Celtae

la-proper noun

Celtae m pl (genitive Celtārum); first declension

Celtārum (genitive)
Celtae (nominative plural)
Celtārum (genitive plural)
Celtīs (dative plural)
Celtās (accusative plural)
Celtīs (ablative plural)
Celtae (plural vocative)

[ˈkɛɫ̪t̪äe̯]

[ˈt͡ʃɛl̪t̪e]

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Κελτοί (Keltoí), Κέλται (Kéltai), Herodotus’ word for the Gauls, from Proto-Celtic *kel-to, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *kelh₂- (“to strike, beat”). Compare Gaulish theonym *Su-cellus (“good striker”).


Romani

la-noun

Rōmānī m pl (genitive Rōmānōrum); second declension

Rōmānī (canonical masculine plural)
Rōmānōrum (genitive)
Rōmānī (nominative plural)
Rōmānōrum (genitive plural)
Rōmānīs (dative plural)
Rōmānōs (accusative plural)
Rōmānīs (ablative plural)
Rōmānī (plural vocative)


aborigines

aborīginēs m pl (genitive aborīginum); third declension

aborīginēs (canonical masculine plural)
aborīginum (genitive)
aborīginēs (nominative plural)
aborīginum (genitive plural)
aborīginibus (dative plural)
aborīginēs (accusative plural)
aborīginibus (ablative plural)
aborīginēs (plural vocative)

English: → aborigines, ⇒ aborigine

desctree

→ Old Galician-Portuguese: aborigenes
Galician: aborixe
Portuguese: aborígene

→ Old Spanish: aborigines

Spanish: aborigen

[äbɔˈriːɡɪneːs̠]

Unclear. The term is often suggested to derive from ab orīgine (“from the beginning”). However, early Latin sources seem to treat it as the name of a specific people rather than a general term for original inhabitants of anywhere, so it may be the pre-Roman substrate name of a specific tribe which was altered to resemble ab orīgine due to folk etymology. (Roman authors also suggested several other possible origins, like aberrō or ab + Ancient Greek ὄρος (óros, “mountain”), none of which is considered probable.)


Quirites

la-proper noun

Quirītēs m pl (genitive Quirītium or Quirītum); third declension

Quirītēs (canonical masculine plural)
Quirītium (genitive)
Quirītum (genitive)
Quirītēs (nominative plural)
Quirītium (genitive plural)
Quirītum (genitive plural)
Quirītibus (dative plural)
Quirītēs (accusative plural)
Quirītīs (accusative plural)
Quirītibus (ablative plural)
Quirītēs (plural vocative)

Uncertain. A common proposal is Proto-Italic *kom + *wiros (“fellow man”), which De Vaan (2008) rejects by contrasting the phonetic evolution in cūria, yet doesn't settle on an etymon. Against this, Vine (2016) suggests that the two words could simply stem from periods of different stress, so that different syllables underwent vowel reduction: /kowiˈriː-/ > /kʷiˈriː-/ like Late Latin quāgulum from coāgulum.
According to a Roman legend, from the Sabine town, Curēs, which would make it a Sabine loanword. In Ancient Greek the inhabitants of Cures where named Κυρῖται (Kurîtai).
Compare Ancient Greek Κούρητες (Koúrētes).

(very rare, poetic) the inhabitants of the Sabine town, Cures


Remi

Rēmī m pl (genitive Rēmōrum); second declension

Rēmī (canonical masculine plural)
Rēmōrum (genitive)
Rēmī (nominative plural)
Rēmōrum (genitive plural)
Rēmīs (dative plural)
Rēmōs (accusative plural)
Rēmīs (ablative plural)
Rēmī (plural vocative)

French: Reims

A Gaulish name meaning "chieftains, first ones", from Proto-Celtic *ɸreimos.

(ancient history) A tribe of Gallia Belgica whose chief town was Durocortorum


hebraeus

la-adj

hebraeus (feminine hebraea, neuter hebraeum); first/second-declension adjective

hebraea (feminine)
hebraeum (neuter)
hebraeus (masculine nominative singular)
hebraea (feminine nominative singular)
hebraeum (neuter nominative singular)
hebraeī (masculine nominative singular)
hebraeae (feminine nominative plural)
hebraea (neuter nominative plural)
hebraeī (genitive masculine singular)
hebraeae (feminine genitive singular)
hebraeī (genitive neuter singular)
hebraeōrum (genitive masculine singular)
hebraeārum (feminine genitive plural)
hebraeōrum (genitive neuter plural)
hebraeō (dative masculine singular)
hebraeae (dative feminine singular)
hebraeō (dative neuter singular)
hebraeīs (dative feminine masculine neuter)
hebraeum (accusative masculine singular)
hebraeam (accusative feminine singular)
hebraeum (accusative neuter singular)
hebraeōs (accusative masculine singular)
hebraeās (accusative feminine plural)
hebraea (accusative neuter plural)
hebraeō (ablative masculine singular)
hebraeā (ablative feminine singular)
hebraeō (ablative neuter singular)
hebraeīs (ablative feminine masculine neuter)
hebraee (masculine singular vocative)
hebraea (feminine singular vocative)
hebraeum (neuter singular vocative)
hebraeī (masculine singular vocative)
hebraeae (feminine plural vocative)
hebraea (neuter plural vocative)

Asturian: hebréu

Istriot: abrieo

Italian: ebreo

Ladino: Ebreo

Sicilian: ivreu, ebbreu

Venetan: abreo

→ Catalan: hebreu

→ Finnish: heprea

→ Hungarian: héber

→ Old French: Ebreu

French: Hébreu, hébreu

→ Middle English: Ebreu

English: Hebrew

→ Old Galician-Portuguese: ebreo, ebreu

Galician: hebreo

Portuguese: hebreu, Hebreu

→ Spanish: hebreo

From Ancient Greek Ἑβραῖος (Hebraîos), from Hebrew עִבְרִי (ʿiḇrī, “Hebrew”) probably via Aramaic עִבְרַי (ʿiḇray, “Hebrew”).

Hebrew, of or related to the Hebrew language


Scotus

la-noun

Scōtus m (genitive Scōtī); second declension

Scōtus (canonical masculine)
Scōtī (genitive)
Scōtus (nominative singular)
Scōtī (nominative plural)
Scōtī (genitive singular)
Scōtōrum (genitive plural)
Scōtō (dative singular)
Scōtīs (dative plural)
Scōtum (accusative singular)
Scōtōs (accusative plural)
Scōtō (ablative singular)
Scōtīs (ablative plural)
Scōte (singular vocative)
Scōtī (plural vocative)

Possibly from Celtic, but not matching any known ethnonyms. See Scoti.


Suebi

la-proper noun

Suēbī m pl (genitive Suēbōrum); second declension

Suēbī (canonical masculine plural)
Suēbōrum (genitive)
Suēbī (nominative plural)
Suēbōrum (genitive plural)
Suēbīs (dative plural)
Suēbōs (accusative plural)
Suēbīs (ablative plural)
Suēbī (plural vocative)

From Suēbus, Suēvus, from Proto-Germanic *swēbaz.

a Germanic tribe in southwestern Germany, corresponding roughly to modern Swabia


Venetiae

Venetiae m pl (genitive Venetiārum); first declension

Venetiārum (genitive)
Venetiae (nominative plural)
Venetiārum (genitive plural)
Venetiīs (dative plural)
Venetiās (accusative plural)
Venetiīs (ablative plural)
Venetiae (plural vocative)

[u̯ɛˈnɛt̪iäe̯]

From Venetī + -ia (suffix forming place names).


Belgae

la-proper noun

Belgae m pl (genitive Belgārum); first declension

Belgārum (genitive)
Belga (nominative singular)
Belgae (nominative plural)
Belgae (genitive singular)
Belgārum (genitive plural)
Belgae (dative singular)
Belgīs (dative plural)
Belgam (accusative singular)
Belgās (accusative plural)
Belgā (ablative singular)
Belgīs (ablative plural)
Belga (singular vocative)
Belgae (plural vocative)

la-ndecl

Usually plural, but the singular "Belga" is found in Lucan's Bellum Civile (1.426).

[ˈbɛl̠ʲd͡ʒe]

From Proto-Celtic *belgos (“swollen (with anger)”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰelǵʰ- (“to bulge, swell”), thus meaning "People who swell (with fury/anger)." Also see Old English belgan and Dutch gebelgd.

der

Gallia est omnis dīvīsa in partēs trēs, quārum ūnam incolunt Belgae, aliam Aquītānī, tertiam quī ipsōrum linguā Celtae, nostrā Gallī appellantur.

c. 52 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de Bello Gallico 1.1

Gaul, taken as a whole, is divided into three parts, one of which the Belgae inhabit, the Aquitani another, those who in their own language are called Celts, in our language the Gauls, the third.

Belgae; a group of tribes of northern Gaul


Helvetius

la-noun

Helvētius m sg (genitive Helvētiī or Helvētī, feminine Helvētia); second declension

Helvētius (canonical masculine singular)
Helvētiī (genitive)
Helvētī (genitive)
Helvētia (feminine)
Helvētius (masculine nominative singular)
Helvētia (feminine nominative singular)
Helvētiī (masculine nominative singular)
Helvētiae (feminine nominative plural)
Helvētiī (genitive masculine singular)
Helvētiae (feminine genitive singular)
Helvētiōrum (genitive masculine singular)
Helvētiārum (feminine genitive plural)
Helvētiō (dative masculine singular)
Helvētiae (dative feminine singular)
Helvētiīs (dative masculine singular)
Helvētiīs (dative feminine plural)
Helvētium (accusative masculine singular)
Helvētiam (accusative feminine singular)
Helvētiōs (accusative masculine singular)
Helvētiās (accusative feminine plural)
Helvētiō (ablative masculine singular)
Helvētiā (ablative feminine singular)
Helvētiīs (ablative masculine singular)
Helvētiīs (ablative feminine plural)
Helvētie (masculine singular vocative)
Helvētia (feminine singular vocative)
Helvētiī (masculine singular vocative)
Helvētiae (feminine plural vocative)

[hɛɫ̪ˈu̯eːt̪iʊs̠]

A Celtic name, from Gaulish elu (“gain, prosperity”), from Proto-Celtic *ɸelus, from Proto-Indo-European *pelh₁u- (“many”); and etu- (“terrain, grassland”), which is cognate with Old Irish íath (“grassland, territory”).


Cosacus

Cosacus m (genitive Cosacī, feminine Cosaca); second declension

Cosacī (genitive)
Cosaca (feminine)
Cosacus (masculine nominative singular)
Cosaca (feminine nominative singular)
Cosacī (masculine nominative singular)
Cosacae (feminine nominative plural)
Cosacī (genitive masculine singular)
Cosacae (feminine genitive singular)
Cosacōrum (genitive masculine singular)
Cosacārum (feminine genitive plural)
Cosacō (dative masculine singular)
Cosacae (dative feminine singular)
Cosacīs (dative masculine singular)
Cosacīs (dative feminine plural)
Cosacum (accusative masculine singular)
Cosacam (accusative feminine singular)
Cosacōs (accusative masculine singular)
Cosacās (accusative feminine plural)
Cosacō (ablative masculine singular)
Cosacā (ablative feminine singular)
Cosacīs (ablative masculine singular)
Cosacīs (ablative feminine plural)
Cosace (masculine singular vocative)
Cosaca (feminine singular vocative)
Cosacī (masculine singular vocative)
Cosacae (feminine plural vocative)

Through Polish, Serbo-Croatian or Hungarian according to the author, all three coming through Ukrainian from Old East Slavic козакъ (kozakŭ), itself from Old Turkic 𐰴𐰔𐰍𐰸 (qazǧag, “profiteer”).

Viduae Cosacorum uxores orbataque illorum proles, domus Cosaticae et uxores, eorum absentibus maritis, cum operi belli vel quibuscunque servitiis militaribus accincti fuerint, ne ad ulla ferenda plebi debita ac communia onera adigantur, extorsionibus tributariis aggraventur pactum sancitumque est.

1710 April 5, Philippus Orlik, chapter XI, in Pacta et Constitutiones legum libertatumque Exercitus Zaporoviensis, Bender:

7125–1617. finito, et 7126–1618 veniente, exit Skender pasca contra Cosacos in terram Lehicham, minorem Russiam, et tunc advenit Bethlen Gabro et Radul Bogdaniae et Alexander Valachiae, verum non multi ceciderunt, et nonnullae palancae duntaxat incensae sunt. Postremo venit etiam perfidus Tatarus Cantamir, et populatus est minorem Russiam et 53 millia hominum praeter peccora abduxit.

1797, Franjo Ksaver Pejačević, “Chronica Serbica Despotae Georgii Branković”, in Arkiv za povjestnicu jugoslavensku, volume III, Zagreb, published 1854, page 30:

In the ending year 7125–1617 and beginning 7126–1618 Skender leaves the meadows against the Cossacks into Lechic earth, Little Russia, and then comes Bethlen Gabro and Radul of Bogdania and Alexander of Wallachia, but some fell, and some palankas at least have been set on fire. Later comes also the perfidious Tatar Cantamir, and populates Little Russia and abducts 53 thousand humans apart from livestock.

Hungarian Polish Serbo-Croatian Ukrainian


Tatarus

Tatarus m (genitive Tatarī, feminine Tatara); second declension

Tatarī (genitive)
Tatara (feminine)
Tatarus (masculine nominative singular)
Tatara (feminine nominative singular)
Tatarī (masculine nominative singular)
Tatarae (feminine nominative plural)
Tatarī (genitive masculine singular)
Tatarae (feminine genitive singular)
Tatarōrum (genitive masculine singular)
Tatarārum (feminine genitive plural)
Tatarō (dative masculine singular)
Tatarae (dative feminine singular)
Tatarīs (dative masculine singular)
Tatarīs (dative feminine plural)
Tatarum (accusative masculine singular)
Tataram (accusative feminine singular)
Tatarōs (accusative masculine singular)
Tatarās (accusative feminine plural)
Tatarō (ablative masculine singular)
Tatarā (ablative feminine singular)
Tatarīs (ablative masculine singular)
Tatarīs (ablative feminine plural)
Tatare (masculine singular vocative)
Tatara (feminine singular vocative)
Tatarī (masculine singular vocative)
Tatarae (feminine plural vocative)

From the Turkic name of a Tatar tribe. More at Tatars.


Veneti

la-proper noun

Venetī m pl (genitive Venetōrum); second declension

Venetī (canonical masculine plural)
Venetōrum (genitive)
Venetī (nominative plural)
Venetōrum (genitive plural)
Venetīs (dative plural)
Venetōs (accusative plural)
Venetīs (ablative plural)
Venetī (plural vocative)

English: Veneti

Of Celtic origin, from Gaulish Uenetoi (“the friendly ones, the kinsmen”), from Proto-Celtic *wenetos, a derivation from *wenyā (“kindred”).

der

Veneti (a Celtic tribe of Armorica in antiquity)


Varingus

la-proper noun

Varingus m (genitive Varingī); second declension

Varingī (genitive)
Varingus (nominative singular)
Varingī (nominative plural)
Varingī (genitive singular)
Varingōrum (genitive plural)
Varingō (dative singular)
Varingīs (dative plural)
Varingum (accusative singular)
Varingōs (accusative plural)
Varingō (ablative singular)
Varingīs (ablative plural)
Varinge (singular vocative)
Varingī (plural vocative)

desctree

→ Byzantine Greek: Βάραγγος (Bárangos), Φάργανος (Phárganos)
Greek: Βάραγγος (Várangos)
→ Old Church Slavonic: варѧгъ (varęgŭ)
→ Old East Slavic: варѧгъ (varęgŭ) (learned)
Old Ruthenian: варѧ́гъ (varjáh), вара́гъ (varáh)
Belarusian: вара́г (varáh)
Carpathian Rusyn: Варя́г (Varjáh)
Ukrainian: варя́г (varjáh)
Russian: варя́г (varjág) (see there for further descendants)
→ English: Varangian (learned)

[u̯äˈrɪŋɡʊs̠]

From a Germanic origin, likely via Old Norse væringi (literally “sworn companion”), from vár (“pledge, oath”) + gengi (“companion”).

af

(historical) Varangian; an ethnic Norseman with ancestral roots in medieval Scandinavia and other areas of Norse settlement during the Viking Age


Varingi

la-proper noun

Varingī m pl (genitive Varingōrum); second declension

Varingī (canonical masculine plural)
Varingōrum (genitive)
Varingī (nominative plural)
Varingōrum (genitive plural)
Varingīs (dative plural)
Varingōs (accusative plural)
Varingīs (ablative plural)
Varingī (plural vocative)

[u̯äˈrɪŋɡiː]

(historical, collective) the Varangians (a medieval tribe or ethnic grouping of Norse origin)


Tyrrhenus

la-adj

Tyrrhēnus (feminine Tyrrhēna, neuter Tyrrhēnum); first/second-declension adjective

Tyrrhēnus (canonical)
Tyrrhēna (feminine)
Tyrrhēnum (neuter)
Tyrrhēnus (masculine nominative singular)
Tyrrhēna (feminine nominative singular)
Tyrrhēnum (neuter nominative singular)
Tyrrhēnī (masculine nominative singular)
Tyrrhēnae (feminine nominative plural)
Tyrrhēna (neuter nominative plural)
Tyrrhēnī (genitive masculine singular)
Tyrrhēnae (feminine genitive singular)
Tyrrhēnī (genitive neuter singular)
Tyrrhēnōrum (genitive masculine singular)
Tyrrhēnārum (feminine genitive plural)
Tyrrhēnōrum (genitive neuter plural)
Tyrrhēnō (dative masculine singular)
Tyrrhēnae (dative feminine singular)
Tyrrhēnō (dative neuter singular)
Tyrrhēnīs (dative feminine masculine neuter)
Tyrrhēnum (accusative masculine singular)
Tyrrhēnam (accusative feminine singular)
Tyrrhēnum (accusative neuter singular)
Tyrrhēnōs (accusative masculine singular)
Tyrrhēnās (accusative feminine plural)
Tyrrhēna (accusative neuter plural)
Tyrrhēnō (ablative masculine singular)
Tyrrhēnā (ablative feminine singular)
Tyrrhēnō (ablative neuter singular)
Tyrrhēnīs (ablative feminine masculine neuter)
Tyrrhēne (masculine singular vocative)
Tyrrhēna (feminine singular vocative)
Tyrrhēnum (neuter singular vocative)
Tyrrhēnī (masculine singular vocative)
Tyrrhēnae (feminine plural vocative)
Tyrrhēna (neuter plural vocative)

English: Tyrrhene

French: tyrrhène

German: tyrrhenisch

Italian: tirreno

Sicilian: tirrinu

Spanish: tirreno

From Ancient Greek Τυρρηνός (Turrhēnós).


ebraeus

ebraeus (feminine ebraea, neuter ebraeum); first/second-declension adjective

ebraea (feminine)
ebraeum (neuter)
ebraeus (masculine nominative singular)
ebraea (feminine nominative singular)
ebraeum (neuter nominative singular)
ebraeī (masculine nominative singular)
ebraeae (feminine nominative plural)
ebraea (neuter nominative plural)
ebraeī (genitive masculine singular)
ebraeae (feminine genitive singular)
ebraeī (genitive neuter singular)
ebraeōrum (genitive masculine singular)
ebraeārum (feminine genitive plural)
ebraeōrum (genitive neuter plural)
ebraeō (dative masculine singular)
ebraeae (dative feminine singular)
ebraeō (dative neuter singular)
ebraeīs (dative feminine masculine neuter)
ebraeum (accusative masculine singular)
ebraeam (accusative feminine singular)
ebraeum (accusative neuter singular)
ebraeōs (accusative masculine singular)
ebraeās (accusative feminine plural)
ebraea (accusative neuter plural)
ebraeō (ablative masculine singular)
ebraeā (ablative feminine singular)
ebraeō (ablative neuter singular)
ebraeīs (ablative feminine masculine neuter)
ebraee (masculine singular vocative)
ebraea (feminine singular vocative)
ebraeum (neuter singular vocative)
ebraeī (masculine singular vocative)
ebraeae (feminine plural vocative)
ebraea (neuter plural vocative)

[ɛˈbräe̯ʊs̠]

(nonstandard) Alternative form of hebraeus, Hebrew


Cornovii

la-proper noun

Cornovīī m pl (genitive Cornovīōrum); second declension

Cornovīī (canonical masculine plural)
Cornovīōrum (genitive)
Cornovīī (nominative plural)
Cornovīōrum (genitive plural)
Cornovīīs (dative plural)
Cornovīōs (accusative plural)
Cornovīīs (ablative plural)
Cornovīī (plural vocative)

Generally agreed to be of Brythonic/Celtic origin; see Proto-Brythonic *Körnɨw (“Cornwall”), whose name could mean something like "people of the horn." More at Cornovii.

A gēns of Celtae in the far north of Calēdonia in what is now Caithness, bordered to the west by the Caereni, to the southwest by the Smertae, and to the south by the Lugi.


Gothi

Gothī m pl (genitive Gothōrum); second declension

Gothī (canonical masculine plural)
Gothōrum (genitive)
Gothī (nominative plural)
Gothōrum (genitive plural)
Gothīs (dative plural)
Gothōs (accusative plural)
Gothīs (ablative plural)
Gothī (plural vocative)


Ostrogothus

Ostrogothus m (genitive Ostrogothī); second declension

Ostrogothī (genitive)
Ostrogothus (nominative singular)
Ostrogothī (nominative plural)
Ostrogothī (genitive singular)
Ostrogothōrum (genitive plural)
Ostrogothō (dative singular)
Ostrogothīs (dative plural)
Ostrogothum (accusative singular)
Ostrogothōs (accusative plural)
Ostrogothō (ablative singular)
Ostrogothīs (ablative plural)
Ostrogothe (singular vocative)
Ostrogothī (plural vocative)


Vandalus

Vandalus m (genitive Vandalī); second declension

Vandalī (genitive)
Vandalus (nominative singular)
Vandalī (nominative plural)
Vandalī (genitive singular)
Vandalōrum (genitive plural)
Vandalō (dative singular)
Vandalīs (dative plural)
Vandalum (accusative singular)
Vandalōs (accusative plural)
Vandalō (ablative singular)
Vandalīs (ablative plural)
Vandale (singular vocative)
Vandalī (plural vocative)

French: vandale

Italian: vandalo

Galician: vándalo

Portuguese: vândalo

Spanish: vándalo

From Proto-Germanic *wandilaz, from Proto-Indo-European *wendʰ-eh₂-, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *wendʰ- (“to turn, wind, braid”).


Gothus

la-proper noun

Gothus m (genitive Gothī); second declension

Gothī (genitive)
Gothus (nominative singular)
Gothī (nominative plural)
Gothī (genitive singular)
Gothōrum (genitive plural)
Gothō (dative singular)
Gothīs (dative plural)
Gothum (accusative singular)
Gothōs (accusative plural)
Gothō (ablative singular)
Gothīs (ablative plural)
Gothe (singular vocative)
Gothī (plural vocative)

Ultimately from Proto-Germanic *gutô, perhaps from *geutaną (“to pour”).