tuba

la-noun

tuba f (genitive tubae); first declension

tubae (genitive)
tuba (nominative singular)
tubae (nominative plural)
tubae (genitive singular)
tubārum (genitive plural)
tubae (dative singular)
tubīs (dative plural)
tubam (accusative singular)
tubās (accusative plural)
tubā (ablative singular)
tubīs (ablative plural)
tuba (singular vocative)
tubae (plural vocative)

→ English: tuba

→ French: tuba

→ Galician: tuba

→ Italian: tuba

→ Russian: ту́ба (túba)

Possibly connected to tībia (“shinbone, reed-pipe”) with similarities in meaning and form.

(literally, music) long trumpet over 1 meter in length, especially war-trumpet

(transferred sense)
loud sound
sonorous, elevated epic poetry

(transferred sense)
loud sound
lofty style of speaking


bee

onomatopoeic

imitative

nec multo secus nostri ab eadem voce, sed ab alia litera. vox earum non me, sed bee sonare videtur.

116 BCE – 27 BCE, Marcus Terentius Varro, Agricultural Topics 2.1.7, (The spelling "be" is also read in this passage)


ad libitum

[äd̪ ˈlʲɪbɪt̪ʊ̃ˑ]

(music) at one's pleasure, allowing freedom to improvise, allowing variation from the printed notes or tempo.


musica

la-noun

mūsica f (genitive mūsicae); first declension

mūsica (canonical feminine)
mūsicae (genitive)
mūsica (nominative singular)
mūsicae (nominative plural)
mūsicae (genitive singular)
mūsicārum (genitive plural)
mūsicae (dative singular)
mūsicīs (dative plural)
mūsicam (accusative singular)
mūsicās (accusative plural)
mūsicā (ablative singular)
mūsicīs (ablative plural)
mūsica (singular vocative)
mūsicae (plural vocative)

Spanish: murga

Borrowings

→ Aragonese: mosica

→ Aromanian: muzicã

→ Asturian: música

→ Corsican: musica

→ Extremaduran: música

→ Franco-Provençal: musica

desctree

→ Old French: musique, musike
French: musique (see there for further descendants)
Norman: musique, mûsique (Jersey)
Picard: musique
Walloon: muzike
→ Middle English: musike, music, musice, musik, musique, musyk, musyke
English: music (see there for further descendants)
Scots: muisic

→ Friulian: musiche

→ Old High German: musica

Middle High German: music

Alemannic German: Musik

German: Musik

Hunsrik: Mussik

Kölsch: Musick

Mòcheno: musik

Vilamovian: müzik

Yiddish: מוזיק (muzik)

→ Italian: musica
→ Maltese: mużika, musika, mużka, mużga, muska (dialectal)
→ Serbo-Croatian: muzika / музика

→ Ligurian: muxica

→ Lombard: müsega

→ Mirandese: música

→ Neapolitan: museca

→ Old Occitan: muzica

Old Catalan: musica

Catalan: música

Occitan: musica, musico

→ Piedmontese: mùsica

→ Old Galician-Portuguese: musica

Portuguese: música
Papiamentu: musika
→ Tetum: muzika

Galician: música

→ Romanian: muzică

→ Romansch: musica

→ Sardinian: musica, musiga

→ Sicilian: mùsica

→ Old Spanish: musica

Spanish: música (see there for further descendants)

Ladino: muzika / מוזיקה

→ Venetan: mùxega (semi-learned)

Unsorted borrowings

→ Abkhaz: амузика (amuzikʼa)

→ Albanian: muzikë

→ Amharic: ሙዚቃ (muziḳa)

desc

→ Arabic: مُوسِيقَى (mūsīqā)

→ Arabic: مُوسِيقَى (mūsīqā) (see there for further descendants)

→ Banyumasan: musik

→ Bavarian: Musi

→ Bulgarian: музика (muzika)

→ Chuvash: мусӑк (mus̬ăk)

→ Cornish: musik

→ Czech: muzika (see there for further descendants)

→ Danish: musik

→ Dutch Low Saxon: meziek

→ Elfdalian: musik

→ Estonian: muusika

→ Faroese: musikkur

→ North Frisian: musiik

→ Saterland Frisian: Musik

→ Georgian: მუსიკა (musiḳa)

→ German Low German: Musik

→ Hebrew: מוזיקה (múzika)

→ Hungarian: muzsika

→ Icelandic: músík

→ Javanese: musik

→ Northern Kurdish: muzîk

→ Limburgish: meziek

→ Lingala: mizíki

→ Lithuanian: muzika

→ Malagasy: mozika

→ Norwegian: musikk

→ Northern Sami: musihkka

→ Oromo: muuziqaa

→ Ossetian: музыкӕ (muzykæ)

→ Pangasinan: musik

→ Samoan: mūsika

→ Samogitian: mozėka

→ Slovak: muzika

→ Somali: muusig

→ Lower Sorbian: muzika

→ Sundanese: musik

→ Swedish: musik
→ Finnish: musiikki

→ Tigrinya: ሙዚቃ (muziḳa)

→ Uyghur: مۇزىكا (muzika)

→ Võro: muusiga

→ Waray-Waray: musika

→ Zazaki: muzik

→ Zealandic: muziek

Borrowed from Ancient Greek μουσική (mousikḗ, “of a Muse”), derived from Μοῦσα (Moûsa, “Muse”).


symphonia

la-noun

symphōnia f (genitive symphōniae); first declension

symphōnia (canonical feminine)
symphōniae (genitive)
symphōnia (nominative singular)
symphōniae (nominative plural)
symphōniae (genitive singular)
symphōniārum (genitive plural)
symphōniae (dative singular)
symphōniīs (dative plural)
symphōniam (accusative singular)
symphōniās (accusative plural)
symphōniā (ablative singular)
symphōniīs (ablative plural)
symphōnia (singular vocative)
symphōniae (plural vocative)

Inherited:

>? Galician: chanfaina

desctree

Italian: zampogna
→ English: zampogna
→ Greek: τσαμπούνα (tsampoúna)
→ English: tsampouna

Piedmontese: ciamporgna

Portuguese: sanfona, sanfonha

>? Romanian: cimpoi, cimpoaie

→? Hungarian: csimpolya

Romansch: zampuogn

Spanish: zampoña

Borrowed:

→ Catalan: simfonia

→ Czech: symfonie

→ Dutch: symfonie
→ Indonesian: simfoni

→ Esperanto: simfonio

→ Finnish: sinfonia

desc

→ Galician: zanfona, zanfoña (semi-learned)

desctree

→ German: Symphonie
→ Hungarian: szimfónia
→ Serbo-Croatian: sìmfōnija /сѝмфо̄нија

→ Hunsrik: Sinfonie

→ Italian: sinfonia
→ English: sinfonia
→ Finnish: sinfonia (possibly)
→ German: Sinfonie
→ Icelandic: sinfónía

→ Old French: simphonie, sinfonie

French: symphonie, chifonie (see there for further descendants)

→ Middle English: symphonye (see there for further descendants)

→ Old Norse: symfonie, imfon, sinfon

Danish: symfoni

→ Polish: symfonia

→ Portuguese: sinfonia

→ Romanian: simfonie

→ Spanish: sinfonía

→ Translingual: Symphonia

From Ancient Greek συμφωνία (sumphōnía).

an agreement of sounds; a harmony, symphony


lyra

la-noun

lyra f (genitive lyrae); first declension

lyrae (genitive)
lyra (nominative singular)
lyrae (nominative plural)
lyrae (genitive singular)
lyrārum (genitive plural)
lyrae (dative singular)
lyrīs (dative plural)
lyram (accusative singular)
lyrās (accusative plural)
lyrā (ablative singular)
lyrīs (ablative plural)
lyra (singular vocative)
lyrae (plural vocative)

→ English: Lyra

→ English: lyra

→ French: lyre

→ Spanish: lira

‘septēna putāris, Plēiadum numerum, fīla dedisse lyrae’
‘‘you are thought to have given seven – the number of the Pleiads – strings to the lyre’’

(The muse Calliope credits Hermes/Mercury with inventing the lyre, and giving it seven strings to honor his mother Maia, eldest of the Pleiades (Greek mythology).)


cornu

cornū n (genitive cornūs); fourth declension

cornū (canonical neuter)
cornūs (genitive)
cornū (nominative singular)
cornua (nominative plural)
cornūs (genitive singular)
cornuum (genitive plural)
cornū (dative singular)
cornibus (dative plural)
cornū (accusative singular)
cornua (accusative plural)
cornū (ablative singular)
cornibus (ablative plural)
cornū (singular vocative)
cornua (plural vocative)

Aromanian: cornu

Asturian: cuernu

Catalan: corn

Dalmatian: cuarno

English: cornet, corn, -corn

Esperanto: korno

Franco-Provençal: côrna

French: cor, corne

Friulian: cuar

Galician: corno

Ido: korno

→ Irish: corn

Istriot: cuorno

Italian: corno

Old French: corn, corne

Portuguese: corno

Romanian: corn

Romansch: corn, corna

Sardinian: corru

Sicilian: cornu

Spanish: cuerno

Venetan: corno

→ Welsh: corn

Occitan: còrn

Inherited from Proto-Italic *kornū. Cognate with English horn, hirn; Ancient Greek κρᾱνίον (krāníon, “skull”), κέρας (kéras, “horn”); Sanskrit शृङ्ग (śṛ́ṅga, “horn, tusk”). See also cerebrum (“brain”), cervus (“deer”).

cog

musical instrument
musical instrument#English


pello

la-verb

pellō (present infinitive pellere, perfect active pepulī, supine pulsum); third conjugation

pellō (canonical)
pellere (infinitive present)
pepulī (active perfect)
pulsum (supine)
pellō (active first-person indicative present singular)
pellis (active indicative present second-person singular)
pellit (active indicative present singular third-person)
pellimus (active first-person indicative plural present)
pellitis (active indicative plural present second-person)
pellunt (active indicative plural present third-person)
pellēbam (active first-person imperfect indicative singular)
pellēbās (active imperfect indicative second-person singular)
pellēbat (active imperfect indicative singular third-person)
pellēbāmus (active first-person imperfect indicative plural)
pellēbātis (active imperfect indicative plural second-person)
pellēbant (active imperfect indicative plural third-person)
pellam (active first-person future indicative singular)
pellēs (active future indicative second-person singular)
pellet (active future indicative singular third-person)
pellēmus (active first-person future indicative plural)
pellētis (active future indicative plural second-person)
pellent (active future indicative plural third-person)
pepulī (active first-person indicative perfect singular)
pepulistī (active indicative perfect second-person singular)
pepulit (active indicative perfect singular third-person)
pepulimus (active first-person indicative perfect plural)
pepulistis (active indicative perfect plural second-person)
pepulērunt (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
pepulēre (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
pepuleram (active first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
pepulerās (active indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
pepulerat (active indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
pepulerāmus (active first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
pepulerātis (active indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
pepulerant (active indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
pepulerō (active first-person future indicative perfect singular)
pepuleris (active future indicative perfect second-person singular)
pepulerit (active future indicative perfect singular third-person)
pepulerimus (active first-person future indicative perfect plural)
pepuleritis (active future indicative perfect plural second-person)
pepulerint (active future indicative perfect plural third-person)
pellor (first-person indicative passive present singular)
pelleris (indicative passive present second-person singular)
pellere (indicative passive present second-person singular)
pellitur (indicative passive present singular third-person)
pellimur (first-person indicative passive plural present)
pelliminī (indicative passive plural present second-person)
pelluntur (indicative passive plural present third-person)
pellēbar (first-person imperfect indicative passive singular)
pellēbāris (imperfect indicative passive second-person singular)
pellēbāre (imperfect indicative passive second-person singular)
pellēbātur (imperfect indicative passive singular third-person)
pellēbāmur (first-person imperfect indicative passive plural)
pellēbāminī (imperfect indicative passive plural second-person)
pellēbantur (imperfect indicative passive plural third-person)
pellar (first-person future indicative passive singular)
pellēris (future indicative passive second-person singular)
pellēre (future indicative passive second-person singular)
pellētur (future indicative passive singular third-person)
pellēmur (first-person future indicative passive plural)
pellēminī (future indicative passive plural second-person)
pellentur (future indicative passive plural third-person)
pellam (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
pellās (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
pellat (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
pellāmus (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
pellātis (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
pellant (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
pellerem (active first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
pellerēs (active imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
pelleret (active imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
pellerēmus (active first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
pellerētis (active imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
pellerent (active imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
pepulerim (active first-person perfect singular subjunctive)
pepulerīs (active perfect second-person singular subjunctive)
pepulerit (active perfect singular subjunctive third-person)
pepulerīmus (active first-person perfect plural subjunctive)
pepulerītis (active perfect plural second-person subjunctive)
pepulerint (active perfect plural subjunctive third-person)
pepulissem (active first-person pluperfect singular subjunctive)
pepulissēs (active pluperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
pepulisset (active pluperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
pepulissēmus (active first-person pluperfect plural subjunctive)
pepulissētis (active pluperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
pepulissent (active pluperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
pellar (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
pellāris (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
pellāre (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
pellātur (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
pellāmur (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
pellāminī (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
pellantur (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
pellerer (first-person imperfect passive singular subjunctive)
pellerēris (imperfect passive second-person singular subjunctive)
pellerēre (imperfect passive second-person singular subjunctive)
pellerētur (imperfect passive singular subjunctive third-person)
pellerēmur (first-person imperfect passive plural subjunctive)
pellerēminī (imperfect passive plural second-person subjunctive)
pellerentur (imperfect passive plural subjunctive third-person)
pelle (active imperative present second-person singular)
pellite (active imperative plural present second-person)
pellitō (active future imperative second-person singular)
pellitō (active future imperative singular third-person)
pellitōte (active future imperative plural second-person)
pelluntō (active future imperative plural third-person)
pellere (imperative passive present second-person singular)
pelliminī (imperative passive plural present second-person)
pellitor (future imperative passive second-person singular)
pellitor (future imperative passive singular third-person)
pelluntor (future imperative passive plural third-person)
pellere (active infinitive present)
pellī (infinitive passive present)
pellēns (active participle present)
pulsūrum esse (active future infinitive)
pulsum īrī (future infinitive passive)
pulsūrus (active future participle)
pellendus (future participle passive)
pellundus (future participle passive)
pepulisse (active infinitive perfect)
pulsum esse (infinitive passive perfect)
pulsus (participle passive perfect)
pulsum fore (future infinitive passive perfect)
pulsūrum fuisse (active infinitive perfect potential)
pellendī (genitive gerund noun-from-verb)
pellendō (dative gerund noun-from-verb)
pellendum (accusative gerund noun-from-verb)
pellendō (ablative gerund noun-from-verb)
pulsum (accusative noun-from-verb supine)
pulsū (ablative noun-from-verb supine)

From Proto-Italic *pelnō or *pelnaō, a nasal-infix present derived from Proto-Indo-European *pelh₂- (“to drive, strike, thrust”). See Ancient Greek πάλλω (pállō), πελεμίζω (pelemízō, “shake, cause to tremble”), ψάλλω (psállō), Latin palpō. Unrelated to πέλω (pélō), which means "to stir."


lingua

la-noun

lingua f (genitive linguae); first declension

linguae (genitive)
lingua (nominative singular)
linguae (nominative plural)
linguae (genitive singular)
linguārum (genitive plural)
linguae (dative singular)
linguīs (dative plural)
linguam (accusative singular)
linguās (accusative plural)
linguā (ablative singular)
linguīs (ablative plural)
lingua (singular vocative)
linguae (plural vocative)

Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: limbã

Istro-Romanian: limbĕ

Megleno-Romanian: limbă

Romanian: limbă

Dalmatian:

langa, luanga

Italo-Romance:

Corsican: lingua

desctree

Italian: lingua, lengua
→ Greek: λίγκα (lígka)
→ Maltese: lingwa
→? Sabir: lingua

⇒ Italian: linguine (see there for further descendants)

Neapolitan: lengua, lenga

Sicilian: lingua

North Italian:

Gallo-Italic:

Emilian: längua

Ligurian: lengua

Lombard: lengua

Piedmontese: lenga

Romagnol: lèngva

Rhaeto-Romance:

Friulian: lenghe

Ladin: lënga

desc

Romansch: lieunga, lengua, glianga, laungia, leua

Istriot: lèngua, lengua, laèngua

Venetan: łéngua, łéngoa, léngoa, lengoa, léngua

Gallo-Romance:

Franco-Provençal: lengoua

desctree

Old French: langue, lingue, lengue
Middle French: langue
French: langue (see there for further descendants)
Champenois: laingue
Franc-Comtois: landye
Norman: laungue
Picard: lingue
Poitevin-Saintongeais: lengue
Walloon: linwe

Occitano-Romance:

Old Catalan: lengua

Catalan: llengua

Old Occitan: lengua, lenga
Occitan: lenga
Gascon: lengua
Limousin: linga
Provençal: lengo, lenguo

Ibero-Romance:

desc

Aragonese: luenga (with metathesis of /w/)

Old Leonese:

Asturian: llingua, llengua, lluengua (Eastern Asturias), ḷḷingua, ḷḷuinga (Ayer), chingua (Valdés), chengua (Valdés), yuönga (Cabrales)

Extremaduran: luenga

Leonese: llingua

Mirandese: lhéngua

desctree

Old Galician-Portuguese: lingua, lengua, lingoa, lengoa
Fala: lengua
Galician: lingua
Portuguese: língua (see there for further descendants)

Old Spanish: lengua

Ladino: לינגוה / lengua, lingua

Spanish: lengua
Chavacano: lengua
Papiamentu: lenga

Insular Romance:

desc

Sardinian: limba (Logudorese), lingua (Campidanese)

Borrowings:

→ English: lingua

→ Esperanto: lingvo

From older dingua (attested as a rare word in Gaius Marius Victorinus), from Proto-Italic *denɣwā, from Proto-Indo-European *dn̥ǵʰwéh₂s. The change of d- to l- is variously explained by a borrowing from another Italic language with such a shift and/or by a folk-etymological association with the verb lingō (“to lick”); compare Old Armenian լեզու (lezu) and Lithuanian liežùvis for the latter process. Other cognates include German Zunge and English tongue.

[…], Latinam linguam non modo non inopem, ut vulgo putarent, sed locupletiorem etiam esse quam Graecam.

45 BCE, Cicero, De finibus bonorum et malorum 1.10

[…], the Latin language, so far from having a poor vocabulary, as is commonly supposed, is actually richer than the Greek.

(metonymically) a tongue, utterance, language, speech

[…] illis non verborum modo, sed linguarum etiam inter se differentium copia est.

c. 35 CE – 100 CE, Quintilian, Institutio Oratoria 12.10.34

they [the Greeks] have not merely abundance of words, but they have also a number of different dialects.

(post-classical) a dialect, idiom or mode of speech

a tongue, utterance, language, speech
the tongue or language of a people
a dialect, idiom or mode of speech

volucrum linguas et praepetis omina pennae

the language of birds and the omens of their wings in flight

(poetic, of animals) a voice, note, song, bark, etc.

a tongue, utterance, language, speech
a voice, note, song, bark, etc.

protinus enim potest interpretationem linguae secretioris, quas Graeci γλώσσας vocant

c. 35 CE – 100 CE, Quintilian, Institutio Oratoria 1.1.35

He can readily learn the explanations or glosses, as the Greeks call them, of the more obscure words by the way

a tongue, utterance, language, speech
an utterance, expression

saepe illī dīxerat Almō ‘nāta, tenē linguam,’ nec tamen illa tenet.
Many a time had Almo said to her, ‘‘Daughter, hold your tongue,’’ and yet she did not hold it.
(The river deity Almo (god) and his daughter, whom Ovid identifies as the Naiad Lara, otherwise known in ancient mythology as Larunda or Dea Tacita. The name of the ever-talkative Lara – a repeated syllable, as in ‘‘la-la’’ – echoes the Greek λαλεῖν, to talk, chat, prattle, speak.)

to hold one's tongue (linguam comprimere, linguam tenēre)

[…], largus opum et lingua melior, sed frigida bello dextera, […]

[…]: lavish of his wealth, and a better speaker, but with a hand frozen in battle: […]

[…] homines repertos qui sonum earum addita in transversas harundines aqua foramen inspirantes linguave parva aliqua opposita mora indiscreta redderent similitudine.

c. 77 CE – 79 CE, Pliny the Elder, Naturalis Historia 10.84

[…] there have been found persons who could reproduce the birds' song with an indistinguishable resemblence by putting water into slanted reeds and breathing into the holes or by applying some slight check with the tongue.

(music) the tongue or reed of a Roman tibiae

tongue-shaped things:
the tongue or reed of a Roman tibiae


sono

la-verb

sonō (present infinitive sonāre, perfect active sonuī, supine sonitum); first conjugation

sonō (canonical)
sonāre (infinitive present)
sonuī (active perfect)
sonitum (supine)
sonō (active first-person indicative present singular)
sonās (active indicative present second-person singular)
sonat (active indicative present singular third-person)
sonāmus (active first-person indicative plural present)
sonātis (active indicative plural present second-person)
sonant (active indicative plural present third-person)
sonābam (active first-person imperfect indicative singular)
sonābās (active imperfect indicative second-person singular)
sonābat (active imperfect indicative singular third-person)
sonābāmus (active first-person imperfect indicative plural)
sonābātis (active imperfect indicative plural second-person)
sonābant (active imperfect indicative plural third-person)
sonābō (active first-person future indicative singular)
sonābis (active future indicative second-person singular)
sonābit (active future indicative singular third-person)
sonābimus (active first-person future indicative plural)
sonābitis (active future indicative plural second-person)
sonābunt (active future indicative plural third-person)
sonuī (active first-person indicative perfect singular)
sonuistī (active indicative perfect second-person singular)
sonuit (active indicative perfect singular third-person)
sonuimus (active first-person indicative perfect plural)
sonuistis (active indicative perfect plural second-person)
sonuērunt (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
sonuēre (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
sonueram (active first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
sonuerās (active indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
sonuerat (active indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
sonuerāmus (active first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
sonuerātis (active indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
sonuerant (active indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
sonuerō (active first-person future indicative perfect singular)
sonueris (active future indicative perfect second-person singular)
sonuerit (active future indicative perfect singular third-person)
sonuerimus (active first-person future indicative perfect plural)
sonueritis (active future indicative perfect plural second-person)
sonuerint (active future indicative perfect plural third-person)
sonor (first-person indicative passive present singular)
sonāris (indicative passive present second-person singular)
sonāre (indicative passive present second-person singular)
sonātur (indicative passive present singular third-person)
sonāmur (first-person indicative passive plural present)
sonāminī (indicative passive plural present second-person)
sonantur (indicative passive plural present third-person)
sonābar (first-person imperfect indicative passive singular)
sonābāris (imperfect indicative passive second-person singular)
sonābāre (imperfect indicative passive second-person singular)
sonābātur (imperfect indicative passive singular third-person)
sonābāmur (first-person imperfect indicative passive plural)
sonābāminī (imperfect indicative passive plural second-person)
sonābantur (imperfect indicative passive plural third-person)
sonābor (first-person future indicative passive singular)
sonāberis (future indicative passive second-person singular)
sonābere (future indicative passive second-person singular)
sonābitur (future indicative passive singular third-person)
sonābimur (first-person future indicative passive plural)
sonābiminī (future indicative passive plural second-person)
sonābuntur (future indicative passive plural third-person)
sonem (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
sonēs (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
sonet (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
sonēmus (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
sonētis (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
sonent (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
sonārem (active first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
sonārēs (active imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
sonāret (active imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
sonārēmus (active first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
sonārētis (active imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
sonārent (active imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
sonuerim (active first-person perfect singular subjunctive)
sonuerīs (active perfect second-person singular subjunctive)
sonuerit (active perfect singular subjunctive third-person)
sonuerīmus (active first-person perfect plural subjunctive)
sonuerītis (active perfect plural second-person subjunctive)
sonuerint (active perfect plural subjunctive third-person)
sonuissem (active first-person pluperfect singular subjunctive)
sonuissēs (active pluperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
sonuisset (active pluperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
sonuissēmus (active first-person pluperfect plural subjunctive)
sonuissētis (active pluperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
sonuissent (active pluperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
soner (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
sonēris (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
sonēre (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
sonētur (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
sonēmur (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
sonēminī (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
sonentur (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
sonārer (first-person imperfect passive singular subjunctive)
sonārēris (imperfect passive second-person singular subjunctive)
sonārēre (imperfect passive second-person singular subjunctive)
sonārētur (imperfect passive singular subjunctive third-person)
sonārēmur (first-person imperfect passive plural subjunctive)
sonārēminī (imperfect passive plural second-person subjunctive)
sonārentur (imperfect passive plural subjunctive third-person)
sonā (active imperative present second-person singular)
sonāte (active imperative plural present second-person)
sonātō (active future imperative second-person singular)
sonātō (active future imperative singular third-person)
sonātōte (active future imperative plural second-person)
sonantō (active future imperative plural third-person)
sonāre (imperative passive present second-person singular)
sonāminī (imperative passive plural present second-person)
sonātor (future imperative passive second-person singular)
sonātor (future imperative passive singular third-person)
sonantor (future imperative passive plural third-person)
sonāre (active infinitive present)
sonārī (infinitive passive present)
sonāns (active participle present)
sonitūrum esse (active future infinitive)
sonitum īrī (future infinitive passive)
sonitūrus (active future participle)
sonandus (future participle passive)
sonuisse (active infinitive perfect)
sonitum esse (infinitive passive perfect)
sonitus (participle passive perfect)
sonitum fore (future infinitive passive perfect)
sonitūrum fuisse (active infinitive perfect potential)
sonandī (genitive gerund noun-from-verb)
sonandō (dative gerund noun-from-verb)
sonandum (accusative gerund noun-from-verb)
sonandō (ablative gerund noun-from-verb)
sonitum (accusative noun-from-verb supine)
sonitū (ablative noun-from-verb supine)

Aromanian: asun, asunari

Asturian: sonar

Catalan: sonar

Dalmatian: sonur

English: sonant, sound, sonnet

French: sonner

Friulian: sunâ

Galician: soar

Italian: suonare, sonare

Lombard: sonà

Neapolitan: sonare

Occitan: sonar

Piedmontese: soné

Portuguese: soar

Romanian: suna, sunare

Romansch: sunar, suner

Sardinian: sonai, sonare

Sicilian: sunari

Spanish: sonar

Venetan: sonar

From Proto-Italic *swonaō, from Proto-Indo-European *swenh₂- (“to sound, resound”); cognate to Sanskrit स्वनति (svanati, “to sound, resound”), Proto-Slavic *zvoniti (“to ring”).

cog

… tēla sonant umerīs ….
[Apollo:] arrows rattle [in the quiver] on his shoulder ….
(The sonic detail of arrows rattling as if eager to fly also implies that Apollo is “arcitenens”: bow-carrying. Cf. Iliad, 1.46: ἔκλαγξαν δ’ ἄρ’ ὀϊστοὶ ἐπ’ ὤμων χωομένοιο, …. — Arrows clatter on the shoulders of the angry god, ….)

(intransitive) to sound, resound, make a sound or noise (and various sounds in-context)


clarus

la-adj

clārus (feminine clāra, neuter clārum, comparative clārior, superlative clārissimus, adverb clārē); first/second-declension adjective

clārus (canonical)
clāra (feminine)
clārum (neuter)
clārior (comparative)
clārissimus (superlative)
clārē (adverb)
clārus (masculine nominative singular)
clāra (feminine nominative singular)
clārum (neuter nominative singular)
clārī (masculine nominative singular)
clārae (feminine nominative plural)
clāra (neuter nominative plural)
clārī (genitive masculine singular)
clārae (feminine genitive singular)
clārī (genitive neuter singular)
clārōrum (genitive masculine singular)
clārārum (feminine genitive plural)
clārōrum (genitive neuter plural)
clārō (dative masculine singular)
clārae (dative feminine singular)
clārō (dative neuter singular)
clārīs (dative feminine masculine neuter)
clārum (accusative masculine singular)
clāram (accusative feminine singular)
clārum (accusative neuter singular)
clārōs (accusative masculine singular)
clārās (accusative feminine plural)
clāra (accusative neuter plural)
clārō (ablative masculine singular)
clārā (ablative feminine singular)
clārō (ablative neuter singular)
clārīs (ablative feminine masculine neuter)
clāre (masculine singular vocative)
clāra (feminine singular vocative)
clārum (neuter singular vocative)
clārī (masculine singular vocative)
clārae (feminine plural vocative)
clāra (neuter plural vocative)

Balkan-Romance:

Istro-Romanian: cľår

Romanian: chiar

→ Romanian: clar

Italo-Romance:

Italian: chiaro

Sicilian: chiaru, ciaru

Padanian:

Friulian: clâr

Emilian: cèr, ciär

Ligurian: ciæo

Lombard: ciar, cèr

Piedmontese: ciair, cèir, cèr

Romansch: clar, cler

Northern Gallo-Romance:

Franco-Provençal: cllâr

Old French: cler

French: clair

→ Middle English: clere

→ English: clear

→ Scots: clair

→ Middle Dutch: claer

→ Dutch: klaar

→ Middle Low German: klār

→ German: klar

Old Norse: klárr

Danish: klar

Norwegian Bokmål: klar

Norwegian Nynorsk: klar, klår

Swedish: klar

Southern Gallo-Romance:

Aragonese: claro

Belsetán: clar

Benasqués: cllaro

Catalan: clar; cllar (northwestern)

Old Occitan: clar

Occitan: clar

Ibero-romance:

Asturian: claru

Leonese: craru

Old Galician-Portuguese: claro, craro

Galician: claro, craro

Portuguese: claro

Spanish: claro

Insular Romance:

Sardinian: craru

→ Albanian: qartë

[ˈkɫ̪äːrʊs̠]

From Proto-Indo-European *kelh₁- (“to call, shout”), probably via Proto-Indo-European *kl̥h₁rós and Proto-Italic *klāros (“loud”), containing the suffix *-ros (compare Latin -er postconsonantally). Cognate with Latin calō, clāmō, classis, concilium, Ancient Greek καλέω (kaléō), and particularly German hell (“clear, bright”).


contratenor altus

la-noun

contrātenor altus m (genitive contrātenōris altī); third declension

contrātenor altus (canonical masculine)
contrātenōris altī (genitive)
contrātenor altus (nominative singular)
contrātenōrēs altī (nominative plural)
contrātenōris altī (genitive singular)
contrātenōrum altōrum (genitive plural)
contrātenōrī altō (dative singular)
contrātenōribus altīs (dative plural)
contrātenōrem altum (accusative singular)
contrātenōrēs altōs (accusative plural)
contrātenōre altō (ablative singular)
contrātenōribus altīs (ablative plural)
contrātenor alte (singular vocative)
contrātenōrēs altī (plural vocative)

(music) High countermelody sung against the tenor or main melody.


cantor

cantor m (genitive cantōris, feminine cantrīx); third declension

cantōris (genitive)
cantrīx (feminine)
cantor (nominative singular)
cantōrēs (nominative plural)
cantōris (genitive singular)
cantōrum (genitive plural)
cantōrī (dative singular)
cantōribus (dative plural)
cantōrem (accusative singular)
cantōrēs (accusative plural)
cantōre (ablative singular)
cantōribus (ablative plural)
cantor (singular vocative)
cantōrēs (plural vocative)

Asturian: cantor

Catalan: cantor

Champenois: chantou

English: cantor

Franc-Comtois: tchaintou

French: chantre, chanteur

Friulian: cjantôr

Galician: cantor

Italian: cantore

Norman: chanteux

Portuguese: cantor

Romanian: cantor

Sardinian: cantore, cantori

Spanish: cantor

Swedish: kantor

Venetan: cantor

Walloons: tchanteu

vel audire possum ultra vocem cantorum atque cantricum?

Can I still hear the voices of male and female singers?


crocio

la-verb

crociō (present infinitive crocīre); fourth conjugation, no passive, no perfect or supine stems

crociō (canonical)
no passive (canonical)
supine stems (canonical)
crocīre (infinitive present)
crociō (active first-person indicative present singular)
crocīs (active indicative present second-person singular)
crocit (active indicative present singular third-person)
crocīmus (active first-person indicative plural present)
crocītis (active indicative plural present second-person)
crociunt (active indicative plural present third-person)
crociēbam (active first-person imperfect indicative singular)
crociēbās (active imperfect indicative second-person singular)
crociēbat (active imperfect indicative singular third-person)
crociēbāmus (active first-person imperfect indicative plural)
crociēbātis (active imperfect indicative plural second-person)
crociēbant (active imperfect indicative plural third-person)
crociam (active first-person future indicative singular)
crociēs (active future indicative second-person singular)
crociet (active future indicative singular third-person)
crociēmus (active first-person future indicative plural)
crociētis (active future indicative plural second-person)
crocient (active future indicative plural third-person)
crociam (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
crociās (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
crociat (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
crociāmus (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
crociātis (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
crociant (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
crocīrem (active first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
crocīrēs (active imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
crocīret (active imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
crocīrēmus (active first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
crocīrētis (active imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
crocīrent (active imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
crocī (active imperative present second-person singular)
crocīte (active imperative plural present second-person)
crocītō (active future imperative second-person singular)
crocītō (active future imperative singular third-person)
crocītōte (active future imperative plural second-person)
crociuntō (active future imperative plural third-person)
crocīre (active infinitive present)
crociēns (active participle present)
crociendī (genitive gerund noun-from-verb)
crociendō (dative gerund noun-from-verb)
crociendum (accusative gerund noun-from-verb)
crociendō (ablative gerund noun-from-verb)

From Proto-Italic *krok-, from imitative Proto-Indo-European *k(V)r-, related to several other Indo-European words such as Lithuanian kriõkti (“to rattle, grunt”), Sanskrit कृकर (kṛkara, “partridge”), Ancient Greek κρώζω (krṓzō). See also cornīx (“crow”), corvus (“raven”).

onomatopoeic

imitative


unco

la-verb

uncō (present infinitive uncāre); first conjugation, no passive, no perfect or supine stems

uncō (canonical)
no passive (canonical)
supine stems (canonical)
uncāre (infinitive present)
uncō (active first-person indicative present singular)
uncās (active indicative present second-person singular)
uncat (active indicative present singular third-person)
uncāmus (active first-person indicative plural present)
uncātis (active indicative plural present second-person)
uncant (active indicative plural present third-person)
uncābam (active first-person imperfect indicative singular)
uncābās (active imperfect indicative second-person singular)
uncābat (active imperfect indicative singular third-person)
uncābāmus (active first-person imperfect indicative plural)
uncābātis (active imperfect indicative plural second-person)
uncābant (active imperfect indicative plural third-person)
uncābō (active first-person future indicative singular)
uncābis (active future indicative second-person singular)
uncābit (active future indicative singular third-person)
uncābimus (active first-person future indicative plural)
uncābitis (active future indicative plural second-person)
uncābunt (active future indicative plural third-person)
uncem (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
uncēs (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
uncet (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
uncēmus (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
uncētis (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
uncent (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
uncārem (active first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
uncārēs (active imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
uncāret (active imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
uncārēmus (active first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
uncārētis (active imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
uncārent (active imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
uncā (active imperative present second-person singular)
uncāte (active imperative plural present second-person)
uncātō (active future imperative second-person singular)
uncātō (active future imperative singular third-person)
uncātōte (active future imperative plural second-person)
uncantō (active future imperative plural third-person)
uncāre (active infinitive present)
uncāns (active participle present)
uncandī (genitive gerund noun-from-verb)
uncandō (dative gerund noun-from-verb)
uncandum (accusative gerund noun-from-verb)
uncandō (ablative gerund noun-from-verb)


hirrio

hirriō (present infinitive hirrīre); fourth conjugation, no passive, no perfect or supine stems

hirriō (canonical)
no passive (canonical)
supine stems (canonical)
hirrīre (infinitive present)
hirriō (active first-person indicative present singular)
hirrīs (active indicative present second-person singular)
hirrit (active indicative present singular third-person)
hirrīmus (active first-person indicative plural present)
hirrītis (active indicative plural present second-person)
hirriunt (active indicative plural present third-person)
hirriēbam (active first-person imperfect indicative singular)
hirriēbās (active imperfect indicative second-person singular)
hirriēbat (active imperfect indicative singular third-person)
hirriēbāmus (active first-person imperfect indicative plural)
hirriēbātis (active imperfect indicative plural second-person)
hirriēbant (active imperfect indicative plural third-person)
hirriam (active first-person future indicative singular)
hirriēs (active future indicative second-person singular)
hirriet (active future indicative singular third-person)
hirriēmus (active first-person future indicative plural)
hirriētis (active future indicative plural second-person)
hirrient (active future indicative plural third-person)
hirriam (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
hirriās (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
hirriat (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
hirriāmus (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
hirriātis (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
hirriant (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
hirrīrem (active first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
hirrīrēs (active imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
hirrīret (active imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
hirrīrēmus (active first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
hirrīrētis (active imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
hirrīrent (active imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
hirrī (active imperative present second-person singular)
hirrīte (active imperative plural present second-person)
hirrītō (active future imperative second-person singular)
hirrītō (active future imperative singular third-person)
hirrītōte (active future imperative plural second-person)
hirriuntō (active future imperative plural third-person)
hirrīre (active infinitive present)
hirriēns (active participle present)
hirriendī (genitive gerund noun-from-verb)
hirriendō (dative gerund noun-from-verb)
hirriendum (accusative gerund noun-from-verb)
hirriendō (ablative gerund noun-from-verb)

onomatopoeic

Imitative


hirritus

la-noun

hirrītus m (genitive hirrītūs); fourth declension

hirrītus (canonical masculine)
hirrītūs (genitive)
hirrītus (nominative singular)
hirrītūs (nominative plural)
hirrītūs (genitive singular)
hirrītuum (genitive plural)
hirrītuī (dative singular)
hirrītibus (dative plural)
hirrītum (accusative singular)
hirrītūs (accusative plural)
hirrītū (ablative singular)
hirrītibus (ablative plural)
hirrītus (singular vocative)
hirrītūs (plural vocative)

From hirriō (“I snarl”) + -tus (suffix forming fourth declension action nouns from verbs).


longa

la-noun

longa f (genitive longae); first declension

longae (genitive)
longa (nominative singular)
longae (nominative plural)
longae (genitive singular)
longārum (genitive plural)
longae (dative singular)
longīs (dative plural)
longam (accusative singular)
longās (accusative plural)
longā (ablative singular)
longīs (ablative plural)
longa (singular vocative)
longae (plural vocative)

→ English: longa

(music) a long (British), quadruple whole note (US)


bombus

bombus m (genitive bombī); second declension

bombī (genitive)
bombus (nominative singular)
bombī (nominative plural)
bombī (genitive singular)
bombōrum (genitive plural)
bombō (dative singular)
bombīs (dative plural)
bombum (accusative singular)
bombōs (accusative plural)
bombō (ablative singular)
bombīs (ablative plural)
bombe (singular vocative)
bombī (plural vocative)

Translingual: Bombus

Italian: bombo

→ French: bombe

→ English: bomb (see there for further descendants)

→ Norwegian Bokmål: bombe

Sicilian: bumma

Spanish: bombo, bomba

Borrowed from Ancient Greek βόμβος (bómbos), of onomatopoeic origin.


bombio

la-verb

bombiō (present infinitive bombīre); fourth conjugation, no passive, no perfect or supine stems

bombiō (canonical)
no passive (canonical)
supine stems (canonical)
bombīre (infinitive present)
bombiō (active first-person indicative present singular)
bombīs (active indicative present second-person singular)
bombit (active indicative present singular third-person)
bombīmus (active first-person indicative plural present)
bombītis (active indicative plural present second-person)
bombiunt (active indicative plural present third-person)
bombiēbam (active first-person imperfect indicative singular)
bombiēbās (active imperfect indicative second-person singular)
bombiēbat (active imperfect indicative singular third-person)
bombiēbāmus (active first-person imperfect indicative plural)
bombiēbātis (active imperfect indicative plural second-person)
bombiēbant (active imperfect indicative plural third-person)
bombiam (active first-person future indicative singular)
bombiēs (active future indicative second-person singular)
bombiet (active future indicative singular third-person)
bombiēmus (active first-person future indicative plural)
bombiētis (active future indicative plural second-person)
bombient (active future indicative plural third-person)
bombiam (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
bombiās (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
bombiat (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
bombiāmus (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
bombiātis (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
bombiant (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
bombīrem (active first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
bombīrēs (active imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
bombīret (active imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
bombīrēmus (active first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
bombīrētis (active imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
bombīrent (active imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
bombī (active imperative present second-person singular)
bombīte (active imperative plural present second-person)
bombītō (active future imperative second-person singular)
bombītō (active future imperative singular third-person)
bombītōte (active future imperative plural second-person)
bombiuntō (active future imperative plural third-person)
bombīre (active infinitive present)
bombiēns (active participle present)
bombiendī (genitive gerund noun-from-verb)
bombiendō (dative gerund noun-from-verb)
bombiendum (accusative gerund noun-from-verb)
bombiendō (ablative gerund noun-from-verb)

Catalan: bomir, bonir


pes

la-noun

pēs m (genitive pedis); third declension

pēs (canonical masculine)
pedis (genitive)
pēs (nominative singular)
pedēs (nominative plural)
pedis (genitive singular)
pedum (genitive plural)
pedī (dative singular)
pedibus (dative plural)
pedem (accusative singular)
pedēs (accusative plural)
pede (ablative singular)
pedibus (ablative plural)
pēs (singular vocative)
pedēs (plural vocative)

Balkan Romance:

⇒ Aromanian: pezã

Romanian: piez ⇒ piază

Dalmatian:

pi

Italo-Romance

Corsican: pede

Gallurese: pedi

Italian: piede

→ Esperanto: piedo

→ Ladino: piede (regional)

Neapolitan: pede

Sassarese: pedi

Sicilian: pedi, peri

Rhaeto-Romance:

Friulian: pît

Romansch: pe

Padanian:

Istriot: peîe, pèie

Gallo-Italic:

Ligurian: pê

Piedmontese: pe

Romagnol: pè, pid (Rimini, San Marino)

Venetan: piè

Northern Gallo-Romance:

Franco-Provençal: pièd

Norman: pid, pyid

desctree

Old French: pié, pé (Anglo-Norman), *pied, *piet
Middle French: pied
French: pied
Walloon: pî

Southern Gallo-Romance:

Catalan: peu

Old Occitan: pe
Occitan: pè

Ibero-Romance:

Asturian: pie

Extremaduran: pie

Leonese: pía

Mirandese: pie

Navarro-Aragonese: pie, pied

Aragonese: piet

Old Galician-Portuguese: pee
Galician: pé
Portuguese: pé

Old Spanish: pie
Ladino: pye
Spanish: pie

Sardinian:

Campidanese: pei

Logudorese: pe

Nuorese: pede

Derived forms:

⇒ Vulgar Latin: *pedicāre

Catalan: petjar

Borrowings:

→ English: pes

→ Ido: pedo

→ Interlingua: pede

→⇒ German: stante pede

From Proto-Italic *pets, from Proto-Indo-European *pṓds (compare Sanskrit पद् (pád), Ancient Greek πούς (poús) and Old English fōt, whence English foot).


lituus

la-noun

lituus m (genitive lituī); second declension

lituī (genitive)
lituus (nominative singular)
lituī (nominative plural)
lituī (genitive singular)
lituōrum (genitive plural)
lituō (dative singular)
lituīs (dative plural)
lituum (accusative singular)
lituōs (accusative plural)
lituō (ablative singular)
lituīs (ablative plural)
litue (singular vocative)
lituī (plural vocative)

[ˈlʲɪt̪uʊs̠]

From Etruscan or from Proto-Indo-European *(e)lAi- (“to bend”). Compare English lith and German Glied (“limb”).


clamor

la-noun

clāmor m (genitive clāmōris); third declension

clāmor (canonical masculine)
clāmōris (genitive)
clāmor (nominative singular)
clāmōrēs (nominative plural)
clāmōris (genitive singular)
clāmōrum (genitive plural)
clāmōrī (dative singular)
clāmōribus (dative plural)
clāmōrem (accusative singular)
clāmōrēs (accusative plural)
clāmōre (ablative singular)
clāmōribus (ablative plural)
clāmor (singular vocative)
clāmōrēs (plural vocative)

French: clameur

→ English: clamor, clamour

→ Italian: clamore

→ Portuguese: clamor

→ Spanish: clamor

From Old Latin clāmōs, from clāmō (“complain, cry out”) + -or.

clāmōs

Old Latin form, found in Ennius and Lucretius

“… clāmōrēs simul horrendōs ad sīdera tollit ….”
“[The serpents attack Laocoön:] at the same time he raises horrible cries up to heaven ….”


magnus

la-adj

magnus (feminine magna, neuter magnum, comparative maior, superlative maximus or maxumus); first/second-declension adjective

magna (feminine)
magnum (neuter)
maior (comparative)
maximus (superlative)
maxumus (superlative)
magnus (masculine nominative singular)
magna (feminine nominative singular)
magnum (neuter nominative singular)
magnī (masculine nominative singular)
magnae (feminine nominative plural)
magna (neuter nominative plural)
magnī (genitive masculine singular)
magnae (feminine genitive singular)
magnī (genitive neuter singular)
magnōrum (genitive masculine singular)
magnārum (feminine genitive plural)
magnōrum (genitive neuter plural)
magnō (dative masculine singular)
magnae (dative feminine singular)
magnō (dative neuter singular)
magnīs (dative feminine masculine neuter)
magnum (accusative masculine singular)
magnam (accusative feminine singular)
magnum (accusative neuter singular)
magnōs (accusative masculine singular)
magnās (accusative feminine plural)
magna (accusative neuter plural)
magnō (ablative masculine singular)
magnā (ablative feminine singular)
magnō (ablative neuter singular)
magnīs (ablative feminine masculine neuter)
magne (masculine singular vocative)
magna (feminine singular vocative)
magnum (neuter singular vocative)
magnī (masculine singular vocative)
magnae (feminine plural vocative)
magna (neuter plural vocative)
magnī (locative masculine singular)
magnae (feminine locative singular)
magnī (locative neuter singular)
magnīs (feminine locative masculine neuter)

Italo-Romance:

q

Italian: -magno, -a (in toponyms like Pratomagno, Villamagna)

Southern Gallo-Romance:

Catalan: -many, -a (in toponyms like Capmany, Vallmanya)

Old Occitan: mainh, magn, manh

Insular Romance:

Sardinian: mannu

Borrowings:

→ Catalan: magne

→ English: magnus

→ Italian: magno

→ Old French: magne

→ Old Norse: magnus

→ Portuguese: magno, manho

→ Spanish: magno, maño

→ Sicilian: magnu

From Proto-Italic *magnos, from Proto-Indo-European *m̥ǵh₂nós, from *méǵh₂s (“great”).
Cognates include Ancient Greek μέγᾰς (mégăs, “big, large”), Sanskrit मह (mahá, “great, mighty, strong, abundant”), Middle Persian ms (meh, “great”) (from earlier *mas and whence Persian مه (meh)), Avestan 𐬨𐬀𐬰- (maz-, “large”), Tocharian B māka (“large”), Hittite [script needed] (mēkkis, “much, many, numerous”), Old Armenian մեծ (mec), Old Irish maige (“great, large”), Albanian madh (“large”) and Old English micel (English much).

cog

Loud, powerful, strong, mighty. (of voice)


modulus

la-noun

modulus m (genitive modulī); second declension

modulī (genitive)
modulus (nominative singular)
modulī (nominative plural)
modulī (genitive singular)
modulōrum (genitive plural)
modulō (dative singular)
modulīs (dative plural)
modulum (accusative singular)
modulōs (accusative plural)
modulō (ablative singular)
modulīs (ablative plural)
module (singular vocative)
modulī (plural vocative)

→ English: modulus

→ Occitan: mòtle

→ Old Catalan: motle

Catalan: motlle

→ Spanish: molde

→ Portuguese: molde

→ Old French: modle, mole

→ Middle English: molde, moolde, moulde

English: mold, mould

Scots: muild

French: moule

→ Catalan: mòdul (learned), mòdol

desctree

→ French: module
→ English: module
→ Romanian: modul
→ Turkish: modül

→ Italian: modulo

→ Portuguese: módulo

→ Russian: мо́дуль (módulʹ)

→ Spanish: módulo

[ˈmɔd̪ʊɫ̪ʊs̠]

From modus (“measure; manner, way”) + -ulus (diminutive suffix).

af

diminutive of modus (“measure, metre, mode; method”):

(music) a rhythmical measure, interval, rhythm, mode, time


audio

la-verb

audiō (present infinitive audīre, perfect active audīvī or audiī, supine audītum); fourth conjugation

audiō (canonical)
audīre (infinitive present)
audīvī (active perfect)
audiī (active perfect)
audītum (supine)
audiō (active first-person indicative present singular)
audīs (active indicative present second-person singular)
audit (active indicative present singular third-person)
audīmus (active first-person indicative plural present)
audītis (active indicative plural present second-person)
audiunt (active indicative plural present third-person)
audiēbam (active first-person imperfect indicative singular)
audiēbās (active imperfect indicative second-person singular)
audiēbat (active imperfect indicative singular third-person)
audiēbāmus (active first-person imperfect indicative plural)
audiēbātis (active imperfect indicative plural second-person)
audiēbant (active imperfect indicative plural third-person)
audiam (active first-person future indicative singular)
audiēs (active future indicative second-person singular)
audiet (active future indicative singular third-person)
audiēmus (active first-person future indicative plural)
audiētis (active future indicative plural second-person)
audient (active future indicative plural third-person)
audīvī (active first-person indicative perfect singular)
audiī (active first-person indicative perfect singular)
audīvistī (active indicative perfect second-person singular)
audiistī (active indicative perfect second-person singular)
audīvit (active indicative perfect singular third-person)
audiit (active indicative perfect singular third-person)
audīvimus (active first-person indicative perfect plural)
audiimus (active first-person indicative perfect plural)
audīvistis (active indicative perfect plural second-person)
audiistis (active indicative perfect plural second-person)
audīvērunt (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
audīvēre (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
audiērunt (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
audiēre (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
audīveram (active first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
audieram (active first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
audīverās (active indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
audierās (active indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
audīverat (active indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
audierat (active indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
audīverāmus (active first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
audierāmus (active first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
audīverātis (active indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
audierātis (active indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
audīverant (active indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
audierant (active indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
audīverō (active first-person future indicative perfect singular)
audierō (active first-person future indicative perfect singular)
audīveris (active future indicative perfect second-person singular)
audieris (active future indicative perfect second-person singular)
audīverit (active future indicative perfect singular third-person)
audierit (active future indicative perfect singular third-person)
audīverimus (active first-person future indicative perfect plural)
audierimus (active first-person future indicative perfect plural)
audīveritis (active future indicative perfect plural second-person)
audieritis (active future indicative perfect plural second-person)
audīverint (active future indicative perfect plural third-person)
audierint (active future indicative perfect plural third-person)
audior (first-person indicative passive present singular)
audīris (indicative passive present second-person singular)
audīre (indicative passive present second-person singular)
audītur (indicative passive present singular third-person)
audīmur (first-person indicative passive plural present)
audīminī (indicative passive plural present second-person)
audiuntur (indicative passive plural present third-person)
audiēbar (first-person imperfect indicative passive singular)
audiēbāris (imperfect indicative passive second-person singular)
audiēbāre (imperfect indicative passive second-person singular)
audiēbātur (imperfect indicative passive singular third-person)
audiēbāmur (first-person imperfect indicative passive plural)
audiēbāminī (imperfect indicative passive plural second-person)
audiēbantur (imperfect indicative passive plural third-person)
audiar (first-person future indicative passive singular)
audiēris (future indicative passive second-person singular)
audiēre (future indicative passive second-person singular)
audiētur (future indicative passive singular third-person)
audiēmur (first-person future indicative passive plural)
audiēminī (future indicative passive plural second-person)
audientur (future indicative passive plural third-person)
audiam (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
audiās (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
audiat (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
audiāmus (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
audiātis (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
audiant (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
audīrem (active first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
audīrēs (active imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
audīret (active imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
audīrēmus (active first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
audīrētis (active imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
audīrent (active imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
audīverim (active first-person perfect singular subjunctive)
audierim (active first-person perfect singular subjunctive)
audīverīs (active perfect second-person singular subjunctive)
audierīs (active perfect second-person singular subjunctive)
audīverit (active perfect singular subjunctive third-person)
audierit (active perfect singular subjunctive third-person)
audīverīmus (active first-person perfect plural subjunctive)
audierīmus (active first-person perfect plural subjunctive)
audīverītis (active perfect plural second-person subjunctive)
audierītis (active perfect plural second-person subjunctive)
audīverint (active perfect plural subjunctive third-person)
audierint (active perfect plural subjunctive third-person)
audīvissem (active first-person pluperfect singular subjunctive)
audiissem (active first-person pluperfect singular subjunctive)
audīvissēs (active pluperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
audiissēs (active pluperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
audīvisset (active pluperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
audiisset (active pluperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
audīvissēmus (active first-person pluperfect plural subjunctive)
audiissēmus (active first-person pluperfect plural subjunctive)
audīvissētis (active pluperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
audiissētis (active pluperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
audīvissent (active pluperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
audiissent (active pluperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
audiar (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
audiāris (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
audiāre (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
audiātur (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
audiāmur (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
audiāminī (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
audiantur (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
audīrer (first-person imperfect passive singular subjunctive)
audīrēris (imperfect passive second-person singular subjunctive)
audīrēre (imperfect passive second-person singular subjunctive)
audīrētur (imperfect passive singular subjunctive third-person)
audīrēmur (first-person imperfect passive plural subjunctive)
audīrēminī (imperfect passive plural second-person subjunctive)
audīrentur (imperfect passive plural subjunctive third-person)
audī (active imperative present second-person singular)
audīte (active imperative plural present second-person)
audītō (active future imperative second-person singular)
audītō (active future imperative singular third-person)
audītōte (active future imperative plural second-person)
audiuntō (active future imperative plural third-person)
audīre (imperative passive present second-person singular)
audīminī (imperative passive plural present second-person)
audītor (future imperative passive second-person singular)
audītor (future imperative passive singular third-person)
audiuntor (future imperative passive plural third-person)
audīre (active infinitive present)
audīrī (infinitive passive present)
audīrier (infinitive passive present)
audiēns (active participle present)
audītūrum esse (active future infinitive)
audītum īrī (future infinitive passive)
audītūrus (active future participle)
audiendus (future participle passive)
audiundus (future participle passive)
audīvisse (active infinitive perfect)
audiisse (active infinitive perfect)
audītum esse (infinitive passive perfect)
audītus (participle passive perfect)
audītum fore (future infinitive passive perfect)
audītūrum fuisse (active infinitive perfect potential)
audiendī (genitive gerund noun-from-verb)
audiendō (dative gerund noun-from-verb)
audiendum (accusative gerund noun-from-verb)
audiendō (ablative gerund noun-from-verb)
audītum (accusative noun-from-verb supine)
audītū (ablative noun-from-verb supine)

Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: avdu, avdzãri

Istro-Romanian: avzi

Megleno-Romanian: ud, uzări

Romanian: auzi, auzire

Italo-Romance:

Italian: udire

Padanian:

Friulian: uldî

Ladin: udir

Piedmontese: ovir

Romansch: udir

Venetan: aldir

Northern Gallo-Romance:

Franco-Provençal: aouir

desctree

Old French: oir, odir (archaic), uir, ouir
Middle French: ouyr, oyr
French: ouïr (dated)
Norman: ouir, ouï
→ Middle English: oyes, oyas, oye, hoi (from the French imperative plural oyez)
English: oyez

Southern Gallo-Romance:

Old Catalan: oir, audir, ausir

Catalan: oir

Occitan: ausir

Ibero-Romance:

Old Leonese: oyr

Asturian: oyer

Leonese: oyire

desc

Old Galician-Portuguese: ouir, oir, oyr, ouvyr (see there for further descendants)

Old Spanish: oir

Ladino: oyir

Spanish: oír

Borrowings:

→ Basque: aditu

→ English: audio, ⇒ audile

→ Esperanto: aŭdi

→ French: audio

→ Ido: audar

→ Spanish: audio

→ Swedish: audiell

From Proto-Italic *awizdjō, a compound of Proto-Indo-European *h₂ewis (“clearly, manifestly”) (from the root *h₂ew- (“to see, perceive”)) and *dʰh₁-ye/o- (“to render”).
Cognates include Ancient Greek αἰσθάνομαι (aisthánomai, “to perceive”) (also originally "to render manifest"), whence English aesthetic, and ἀΐω (aḯō, “to perceive, hear”), Hittite 𒌋𒀪𒄭 (u-uḫ-ḫi, “I see”), Proto-Germanic *awiz (“obvious”) and Sanskrit आविस् (āvís, “openly, manifestly, evidently”).

cog

Tālibus ōrantem dictīs ārāsque tenentem / audiit omnipotēns, ….

29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 4.219–220

[King Iarbas,] praying with such words as he had spoken, and [as he was] grasping the holy altars [in supplication], the Almighty [Father] heard him, ….


sambuca

la-noun

sambūca f (genitive sambūcae); first declension

sambūca (canonical feminine)
sambūcae (genitive)
sambūca (nominative singular)
sambūcae (nominative plural)
sambūcae (genitive singular)
sambūcārum (genitive plural)
sambūcae (dative singular)
sambūcīs (dative plural)
sambūcam (accusative singular)
sambūcās (accusative plural)
sambūcā (ablative singular)
sambūcīs (ablative plural)
sambūca (singular vocative)
sambūcae (plural vocative)

From Ancient Greek σαμβύκη (sambúkē, “sambuca”), loaned from Aramaic סַבְּכָא (sabbəḵā).


fistula

la-noun

fistula f (genitive fistulae); first declension

fistulae (genitive)
fistula (nominative singular)
fistulae (nominative plural)
fistulae (genitive singular)
fistulārum (genitive plural)
fistulae (dative singular)
fistulīs (dative plural)
fistulam (accusative singular)
fistulās (accusative plural)
fistulā (ablative singular)
fistulīs (ablative plural)
fistula (singular vocative)
fistulae (plural vocative)

English: fistula

French: felle, fêle, fistule

Galician: fístula

Italian: fistola, fischiare

Old French: festre

→ English: fester

Portuguese: fístula

Romanian: fistulă

Russian: фистула (fistula)

Sicilian: friscari

Spanish: fístula, fistra

[ˈfɪs̠t̪ʊɫ̪ä]

Probably from the same root *fest- as found in festūca (“stalk, straw”) and fistūca (“pile driver, ram”), maybe connected to ferula (“fennel; staff”) by earlier *fes- (“hollow stalk”), all words of unknown origin. This makes any relationship to findō (“cleave, divide, split”) unlikely.


fragor

fragor m (genitive fragōris); third declension

fragōris (genitive)
fragor (nominative singular)
fragōrēs (nominative plural)
fragōris (genitive singular)
fragōrum (genitive plural)
fragōrī (dative singular)
fragōribus (dative plural)
fragōrem (accusative singular)
fragōrēs (accusative plural)
fragōre (ablative singular)
fragōribus (ablative plural)
fragor (singular vocative)
fragōrēs (plural vocative)


fides

fidēs f (genitive fidis); third declension

fidēs (canonical feminine)
fidis (genitive)
fidēs (nominative singular)
fidēs (nominative plural)
fidis (genitive singular)
fidium (genitive plural)
fidī (dative singular)
fidibus (dative plural)
fidem (accusative singular)
fidēs (accusative plural)
fidīs (accusative plural)
fide (ablative singular)
fidibus (ablative plural)
fidēs (singular vocative)
fidēs (plural vocative)

Sume fidem et pharetram fies manifestus Apollo

c. 25 BCE, Ovid, Heroides, Letter 15: "Sappho Phaoni"

Take up string and quiver and you are Apollo manifest

(in the plural) lyre, lute, harp (by extension) (any of a number of ancient stringed musical instruments)


nota

nota f (genitive notae); first declension

notae (genitive)
nota (nominative singular)
notae (nominative plural)
notae (genitive singular)
notārum (genitive plural)
notae (dative singular)
notīs (dative plural)
notam (accusative singular)
notās (accusative plural)
notā (ablative singular)
notīs (ablative plural)
nota (singular vocative)
notae (plural vocative)

Sicilian: nota

Italian: nota

desctree

→ Old English: not, nōt
Middle English: note, noote
Scots: note
English: note

→ Cornish: nos

→ French: note
→ Turkish: not
→ Persian: نت (not)
→ Romanian: notă

→ Galician: nota

→ German: Note

→ Old Irish: not

Irish: nod

→ Irish: nóta

→ Mirandese: nota

→ Portuguese: nota

→ Russian: но́та (nóta)

→ Spanish: nota

→ Welsh: nod

Traditionally referred to nōscō (“I know”), thus "a means of recognition" (cf. nōtiō, nōtitia), with perhaps the same short o of agnitus, cognitus.
Among other disputers De Vaan says that there is no credible etymology for the word.


acer

la-adj

ācer (feminine ācris, neuter ācre, comparative ācrior, superlative ācerrimus, adverb ācriter); third-declension three-termination adjective

ācer (canonical)
ācris (feminine)
ācre (neuter)
ācrior (comparative)
ācerrimus (superlative)
ācriter (adverb)
ācer (masculine nominative singular)
ācris (feminine nominative singular)
ācre (neuter nominative singular)
ācrēs (feminine masculine nominative)
ācria (neuter nominative plural)
ācris (feminine genitive masculine neuter singular)
ācrium (feminine genitive masculine neuter)
ācrī (dative feminine masculine neuter singular)
ācribus (dative feminine masculine neuter)
ācrem (accusative feminine masculine singular)
ācre (accusative neuter singular)
ācrēs (accusative feminine masculine)
ācrīs (accusative feminine masculine)
ācria (accusative neuter plural)
ācrī (ablative feminine masculine neuter singular)
ācribus (ablative feminine masculine neuter)
ācer (masculine singular vocative)
ācris (feminine singular vocative)
ācre (neuter singular vocative)
ācrēs (feminine masculine vocative)
ācria (neuter plural vocative)

Ancient borrowings:

→ Old Irish: aicher

Irish: aichear

Later borrowings:

→ Catalan: acre

→⇒ English: acrid, acrylic

→ Esperanto: akra

→ French: âcre

→ Italian: acre

→ Portuguese: acre

→ Spanish: acre

From Proto-Italic *akris, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ḱrós (“sharp”). The change from o-stem to i-stem declension is irregular and not fully explained. Likewise, Latin has irregular lengthening of the vowel. Cognate with Ancient Greek ἄκρος (ákros).


plectrum

la-noun

plēctrum n (genitive plēctrī); second declension

plēctrum (canonical neuter)
plēctrī (genitive)
plēctrum (nominative singular)
plēctra (nominative plural)
plēctrī (genitive singular)
plēctrōrum (genitive plural)
plēctrō (dative singular)
plēctrīs (dative plural)
plēctrum (accusative singular)
plēctra (accusative plural)
plēctrō (ablative singular)
plēctrīs (ablative plural)
plēctrum (singular vocative)
plēctra (plural vocative)

→ English: plectrum

→ French: plectre

→ German: Plektrum

→ Italian: plettro

→ Portuguese: plectro

→ Spanish: plectro

[ˈpɫ̪eːkt̪rʊ̃ˑ]

Borrowed from Ancient Greek πλῆκτρον (plêktron), from πλήσσω (plḗssō, “to strike, sting”), also analyzable as plēctō + -trum.


ictus

ictus m (genitive ictūs); fourth declension

ictūs (genitive)
ictus (nominative singular)
ictūs (nominative plural)
ictūs (genitive singular)
ictuum (genitive plural)
ictuī (dative singular)
ictibus (dative plural)
ictum (accusative singular)
ictūs (accusative plural)
ictū (ablative singular)
ictibus (ablative plural)
ictus (singular vocative)
ictūs (plural vocative)

Galician: eito, → ictus

→ English: ictus, ictal

Portuguese: eito, → icto

From ī̆cō (“to strike”) + -tus (suffix forming action nouns from verbs).


maximus

maxima (feminine)
maximum (neuter)
magnus (positive)
maximus (masculine nominative singular)
maxima (feminine nominative singular)
maximum (neuter nominative singular)
maximī (masculine nominative singular)
maximae (feminine nominative plural)
maxima (neuter nominative plural)
maximī (genitive masculine singular)
maximae (feminine genitive singular)
maximī (genitive neuter singular)
maximōrum (genitive masculine singular)
maximārum (feminine genitive plural)
maximōrum (genitive neuter plural)
maximō (dative masculine singular)
maximae (dative feminine singular)
maximō (dative neuter singular)
maximīs (dative feminine masculine neuter)
maximum (accusative masculine singular)
maximam (accusative feminine singular)
maximum (accusative neuter singular)
maximōs (accusative masculine singular)
maximās (accusative feminine plural)
maxima (accusative neuter plural)
maximō (ablative masculine singular)
maximā (ablative feminine singular)
maximō (ablative neuter singular)
maximīs (ablative feminine masculine neuter)
maxime (masculine singular vocative)
maxima (feminine singular vocative)
maximum (neuter singular vocative)
maximī (masculine singular vocative)
maximae (feminine plural vocative)
maxima (neuter plural vocative)
maximī (locative masculine singular)
maximae (feminine locative singular)
maximī (locative neuter singular)
maximīs (feminine locative masculine neuter)

Old French: maisme

Old Francorprovençal: maimamen, maymament, *maismament

Franco-Provençal: maîmament

⇒ Piedmontese: meimament

→ English: maximum

→ French: maximum

→ Italian: massimo

→ Portuguese: máximo

→ Romanian: maxim

→ Spanish: máximo

From Proto-Italic *magisVmos, from Proto-Indo-European *méǵh₂s (“great”).

Superlative degree of magnus: greatest (in various senses):


sonitus

la-noun

sonitus m (genitive sonitūs); fourth declension

sonitūs (genitive)
sonitus (nominative singular)
sonitūs (nominative plural)
sonitūs (genitive singular)
sonituum (genitive plural)
sonituī (dative singular)
sonitibus (dative plural)
sonitum (accusative singular)
sonitūs (accusative plural)
sonitū (ablative singular)
sonitibus (ablative plural)
sonitus (singular vocative)
sonitūs (plural vocative)

Italian: sonito

Romanian: sunet

Spanish: sonido

[ˈs̠ɔnɪt̪ʊs̠]


bebo

la-verb

bēbō (present infinitive bēbāre); first conjugation, no passive, no perfect or supine stems

bēbō (canonical)
no passive (canonical)
supine stems (canonical)
bēbāre (infinitive present)
bēbō (active first-person indicative present singular)
bēbās (active indicative present second-person singular)
bēbat (active indicative present singular third-person)
bēbāmus (active first-person indicative plural present)
bēbātis (active indicative plural present second-person)
bēbant (active indicative plural present third-person)
bēbābam (active first-person imperfect indicative singular)
bēbābās (active imperfect indicative second-person singular)
bēbābat (active imperfect indicative singular third-person)
bēbābāmus (active first-person imperfect indicative plural)
bēbābātis (active imperfect indicative plural second-person)
bēbābant (active imperfect indicative plural third-person)
bēbābō (active first-person future indicative singular)
bēbābis (active future indicative second-person singular)
bēbābit (active future indicative singular third-person)
bēbābimus (active first-person future indicative plural)
bēbābitis (active future indicative plural second-person)
bēbābunt (active future indicative plural third-person)
bēbem (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
bēbēs (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
bēbet (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
bēbēmus (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
bēbētis (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
bēbent (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
bēbārem (active first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
bēbārēs (active imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
bēbāret (active imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
bēbārēmus (active first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
bēbārētis (active imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
bēbārent (active imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
bēbā (active imperative present second-person singular)
bēbāte (active imperative plural present second-person)
bēbātō (active future imperative second-person singular)
bēbātō (active future imperative singular third-person)
bēbātōte (active future imperative plural second-person)
bēbantō (active future imperative plural third-person)
bēbāre (active infinitive present)
bēbāns (active participle present)
bēbandī (genitive gerund noun-from-verb)
bēbandō (dative gerund noun-from-verb)
bēbandum (accusative gerund noun-from-verb)
bēbandō (ablative gerund noun-from-verb)

From an onomatopoeic Proto-Indo-European *bē-. Compare Ancient Greek βῆ (bê) and Latin balō (“I bleat”).


fusa

la-noun

fūsa f (genitive fūsae); first declension

fūsa (canonical feminine)
fūsae (genitive)
fūsa (nominative singular)
fūsae (nominative plural)
fūsae (genitive singular)
fūsārum (genitive plural)
fūsae (dative singular)
fūsīs (dative plural)
fūsam (accusative singular)
fūsās (accusative plural)
fūsā (ablative singular)
fūsīs (ablative plural)
fūsa (singular vocative)
fūsae (plural vocative)

(music) quaver (British), eighth note (US)


tinnitus

tinnītus m (genitive tinnītūs); fourth declension

tinnītus (canonical masculine)
tinnītūs (genitive)
tinnītus (nominative singular)
tinnītūs (nominative plural)
tinnītūs (genitive singular)
tinnītuum (genitive plural)
tinnītuī (dative singular)
tinnītibus (dative plural)
tinnītum (accusative singular)
tinnītūs (accusative plural)
tinnītū (ablative singular)
tinnītibus (ablative plural)
tinnītus (singular vocative)
tinnītūs (plural vocative)

→ Czech: tinnitus, tinitus

→ English: tinnitus

→ German: Tinnitus

→ Finnish: tinnitus

Portuguese: tinido

From tinniō (“ring, jingle, clink”) + -tus (abstract noun suffix).


tympanum

la-noun

tympanum n (genitive tympanī); second declension

tympanī (genitive)
tympanum (nominative singular)
tympana (nominative plural)
tympanī (genitive singular)
tympanōrum (genitive plural)
tympanō (dative singular)
tympanīs (dative plural)
tympanum (accusative singular)
tympana (accusative plural)
tympanō (ablative singular)
tympanīs (ablative plural)
tympanum (singular vocative)
tympana (plural vocative)

→ Catalan: timpà

→ English: tympanum, timpani

→ French: tympan

→ Galician: tímpano

→ Irish: tiompán

→ Italian: timpano; tempano (Lucca), tempono (Arezzo)

→ Neapolitan: timpanu (Calabria)

→ Old English: timpan

→ Portuguese: tímpano

Provençal: temp(l)o

Romanian: tâmpină, tîmpină, întâmpina

Sardinian: trimpanu

→ Spanish: tímpano, tembal; timple (Murcia)

[ˈt̪ʏmpänʊ̃ˑ]

Borrowed from Ancient Greek τῠ́μπᾰνον (tŭ́mpănon, “a kettledrum, drum”), from τῠ́πτω (tŭ́ptō, “to strike, beat, smite”).

bor

(literally, music) drum, timbrel, tambour, tambourine

(figurative) timbrel as a figure of something effeminate or enervating


pellis

la-noun

pellis f (genitive pellis); third declension

pellis (genitive)
pellis (nominative singular)
pellēs (nominative plural)
pellis (genitive singular)
pellium (genitive plural)
pellī (dative singular)
pellibus (dative plural)
pellem (accusative singular)
pellēs (accusative plural)
pellīs (accusative plural)
pelle (ablative singular)
pellibus (ablative plural)
pellis (singular vocative)
pellēs (plural vocative)

Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: cheali

Romanian: piele

Dalmatian:

pial

Italo-Romance:

Italian: pelle

Sicilian: peddi

Insular Romance:

Sardinian: pedde, peddi (Campidanese)

North Italian:

Friulian: piel

Romagnol: pël

Romansch: pel

Venetan: pełe

Gallo-Romance:

Franco-Provençal: pél

desctree

Old French: pel
Angevin: piau
Bourguignon: peâ
Champenois: pé, piau
Franc-Comtois: pée
Middle French: peau
French: peau
Norman: pé
Poitevin-Saintongeais: pea
Picard: pieu, piau
Walloon: pea

Occitano-Romance:

Catalan: pell

Occitan: pèl

Ibero-Romance:

Asturian: piel

Old Galician-Portuguese: pele

Portuguese: pele

Spanish: piel

Borrowings:

→ English: pell

→ Old Irish: pell

Irish: peall

Scottish Gaelic: peall

→ Old Norse: pilz

Icelandic: pils

Norwegian Bokmål: pels

Norwegian Nynorsk: pels

From Proto-Italic *pelnis, from Proto-Indo-European *pel-ni-s (“to cover, wrap; skin, hide; cloth”), from *pel- (“to cover, wrap; skin, hide; cloth”). Cognate with Ancient Greek πέλμᾰ (pélmă, “sole of the foot”), Old English fell (“fell, skin, hide; garment of skin”).


sonus

la-noun

sonus m (genitive sonī); second declension

sonī (genitive)
sonus (nominative singular)
sonī (nominative plural)
sonī (genitive singular)
sonōrum (genitive plural)
sonō (dative singular)
sonīs (dative plural)
sonum (accusative singular)
sonōs (accusative plural)
sonō (ablative singular)
sonīs (ablative plural)
sone (singular vocative)
sonī (plural vocative)

Aromanian: son

Catalan: so

Friulian: sun

Galician: son

Italian: suono, sono

→ Greek: σόνο (sóno)

Occitan: son

Old English: sōn

Old French: son

French: son

→ Middle English: sowne, sownde

English: sound

→ Cebuano: sawon

Old Irish: son

Portuguese: som

Romanian: sun

Romansch: sun

Sardinian: sonu

Sicilian: sonu

Spanish: son, sueno

Welsh: sôn

From Proto-Indo-European *swónh₂os, from the root *swenh₂- (“to sound”). Cognate with Proto-Germanic *swanaz.


pulpo

la-verb

pulpō (present infinitive pulpāre); first conjugation, no passive, no perfect or supine stems

pulpō (canonical)
no passive (canonical)
supine stems (canonical)
pulpāre (infinitive present)
pulpō (active first-person indicative present singular)
pulpās (active indicative present second-person singular)
pulpat (active indicative present singular third-person)
pulpāmus (active first-person indicative plural present)
pulpātis (active indicative plural present second-person)
pulpant (active indicative plural present third-person)
pulpābam (active first-person imperfect indicative singular)
pulpābās (active imperfect indicative second-person singular)
pulpābat (active imperfect indicative singular third-person)
pulpābāmus (active first-person imperfect indicative plural)
pulpābātis (active imperfect indicative plural second-person)
pulpābant (active imperfect indicative plural third-person)
pulpābō (active first-person future indicative singular)
pulpābis (active future indicative second-person singular)
pulpābit (active future indicative singular third-person)
pulpābimus (active first-person future indicative plural)
pulpābitis (active future indicative plural second-person)
pulpābunt (active future indicative plural third-person)
pulpem (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
pulpēs (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
pulpet (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
pulpēmus (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
pulpētis (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
pulpent (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
pulpārem (active first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
pulpārēs (active imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
pulpāret (active imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
pulpārēmus (active first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
pulpārētis (active imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
pulpārent (active imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
pulpā (active imperative present second-person singular)
pulpāte (active imperative plural present second-person)
pulpātō (active future imperative second-person singular)
pulpātō (active future imperative singular third-person)
pulpātōte (active future imperative plural second-person)
pulpantō (active future imperative plural third-person)
pulpāre (active infinitive present)
pulpāns (active participle present)
pulpandī (genitive gerund noun-from-verb)
pulpandō (dative gerund noun-from-verb)
pulpandum (accusative gerund noun-from-verb)
pulpandō (ablative gerund noun-from-verb)

Potentially related to Lithuanian pliõpti (“to gurgle, burble”), par̃pti (“to buzz”).


mitilo

la-verb

mitilō (present infinitive mitilāre); first conjugation, no passive, no perfect or supine stems

mitilō (canonical)
no passive (canonical)
supine stems (canonical)
mitilāre (infinitive present)
mitilō (active first-person indicative present singular)
mitilās (active indicative present second-person singular)
mitilat (active indicative present singular third-person)
mitilāmus (active first-person indicative plural present)
mitilātis (active indicative plural present second-person)
mitilant (active indicative plural present third-person)
mitilābam (active first-person imperfect indicative singular)
mitilābās (active imperfect indicative second-person singular)
mitilābat (active imperfect indicative singular third-person)
mitilābāmus (active first-person imperfect indicative plural)
mitilābātis (active imperfect indicative plural second-person)
mitilābant (active imperfect indicative plural third-person)
mitilābō (active first-person future indicative singular)
mitilābis (active future indicative second-person singular)
mitilābit (active future indicative singular third-person)
mitilābimus (active first-person future indicative plural)
mitilābitis (active future indicative plural second-person)
mitilābunt (active future indicative plural third-person)
mitilem (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
mitilēs (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
mitilet (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
mitilēmus (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
mitilētis (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
mitilent (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
mitilārem (active first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
mitilārēs (active imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
mitilāret (active imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
mitilārēmus (active first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
mitilārētis (active imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
mitilārent (active imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
mitilā (active imperative present second-person singular)
mitilāte (active imperative plural present second-person)
mitilātō (active future imperative second-person singular)
mitilātō (active future imperative singular third-person)
mitilātōte (active future imperative plural second-person)
mitilantō (active future imperative plural third-person)
mitilāre (active infinitive present)
mitilāns (active participle present)
mitilandī (genitive gerund noun-from-verb)
mitilandō (dative gerund noun-from-verb)
mitilandum (accusative gerund noun-from-verb)
mitilandō (ablative gerund noun-from-verb)

[ˈmɪt̪ɪɫ̪oː]


balo

bālō (present infinitive bālāre, perfect active bālāvī, supine bālātum); first conjugation, no passive

bālō (canonical)
no passive (canonical)
bālāre (infinitive present)
bālāvī (active perfect)
bālātum (supine)
bālō (active first-person indicative present singular)
bālās (active indicative present second-person singular)
bālat (active indicative present singular third-person)
bālāmus (active first-person indicative plural present)
bālātis (active indicative plural present second-person)
bālant (active indicative plural present third-person)
bālābam (active first-person imperfect indicative singular)
bālābās (active imperfect indicative second-person singular)
bālābat (active imperfect indicative singular third-person)
bālābāmus (active first-person imperfect indicative plural)
bālābātis (active imperfect indicative plural second-person)
bālābant (active imperfect indicative plural third-person)
bālābō (active first-person future indicative singular)
bālābis (active future indicative second-person singular)
bālābit (active future indicative singular third-person)
bālābimus (active first-person future indicative plural)
bālābitis (active future indicative plural second-person)
bālābunt (active future indicative plural third-person)
bālāvī (active first-person indicative perfect singular)
bālāvistī (active indicative perfect second-person singular)
bālāvit (active indicative perfect singular third-person)
bālāvimus (active first-person indicative perfect plural)
bālāvistis (active indicative perfect plural second-person)
bālāvērunt (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
bālāvēre (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
bālāveram (active first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
bālāverās (active indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
bālāverat (active indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
bālāverāmus (active first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
bālāverātis (active indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
bālāverant (active indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
bālāverō (active first-person future indicative perfect singular)
bālāveris (active future indicative perfect second-person singular)
bālāverit (active future indicative perfect singular third-person)
bālāverimus (active first-person future indicative perfect plural)
bālāveritis (active future indicative perfect plural second-person)
bālāverint (active future indicative perfect plural third-person)
bālem (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
bālēs (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
bālet (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
bālēmus (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
bālētis (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
bālent (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
bālārem (active first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
bālārēs (active imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
bālāret (active imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
bālārēmus (active first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
bālārētis (active imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
bālārent (active imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
bālāverim (active first-person perfect singular subjunctive)
bālāverīs (active perfect second-person singular subjunctive)
bālāverit (active perfect singular subjunctive third-person)
bālāverīmus (active first-person perfect plural subjunctive)
bālāverītis (active perfect plural second-person subjunctive)
bālāverint (active perfect plural subjunctive third-person)
bālāvissem (active first-person pluperfect singular subjunctive)
bālāvissēs (active pluperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
bālāvisset (active pluperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
bālāvissēmus (active first-person pluperfect plural subjunctive)
bālāvissētis (active pluperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
bālāvissent (active pluperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
bālā (active imperative present second-person singular)
bālāte (active imperative plural present second-person)
bālātō (active future imperative second-person singular)
bālātō (active future imperative singular third-person)
bālātōte (active future imperative plural second-person)
bālantō (active future imperative plural third-person)
bālāre (active infinitive present)
bālāns (active participle present)
bālātūrum esse (active future infinitive)
bālātūrus (active future participle)
bālāvisse (active infinitive perfect)
bālātūrum fuisse (active infinitive perfect potential)
bālandī (genitive gerund noun-from-verb)
bālandō (dative gerund noun-from-verb)
bālandum (accusative gerund noun-from-verb)
bālandō (ablative gerund noun-from-verb)
bālātum (accusative noun-from-verb supine)
bālātū (ablative noun-from-verb supine)

Italian: belare

→ Portuguese: balar

Spanish: balar

From an onomatopoeic Proto-Indo-European *bē-. Compare Ancient Greek βῆ (bê) and Latin bebō (“I yell, scream”).

onomatopoeic

onomatopoeic


latro

la-verb

lātrō (present infinitive lātrāre, perfect active lātrāvī, supine lātrātum); first conjugation

lātrō (canonical)
lātrāre (infinitive present)
lātrāvī (active perfect)
lātrātum (supine)
lātrō (active first-person indicative present singular)
lātrās (active indicative present second-person singular)
lātrat (active indicative present singular third-person)
lātrāmus (active first-person indicative plural present)
lātrātis (active indicative plural present second-person)
lātrant (active indicative plural present third-person)
lātrābam (active first-person imperfect indicative singular)
lātrābās (active imperfect indicative second-person singular)
lātrābat (active imperfect indicative singular third-person)
lātrābāmus (active first-person imperfect indicative plural)
lātrābātis (active imperfect indicative plural second-person)
lātrābant (active imperfect indicative plural third-person)
lātrābō (active first-person future indicative singular)
lātrābis (active future indicative second-person singular)
lātrābit (active future indicative singular third-person)
lātrābimus (active first-person future indicative plural)
lātrābitis (active future indicative plural second-person)
lātrābunt (active future indicative plural third-person)
lātrāvī (active first-person indicative perfect singular)
lātrāvistī (active indicative perfect second-person singular)
lātrāvit (active indicative perfect singular third-person)
lātrāvimus (active first-person indicative perfect plural)
lātrāvistis (active indicative perfect plural second-person)
lātrāvērunt (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
lātrāvēre (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
lātrāveram (active first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
lātrāverās (active indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
lātrāverat (active indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
lātrāverāmus (active first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
lātrāverātis (active indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
lātrāverant (active indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
lātrāverō (active first-person future indicative perfect singular)
lātrāveris (active future indicative perfect second-person singular)
lātrāverit (active future indicative perfect singular third-person)
lātrāverimus (active first-person future indicative perfect plural)
lātrāveritis (active future indicative perfect plural second-person)
lātrāverint (active future indicative perfect plural third-person)
lātror (first-person indicative passive present singular)
lātrāris (indicative passive present second-person singular)
lātrāre (indicative passive present second-person singular)
lātrātur (indicative passive present singular third-person)
lātrāmur (first-person indicative passive plural present)
lātrāminī (indicative passive plural present second-person)
lātrantur (indicative passive plural present third-person)
lātrābar (first-person imperfect indicative passive singular)
lātrābāris (imperfect indicative passive second-person singular)
lātrābāre (imperfect indicative passive second-person singular)
lātrābātur (imperfect indicative passive singular third-person)
lātrābāmur (first-person imperfect indicative passive plural)
lātrābāminī (imperfect indicative passive plural second-person)
lātrābantur (imperfect indicative passive plural third-person)
lātrābor (first-person future indicative passive singular)
lātrāberis (future indicative passive second-person singular)
lātrābere (future indicative passive second-person singular)
lātrābitur (future indicative passive singular third-person)
lātrābimur (first-person future indicative passive plural)
lātrābiminī (future indicative passive plural second-person)
lātrābuntur (future indicative passive plural third-person)
lātrem (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
lātrēs (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
lātret (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
lātrēmus (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
lātrētis (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
lātrent (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
lātrārem (active first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
lātrārēs (active imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
lātrāret (active imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
lātrārēmus (active first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
lātrārētis (active imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
lātrārent (active imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
lātrāverim (active first-person perfect singular subjunctive)
lātrāverīs (active perfect second-person singular subjunctive)
lātrāverit (active perfect singular subjunctive third-person)
lātrāverīmus (active first-person perfect plural subjunctive)
lātrāverītis (active perfect plural second-person subjunctive)
lātrāverint (active perfect plural subjunctive third-person)
lātrāvissem (active first-person pluperfect singular subjunctive)
lātrāvissēs (active pluperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
lātrāvisset (active pluperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
lātrāvissēmus (active first-person pluperfect plural subjunctive)
lātrāvissētis (active pluperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
lātrāvissent (active pluperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
lātrer (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
lātrēris (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
lātrēre (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
lātrētur (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
lātrēmur (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
lātrēminī (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
lātrentur (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
lātrārer (first-person imperfect passive singular subjunctive)
lātrārēris (imperfect passive second-person singular subjunctive)
lātrārēre (imperfect passive second-person singular subjunctive)
lātrārētur (imperfect passive singular subjunctive third-person)
lātrārēmur (first-person imperfect passive plural subjunctive)
lātrārēminī (imperfect passive plural second-person subjunctive)
lātrārentur (imperfect passive plural subjunctive third-person)
lātrā (active imperative present second-person singular)
lātrāte (active imperative plural present second-person)
lātrātō (active future imperative second-person singular)
lātrātō (active future imperative singular third-person)
lātrātōte (active future imperative plural second-person)
lātrantō (active future imperative plural third-person)
lātrāre (imperative passive present second-person singular)
lātrāminī (imperative passive plural present second-person)
lātrātor (future imperative passive second-person singular)
lātrātor (future imperative passive singular third-person)
lātrantor (future imperative passive plural third-person)
lātrāre (active infinitive present)
lātrārī (infinitive passive present)
lātrāns (active participle present)
lātrātūrum esse (active future infinitive)
lātrātum īrī (future infinitive passive)
lātrātūrus (active future participle)
lātrandus (future participle passive)
lātrāvisse (active infinitive perfect)
lātrātum esse (infinitive passive perfect)
lātrātus (participle passive perfect)
lātrātum fore (future infinitive passive perfect)
lātrātūrum fuisse (active infinitive perfect potential)
lātrandī (genitive gerund noun-from-verb)
lātrandō (dative gerund noun-from-verb)
lātrandum (accusative gerund noun-from-verb)
lātrandō (ablative gerund noun-from-verb)
lātrātum (accusative noun-from-verb supine)
lātrātū (ablative noun-from-verb supine)

Aromanian: alatru, alãtrari

Asturian: lladrar

Catalan: lladrar

Galician: ladrar

Italian: latrare

Portuguese: ladrar

Romanian: lătra, lătrare

Spanish: ladrar

→ English: latrate

[ˈɫ̪äːt̪roː]

From Proto-Italic *lātrom, from Proto-Indo-European *leh₂- (“to bark, howl”) (an expressive root). Cognate with lāmentum, Ancient Greek λῆρος (lêros), λάλος (lálos), λάσκω (láskō).

onomatopoeic

expressive


stridor

la-noun

strīdor m (genitive strīdōris); third declension

strīdor (canonical masculine)
strīdōris (genitive)
strīdor (nominative singular)
strīdōrēs (nominative plural)
strīdōris (genitive singular)
strīdōrum (genitive plural)
strīdōrī (dative singular)
strīdōribus (dative plural)
strīdōrem (accusative singular)
strīdōrēs (accusative plural)
strīdōre (ablative singular)
strīdōribus (ablative plural)
strīdor (singular vocative)
strīdōrēs (plural vocative)

Catalan: estridor

→ English: stridor

Italian: stridore

Portuguese: estridor

Romanian: stridor

Spanish: estridor

From strīdō (“I make a shrill sound, shriek”) + -or.

af

A harsh, shrill, hissing, grating, or creaking sound


minima

la-noun

minima f (genitive minimae); first declension

minimae (genitive)
minima (nominative singular)
minimae (nominative plural)
minimae (genitive singular)
minimārum (genitive plural)
minimae (dative singular)
minimīs (dative plural)
minimam (accusative singular)
minimās (accusative plural)
minimā (ablative singular)
minimīs (ablative plural)
minima (singular vocative)
minimae (plural vocative)