abacus

la-noun

abacus m (genitive abacī); second declension

abacī (genitive)
abacus (nominative singular)
abacī (nominative plural)
abacī (genitive singular)
abacōrum (genitive plural)
abacō (dative singular)
abacīs (dative plural)
abacum (accusative singular)
abacōs (accusative plural)
abacō (ablative singular)
abacīs (ablative plural)
abace (singular vocative)
abacī (plural vocative)
abax (alternative)

Italian: abbaco (regional)

→ Catalan: àbac

→ English: abacus

→ Esperanto: abako

→ French: abaque

→ Romanian: abac

→ Galician: ábaco

→ German: Abakus

→ Irish: abacas

→ Italian: abaco

→ Malay: abakus

→ Norwegian Bokmål: abakus

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: abakus

→ Portuguese: ábaco

→ Russian: аба́к (abák)

→ Spanish: ábaco

From Ancient Greek ἄβαξ (ábax, “board”).

...nec qui abaco numeros et secto in pulvere metas / scit risisse vafer, multum gaudere paratus, / si cynico barbam petulans nonaria vellat.

...nor the man who has the wit to laugh at the figures on the counting board and the cones drawn in sand, ready to go off in ecstasies if a prostitute pulls a Cynic by the beard.


tuba

tuba f (genitive tubae); first declension

tubae (genitive)
tuba (nominative singular)
tubae (nominative plural)
tubae (genitive singular)
tubārum (genitive plural)
tubae (dative singular)
tubīs (dative plural)
tubam (accusative singular)
tubās (accusative plural)
tubā (ablative singular)
tubīs (ablative plural)
tuba (singular vocative)
tubae (plural vocative)

→ English: tuba

→ French: tuba

→ Galician: tuba

→ Italian: tuba

→ Russian: ту́ба (túba)

Possibly connected to tībia (“shinbone, reed-pipe”) with similarities in meaning and form.

(literally, music) long trumpet over 1 meter in length, especially war-trumpet


lupus

lupus m (genitive lupī, feminine lupa); second declension

lupī (genitive)
lupa (feminine)
lupus (nominative singular)
lupī (nominative plural)
lupī (genitive singular)
lupōrum (genitive plural)
lupō (dative singular)
lupīs (dative plural)
lupum (accusative singular)
lupōs (accusative plural)
lupō (ablative singular)
lupīs (ablative plural)
lupe (singular vocative)
lupī (plural vocative)

Aragonese: lupo

Aromanian: lup, lupu

Catalan: llop

Corsican: lupu

Emilian: låuv

Franco-Provençal: lop

Friulian: lôf

Istro-Romanian: lup

Italian: lupo

Ligurian: lô

Megleno-Romanian: lup

Mirandese: lhobo

Neapolitan: lupo

Occitan: lop

desctree

Old French: leu, lou, lu
Middle French: leu
⇒ French: à la queue leu leu
⇒ Middle French: loup
French: loup
Haitian Creole: lou
⇒ Mauritian Creole: lulu
⇒ Seychellois Creole: loulou
→ English: loo; Loup

Old Galician-Portuguese: lobo
Galician: lobo
Portuguese: lobo

Old Leonese:

Asturian: llobu

Leonese: llobu

Mirandese: lhobo

Old Lombard:

Lombard: lov, loff, lóff

desc

Gallo-Italic of Sicily: lupö, lup’, lupu

desctree

Old Spanish: lobo
Ladino: lovo
Spanish: lobo
→ English: loafer, lobo, lofer, loper, lover
→ Tagalog: lobo
→ Estado de México Otomi: lobo

Piedmontese: luv

Romanian: lup

Romansch: luf

Sardinian: lupu

Sicilian: lupu
→ Maltese: lupu

Venetan: lovo, lóvo, łovo, łóvo
→ Italian: lovo

Walloon: leu

→ Esperanto: lupo

→ Interlingua: lupo

→ Volapük: lup

→ Catalan: lupus

→ English: Lupus, lupus

→ Finnish: lupus

→ French: lupus

→ Galician: lupus

→ Italian: lupus

→ Portuguese: lúpus, lupo

→ Romanian: lupus

→ Spanish: Lupus, lupus

→ Translingual: Lupus; ⇒ Anarhichas lupus, Canis lupus

From Proto-Italic *lukʷos, from Proto-Indo-European *wĺ̥kʷos (“wolf”), with a metathesis of *wĺ̥- to *lú-. The shift of *kʷ to /p/ can be explained as a borrowing from an Osco-Umbrian language, where the change is regular. Another example of a borrowing with that shift is popīna.
Cognates include Ancient Greek λύκος (lúkos), Sanskrit वृक (vṛka), Old English wulf, and Old Church Slavonic влькъ (vlĭkŭ). Doublet of lycos and Lycus; not cognate to Latin vulpēs (“fox”).

agnum lupō ēripere velle

to wish the impossible, literally: to wish to rescue a lamb from a wolf

(carpentry) a tool which is shaped like a wolf's tooth, particularly:

a kind of hook used for hoisting objects


scandium

la-noun

scandium n (genitive scandiī); second declension

scandiī (genitive)
scandium (nominative singular)
scandia (nominative plural)
scandiī (genitive singular)
scandiōrum (genitive plural)
scandiō (dative singular)
scandiīs (dative plural)
scandium (accusative singular)
scandia (accusative plural)
scandiō (ablative singular)
scandiīs (ablative plural)
scandium (singular vocative)
scandia (plural vocative)

[ˈs̠kän̪d̪iʊ̃ˑ]

Coined in 1869 by chemist Lars Fredrik Nilson, derived from Scandia (“Scandinavia”) + -ium (chemical element suffix).


titanium

la-noun

tītānium n (genitive tītāniī); second declension

tītānium (canonical neuter)
tītāniī (genitive)
tītānium (nominative singular)
tītānia (nominative plural)
tītāniī (genitive singular)
tītāniōrum (genitive plural)
tītāniō (dative singular)
tītāniīs (dative plural)
tītānium (accusative singular)
tītānia (accusative plural)
tītāniō (ablative singular)
tītāniīs (ablative plural)
tītānium (singular vocative)
tītānia (plural vocative)

[t̪iːˈt̪äːniʊ̃ˑ]

Coined in 1791 by chemist Martin Heinrich Klaproth, derived from Tītān (“Titan”) + -ium (chemical element suffix).


vanadium

la-noun

vanadium n (genitive vanadiī); second declension

vanadiī (genitive)
vanadium (nominative singular)
vanadia (nominative plural)
vanadiī (genitive singular)
vanadiōrum (genitive plural)
vanadiō (dative singular)
vanadiīs (dative plural)
vanadium (accusative singular)
vanadia (accusative plural)
vanadiō (ablative singular)
vanadiīs (ablative plural)
vanadium (singular vocative)
vanadia (plural vocative)

[u̯äˈnäd̪iʊ̃ˑ]

Derived from Old Norse Vanadis, (one of the names of Freyja, goddess of beauty) + -ium (chemical element suffix), in reference to the many beautifully colored chemical compounds it produces. The Norse name is a compound of the names Vana (from vanr (“lacking, missing”)) and Dis (from dís (“goddess”)).


chromium

chrōmium n (genitive chrōmiī); second declension

chrōmium (canonical neuter)
chrōmiī (genitive)
chrōmium (nominative singular)
chrōmia (nominative plural)
chrōmiī (genitive singular)
chrōmiōrum (genitive plural)
chrōmiō (dative singular)
chrōmiīs (dative plural)
chrōmium (accusative singular)
chrōmia (accusative plural)
chrōmiō (ablative singular)
chrōmiīs (ablative plural)
chrōmium (singular vocative)
chrōmia (plural vocative)

→ Burmese: ခရိုမီယမ် (hka.ruimiyam)

→ Chinese: 鉻 /铬 (gè)

→ Cornish: cromyum

→ English: chromium

→ Greek: χρώμιο (chrómio)

→ Hindi: क्रोमियम (kromiyam)

→ Irish: cróimiam

→ Korean: 크로뮴 (keuromyum)

→ Malay: kromium

→ Maltese: kromju

→ Manx: cromium

→ Maori: koromiama

→ Portuguese: crómio, crômio

→ Scottish Gaelic: cròimiam

→ Swahili: chromi

→ Thai: โครเมียม (kroo-mîiam)

→ Urdu: کرومیم (kromiyam)

→ Welsh: cromiwm

→ Yiddish: קראָומיאַם (kroumyam)


yttrium

yttrium n (genitive yttriī); second declension

yttriī (genitive)
yttrium (nominative singular)
yttria (nominative plural)
yttriī (genitive singular)
yttriōrum (genitive plural)
yttriō (dative singular)
yttriīs (dative plural)
yttrium (accusative singular)
yttria (accusative plural)
yttriō (ablative singular)
yttriīs (ablative plural)
yttrium (singular vocative)
yttria (plural vocative)

[ˈʏt̪ːriʊ̃ˑ]


zirconium

zircōnium n (genitive zircōniī); second declension

zircōnium (canonical neuter)
zircōniī (genitive)
zircōnium (nominative singular)
zircōnia (nominative plural)
zircōniī (genitive singular)
zircōniōrum (genitive plural)
zircōniō (dative singular)
zircōniīs (dative plural)
zircōnium (accusative singular)
zircōnia (accusative plural)
zircōniō (ablative singular)
zircōniīs (ablative plural)
zircōnium (singular vocative)
zircōnia (plural vocative)


niobium

niobium n (genitive niobiī); second declension

niobiī (genitive)
niobium (nominative singular)
niobia (nominative plural)
niobiī (genitive singular)
niobiōrum (genitive plural)
niobiō (dative singular)
niobiīs (dative plural)
niobium (accusative singular)
niobia (accusative plural)
niobiō (ablative singular)
niobiīs (ablative plural)
niobium (singular vocative)
niobia (plural vocative)


technetium

technētium n (genitive technētiī); second declension

technētium (canonical neuter)
technētiī (genitive)
technētium (nominative singular)
technētia (nominative plural)
technētiī (genitive singular)
technētiōrum (genitive plural)
technētiō (dative singular)
technētiīs (dative plural)
technētium (accusative singular)
technētia (accusative plural)
technētiō (ablative singular)
technētiīs (ablative plural)
technētium (singular vocative)
technētia (plural vocative)

[t̪ɛkʰˈneːt̪iʊ̃ˑ]


ruthenium

ruthenium n (genitive rutheniī); second declension

rutheniī (genitive)
ruthenium (nominative singular)
ruthenia (nominative plural)
rutheniī (genitive singular)
rutheniōrum (genitive plural)
rutheniō (dative singular)
rutheniīs (dative plural)
ruthenium (accusative singular)
ruthenia (accusative plural)
rutheniō (ablative singular)
rutheniīs (ablative plural)
ruthenium (singular vocative)
ruthenia (plural vocative)

[rʊˈt̪ʰɛniʊ̃ˑ]


rhodium

rhodium n (genitive rhodiī); second declension

rhodiī (genitive)
rhodium (nominative singular)
rhodia (nominative plural)
rhodiī (genitive singular)
rhodiōrum (genitive plural)
rhodiō (dative singular)
rhodiīs (dative plural)
rhodium (accusative singular)
rhodia (accusative plural)
rhodiō (ablative singular)
rhodiīs (ablative plural)
rhodium (singular vocative)
rhodia (plural vocative)

→ Danish: rhodium

→ Dutch: rhodium

→ English: rhodium

→ French: rhodium

→ German: Rhodium

→ Italian: rodio

→ Luxembourgish: Rhodium

→ Norwegian:

Norwegian Bokmål: rhodium

Norwegian Nynorsk: rhodium

→ Spanish: rodio

Modern Latin, from Ancient Greek ῥόδον (rhódon, “rose”).


palladium

palladium n (genitive palladiī); second declension

palladiī (genitive)
palladium (nominative singular)
palladia (nominative plural)
palladiī (genitive singular)
palladiōrum (genitive plural)
palladiō (dative singular)
palladiīs (dative plural)
palladium (accusative singular)
palladia (accusative plural)
palladiō (ablative singular)
palladiīs (ablative plural)
palladium (singular vocative)
palladia (plural vocative)

[pälˈlʲäd̪iʊ̃ˑ]

From Ancient Greek παλλάδιον (palládion), neuter of παλλάδιος (palládios), Παλλάς (Pallás, “of Pallas”). See Pallas.

palladium, one of perhaps several statues of Athena, as in the Iliad and Aeneid, believed to safeguard Troy, and later, various Italian cities


cadmium

cadmium n (genitive cadmiī); second declension

cadmiī (genitive)
cadmium (nominative singular)
cadmia (nominative plural)
cadmiī (genitive singular)
cadmiōrum (genitive plural)
cadmiō (dative singular)
cadmiīs (dative plural)
cadmium (accusative singular)
cadmia (accusative plural)
cadmiō (ablative singular)
cadmiīs (ablative plural)
cadmium (singular vocative)
cadmia (plural vocative)

[ˈkäd̪miʊ̃ˑ]


tantalum

tantalum n (genitive tantalī); second declension

tantalī (genitive)
tantalum (nominative singular)
tantala (nominative plural)
tantalī (genitive singular)
tantalōrum (genitive plural)
tantalō (dative singular)
tantalīs (dative plural)
tantalum (accusative singular)
tantala (accusative plural)
tantalō (ablative singular)
tantalīs (ablative plural)
tantalum (singular vocative)
tantala (plural vocative)

[ˈt̪än̪t̪äɫ̪ʊ̃ˑ]


nobelium

nōbēlium n (genitive nōbēliī); second declension

nōbēlium (canonical neuter)
nōbēliī (genitive)
nōbēlium (nominative singular)
nōbēlia (nominative plural)
nōbēliī (genitive singular)
nōbēliōrum (genitive plural)
nōbēliō (dative singular)
nōbēliīs (dative plural)
nōbēlium (accusative singular)
nōbēlia (accusative plural)
nōbēliō (ablative singular)
nōbēliīs (ablative plural)
nōbēlium (singular vocative)
nōbēlia (plural vocative)


lawrencium

lawrencium n (genitive lawrenciī); second declension

lawrenciī (genitive)
lawrencium (nominative singular)
lawrencia (nominative plural)
lawrenciī (genitive singular)
lawrenciōrum (genitive plural)
lawrenciō (dative singular)
lawrenciīs (dative plural)
lawrencium (accusative singular)
lawrencia (accusative plural)
lawrenciō (ablative singular)
lawrenciīs (ablative plural)
lawrencium (singular vocative)
lawrencia (plural vocative)

[ɫ̪äu̯ˈrɛŋkiʊ̃ˑ]


rutherfordium

rutherfordium n (genitive rutherfordiī); second declension

rutherfordiī (genitive)
rutherfordium (nominative singular)
rutherfordia (nominative plural)
rutherfordiī (genitive singular)
rutherfordiōrum (genitive plural)
rutherfordiō (dative singular)
rutherfordiīs (dative plural)
rutherfordium (accusative singular)
rutherfordia (accusative plural)
rutherfordiō (ablative singular)
rutherfordiīs (ablative plural)
rutherfordium (singular vocative)
rutherfordia (plural vocative)

[rʊt̪ʰɛrˈfɔrd̪iʊ̃ˑ]


dubnium

dubnium n (genitive dubniī); second declension

dubniī (genitive)
dubnium (nominative singular)
dubnia (nominative plural)
dubniī (genitive singular)
dubniōrum (genitive plural)
dubniō (dative singular)
dubniīs (dative plural)
dubnium (accusative singular)
dubnia (accusative plural)
dubniō (ablative singular)
dubniīs (ablative plural)
dubnium (singular vocative)
dubnia (plural vocative)

[ˈd̪ʊbniʊ̃ˑ]


acetabulum

acētābulum n (genitive acētābulī); second declension

acētābulum (canonical neuter)
acētābulī (genitive)
acētābulum (nominative singular)
acētābula (nominative plural)
acētābulī (genitive singular)
acētābulōrum (genitive plural)
acētābulō (dative singular)
acētābulīs (dative plural)
acētābulum (accusative singular)
acētābula (accusative plural)
acētābulō (ablative singular)
acētābulīs (ablative plural)
acētābulum (singular vocative)
acētābula (plural vocative)
acetabulus (alternative)

→ Catalan: acetàbul

→ English: acetabulum

→ Esperanto: acetabulo

→ French: acétabule, acétabulum

Italian: acetabolo

→ Portuguese: acetábulo

→ Romanian: acetabul

→ Russian: ацетабул (acetabul)

→ Spanish: acetábulo

[äkeːˈt̪äːbʊɫ̪ʊ̃ˑ]

From acētum (“vinegar”) + -bulum (“a vessel for”).

suffix

saucer, any similarly sized and shaped dish


destino

la-verb

dēstinō (present infinitive dēstināre, perfect active dēstināvī, supine dēstinātum); first conjugation

dēstinō (canonical)
dēstināre (infinitive present)
dēstināvī (active perfect)
dēstinātum (supine)
dēstinō (active first-person indicative present singular)
dēstinās (active indicative present second-person singular)
dēstinat (active indicative present singular third-person)
dēstināmus (active first-person indicative plural present)
dēstinātis (active indicative plural present second-person)
dēstinant (active indicative plural present third-person)
dēstinābam (active first-person imperfect indicative singular)
dēstinābās (active imperfect indicative second-person singular)
dēstinābat (active imperfect indicative singular third-person)
dēstinābāmus (active first-person imperfect indicative plural)
dēstinābātis (active imperfect indicative plural second-person)
dēstinābant (active imperfect indicative plural third-person)
dēstinābō (active first-person future indicative singular)
dēstinābis (active future indicative second-person singular)
dēstinābit (active future indicative singular third-person)
dēstinābimus (active first-person future indicative plural)
dēstinābitis (active future indicative plural second-person)
dēstinābunt (active future indicative plural third-person)
dēstināvī (active first-person indicative perfect singular)
dēstināvistī (active indicative perfect second-person singular)
dēstināstī (active indicative perfect second-person singular)
dēstināvit (active indicative perfect singular third-person)
dēstināt (active indicative perfect singular third-person)
dēstināvimus (active first-person indicative perfect plural)
dēstināmus (active first-person indicative perfect plural)
dēstināvistis (active indicative perfect plural second-person)
dēstināstis (active indicative perfect plural second-person)
dēstināvērunt (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
dēstinārunt (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
dēstināvēre (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
dēstināveram (active first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
dēstināram (active first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
dēstināverās (active indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
dēstinārās (active indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
dēstināverat (active indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
dēstinārat (active indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
dēstināverāmus (active first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
dēstinārāmus (active first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
dēstināverātis (active indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
dēstinārātis (active indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
dēstināverant (active indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
dēstinārant (active indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
dēstināverō (active first-person future indicative perfect singular)
dēstinārō (active first-person future indicative perfect singular)
dēstināveris (active future indicative perfect second-person singular)
dēstināris (active future indicative perfect second-person singular)
dēstināverit (active future indicative perfect singular third-person)
dēstinārit (active future indicative perfect singular third-person)
dēstināverimus (active first-person future indicative perfect plural)
dēstinārimus (active first-person future indicative perfect plural)
dēstināveritis (active future indicative perfect plural second-person)
dēstināritis (active future indicative perfect plural second-person)
dēstināverint (active future indicative perfect plural third-person)
dēstinārint (active future indicative perfect plural third-person)
dēstinor (first-person indicative passive present singular)
dēstināris (indicative passive present second-person singular)
dēstināre (indicative passive present second-person singular)
dēstinātur (indicative passive present singular third-person)
dēstināmur (first-person indicative passive plural present)
dēstināminī (indicative passive plural present second-person)
dēstinantur (indicative passive plural present third-person)
dēstinābar (first-person imperfect indicative passive singular)
dēstinābāris (imperfect indicative passive second-person singular)
dēstinābāre (imperfect indicative passive second-person singular)
dēstinābātur (imperfect indicative passive singular third-person)
dēstinābāmur (first-person imperfect indicative passive plural)
dēstinābāminī (imperfect indicative passive plural second-person)
dēstinābantur (imperfect indicative passive plural third-person)
dēstinābor (first-person future indicative passive singular)
dēstināberis (future indicative passive second-person singular)
dēstinābere (future indicative passive second-person singular)
dēstinābitur (future indicative passive singular third-person)
dēstinābimur (first-person future indicative passive plural)
dēstinābiminī (future indicative passive plural second-person)
dēstinābuntur (future indicative passive plural third-person)
dēstinem (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
dēstinēs (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
dēstinet (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
dēstinēmus (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
dēstinētis (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
dēstinent (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
dēstinārem (active first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
dēstinārēs (active imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
dēstināret (active imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
dēstinārēmus (active first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
dēstinārētis (active imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
dēstinārent (active imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
dēstināverim (active first-person perfect singular subjunctive)
dēstinārim (active first-person perfect singular subjunctive)
dēstināverīs (active perfect second-person singular subjunctive)
dēstinārīs (active perfect second-person singular subjunctive)
dēstināverit (active perfect singular subjunctive third-person)
dēstinārit (active perfect singular subjunctive third-person)
dēstināverīmus (active first-person perfect plural subjunctive)
dēstinārīmus (active first-person perfect plural subjunctive)
dēstināverītis (active perfect plural second-person subjunctive)
dēstinārītis (active perfect plural second-person subjunctive)
dēstināverint (active perfect plural subjunctive third-person)
dēstinārint (active perfect plural subjunctive third-person)
dēstināvissem (active first-person pluperfect singular subjunctive)
dēstināssem (active first-person pluperfect singular subjunctive)
dēstināvissēs (active pluperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
dēstināssēs (active pluperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
dēstināvisset (active pluperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
dēstināsset (active pluperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
dēstināvissēmus (active first-person pluperfect plural subjunctive)
dēstināssēmus (active first-person pluperfect plural subjunctive)
dēstināvissētis (active pluperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
dēstināssētis (active pluperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
dēstināvissent (active pluperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
dēstināssent (active pluperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
dēstiner (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
dēstinēris (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
dēstinēre (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
dēstinētur (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
dēstinēmur (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
dēstinēminī (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
dēstinentur (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
dēstinārer (first-person imperfect passive singular subjunctive)
dēstinārēris (imperfect passive second-person singular subjunctive)
dēstinārēre (imperfect passive second-person singular subjunctive)
dēstinārētur (imperfect passive singular subjunctive third-person)
dēstinārēmur (first-person imperfect passive plural subjunctive)
dēstinārēminī (imperfect passive plural second-person subjunctive)
dēstinārentur (imperfect passive plural subjunctive third-person)
dēstinā (active imperative present second-person singular)
dēstināte (active imperative plural present second-person)
dēstinātō (active future imperative second-person singular)
dēstinātō (active future imperative singular third-person)
dēstinātōte (active future imperative plural second-person)
dēstinantō (active future imperative plural third-person)
dēstināre (imperative passive present second-person singular)
dēstināminī (imperative passive plural present second-person)
dēstinātor (future imperative passive second-person singular)
dēstinātor (future imperative passive singular third-person)
dēstinantor (future imperative passive plural third-person)
dēstināre (active infinitive present)
dēstinārī (infinitive passive present)
dēstināns (active participle present)
dēstinātūrum esse (active future infinitive)
dēstinātum īrī (future infinitive passive)
dēstinātūrus (active future participle)
dēstinandus (future participle passive)
dēstināvisse (active infinitive perfect)
dēstināsse (active infinitive perfect)
dēstinātum esse (infinitive passive perfect)
dēstinātus (participle passive perfect)
dēstinātum fore (future infinitive passive perfect)
dēstinātūrum fuisse (active infinitive perfect potential)
dēstinandī (genitive gerund noun-from-verb)
dēstinandō (dative gerund noun-from-verb)
dēstinandum (accusative gerund noun-from-verb)
dēstinandō (ablative gerund noun-from-verb)
dēstinātum (accusative noun-from-verb supine)
dēstinātū (ablative noun-from-verb supine)

Catalan: destinar

Dalmatian: destinur

English: destine

French: destiner

Galician: destinar

Italian: destinare

Occitan: destinar

Portuguese: destinar

Romanian: destina

Sicilian: distinari

Spanish: destinar

From de- + *stanō, the latter an unattested verb from Proto-Italic *stanō, from Proto-Indo-European *stnéh₂ti ~ stn̥h₂énti. Related to stō. Compare obstinō and praestinō from the same stem.


caucus

la-noun

caucus m (genitive caucī); second declension

caucī (genitive)
caucus (nominative singular)
caucī (nominative plural)
caucī (genitive singular)
caucōrum (genitive plural)
caucō (dative singular)
caucīs (dative plural)
caucum (accusative singular)
caucōs (accusative plural)
caucō (ablative singular)
caucīs (ablative plural)
cauce (singular vocative)
caucī (plural vocative)
caucum (alternative)

→ Old English: ċēac (see there for further descendants)

→ English: caucus (possibly)

→ Romanian: cauc

⇒ Vulgar Latin: *caucellus

Catalan: escocell

Borrowed from Ancient Greek καῦκος (kaûkos, “cup”). Ultimately, borrowed from Proto-Celtic *kaɸukos (“cup”), from Proto-Indo-European *kap- (“to seize, hold”).

der

Boston
Brill
Charles du Fresne, sieur du Cange#Works
Leiden
fr:Jacques André


rutrum

la-noun

rutrum n (genitive rutrī); second declension

rutrī (genitive)
rutrum (nominative singular)
rutra (nominative plural)
rutrī (genitive singular)
rutrōrum (genitive plural)
rutrō (dative singular)
rutrīs (dative plural)
rutrum (accusative singular)
rutra (accusative plural)
rutrō (ablative singular)
rutrīs (ablative plural)
rutrum (singular vocative)
rutra (plural vocative)

Galician: rodo

Italian: rutro, ratra (obsolete)

Portuguese: rodo


navis

nāvis f (genitive nāvis); third declension

nāvis (canonical feminine)
i-stem (canonical)
nāvis (genitive)
nāvis (nominative singular)
nāvēs (nominative plural)
nāvis (genitive singular)
nāvium (genitive plural)
nāvī (dative singular)
nāvibus (dative plural)
nāvem (accusative singular)
nāvim (accusative singular)
nāvēs (accusative plural)
nāvīs (accusative plural)
nāve (ablative singular)
nāvī (ablative singular)
nāvibus (ablative plural)
nāvis (singular vocative)
nāvēs (plural vocative)
nauis (alternative)

Aromanian: nai

Asturian: nave

Friulian: nâf, nâv

Galician: nave

Italian: nave
→ Slavomolisano: nava

desctree

Old French: nef, naf, nau
Middle French: nef, nau (Parisian dialect)
French: nef (obsolete or poetic)
→ Breton: nev
→ English: nef
Norman: nef
Poitevin-Saintongeais: nau

Old Occitan: nau

Catalan: nau
→ Portuguese: nau, nao (obsolete)
→ English: nau
→ Spanish: nao

Occitan: nau

Piedmontese: nav

Portuguese: nave

Romanian: naie, navă

Romansch: nav, nev

Sardinian: nae, nai, nave, navi

Sicilian: navi

Spanish: nave

Venetan: nave

→ English: nave

→ Ido: navo

From Proto-Italic *naus ~ *nāwis, from Proto-Indo-European *néh₂us, cognate with Ancient Greek ναῦς (naûs, “ship”), Armenian նավ (nav, “ship or boat”), Persian ناو (nâv), and Sanskrit नौ (nau, “ship”).


sagitta

la-noun

sagitta f (genitive sagittae); first declension

sagittae (genitive)
sagitta (nominative singular)
sagittae (nominative plural)
sagittae (genitive singular)
sagittārum (genitive plural)
sagittae (dative singular)
sagittīs (dative plural)
sagittam (accusative singular)
sagittās (accusative plural)
sagittā (ablative singular)
sagittīs (ablative plural)
sagitta (singular vocative)
sagittae (plural vocative)

Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: sãdzeatã

Romanian: săgeată

Italo-Romance:

Italian: saetta

→ Maltese: sajjetta

Sicilian: sajitta

North Italian:

Friulian: saete

Istriot: sàita

Ladin: saëta, sita

Piedmontese: sajëta

Romansch: sajetta

Venetan: sita, saéta

Gallo-Romance:

Old French: saete, saiete; sajette (latinized)

French: sagette

Occitano-Romance:

Catalan: sageta

Occitan: sageta

Ibero-Romance:

Asturian: saeta

Old Galician-Portuguese: saeta

Galician: seta

Portuguese: seta

Spanish: saeta

Insular Romance:

Sardinian: saitta

Ancient borrowings:

→ Albanian: shigjetë

→ Tsakonian: σογίτθα (sogíttha)

→ Greek: σαΐτα (saḯta)

→ Old Irish: saiget (see there for further descendants)

→ Proto-Brythonic: *saɣeθ (see there for further descendants)

Later borrowings:

→ Catalan: sagita

→ English: sagitta

→ Esperanto: sago

→ Italian: sagitta

→ Translingual: Sagitta

→ Spanish: sagita

→ Volapük: sagit

[s̠äˈɡɪt̪ːä]

[säˈd͡ʒit̪ːä]

Unknown etymology. Probably from a pre-Latin Mediterranean language.
A minority view connects it to sāgiō (“to perceive quickly or keenly”).

the arrowhead (plant of the genus Sagittaria)


sagittarius

sagittārius m (genitive sagittāriī or sagittārī); second declension

sagittārius (canonical masculine)
sagittāriī (genitive)
sagittārī (genitive)
sagittārius (nominative singular)
sagittāriī (nominative plural)
sagittāriī (genitive singular)
sagittārī (genitive singular)
sagittāriōrum (genitive plural)
sagittāriō (dative singular)
sagittāriīs (dative plural)
sagittārium (accusative singular)
sagittāriōs (accusative plural)
sagittāriō (ablative singular)
sagittāriīs (ablative plural)
sagittārie (singular vocative)
sagittāriī (plural vocative)

Balkan Romance:

Romanian: săgetar

→ Albanian: shigjetar

Italo-Romance:

Old Italian: saettaio

Ibero-Romance:

Portuguese: seteiro

Spanish: saetero

Borrowings:

→ English: Sagittarius, sagittary

→ French: sagittaire, Sagittaire

→ Italian: sagittario, Sagittario

→ Portuguese: Sagitário

→ Romanian: sagitar

→ Spanish: Sagitario

[s̠äɡɪt̪ˈt̪äːriʊs̠]

From sagitta (“arrow”) + -ārius (suffix forming relational adjectives and agent nouns).


lyra

la-noun

lyra f (genitive lyrae); first declension

lyrae (genitive)
lyra (nominative singular)
lyrae (nominative plural)
lyrae (genitive singular)
lyrārum (genitive plural)
lyrae (dative singular)
lyrīs (dative plural)
lyram (accusative singular)
lyrās (accusative plural)
lyrā (ablative singular)
lyrīs (ablative plural)
lyra (singular vocative)
lyrae (plural vocative)

→ English: Lyra

→ English: lyra

→ French: lyre

→ Spanish: lira

‘septēna putāris, Plēiadum numerum, fīla dedisse lyrae’
‘‘you are thought to have given seven – the number of the Pleiads – strings to the lyre’’

(The muse Calliope credits Hermes/Mercury with inventing the lyre, and giving it seven strings to honor his mother Maia, eldest of the Pleiades (Greek mythology).)


harpe

harpē f (genitive harpēs); first declension

harpē (canonical feminine)
harpēs (genitive)
harpē (nominative singular)
harpae (nominative plural)
harpēs (genitive singular)
harpārum (genitive plural)
harpae (dative singular)
harpīs (dative plural)
harpēn (accusative singular)
harpās (accusative plural)
harpē (ablative singular)
harpīs (ablative plural)
harpē (singular vocative)
harpae (plural vocative)

Catalan: arpa

Italian: arpa

Occitan: arpa

Sicilian: arpa

From Ancient Greek ἅρπη (hárpē, “bird of prey, falcon, scimitar”).

der

bird of prey, hawk, falcon, tiercel or goshawk (falco gentilis)


libra

la-noun

lībra f (genitive lībrae); first declension

lībra (canonical feminine)
lībrae (genitive)
lībra (nominative singular)
lībrae (nominative plural)
lībrae (genitive singular)
lībrārum (genitive plural)
lībrae (dative singular)
lībrīs (dative plural)
lībram (accusative singular)
lībrās (accusative plural)
lībrā (ablative singular)
lībrīs (ablative plural)
lībra (singular vocative)
lībrae (plural vocative)

Catalan: lliura

desctree

Old French: livre m
Middle French: livre
French: livre
Norman: livre

Galician: libra

Italian: libra, libbra, lira

→ Catalan: lira

→ Czech: lira

→ Danish: lire

→ Faroese: liri

→ English: lira

→ Finnish: liira

→ German: Lira

→ Galician: lira

→ Maori: rira

→ Malay: lira

→ Maltese: lira

→ Norwegian: lira

→ Portuguese: lira

→ Serbo-Croatian: lira

→ Spanish: lira

→ Turkish: lira

Piedmontese: livra

Portuguese: libra

Romanian: livră

Spanish: libra

→ Tagalog: libra

Of uncertain origin. The word's original form was something like Proto-Italic *līðrā, *leiðrā (“pound”), surviving also in Ancient Greek λίτρα (lítra), whence English liter.
Weiss derives the term from Proto-Indo-European *leyH- (“to pour”) suffixed with the instrumental/resultative suffix *-dʰrom, under the assumption that the term originally meant "pouring (of metal)" before evolving to mean a unit of weight. In this case, then cognate with Proto-Slavic *lìti (“to pour”), Proto-Celtic *liyeti (“to flow”), Ancient Greek λείβω (leíbō, “to pour”), Lithuanian líeti (“to let flow”).

(historical) libra, Roman pound, a Roman unit of mass, equivalent to about 327 g

scales, a tool used to balance two weights to measure amounts

level, a tool used to check surfaces for horizontal and vertical alignment

(Medieval Latin, New Latin) pound, any of various units of mass derived from or roughly equivalent to the Roman libra

(Medieval Latin, New Latin) pound, any of various currencies derived from the use of pound as a weight in silver


serra

la-noun

serra f (genitive serrae); first declension

serrae (genitive)
serra (nominative singular)
serrae (nominative plural)
serrae (genitive singular)
serrārum (genitive plural)
serrae (dative singular)
serrīs (dative plural)
serram (accusative singular)
serrās (accusative plural)
serrā (ablative singular)
serrīs (ablative plural)
serra (singular vocative)
serrae (plural vocative)

Albanian: sharrë (disputed)

Aromanian: sharã

Asturian: serra

Basque: zerra

Catalan: serra

Galician: serra

Occitan: sèrra

Portuguese: serra

Sardinian: sera

Sicilian: serra

Spanish: sierra
→ English: sierra

According to De Vaan, from Proto-Italic *serzā, from Proto-Indo-European *sers-eh₂, from *sers- (“to cut off”), from which he also notes Schrijver's derivation of sarrio from a zero-grade of such a root.
Compare, however, Proto-Celtic *serrā (“sickle, scythe; billhook”), with a different etymology.


pugio

la-noun

pūgiō m (genitive pūgiōnis); third declension

pūgiō (canonical masculine)
pūgiōnis (genitive)
pūgiō (nominative singular)
pūgiōnēs (nominative plural)
pūgiōnis (genitive singular)
pūgiōnum (genitive plural)
pūgiōnī (dative singular)
pūgiōnibus (dative plural)
pūgiōnem (accusative singular)
pūgiōnēs (accusative plural)
pūgiōne (ablative singular)
pūgiōnibus (ablative plural)
pūgiō (singular vocative)
pūgiōnēs (plural vocative)

→ English: pugio (learned)

desc

→ Italian: pugio, pugione (rare, archaic) (learned)

→ Hebrew: פגיון (pigyón) (learned)

From Proto-Indo-European *pewǵ-, same source as Ancient Greek πυγμή (pugmḗ, “fist”).

multōs in moenia ēgressōs pūgiōnibus fodere.

c. 100 CE – 110 CE, Tacitus, Histories 4.29

Many, who had struggled on to the walls, with their daggers they stabbed.

Pūgio, quem curvā signat brevis orbita vēnā,

86 CE – 103 CE, Martial, Epigrammata 14.33

strīdentem gelidīs hunc Salo tīnxit aquīs.


cornu

la-noun

cornū n (genitive cornūs); fourth declension

cornū (canonical neuter)
cornūs (genitive)
cornū (nominative singular)
cornua (nominative plural)
cornūs (genitive singular)
cornuum (genitive plural)
cornū (dative singular)
cornibus (dative plural)
cornū (accusative singular)
cornua (accusative plural)
cornū (ablative singular)
cornibus (ablative plural)
cornū (singular vocative)
cornua (plural vocative)

Aromanian: cornu

Asturian: cuernu

Catalan: corn

Dalmatian: cuarno

English: cornet, corn, -corn

Esperanto: korno

Franco-Provençal: côrna

French: cor, corne

Friulian: cuar

Galician: corno

Ido: korno

→ Irish: corn

Istriot: cuorno

Italian: corno

Old French: corn, corne

Portuguese: corno

Romanian: corn

Romansch: corn, corna

Sardinian: corru

Sicilian: cornu

Spanish: cuerno

Venetan: corno

→ Welsh: corn

Occitan: còrn

Inherited from Proto-Italic *kornū. Cognate with English horn, hirn; Ancient Greek κρᾱνίον (krāníon, “skull”), κέρας (kéras, “horn”); Sanskrit शृङ्ग (śṛ́ṅga, “horn, tusk”). See also cerebrum (“brain”), cervus (“deer”).

cog

musical instrument
musical instrument#English


arma

la-noun

arma n pl (genitive armōrum); second declension

armōrum (genitive)
arma (nominative plural)
armōrum (genitive plural)
armum (genitive plural)
armīs (dative plural)
arma (accusative plural)
armīs (ablative plural)
arma (plural vocative)

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂(e)rmos (“fitting”), from the root *h₂er- (“to join”). armentum is an independent derivation from the same root, as if from Proto-Indo-European *h₂er-mn̥-tom. Cognates include Sanskrit ऋत (ṛtá, “order; right; agreement etc.”) and अरम् (áram, “fitting”), Ancient Greek ἀραρίσκω (ararískō, “to fit together”) and Old Armenian արարի (arari, “I made”).
Semantic development was "that what is fitted together" → "tools" → "weapons". Also related to ars, artus, rītus.

cog

arms, weapons of war, weaponry, instruments (implements of warfare)


fenestra

la-noun

fenestra f (genitive fenestrae); first declension

fenestrae (genitive)
fenestra (nominative singular)
fenestrae (nominative plural)
fenestrae (genitive singular)
fenestrārum (genitive plural)
fenestrae (dative singular)
fenestrīs (dative plural)
fenestram (accusative singular)
fenestrās (accusative plural)
fenestrā (ablative singular)
fenestrīs (ablative plural)
fenestra (singular vocative)
fenestrae (plural vocative)
fēstra (alternative)

Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: fireastrã

desctree

Romanian: fereastră, fereastă
→ Romani: felyastra

Italo-Dalmatian:

Corsican: finestra

Dalmatian: finiastra

Italian: finestra

Neapolitan: fenesta

Sicilian: finestra, finesra

Venetan: finestra, fenestra

Rhaeto-Romance:

desc

Romansch: fanestra, finiastra, fnestra, faneastra

Gallo-Italic:

Emilian: fnèstra

Lombard: fenestra, finestra, fnestra

Piedmontese: fnestra, fnesta

Gallo-Romance:

Catalan: finestra

Franco-Provençal: fenétra

Occitan: fenèstra

Gascon: hrièsta, herièsta, hièstra, hiestra

Old French: fenestre (see there for further descendants)

Ibero-Romance:

Aragonese: finestra

desctree

Old Galician-Portuguese: fẽestra
Galician: fiestra
Portuguese: fresta

Old Spanish: finiestra

Early Modern Spanish: hiniestra

Borrowings:

→ Albanian: fënjeshtër

→ English: fenestra (learned)

→ Old Irish: seinistir

→ Portuguese: fenestra (learned)

→ Proto-Brythonic: *fenestr

Breton: prenestr, fenestr (or via French)

Cornish: fenester

Welsh: ffenestr, ffenest

→ Proto-West Germanic: *fenestr (see there for further descendants)

→ Spanish: fenestra (learned)

Apparently from Etruscan *fnestra (and fēstra from Etruscan *fenstra), compare the personal name Etruscan [script needed] (fnes-ci) and the placename Latin Fensernia, but nothing is known about the meaning of the Etruscan base.

window of opportunity
window of opportunity

an opportunity, opening, occasion, window of opportunity


aries

la-noun

ariēs m (genitive arietis); third declension

ariēs (canonical masculine)
arietis (genitive)
ariēs (nominative singular)
arietēs (nominative plural)
arietis (genitive singular)
arietum (genitive plural)
arietī (dative singular)
arietibus (dative plural)
arietem (accusative singular)
arietēs (accusative plural)
ariete (ablative singular)
arietibus (ablative plural)
ariēs (singular vocative)
arietēs (plural vocative)
arēs, arētem (alternative)

Aromanian: areati

Champenois: aroi

Corsican: arghjetu

Franco-Provençal: arêt

Istro-Romanian: arete

Ligurian: ajou (Genoan)

Megleno-Romanian: ăreati, ręti

Romanian: arete

→ Catalan: ariet

→ English: Aries

→ Italian: ariete

→ Portuguese: aríete

→ Spanish: ariete

From Proto-Italic *arjēts ~ *erjēts (compare Umbrian 𐌄𐌓𐌉𐌄𐌕𐌖 (erietu)), perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *h₁r-i-(e)t- (“young domesticated caprine”). Cognate with Old Irish heirp, erb (“kid”), Ancient Greek ἔριφος (ériphos, “kid”), displaying a different suffix, and perhaps Old Armenian որոջ (oroǰ, “lamb”), երինջ (erinǰ, “heifer”). However, as the cognates demonstrate, this has the characteristics of a substrate word.


securis

la-noun

secūris f (genitive secūris); third declension

secūris (canonical feminine)
secūris (genitive)
secūris (nominative singular)
secūrēs (nominative plural)
secūris (genitive singular)
secūrium (genitive plural)
secūrī (dative singular)
secūribus (dative plural)
secūrim (accusative singular)
secūrem (accusative singular)
secūrēs (accusative plural)
secūrīs (accusative plural)
secūrī (ablative singular)
secūre (ablative singular)
secūribus (ablative plural)
secūris (singular vocative)
secūrēs (plural vocative)

Aromanian: secure

Dalmatian: sčor

desc

→ Byzantine Greek: τσεκούριον (tsekoúrion), σεκούριον (sekoúrion)

Greek: τσεκούρι (tsekoúri)

Aramaic:

סִיקוּרְיָא ,סִיקוּרָא

Jewish Palestinian Aramaic, Jewish Babylonian Aramaic: סִיקוּרְיָא (sīqūrā, sīqūryā)/סִיקוּרָא (sīqūrā, sīqūryā)

Classical Syriac: ܣܝܺܩܰܘܪܴܐ (sīqūrā)

Galician: segur

Piedmontese: siul

Lombard: sagür, segù

Italian: scure

Portuguese: segure, segura, secure

Romanian: secure

Romansch: sigir, siir, sagir, sieir, sgür

Sardinian: segura, segure, seguri, sigura

desctree

Spanish: segur
→ Andalusian Arabic: شُقُور (šuqūr, “axe”)
→ Moroccan Arabic: شَاقُور (šāqūr, “adze of a carpenter; hatchet”)
→ Central Atlas Tamazight: šaquṛ (“axe”); pl. šwaqʷṛ
⇒ Central Atlas Tamazight: tašaquṛt (“small axe, hatchet”); pl. tašaquṛin
→ Tarifit: ccaqur (“axe; hatchet”)
→ Algerian Arabic: شَاقُور (šāqūr, “adze of a carpenter; hatchet”)
⇒ Algerian Arabic: شَاقُورَة (šāqūṛa, šāqōṛa, “small axe, hatchet”)
→ Tunisian Arabic: شَقُور (šāqūr, šaqūr, “adze of a carpenter; hatchet”)/شَاقُور (šāqūr, šaqūr, “adze of a carpenter; hatchet”)
→ Egyptian Arabic: شَقُورَة (šaʔūṛa, “adze for agricultural purposes”)

Venetan: sigureto

Related to secō (“cut”) and Proto-Slavic *sekyra (“axe”), from Proto-Indo-European *sek- (“to cut”). Compare also how in spite of the continuation of secūris in Spanish as segur one keeps from the verb a segadera with a similar meaning. See also English sickle.


lingua

la-noun

lingua f (genitive linguae); first declension

linguae (genitive)
lingua (nominative singular)
linguae (nominative plural)
linguae (genitive singular)
linguārum (genitive plural)
linguae (dative singular)
linguīs (dative plural)
linguam (accusative singular)
linguās (accusative plural)
linguā (ablative singular)
linguīs (ablative plural)
lingua (singular vocative)
linguae (plural vocative)
dingua (alternative)

Balkano-Romance:

Aromanian: limbã

Istro-Romanian: limbĕ

Megleno-Romanian: limbă

Romanian: limbă

Italo-Dalmatian:

Corsican: lingua

Dalmatian: langa, luanga

Istriot: lèngua, lengua, laèngua

desctree

Italian: lingua, lengua
→ Greek: λίγκα (lígka)
→ Maltese: lingwa
→? Sabir: lingua

⇒ Italian: linguine (see there for further descendants)

Neapolitan: lengua, lenga

Sicilian: lingua

desc

Venetan: łéngua, łéngoa, léngoa, lengoa, léngua

Rhaeto-Romance:

Friulian: lenghe

Ladin: lënga

Romansch: lieunga, lengua, glianga, laungia, leua

Gallo-Italic:

Emilian: längua

Ligurian: lengua

Lombard: lengua

Piedmontese: lenga

Romagnol: lèngva

Gallo-Romance:

Franco-Provençal: lengoua

desctree

Old French: langue, lingue, lengue
Middle French: langue
French: langue (see there for further descendants)
Champenois: laingue
Franc-Comtois: landye
Norman: laungue
Picard: lingue
Poitevin-Saintongeais: lengue
Walloon: linwe

Occitano-Romance:

Old Catalan: lengua

Catalan: llengua

Old Occitan: lengua, lenga
Occitan: lenga
Gascon: lengua
Limousin: linga
Provençal: lengo, lenguo

Ibero-Romance:

desc

Aragonese: luenga (with metathesis of /w/)

desctree

Old Galician-Portuguese: lingua, lengoa, lengua, lingoa
Fala: lengua
Galician: lingua
Portuguese: língua (see there for further descendants)

Old Leonese:

desc

Asturian: llingua, llengua, lluengua (Eastern Asturias), ḷḷingua, ḷḷuinga (Ayer), chingua (Valdés), chengua (Valdés), yuönga (Cabrales)

Extremaduran: luenga

Leonese: llingua

Mirandese: lhéngua

Old Spanish: lengua

Ladino: לינגוה / lengua, lingua

desctree

Spanish: lengua
Chavacano: lengua
Papiamentu: lenga

Insular Romance:

desc

Sardinian: limba (Logudorese), lingua (Campidanese)

Borrowings:

→ English: lingua

→ Esperanto: lingvo

From older dingua (attested as a rare word in Gaius Marius Victorinus), from Proto-Italic *denɣwā, from Proto-Indo-European *dn̥ǵʰwéh₂s. The change of d- to l- is variously explained by a borrowing from another Italic language with such a shift and/or by a folk-etymological association with the verb lingō (“to lick”); compare Old Armenian լեզու (lezu) and Lithuanian liežùvis for the latter process. Other cognates include German Zunge and English tongue.

[…] homines repertos qui sonum earum addita in transversas harundines aqua foramen inspirantes linguave parva aliqua opposita mora indiscreta redderent similitudine.

c. 77 CE – 79 CE, Pliny the Elder, Naturalis Historia 10.84

[…] there have been found persons who could reproduce the birds' song with an indistinguishable resemblence by putting water into slanted reeds and breathing into the holes or by applying some slight check with the tongue.

(music) the tongue or reed of a Roman tibiae

tongue-shaped things:
the tongue or reed of a Roman tibiae


architectura

la-noun

architectūra f (genitive architectūrae); first declension

architectūra (canonical feminine)
architectūrae (genitive)
architectūra (nominative singular)
architectūrae (nominative plural)
architectūrae (genitive singular)
architectūrārum (genitive plural)
architectūrae (dative singular)
architectūrīs (dative plural)
architectūram (accusative singular)
architectūrās (accusative plural)
architectūrā (ablative singular)
architectūrīs (ablative plural)
architectūra (singular vocative)
architectūrae (plural vocative)

Asturian: arquiteutura

Catalan: arquitectura

desctree

Dutch: architectuur
Afrikaans: argitektuur
→ Indonesian: arsitektur

English: architecture

Esperanto: arĥitekturo, arkitekturo

Ido: arkitekturo

French: architecture

Galician: arquitectura

German: Architektur

Italian: architettura

Mirandese: arquitetura

Occitan: arquitectura

Portuguese: arquitetura

Romanian: arhitectură

desc

архитекту́ра

Russian: архитекту́ра (arxitektúra)

Spanish: arquitectura

[ärkʰɪt̪ɛkˈt̪uːrä]

From architectus (“architect, designer”) + -tūra, the former of which is a remodeling of Ancient Greek ἀρχιτέκτων (arkhitéktōn) under influence of tegō. The "Latinization" of the second component facilitated the suffixion of -tūra, overriding the originally stem-immanent t.


pera

la-noun

pēra f (genitive pērae); first declension

pēra (canonical feminine)
pērae (genitive)
pēra (nominative singular)
pērae (nominative plural)
pērae (genitive singular)
pērārum (genitive plural)
pērae (dative singular)
pērīs (dative plural)
pēram (accusative singular)
pērās (accusative plural)
pērā (ablative singular)
pērīs (ablative plural)
pēra (singular vocative)
pērae (plural vocative)


materia

māteria f (genitive māteriae); first declension

māteria (canonical feminine)
māteriae (genitive)
māteria (nominative singular)
māteriae (nominative plural)
māteriae (genitive singular)
māteriārum (genitive plural)
māteriae (dative singular)
māteriīs (dative plural)
māteriam (accusative singular)
māteriās (accusative plural)
māteriā (ablative singular)
māteriīs (ablative plural)
māteria (singular vocative)
māteriae (plural vocative)
māteriēs (alternative)

Asturian: madera, materia

→ Franco-Provençal: matièri

→ Old French: matere

French: matière

desctree

→ Middle Dutch: materie
Dutch: materie
Negerhollands: materie, matering
→ Indonesian: materi

→ Middle English: matere

English: matter

Scots: matter

→ German: Materie

Hunsrik: Materje

→ Italian: materia

Old Francoprovençal: maieiri

Old Galician-Portuguese: madeira

Fala: madeira, maeira, meira

Galician: madeira

Portuguese: madeira

→ Portuguese: matéria (learned)

→ Romanian: materie

→ Russian: мате́рия (matérija), мате́рія (matérija) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)
→ Kazakh: материя (materiä)

Sicilian: matera, matèria

Old Spanish: madera

Spanish: madera

→ Spanish: materia (learned)

→ Swedish: materia

→ Turkish: öğe (calque)

[mäːˈt̪ɛriä]

[mäˈt̪ɛːriä]

Traditionally derived from māter (“mother, at least in the sense of 'source'”) + -ia, in which case cognate with Old Armenian մայր (mayr, “cedar”) and մայրի (mayri, “forest”). Sense 1 is a semantic loan from Ancient Greek ὕλη (húlē, “wood, matter”), introduced by Cicero.

sl

Et vellem, herculēs, māteriam repperīrem aliquam quam deus tantus affluenter indueret.

c. 125 CE – 180 CE, Apuleius, Metamorphoses 2.31

And, by Hercules, I would like to find [clothing] material that such a great god could wear in flowing folds.

matter; material; component stuff; substance


olla

la-noun

ōlla f (genitive ōllae); first declension

ōlla (canonical feminine)
ōllae (genitive)
ōlla (nominative singular)
ōllae (nominative plural)
ōllae (genitive singular)
ōllārum (genitive plural)
ōllae (dative singular)
ōllīs (dative plural)
ōllam (accusative singular)
ōllās (accusative plural)
ōllā (ablative singular)
ōllīs (ablative plural)
ōlla (singular vocative)
ōllae (plural vocative)
aula (alternative)
aulla (alternative)
ōla (alternative)

Aromanian: oalã, ole

Catalan: olla

Friulian: ole

Old French: ole, uele

French: olle, oullière

Galician: ola

Italian: olla

Occitan: ola

Romanian: oală

Spanish: olla

→ Portuguese: olha

From Proto-Italic *aukslā, from Proto-Indo-European *Hukʷsleh₂, Proto-Indo-European *Hukʷ- (“cooking pot”), of possible substrate origin. Compare Sanskrit उखा (ukhā), Albanian anë, Ancient Greek ἰπνός (ipnós), Proto-Germanic *uhnaz, *uhwnaz, and subsequently Old Norse and Old English ofn (whence English oven).


ferrum

la-noun

ferrum n (genitive ferrī); second declension

ferrī (genitive)
ferrum (nominative singular)
ferra (nominative plural)
ferrī (genitive singular)
ferrōrum (genitive plural)
ferrō (dative singular)
ferrīs (dative plural)
ferrum (accusative singular)
ferra (accusative plural)
ferrō (ablative singular)
ferrīs (ablative plural)
ferrum (singular vocative)
ferra (plural vocative)

Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: her, heru, hjeru

Istro-Romanian: fľer

Megleno-Romanian: ier, ieru

Romanian: fier, fer — regional

Dalmatian:

fiar

Italo-Romance:

Corsican: ferru, farru

Italian: ferro

→? Sabir: ferro

Neapolitan: fierro

Tarantino: fierro

Sicilian: ferru

North Italian:

Gallo-Italic:

Emilian: fèr

Ligurian: færo

Lombard: fèr

Piedmontese: fer

Romagnol: fër

Friulian: fiêr

Istriot: fièro

Ladin: fer

Romansch: fier

Venetan: fero

Gallo-Romance:

desc

Franco-Provençal: fèr, fèrro, fa, far, farou, fè, fê

desctree

Old French: fer, fier
Middle French: fer
French: fer (see there for further descendants)
Norman: fé (France, Jersey), faer (Guernsey), fer (Sark)
Walloon: fier

Occitano-Romance:

Gascon: hèr

Occitan: fèrre, ferri, fèr

Old Catalan: ferr, ferre, ferro

Catalan: ferro

Ibero-Romance:

Navarro-Aragonese: fierro

Aragonese: fierro

Ribagorçan: ferri

Old Leonese: fierru

desc

Asturian: fierro, fierru, ḥierru, ḥierro

Extremaduran: hierru

Leonese: fierru

Mirandese: fierro

Old Galician-Portuguese: ferro

Fala: ferru

Galician: ferro

Portuguese: ferro (see there for further descendants)

desctree

Old Spanish: fierro
Ladino: fierro
Spanish: fierro, hierro
Papiamentu: heru

Insular Romance:

desc

Sardinian: ferru (most dialects), erru (most Nuorese varieties)

Borrowings:

→ English: ferrum

→ Malay: ferum

→ Translingual: Fe

From earlier *ferzom, from a substrate loanword from an unknown source. According to de Vaan, possibly from a Phoenician dialect, 𐤁𐤓𐤆𐤋 (brzl /barzel/, “iron”), akin to Aramaic פַּרְזְלָא, ܦܪܙܠܐ (parzəlā, “iron”), Akkadian 𒀭𒁇 (parzillum, “iron”), Ugaritic 𐎁𐎗𐎏𐎍 (brḏl, “iron”), considered of Anatolian origin. The word could have entered Latin through Etruscan.

unk

unknown

cog

Aramaic פַּרְזְלָא

Non est miscix. ferrum optimum daturus est, sine fuga, carnarium in medio, ut amphitheater videat.

c. 27 CE – 66 CE, Petronius, Satyricon 45.6

He is no flibbertigibbet, he will give the best fight, without flight, a carnage in the middle, so that the whole amphitheater will see it.

c. 161, Dig. XXVIII.I.8.4 Gaius libro septimo decimo ad edictum provinciale
Hi vero, qui ad ferrum aut ad bestias aut in metallum damnantur, libertatem perdunt bonaque eorum publicantur: unde apparet amittere eos testamenti factionem.

But those sentenced to fight in the arena or with the beasts or to work in the mines lose freedom and their assets are forfeited: hence one sees that the efficacy of their last will must be denied.


catapulta

la-noun

catapulta f (genitive catapultae); first declension

catapultae (genitive)
catapulta (nominative singular)
catapultae (nominative plural)
catapultae (genitive singular)
catapultārum (genitive plural)
catapultae (dative singular)
catapultīs (dative plural)
catapultam (accusative singular)
catapultās (accusative plural)
catapultā (ablative singular)
catapultīs (ablative plural)
catapulta (singular vocative)
catapultae (plural vocative)

→ Catalan: catapulta

→ Corsican: catapulta

→ English: catapulta (learned)

→ German: Katapult

→ Italian: catapulta

desc

→ Middle French: cacapulte, catapulte, cathapulte

French: catapulte
→ Romanian: catapultă

→ English: catapult

→ Polish: katapulta

→ Portuguese: catapulta

→ Spanish: catapulta

[kät̪äˈpʊɫ̪t̪ä]

Borrowed from Ancient Greek καταπέλτης (katapéltēs).


calix

la-noun

calix m (genitive calicis); third declension

calicis (genitive)
calix (nominative singular)
calicēs (nominative plural)
calicis (genitive singular)
calicum (genitive plural)
calicī (dative singular)
calicibus (dative plural)
calicem (accusative singular)
calicēs (accusative plural)
calice (ablative singular)
calicibus (ablative plural)
calix (singular vocative)
calicēs (plural vocative)

Italian: calice

Old Occitan:

Catalan: calze

Occitan: calici

Spanish: cauce

→ Albanian: qelq

→ Old French: chalice (learned) (see there for further descendants)

→ Old Galician-Portuguese: caliz, calez (semi-learned)

Galician: cáliz

Portuguese: cálice

→ Serbo-Croatian: kalež

→ Spanish: cáliz

→ Proto-West Germanic: *kalik (see there for further descendants)

In view of Umbrian skalçeta (“sacrifical vessel”), perhaps from a Proto-Italic *(s)kalik-, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kel-. Pokorny considered a parallel formation in Sanskrit कलश (kaláśa-, “(water-)jar, tub, pot, dish”), for Proto-Indo-European *kel-eḱ-, but de Vaan finds this unlikely. Alternatively, borrowed from Ancient Greek κύλιξ (kúlix) or an unattested variant thereof, maybe with contamination from κάλυξ (kálux, “shell, hull”), but it is also possible that all were borrowed from related substrate words. Compare Ancient Greek σκάλλιον (skállion, “small cup”), σκαλίς (skalís, “shovel”).


caelum

la-noun

caelum n (genitive caelī); second declension

caelī (genitive)
caelum (nominative singular)
caela (nominative plural)
caelī (genitive singular)
caelōrum (genitive plural)
caelō (dative singular)
caelīs (dative plural)
caelum (accusative singular)
caela (accusative plural)
caelō (ablative singular)
caelīs (ablative plural)
caelum (singular vocative)
caela (plural vocative)
cēlum (alternative)
coelum (alternative)

→ English: Caelum

From Proto-Italic *kaid(s)lom, from Proto-Indo-European *kh₂eyd- (“cut, hew”) (whence also caedō (“I cut”)).

der

[ˈkäe̯ɫ̪ʊ̃ˑ]


argentum

la-noun

argentum n (genitive argentī); second declension

argentī (genitive)
argentum (nominative singular)
argenta (nominative plural)
argentī (genitive singular)
argentōrum (genitive plural)
argentō (dative singular)
argentīs (dative plural)
argentum (accusative singular)
argenta (accusative plural)
argentō (ablative singular)
argentīs (ablative plural)
argentum (singular vocative)
argenta (plural vocative)
☽tum (alternative)

Insular Romance:

desc

Sardinian: arghentu (Logudorese), argentu (Campidanese)

Balkan Romance:

Megleno-Romanian: arzint, arzintu, răzint

Romanian: argint

desctree

→ Albanian: argjend
→ Aromanian: argheandu

Italo-Dalmatian:

Corsican: argentu

Gallurese: algentu

Dalmatian: arziant

Italian: argento, ariento (obsolete)

Sicilian: argentu, arjentu (dated)

Venetan: arxento

Rhaeto-Romance:

Friulian: arint

Romansch: argient, argien (Sursilvan)

Gallo-Italic:

Ligurian: argénto

Lombard: arsgent, arzent

Piedmontese: argent

Romagnol: arẓént

Gallo-Romance:

Catalan: argent

Old French: argent (see there for further descendants)

Old Occitan: argent, argen
Occitan: argent
→ Old Spanish: argent

Ibero-Romance:

Aragonese: archent

Old Leonese:

Asturian: arxén, arxentu

Old Galician-Portuguese: arento

Old Spanish: ariento

Borrowings:

→ Galician: arxento

→ Malay: argentum

→ Portuguese: argento

→ Spanish: argento

[ärˈɡɛn̪t̪ʊ̃ˑ]

From Proto-Italic *argentom n, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂r̥ǵn̥tóm n.

Tacitus Germania, chapter 5 (translation M. Hutton).
Argentum et aurum propitiine an irati di negaverint dubito.
The gods have denied them gold and silver, whether in mercy or wrath I find it hard to say.


hydrargyrus

la-noun

hydrargyrus m (genitive hydrargyrī); second declension

hydrargyrī (genitive)
hydrargyrus (nominative singular)
hydrargyrī (nominative plural)
hydrargyrī (genitive singular)
hydrargyrōrum (genitive plural)
hydrargyrō (dative singular)
hydrargyrīs (dative plural)
hydrargyrum (accusative singular)
hydrargyrōs (accusative plural)
hydrargyrō (ablative singular)
hydrargyrīs (ablative plural)
hydrargyre (singular vocative)
hydrargyrī (plural vocative)

[hʏˈd̪rärɡʏrʊs̠]

From the Ancient Greek ὑδράργυρος (hudrárguros, “quicksilver (artificially prepared from cinnabar-ore)”), from ὕδωρ (húdōr, “water”) + ἄργῠρος (árgŭros, “silver”).

der

quicksilver (artificially prepared), mercury


clavus

la-noun

clāvus m (genitive clāvī); second declension

clāvus (canonical masculine)
clāvī (genitive)
clāvus (nominative singular)
clāvī (nominative plural)
clāvī (genitive singular)
clāvōrum (genitive plural)
clāvō (dative singular)
clāvīs (dative plural)
clāvum (accusative singular)
clāvōs (accusative plural)
clāvō (ablative singular)
clāvīs (ablative plural)
clāve (singular vocative)
clāvī (plural vocative)

Italo-Romance:

Istriot: ciuodo

Old Italian: chiavo, chiovo

Italian: chiodo (influenced by chiudere 'shut')

Sicilian: chiovu

Sardinian:

crau, cravu, giau

Padanian:

Emilian: ciold, ciod

Friulian: claud

Ligurian: ciöo

Old Lombard: chiouo

Lombard: ciod

Piedmontese: ciòv, ciò

Venetan: ciodo, clold (medieval)

Northern Gallo-Romance:

Franco-Provençal: cllou

Old French: clou

French: clou

→ English: clove

Walloon: clå

Southern Gallo-Romance:

Aragonese: clau, cllau (Ribagorçan)

Catalan: clau

Occitan: clau

Ibero-Romance:

Asturian: clavu, clau

Spanish: clavo

Old Galician-Portuguese: cravo

Galician: cravo

Portuguese: cravo

Borrowed:

→ Old Italian: clavo

[ˈkɫ̪äːu̯ʊs̠]

From Proto-Italic *klāwos, from Proto-Indo-European *kleh₂w-o-s, from *kleh₂u- (“nail, pin, hook - instruments, of old use for locking doors”). Cognate with Ancient Greek κλείς (kleís, “key”) and Old Church Slavonic ключь (ključĭ, “key”). Latin clāvis (“key”) is either a secondary i-stem derivation, or a loanword from Ancient Greek κληΐς (klēḯs).


cymitharra

la-noun

cymithārra f (genitive cymithārrae); first declension

cymithārra (canonical feminine)
cymithārrae (genitive)
cymithārra (nominative singular)
cymithārrae (nominative plural)
cymithārrae (genitive singular)
cymithārrārum (genitive plural)
cymithārrae (dative singular)
cymithārrīs (dative plural)
cymithārram (accusative singular)
cymithārrās (accusative plural)
cymithārrā (ablative singular)
cymithārrīs (ablative plural)
cymithārra (singular vocative)
cymithārrae (plural vocative)

[kʏmɪˈt̪ʰäːrːä]

Omnes autẽ Ianizari ab aliis peditibus amictu breuiore & mitris niueis acuminatis distinguuntur: item armis quae scutum sunt & ensis quẽ Cymitharram uocãt & arcus.

1540, Christophori Richerii Thorignei, De Rebus Turcarum Libri, page 60:


onager

onager m (genitive onagrī); second declension

onagrī (genitive)
onager (nominative singular)
onagrī (nominative plural)
onagrī (genitive singular)
onagrōrum (genitive plural)
onagrō (dative singular)
onagrīs (dative plural)
onagrum (accusative singular)
onagrōs (accusative plural)
onagrō (ablative singular)
onagrīs (ablative plural)
onager (singular vocative)
onagrī (plural vocative)
onagrus (alternative)

French: onagre

Italian: onagro

Portuguese: onagro

Spanish: onagro

→ English: onager

[ˈɔːnäd͡ʒer]

From Hellenistic Ancient Greek ὄναγρος (ónagros, “wild ass”), from ὄνος (ónos, “ass”) + ἄγριος (ágrios, “wild”).


lapis

la-noun

lapis m (genitive lapidis); third declension

lapidis (genitive)
lapis (nominative singular)
lapidēs (nominative plural)
lapidis (genitive singular)
lapidum (genitive plural)
lapidī (dative singular)
lapidibus (dative plural)
lapidem (accusative singular)
lapidēs (accusative plural)
lapide (ablative singular)
lapidibus (ablative plural)
lapis (singular vocative)
lapidēs (plural vocative)

Italian: lapida, lapide

→ Catalan: làpida

Spanish: laude

→ Italian: lapis (see there for further descendants)

→ Polish: lapis

→ Portuguese: lápide

→ Russian: ля́пис (ljápis)

→ Spanish: lápida (see there for further descendants)

From Proto-Italic *lapets. May be connected with Ancient Greek λέπας (lépas, “bare rock, crag”), either from Proto-Indo-European *lep- (“to peel”) (compare secō, saxum; rumpō, rupēs) or, more likely, a Mediterranean substrate language.

cog

et lapis iste quem erexi in titulum vocabitur Domus Dei

Late 4th century, Jerome [et al.], transl., edited by Roger Gryson, Biblia Sacra: Iuxta Vulgatam Versionem (Vulgate), 5th edition, Stuttgart: Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, published 2007, →ISBN, Genesis 28:22:

And this stone, which I have set for a pillar, shall be God's house


ornus

la-noun

ornus f (genitive ornī); second declension

ornī (genitive)
ornus (nominative singular)
ornī (nominative plural)
ornī (genitive singular)
ornōrum (genitive plural)
ornō (dative singular)
ornīs (dative plural)
ornum (accusative singular)
ornōs (accusative plural)
ornō (ablative singular)
ornīs (ablative plural)
orne (singular vocative)
ornī (plural vocative)

Dalmatian: uarno

→ French: orne (learned)

Italian: orno, orniello

Romanian: urm

From Proto-Indo-European *Heh₃s-. See also English ash.


clava

clāva f (genitive clāvae); first declension

clāva (canonical feminine)
clāvae (genitive)
clāva (nominative singular)
clāvae (nominative plural)
clāvae (genitive singular)
clāvārum (genitive plural)
clāvae (dative singular)
clāvīs (dative plural)
clāvam (accusative singular)
clāvās (accusative plural)
clāvā (ablative singular)
clāvīs (ablative plural)
clāva (singular vocative)
clāvae (plural vocative)

→ Italian: clava

→ Portuguese: clava

→ Spanish: clava

From Proto-Italic *klāwā, from Proto-Indo-European *kelh₂- (“to beat, break”). Cognate with Latin clādes, percellō, gladius.


lima

la-noun

līma f (genitive līmae); first declension

līma (canonical feminine)
līmae (genitive)
līma (nominative singular)
līmae (nominative plural)
līmae (genitive singular)
līmārum (genitive plural)
līmae (dative singular)
līmīs (dative plural)
līmam (accusative singular)
līmās (accusative plural)
līmā (ablative singular)
līmīs (ablative plural)
līma (singular vocative)
līmae (plural vocative)

→ Albanian: limë

Catalan: llima

French: lime

Galician: lima

Italian: lima

Portuguese: lima

Sicilian: lima

Spanish: lima

→ Proto-Brythonic: *lliβ̃

Middle Breton: liü

Breton: livn

Cornish: liv

Welsh: llif

Maybe from Proto-Indo-European *sley- (“smooth; slick; sticky; slimy”). Cognates include Latin limus, English slime, German Schleim (“mucus, slime”) and Ancient Greek λίμνη (límnē, “marsh”).

der

polishing, revision (of a literary composition)


vanga

la-noun

vanga f (genitive vangae); first declension

vangae (genitive)
vanga (nominative singular)
vangae (nominative plural)
vangae (genitive singular)
vangārum (genitive plural)
vangae (dative singular)
vangīs (dative plural)
vangam (accusative singular)
vangās (accusative plural)
vangā (ablative singular)
vangīs (ablative plural)
vanga (singular vocative)
vangae (plural vocative)

Catalan: fanga

Italian: vanga

Of Germanic origin, from Proto-Germanic *wagnisan (“ploughshare”), from Proto-Indo-European *wogʷʰni- (“coulter”); compare Old Norse vangsni (“ploughshare”).

a spade with a crossbar for applying the foot


acinaces

acīnacēs m (genitive acīnacis); third declension

acīnacēs (canonical masculine)
acīnacis (genitive)
acīnacēs (nominative singular)
acīnacēs (nominative plural)
acīnacis (genitive singular)
acīnacium (genitive plural)
acīnacī (dative singular)
acīnacibus (dative plural)
acīnacem (accusative singular)
acīnacēs (accusative plural)
acīnacīs (accusative plural)
acīnace (ablative singular)
acīnacibus (ablative plural)
acīnacēs (singular vocative)
acīnacēs (plural vocative)

[äˈt͡ʃiːnät͡ʃes]

a sword used by the Persians, a scimitar


later

later m (genitive lateris); third declension

lateris (genitive)
later (nominative singular)
laterēs (nominative plural)
lateris (genitive singular)
laterum (genitive plural)
laterī (dative singular)
lateribus (dative plural)
laterem (accusative singular)
laterēs (accusative plural)
latere (ablative singular)
lateribus (ablative plural)
later (singular vocative)
laterēs (plural vocative)

Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *pleth₂- (“flat”), or from *stelh₃- (“broad”) (in which case latus (“side, flank”) would be its neuter form).


pala

pāla f (genitive pālae); first declension

pāla (canonical feminine)
pālae (genitive)
pāla (nominative singular)
pālae (nominative plural)
pālae (genitive singular)
pālārum (genitive plural)
pālae (dative singular)
pālīs (dative plural)
pālam (accusative singular)
pālās (accusative plural)
pālā (ablative singular)
pālīs (ablative plural)
pāla (singular vocative)
pālae (plural vocative)

Catalan: pala

English: pale

Old French: pele

French: pelle

French: pale

Friulian: pale

Italian: pala

Mirandese: pala

desctree

Old Galician-Portuguese: paa
Galician: pa, pá, paa
Portuguese: pá

Piedmontese: pala

→ Portuguese: pala

Romanian: pală

Sicilian: pala

Spanish: pala

Tashelhit: tafala

Welsh: pâl

From Proto-Italic *pākslā, from Proto-Indo-European *pak-slo-, from *peh₂ǵ- (“to attach, fasten”). See pangō, pāgus, pacīscor, pāx, pāgina.


lituus

la-noun

lituus m (genitive lituī); second declension

lituī (genitive)
lituus (nominative singular)
lituī (nominative plural)
lituī (genitive singular)
lituōrum (genitive plural)
lituō (dative singular)
lituīs (dative plural)
lituum (accusative singular)
lituōs (accusative plural)
lituō (ablative singular)
lituīs (ablative plural)
litue (singular vocative)
lituī (plural vocative)

[ˈlʲɪt̪uʊs̠]

From Etruscan or from Proto-Indo-European *(e)lAi- (“to bend”). Compare English lith and German Glied (“limb”).


plumbum

la-noun

plumbum n (genitive plumbī); second declension

plumbī (genitive)
plumbum (nominative singular)
plumba (nominative plural)
plumbī (genitive singular)
plumbōrum (genitive plural)
plumbō (dative singular)
plumbīs (dative plural)
plumbum (accusative singular)
plumba (accusative plural)
plumbō (ablative singular)
plumbīs (ablative plural)
plumbum (singular vocative)
plumba (plural vocative)

Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: pliumbu, pljumbu

Romanian: plumb

Italo-Romance:

Corsican: piombu

Italian: piombo

Neapolitan: chiummo

Sicilian: chiummu

Padanian:

Emilian: piòmb

Friulian: plomp, plomb

Ligurian: cióngio

Lombard: piomb, piom

Piedmontese: piomb

Romagnol: piòmb

Romansch: plum, plùn m, plùm m, plom m

Venetan: piònbo

Northern Gallo-Romance:

Franco-Provençal: plomb

Middle French: plomb

French: plomb ⇒ plombe

→ German: Plombe

→ Middle English: plumbe, plumme

English: plumb

Southern Gallo-Romance:

Catalan: plom

→? Asturian: plomu, plombu

q

→? Spanish: plomo (can also be from Aragonese or an early semi-borrowing)

Occitan: plomb

Ibero-Romance:

Aragonese: plomo, plom

Ribagorçan: pllom

desctree

Old Galician-Portuguese: chumbo, chonbo, chũbo, chunbo
Galician: chumbo
Portuguese: chumbo

Insular Romance:

Sardinian: peumu, piumbu, piumu, plumbu

Borrowings:

→ Albanian: plumb

→ English: plumbum

→ German: Plumbum

→ Limburgish: plómb

→ Portuguese: prumo (semi-learned)

→ Malay: plumbum

→ Proto-Brythonic: *plum

Middle Welsh: plwm

Welsh: plwm

[ˈpɫ̪ʊmbʊ̃ˑ]

Traditionally connected to Ancient Greek μόλυβδος (mólubdos, “lead”); however, this is repudiated by Beekes, who instead connects the Latin term to Proto-Celtic *ɸloudom (“lead”). De Vaan accepts this cognate pairing, but notes that the Latin and Celtic terms would have to be borrowed from a substrate language due to phonetic mismatches if the Latin were inherited directly from Proto-Indo-European *plowdʰo- (“lead”). Said substrate may be Etruscan, Iberian, or some other pre-Indo-European Mediterranean language; compare Proto-Berber *būldūn.


pilum

la-noun

pīlum n (genitive pīlī); second declension

pīlum (canonical neuter)
pīlī (genitive)
pīlum (nominative singular)
pīla (nominative plural)
pīlī (genitive singular)
pīlōrum (genitive plural)
pīlō (dative singular)
pīlīs (dative plural)
pīlum (accusative singular)
pīla (accusative plural)
pīlō (ablative singular)
pīlīs (ablative plural)
pīlum (singular vocative)
pīla (plural vocative)

Italian: pilo, pillo

>? Romanian: pil

→ Dutch: pijl

→ English: pile

→ French: pile

→ German: Pfeil

→ Italian: pilo

→ Portuguese: pilo

→ Spanish: pilo

→ Swedish: pil

From Proto-Italic *pistlom, from Proto-Indo-European *pistlom, from *peys- (“to crush”). See pistillum, pīla, pīnsō.


linter

linter f or m (genitive lintris); third declension

lintris (genitive)
linter (nominative singular)
lintrēs (nominative plural)
lintris (genitive singular)
lintrium (genitive plural)
lintrī (dative singular)
lintribus (dative plural)
lintrem (accusative singular)
lintrēs (accusative plural)
lintrīs (accusative plural)
lintre (ablative singular)
lintribus (ablative plural)
linter (singular vocative)
lintrēs (plural vocative)

Albanian: ljundrë

Aromanian: luntri, lãndurã

Dalmatian: lundro

Romanian: luntre

[ˈlʲɪn̪t̪ɛr]

From older form lunter, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *plew- (“to wash”); more at pluit (“it rains”). Cf. also Ancient Greek πλυντήρ (pluntḗr).

nāviget hinc alia iam mihi linter aquā.

From here, let now my boat sail other waters.
That is to say:
Let me now turn to something different.
(Ovid concludes Book 2 of the Fasti and looks ahead to the next one.)

small, lightweight boat, skiff, canoe, wherry


penna

penna f (genitive pennae); first declension

pennae (genitive)
penna (nominative singular)
pennae (nominative plural)
pennae (genitive singular)
pennārum (genitive plural)
pennae (dative singular)
pennīs (dative plural)
pennam (accusative singular)
pennās (accusative plural)
pennā (ablative singular)
pennīs (ablative plural)
penna (singular vocative)
pennae (plural vocative)
pinna (alternative)

Aromanian: peanã f

Asturian: peña

Catalan: penya f

desctree

Old French: penne f
Middle French: penne f
French: penne f
Anglo-Norman: penne f
→ Middle English: penne, pen
English: pen
Scots: pen
→ Welsh: pìn

Friulian: pene f

Italian: penna f

Megleno-Romanian: peană f

Old Galician-Portuguese: pena

Galician: pena f

Portuguese: pena f

Romanian: pană f

Romansch: penna

Sardinian: pinna

Spanish: peña f

Sicilian: pinna f

Venetan: pena

Walloon: pene

→ Albanian: pendë f

→ Danish: pen c

→ Icelandic: penni m

→ Old Irish: penn

Irish: peann m

Manx: penn m

Scottish Gaelic: peann m

→ Norwegian: penn

→ Swedish: penna c

From Proto-Italic *petnā, from Proto-Indo-European *péth₂r̥ ~ pth₂én- (“feather, wing”), from *peth₂- (“to fly”), with pinna apparently representing a dialectal variant with pre-nasal raising. See also pēnis (“tail, penis”), which penna may have been conflated semantically with.


scutum

la-noun

scūtum n (genitive scūtī); second declension

scūtum (canonical neuter)
scūtī (genitive)
scūtum (nominative singular)
scūta (nominative plural)
scūtī (genitive singular)
scūtōrum (genitive plural)
scūtō (dative singular)
scūtīs (dative plural)
scūtum (accusative singular)
scūta (accusative plural)
scūtō (ablative singular)
scūtīs (ablative plural)
scūtum (singular vocative)
scūta (plural vocative)

→ Proto-Albanian: *škūta (possibly)

Albanian: shqyt

Asturian: escudu

Catalan: escut

→ English: scute, Scutum, scutum

Franco-Provençal: êcu

Old French: escut

desctree

French: écu
→ English: écu
→ Turkish: ekü

Friulian: scût

Galician: escudo

Greek: σκούτον (skoúton)

Italian: scudo
→ English: scudo

Occitan: escut

Portuguese: escudo
→ English: escudo

Romanian: scut

Sicilian: scutu, Scutu

Spanish: escudo

[ˈs̠kuːt̪ʊ̃ˑ]

Possibly from Proto-Italic *skoitom (“shield”), from Proto-Indo-European *skoy-tó-m (“piece of wood, sheath, shield”), from *skey- (“to cut, split”); cognate with Old Irish scíath (“shield”), Russian щит (ščit, “shield”). Alternative theories derive the term from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kewH- (“to cover, protect”) via *(s)kuH-tó-m.

der

a type of shield: the scutum, the large oblong wooden shield carried by the Roman infantry

(figuratively) a defense, protection, shelter


ballista

la-noun

ballista f (genitive ballistae); first declension

ballistae (genitive)
ballista (nominative singular)
ballistae (nominative plural)
ballistae (genitive singular)
ballistārum (genitive plural)
ballistae (dative singular)
ballistīs (dative plural)
ballistam (accusative singular)
ballistās (accusative plural)
ballistā (ablative singular)
ballistīs (ablative plural)
ballista (singular vocative)
ballistae (plural vocative)
balista (alternative)
ballistra (alternative)

Asturian: ballesta

Catalan: ballesta

→ Czech: balista

→ English: ballista

→ Finnish: ballista

French: baliste

Galician: bestra

⇒ Galician: balistrón, balastrón

Italian: balista, balestra

→ Portuguese: balestra

desctree

Old Galician-Portuguese: baesta
Galician: bésta f
Portuguese: besta f

Old Spanish: ballesta

Spanish: ballesta

Sicilian: balistra, balestra

→ Polish: balista

→ Portuguese: balista

→ Romanian: balistă

→ Russian: балли́ста (ballísta)

→ Spanish: balista

→ Swedish: ballista

[bälˈlʲɪs̠t̪ä]

From Ancient Greek βαλλίστρα (ballístra), from βάλλω (bállō, “I throw”).


crater

la-noun

crātēr m (genitive crātēris or crātēros); third declension

crātēr (canonical masculine)
crātēris (genitive)
crātēros (genitive)
crātēr (nominative singular)
crātērēs (nominative plural)
crātēres (nominative plural)
crātēris (genitive singular)
crātēros (genitive singular)
crātērum (genitive plural)
crātērī (dative singular)
crātēribus (dative plural)
crātērem (accusative singular)
crātēra (accusative singular)
crātērēs (accusative plural)
crātēras (accusative plural)
crātēre (ablative singular)
crātēribus (ablative plural)
crātēr (singular vocative)
crātērēs (plural vocative)
crātēres (plural vocative)
crātēra (alternative)
crēterra (alternative)

→ English: crater

→ Finnish: krateeri

→ French: cratère

→ German: Krater

→ Hungarian: kráter

→ Serbo-Croatian: кра́тер

→ Russian: кра́тер (kráter)

→ Sicilian: cratiri

→ Spanish: cráter

→ Catalan: cràter

→ Galician: cráter

Borrowed from Ancient Greek κρᾱτήρ (krātḗr, “mixingbowl, wassail-bowl”), from κεράννυμι (keránnumi, “to mix, to mingle, to blend”).

bor

A basin or bowl for water or for mixing.


glans

la-noun

glāns f (genitive glandis); third declension

glāns (canonical feminine)
glandis (genitive)
glāns (nominative singular)
glandēs (nominative plural)
glandis (genitive singular)
glandum (genitive plural)
glandī (dative singular)
glandibus (dative plural)
glandem (accusative singular)
glandēs (accusative plural)
glande (ablative singular)
glandibus (ablative plural)
glāns (singular vocative)
glandēs (plural vocative)
glandō (alternative)

Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: gljindã

Romanian: ghindă

Italo-Romance:

Italian: ghianda, ajjanna (Reati)

Sicilian: ghianna

Calabrian: aghianda

Padanian:

Friulian: gland, glant

Ladin: gian

Piedmontese: giand, agian, gianda

desc

Romansch: glogn, glonda, galonda, glanda

Northern Gallo-Romance:

Franco-Provençal: glland, agllan, allan, llan

Valdôtain: llande, llan

Old French: glant, glande

French: gland, glande

Southern Gallo-Romance:

Aragonese: glan

Belsetán: lan

Ribagorçan: llan

Old Catalan: glan, aglan

Catalan: gla, aglá

Old Occitan: glan, aglan

Occitan: agland (silent ⟨d⟩)

Gascon: gland

Vivaro-Alpine: gland, alhand

Ibero-Romance:

Asturian: llande

Portuguese: lande

Spanish: lande (Álava), llande (regional?)

Insular Romance:

Sardinian:

Campidanese: landi

Logudorese: lande, landa

Nuorese: grande, lande, lanne

Vulgar Latin: glandinis

Neapolitan: ghialne (Andria)

Piedmontese: giandr

Sardinian: landiri (Campidanese)

Spanish: landre

Borrowings:

→ Catalan: gland

→ English: gland, glans

→ French: glande

→ Galician: glande

→ Italian: glande

→ Portuguese: glande

→ Romanian: gland

→ Russian: гла́нды (glándy)

→ Spanish: glande

⇒ Translingual: Glandirana

From Proto-Italic *glānts, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷelh₂- (“acorn”).

(weaponry) an acorn-shaped ball of lead or clay, hurled at the enemy

(transferred sense)
(New Latin, firearms) a bullet


funda

la-noun

funda f (genitive fundae); first declension

fundae (genitive)
funda (nominative singular)
fundae (nominative plural)
fundae (genitive singular)
fundārum (genitive plural)
fundae (dative singular)
fundīs (dative plural)
fundam (accusative singular)
fundās (accusative plural)
fundā (ablative singular)
fundīs (ablative plural)
funda (singular vocative)
fundae (plural vocative)

Catalan: fona, → funda

West Iberian

Old Galician-Portuguese:

Galician: fonda, funda

Portuguese: funda

Spanish: honda

→ Koine Greek: φοῦνδα (phoûnda)

→ Greek: φούντα (foúnta, “tuft”)

Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *bʰondʰeh₂, from *bʰendʰ- (“to bind”), whence English bind. Alternatively, a loanword from an unknown language, which may also have been the source of Ancient Greek σφενδόνη (sphendónē, “sling”).

cog

a hand-sling (contrasted with fustibalus (“a sling-staff”, “a stick sling”))

fionda

⇒ Vulgar Latin: *flunda (metathesis); Italian

ciunna

⇒ Vulgar Latin: *flunda (metathesis); Sicilian


fasciculus

la-noun

fasciculus m (genitive fasciculī); second declension

fasciculī (genitive)
fasciculus (nominative singular)
fasciculī (nominative plural)
fasciculī (genitive singular)
fasciculōrum (genitive plural)
fasciculō (dative singular)
fasciculīs (dative plural)
fasciculum (accusative singular)
fasciculōs (accusative plural)
fasciculō (ablative singular)
fasciculīs (ablative plural)
fascicule (singular vocative)
fasciculī (plural vocative)

→ English: fascicle, fasciculus

French: fascicule

→ German: Faszikel

Italian: fascicolo

→ Portuguese: fascículo

→ Spanish: fascículo

[fäs̠ˈkɪkʊɫ̪ʊs̠]


televisio

tēlevīsiō f (genitive tēlevīsiōnis); third declension

tēlevīsiō (canonical feminine)
tēlevīsiōnis (genitive)
tēlevīsiō (nominative singular)
tēlevīsiōnēs (nominative plural)
tēlevīsiōnis (genitive singular)
tēlevīsiōnum (genitive plural)
tēlevīsiōnī (dative singular)
tēlevīsiōnibus (dative plural)
tēlevīsiōnem (accusative singular)
tēlevīsiōnēs (accusative plural)
tēlevīsiōne (ablative singular)
tēlevīsiōnibus (ablative plural)
tēlevīsiō (singular vocative)
tēlevīsiōnēs (plural vocative)

(Contemporary Latin) television (medium)

1957, Pope Pius XII, Miranda Prorsus https://w2.vatican.va/content/pius-xii/la/encyclicals/documents/hf_p-xii_enc_08091957_miranda-prorsus.pdf, Vatican (Litterae Encyclicae)

Many have a television, since its shows provide to the eyes, with ordinary cinematographic art, the very action and activity of life.

Televisioni plura sunt; cum cinematographica arte communia, quandoquidem eius spectationes ipsam vitae actionem agitationemque oculis exhibent.

(Contemporary Latin) television (device)


hydrargyrum

hydrargyrum n (genitive hydrargyrī); second declension

hydrargyrī (genitive)
hydrargyrum (nominative singular)
hydrargyra (nominative plural)
hydrargyrī (genitive singular)
hydrargyrōrum (genitive plural)
hydrargyrō (dative singular)
hydrargyrīs (dative plural)
hydrargyrum (accusative singular)
hydrargyra (accusative plural)
hydrargyrō (ablative singular)
hydrargyrīs (ablative plural)
hydrargyrum (singular vocative)
hydrargyra (plural vocative)

Translingual: Hg

English: hydrargyrum

French: hydrargyre

desc

гидра́ргирум

Russian: гидра́ргирум (gidrárgirum)

An alteration of the Classical Latin hydrargyrus (“quicksilver (artificially prepared)”), by analogy with the names of other metals, such as aurum (“gold”) and argentum (“silver”).

cog

[hʏˈd̪rärɡʏrʊ̃ˑ]


raeda

la-noun

raeda f (genitive raedae); first declension

raedae (genitive)
raeda (nominative singular)
raedae (nominative plural)
raedae (genitive singular)
raedārum (genitive plural)
raedae (dative singular)
raedīs (dative plural)
raedam (accusative singular)
raedās (accusative plural)
raedā (ablative singular)
raedīs (ablative plural)
raeda (singular vocative)
raedae (plural vocative)
rēda (alternative)
rheda (alternative)

Borrowed from Celtic, from Proto-Celtic *reido- (compare the second element of *uɸoreidos (“horse”)), from Proto-Indo-European *reydʰ- (“to ride, go”). Cognate with English ride, road, raid.


barca

la-noun

barca f (genitive barcae); first declension

barcae (genitive)
barca (nominative singular)
barcae (nominative plural)
barcae (genitive singular)
barcārum (genitive plural)
barcae (dative singular)
barcīs (dative plural)
barcam (accusative singular)
barcās (accusative plural)
barcā (ablative singular)
barcīs (ablative plural)
barca (singular vocative)
barcae (plural vocative)

Gallo-Italian:

Venetan: barca

Iberian:

Old Galician-Portuguese: barca

Galician: barca

Portuguese: barca

Spanish: barca

East Iberian/Occitano-Romance:

Old Occitan: barca

Catalan: barca

Occitan: barca

Italo-Dalmatian:

Dalmatian: buarca

Italian: barca

→ Hungarian: bárka

→ Romanian: barcă

→ Serbo-Croatian: barka

Sicilian: varca

Oïl:

desctree

Old French: barge
Middle French: barge
French: barge
→ Russian: баржа (barža)
→ Middle English: barge, bargge, baarge, berge, barche
English: barge
Scots: bairge (possibly)

Rhaetian:

Friulian: barcje

Romansch: bartga

Medieval Latin: barca, barcha, barga

→ Middle French: barque

French: barque

→ English: barque

→ Russian: барк (bark)

→ Faroese: bark

→ Norwegian: bark

→ Danish: bark

→ Irish: bárc

→ Middle Breton: barc

Breton: barc

→ Middle Dutch: barke

Dutch: bark

→ Middle High German: barke

German: Barke

→ Middle Low German: barke

→ Russian: барка (barka)

→ Middle English: barke

English: bark

→ Welsh: barc

→ Byzantine Greek: βάρκα (bárka) (reborrowing)

Greek: βάρκα (várka)

→ Aromanian: varcã

Late Latin, first attested in a late 2nd or early 3rd-century inscription in Balsa (ILS 5069). Surfaces again much later in Medieval Latin as barca, by that point a borrowing from Romance.
Regular syncope of Vulgar Latin *bārica, from Latin bāris (“Egyptian shallow wide flat-bottomed river boat”), from Ancient Greek βᾶρις (bâris), from Demotic br, from Egyptian bꜣjr (“transport ship”), b-bA-A-y:r*Z1-P1

cog

baris (a type of flat-bottomed freighter used on the Nile in Ancient Egypt)


aero

la-noun

aerō m (genitive aerōnis); third declension

aerō (canonical masculine)
aerōnis (genitive)
aerō (nominative singular)
aerōnēs (nominative plural)
aerōnis (genitive singular)
aerōnum (genitive plural)
aerōnī (dative singular)
aerōnibus (dative plural)
aerōnem (accusative singular)
aerōnēs (accusative plural)
aerōne (ablative singular)
aerōnibus (ablative plural)
aerō (singular vocative)
aerōnēs (plural vocative)
ērō (alternative)


orca

orca f (genitive orcae); first declension

orcae (genitive)
orca (nominative singular)
orcae (nominative plural)
orcae (genitive singular)
orcārum (genitive plural)
orcae (dative singular)
orcīs (dative plural)
orcam (accusative singular)
orcās (accusative plural)
orcā (ablative singular)
orcīs (ablative plural)
orca (singular vocative)
orcae (plural vocative)

Catalan: orca

Galician: orca

Italian: orca

Middle French: orque f

French: orque f

→ English: orc

Portuguese: orca

Romanian: orca

Spanish: orca

→ Dutch: orka

→ English: orca

→ Cebuano: orca

→ German: Orca

desctree

→ Polish: orka, órka (Central Greater Poland)
→ Kashubian: órka

→ Proto-West Germanic: *ork (see there for further descendants)

→ Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: орца

Latin script: orka

→ Translingual: orca

Either borrowed from Ancient Greek ὕρχη (húrkhē, “earthen fish-salting vessel”), or else both borrowed separately from a substrate Mediterranean language. The sense of whale is likely influenced by ὄρυξ (órux, “pickaxe; oryx; narwhal”).


ciborium

la-noun

cibōrium n (genitive cibōriī or cibōrī); second declension

cibōrium (canonical neuter)
cibōriī (genitive)
cibōrī (genitive)
cibōrium (nominative singular)
cibōria (nominative plural)
cibōriī (genitive singular)
cibōrī (genitive singular)
cibōriōrum (genitive plural)
cibōriō (dative singular)
cibōriīs (dative plural)
cibōrium (accusative singular)
cibōria (accusative plural)
cibōriō (ablative singular)
cibōriīs (ablative plural)
cibōrium (singular vocative)
cibōria (plural vocative)
cibōria (alternative)
cibōreum (alternative)
cybōrium (alternative)
cybōreum (alternative)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek κιβώριον (kibṓrion).

the seedvessel of sacred lotus which served as a drinking vessel with the Egyptians

Oblivioso levia Massico
ciboria exple, funde capacibus

23 BCE – 13 BCE, Horace, Odes II.7.21–23

Fill the light goblets with wine from the Massicus that wreaks forgetfulness, slop salves from big shells!

by extension, any drinking vessel approximating the shape of the seedcase of the sacred lotus

(Medieval Latin) a vaulted canopy over a Christian altar fixed on four columns


cloaca

cloāca f (genitive cloācae); first declension

cloāca (canonical feminine)
cloācae (genitive)
cloāca (nominative singular)
cloācae (nominative plural)
cloācae (genitive singular)
cloācārum (genitive plural)
cloācae (dative singular)
cloācīs (dative plural)
cloācam (accusative singular)
cloācās (accusative plural)
cloācā (ablative singular)
cloācīs (ablative plural)
cloāca (singular vocative)
cloācae (plural vocative)
clovāca (alternative)
cluāca (alternative)
coācla (alternative)
covācla (alternative)
clāvaca (alternative)
clābaca (alternative)

Italian: chiavica

Tuscan, Umbrian: chiòca, chiòvina, chiòdina, chiòcana

Neapolitan: chiaveca

Portuguese: colaga (“alley”)

⇒ Vulgar Latin: *clavacaria

Catalan: claveguera

→ Catalan: cloaca

→ Danish: kloak

→ English: cloaca

→ French: cloaque

→ German: Kloake

→ Irish: clóáca

→ Italian: cloaca

→ Portuguese: cloaca

→ Romanian: cloacă

→ Spanish: cloaca

Translingual: Enterobacter cloacae

Related to cluō (“cleanse”), but the derivation is uncertain. See de Vaan (2008) for discussion.

(humorous) Of the mouth and intestines of a voracious person.


masculus

la-adj

masculus (feminine mascula, neuter masculum); first/second-declension adjective

mascula (feminine)
masculum (neuter)
masculus (masculine nominative singular)
mascula (feminine nominative singular)
masculum (neuter nominative singular)
masculī (masculine nominative singular)
masculae (feminine nominative plural)
mascula (neuter nominative plural)
masculī (genitive masculine singular)
masculae (feminine genitive singular)
masculī (genitive neuter singular)
masculōrum (genitive masculine singular)
masculārum (feminine genitive plural)
masculōrum (genitive neuter plural)
masculō (dative masculine singular)
masculae (dative feminine singular)
masculō (dative neuter singular)
masculīs (dative feminine masculine neuter)
masculum (accusative masculine singular)
masculam (accusative feminine singular)
masculum (accusative neuter singular)
masculōs (accusative masculine singular)
masculās (accusative feminine plural)
mascula (accusative neuter plural)
masculō (ablative masculine singular)
masculā (ablative feminine singular)
masculō (ablative neuter singular)
masculīs (ablative feminine masculine neuter)
mascule (masculine singular vocative)
mascula (feminine singular vocative)
masculum (neuter singular vocative)
masculī (masculine singular vocative)
masculae (feminine plural vocative)
mascula (neuter plural vocative)
masclus (alternative)
mascel (alternative)

[ˈmäs̠kʊɫ̪ʊs̠]

From mās ("male") + -culus (diminutive ending).


campana

la-noun

campāna f (genitive campānae); first declension

campāna (canonical feminine)
campānae (genitive)
campāna (nominative singular)
campānae (nominative plural)
campānae (genitive singular)
campānārum (genitive plural)
campānae (dative singular)
campānīs (dative plural)
campānam (accusative singular)
campānās (accusative plural)
campānā (ablative singular)
campānīs (ablative plural)
campāna (singular vocative)
campānae (plural vocative)

Dalmatian:

campuona, campen

Italo-Romance:

Italian: campana

Sicilian: campana

desc

→ Maltese: qanpiena, qanpiela (rarer byform)

W. Romance of N. Italy:

Friulian: cjampane

Venetan: canpana

Gallo-Romance:

Franc-Comtois: [tʃãpãn] 'stove-plate'

Old Franco-Provençal: campanna

Franco-Provençal: tsampêna, champane, ⇒ tsampainot, /tsãpãna/, /θãpãna/

Occitano-Romance:

Catalan: campana

Gascon: campane

Occitan: campana (see there for further descendants)

Ibero-Romance:

Aragonese: campana

Asturian: campana

Mirandese: campana

desctree

Old Galician-Portuguese: campãa
Galician: campá
Portuguese: campa, campã

Spanish: campana (see there for further descendants)

Insular Romance:

Sardinian: campana

desc

→ Albanian: këmborë, këmbonë — Gheg, kumborë — Arbëresh (”bell”)

→ Ancient Greek: κάμπανος (kámpanos), γάμπανος (gámpanos, “steelyard”)

desctree

→ Arabic: قَبَّان (qabbān), قَفَّان (qaffān), قَنْبَان (qanbān)
→ Amharic: ቀባን (ḳäbban)

desc

→ Old Church Slavonic: камъбанъ (kamŭbanŭ), камьбань (kamĭbanĭ), камбанъ (kambanŭ), кампанъ (kampanŭ)

desctree

→ Persian: قپان (qapân), کپان (kapân), قپون (qapun) (colloquial Teherani)
→ Azerbaijani: qapan
→ Turkish: kapan

→ Classical Syriac: ܩܐܦܐܢܐ (/*qapānā/)

desc

→ Basque: kanpana (“bell”) (or from Spanish?)

→ Byzantine Greek: καμπάνα (kampána, “bell”) (or from Venetan?)

desctree

Greek: καμπάνα (kampána)
→ Aromanian: cãmbanã
→ Bulgarian: камбана (kambana)
→ Macedonian: камбана (kambana)

desc

→ Old Church Slavonic: кѫпона (kǫpona, “steelyard”)

⇒ Old Church Slavonic: кѫпонити (kǫponiti, verb)

→ Bulgarian: къпони m pl (kǎponi)

→ Old East Slavic: купона (kupona)

desctree

→ Romanian: cumpănă
→ Hungarian: kompona

From Campānus, as the region was a centre for bronze production. Already in the first century CE Pliny speaks of the quality of aes campānum (“Campanian bronze”) and refers to vāsa campāna (“Campanian vessels [or utensils]”). First attested as a bare feminine noun in 510 CE. Notably, bronze is a traditional material for making both bells and steelyards.
It has also been suggested that Campania was simply the location where St Paulinus introduced bells to Christian ceremony.
The word has alternatively been linked, probably spuriously, to the Ancient Greek καπάνη (kapánē, “felt helmet”), owing to a supposed resemblance of shape, and also to Thessalian variants of the Ancient Greek ἀπήνη (apḗnē) bearing the sense of 'cross-piece, middle-beam'.


urna

la-noun

urna f (genitive urnae); first declension

urnae (genitive)
urna (nominative singular)
urnae (nominative plural)
urnae (genitive singular)
urnārum (genitive plural)
urnae (dative singular)
urnīs (dative plural)
urnam (accusative singular)
urnās (accusative plural)
urnā (ablative singular)
urnīs (ablative plural)
urna (singular vocative)
urnae (plural vocative)

Asturian: urna

Catalan: urna

English: urn, urna

Esperanto: urno

French: urne

Galician: urna

Georgian: ურნა (urna)

German: Urne

Italian: urna

Norwegian: urne (Bokmål), urne (Nynorsk)

Portuguese: urna

Romanian: urnă

Russian: у́рна (úrna)

Spanish: urna

Probably from *urc-na, with simplification of the cluster. Ernout and Meillet view this word, urceus, orca and Greek ὕρχη (húrkhē) (other words for vessels) as all related somehow via borrowing (with the exact source and pathway unclear). Bennett 1907 indicates that the length of the vowel in the first syllable is not established, noting that the Italian descendant could be a learned form, and hypothesizes that the word is derived from a weak grade of the root arc-, presumably referring to the root found in arceō, arca, and arx, which is now reconstructed as *h₂erk-. However, Schrijver 1991 argues that word-initial *HRC- normally has a reflex of aRC in Latin (as in argentum from *h₂r̥ǵn̥to-), which would exclude Bennett's favored etymology.
By an alternative derivation, from ūrō (“burn, singe”) in reference to the firing of the clay in their creation.

(chiefly historical) ballot box, particularly the urns used in gathering Roman ballots under the Republic


thorax

thōrax m (genitive thōrācis); third declension

thōrax (canonical masculine)
thōrācis (genitive)
thōrax (nominative singular)
thōrācēs (nominative plural)
thōrācis (genitive singular)
thōrācum (genitive plural)
thōrācī (dative singular)
thōrācibus (dative plural)
thōrācem (accusative singular)
thōrācēs (accusative plural)
thōrāce (ablative singular)
thōrācibus (ablative plural)
thōrax (singular vocative)
thōrācēs (plural vocative)

→ Catalan: tòrax

→ English: thorax

→ Esperanto: torako

→ French: thorax

→ Galician: tórax

→ German: Thorax

→ Ido: torako

→ Indonesian: toraks

→ Irish: tóracs

→ Italian: torace

→ Romanian: torace

→ Lombard: torax

→ Malay: toraks

→ Occitan: torax

→ Portuguese: tórax, torace

→ Russian: то́ракс (tóraks)

→ Slovene: toraks

→ Spanish: tórax

→ Swedish: thorax

From Ancient Greek θώραξ (thṓrax, “a breastplate, cuirass, corslet”).


vas

la-noun

vās n (genitive vāsis); third declension

vās (canonical neuter)
vāsis (genitive)
vās (nominative singular)
vāsa (nominative plural)
vāsis (genitive singular)
vāsōrum (genitive plural)
vāsī (dative singular)
vāsīs (dative plural)
vās (accusative singular)
vāsa (accusative plural)
vāse (ablative singular)
vāsīs (ablative plural)
vās (singular vocative)
vāsa (plural vocative)

⇒ Spanish: vasija (from a diminutive form)

Borrowings

→ English: vas

→ Old French:

Middle French: vase

French: vase (see there for further descendants)

Norman: vase

desctree

→ Dutch: vaas
Afrikaans: vaas
→ Indonesian: vas

→ Irish: vása

→ Albanian: vazo

→ Czech: váza

→ Faroese: vasi

→ Icelandic: vasi

→ Northern Kurdish: vazo

→ Latvian: vāze

→ Lithuanian: vaza

→ Plautdietsch: Wos

→ Polish: waza

→ Slovak: váza

→ Slovene: vaza

→ Uzbek: vaza

→ Yiddish: וואַזע (vaze)

Classical collateral form of pre-Classical vāsum, from Proto-Italic *wāss, cognate with Umbrian vasus (“container”), but further origin uncertain, with no known cognates outside of Italic.


sambuca

la-noun

sambūca f (genitive sambūcae); first declension

sambūca (canonical feminine)
sambūcae (genitive)
sambūca (nominative singular)
sambūcae (nominative plural)
sambūcae (genitive singular)
sambūcārum (genitive plural)
sambūcae (dative singular)
sambūcīs (dative plural)
sambūcam (accusative singular)
sambūcās (accusative plural)
sambūcā (ablative singular)
sambūcīs (ablative plural)
sambūca (singular vocative)
sambūcae (plural vocative)

From Ancient Greek σαμβύκη (sambúkē, “sambuca”), loaned from Aramaic סַבְּכָא (sabbəḵā).


hasta

la-noun

hasta f (genitive hastae); first declension

hastae (genitive)
hasta (nominative singular)
hastae (nominative plural)
hastae (genitive singular)
hastārum (genitive plural)
hastae (dative singular)
hastīs (dative plural)
hastam (accusative singular)
hastās (accusative plural)
hastā (ablative singular)
hastīs (ablative plural)
hasta (singular vocative)
hastae (plural vocative)

Catalan: ast

Corsican: asta

Friulian: aste

Galician: hasta

Italian: asta

Lombard: asta

Old French: haste

Piedmontese: asta

Portuguese: hasta, haste

Spanish: asta

Disputed. Michiel de Vaan suggests a possible Proto-Italic form Proto-Italic *hastā-. It is also conjectured to be from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰasto- or *ǵʰasdʰo- (“branch ~ spear, sharp spine”) (see below for Indo-European cognates), but the phonetics are problematic. Likely of ultimately non-Indo-European substrate origin.
Cognates include Irish gad (“withe”), Gothic 𐌲𐌰𐌶𐌳𐍃 (gazds, “spine, aculeus”) and Old Norse gaddr (“spear, goad”) (loaned into English as gad); the Celtic and Germanic forms point to a PIE pre-form *ǵʰasdʰo-. A relationship with Sanskrit हस्त (hasta, “hand”) (see hir) is unlikely. A relationship with Albanian heshtë, ushtë and shtijë (all meaning “spear”) is uncertain.
Also compared to Umbrian hostatu (acc.pl.m.), hostatir (dat.pl.m), of unknown meaning, but the root vowel /o/ does not match the Latin /a/.

Petere aliquem hastā.

Victumne putāstī / Thēsea, dīre Creōn? Adsum, nec sanguine fessum / crēde; sitit meritōs etiamnum haec hasta cruōrēs.

c. 45 CE – 96 CE, Statius, Thebaid 12.593–595

Did you think Theseus is defeated, cruel Creon? I am here, and do not believe I'm tired of blood, even my spear is still thirsty for righteous slaughter.

a spear, lance, pike, carried by soldiers and used for thrusting


phallus

phallus m (genitive phallī); second declension

phallī (genitive)
phallus (nominative singular)
phallī (nominative plural)
phallī (genitive singular)
phallōrum (genitive plural)
phallō (dative singular)
phallīs (dative plural)
phallum (accusative singular)
phallōs (accusative plural)
phallō (ablative singular)
phallīs (ablative plural)
phalle (singular vocative)
phallī (plural vocative)

Asturian: falu

Catalan: fal·lus

→ Czech: falus

→ Dutch: fallus

→ English: phallus

→ French: phallus

Galician: falo

→ German: Phallus

Italian: fallo

→ Occitan: fallus

→ Polish: fallus

→ Portuguese: falo

Romanian: falus (possibly via French)

desc

→ Russian: фа́ллус (fállus), фалл (fall)

→ Serbo-Croatian: falus, фалус

Sicilian: fallu

Spanish: falo

→ Turkish: fallus

[ˈpʰälːʲʊs̠]

From Ancient Greek φαλλός (phallós, “membrum virile, phallus, or a figure thereof”), likely ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰel- (“to blow, swell up”); compare follis (“sack”).

der

(mythology, religion) an iconic phallic figure of the male member borne in cult processions at a Dionysian orgy or festival of Bacchus as a symbol of the generative power of nature


pelvis

la-noun

pēlvis f (genitive pēlvis); third declension

pēlvis (canonical feminine)
pēlvis (genitive)
pēlvis (nominative singular)
pēlvēs (nominative plural)
pēlvis (genitive singular)
pēlvium (genitive plural)
pēlvī (dative singular)
pēlvibus (dative plural)
pēlvim (accusative singular)
pēlvem (accusative singular)
pēlvēs (accusative plural)
pēlvīs (accusative plural)
pēlvī (ablative singular)
pēlve (ablative singular)
pēlvibus (ablative plural)
pēlvis (singular vocative)
pēlvēs (plural vocative)

→ Catalan: pelvis

→ English: pelvis

→ French: pelvis

→ Galician: pelve

→ Italian: pelvi

→ Portuguese: pelve, pélvis

→ Spanish: pelvis

[ˈpeːɫ̪u̯ɪs̠]

From Old Latin pēluis (“basin”), further etymology unknown. Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *pel- (“container”). Potential cognates include Sanskrit पालवी (pālavī, “a kind of vessel”), Ancient Greek πελίκη (pelíkē, “a type of container”) Sanskrit पलव (palava, “wicker-work basket of for catching fish”), Ancient Greek πήληξ (pḗlēx, “helmet”).