sporta

la-noun

sporta f (genitive sportae); first declension

sportae (genitive)
sporta (nominative singular)
sportae (nominative plural)
sportae (genitive singular)
sportārum (genitive plural)
sportae (dative singular)
sportīs (dative plural)
sportam (accusative singular)
sportās (accusative plural)
sportā (ablative singular)
sportīs (ablative plural)
sporta (singular vocative)
sportae (plural vocative)

Catalan: esporta

Italian: spòrta

Portuguese: esporta

Sicilian: sporta

Spanish: espuerta

→ Albanian: shportë

desc

→ Byzantine Greek: σπόρτα (spórta, “basket”)

Greek: σπόρτα (spórta, “basket”) (discontinued)

→ Ottoman Turkish: اشپورطه (ışporta, “basket for fruits, especially grapes”) (discontinued)

→ Old English: sperte

Middle English: sperte

→ Middle French: sporte

From Proto-Indo-European *sper- (“to twist, turn”). Cognate to Latin spartum (“esparto or halfah grass”) and spīra (“a coil, twist, braid”).

cog

a hamper or basket (used for carrying and storing foods as well as money)


cithara

la-noun

cithara f (genitive citharae); first declension

citharae (genitive)
cithara (nominative singular)
citharae (nominative plural)
citharae (genitive singular)
citharārum (genitive plural)
citharae (dative singular)
citharīs (dative plural)
citharam (accusative singular)
citharās (accusative plural)
citharā (ablative singular)
citharīs (ablative plural)
cithara (singular vocative)
citharae (plural vocative)
citera (alternative)
chitera (alternative)
chitarus (alternative)

Middle French: citre

French: cistre

Italian: cetera, cetra

Old Occitan: sedra, cidra

Old Spanish: cedra

Romanian: ceteră

Borrowings

→ Danish: citer

→ Middle Dutch: cythaer

Dutch: citer

→ English: cithara, cither

→ French: cithare

→ Old High German: zitera, cithara

German: Zither (see there for further descendants)

→ Portuguese: cítara

→ Spanish: cítara

[ˈt͡ʃiːt̪ärä]

Borrowed from Ancient Greek κιθάρα (kithára), with the common vacillation in the unstressed /er~ar/, as in Caesar- ~ Caeser-, hilaris ~ hilerus, materis ~ mataris.

(music) cithara, cittern, zither, lyre, lute, guitar


bumbulum

bumbulum n (genitive bumbulī); second declension

bumbulī (genitive)
bumbulum (nominative singular)
bumbula (nominative plural)
bumbulī (genitive singular)
bumbulōrum (genitive plural)
bumbulō (dative singular)
bumbulīs (dative plural)
bumbulum (accusative singular)
bumbula (accusative plural)
bumbulō (ablative singular)
bumbulīs (ablative plural)
bumbulum (singular vocative)
bumbula (plural vocative)
bombulum (alternative)

(Medieval Latin) a fabulous musical instrument described in an apocryphal letter of St. Jerome to Dardanus I; see Wikipedia's article


infundibulum

īnfundibulum n (genitive īnfundibulī); second declension

īnfundibulum (canonical neuter)
īnfundibulī (genitive)
īnfundibulum (nominative singular)
īnfundibula (nominative plural)
īnfundibulī (genitive singular)
īnfundibulōrum (genitive plural)
īnfundibulō (dative singular)
īnfundibulīs (dative plural)
īnfundibulum (accusative singular)
īnfundibula (accusative plural)
īnfundibulō (ablative singular)
īnfundibulīs (ablative plural)
īnfundibulum (singular vocative)
īnfundibula (plural vocative)

Catalan: infundíbul

French: infundibulum

Galician: infundíbulo

Italian: infundibolo

Portuguese: infundíbulo

Spanish: infundíbulo

[ĩːfʊn̪ˈd̪ɪbʊɫ̪ʊ̃ˑ]

From īnfund(i) (“to pour in or upon”) + -bulum.


arca

la-noun

arca f (genitive arcae); first declension

arcae (genitive)
arca (nominative singular)
arcae (nominative plural)
arcae (genitive singular)
arcārum (genitive plural)
arcae (dative singular)
arcīs (dative plural)
arcam (accusative singular)
arcās (accusative plural)
arcā (ablative singular)
arcīs (ablative plural)
arca (singular vocative)
arcae (plural vocative)
archa (alternative)

Catalan: arca

Italian: arca

Old Galician-Portuguese: arca, archa

Galician: arca

Portuguese: arca

Old Spanish: arca, archa

Spanish: arca

→ Albanian: arkë

→ Czech: archa

→ Proto-Germanic: *arkō (see there for further descendants)

→ Latvian: arka

→ Lithuanian: arka

→ Macedonian: арка (arka)

→ Maltese: arka

→ Norman: arche

→ Old English: ærc

English: ark

desctree

→ Old French: arche
French: arche
Norman: arche
→ Middle English: arch, arche
English: arch

→ Old Irish: árc, áirc

Irish: áirc

Scottish Gaelic: àirc

→ Old Polish: archa (learned) (see there for further descendants)

→ Romanian: arca

→ Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: арка

Latin script: arka

→ Slovak: archa

→ Welsh: arch

→ Cornish: argh

→ Breton: arc'h

ark (kind of ship)
(Ecclesiastical Latin) Noah's Ark


vitula

la-noun

vitula f (genitive vitulae); first declension

vitulae (genitive)
vitula (nominative singular)
vitulae (nominative plural)
vitulae (genitive singular)
vitulārum (genitive plural)
vitulae (dative singular)
vitulīs (dative plural)
vitulam (accusative singular)
vitulās (accusative plural)
vitulā (ablative singular)
vitulīs (ablative plural)
vitula (singular vocative)
vitulae (plural vocative)
vidula (alternative)
viella (alternative)
viēla (alternative)
viōla (alternative)
fiōla (alternative)

Aromanian: yitsauã

Catalan: vedella

French: velle

Friulian: vidiele

Istro-Romanian: vițe

Italian: vitella

Occitan: vedèla

Romanian: vițea

Romansch: vadeala

Sardinian: bitella

Sicilian: viteḍḍa

→ Galician: vitela

→ Portuguese: vitela

→ Spanish: vitela

[ˈu̯ɪt̪ʊɫ̪ä]

Feminine counterpart of vitulus (“a [male] calf”). Whether the word for a string instrument is from this source is quite uncertain, but may be related to strings being made from the intestines of cattle; may also be a borrowing from Frankish *fiþulā (“violin, fiddle”).

musical instrument
musical instrument#English

(Medieval Latin) a stringed musical instrument, probably the viola


clipeus

clipeus m (genitive clipeī); second declension

clipeī (genitive)
clipeus (nominative singular)
clipeī (nominative plural)
clipeī (genitive singular)
clipeōrum (genitive plural)
clipeō (dative singular)
clipeīs (dative plural)
clipeum (accusative singular)
clipeōs (accusative plural)
clipeō (ablative singular)
clipeīs (ablative plural)
clipee (singular vocative)
clipeī (plural vocative)
clupeus (alternative)
clypeus (alternative)

The origin is uncertain, perhaps from Proto-Italic *klupeos. It may be from Etruscan.

“At geminī lāpsū dēlūbra ad summa dracōnēs
effugiunt saevaeque petunt Trītōnidis arcem

29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 2.225–227

“But the two serpents escape by gliding [away] to the highest temples [of Troy], and seek the citadel of the fierce Tritonian [Minerva], [where] they shelter beneath the feet of the goddess and under the disc of [her] shield.”

sub pedibusque deae clipeīque sub orbe teguntur.”

a type of large round shield, properly: a type of shield that was convex (bowl-shaped), likely at least 0.9 m in diameter, and was gripped at the edge, with a fastening for the forearm in the middle


coclear

coclear n (genitive cocleāris); third declension

cocleāris (genitive)
coclear (nominative singular)
cocleāria (nominative plural)
cocleāris (genitive singular)
cocleārium (genitive plural)
cocleārī (dative singular)
cocleāribus (dative plural)
coclear (accusative singular)
cocleāria (accusative plural)
cocleārī (ablative singular)
cocleāribus (ablative plural)
coclear (singular vocative)
cocleāria (plural vocative)


mantica

mantica f (genitive manticae); first declension

manticae (genitive)
mantica (nominative singular)
manticae (nominative plural)
manticae (genitive singular)
manticārum (genitive plural)
manticae (dative singular)
manticīs (dative plural)
manticam (accusative singular)
manticās (accusative plural)
manticā (ablative singular)
manticīs (ablative plural)
mantica (singular vocative)
manticae (plural vocative)

Catalan: manxa

Italian: mantice

>? Spanish: manteca

[ˈmän̪t̪ɪkä]


futis

fūtis f (genitive fūtis); third declension

fūtis (canonical feminine)
fūtis (genitive)
fūtis (nominative singular)
fūtēs (nominative plural)
fūtis (genitive singular)
fūtium (genitive plural)
fūtī (dative singular)
fūtibus (dative plural)
fūtim (accusative singular)
fūtēs (accusative plural)
fūtīs (accusative plural)
fūte (ablative singular)
fūtibus (ablative plural)
fūtis (singular vocative)
fūtēs (plural vocative)

From Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰéw-tis ~ *ǵʰu-téy-s, from *ǵʰew-. Compare Latin fundō (“I pour out”) and fūtilis (“leaky; futile”).


fuscina

la-noun

fuscina f (genitive fuscinae); first declension

fuscinae (genitive)
fuscina (nominative singular)
fuscinae (nominative plural)
fuscinae (genitive singular)
fuscinārum (genitive plural)
fuscinae (dative singular)
fuscinīs (dative plural)
fuscinam (accusative singular)
fuscinās (accusative plural)
fuscinā (ablative singular)
fuscinīs (ablative plural)
fuscina (singular vocative)
fuscinae (plural vocative)

Italian: fiocina

desctree

Old French: foene
French: foëne, foène, fouane, fouëne, fouine
Walloon: fonne
→ English: foin

→ Albanian: fuzhnjë


sica

la-noun

sīca f (genitive sīcae); first declension

sīca (canonical feminine)
sīcae (genitive)
sīca (nominative singular)
sīcae (nominative plural)
sīcae (genitive singular)
sīcārum (genitive plural)
sīcae (dative singular)
sīcīs (dative plural)
sīcam (accusative singular)
sīcās (accusative plural)
sīcā (ablative singular)
sīcīs (ablative plural)
sīca (singular vocative)
sīcae (plural vocative)

→? Proto-Albanian: *tsikā

Albanian: thikë

Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch
Vladimir Orel

Unknown; suggested to be borrowed from Proto-Albanian *tsikā (whence Albanian thikë (“knife”)), perhaps via Illyrian. However, the long ī is problematic, and the borrowing may have in fact been the other way around. Despite matching semantics and superficially similar phonetics, not related to secō (“to cut”). There are competing hypotheses about whether sī̆cī̆lis (“sickle”) is derived from sīca: De Vaan assumes it is, whereas von Wartburg, following Romance evidence that implies short vowels in its first two syllables, treats the word for 'sickle' as a derivative of secō. If von Wartburg is correct, it is necessary to distinguish the noun meaning 'sickle' from a separate noun sīcīlis (“spearhead”) used by Ennius, which is from sīca.


amussis

amussis f (genitive amussis); third declension

amussis (genitive)
amussis (nominative singular)
amussēs (nominative plural)
amussis (genitive singular)
amussium (genitive plural)
amussī (dative singular)
amussibus (dative plural)
amussim (accusative singular)
amussēs (accusative plural)
amussīs (accusative plural)
amussī (ablative singular)
amussibus (ablative plural)
amussis (singular vocative)
amussēs (plural vocative)

[äˈmʊs̠ːɪs̠]

a ruler, a mason's or carpenter's straight edge


orichalcum

orichalcum n (genitive orichalcī); second declension

orichalcī (genitive)
orichalcum (nominative singular)
orichalcī (genitive singular)
orichalcō (dative singular)
orichalcum (accusative singular)
orichalcō (ablative singular)
orichalcum (singular vocative)
aurichalcum (alternative)

→ English: orichalcum

→ French: orichalque

→ Italian: oricalco

[ɔrɪˈkʰäɫ̪kʊ̃ˑ]

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ὀρείχαλκος (oreíkhalkos).

Ipse dehinc auro squalentem alboque orichalco ./ circumdat loricam umeris, simul aptat habendo
1910 translation by Theodore C. Williams

29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 12.87, (dactylic hexameter)

But he upon his kingly shoulders clasped his corselet, thick o'erlaid with blazoned gold and silvery orichalch

Tibia non ut nunc orichalco vincta tubaeque.

c. 19 BCE, Horace, Ars Poetica 202, (dactylic hexameter)

yellow copper ore, or an alloy of gold and copper


quadriga

quadrīga f (genitive quadrīgae); first declension

quadrīga (canonical feminine)
quadrīgae (genitive)
quadrīga (nominative singular)
quadrīgae (nominative plural)
quadrīgae (genitive singular)
quadrīgārum (genitive plural)
quadrīgae (dative singular)
quadrīgīs (dative plural)
quadrīgam (accusative singular)
quadrīgās (accusative plural)
quadrīgā (ablative singular)
quadrīgīs (ablative plural)
quadrīga (singular vocative)
quadrīgae (plural vocative)

→ English: quadriga

→ Catalan: quadriga

→ Galician: cuadriga

→ Italian: quadriga

→ Portuguese: quadriga

→ Spanish: cuadriga

[kʷäˈd̪riːɡä]

From quattuor (“four”) + iugum (“yoke”).


mortarium

mortārium n (genitive mortāriī or mortārī); second declension

mortārium (canonical neuter)
mortāriī (genitive)
mortārī (genitive)
mortārium (nominative singular)
mortāria (nominative plural)
mortāriī (genitive singular)
mortārī (genitive singular)
mortāriōrum (genitive plural)
mortāriō (dative singular)
mortāriīs (dative plural)
mortārium (accusative singular)
mortāria (accusative plural)
mortāriō (ablative singular)
mortāriīs (ablative plural)
mortārium (singular vocative)
mortāria (plural vocative)

Asturian: morteru

Catalan: morter

Friulian: mortâr

Galician: morteiro

Italian: mortaio

Occitan: mortièr

Old French: mortier

Middle French: mortier

French: mortier

→ Middle Dutch: mortier

Dutch: mortier (see there for further descendants)

desctree

→ Middle English: morter (partially)
English: mortar (see there for further descendants)
Scots: mortar
→ Welsh: morter, mortar

Portuguese: morteiro

Romanian: mortar, mortier

desc

Sardinian: martaju, moltàgiu, murtàgliu, murtarju

Sicilian: murtaru

Spanish: mortero

Venetan: mortèr

→ Proto-West Germanic: *mortārī (see there for further descendants)

[mɔrˈt̪äːriʊ̃ˑ]

From Proto-Indo-European *mer(H)- (“to rub”). Perhaps cognate with murcus, murcidus, marceō, morbus, Ancient Greek μαραίνω (maraínō), μαρασμός (marasmós), μάρναμαι (márnamai), μάρμαρος (mármaros).

large basin in which mortar (substance) is made

mortar (mixture of lime, sand, and water)


lura

la-noun

lūra f (genitive lūrae); first declension

lūra (canonical feminine)
lūrae (genitive)
lūra (nominative singular)
lūrae (nominative plural)
lūrae (genitive singular)
lūrārum (genitive plural)
lūrae (dative singular)
lūrīs (dative plural)
lūram (accusative singular)
lūrās (accusative plural)
lūrā (ablative singular)
lūrīs (ablative plural)
lūra (singular vocative)
lūrae (plural vocative)


tridens

tridēns m (genitive tridentis); third declension

tridēns (canonical masculine)
tridentis (genitive)
tridēns (nominative singular)
tridentēs (nominative plural)
tridentis (genitive singular)
tridentium (genitive plural)
tridentī (dative singular)
tridentibus (dative plural)
tridentem (accusative singular)
tridentēs (accusative plural)
tridentīs (accusative plural)
tridente (ablative singular)
tridentī (ablative singular)
tridentibus (ablative plural)
tridēns (singular vocative)
tridentēs (plural vocative)

→ English: trident

→ Galician: tridente

→ Italian: tridente

→ Spanish: tridente

[ˈt̪rɪd̪ẽːs̠]

“nōn illī imperium pelagī saevumque tridentem,

29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 1.138–139

“Not to him [were] the empire of the sea and the stern trident [given], but to me [were] allotted by destiny.”
(Neptune [me] dismisses the winds with a warning for Aeolus [him].)

trident, a three-tined spear; specifically, an attribute of Neptune


radula

rādula f (genitive rādulae); first declension

rādula (canonical feminine)
rādulae (genitive)
rādula (nominative singular)
rādulae (nominative plural)
rādulae (genitive singular)
rādulārum (genitive plural)
rādulae (dative singular)
rādulīs (dative plural)
rādulam (accusative singular)
rādulās (accusative plural)
rādulā (ablative singular)
rādulīs (ablative plural)
rādula (singular vocative)
rādulae (plural vocative)

→ English: radula

→ French: radula

→ Dutch: radula

→ Portuguese: rádula

[ˈräːd̪ʊɫ̪ä]

From rād(ō) (“I scrape”) + -ula, from Proto-Indo-European *reh₁d-. Compare with rāstrum and rallum.


matula

matula f (genitive matulae); first declension

matulae (genitive)
matula (nominative singular)
matulae (nominative plural)
matulae (genitive singular)
matulārum (genitive plural)
matulae (dative singular)
matulīs (dative plural)
matulam (accusative singular)
matulās (accusative plural)
matulā (ablative singular)
matulīs (ablative plural)
matula (singular vocative)
matulae (plural vocative)


acerra

acerra f (genitive acerrae); first declension

acerrae (genitive)
acerra (nominative singular)
acerrae (nominative plural)
acerrae (genitive singular)
acerrārum (genitive plural)
acerrae (dative singular)
acerrīs (dative plural)
acerram (accusative singular)
acerrās (accusative plural)
acerrā (ablative singular)
acerrīs (ablative plural)
acerra (singular vocative)
acerrae (plural vocative)

English: acerra

Italian: acerra

Portuguese: acerra

A small box in which was kept the incense used in sacrifices


gaster

gaster f (genitive gasteris or gastrī); variously declined, third declension, second declension

gaster (canonical feminine)
variously declined (canonical)
gasteris (genitive)
gastrī (genitive)
gaster (nominative singular)
gasterēs (nominative plural)
gastrī (nominative plural)
gasteris (genitive singular)
gastrī (genitive singular)
gasterum (genitive plural)
gastrōrum (genitive plural)
gasterī (dative singular)
gastrō (dative singular)
gasteribus (dative plural)
gastrīs (dative plural)
gasterem (accusative singular)
gastrum (accusative singular)
gasterēs (accusative plural)
gastrōs (accusative plural)
gastere (ablative singular)
gastrō (ablative singular)
gasteribus (ablative plural)
gastrīs (ablative plural)
gaster (singular vocative)
gasterēs (plural vocative)
gastrī (plural vocative)

Borrowing from Ancient Greek γᾰστήρ (găstḗr, “paunch, belly”).

bor

Consternati nos insolentia ebriorum intentavimus oculos in proeliantes, notavimusque ostrea pectinesque e gastris labentia, quae collecta puer lance circumtulit.

c. 27 CE – 66 CE, Petronius, Satyricon 70

(transferred sense) a big-bellied vessel


Archimedes

la-proper noun

Archimēdēs m sg (genitive Archimēdis); third declension

Archimēdēs (canonical masculine singular)
Archimēdis (genitive)
Archimēdēs (nominative singular)
Archimēdis (genitive singular)
Archimēdī (genitive singular)
Archimēdī (dative singular)
Archimēdem (accusative singular)
Archimēdēn (accusative singular)
Archimēde (ablative singular)
Archimēdēs (singular vocative)

→ Czech: Archimédes (learned)

→ Dutch: Archimedes (learned)

→ English: Archimedes (learned)

→ French: Archimède (learned)

→ German: Archimedes (learned)

→ Italian: Archimede (learned)

→ Polish: Archimedes (learned)

desc

→ Portuguese: Archimedes, Arquimedes (learned)

→ Romanian: Arhimede (learned)

→ Sicilian: Archimèdi (learned)

→ Spanish: Arquímedes (learned)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Ἀρχιμήδης (Arkhimḗdēs).

bor+

a male given name of historical usage, notably borne by Archimedes of Syracuse (c. 287–212 BCE), Ancient Greek mathematician, physicist, and engineer from Syracuse in Sicily


psalterium

la-noun

psaltērium n (genitive psaltēriī or psaltērī); second declension

psaltērium (canonical neuter)
psaltēriī (genitive)
psaltērī (genitive)
psaltērium (nominative singular)
psaltēria (nominative plural)
psaltēriī (genitive singular)
psaltērī (genitive singular)
psaltēriōrum (genitive plural)
psaltēriō (dative singular)
psaltēriīs (dative plural)
psaltērium (accusative singular)
psaltēria (accusative plural)
psaltēriō (ablative singular)
psaltēriīs (ablative plural)
psaltērium (singular vocative)
psaltēria (plural vocative)

Old French: saltier, sautier

Middle French: psautier, sautier

French: psautier

→ Middle Dutch: souter

desctree

→ Middle English: sauter
English: psalter

→ Catalan: saltiri

desc

→ Old French: psaltrie, salterie, salterii, sauterye, sautrie, sautyre

→ Middle High German: salterie, psalterie

German: Psalterie (obsolete)

→ Middle Dutch: salterie, psalterie

desctree

→ Middle English: sauterie
English: psaltery

desc

→ Old French: salterion, sarterion, saterion (learned)

Middle French: psalterion

desctree

French: psaltérion
→ Romanian: psalterion

→ English: psalterion

→ Italian: salterio

→ Spanish: salterio

→ Portuguese: saltério

→ Old Occitan: salteri

Occitan: psaltèri

→ English: psalterium (learned)

→ Proto-West Germanic: *psalterī (see there for further descendants)

→ Old Irish: saltair (see there for further descendants)

→ Middle Welsh: sallwyr

Welsh: sallwyr

⇒ Middle Welsh: llaswyr

Welsh: llaswyr

[ps̠äɫ̪ˈt̪eːriʊ̃ˑ]

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ψαλτήριον (psaltḗrion).


veru

la-noun

verū n (genitive verūs); fourth declension

verū (canonical neuter)
verūs (genitive)
verū (nominative singular)
verua (nominative plural)
verūs (genitive singular)
veruum (genitive plural)
verū (dative singular)
veribus (dative plural)
verū (accusative singular)
verua (accusative plural)
verū (ablative singular)
veribus (ablative plural)
verū (singular vocative)
verua (plural vocative)
verum (alternative)
verōnēs (alternative)

From Proto-Italic *gʷeru (“spit”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʷéru.


sacculus

sacculus m (genitive sacculī); second declension

sacculī (genitive)
sacculus (nominative singular)
sacculī (nominative plural)
sacculī (genitive singular)
sacculōrum (genitive plural)
sacculō (dative singular)
sacculīs (dative plural)
sacculum (accusative singular)
sacculōs (accusative plural)
sacculō (ablative singular)
sacculīs (ablative plural)
saccule (singular vocative)
sacculī (plural vocative)

→ Albanian: shakull

Aromanian: sãculj

→ Catalan: sàcul

→ English: saccule, sacculus

→ French: saccule

→ Italian: saccolo, sacculo

→ Portuguese: sáculo

Romanian: săcui

→ Spanish: sáculo

[ˈs̠äkːʊɫ̪ʊs̠]

From saccus (“a sack, bag, purse”) + -ulus (diminutive suffix).

af

diminutive of saccus:
a small bag or sack

diminutive of saccus:
a purse, scrip, satchel, sachet

diminutive of saccus:
a little wine sack

diminutive of saccus:
(New Latin) a backpack


furca

la-noun

furca f (genitive furcae); first declension

furcae (genitive)
furca (nominative singular)
furcae (nominative plural)
furcae (genitive singular)
furcārum (genitive plural)
furcae (dative singular)
furcīs (dative plural)
furcam (accusative singular)
furcās (accusative plural)
furcā (ablative singular)
furcīs (ablative plural)
furca (singular vocative)
furcae (plural vocative)

Aromanian: furcã

Catalan: forca

Dalmatian: fuarca

Friulian: forcje

Italian: forca

Old French: furche, forche

desctree

French: fourche
fourché
→ English: fourche, fourchee

Walloon: fotche

Old Northern French: forque

Norman: frouque

Old Leonese:

Asturian: forca

Neapolitan: forca

Occitan: forca

Old Galician-Portuguese:

Galician: forca, furco

Portuguese: forca, furca

Romanian: furcă

Old Spanish: forca

Spanish: horca

→ Cebuano: horka

Romansch: furtga, fuortga, fuorcha

Sardinian: frúca, furca

Sicilian: furca

Venetan: forca

→ Albanian: furkë

→ Proto-Brythonic: *forx

Breton: forc'h

Cornish: forgh

Welsh: fforch

→ Proto-West Germanic: *furkō (see there for further descendants)

→ Old Irish: forc
Irish: forc
Scottish Gaelic: forc, forca

Of uncertain origin.
In its primary sense of "fork", furca appears to be derived from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰerk(ʷ)-, *ǵʰerg(ʷ)- (“fork”), although the development of the -c- is difficult to explain. In the other senses, this derivation is unlikely. For those, perhaps it is connected to Proto-Germanic *furkaz, *firkalaz (“stake, stick, pole, post”), from Proto-Indo-European *perg- (“pole, post”). If so, this would relate the word to Old English forclas pl (“bolt”), Old Saxon ferkal (“lock, bolt, bar”), Old Norse forkr (“pole, staff, stick”), Norwegian fork (“stick, bat”), Swedish fork (“pole”).
Compare also Lithuanian žer̃gti (“to spread the legs”), žìrklės (“scissors”), though the mismatch of the vowels between the Lithuanian and Latin forms is hard to explain.


vectis

la-noun

vectis m (genitive vectis); third declension

vectis (genitive)
vectis (nominative singular)
vectēs (nominative plural)
vectis (genitive singular)
vectium (genitive plural)
vectī (dative singular)
vectibus (dative plural)
vectem (accusative singular)
vectēs (accusative plural)
vectīs (accusative plural)
vecte (ablative singular)
vectī (ablative singular)
vectibus (ablative plural)
vectis (singular vocative)
vectēs (plural vocative)

Catalan: vit m

Italian: vette m

Old French: vit m
French: vit m

Sardinian: bette m

⇒ Vulgar Latin: *vecticulus m

Fala: bitillu, betillu

Galician: vetillo, bitillo

[ˈu̯ɛkt̪ɪs̠]

From Proto-Italic *wektis, from Proto-Indo-European *wéǵʰ-tis, from the root *weǵʰ- (“to ride”). Cognate with vehō, Sanskrit ऊढि (ūḍhi).


vehiculum

vehiculum n (genitive vehiculī); second declension

vehiculī (genitive)
vehiculum (nominative singular)
vehicula (nominative plural)
vehiculī (genitive singular)
vehiculōrum (genitive plural)
vehiculō (dative singular)
vehiculīs (dative plural)
vehiculum (accusative singular)
vehicula (accusative plural)
vehiculō (ablative singular)
vehiculīs (ablative plural)
vehiculum (singular vocative)
vehicula (plural vocative)
vehiclum (alternative)

→ Catalan: vehicle m

→ Galician: vehicle m

→ German: Vehikel n

desctree

→ French: véhicule m
→ English: vehicle
→ Romanian: vehicul n

→ Irish: feithicil f

→ Italian: veicolo m

→ Portuguese: veículo m

>? Sardinian: ìgulu m

→ Spanish: vehículo m

[u̯eˈ(ɦ)ɪkʊɫ̪ʊ̃ˑ]

From vehō (“I bear, carry, convey; ride”) + -culum.

suf

A means of transport; vehicle, conveyance, carriage; wagon, cart; ship.


iumentum

la-noun

iūmentum n (genitive iūmentī); second declension

iūmentum (canonical neuter)
iūmentī (genitive)
iūmentum (nominative singular)
iūmenta (nominative plural)
iūmentī (genitive singular)
iūmentōrum (genitive plural)
iūmentō (dative singular)
iūmentīs (dative plural)
iūmentum (accusative singular)
iūmenta (accusative plural)
iūmentō (ablative singular)
iūmentīs (ablative plural)
iūmentum (singular vocative)
iūmenta (plural vocative)
iouxmentom (alternative)
jūmentum (alternative)

Italo-Romance:

desctree

Italian: giumento
→ Romansch: giumaint
→ Sicilian: giumentu

Neapolitan: jummiento, jummenta

Sicilian: jumentu, jumenta

Gallo-Romance:

Old French: jument, jumente (sense 2)
French: jument
→ Catalan: jument
→ Franco-Provençal: jument
Norman: jeunment
→ Middle English: jument
English: jument

Borrowings:

→ Catalan: jument, jumenta

→ Portuguese: jumento, jumenta

→ Spanish: jumento

[i̯uːˈmɛn̪t̪ʊ̃ˑ]

From Proto-Italic *jouksməntom, a back-formation from the plural *jouksmənta, from *jungō (“to yoke, join”) + *-mənta (suffix forming collective nouns). These elements correspond to Classical Latin iungō and -menta.

(vehicles) A vehicle drawn by such animals: a wagon, a carriage, a cart.


aratrum

la-noun

arātrum n (genitive arātrī); second declension

arātrum (canonical neuter)
arātrī (genitive)
arātrum (nominative singular)
arātra (nominative plural)
arātrī (genitive singular)
arātrōrum (genitive plural)
arātrō (dative singular)
arātrīs (dative plural)
arātrum (accusative singular)
arātra (accusative plural)
arātrō (ablative singular)
arātrīs (ablative plural)
arātrum (singular vocative)
arātra (plural vocative)
arāter (alternative)

Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: aratru, arat

Megleno-Romanian: ărat

Romanian: arat

Italo-Romance:

Italian: aratro, (obsolete) arato

Gallo-Romance:

desc

Catalan: aradre (obsolete), aladre, arada

Franco-Provençal: arâro

Old French: arere

desctree

Occitan: araire
→ Middle French: araire
French: araire

Ibero-Romance:

desc

Aragonese: aladro, alatre (Belsetán), aladre (Biescas)

Asturian: aladru, aráu

Galician: arado

Portuguese: arado

Old Spanish: aradro

Spanish: arado

→ Sardinian: aradu

[äˈräːt̪rʊ̃ˑ]

From Proto-Italic *arātrom, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂érh₃trom (“plough, ard”) (with long ā by analogy to the related verb arō, arāre; the expected outcome would otherwise be *arĕtrum).
Equivalent to arō (“to plough”) + -trum. Cognate with Ancient Greek ἄροτρον (árotron, “plow”), Old Armenian արաւր (arawr, “plow”), Welsh aradr.

der

tempus erat quō versa iugō referuntur arātra
It was the hour when [up]turned plows are being brought back by yoked [oxen]
(“versa arātra”: i.e., plows somehow turned so that the plowshares are not in contact with the soil. See: Plough.)

plough or plow (a device pulled through the ground in order to break it open into furrows for planting)


saccus

la-noun

saccus m (genitive saccī); second declension

saccī (genitive)
saccus (nominative singular)
saccī (nominative plural)
saccī (genitive singular)
saccōrum (genitive plural)
saccō (dative singular)
saccīs (dative plural)
saccum (accusative singular)
saccōs (accusative plural)
saccō (ablative singular)
saccīs (ablative plural)
sacce (singular vocative)
saccī (plural vocative)

Eastern Romance:

Aromanian: sac

Romanian: sac

Italo-Dalmatian:

Italian: sacco

Sicilian: saccu

→ Maltese: saqqu

Insular Romance:

Sardinian: sacu

North Italian:

Friulian: sac

Piedmontese: sach

Romansch: satg, sac, sach

Gallo-Romance:

Catalan: sac

desctree

Old French: sac
French: sac
Haitian Creole: sak
→ English: sac
→ Moroccan Arabic: صاك
→ Persian: ساک (sâk)
→ Sedang: xak

Occitan: sac

Ibero-Romance:

Old Leonese:

Asturian: sacu

Old Galician-Portuguese: saco

Galician: saco

Portuguese: saco

Old Spanish: saco

Spanish: saco
→ Seri: saaco (“blouse”)
→ Southeastern Tepehuan: saaku

Borrowed:

→ Albanian: sak

→ Basque: zaku

→ Proto-Brythonic: *sax

Middle Breton: sach

Breton: sac'h

Old Cornish: sach

Cornish: sagh

Middle Welsh: sach

Welsh: sach

→ Proto-Germanic: *sakkuz (see there for further descendants)

desc

→ Middle Irish: sacc (via either Old English or Old French)

→ Irish: sac

Borrowing from Ancient Greek σᾰ́κκος (sắkkos, “coarse cloth of hair; sack, bag”).


novacula

la-noun

novācula f (genitive novāculae); first declension

novācula (canonical feminine)
novāculae (genitive)
novācula (nominative singular)
novāculae (nominative plural)
novāculae (genitive singular)
novāculārum (genitive plural)
novāculae (dative singular)
novāculīs (dative plural)
novāculam (accusative singular)
novāculās (accusative plural)
novāculā (ablative singular)
novāculīs (ablative plural)
novācula (singular vocative)
novāculae (plural vocative)

Asturian: navaya

Catalan: navalla

Mirandese: nabalha

Old Galician-Portuguese: navalla

Galician: navalla

Portuguese: navalha

Spanish: navaja

→ Portuguese: novácula

[noˈu̯äːkʊɫ̪ä]

From Proto-Italic *(ks)nowātlā, probably from Proto-Indo-European *ksnew-, extended from *kes- (“to scratch, itch”). See also Latin saucius, Ancient Greek ξύω (xúō), and Old English besnyþian.

A sharp knife (which was used for shaving)


ferrumen

ferrūmen n (genitive ferrūminis); third declension

ferrūmen (canonical neuter)
ferrūminis (genitive)
ferrūmen (nominative singular)
ferrūmina (nominative plural)
ferrūminis (genitive singular)
ferrūminum (genitive plural)
ferrūminī (dative singular)
ferrūminibus (dative plural)
ferrūmen (accusative singular)
ferrūmina (accusative plural)
ferrūmine (ablative singular)
ferrūminibus (ablative plural)
ferrūmen (singular vocative)
ferrūmina (plural vocative)
ferūmen (alternative)

Spanish: herrumbre

From earlier ferūmen, from the root of ferveō plus -ūmen after bitūmen and alūmen. The gemination arose under the influence of ferrum.


caprimulgus

caprimulgus m (genitive caprimulgī); second declension

caprimulgī (genitive)
caprimulgus (nominative singular)
caprimulgī (nominative plural)
caprimulgī (genitive singular)
caprimulgōrum (genitive plural)
caprimulgō (dative singular)
caprimulgīs (dative plural)
caprimulgum (accusative singular)
caprimulgōs (accusative plural)
caprimulgō (ablative singular)
caprimulgīs (ablative plural)
caprimulge (singular vocative)
caprimulgī (plural vocative)

Italian: caprimulgo

Translingual: Caprimulgus

→ Dutch: geitenmelker (calque)

[käprɪˈmʊɫ̪ɡʊs̠]

From capra (“goat”) + mulgeō (“I milk”). The sense "nightjar" is first attested in Pliny the Elder's Naturalis historia and represents a partial calque of Ancient Greek αἰγοθήλας (aigothḗlas), following Aristotle's claim in Historia animalium that certain nocturnal birds - often identified as nightjars - suck milk from the udders of goats.

cal

a nightjar (from the belief that they sucked the milk from goats)


arcula

la-noun

arcula f (genitive arculae); first declension

arculae (genitive)
arcula (nominative singular)
arculae (nominative plural)
arculae (genitive singular)
arculārum (genitive plural)
arculae (dative singular)
arculīs (dative plural)
arculam (accusative singular)
arculās (accusative plural)
arculā (ablative singular)
arculīs (ablative plural)
arcula (singular vocative)
arculae (plural vocative)
arcla (alternative)

Byzantine Greek: ἄρκλα (árkla)

Greek: άρκλα (árkla)

desctree

→ Old Armenian: արկղ (arkł)
→ Armenian: արկղ (arkł) (learned)

arca (“chest, box, coffer”) + -ula (diminutive suffix)


tormentum

la-noun

tormentum n (genitive tormentī); second declension

tormentī (genitive)
tormentum (nominative singular)
tormenta (nominative plural)
tormentī (genitive singular)
tormentōrum (genitive plural)
tormentō (dative singular)
tormentīs (dative plural)
tormentum (accusative singular)
tormenta (accusative plural)
tormentō (ablative singular)
tormentīs (ablative plural)
tormentum (singular vocative)
tormenta (plural vocative)

Catalan: turment

Dalmatian: tormiant

English: torment

French: tourment, tourmente

Friulian: torment

Galician: tormento

Italian: tormento, tormenta

Neapolitan: turmiento

Portuguese: tormento, tormenta

Romanian: turment

desc

Sardinian: tormentu, tromentu, trumentu, turmentu

Spanish: tormento, tormenta

[t̪ɔrˈmɛn̪t̪ʊ̃ˑ]

From Proto-Italic *torkmentom. Related to torqueō (“twist, bend, wind”).

an engine for hurling missiles; a shot or missile thrown by this, artillery


cotyle

la-noun

cotylē f (genitive cotylēs); first declension

cotylē (canonical feminine)
cotylēs (genitive)
cotylē (nominative singular)
cotylae (nominative plural)
cotylēs (genitive singular)
cotylārum (genitive plural)
cotylae (dative singular)
cotylīs (dative plural)
cotylēn (accusative singular)
cotylās (accusative plural)
cotylē (ablative singular)
cotylīs (ablative plural)
cotylē (singular vocative)
cotylae (plural vocative)

English: cotyle

From Ancient Greek κοτύλη (kotúlē, “cup, half-pint”).


scobina

la-noun

scobīna f (genitive scobīnae); first declension

scobīna (canonical feminine)
scobīnae (genitive)
scobīna (nominative singular)
scobīnae (nominative plural)
scobīnae (genitive singular)
scobīnārum (genitive plural)
scobīnae (dative singular)
scobīnīs (dative plural)
scobīnam (accusative singular)
scobīnās (accusative plural)
scobīnā (ablative singular)
scobīnīs (ablative plural)
scobīna (singular vocative)
scobīnae (plural vocative)

Spanish: escofina

→ Italian: scuffina


axicia

axicia f (genitive axiciae); first declension

axiciae (genitive)
axicia (nominative singular)
axiciae (nominative plural)
axiciae (genitive singular)
axiciārum (genitive plural)
axiciae (dative singular)
axiciīs (dative plural)
axiciam (accusative singular)
axiciās (accusative plural)
axiciā (ablative singular)
axiciīs (ablative plural)
axicia (singular vocative)
axiciae (plural vocative)


alveus

alveus m (genitive alveī); second declension

alveī (genitive)
alveus (nominative singular)
alveī (nominative plural)
alveī (genitive singular)
alveōrum (genitive plural)
alveō (dative singular)
alveīs (dative plural)
alveum (accusative singular)
alveōs (accusative plural)
alveō (ablative singular)
alveīs (ablative plural)
alvee (singular vocative)
alveī (plural vocative)
alveum (alternative)

Aromanian: alghinã

Old Catalan: olbi

Catalan: obi

→ English: alveus

French: auge

Istro-Romanian: albire

Italian: albio, → alveo

Gallo-Italic:

Lombard: albio

Piedmontese: arbi

Romagnol: ébi (Ravenna)

Occitan: auve

Megleno-Romanian: ălbină

→ Portuguese: álveo

Romanian: albie, albină

→ Spanish: álveo

Venetan: albi, albio, albina

[ˈäɫ̪u̯eʊs̠]

From alvus (“the belly, paunch, bowels”) + -eus.

af

(construction) riverbed, river channel; canal


cadmia

la-noun

cadmī̆a f (genitive cadmī̆ae); first declension

cadmī̆a (canonical feminine)
cadmī̆ae (genitive)
cadmī̆a (nominative singular)
cadmī̆ae (nominative plural)
cadmī̆ae (genitive singular)
cadmī̆ārum (genitive plural)
cadmī̆ae (dative singular)
cadmī̆īs (dative plural)
cadmī̆am (accusative singular)
cadmī̆ās (accusative plural)
cadmī̆ā (ablative singular)
cadmī̆īs (ablative plural)
cadmī̆a (singular vocative)
cadmī̆ae (plural vocative)
cadmēa (alternative)

English: cadmia

desc

Medieval Latin: calamina, calaminaris, lapis calaminaris

English: calaminaris, lapis calaminaris

French: calamine

English: calamine

From Ancient Greek κᾰδμῐ́ᾱ (kădmĭ́ā), variant of Κᾰδμείᾱ (Kădmeíā), from Κάδμος (Kádmos, “Cadmus”) + -εια (-eia, “-ia: forming related substances”). Equivalent to Cadmus + -ia.

(metallurgy, figuratively) dross, any furnace slag


coclea

la-noun

coclea f (genitive cocleae); first declension

cocleae (genitive)
coclea (nominative singular)
cocleae (nominative plural)
cocleae (genitive singular)
cocleārum (genitive plural)
cocleae (dative singular)
cocleīs (dative plural)
cocleam (accusative singular)
cocleās (accusative plural)
cocleā (ablative singular)
cocleīs (ablative plural)
coclea (singular vocative)
cocleae (plural vocative)

Alternative form of cochlea (“a snail, spiral”).


zincum

zincum n (genitive zincī); second declension

zincī (genitive)
zincum (nominative singular)
zinca (nominative plural)
zincī (genitive singular)
zincōrum (genitive plural)
zincō (dative singular)
zincīs (dative plural)
zincum (accusative singular)
zinca (accusative plural)
zincō (ablative singular)
zincīs (ablative plural)
zincum (singular vocative)
zinca (plural vocative)


grosa

grōsa f (genitive grōsae); first declension

grōsa (canonical feminine)
grōsae (genitive)
grōsa (nominative singular)
grōsae (nominative plural)
grōsae (genitive singular)
grōsārum (genitive plural)
grōsae (dative singular)
grōsīs (dative plural)
grōsam (accusative singular)
grōsās (accusative plural)
grōsā (ablative singular)
grōsīs (ablative plural)
grōsa (singular vocative)
grōsae (plural vocative)

Galician: grosa

Portuguese: grosa

Probably from Proto-Indo-European *gred- (compare Albanian gërresë (“rasp, scraper”)).


capsa

capsa f (genitive capsae); first declension

capsae (genitive)
capsa (nominative singular)
capsae (nominative plural)
capsae (genitive singular)
capsārum (genitive plural)
capsae (dative singular)
capsīs (dative plural)
capsam (accusative singular)
capsās (accusative plural)
capsā (ablative singular)
capsīs (ablative plural)
capsa (singular vocative)
capsae (plural vocative)

Italo-Romance:

Italian: cassa (see there for further descendants)

North Italian:

Emilian: cassa

Lombard: cassa

Venetan: casa
→⇒ Cimbrian: kèssle

Gallo-Romance:

desctree

Old French: chasse
French: châsse
→ English: chase
→ Middle English: chasse
English: chasse

Old Northern French: casse, case, quase
Norman: câsse
→ Middle English: case, caas, casse
English: case
Yola: kaase
→ Irish: cás

Occitano-Romance:

Catalan: caixa (see there for further descendants)

Old Occitan: caissa

Occitan: caissa; caisha (Gascon, south Lengadocian)

→ Emilian: cascia

→ Ligurian: càscia

→ Lombard: cascia

→ Piedmontese: cassia, cascia

→ Romagnol: cascia

→ Romansch: chascha

→ Middle French: caisse
French: caisse
→ Bourguignon: caisse
→ English: cash

Ibero-Romance:

Aragonese: caixa, caxa

⇒ *capseum (see there for further descendants)

Borrowings:

→ Aramaic: קפסא (qapsa), קופסא (qup̄sā)

→ Hebrew: קופסה (kufsá)

→ Catalan: capsa

→ Czech: kapsa

→ Italian: capsa

→ Romanian: capsă

⇒ New Latin: capsicum

→ English: capsicum

→ Italian: capsico

→ Portuguese: cápsico

→ Translingual: Capsicum

From Proto-Italic *kapsos, from capiō (“capture, seize, take”), possibly a relic of a sigmatic aorist stem in Proto-Italic that later merged with the perfective tense. Compare Latin noxa from noceō, also Ancient Greek σκᾰ́ψᾱς (skắpsās), masculine nominative active indicative aorist participle of σκάπτω (skáptō) (not cognate with the Latin term).

A box, case, holder, repository; especially a cylindrical container for books; bookcase.


fiscella

la-noun

fiscella f (genitive fiscellae); first declension

fiscellae (genitive)
fiscella (nominative singular)
fiscellae (nominative plural)
fiscellae (genitive singular)
fiscellārum (genitive plural)
fiscellae (dative singular)
fiscellīs (dative plural)
fiscellam (accusative singular)
fiscellās (accusative plural)
fiscellā (ablative singular)
fiscellīs (ablative plural)
fiscella (singular vocative)
fiscellae (plural vocative)

Italian: fiscella, fistella

Sicilian: fasceḍḍa, vasceḍḍa

[fɪs̠ˈkɛlːʲä]

From fiscina (“small wicker basket”) + -la (feminine diminutive suffix).


lingula

la-noun

lingula f (genitive lingulae); first declension

lingulae (genitive)
lingula (nominative singular)
lingulae (nominative plural)
lingulae (genitive singular)
lingulārum (genitive plural)
lingulae (dative singular)
lingulīs (dative plural)
lingulam (accusative singular)
lingulās (accusative plural)
lingulā (ablative singular)
lingulīs (ablative plural)
lingula (singular vocative)
lingulae (plural vocative)
ligula (alternative)

Aromanian: lingurã

Romanian: lingură

→ English: lingula

→ Italian: lingula

[ˈlʲɪŋɡʊɫ̪ä]

From lingua (“tongue”) + -ula (“-ule: forming diminutives”), possibly influenced by lingō (“I lick”).

suffix

diminutive of lingua, tongue, tonguelet, used particularly for

skimmer, ladle, spoon, utensils for serving small amounts of wine, food, &c.

lower arm, the shorter end of a lever, opposite the fulcrum from the user

point, the pointed end of a post or stake, inserted into the ground


caia

la-noun

caia f (genitive caiae); first declension

caiae (genitive)
caia (nominative singular)
caiae (nominative plural)
caiae (genitive singular)
caiārum (genitive plural)
caiae (dative singular)
caiīs (dative plural)
caiam (accusative singular)
caiās (accusative plural)
caiā (ablative singular)
caiīs (ablative plural)
caia (singular vocative)
caiae (plural vocative)

⇒ Vulgar Latin: (baculus) *caiātus

Catalan: gaiato, gaiata

Galician: caxato, caxado, caxata

Portuguese: cajado

Spanish: alcayata (“meat hook, spike”) (via Hispano-Arabic الخَيَاطَة (al-ḵayāṭa)), cayado (noun)

From Proto-Indo-European *kh₂eyd- (“cut, hew”), whence also caedō (“I cut”).


cucuma

la-noun

cucuma f (genitive cucumae); first declension

cucumae (genitive)
cucuma (nominative singular)
cucumae (nominative plural)
cucumae (genitive singular)
cucumārum (genitive plural)
cucumae (dative singular)
cucumīs (dative plural)
cucumam (accusative singular)
cucumās (accusative plural)
cucumā (ablative singular)
cucumīs (ablative plural)
cucuma (singular vocative)
cucumae (plural vocative)

Aragonese: cogoma

Catalan: cogoma

Venetan: cogoma

Since this word, as Ancient Greek κούκκουμα (koúkkouma), diminutive κουκκούμιον (koukkoúmion), is attested from the 1ˢᵗ century C.E., when the Roman Empire was at its greatest extent, there is little to doubt that this is identical to Classical Syriac ܩܘܿܩܡܳܐ (qūqəmā, “pot”), absolute state ܩܘܿܩܽܡ (qūqum), if not directly borrowed from it, from Imperial Aramaic 𐡒𐡅𐡒𐡌 (qwqm), from Akkadian 𒂁𒆪𒆪𒁍 (/kukkubu, quqquba/, “a smaller container used as an alabastron, libation jar, or drinking flask; originally a drinking pouch made from an animal’s stomach, any similar pouch with a small opening”), considered possibly a loan or developed from Sumerian 𒂁𒃻𒋫𒆸 (/gugguru/, “tall earthen vessel with a narrow opening”). Via Aramaic קוּמְקְמָא (qumqəmā, “boiling kettle”) it has also been borrowed into Arabic قُمْقُم (qumqum, “bulbous flask with a neck used for dispersing perfume”) and Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (KWKMʾ), Persian قمقمه (qomqome).
The vowel length in Latin is however short in the first syllable contrary to the Syriac, likely because of coarticulation or because of secondary relation to coquō (“to cook”). This vowel shortening and a Syriac borrowing of a vessel name also has its parallel in the Latin word culullus denoting a kind of bumper or chalice.

cog

Mox incincta quadrato pallio cucumam ingentem foco apposuit, simulque pannum de carnario detulit furca, in quo faba erat ad usum reposita et sincipitis vetustissima particula mille plagis dolata.

c. 27 CE – 66 CE, Petronius, Satyricon 135.4

After girthing herself with a rectangular apron she put a vast cauldron to the fire, and at the same time she put down a rag from the smoke chamber, in which beans were stored for use as well as a bit of a head-half cut with thousand strikes.

118 – 138 π Hadrian in Dig. XXXXVIII.8.1.3 Marcianus libro quarto decimo institutionum
Divus Hadrianus rescripsit eum, qui hominem occidit, si non occidendi animo hoc admisit, absolvi posse, et qui hominem non occidit, sed vulneravit, ut occidat, pro homicida damnandum: et ex re constituendum hoc: nam si gladium strinxerit et in eo percusserit, indubitate occidendi animo id eum admisisse: sed si clavi percussit aut cucuma in rixa, quamvis ferro percusserit, tamen non occidendi animo. leniendam poenam eius, qui in rixa casu magis quam voluntate homicidium admisit.

Godly Hadrian wrote in a rescript concering him who smote a man that he can be absolved if this is not by intent to kill, and who did not smite him but wounded him that he smite him is to be convicted for homicide: and from the said thing has to be constituted: when he touched him with the sword and smote him by this, without doubt intent to kill him has to be admitted: but when he hit him with a key or a kettle in a brawl, though he hit him with iron, nonetheless he hasn’t done it with the intent to kill. To be lightened is the punishment of him who has allowed in a brawl rather by accident than by intent a killing.

kettle, cauldron, boiling vessel
for cooking

Torquātus nitidās variō dē marmore thermās

c. 100 CE, Martial, Epigrammaton 10.79.3–4

Torquatus put forth brilliant thermae from various marble; Otacilius made a cauldron.

kettle, cauldron, boiling vessel
for bathing


scrinium

la-noun

scrīnium n (genitive scrīniī or scrīnī); second declension

scrīnium (canonical neuter)
scrīniī (genitive)
scrīnī (genitive)
scrīnium (nominative singular)
scrīnia (nominative plural)
scrīniī (genitive singular)
scrīnī (genitive singular)
scrīniōrum (genitive plural)
scrīniō (dative singular)
scrīniīs (dative plural)
scrīnium (accusative singular)
scrīnia (accusative plural)
scrīniō (ablative singular)
scrīniīs (ablative plural)
scrīnium (singular vocative)
scrīnia (plural vocative)

desctree

Old French: escrin
French: écrin
→ English: scrine

Italian: scrigno

→ Proto-Brythonic: *skrin

→ Breton: skrin

→ Welsh: ysgrin

→ Catalan: escriny

→ Proto-West Germanic: *skrīnī, *skrīn (see there for further descendants)

→ Old Irish: scrín

→ Polish: skrzynia

→ Portuguese: escrínio

→ Sicilian: scrignu

→ Spanish: escriño

Unknown, sometimes seen as an ur-cognate with the Proto-Slavic container name *krina and derived from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to turn, bend”), /skr/ being at least a typical onset of the Indo-European language group.

der

(Medieval Latin, transferred sense) chancery, archive, notarial department


rastrum

la-noun

rāstrum n (genitive rāstrī); second declension

rāstrum (canonical neuter)
rāstrī (genitive)
rāstrum (nominative singular)
rāstra (nominative plural)
rāstrī (nominative plural)
rāstrī (genitive singular)
rāstrōrum (genitive plural)
rāstrō (dative singular)
rāstrīs (dative plural)
rāstrum (accusative singular)
rāstra (accusative plural)
rāstrōs (accusative plural)
rāstrō (ablative singular)
rāstrīs (ablative plural)
rāstrum (singular vocative)
rāstra (plural vocative)
rāstrī (plural vocative)
rāster (alternative)

Catalan: rastre

Galician: rastro

Italian: rastro

desc

Portuguese: rasto, rastro (chiefly Brazil)

Romanian: rastru

Spanish: rastro

→ German: Raster

→ Russian: растр (rastr)

[ˈräːs̠t̪rʊ̃ˑ]

From rād(ō) (“I scrape”) + -trum, from Proto-Indo-European *reh₁d- + *-trom. Compare with rādula and rallum. Doublet of rōstrum.

(usually in the plural) rake, hoe, mattock


dolium

la-noun

dōlium n (genitive dōliī or dōlī); second declension

dōlium (canonical neuter)
dōliī (genitive)
dōlī (genitive)
dōlium (nominative singular)
dōlia (nominative plural)
dōliī (genitive singular)
dōlī (genitive singular)
dōliōrum (genitive plural)
dōliō (dative singular)
dōliīs (dative plural)
dōlium (accusative singular)
dōlia (accusative plural)
dōliō (ablative singular)
dōliīs (ablative plural)
dōlium (singular vocative)
dōlia (plural vocative)

Catalan: doll

Italian: doglio

Piedmontese: doja, doj

Spanish: dujo

→ English: dolium

* According to Pokorny, from Proto-Indo-European *delh₁- (“to cut”); the same root as dolō (“I hew”) and doleō (“I suffer”).
* According to John Pairman Brown, a Punic commercial loanword, comparing Hebrew דֳּלִי (dŏlī) which already appears in Isaiah 40:15 and is from Proto-Semitic, also Arabic دَلْو (dalw, “bucket”) etc.


pabo

pabō m (genitive pabōnis); third declension

pabō (canonical masculine)
pabōnis (genitive)
pabō (nominative singular)
pabōnēs (nominative plural)
pabōnis (genitive singular)
pabōnum (genitive plural)
pabōnī (dative singular)
pabōnibus (dative plural)
pabōnem (accusative singular)
pabōnēs (accusative plural)
pabōne (ablative singular)
pabōnibus (ablative plural)
pabō (singular vocative)
pabōnēs (plural vocative)

(Late Latin) A one-wheeled vehicle, wheelbarrow.


gabata

gabata f (genitive gabatae); first declension

gabatae (genitive)
gabata (nominative singular)
gabatae (nominative plural)
gabatae (genitive singular)
gabatārum (genitive plural)
gabatae (dative singular)
gabatīs (dative plural)
gabatam (accusative singular)
gabatās (accusative plural)
gabatā (ablative singular)
gabatīs (ablative plural)
gabata (singular vocative)
gabatae (plural vocative)
gā̆vata (alternative)
gabatha (alternative)

Italo-Romance:

Italian: gavetta
→ Spanish: gaveta

→ Galician: gabeta

→ Portuguese: gaveta

Neapolitan: gaveta

Sicilian: gavita

Gallo-Italic:

Piedmontese: gavia

Gallo-Romance:

French: jatte
→ Dutch: jat

Occitano-Romance:

Catalan: gaveta

Old Occitan: gaveda

Ibero-Romance:

desc

Galician: gabido, gabedo, gabado, gábado

→ Old High German: gebiza, gebita

Middle High German: *gebse, *gebze

Alemannic German: Gebse, Gepse, Geps

Bavarian: Gebsa

Akin to the Byzantine Greek γαβάθα (gabátha) and the Hesychian γαβαθόν (gabathón). Traditionally said to be from cavus (“hollow”) according to Lewis and Short and Isidore of Seville (see below). But more likely a Semitic borrowing: compare Ugaritic 𐎖𐎁𐎓𐎚 (qbʿt, “goblet”), Hebrew קֻבַּעַת (qubbáʿaṯ, “cup, goblet”), Akkadian 𒋡𒍠 (qa.ZAG /qabūtu/, “cup”), in Emar 𒄣𒉺𒄷 (qu-ba₂-ḫu /qubbaʿu/), قُبَع (qubaʕ, “bugle, trumpet”), قُبْعَة (qubʕa, “calix of a flower”), قَعْب (qaʕb, “cup”), Phoenician 𐤒𐤁𐤏 (qbʿ, “cup, goblet”), Imperial Aramaic 𐡒𐡁𐡏𐡀 (qbʿʾ), Classical Syriac ܩܘܒܥܐ (qubbəʿā, quḇʿā, “calyx of a flower”).

cog

Trānscurrunt gabatae volantque lancēs.

c.''' 91 CE, Martial, Epigrammata 7.48.3

Sīc implet gabatās paropsidasque,

Thus he fills platters and side dishes,
and polished square saucers and hollow plates.

Gavata, quia cavāta, G prō C litterā positā. Hinc et conca; sed illa cavāta, ista concāva: sīc et Graecī haec nuncupant.

c. 600 CE – 625 CE, Isidorus Hispalensis, Etymologiae 20.4.11

It's called gavata because it's hollowed out, with G put instead of C. Hence conca as well; but the former is hollowed, this one is concave: thus do the Greeks also call them.

A kind of dish or platter assumed to be made out of precious material.


narta

la-noun

narta f (genitive nartae); first declension

nartae (genitive)
narta (nominative singular)
nartae (nominative plural)
nartae (genitive singular)
nartārum (genitive plural)
nartae (dative singular)
nartīs (dative plural)
nartam (accusative singular)
nartās (accusative plural)
nartā (ablative singular)
nartīs (ablative plural)
narta (singular vocative)
nartae (plural vocative)

(New Latin, skiing) ski (one of a pair of long flat runners designed for gliding over snow or water)


pharetra

pharetra f (genitive pharetrae); first declension

pharetrae (genitive)
pharetra (nominative singular)
pharetrae (nominative plural)
pharetrae (genitive singular)
pharetrārum (genitive plural)
pharetrae (dative singular)
pharetrīs (dative plural)
pharetram (accusative singular)
pharetrās (accusative plural)
pharetrā (ablative singular)
pharetrīs (ablative plural)
pharetra (singular vocative)
pharetrae (plural vocative)

→ Italian: faretra

→ Portuguese: fáretra

→ Romanian: faretră

[ˈpʰärɛt̪rä]

[pʰäˈrɛt̪rä]

From Ancient Greek φαρέτρα (pharétra, “quiver”) possibly from φέρω (phérō). Compare with φέρετρον (phéretron).

bor

Sume fidem et pharetram fies manifestus Apollo

c. 25 BCE, Ovid, Heroides, Letter 15: "Sappho Phaoni"

Take up string and quiver and you are Apollo manifest


tudes

la-noun

tudes or tudēs m (genitive tuditis or tudis); third declension

tudes (canonical)
tudēs (canonical masculine)
tuditis (genitive)
tudis (genitive)
tudes (nominative singular)
tudēs (nominative singular)
tuditēs (nominative plural)
tudēs (nominative plural)
tuditis (genitive singular)
tudis (genitive singular)
tuditum (genitive plural)
tudium (genitive plural)
tuditī (dative singular)
tudī (dative singular)
tuditibus (dative plural)
tudibus (dative plural)
tuditem (accusative singular)
tudem (accusative singular)
tuditēs (accusative plural)
tudēs (accusative plural)
tudīs (accusative plural)
tudite (ablative singular)
tude (ablative singular)
tuditibus (ablative plural)
tudibus (ablative plural)
tudes (singular vocative)
tudēs (singular vocative)
tuditēs (plural vocative)
tudēs (plural vocative)

[ˈt̪ʊd̪eːs̠]

From Proto-Indo-European *(s)tewd-, from *(s)tew- (“to push, hit”). Cognate with tundō (“I beat, strike”), studeō (“I study”), English stot, Albanian shtyj (“to push”).


stilus

stilus m (genitive stilī); second declension

stilī (genitive)
stilus (nominative singular)
stilī (nominative plural)
stilī (genitive singular)
stilōrum (genitive plural)
stilō (dative singular)
stilīs (dative plural)
stilum (accusative singular)
stilōs (accusative plural)
stilō (ablative singular)
stilīs (ablative plural)
stile (singular vocative)
stilī (plural vocative)
stylus (alternative)

→? Albanian: shtyllë

>? Aromanian: stur

→ Catalan: estil (learned)

→ English: stylus (learned)

desctree

Old French: estile, estil, estille, setille, stile
Middle French: stile, stille, style
French: style, stile (obsolete) (see there for further descendants)
→ Middle Dutch: stijl
Dutch: stijl
→ Middle English: stile
English: style, stile (obsolete) (see there for further descendants)
Scots: style

→ Finnish: stilus (learned)

Friulian: stîl

→ Galician: estilo (learned)

→ German: Stil, Styl, Stylus (learned)
→ Lower Sorbian: stil

→ Old High German: stil (learned)

Middle High German: stil

German: Stiel

→ Middle Low German: stilus (learned)

→ Irish: stíl, stíleas (learned)

→ Hungarian: stílus (learned)

→ Indonesian: stilus (learned)

Italian: stelo; → stilo (learned)

→ Old Norse: stíll (learned)

Danish: stil (partly)

Icelandic: stíll (partly)

Norwegian Bokmål: stil (partly)

Norwegian Nynorsk: stil (partly)

Swedish: stil (partly)

→ Piedmontese: stil

→ Portuguese: estilo (learned)

q

or from Old French <i class="Latn mention" lang="fro">estai</i>

>? Old Galician-Portuguese: esteo (or from Old French estai)

Galician: esteo

Portuguese: esteio

→ Romanian: stil; →? stur

desctree

→ Spanish: estilo (learned)
→ Tagalog: estilo, istilo

Old Spanish: estelo

→ Welsh: stil, ystîl

Notes

[ˈs̠t̪ɪɫ̪ʊs̠]

Probably from Proto-Italic *stiglos (which stimulus and stiva may also be related to), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)teyg- (“to be sharp; to sting”) + *-lós. In this case, related to instīgō (“to urge, stimulate, stir up”), Ancient Greek στῐ́ζω (stĭ́zō, “to mark with a pointed instrument”), Ancient Greek στῐ́γμᾰ (stĭ́gmă, “mark, spot”), Proto-Germanic *stikaną (“to stick, stab”). An alternative derivation relates the word to Avestan 𐬯𐬙𐬀𐬉𐬭𐬀 (staēra, “mountaintop”).
Not related to Ancient Greek στῦλος (stûlos, “pillar; wooden pole”).

noncog

[…]; deinde eas confecto aequinoctio paululo infra terram secare et ligneo stilo laxatis vel rubi vel ferulae medullis stercus inmittere atque ita semina cucumeris inserere, […]

4 CE – c. 70 CE, Columella, De Re Rustica 11.3.53

(agriculture) a pointed instrument for freeing plants from worms or from shoots which grow too rankly

cum vero iam ductus sequi coeperit, non inutile erit eas tabellae quam optime insculpi, ut per illos velut sulcos ducatur stilus.

c. 35 CE – 100 CE, Quintilian, Institutio Oratoria 1.1.27

As soon as the child has begun to know the shapes of the various letters, it will be no bad thing to have them cut as accurately as possible upon a board, so that the pen may be guided along the grooves.

(in particular) a stylus or pencil used for writing on waxen tablets

Hic contra ut paulum exspectaret manu significat rursusque ceris et stilo incumbit.

61 CE – c. 112 CE, Pliny the Younger, Epistulae 7.27.9

an act of setting down in writing, composing, composition; the practice of composing; a manner of writing, mode of composition

Ejus stylus, tunc historicus.

1826, Stanislas Julien, Meng Tseu vel Mencius, page 46:

Its [sc. The Spring and Autumn Annals] style' is historical.

a style in speaking, manner of speaking, mode of expression


computatrum

la-noun

computātrum n (genitive computātrī); second declension

computātrum (canonical neuter)
computātrī (genitive)
computātrum (nominative singular)
computātra (nominative plural)
computātrī (genitive singular)
computātrōrum (genitive plural)
computātrō (dative singular)
computātrīs (dative plural)
computātrum (accusative singular)
computātra (accusative plural)
computātrō (ablative singular)
computātrīs (ablative plural)
computātrum (singular vocative)
computātra (plural vocative)

[kɔmpʊˈt̪äːt̪rʊ̃ˑ]

From comput(ō) (“I calculate, I compute”) + -trum.

suffix

Quid vero per computatrum communicare possit, nisi vacuum mentis animique sui inane, hoc nemini patet.

2004, Orestes Carbonero, Ethici Characteres Hodierni., Latinitas Opus Fundatum in Civitate Vaticana:

Truly, the bounds of what one may communicate by computer, save the vacuum of one's own empty mind and soul, is known to no one.

2014, Antti Ijäs, Investigatio linguae Finnicae https://areena.yle.fi/1-2225810, Nuntii Latini 23.4.2014

There is so much material, that it is not possible to thoroughly investigate except with the help of computers.

Materia tam ampla est, ut non nisi auxilio computatrorum pertractari possit.


aeramen

la-noun

aerāmen n (genitive aerāminis); third declension

aerāmen (canonical neuter)
aerāminis (genitive)
aerāmen (nominative singular)
aerāmina (nominative plural)
aerāminis (genitive singular)
aerāminum (genitive plural)
aerāminī (dative singular)
aerāminibus (dative plural)
aerāmen (accusative singular)
aerāmina (accusative plural)
aerāmine (ablative singular)
aerāminibus (ablative plural)
aerāmen (singular vocative)
aerāmina (plural vocative)

Balkan Romance: f

Aromanian: aramã

Romanian: aramă

Italo-Romance:

Italian: rame m

Neapolitan: rama, ramma f

Sicilian: ramu, rammu m

Calabria: rami, rama f

Insular Romance: m

desc

Sardinian: ramene, ramine, arramene, arramene, rammene, arramini

North Italian: m

Friulian: ram

Romagnol: râm

Romansch: arom, irom (Sursilvan), aram (Puter)

Venetan: arame, rame, ramo

Gallo-Romance: m

Catalan: aram

Old French: arain

French: airain

Occitan: aram

Ibero-Romance: m

Navarro-Aragonese: arampne, arambre

Aragonese: arambre

Old Galician-Portuguese: [Term?]

Galician: arame

Portuguese: arame

desctree

Old Spanish: aramne, arambre, alambre
Spanish: alambre (see there for further descendants)

desc

→ Albanian: rem, rëm — Tosk, ram — archaic, dialectal

From aer- (“copper, bronze”) + -men. Attested in the Codex Theodosianus and the writings of Theodorus Priscianus.


sarissa

la-noun

sarissa f (genitive sarissae); first declension

sarissae (genitive)
sarissa (nominative singular)
sarissae (nominative plural)
sarissae (genitive singular)
sarissārum (genitive plural)
sarissae (dative singular)
sarissīs (dative plural)
sarissam (accusative singular)
sarissās (accusative plural)
sarissā (ablative singular)
sarissīs (ablative plural)
sarissa (singular vocative)
sarissae (plural vocative)
sarisa (alternative)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek σάρισσα (sárissa), alternative forms of σάρῑσα (sárīsa).

sarissa (a long pike used in the traditional Greek phalanx formation)


gorytos

gōrȳtos m (genitive gōrȳtī); second declension

gōrȳtos (canonical masculine)
gōrȳtī (genitive)
gōrȳtos (nominative singular)
gōrȳtī (nominative plural)
gōrȳtoe (nominative plural)
gōrȳtī (genitive singular)
gōrȳtōrum (genitive plural)
gōrȳtō (dative singular)
gōrȳtīs (dative plural)
gōrȳton (accusative singular)
gōrȳtōs (accusative plural)
gōrȳtō (ablative singular)
gōrȳtīs (ablative plural)
gōrȳte (singular vocative)
gōrȳtī (plural vocative)
gōrȳtoe (plural vocative)
cōrȳtos (alternative)
gōrȳtus (alternative)

Spanish: goldre

[ɡoːˈryːt̪ɔs̠]

Borrowed from Ancient Greek γωρῡτός (gōrūtós, “quiver”), possibly from Scythian.


taxus

la-noun

taxus f (genitive taxī); second declension

taxī (genitive)
taxus (nominative singular)
taxī (nominative plural)
taxī (genitive singular)
taxōrum (genitive plural)
taxō (dative singular)
taxīs (dative plural)
taxum (accusative singular)
taxōs (accusative plural)
taxō (ablative singular)
taxīs (ablative plural)
taxe (singular vocative)
taxī (plural vocative)

Asturian: texu

Catalan: teix

French: taxacées

Italian: tasso

Old Galician-Portuguese:

Galician: teixo

Portuguese: teixo

Spanish: tejo

Venetan: taso

→? Esperanto: taksuso

Ido: taxuso

→ Translingual: Taxus

A loanword of Scythian origin, from Proto-Iranian *taxša, from Proto-Indo-European *tekʷ- (“to flee, run”), as the fruit was considered poisonous. Also compare modern Persian تخش (taxš, “crossbow”).

der

[ˈt̪äks̠ʊs̠]

(poetic) A javelin made of the wood of the yew tree.


verber

la-noun

verber n (genitive verberis); third declension

verberis (genitive)
verber (nominative singular)
verbera (nominative plural)
verberis (genitive singular)
verberum (genitive plural)
verberī (dative singular)
verberibus (dative plural)
verber (accusative singular)
verbera (accusative plural)
verbere (ablative singular)
verberibus (ablative plural)
verber (singular vocative)
verbera (plural vocative)

From Proto-Italic *werβos, from Proto-Indo-European *werbʰ-. Cognate with English warp, Lithuanian vir̃bas (“rod, twig, cane”), Proto-Slavic *vьrba (“willow”).


structura

strūctūra f (genitive strūctūrae); first declension

strūctūra (canonical feminine)
strūctūrae (genitive)
strūctūra (nominative singular)
strūctūrae (nominative plural)
strūctūrae (genitive singular)
strūctūrārum (genitive plural)
strūctūrae (dative singular)
strūctūrīs (dative plural)
strūctūram (accusative singular)
strūctūrās (accusative plural)
strūctūrā (ablative singular)
strūctūrīs (ablative plural)
strūctūra (singular vocative)
strūctūrae (plural vocative)

→ Afrikaans: struktuur

→ Bulgarian: структура (struktura)

→ Catalan: estructura

→ Czech: struktura

→ English: structure

→ Esperanto: strukturo

→ French: structure

→ Friulian: struture

→ German: Struktur

→ Hungarian: struktúra

→ Irish: struchtúr

→ Ido: strukturo

→ Italian: struttura

→ Macedonian: структура (struktura)

→ Dutch: structuur

→ Papiamentu: struktura

→ Piedmontese: strutura

→ Portuguese: estrutura

→ Romanian: structură

→ Russian: структура (struktura)

→ Spanish: estructura

→ Venetan: strutura

→ Welsh: strwythur

From struō (“to build”) + -tūra (“concrete action noun suffix”).

affix

(concrete, construction) masonry, brickwork; cement (the result of application of a certain construction technique)


colubrina

la-noun

colubrīna f (genitive colubrīnae); first declension

colubrīna (canonical feminine)
colubrīnae (genitive)
colubrīna (nominative singular)
colubrīnae (nominative plural)
colubrīnae (genitive singular)
colubrīnārum (genitive plural)
colubrīnae (dative singular)
colubrīnīs (dative plural)
colubrīnam (accusative singular)
colubrīnās (accusative plural)
colubrīnā (ablative singular)
colubrīnīs (ablative plural)
colubrīna (singular vocative)
colubrīnae (plural vocative)

→ Italian: colubrina (learned)

Nominalized feminine singular form of Classical Latin colubrīnus (“serpent-like”), derived from coluber (“snake”).

noncog

[kɔɫ̪ʊˈbriːnä]

[kɔɫ̪ʊˈbriːnäː]


pectorale

la-noun

pectorāle n (genitive pectorālis); third declension

pectorāle (canonical neuter)
pectorālis (genitive)
pectorāle (nominative singular)
pectorālia (nominative plural)
pectorālis (genitive singular)
pectorālium (genitive plural)
pectorālī (dative singular)
pectorālibus (dative plural)
pectorāle (accusative singular)
pectorālia (accusative plural)
pectorālī (ablative singular)
pectorālibus (ablative plural)
pectorāle (singular vocative)
pectorālia (plural vocative)

→ English: pectoral

French: peitral

Spanish: peitral

Polish: pektorał

[pɛkt̪ɔˈräːɫ̪ɛ]

From pectorālis (“of or pertaining to the breast”).

breastplate, a form of armour of a human or mount

breastgirth, breastplate, breaststrap, a contrivance on a mount preventing the saddle from sliding back


bulga

bulga f (genitive bulgae); first declension

bulgae (genitive)
bulga (nominative singular)
bulgae (nominative plural)
bulgae (genitive singular)
bulgārum (genitive plural)
bulgae (dative singular)
bulgīs (dative plural)
bulgam (accusative singular)
bulgās (accusative plural)
bulgā (ablative singular)
bulgīs (ablative plural)
bulga (singular vocative)
bulgae (plural vocative)

→ Old French: bouge, boulge, bolge (see there for further descendants)

Borrowed from Gaulish bolgā, from Proto-Celtic *bolgos.


carpentum

carpentum n (genitive carpentī); second declension

carpentī (genitive)
carpentum (nominative singular)
carpenta (nominative plural)
carpentī (genitive singular)
carpentōrum (genitive plural)
carpentō (dative singular)
carpentīs (dative plural)
carpentum (accusative singular)
carpenta (accusative plural)
carpentō (ablative singular)
carpentīs (ablative plural)
carpentum (singular vocative)
carpenta (plural vocative)

Italian: carpento

Old French: charpent

French: charpente

Portuguese: carpento

[kärˈpɛn̪t̪ʊ̃ˑ]

Borrowed from Gaulish carbantos, from Proto-Celtic *karbantos (“chariot, war chariot”).


subula

la-noun

sūbula f (genitive sūbulae); first declension

sūbula (canonical feminine)
sūbulae (genitive)
sūbula (nominative singular)
sūbulae (nominative plural)
sūbulae (genitive singular)
sūbulārum (genitive plural)
sūbulae (dative singular)
sūbulīs (dative plural)
sūbulam (accusative singular)
sūbulās (accusative plural)
sūbulā (ablative singular)
sūbulīs (ablative plural)
sūbula (singular vocative)
sūbulae (plural vocative)

Aromanian: sulã

Catalan (Algherese): sula

q

via diminutive <i class="Latn mention" lang="la">*sūbella</i>

Galician: subela (via diminutive *sūbella)

Italian: subbia (“chisel”)

Portuguese: sovela

Romanian: sulă

Spanish: subilla (via diminutive *sūbella)

Venetan: sùbia

→ Greek: σούβλα f (soúvla, “spit”)

From Proto-Indo-European *syuh₁-dʰleh₂, which consists of the root *syuh₁- (“sew”) and the suffix *-dʰlom (“tool suffix”). This becomes the Latin derivation suō (“to sew”) + -bula.
Cognate to Russian шило (šilo, “awl”) and Czech šídlo (“awl”), and to Proto-Germanic *siwjaną (“to sew”).


capisterium

la-noun

capistērium n (genitive capistēriī or capistērī); second declension

capistērium (canonical neuter)
capistēriī (genitive)
capistērī (genitive)
capistērium (nominative singular)
capistēria (nominative plural)
capistēriī (genitive singular)
capistērī (genitive singular)
capistēriōrum (genitive plural)
capistēriō (dative singular)
capistēriīs (dative plural)
capistērium (accusative singular)
capistēria (accusative plural)
capistēriō (ablative singular)
capistēriīs (ablative plural)
capistērium (singular vocative)
capistēria (plural vocative)
scaphistērium (alternative)

Abruzzese: capistieru, capistiera

desc

Old French: chastoire, chatoire (“beehive”)

→ Old High German: chafteri (“beehive”),

Middle High German: chafter (“beehive; little chamber, closet”)

German: Käfter (“little chamber, closet”)

→ Hungarian: kaptár (“beehive”)

Italian: capisteo (“agricultural container”)

Romanian: căpistere (“kneading trough”)

[käpɪs̠ˈt̪eːriʊ̃ˑ]

From Ancient Greek σκαφιστήριον (skaphistḗrion, “vessel used for cleaning, separating seed grain from the rest”), from σκάφος (skáphos, “ship's hull, hollow”).

bor

σκαφιστήριον


haustrum

la-noun

haustrum n (genitive haustrī); second declension

haustrī (genitive)
haustrum (nominative singular)
haustra (nominative plural)
haustrī (genitive singular)
haustrōrum (genitive plural)
haustrō (dative singular)
haustrīs (dative plural)
haustrum (accusative singular)
haustra (accusative plural)
haustrō (ablative singular)
haustrīs (ablative plural)
haustrum (singular vocative)
haustra (plural vocative)
austrum (alternative)

[ˈhäu̯s̠t̪rʊ̃ˑ]

A tool for drawing water; scoop, bucket.


sparus

sparus m (genitive sparī); second declension

sparī (genitive)
sparus (nominative singular)
sparī (nominative plural)
sparī (genitive singular)
sparōrum (genitive plural)
sparō (dative singular)
sparīs (dative plural)
sparum (accusative singular)
sparōs (accusative plural)
sparō (ablative singular)
sparīs (ablative plural)
spare (singular vocative)
sparī (plural vocative)
spara (alternative)

From Proto-Indo-European *sperH- (“spear, a kind of tree”). Compare Proto-Germanic *speru (“spear”), Albanian shpardh (“Italian oak”).

der

hunting spear; a small missile weapon with a curved blade


sappa

la-noun

sappa f (genitive sappae); first declension

sappae (genitive)
sappa (nominative singular)
sappae (nominative plural)
sappae (genitive singular)
sappārum (genitive plural)
sappae (dative singular)
sappīs (dative plural)
sappam (accusative singular)
sappās (accusative plural)
sappā (ablative singular)
sappīs (ablative plural)
sappa (singular vocative)
sappae (plural vocative)

Aromanian: sapã

Catalan: sapa

Friulian: sape

Italian: zappa
→ Greek: τσάπα (tsápa)

Old French: sappe

French: sape

→ English: sap

Piedmontese: sapa

Portuguese: sapa

Romanian: sapă

Sicilian: zappa

Spanish: zapa

Venetan: sapa

Found in Late Latin, but of uncertain origin.


patera

patera f (genitive paterae); first declension

paterae (genitive)
patera (nominative singular)
paterae (nominative plural)
paterae (genitive singular)
paterārum (genitive plural)
paterae (dative singular)
paterīs (dative plural)
pateram (accusative singular)
paterās (accusative plural)
paterā (ablative singular)
paterīs (ablative plural)
patera (singular vocative)
paterae (plural vocative)

⇒ Catalan: plàtera

→ English: patera

Apparently a nominal formation from pateō (“to be open, gape”).

Ipsa, tenēns dextrā pateram, pulcherrima Dīdō

Most beautiful Dido herself, holding the [ritual] vessel in her right [hand], pours [a libation] in-between the horns of a pure white cow [before it is sacrificed to the gods].
(See: Patera.)

candentis vaccae media inter cornua fundit, ….

A broad, flat dish, saucer, bowl, or vessel, used especially for libations during a religious rite or sacrifice


iaculus

iaculus m (genitive iaculī); second declension

iaculī (genitive)
iaculus (nominative singular)
iaculī (nominative plural)
iaculī (genitive singular)
iaculōrum (genitive plural)
iaculō (dative singular)
iaculīs (dative plural)
iaculum (accusative singular)
iaculōs (accusative plural)
iaculō (ablative singular)
iaculīs (ablative plural)
iacule (singular vocative)
iaculī (plural vocative)
jaculus (alternative)

[ˈi̯äkʊɫ̪ʊs̠]

From iaciō (“I throw, hurl, cast, fling”) + -ulus.

suffix

Sed iaculi, quibus capulantur, …

L. Iunii Moderati Columellae de re rustica libri (lib. 6, cap. 2, sect. 4); in: Scriptores rei rusticae veteres latini Cato, Varro, Columella, Palladius[.] Quibus nunc accedit Vegetius de mulo-medicina et Gargilii Martialis fragmentum cum editionibus prope omnibus et MSS. pluribus collati[.] Adiectae notae virorum clariss. integrae tum editae tum ineditae et lexicon rei rusticae curante Io. Matthia Gesnero [Nom. Io. Matthias Gesnerus], 1735, p. 572

Note: In some other editions this is: "Sed laquei, quibus capulantur …".

(dubious) lasso; sling or noose thrown over the horns of oxen


buttis

la-noun

buttis f (genitive buttis); third declension

buttis (genitive)
buttis (nominative singular)
buttēs (nominative plural)
buttis (genitive singular)
buttium (genitive plural)
buttī (dative singular)
buttibus (dative plural)
buttem (accusative singular)
buttēs (accusative plural)
buttīs (accusative plural)
butte (ablative singular)
buttibus (ablative plural)
buttis (singular vocative)
buttēs (plural vocative)
būtis (alternative)
butta (alternative)
būta (alternative)
bōta (alternative)

Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: buti

Romanian: bute, butoi

Italo-Dalmatian:

Italian: botte

Neapolitan: votte

Sicilian: vutti

Old French: boute

→ Irish: buta

Old Occitan: bota

Catalan: bot

→ French: botte

West Iberian:

Galician: bota

Spanish: boto, bota

→ Albanian: but

→ Serbo-Croatian: буцањ / bucanj

→ Slovene: búča

Probably via Greek (compare Ancient Greek πυτίνη (putínē, “flask”) and βοῦττις (boûttis)), ultimately from the imitative Proto-Indo-European *bʰeHw- (“to swell, puff”). Also see German Bütte, Latin bulla.

onomatopoeic

imitative

der

Aliquando vir Dei buttem vini repositam apud quamdam suam capellam habuerat […]

c. 1080, John of Lodi, Vita B. Damiani, section 22:

On one occasion, the man of God had left a cask of wine by a certain chapel of his […]

(Late Latin, Medieval Latin) cask, barrel


baris

la-noun

bāris f (genitive bāridos); third declension

bāris (canonical feminine)
bāridos (genitive)
bāris (nominative singular)
bārides (nominative plural)
bāridos (genitive singular)
bāridum (genitive plural)
bāridī (dative singular)
bāridibus (dative plural)
bārida (accusative singular)
bāridas (accusative plural)
bāride (ablative singular)
bāridibus (ablative plural)
bāris (singular vocative)
bāri (singular vocative)
bārides (plural vocative)

desctree

Late Latin: barca
Gallo-Italian:
Venetan: barca
Iberian:
Old Galician-Portuguese: barca
Galician: barca
Portuguese: barca
Spanish: barca
East Iberian/Occitano-Romance:
Old Occitan: barca
Catalan: barca
Occitan: barca
Italo-Dalmatian:
Dalmatian: buarca
Italian: barca
→ Hungarian: bárka
→ Romanian: barcă
→ Serbo-Croatian: barka
Sicilian: varca
Oïl:
Old French: barge
Middle French: barge
French: barge
→ Russian: баржа (barža)
→ Middle English: barge, bargge, baarge, berge, barche
English: barge
Scots: bairge (possibly)
Rhaetian:
Friulian: barcje
Romansch: bartga
Medieval Latin: barca, barcha, barga
→ Middle French: barque
French: barque
→ English: barque
→ Russian: барк (bark)
→ Faroese: bark
→ Norwegian: bark
→ Danish: bark
→ Irish: bárc
→ Middle Breton: barc
Breton: barc
→ Middle Dutch: barke
Dutch: bark
→ Middle High German: barke
German: Barke
→ Middle Low German: barke
→ Russian: барка (barka)
→ Middle English: barke
English: bark
→ Welsh: barc
→ Byzantine Greek: βάρκα (bárka) (reborrowing)
Greek: βάρκα (várka)
→ Aromanian: varcã

From Ancient Greek βᾶρις (bâris), from Coptic ⲃⲁⲁⲣⲉ (baare), from Demotic br, from Egyptian bꜣjr, b-bA-A-y:r*Z1-P1

Propertius 3.11.44

baris (a type of flat-bottomed freighter used on the Nile in Ancient Egypt)


capis

la-noun

capis f (genitive capidis); third declension

capidis (genitive)
capis (nominative singular)
capidēs (nominative plural)
capidis (genitive singular)
capidum (genitive plural)
capidī (dative singular)
capidibus (dative plural)
capidem (accusative singular)
capidēs (accusative plural)
capide (ablative singular)
capidibus (ablative plural)
capis (singular vocative)
capidēs (plural vocative)

Maybe from Proto-Indo-European *keh₂p- (“to seize, grab”), the same root of capiō (“to grab”).


cantharus

la-noun

cantharus m (genitive cantharī); second declension

cantharī (genitive)
cantharus (nominative singular)
cantharī (nominative plural)
cantharī (genitive singular)
cantharōrum (genitive plural)
cantharō (dative singular)
cantharīs (dative plural)
cantharum (accusative singular)
cantharōs (accusative plural)
cantharō (ablative singular)
cantharīs (ablative plural)
canthare (singular vocative)
cantharī (plural vocative)
cantarus (alternative)

Italian: cantero

→ Catalan: càntar

→ English: cantharus

→ French: canthare

→ Galician: cântaro

→ Italian: cantaro

→ Portuguese: cântaro

→ Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ка̏нта̄р

Latin script: kȁntār

→ Spanish: cántaro

Translingual: Cantharus

[ˈkän̪t̪ʰärʊs̠]

From Ancient Greek κάνθαρος (kántharos).

a kind of sea-fish, possibly the black seabream (Spondyliosoma cantharus)


furnus

furnus m (genitive furnī); second declension

furnī (genitive)
furnus (nominative singular)
furnī (nominative plural)
furnī (genitive singular)
furnōrum (genitive plural)
furnō (dative singular)
furnīs (dative plural)
furnum (accusative singular)
furnōs (accusative plural)
furnō (ablative singular)
furnīs (ablative plural)
furne (singular vocative)
furnī (plural vocative)
fornus (alternative)

Corsican: fornu, forru, furru

Dalmatian: forno

Istriot: furno

Italian: forno

Eastern Romance:

Aromanian: furnu, fur, furu, furnã

Emilian: fåuren

Extremaduran: fornu

Franco-Provençal: forn

Lombard: fòrn

Navarro-Aragonese:

Aragonese: forno

Neapolitan: furno

Old French: forn

French: four

Norman: fou, four (Guernsey)

Walloon: for

Old Occitan: forn
Occitan: forn

Catalan: forn

Old Leonese:

Asturian: fornu, forno, furnu, ḥornu

Mirandese: forno

desctree

Old Galician-Portuguese: forno
Fala: fornu, folnu
Galician: forno
Portuguese: forno
Guinea-Bissau Creole: furnu

Old Spanish: forno

Spanish: horno, forno (archaic)
→ Cebuano: orno
→ Tagalog: hurno

Piedmontese: furn

Rhaeto-Romance:

Friulian: fôr

Ladin: forn

Romansch: furn, fuorn

Sardinian: forru, furru

Sicilian: furnu

→ Albanian: furrë

→ Ancient Greek: φοῦρνος (phoûrnos) (see there for further descendants)

→ Bulgarian: фурна (furna)

→ Dutch: fornuis

→ Kabyle: ufarnu

→ Macedonian: фурна (furna)

→ Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: фуруна

Latin script: furuna

→ Proto-Brythonic: *furn (see there for further descendants)

From Proto-Italic *fornos, from earlier xʷornos, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰr̥-nós, from *gʷʰer- (“warm, hot”). Cognate with Old Irish gorn, Proto-Slavic *gъrnъ, Albanian zjarr, Old Armenian ջերմ (ǰerm). Related to formus.


forfex

la-noun

forfex f or m (genitive forficis); third declension

forficis (genitive)
forfex (nominative singular)
forficēs (nominative plural)
forficis (genitive singular)
forficum (genitive plural)
forficī (dative singular)
forficibus (dative plural)
forficem (accusative singular)
forficēs (accusative plural)
forfice (ablative singular)
forficibus (ablative plural)
forfex (singular vocative)
forficēs (plural vocative)

Aromanian: foarficã, foarticã, fortãche

Emilian: forbza

French: forces

Friulian: fuarpis, fuarfis, forfes

→ Venetan: forfe

Lombard: fores (Milano), forves (Bregaglia), fraus (Mesolcina)

Neapolitan: forfece, fuerceue (Bari) frovece (Abruzzo, medieval)

Occitan: forfe, forfias (Vivaro-Alpine)

Old Italian: forfice

Italian: forbice, forbici

Romanian: foarfecă, foarfece

Romagnol: formece

Romansch: forsch, forbesch

desc

Sardinian: fóltighe, fórfiga, fórfighe, forbigi

Sicilian: fòrficia, fròvici

Venetan: forfeze (Padova), forbeze (Verona)

→ Portuguese: fórfice

According to de Vaan, from Proto-Italic *forðom, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerdʰ- (“to capture, shear”), and cognate with Umbrian [script needed] (furfant, “to do something (probably shearing) to sheep”), Ancient Greek πέρθω (pérthō, “to sack, to ravage”), and πορθέω (porthéō, “to pillage”).


destinandus

la-part

dēstinandus (feminine dēstinanda, neuter dēstinandum); first/second-declension participle

dēstinandus (canonical)
dēstinanda (feminine)
dēstinandum (neuter)
dēstinandus (masculine nominative singular)
dēstinanda (feminine nominative singular)
dēstinandum (neuter nominative singular)
dēstinandī (masculine nominative singular)
dēstinandae (feminine nominative plural)
dēstinanda (neuter nominative plural)
dēstinandī (genitive masculine singular)
dēstinandae (feminine genitive singular)
dēstinandī (genitive neuter singular)
dēstinandōrum (genitive masculine singular)
dēstinandārum (feminine genitive plural)
dēstinandōrum (genitive neuter plural)
dēstinandō (dative masculine singular)
dēstinandae (dative feminine singular)
dēstinandō (dative neuter singular)
dēstinandīs (dative feminine masculine neuter)
dēstinandum (accusative masculine singular)
dēstinandam (accusative feminine singular)
dēstinandum (accusative neuter singular)
dēstinandōs (accusative masculine singular)
dēstinandās (accusative feminine plural)
dēstinanda (accusative neuter plural)
dēstinandō (ablative masculine singular)
dēstinandā (ablative feminine singular)
dēstinandō (ablative neuter singular)
dēstinandīs (ablative feminine masculine neuter)
dēstinande (masculine singular vocative)
dēstinanda (feminine singular vocative)
dēstinandum (neuter singular vocative)
dēstinandī (masculine singular vocative)
dēstinandae (feminine plural vocative)
dēstinanda (neuter plural vocative)

Future passive participle (gerundive) of dēstinō (“bind, fasten”).


armatus

la-noun

armātus m (genitive armātūs); fourth declension

armātus (canonical masculine)
armātūs (genitive)
armātus (nominative singular)
armātūs (nominative plural)
armātūs (genitive singular)
armātuum (genitive plural)
armātuī (dative singular)
armātibus (dative plural)
armātum (accusative singular)
armātūs (accusative plural)
armātū (ablative singular)
armātibus (ablative plural)
armātus (singular vocative)
armātūs (plural vocative)


terebra

terebra f (genitive terebrae); first declension

terebrae (genitive)
terebra (nominative singular)
terebrae (nominative plural)
terebrae (genitive singular)
terebrārum (genitive plural)
terebrae (dative singular)
terebrīs (dative plural)
terebram (accusative singular)
terebrās (accusative plural)
terebrā (ablative singular)
terebrīs (ablative plural)
terebra (singular vocative)
terebrae (plural vocative)
terebrum (alternative)

→ Italian: terebra

→ Portuguese: térebra

→ Translingual: Terebra


scalprum

scalprum n (genitive scalprī); second declension

scalprī (genitive)
scalprum (nominative singular)
scalpra (nominative plural)
scalprī (genitive singular)
scalprōrum (genitive plural)
scalprō (dative singular)
scalprīs (dative plural)
scalprum (accusative singular)
scalpra (accusative plural)
scalprō (ablative singular)
scalprīs (ablative plural)
scalprum (singular vocative)
scalpra (plural vocative)
scalper (alternative)

Catalan: escarpre, escarpra

French: échoppe

Galician: escoupro

Portuguese: escopro

Spanish: escalplo, escoplo

From scalpō + -rum (instrument-noun-forming suffix).


chalybs

la-noun

chalybs m (genitive chalybis); third declension

chalybis (genitive)
chalybs (nominative singular)
chalybēs (nominative plural)
chalybis (genitive singular)
chalybum (genitive plural)
chalybī (dative singular)
chalybibus (dative plural)
chalybem (accusative singular)
chalybēs (accusative plural)
chalybe (ablative singular)
chalybibus (ablative plural)
chalybs (singular vocative)
chalybēs (plural vocative)
calibs (alternative)

[ˈkʰälʲʏps̠]

Borrowed from Ancient Greek χάλυψ (khálups).

weapons or implements made from iron or steel

ferrum

iron, tool made of iron, weapon made of iron


sinum

sīnum n (genitive sīnī); second declension

sīnum (canonical neuter)
sīnī (genitive)
sīnum (nominative singular)
sīna (nominative plural)
sīnī (genitive singular)
sīnōrum (genitive plural)
sīnō (dative singular)
sīnīs (dative plural)
sīnum (accusative singular)
sīna (accusative plural)
sīnō (ablative singular)
sīnīs (ablative plural)
sīnum (singular vocative)
sīna (plural vocative)
sīnus (alternative)

Maybe from a Proto-Indo-European root common with Lithuanian sìlis (“crib”) and sìlė (“trough”).

A large, round drinking vessel with swelling sides


ferraria

ferrāria f (genitive ferrāriae); first declension

ferrāria (canonical feminine)
ferrāriae (genitive)
ferrāria (nominative singular)
ferrāriae (nominative plural)
ferrāriae (genitive singular)
ferrāriārum (genitive plural)
ferrāriae (dative singular)
ferrāriīs (dative plural)
ferrāriam (accusative singular)
ferrāriās (accusative plural)
ferrāriā (ablative singular)
ferrāriīs (ablative plural)
ferrāria (singular vocative)
ferrāriae (plural vocative)


cobaltum

cōbaltum n (genitive cōbaltī); second declension

cōbaltum (canonical neuter)
cōbaltī (genitive)
cōbaltum (nominative singular)
cōbalta (nominative plural)
cōbaltī (genitive singular)
cōbaltōrum (genitive plural)
cōbaltō (dative singular)
cōbaltīs (dative plural)
cōbaltum (accusative singular)
cōbalta (accusative plural)
cōbaltō (ablative singular)
cōbaltīs (ablative plural)
cōbaltum (singular vocative)
cōbalta (plural vocative)

[koːˈbäɫ̪t̪ʊ̃ˑ]


fidelia

fidēlia f (genitive fidēliae); first declension

fidēlia (canonical feminine)
fidēliae (genitive)
fidēlia (nominative singular)
fidēliae (nominative plural)
fidēliae (genitive singular)
fidēliārum (genitive plural)
fidēliae (dative singular)
fidēliīs (dative plural)
fidēliam (accusative singular)
fidēliās (accusative plural)
fidēliā (ablative singular)
fidēliīs (ablative plural)
fidēlia (singular vocative)
fidēliae (plural vocative)

According to Pokorny, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰidʰ- (“jar”), with Ancient Greek πίθος (píthos, “large wine jar, cask”) (also πίδος (pídos), φιδάκνη (phidáknē) etc.) and Old Norse biða (“milk pail”) as the only cognates outside of Latin, plus a possible relationship with Latin fiscus (“woven basket”). However, the unexpected variations in Greek, along with the suspiciously limited, noun-only root, could point to substrate or wanderwort origin, which is typical of words for neolithic cultural items in Indo-European.


manganum

la-noun

manganum n (genitive manganī); second declension

manganī (genitive)
manganum (nominative singular)
mangana (nominative plural)
manganī (genitive singular)
manganōrum (genitive plural)
manganō (dative singular)
manganīs (dative plural)
manganum (accusative singular)
mangana (accusative plural)
manganō (ablative singular)
manganīs (ablative plural)
manganum (singular vocative)
mangana (plural vocative)

New Latin, altered from Medieval Latin magnesia.

[ˈmäŋɡänʊ̃ˑ]


molybdaenum

molybdaenum n (genitive molybdaenī); second declension

molybdaenī (genitive)
molybdaenum (nominative singular)
molybdaena (nominative plural)
molybdaenī (genitive singular)
molybdaenōrum (genitive plural)
molybdaenō (dative singular)
molybdaenīs (dative plural)
molybdaenum (accusative singular)
molybdaena (accusative plural)
molybdaenō (ablative singular)
molybdaenīs (ablative plural)
molybdaenum (singular vocative)
molybdaena (plural vocative)
molybdenum (alternative)
molybdænum (alternative)

[mɔlʲʏbˈd̪äe̯nʊ̃ˑ]

From New Latin molybdaena (“any of various substances resembling lead, including lead and molybdenum, their sulphides, and graphite”), from Ancient Greek μολύβδαινα (molúbdaina, “a plummet”), from μόλυβδος (mólubdos, “lead; graphite”), from an Anatolian word cognate with Lydian 𐤪𐤠𐤭𐤦𐤥𐤣𐤠 (mariwda, “dark”), from Proto-Indo-European *morkʷ-iyo-, from a root *morkʷ- (“dark”).
Attested since the last quarter of 18th century.


niccolum

la-noun

niccolum n (genitive niccolī); second declension

niccolī (genitive)
niccolum (nominative singular)
niccola (nominative plural)
niccolī (genitive singular)
niccolōrum (genitive plural)
niccolō (dative singular)
niccolīs (dative plural)
niccolum (accusative singular)
niccola (accusative plural)
niccolō (ablative singular)
niccolīs (ablative plural)
niccolum (singular vocative)
niccola (plural vocative)

[ˈnɪkːɔɫ̪ʊ̃ˑ]


currus

currus m (genitive currūs); fourth declension

currūs (genitive)
currus (nominative singular)
currūs (nominative plural)
currūs (genitive singular)
curruum (genitive plural)
curruī (dative singular)
curribus (dative plural)
currum (accusative singular)
currūs (accusative plural)
currū (ablative singular)
curribus (ablative plural)
currus (singular vocative)
currūs (plural vocative)

From Proto-Italic *korzos, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱr̥sós (“vehicle”), from *ḱers- (“to run”), the same root of currō. Doublet of carrus.


dromo

dromō m (genitive dromōnis); third declension

dromō (canonical masculine)
dromōnis (genitive)
dromō (nominative singular)
dromōnēs (nominative plural)
dromōnis (genitive singular)
dromōnum (genitive plural)
dromōnī (dative singular)
dromōnibus (dative plural)
dromōnem (accusative singular)
dromōnēs (accusative plural)
dromōne (ablative singular)
dromōnibus (ablative plural)
dromō (singular vocative)
dromōnēs (plural vocative)


alvearium

alveārium n (genitive alveāriī or alveārī); second declension

alveārium (canonical neuter)
alveāriī (genitive)
alveārī (genitive)
alveārium (nominative singular)
alveāria (nominative plural)
alveāriī (genitive singular)
alveārī (genitive singular)
alveāriōrum (genitive plural)
alveāriō (dative singular)
alveāriīs (dative plural)
alveārium (accusative singular)
alveāria (accusative plural)
alveāriō (ablative singular)
alveāriīs (ablative plural)
alveārium (singular vocative)
alveāria (plural vocative)
alveāre (alternative)

Dalmatian: alviar

⇒ Galician: alvariza

Italian: alveare

→ Spanish: alveario

From alveus (“hollow, belly, vessel, beehive”) + -ārium (re-substantivation), via *alveārius (relating to hollows, etc.).


mulctrale

la-noun

mulctrāle n (genitive mulctrālis); third declension

mulctrāle (canonical neuter)
mulctrālis (genitive)
mulctrāle (nominative singular)
mulctrālia (nominative plural)
mulctrālis (genitive singular)
mulctrālium (genitive plural)
mulctrālī (dative singular)
mulctrālibus (dative plural)
mulctrāle (accusative singular)
mulctrālia (accusative plural)
mulctrālī (ablative singular)
mulctrālibus (ablative plural)
mulctrāle (singular vocative)
mulctrālia (plural vocative)

From mulgeō (“to milk”) via a derivative like mulctrum (“milk-pail”), mulctra + -āle, neuter singular of -ālis.


essedum

essedum n (genitive essedī); second declension

essedī (genitive)
essedum (nominative singular)
esseda (nominative plural)
essedī (genitive singular)
essedōrum (genitive plural)
essedō (dative singular)
essedīs (dative plural)
essedum (accusative singular)
esseda (accusative plural)
essedō (ablative singular)
essedīs (ablative plural)
essedum (singular vocative)
esseda (plural vocative)

[ˈɛs̠ːɛd̪ʊ̃ˑ]

Of Celtic origin, from Gaulish asseda, from Proto-Celtic *eks-dī-sedo-, the root of which is from Proto-Indo-European *sed- (“sit”); cognate with Old Breton assedam.


harundo

harundō f (genitive harundinis); third declension

harundō (canonical feminine)
harundinis (genitive)
harundō (nominative singular)
harundinēs (nominative plural)
harundinis (genitive singular)
harundinum (genitive plural)
harundinī (dative singular)
harundinibus (dative plural)
harundinem (accusative singular)
harundinēs (accusative plural)
harundine (ablative singular)
harundinibus (ablative plural)
harundō (singular vocative)
harundinēs (plural vocative)
arundō (alternative)

Probably from Gaulish *garunda (“shallows, riverbank”), which is also related to Ancient Greek Γαρουνᾶς (Garounâs), Γαρύνας (Garúnas).


harpago

la-noun

harpagō m (genitive harpagōnis); third declension

harpagō (canonical masculine)
harpagōnis (genitive)
harpagō (nominative singular)
harpagōnēs (nominative plural)
harpagōnis (genitive singular)
harpagōnum (genitive plural)
harpagōnī (dative singular)
harpagōnibus (dative plural)
harpagōnem (accusative singular)
harpagōnēs (accusative plural)
harpagōne (ablative singular)
harpagōnibus (ablative plural)
harpagō (singular vocative)
harpagōnēs (plural vocative)

→ English: harpago, harpagon

desctree

→ French: harpagon
→ Romanian: harpagon, arpagon

Old French: harpon

→ English: harpoon

→ Dutch: harpoen (see there for further descendants)

French: harpon
→ Romanian: harpon

Portuguese: arpão

Italian: arpagone, arpione

→ Translingual: Harpago

From Ancient Greek ἁρπάγη (harpágē, “hook”), from ἁρπάζω (harpázō, “to snatch away, to carry off, to seize, to captivate”), of uncertain origin.


navigium

la-noun

nāvigium n (genitive nāvigiī or nāvigī); second declension

nāvigium (canonical neuter)
nāvigiī (genitive)
nāvigī (genitive)
nāvigium (nominative singular)
nāvigia (nominative plural)
nāvigiī (genitive singular)
nāvigī (genitive singular)
nāvigiōrum (genitive plural)
nāvigiō (dative singular)
nāvigiīs (dative plural)
nāvigium (accusative singular)
nāvigia (accusative plural)
nāvigiō (ablative singular)
nāvigiīs (ablative plural)
nāvigium (singular vocative)
nāvigia (plural vocative)

Inherited:

> Old French: navoi (inherited)

desc

> Old Galician-Portuguese: navio (inherited)

> Galician: navío (inherited)

> Portuguese: navio (inherited)

> Old Occitan: naveg, navegi, navigi, navei (inherited)

> Occitan: naviri (inherited)

> Spanish: navío (inherited)

Borrowings:

→ Italian: navigio (learned)

Derived from nāvigia:

> Old French: navie (inherited)

Anglo-Norman:

→ Middle English: nave, navye

> English: navy (inherited)

Derived from altered Late Vulgar Latin *nāvilium:

> Catalan: navili (inherited)

> Italian: naviglio (inherited)

> Old French: navirie, navilie (inherited)

> Middle French: navire (inherited)

> French: navire (inherited)

> Old Occitan: naveli, navili (inherited)

Occitan: navili

From nāvigō (“to sail”) + -ium, from nāvis (“ship”).


ratis

la-noun

ratis f (genitive ratis); third declension

ratis (genitive)
ratis (nominative singular)
ratēs (nominative plural)
ratis (genitive singular)
ratium (genitive plural)
ratī (dative singular)
ratibus (dative plural)
ratem (accusative singular)
ratim (accusative singular)
ratēs (accusative plural)
ratīs (accusative plural)
rate (ablative singular)
ratī (ablative singular)
ratibus (ablative plural)
ratis (singular vocative)
ratēs (plural vocative)

Old French: reth (hapax)

Old Occitan: rat

From the same Proto-Indo-European root as Lithuanian rekles (“scaffolding”), Old Church Slavonic ратиште (ratište, “staff, spear”), Latin rētae (“trees standing on the bank of a stream”). Also possibly connected to the Germanic roots of rood and rod. According to De Vaan, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *h₁reh₁- (“to row”).


tignum

la-noun

tignum n (genitive tignī); second declension

tignī (genitive)
tignum (nominative singular)
tigna (nominative plural)
tignī (genitive singular)
tignōrum (genitive plural)
tignō (dative singular)
tignīs (dative plural)
tignum (accusative singular)
tigna (accusative plural)
tignō (ablative singular)
tignīs (ablative plural)
tignum (singular vocative)
tigna (plural vocative)

From Proto-Italic *tegnom, from Proto-Indo-European *teg-nom, from *(s)teg- (“beam, stake”). Cognate with English stack and stake.


tragula

trāgula f (genitive trāgulae); first declension

trāgula (canonical feminine)
trāgulae (genitive)
trāgula (nominative singular)
trāgulae (nominative plural)
trāgulae (genitive singular)
trāgulārum (genitive plural)
trāgulae (dative singular)
trāgulīs (dative plural)
trāgulam (accusative singular)
trāgulās (accusative plural)
trāgulā (ablative singular)
trāgulīs (ablative plural)
trāgula (singular vocative)
trāgulae (plural vocative)

→ Ancient Greek: δράγλη (dráglē)

Catalan: tralla

Dalmatian: tragala

French: traille

→ Italian: traglia

Galician: tralla

Italian: tragula

Old Occitan: traio, dralho

→ French: draille

→ Italian: draglia

Portuguese: tralha, trelha

Spanish: tralla, → trágula

⇒ Vulgar Latin: *tragella

Catalan: tragella

Spanish: traílla

[ˈt̪räːɡʊɫ̪ä]

[ˈt̪räːɡulä]

By surface analysis, trahō (“I drag”) + -ula. For the long ā, compare the formations of rēgula, tēgula and sēcula. For potential cognates, see Proto-Indo-European *dʰregʰ-; the reconstruction of this root is disputed.

surf

a javelin or dart having a throwing-strap (āmentum)


scabellum

la-noun

scabellum n (genitive scabellī); second declension

scabellī (genitive)
scabellum (nominative singular)
scabella (nominative plural)
scabellī (genitive singular)
scabellōrum (genitive plural)
scabellō (dative singular)
scabellīs (dative plural)
scabellum (accusative singular)
scabella (accusative plural)
scabellō (ablative singular)
scabellīs (ablative plural)
scabellum (singular vocative)
scabella (plural vocative)
scabillum (alternative)

Italian: sgabello

Old French: eschevel

French: écheveau

Old Occitan: escabel

Old Catalan: escabell, escambell

Catalan: escambell

→ Spanish: escabel

Occitan: escabèl

Old Galician-Portuguese:

Portuguese: escabelo

Piedmontese: scabel

Romanian: scăunel (uncertain)

Sicilian: sgabeḍḍu

→ Alemannic German: Gstabëlle

→ English: scabellum

→ French: escabeau
→ Dutch: schabouw

→ Norman: scabelle

→ Proto-West Germanic: *skamil (see there for further descendants)

From scamnum (“stool, ridge”) + -lum (diminutive suffix).

af

a kind of percussion instrument played by the foot, used in dramatic performances.


ventilabrum

la-noun

ventilābrum n (genitive ventilābrī); second declension

ventilābrum (canonical neuter)
ventilābrī (genitive)
ventilābrum (nominative singular)
ventilābra (nominative plural)
ventilābrī (genitive singular)
ventilābrōrum (genitive plural)
ventilābrō (dative singular)
ventilābrīs (dative plural)
ventilābrum (accusative singular)
ventilābra (accusative plural)
ventilābrō (ablative singular)
ventilābrīs (ablative plural)
ventilābrum (singular vocative)
ventilābra (plural vocative)

[u̯ɛn̪t̪ɪˈɫ̪äːbrʊ̃ˑ]


urceus

urceus m (genitive urceī); second declension

urceī (genitive)
urceus (nominative singular)
urceī (nominative plural)
urceī (genitive singular)
urceōrum (genitive plural)
urceō (dative singular)
urceīs (dative plural)
urceum (accusative singular)
urceōs (accusative plural)
urceō (ablative singular)
urceīs (ablative plural)
urcee (singular vocative)
urceī (plural vocative)

Catalan: orsa

Italian: orcio

Spanish: orza

→ English: urceus

→ Gothic: 𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌺𐌾𐌿𐍃 (aurkjus)

→ Serbo-Croatian: vrč, врч

→ Slovene: vrč

From orca (“tun, cask”), perhaps as a resubstantivised adjective.


cadus

cadus m (genitive cadī); second declension

cadī (genitive)
cadus (nominative singular)
cadī (nominative plural)
cadī (genitive singular)
cadōrum (genitive plural)
cadō (dative singular)
cadīs (dative plural)
cadum (accusative singular)
cadōs (accusative plural)
cadō (ablative singular)
cadīs (ablative plural)
cade (singular vocative)
cadī (plural vocative)

→ Italian: cado

→ Middle French: cade

French: cade

→ English: cade

→ Portuguese: cado

From Ancient Greek κάδος (kádos, “jar”).


catinus

catīnus m (genitive catīnī); second declension

catīnus (canonical masculine)
catīnī (genitive)
catīnus (nominative singular)
catīnī (nominative plural)
catīnī (genitive singular)
catīnōrum (genitive plural)
catīnō (dative singular)
catīnīs (dative plural)
catīnum (accusative singular)
catīnōs (accusative plural)
catīnō (ablative singular)
catīnīs (ablative plural)
catīne (singular vocative)
catīnī (plural vocative)

Aromanian: cãtsãn

French: catin

Italian: catino

Portuguese: cadinho

Romanian: cățân

Spanish: catino

Venetan: cadìn, caìn

→ Cimbrian: kaiin

From Proto-Italic *katīnos, probably ultimately a substrate loanword or from Proto-Indo-European *ket-. Compare Serbo-Croatian kòtac (“cattle-shed, weir”), Old English heaþor (“enclosure, jail”), Ancient Greek κοτύλη (kotúlē, “a cup, a pint”), Albanian thes (“bag, sack”).

cog

a deep vessel for serving up or cooking food; a large bowl, dish, or plate