genitive singular)
mūsicōrum (genitive plural)
mūsicō (dative singular)
mūsicīs (dative plural)
mūsicum (accusative singular)
mūsicōs (accusative plural)
mūsicō (ablative singular)
mūsicīs (ablative plural)
mūsice (singular vocative)
mūsicī (plural vocative)

desctree

→ Dutch: musicus
Afrikaans: musikus
→ Indonesian: musikus
→ Indonesian: musisi (from the plural)

→ Galician: músico

→ German: Musikus

→ Hungarian: muzsikus

→ Polish: muzyk

→ Portuguese: músico

→ Spanish: músico

Borrowed from Ancient Greek μουσικός (mousikós).


nomenclator

la-noun

nōmenclātor m (genitive nōmenclātōris); third declension

nōmenclātor (canonical masculine)
nōmenclātōris (genitive)
nōmenclātor (nominative singular)
nōmenclātōrēs (nominative plural)
nōmenclātōris (genitive singular)
nōmenclātōrum (genitive plural)
nōmenclātōrī (dative singular)
nōmenclātōribus (dative plural)
nōmenclātōrem (accusative singular)
nōmenclātōrēs (accusative plural)
nōmenclātōre (ablative singular)
nōmenclātōribus (ablative plural)
nōmenclātor (singular vocative)
nōmenclātōrēs (plural vocative)

→ English: nomenclator

[noːmɛŋˈkɫ̪äːt̪ɔr]

From nōmen (“name”) + calō (“call together”) + -tor.

af

a slave who acted as receptionist, keeping track of the names of clients arriving to see his master


promus

la-adj

prōmus (feminine prōma, neuter prōmum); first/second-declension adjective

prōmus (canonical)
prōma (feminine)
prōmum (neuter)
prōmus (masculine nominative singular)
prōma (feminine nominative singular)
prōmum (neuter nominative singular)
prōmī (masculine nominative plural)
prōmae (feminine nominative plural)
prōma (neuter nominative plural)
prōmī (genitive masculine singular)
prōmae (feminine genitive singular)
prōmī (genitive neuter singular)
prōmōrum (genitive masculine plural)
prōmārum (feminine genitive plural)
prōmōrum (genitive neuter plural)
prōmō (dative masculine singular)
prōmae (dative feminine singular)
prōmō (dative neuter singular)
prōmīs (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
prōmum (accusative masculine singular)
prōmam (accusative feminine singular)
prōmum (accusative neuter singular)
prōmōs (accusative masculine plural)
prōmās (accusative feminine plural)
prōma (accusative neuter plural)
prōmō (ablative masculine singular)
prōmā (ablative feminine singular)
prōmō (ablative neuter singular)
prōmīs (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
prōme (masculine singular vocative)
prōma (feminine singular vocative)
prōmum (neuter singular vocative)
prōmī (masculine plural vocative)
prōmae (feminine plural vocative)
prōma (neuter plural vocative)

of or belonging to giving out, distributing


promus

la-noun

prōmus m (genitive prōmī); second declension

prōmus (canonical masculine)
prōmī (genitive)
prōmus (nominative singular)
prōmī (nominative plural)
prōmī (genitive singular)
prōmōrum (genitive plural)
prōmō (dative singular)
prōmīs (dative plural)
prōmum (accusative singular)
prōmōs (accusative plural)
prōmō (ablative singular)
prōmīs (ablative plural)
prōme (singular vocative)
prōmī (plural vocative)


obstetrix

obstetrīx f (genitive obstetrīcis); third declension

obstetrīx (canonical feminine)
obstetrīcis (genitive)
obstetrīx (nominative singular)
obstetrīcēs (nominative plural)
obstetrīcis (genitive singular)
obstetrīcum (genitive plural)
obstetrīcī (dative singular)
obstetrīcibus (dative plural)
obstetrīcem (accusative singular)
obstetrīcēs (accusative plural)
obstetrīce (ablative singular)
obstetrīcibus (ablative plural)
obstetrīx (singular vocative)
obstetrīcēs (plural vocative)

→ English: obstetrix (learned)

From obstō (“to stand before”) + -trix, or with the same elements.

Qui tu scis? an tu fortasse fuisti meae matri obstĕtrix, / qui id tam audacter dicere audes?

c. 200 BCE – 190 BCE, Plautus, Captivi 629, (trochaic septenarius)


agrimensor

agrīmēnsor m (genitive agrīmēnsōris); third declension

agrīmēnsor (canonical masculine)
agrīmēnsōris (genitive)
agrīmēnsor (nominative singular)
agrīmēnsōrēs (nominative plural)
agrīmēnsōris (genitive singular)
agrīmēnsōrum (genitive plural)
agrīmēnsōrī (dative singular)
agrīmēnsōribus (dative plural)
agrīmēnsōrem (accusative singular)
agrīmēnsōrēs (accusative plural)
agrīmēnsōre (ablative singular)
agrīmēnsōribus (ablative plural)
agrīmēnsor (singular vocative)
agrīmēnsōrēs (plural vocative)

Catalan: agrimensor

Italian: agrimensore

Portuguese: agrimensor

→ Romanian: agrimensor

Spanish: agrimensor

[äɡriːˈmẽːs̠ɔr]

ager (“territory”, “district”, “domain”; “productive land”, “a field”) + mēnsor (“a measurer”, “a surveyor”)

compound

a land surveyor (a professional who measures land, delineates property boundaries, etc.)


plumbarius

la-noun

plumbārius m (genitive plumbāriī or plumbārī); second declension

plumbārius (canonical masculine)
plumbāriī (genitive)
plumbārī (genitive)
plumbārius (nominative singular)
plumbāriī (nominative plural)
plumbāriī (genitive singular)
plumbārī (genitive singular)
plumbāriōrum (genitive plural)
plumbāriō (dative singular)
plumbāriīs (dative plural)
plumbārium (accusative singular)
plumbāriōs (accusative plural)
plumbāriō (ablative singular)
plumbāriīs (ablative plural)
plumbārie (singular vocative)
plumbāriī (plural vocative)

Catalan: plomer

Occitan: plombièr

desctree

Old French: plummier
→ English: plumber
→ Irish: pluiméir
→ Welsh: plymer
French: plombier

Portuguese: chumbeiro

Romanian: plumbar

Spanish: plomero

Venetan: pionber

[pɫ̪ʊmˈbäːriʊs̠]

From plumbum (“lead”) + -ārius (suffix forming relational adjectives and agent nouns).


auceps

la-noun

auceps m (genitive aucupis); third declension

aucupis (genitive)
auceps (nominative singular)
aucupēs (nominative plural)
aucupis (genitive singular)
aucupum (genitive plural)
aucupī (dative singular)
aucupibus (dative plural)
aucupem (accusative singular)
aucupēs (accusative plural)
aucupe (ablative singular)
aucupibus (ablative plural)
auceps (singular vocative)
aucupēs (plural vocative)

From Proto-Italic *awikaps. Equivalent to avis (“bird”) + -ceps (“catcher”).


satrapes

satrapēs m (genitive satrapis); third declension

satrapēs (canonical masculine)
satrapis (genitive)
satrapēs (nominative singular)
satrapēs (nominative plural)
satrapis (genitive singular)
satrapum (genitive plural)
satrapī (dative singular)
satrapibus (dative plural)
satrapem (accusative singular)
satrapēs (accusative plural)
satrape (ablative singular)
satrapibus (ablative plural)
satrapēs (singular vocative)
satrapēs (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek σατράπης (satrápēs). See there for more.

A satrap; a governor of a province, a viceroy among the Persians.


scriba

scrība m (genitive scrībae); first declension

scrība (canonical masculine)
scrībae (genitive)
scrība (nominative singular)
scrībae (nominative plural)
scrībae (genitive singular)
scrībārum (genitive plural)
scrībae (dative singular)
scrībīs (dative plural)
scrībam (accusative singular)
scrībās (accusative plural)
scrībā (ablative singular)
scrībīs (ablative plural)
scrība (singular vocative)
scrībae (plural vocative)

→ Catalan: escriba

Italian: scrivano

→ Italian: scriba

→ Occitan: escribe

Old French: escrivain

French: écrivain

→ Old French: scribe

→ English: scribe

French: scribe

Old Occitan: escrivan

Catalan: escrivà

Occitan: escrivan

Old Galician-Portuguese: escrivan

Galician: escribán

Portuguese: escrivão

→ Portuguese: escriba

Spanish: escribano

→ Spanish: escriba


popa

popa m (genitive popae); first declension

popae (genitive)
popa (nominative singular)
popae (nominative plural)
popae (genitive singular)
popārum (genitive plural)
popae (dative singular)
popīs (dative plural)
popam (accusative singular)
popās (accusative plural)
popā (ablative singular)
popīs (ablative plural)
popa (singular vocative)
popae (plural vocative)


popa

popa f (genitive popae); first declension

→ Portuguese: popa


mirmillo

mirmillō m (genitive mirmillōnis); third declension

mirmillō (canonical masculine)
mirmillōnis (genitive)
mirmillō (nominative singular)
mirmillōnēs (nominative plural)
mirmillōnis (genitive singular)
mirmillōnum (genitive plural)
mirmillōnī (dative singular)
mirmillōnibus (dative plural)
mirmillōnem (accusative singular)
mirmillōnēs (accusative plural)
mirmillōne (ablative singular)
mirmillōnibus (ablative plural)
mirmillō (singular vocative)
mirmillōnēs (plural vocative)

From Ancient Greek μόρμυλος (mórmulos), a variant of μορμύρος (mormúros, “striped seabream, Lithognathus mormyrus”).

a kind of gladiator, known for wearing a Gallic helmet with the image of a fish