destino

la-verb

dēstinō (present infinitive dēstināre, perfect active dēstināvī, supine dēstinātum); first conjugation

dēstinō (canonical)
dēstināre (infinitive present)
dēstināvī (active perfect)
dēstinātum (supine)
dēstinō (active first-person indicative present singular)
dēstinās (active indicative present second-person singular)
dēstinat (active indicative present singular third-person)
dēstināmus (active first-person indicative plural present)
dēstinātis (active indicative plural present second-person)
dēstinant (active indicative plural present third-person)
dēstinābam (active first-person imperfect indicative singular)
dēstinābās (active imperfect indicative second-person singular)
dēstinābat (active imperfect indicative singular third-person)
dēstinābāmus (active first-person imperfect indicative plural)
dēstinābātis (active imperfect indicative plural second-person)
dēstinābant (active imperfect indicative plural third-person)
dēstinābō (active first-person future indicative singular)
dēstinābis (active future indicative second-person singular)
dēstinābit (active future indicative singular third-person)
dēstinābimus (active first-person future indicative plural)
dēstinābitis (active future indicative plural second-person)
dēstinābunt (active future indicative plural third-person)
dēstināvī (active first-person indicative perfect singular)
dēstināvistī (active indicative perfect second-person singular)
dēstināstī (active indicative perfect second-person singular)
dēstināvit (active indicative perfect singular third-person)
dēstināt (active indicative perfect singular third-person)
dēstināvimus (active first-person indicative perfect plural)
dēstināmus (active first-person indicative perfect plural)
dēstināvistis (active indicative perfect plural second-person)
dēstināstis (active indicative perfect plural second-person)
dēstināvērunt (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
dēstināvēre (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
dēstinārunt (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
dēstināveram (active first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
dēstināram (active first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
dēstināverās (active indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
dēstinārās (active indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
dēstināverat (active indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
dēstinārat (active indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
dēstināverāmus (active first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
dēstinārāmus (active first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
dēstināverātis (active indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
dēstinārātis (active indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
dēstināverant (active indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
dēstinārant (active indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
dēstināverō (active first-person future indicative perfect singular)
dēstinārō (active first-person future indicative perfect singular)
dēstināveris (active future indicative perfect second-person singular)
dēstināris (active future indicative perfect second-person singular)
dēstināverit (active future indicative perfect singular third-person)
dēstinārit (active future indicative perfect singular third-person)
dēstināverimus (active first-person future indicative perfect plural)
dēstinārimus (active first-person future indicative perfect plural)
dēstināveritis (active future indicative perfect plural second-person)
dēstināritis (active future indicative perfect plural second-person)
dēstināverint (active future indicative perfect plural third-person)
dēstinārint (active future indicative perfect plural third-person)
dēstinor (first-person indicative passive present singular)
dēstināris (indicative passive present second-person singular)
dēstināre (indicative passive present second-person singular)
dēstinātur (indicative passive present singular third-person)
dēstināmur (first-person indicative passive plural present)
dēstināminī (indicative passive plural present second-person)
dēstinantur (indicative passive plural present third-person)
dēstinābar (first-person imperfect indicative passive singular)
dēstinābāris (imperfect indicative passive second-person singular)
dēstinābāre (imperfect indicative passive second-person singular)
dēstinābātur (imperfect indicative passive singular third-person)
dēstinābāmur (first-person imperfect indicative passive plural)
dēstinābāminī (imperfect indicative passive plural second-person)
dēstinābantur (imperfect indicative passive plural third-person)
dēstinābor (first-person future indicative passive singular)
dēstināberis (future indicative passive second-person singular)
dēstinābere (future indicative passive second-person singular)
dēstinābitur (future indicative passive singular third-person)
dēstinābimur (first-person future indicative passive plural)
dēstinābiminī (future indicative passive plural second-person)
dēstinābuntur (future indicative passive plural third-person)
dēstinem (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
dēstinēs (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
dēstinet (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
dēstinēmus (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
dēstinētis (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
dēstinent (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
dēstinārem (active first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
dēstinārēs (active imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
dēstināret (active imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
dēstinārēmus (active first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
dēstinārētis (active imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
dēstinārent (active imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
dēstināverim (active first-person perfect singular subjunctive)
dēstinārim (active first-person perfect singular subjunctive)
dēstināverīs (active perfect second-person singular subjunctive)
dēstinārīs (active perfect second-person singular subjunctive)
dēstināverit (active perfect singular subjunctive third-person)
dēstinārit (active perfect singular subjunctive third-person)
dēstināverīmus (active first-person perfect plural subjunctive)
dēstinārīmus (active first-person perfect plural subjunctive)
dēstināverītis (active perfect plural second-person subjunctive)
dēstinārītis (active perfect plural second-person subjunctive)
dēstināverint (active perfect plural subjunctive third-person)
dēstinārint (active perfect plural subjunctive third-person)
dēstināvissem (active first-person pluperfect singular subjunctive)
dēstināssem (active first-person pluperfect singular subjunctive)
dēstināvissēs (active pluperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
dēstināssēs (active pluperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
dēstināvisset (active pluperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
dēstināsset (active pluperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
dēstināvissēmus (active first-person pluperfect plural subjunctive)
dēstināssēmus (active first-person pluperfect plural subjunctive)
dēstināvissētis (active pluperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
dēstināssētis (active pluperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
dēstināvissent (active pluperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
dēstināssent (active pluperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
dēstiner (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
dēstinēris (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
dēstinēre (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
dēstinētur (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
dēstinēmur (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
dēstinēminī (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
dēstinentur (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
dēstinārer (first-person imperfect passive singular subjunctive)
dēstinārēris (imperfect passive second-person singular subjunctive)
dēstinārēre (imperfect passive second-person singular subjunctive)
dēstinārētur (imperfect passive singular subjunctive third-person)
dēstinārēmur (first-person imperfect passive plural subjunctive)
dēstinārēminī (imperfect passive plural second-person subjunctive)
dēstinārentur (imperfect passive plural subjunctive third-person)
dēstinā (active imperative present second-person singular)
dēstināte (active imperative plural present second-person)
dēstinātō (active future imperative second-person singular)
dēstinātō (active future imperative singular third-person)
dēstinātōte (active future imperative plural second-person)
dēstinantō (active future imperative plural third-person)
dēstināre (imperative passive present second-person singular)
dēstināminī (imperative passive plural present second-person)
dēstinātor (future imperative passive second-person singular)
dēstinātor (future imperative passive singular third-person)
dēstinantor (future imperative passive plural third-person)
dēstināre (active infinitive present)
dēstināvisse (active infinitive perfect)
dēstināsse (active infinitive perfect)
dēstinātūrum esse (active future infinitive)
dēstinārī (infinitive passive present)
dēstinātum esse (infinitive passive perfect)
dēstinātum īrī (future infinitive passive)
dēstināns (active participle present)
dēstinātūrus (active future participle)
dēstinātus (participle passive perfect)
dēstinandus (future participle passive)
dēstinandī (genitive gerund noun-from-verb)
dēstinandō (dative gerund noun-from-verb)
dēstinandum (accusative gerund noun-from-verb)
dēstinandō (ablative gerund noun-from-verb)
dēstinātum (accusative noun-from-verb supine)
dēstinātū (ablative noun-from-verb supine)

Catalan: destinar

Dalmatian: destinur

English: destine

French: destiner

Galician: destinar

Italian: destinare

Occitan: destinar

Portuguese: destinar

Romanian: destina

Sicilian: distinari

Spanish: destinar

From de- + *stanō, the latter an unattested verb from Proto-Italic *stanō, from Proto-Indo-European *stnéh₂ti ~ stn̥h₂énti. Related to stō. Compare obstinō and praestinō from the same stem.


sagitta

la-noun

sagitta f (genitive sagittae); first declension

sagittae (genitive)
sagitta (nominative singular)
sagittae (nominative plural)
sagittae (genitive singular)
sagittārum (genitive plural)
sagittae (dative singular)
sagittīs (dative plural)
sagittam (accusative singular)
sagittās (accusative plural)
sagittā (ablative singular)
sagittīs (ablative plural)
sagitta (singular vocative)
sagittae (plural vocative)

Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: sãdzeatã

Romanian: săgeată

Italo-Romance:

Italian: saetta

→ Maltese: sajjetta

Sicilian: sajitta

North Italian:

Friulian: saete

Istriot: sàita

Ladin: saëta, sita

Piedmontese: sajëta

Romansch: sajetta

Venetian: sita, saéta

Gallo-Romance:

Old French: saete, saiete; sajette (latinized)

French: sagette

Occitano-Romance:

Catalan: sageta

Occitan: sageta

Ibero-Romance:

Asturian: saeta

Old Galician-Portuguese: saeta

Galician: seta

Portuguese: seta

Spanish: saeta

Insular Romance:

Sardinian: saitta

Ancient borrowings:

→ Albanian: shigjetë

→ Tsakonian: σογίτθα (sogíttha)

→ Greek: σαΐτα (saḯta)

→ Old Irish: saiget (see there for further descendants)

→ Proto-Brythonic: *saɣeθ (see there for further descendants)

Later borrowings:

→ Catalan: sagita

→ English: sagitta

→ Esperanto: sago

→ Italian: sagitta

→ Translingual: Sagitta

→ Spanish: sagita

→ Volapük: sagit

[s̠äˈɡɪt̪ːä]

[säˈd͡ʒit̪ːä]

Unknown etymology. Probably from a pre-Latin Mediterranean language.
A minority view connects it to sāgiō (“to perceive quickly or keenly”).

the arrowhead (plant of the genus Sagittaria)


sagittarius

sagittārius m (genitive sagittāriī or sagittārī); second declension

sagittārius (canonical masculine)
sagittāriī (genitive)
sagittārī (genitive)
sagittārius (nominative singular)
sagittāriī (nominative plural)
sagittāriī (genitive singular)
sagittārī (genitive singular)
sagittāriōrum (genitive plural)
sagittāriō (dative singular)
sagittāriīs (dative plural)
sagittārium (accusative singular)
sagittāriōs (accusative plural)
sagittāriō (ablative singular)
sagittāriīs (ablative plural)
sagittārie (singular vocative)
sagittāriī (plural vocative)

Balkan Romance:

Romanian: săgetar

→ Albanian: shigjetar

Italo-Romance:

Old Italian: saettaio

Ibero-Romance:

Portuguese: seteiro

Spanish: saetero

Borrowings:

→ English: Sagittarius, sagittary

→ French: sagittaire, Sagittaire

→ Italian: sagittario, Sagittario

→ Portuguese: Sagitário

→ Romanian: sagitar

→ Spanish: Sagitario

[s̠äɡɪt̪ˈt̪äːriʊs̠]

From sagitta (“arrow”) + -ārius (suffix forming relational adjectives and agent nouns).


fenestra

la-noun

fenestra f (genitive fenestrae); first declension

fenestrae (genitive)
fenestra (nominative singular)
fenestrae (nominative plural)
fenestrae (genitive singular)
fenestrārum (genitive plural)
fenestrae (dative singular)
fenestrīs (dative plural)
fenestram (accusative singular)
fenestrās (accusative plural)
fenestrā (ablative singular)
fenestrīs (ablative plural)
fenestra (singular vocative)
fenestrae (plural vocative)

Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: fireastrã

Romanian: fereastră
→ Romani: felyastra

Dalmatian:

finiastra

Italo-Romance:

Corsican: finestra

Italian: finestra

Neapolitan: fenesta

Sicilian: finestra, finesra

Padanian:

Gallo-Italic:

Emilian: fnèstra

Lombard: fenestra, finestra, fnestra

Piedmontese: fnestra, fnesta

desc

Romansch: fanestra, finiastra, fnestra, faneastra

Venetian: finestra, fenestra

Gallo-Romance:

Catalan: finestra

Franco-Provençal: fenétra

Old French: fenestre (see there for further descendants)

Gascon: hrièsta, herièsta, hièstra, hiestra

Occitan: fenèstra

Ibero-Romance:

Aragonese: finestra

desctree

Old Galician-Portuguese: fẽestra
Galician: fiestra
Portuguese: fresta

Old Spanish: finiestra

Early Modern Spanish: hiniestra

Borrowings:

→ Albanian: fënjeshtër

→ Breton: prenestr, fenestr (or via French)

→ Cornish: fenester

→ English: fenestra (learned)

→ Old Irish: seinistir

→ Portuguese: fenestra (learned)

→ Proto-West Germanic: *fenestr (see there for further descendants)

→ Spanish: fenestra (learned)

→ Welsh: ffenestr, ffenest

Apparently from Etruscan *fnestra (and fēstra from Etruscan *fenstra), compare the personal name Etruscan [script needed] (fnes-ci) and the placename Latin Fensernia, but nothing is known about the meaning of the Etruscan base.

window of opportunity
window of opportunity

an opportunity, opening, occasion, window of opportunity


arcus

la-noun

arcus m (genitive arcūs); fourth declension

arcūs (genitive)
arcus (nominative singular)
arcūs (nominative plural)
arcūs (genitive singular)
arcuum (genitive plural)
arcuī (dative singular)
arcubus (dative plural)
arcum (accusative singular)
arcūs (accusative plural)
arcū (ablative singular)
arcubus (ablative plural)
arcus (singular vocative)
arcūs (plural vocative)

Aromanian: arcu

English: arch

Esperanto: arko

desctree

Old French: arc
→ Middle English: ark, arke
English: arc
French: arc

Padanian:

Friulian: arc

Ligurian: erco

Piedmontese: erch, erche

Romansch: artg, arch

Middle Low German: ark

Low German: ark

Norwegian Bokmål: ark

Occitano-Romance:

Occitan: arc

Catalan: arc

Romanian: arc

Russian: а́рка f (árka)

Sardinian: alcu, arcu

Italo-Dalmatian:

Italian: arco

Sicilian: arcu

Ibero-Romance:

Asturian: arcu

Spanish: arco

Portuguese: arco

From Proto-Italic *arkuos (“bow”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂erkʷos (“bow, arrow”). Cognate to Old English earh, whence English arrow, as well as Proto-Slavic *orkyta (“willow”) and Ancient Greek ἄρκευθος (árkeuthos, “juniper”), owing to juniper and willow twigs being used to make bows due to their flexibility.

cog

bow (arc-shaped weapon used for archery)


pharetra

la-noun

pharetra f (genitive pharetrae); first declension

pharetrae (genitive)
pharetra (nominative singular)
pharetrae (nominative plural)
pharetrae (genitive singular)
pharetrārum (genitive plural)
pharetrae (dative singular)
pharetrīs (dative plural)
pharetram (accusative singular)
pharetrās (accusative plural)
pharetrā (ablative singular)
pharetrīs (ablative plural)
pharetra (singular vocative)
pharetrae (plural vocative)

→ Italian: faretra

→ Portuguese: fáretra

→ Romanian: faretră

[ˈpʰärɛt̪rä]

[pʰäˈrɛt̪rä]

From Ancient Greek φαρέτρα (pharétra, “quiver”) possibly from φέρω (phérō). Compare with φέρετρον (phéretron).

bor

Sume fidem et pharetram fies manifestus Apollo

c. 25 BCE, Ovid, Heroides, Letter 15: "Sappho Phaoni"

Take up string and quiver and you are Apollo manifest


gorytos

la-noun

gōrȳtos m (genitive gōrȳtī); second declension

gōrȳtos (canonical masculine)
gōrȳtī (genitive)
gōrȳtos (nominative singular)
gōrȳtī (nominative plural)
gōrȳtī (genitive singular)
gōrȳtōrum (genitive plural)
gōrȳtō (dative singular)
gōrȳtīs (dative plural)
gōrȳton (accusative singular)
gōrȳtōs (accusative plural)
gōrȳtō (ablative singular)
gōrȳtīs (ablative plural)
gōrȳte (singular vocative)
gōrȳtī (plural vocative)

Spanish: goldre

[ɡoːˈryːt̪ɔs̠]

Borrowed from Ancient Greek γωρῡτός (gōrūtós, “quiver”), possibly from Scythian.


destinandus

la-part

dēstinandus (feminine dēstinanda, neuter dēstinandum); first/second-declension participle

dēstinandus (canonical)
dēstinanda (feminine)
dēstinandum (neuter)
dēstinandus (masculine nominative singular)
dēstinanda (feminine nominative singular)
dēstinandum (neuter nominative singular)
dēstinandī (masculine nominative plural)
dēstinandae (feminine nominative plural)
dēstinanda (neuter nominative plural)
dēstinandī (genitive masculine singular)
dēstinandae (feminine genitive singular)
dēstinandī (genitive neuter singular)
dēstinandōrum (genitive masculine plural)
dēstinandārum (feminine genitive plural)
dēstinandōrum (genitive neuter plural)
dēstinandō (dative masculine singular)
dēstinandae (dative feminine singular)
dēstinandō (dative neuter singular)
dēstinandīs (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
dēstinandum (accusative masculine singular)
dēstinandam (accusative feminine singular)
dēstinandum (accusative neuter singular)
dēstinandōs (accusative masculine plural)
dēstinandās (accusative feminine plural)
dēstinanda (accusative neuter plural)
dēstinandō (ablative masculine singular)
dēstinandā (ablative feminine singular)
dēstinandō (ablative neuter singular)
dēstinandīs (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
dēstinande (masculine singular vocative)
dēstinanda (feminine singular vocative)
dēstinandum (neuter singular vocative)
dēstinandī (masculine plural vocative)
dēstinandae (feminine plural vocative)
dēstinanda (neuter plural vocative)

Future passive participle (gerundive) of dēstinō (“bind, fasten”).


harundo

la-noun

harundō f (genitive harundinis); third declension

harundō (canonical feminine)
harundinis (genitive)
harundō (nominative singular)
harundinēs (nominative plural)
harundinis (genitive singular)
harundinum (genitive plural)
harundinī (dative singular)
harundinibus (dative plural)
harundinem (accusative singular)
harundinēs (accusative plural)
harundine (ablative singular)
harundinibus (ablative plural)
harundō (singular vocative)
harundinēs (plural vocative)

Probably from Gaulish *garunda (“shallows, riverbank”), which is also related to Ancient Greek Γαρουνᾶς (Garounâs), Γαρύνας (Garúnas).


manuballista

la-noun

manuballista f (genitive manuballistae); first declension

manuballistae (genitive)
manuballista (nominative singular)
manuballistae (nominative plural)
manuballistae (genitive singular)
manuballistārum (genitive plural)
manuballistae (dative singular)
manuballistīs (dative plural)
manuballistam (accusative singular)
manuballistās (accusative plural)
manuballistā (ablative singular)
manuballistīs (ablative plural)
manuballista (singular vocative)
manuballistae (plural vocative)

From manus (“hand”) + ballista (“ballista”).

The only contemporary account of crossbows is by Vegetius, who writes:

Erant tragularii, qui ad manuballistas vel arcuballistas dirigebant sagittas.

Some scholars take this to mean these were different weapons, manuballistae being torsion-powered and arcuballistae being crossbows. In modern Spanish and Italian a crossbow is called ballesta and balestra respectively, while in French and German it's called arbalète and Armbrust.

A torsion-powered hand weapon, or possibly a crossbow