vapor

la-noun

vapor m (genitive vapōris); third declension

vapōris (genitive)
vapor (nominative singular)
vapōrēs (nominative plural)
vapōris (genitive singular)
vapōrum (genitive plural)
vapōrī (dative singular)
vapōribus (dative plural)
vapōrem (accusative singular)
vapōrēs (accusative plural)
vapōre (ablative singular)
vapōribus (ablative plural)
vapor (singular vocative)
vapōrēs (plural vocative)

Asturian: vapor

Catalan: vapor

→ English: vapor

French: vapeur

Galician: vapor

Italian: vapore

Portuguese: vapor

Romanian: vapor

Spanish: vapor

From Proto-Italic *kwapōs, of uncertain ultimate origin, but possibly related to Ancient Greek καπνός (kapnós, “smoke”) and Proto-Indo-European *kʷep- (“to smoke, boil, move violently”), via an older form *quapor that eventually lost its velar.


libido

la-noun

libīdō f (genitive libīdinis); third declension

libīdō (canonical feminine)
libīdinis (genitive)
libīdō (nominative singular)
libīdinēs (nominative plural)
libīdinis (genitive singular)
libīdinum (genitive plural)
libīdinī (dative singular)
libīdinibus (dative plural)
libīdinem (accusative singular)
libīdinēs (accusative plural)
libīdine (ablative singular)
libīdinibus (ablative plural)
libīdō (singular vocative)
libīdinēs (plural vocative)

→ Armenian: լիբիդո (libido)

→ Catalan: libido

→ Dutch: libido

desctree

→ English: libido
→ Mandarin: 力比多 (lìbǐduō)
→ Irish: libídeo
→ Japanese: リビドー (ribidō)
→ Korean: 리비도 (ribido)

→ Finnish: libido

→ French: libido
→ Turkish: libido

→ German: Libido

→ Galician: libido

→ Hebrew: לִיבִּידוֹ (libido)

→ Hungarian: libidó

→ Italian: libido, libidine

→ Polish: libido

→ Portuguese: libido

→ Romanian: libido

→ Russian: либи́до (libído)

→ Serbo-Croatian: лѝбидо (lìbido)

→ Slovene: lȋbido

→ Spanish: libido

→ Swedish: libido

From Proto-Italic *luβēō (“to desire”), from Proto-Indo-European *lewbʰ- (“love, care, desire”).

der

Haec tibi est incīdenda lingua, quā vel ēvulsā spīritū ipsō libīdinem tuam lībertās mea refūtābit.

(For that) you must sever this tongue of mine, and even if it is torn out, the freedom in my very breath will confound your wantonness.

desire, fancy, inclination, longing, pleasure, caprice, passion, wantonness


bonus

la-noun

bonus m (genitive bonī); second declension

bonī (genitive)
bonus (nominative singular)
bonī (nominative plural)
bonī (genitive singular)
bonōrum (genitive plural)
bonō (dative singular)
bonīs (dative plural)
bonum (accusative singular)
bonōs (accusative plural)
bonō (ablative singular)
bonīs (ablative plural)
bone (singular vocative)
bonī (plural vocative)

From Old Latin duenos, later duonus, from Proto-Italic *dwenos, further etymology uncertain. Possibly cognate with beō (“to bless, gladden”). Possible roots include:
* Proto-Indo-European *dewh₂- (“to join, fit together”); compare Gothic 𐍄𐌰𐌿𐌾𐌰𐌽 (taujan, “to do, make”) and Ancient Greek δύναμαι (dúnamai, “to be able”).
* Proto-Indo-European *deh₃-u, from *deh₃- (“to give”).
* Proto-Indo-European *dew- (“to show favor, revere”)
* Proto-Indo-European *dwey- (“to fear”), source of Ancient Greek δέος (déos), δεινός (deinós), δειλός (deilós).
Compare the change from duellum to bellum (“war”).


amo

la-verb

amō (present infinitive amāre, perfect active amāvī, supine amātum); first conjugation

amō (canonical)
amāre (infinitive present)
amāvī (active perfect)
amātum (supine)
amō (active first-person indicative present singular)
amās (active indicative present second-person singular)
amat (active indicative present singular third-person)
amāmus (active first-person indicative plural present)
amātis (active indicative plural present second-person)
amant (active indicative plural present third-person)
amābam (active first-person imperfect indicative singular)
amābās (active imperfect indicative second-person singular)
amābat (active imperfect indicative singular third-person)
amābāmus (active first-person imperfect indicative plural)
amābātis (active imperfect indicative plural second-person)
amābant (active imperfect indicative plural third-person)
amābō (active first-person future indicative singular)
amābis (active future indicative second-person singular)
amābit (active future indicative singular third-person)
amābimus (active first-person future indicative plural)
amābitis (active future indicative plural second-person)
amābunt (active future indicative plural third-person)
amāvī (active first-person indicative perfect singular)
amāvistī (active indicative perfect second-person singular)
amāstī (active indicative perfect second-person singular)
amāvit (active indicative perfect singular third-person)
amāt (active indicative perfect singular third-person)
amāvimus (active first-person indicative perfect plural)
amāmus (active first-person indicative perfect plural)
amāvistis (active indicative perfect plural second-person)
amāstis (active indicative perfect plural second-person)
amāvērunt (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
amārunt (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
amāvēre (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
amāveram (active first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
amāram (active first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
amāverās (active indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
amārās (active indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
amāverat (active indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
amārat (active indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
amāverāmus (active first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
amārāmus (active first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
amāverātis (active indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
amārātis (active indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
amāverant (active indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
amārant (active indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
amāverō (active first-person future indicative perfect singular)
amārō (active first-person future indicative perfect singular)
amāveris (active future indicative perfect second-person singular)
amāris (active future indicative perfect second-person singular)
amāverit (active future indicative perfect singular third-person)
amārit (active future indicative perfect singular third-person)
amāverimus (active first-person future indicative perfect plural)
amārimus (active first-person future indicative perfect plural)
amāveritis (active future indicative perfect plural second-person)
amāritis (active future indicative perfect plural second-person)
amāverint (active future indicative perfect plural third-person)
amārint (active future indicative perfect plural third-person)
amāssō (active first-person future sigmatic singular)
amāssis (active future second-person sigmatic singular)
amāssit (active future sigmatic singular third-person)
amāssimus (active first-person future plural sigmatic)
amāssitis (active future plural second-person sigmatic)
amāssint (active future plural sigmatic third-person)
amor (first-person indicative passive present singular)
amāris (indicative passive present second-person singular)
amāre (indicative passive present second-person singular)
amātur (indicative passive present singular third-person)
amāmur (first-person indicative passive plural present)
amāminī (indicative passive plural present second-person)
amantur (indicative passive plural present third-person)
amābar (first-person imperfect indicative passive singular)
amābāris (imperfect indicative passive second-person singular)
amābāre (imperfect indicative passive second-person singular)
amābātur (imperfect indicative passive singular third-person)
amābāmur (first-person imperfect indicative passive plural)
amābāminī (imperfect indicative passive plural second-person)
amābantur (imperfect indicative passive plural third-person)
amābor (first-person future indicative passive singular)
amāberis (future indicative passive second-person singular)
amābere (future indicative passive second-person singular)
amābitur (future indicative passive singular third-person)
amābimur (first-person future indicative passive plural)
amābiminī (future indicative passive plural second-person)
amābuntur (future indicative passive plural third-person)
amem (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
amēs (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
amet (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
amēmus (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
amētis (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
ament (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
amārem (active first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
amārēs (active imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
amāret (active imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
amārēmus (active first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
amārētis (active imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
amārent (active imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
amāverim (active first-person perfect singular subjunctive)
amārim (active first-person perfect singular subjunctive)
amāverīs (active perfect second-person singular subjunctive)
amārīs (active perfect second-person singular subjunctive)
amāverit (active perfect singular subjunctive third-person)
amārit (active perfect singular subjunctive third-person)
amāverīmus (active first-person perfect plural subjunctive)
amārīmus (active first-person perfect plural subjunctive)
amāverītis (active perfect plural second-person subjunctive)
amārītis (active perfect plural second-person subjunctive)
amāverint (active perfect plural subjunctive third-person)
amārint (active perfect plural subjunctive third-person)
amāvissem (active first-person pluperfect singular subjunctive)
amāssem (active first-person pluperfect singular subjunctive)
amāvissēs (active pluperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
amāssēs (active pluperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
amāvisset (active pluperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
amāsset (active pluperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
amāvissēmus (active first-person pluperfect plural subjunctive)
amāssēmus (active first-person pluperfect plural subjunctive)
amāvissētis (active pluperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
amāssētis (active pluperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
amāvissent (active pluperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
amāssent (active pluperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
amāssim (active aorist first-person sigmatic singular)
amāssīs (active aorist second-person sigmatic singular)
amāssīt (active aorist sigmatic singular third-person)
amāssīmus (active aorist first-person plural sigmatic)
amāssītis (active aorist plural second-person sigmatic)
amāssint (active aorist plural sigmatic third-person)
amer (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
amēris (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
amēre (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
amētur (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
amēmur (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
amēminī (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
amentur (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
amārer (first-person imperfect passive singular subjunctive)
amārēris (imperfect passive second-person singular subjunctive)
amārēre (imperfect passive second-person singular subjunctive)
amārētur (imperfect passive singular subjunctive third-person)
amārēmur (first-person imperfect passive plural subjunctive)
amārēminī (imperfect passive plural second-person subjunctive)
amārentur (imperfect passive plural subjunctive third-person)
amā (active imperative present second-person singular)
amāte (active imperative plural present second-person)
amātō (active future imperative second-person singular)
amātō (active future imperative singular third-person)
amātōte (active future imperative plural second-person)
amantō (active future imperative plural third-person)
amāre (imperative passive present second-person singular)
amāminī (imperative passive plural present second-person)
amātor (future imperative passive second-person singular)
amātor (future imperative passive singular third-person)
amantor (future imperative passive plural third-person)
amāre (active infinitive present)
amārī (infinitive passive present)
amāns (active participle present)
amātūrum esse (active future infinitive)
amātum īrī (future infinitive passive)
amātūrus (active future participle)
amandus (future participle passive)
amāvisse (active infinitive perfect)
amāsse (active infinitive perfect)
amātum esse (infinitive passive perfect)
amātus (participle passive perfect)
amātum fore (future infinitive passive perfect)
amātūrum fuisse (active infinitive perfect potential)
amandī (genitive gerund noun-from-verb)
amandō (dative gerund noun-from-verb)
amandum (accusative gerund noun-from-verb)
amandō (ablative gerund noun-from-verb)
amātum (accusative noun-from-verb supine)
amātū (ablative noun-from-verb supine)

Dalmatian:

amur

Italo-Romance:

Corsican: amà

Italian: amare

Neapolitan: ammare

Sicilian: amari

Padanian:

Friulian: amâ

Romansch: amar

Venetan: amar

Northern Gallo-Romance:

Franco-Provençal: amar

desctree

Old French: amer, aamer, ameir, amere, aimer, aeimer, asmer, eimer
French: aimer
Norman: aimer

Southern Gallo-Romance:

Aragonese: aimar

Catalan: amar

Occitan: aimar

Ibero-Romance:

Mozarabic: امار (amār)

Old Leonese:

Asturian: amar

Extremaduran: amal

Leonese: amare

Mirandese: amar

Old Galician-Portuguese: amar
Galician: amar
Portuguese: amar

Old Spanish:

Ladino: amar / אמאר

Spanish: amar

Insular Romance:

Sardinian: amai (Campidanese), amare (Logudorese)

Inherited from Proto-Italic *amō, see the Proto-Italic entry for more information.

Tū mē amās, egō tē amō; meritō id fierī uterque exīstumat.

You love me, I love you; and each of us believes it to be well-deserved.

Sī vīs amārī, amā.

c. 4 BCE – 65 CE, Seneca the Younger, Letters to Lucilius IX.6


libertas

la-noun

lībertās f (genitive lībertātis); third declension

lībertās (canonical feminine)
lībertātis (genitive)
lībertās (nominative singular)
lībertātēs (nominative plural)
lībertātis (genitive singular)
lībertātum (genitive plural)
lībertātī (dative singular)
lībertātibus (dative plural)
lībertātem (accusative singular)
lībertātēs (accusative plural)
lībertāte (ablative singular)
lībertātibus (ablative plural)
lībertās (singular vocative)
lībertātēs (plural vocative)

→ Friulian: libertât

→ Italian: libertà

Old Occitan:

→ Catalan: llibertat

→ Occitan: libertat

→ Old French: liberté

French: liberté

→ Romanian: libertate

→ Middle English: liberte

English: liberty

→ Old Galician-Portuguese: liberdade

Galician: liberdade

Portuguese: liberdade

→ Sicilian: libbirtati (old Sicilian)

Sicilian: libbirtà

→ Old Spanish: libertat

→ Spanish: libertad

→ Venetan: łibartà

[lʲiːˈbɛrt̪äːs̠]

From Proto-Italic *louðortāts, equivalent to līber (“free”) + -tās. Cognate with Faliscan 𐌋𐌏𐌉𐌅𐌉𐌓𐌕𐌀𐌕𐌏 (loifirtato).


genius

genius m (genitive geniī or genī); second declension

geniī (genitive)
genī (genitive)
genius (nominative singular)
geniī (nominative plural)
geniī (genitive singular)
genī (genitive singular)
geniōrum (genitive plural)
geniō (dative singular)
geniīs (dative plural)
genium (accusative singular)
geniōs (accusative plural)
geniō (ablative singular)
geniīs (ablative plural)
genī (singular vocative)
geniī (plural vocative)

Catalan: giny, → geni

→ Dutch: genie

→ English: genius, genie

→ French: génie

→ English: genie

→ German: Genie

→ German: Genius

→ Italian: genio

→ Portuguese: génio, gênio (Brazil)

→ Romanian: geniu

→ Serbo-Croatian: genij

→ Spanish: genio

Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ǵenh₁- (“to beget”), perhaps through Old Latin genō (“to beget, give birth; to produce, cause”), + *-yos; compare Proto-Germanic *kunją (“kin”) and Sanskrit जन्य n (jánya, “lineage, tribe, people”), though all probably independent formations. Comparisons with Aramaic ܓܢܝܐ (ginnaya, “tutelary deity”), and with Arabic جِنِّي (jinnī, “jinn, spirit, demon”) and جَنِين (janīn, “embryo, germ”), suggest the effects of an older substrate word.

noncog

the deity or guardian spirit of a person, place, etc.; a daemon, a daimon (cf. Ancient Greek δαίμων (daímōn))


invidia

la-noun

invidia f (genitive invidiae); first declension

invidiae (genitive)
invidia (nominative singular)
invidiae (nominative plural)
invidiae (genitive singular)
invidiārum (genitive plural)
invidiae (dative singular)
invidiīs (dative plural)
invidiam (accusative singular)
invidiās (accusative plural)
invidiā (ablative singular)
invidiīs (ablative plural)
invidia (singular vocative)
invidiae (plural vocative)

Gallo-Romance:

Franco-Provençal: envia, evia

Old French: enveie (early texts), envie (/i/ via Latin influence)

French: envie

desctree

→ Middle English: envie, anvie, envi, envy, envye, invie
English: envy

→ Old Italian: envia

→ Piedmontese: anvia

Lorrain: eveye, inveye

Walloon: eevie, invie

Occitano-Romance:

Catalan: enveja

Old Occitan: enveja, enveia

Occitan: enveja, envea

→ Old Italian: inveggia

Sicilian: mmija

Ibero-Romance:

Asturian: enveya

Old Galician-Portuguese: enveja
Galician: envexa
Portuguese: inveja (/i/ via Latin influence)

Borrowings:

→ Italian: invidia
→ Friulian: invidie
→ Ligurian: invìdia
→ Neapolitan: 'mmìdia
→ Romanian: invidie
→ Sicilian: mmìdia, mmija
→ Venetan: invìdia

→ Portuguese: invídia

→ Spanish: envidia

[ɪnˈu̯ɪd̪iä]

From invidus (“envious”), from invideō (“envy, grudge”). Cognate to Proto-Slavic *zavistь (“envy”), Proto-Slavic *nenavistь (“hate”), Proto-Slavic *obvida (“resentment, indignation”).

cog

envy, grudge, grudging, jealousy, prejudice, spite

“… Sī tē Karthāginis arcēs,
Phoenissam, Libycaeque aspectus dētinet urbis,
quae tandem, Ausoniā Teucrōs cōnsīdere terrā,
invidia est? …”
“If the towers of Carthage detain you, [Dido] – a Phoenician – having looked upon this Libyan city, why then, [when we] Trojans [seek] to settle on Ausonian land, is [there any] resentment?”
(Translations – Mackail, 1885: “what wrong is it”; Knight, 1956: “what is the objection”; Mandelbaum, 1971: “why … begrudge”; Ahl, 2007: “why … evil your eye”; Ruden, 2021: “how can you resent”.)

29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 4.347–350

odium, unpopularity, dislike, hatred, infamy, malice, resentment, ill-will


ardeo

la-verb

ārdeō (present infinitive ārdēre, perfect active ārsī, supine ārsum); second conjugation

ārdeō (canonical)
ārdēre (infinitive present)
ārsī (active perfect)
ārsum (supine)
ārdeō (active first-person indicative present singular)
ārdēs (active indicative present second-person singular)
ārdet (active indicative present singular third-person)
ārdēmus (active first-person indicative plural present)
ārdētis (active indicative plural present second-person)
ārdent (active indicative plural present third-person)
ārdēbam (active first-person imperfect indicative singular)
ārdēbās (active imperfect indicative second-person singular)
ārdēbat (active imperfect indicative singular third-person)
ārdēbāmus (active first-person imperfect indicative plural)
ārdēbātis (active imperfect indicative plural second-person)
ārdēbant (active imperfect indicative plural third-person)
ārdēbō (active first-person future indicative singular)
ārdēbis (active future indicative second-person singular)
ārdēbit (active future indicative singular third-person)
ārdēbimus (active first-person future indicative plural)
ārdēbitis (active future indicative plural second-person)
ārdēbunt (active future indicative plural third-person)
ārsī (active first-person indicative perfect singular)
ārsistī (active indicative perfect second-person singular)
ārsit (active indicative perfect singular third-person)
ārsimus (active first-person indicative perfect plural)
ārsistis (active indicative perfect plural second-person)
ārsērunt (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
ārsēre (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
ārseram (active first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
ārserās (active indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
ārserat (active indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
ārserāmus (active first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
ārserātis (active indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
ārserant (active indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
ārserō (active first-person future indicative perfect singular)
ārseris (active future indicative perfect second-person singular)
ārserit (active future indicative perfect singular third-person)
ārserimus (active first-person future indicative perfect plural)
ārseritis (active future indicative perfect plural second-person)
ārserint (active future indicative perfect plural third-person)
ārdeor (first-person indicative passive present singular)
ārdēris (indicative passive present second-person singular)
ārdēre (indicative passive present second-person singular)
ārdētur (indicative passive present singular third-person)
ārdēmur (first-person indicative passive plural present)
ārdēminī (indicative passive plural present second-person)
ārdentur (indicative passive plural present third-person)
ārdēbar (first-person imperfect indicative passive singular)
ārdēbāris (imperfect indicative passive second-person singular)
ārdēbāre (imperfect indicative passive second-person singular)
ārdēbātur (imperfect indicative passive singular third-person)
ārdēbāmur (first-person imperfect indicative passive plural)
ārdēbāminī (imperfect indicative passive plural second-person)
ārdēbantur (imperfect indicative passive plural third-person)
ārdēbor (first-person future indicative passive singular)
ārdēberis (future indicative passive second-person singular)
ārdēbere (future indicative passive second-person singular)
ārdēbitur (future indicative passive singular third-person)
ārdēbimur (first-person future indicative passive plural)
ārdēbiminī (future indicative passive plural second-person)
ārdēbuntur (future indicative passive plural third-person)
ārsus + future active indicative of sum (future indicative passive perfect)
ārdeam (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
ārdeās (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
ārdeat (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
ārdeāmus (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
ārdeātis (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
ārdeant (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
ārdērem (active first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
ārdērēs (active imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
ārdēret (active imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
ārdērēmus (active first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
ārdērētis (active imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
ārdērent (active imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
ārserim (active first-person perfect singular subjunctive)
ārserīs (active perfect second-person singular subjunctive)
ārserit (active perfect singular subjunctive third-person)
ārserīmus (active first-person perfect plural subjunctive)
ārserītis (active perfect plural second-person subjunctive)
ārserint (active perfect plural subjunctive third-person)
ārsissem (active first-person pluperfect singular subjunctive)
ārsissēs (active pluperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
ārsisset (active pluperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
ārsissēmus (active first-person pluperfect plural subjunctive)
ārsissētis (active pluperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
ārsissent (active pluperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
ārdear (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
ārdeāris (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
ārdeāre (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
ārdeātur (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
ārdeāmur (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
ārdeāminī (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
ārdeantur (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
ārdērer (first-person imperfect passive singular subjunctive)
ārdērēris (imperfect passive second-person singular subjunctive)
ārdērēre (imperfect passive second-person singular subjunctive)
ārdērētur (imperfect passive singular subjunctive third-person)
ārdērēmur (first-person imperfect passive plural subjunctive)
ārdērēminī (imperfect passive plural second-person subjunctive)
ārdērentur (imperfect passive plural subjunctive third-person)
ārdē (active imperative present second-person singular)
ārdēte (active imperative plural present second-person)
ārdētō (active future imperative second-person singular)
ārdētō (active future imperative singular third-person)
ārdētōte (active future imperative plural second-person)
ārdentō (active future imperative plural third-person)
ārdēre (imperative passive present second-person singular)
ārdēminī (imperative passive plural present second-person)
ārdētor (future imperative passive second-person singular)
ārdētor (future imperative passive singular third-person)
ārdentor (future imperative passive plural third-person)
ārdēre (active infinitive present)
ārdērī (infinitive passive present)
ārdēns (active participle present)
ārsūrum esse (active future infinitive)
ārsum īrī (future infinitive passive)
ārsūrus (active future participle)
ārdendus (future participle passive)
ārsisse (active infinitive perfect)
ārsum esse (infinitive passive perfect)
ārsus (participle passive perfect)
ārsum fore (future infinitive passive perfect)
ārsūrum fuisse (active infinitive perfect potential)
ārdendī (genitive gerund noun-from-verb)
ārdendō (dative gerund noun-from-verb)
ārdendum (accusative gerund noun-from-verb)
ārdendō (ablative gerund noun-from-verb)
ārsum (accusative noun-from-verb supine)
ārsū (ablative noun-from-verb supine)

Dalmatian:

ardar

Gallo-Romance:

Old French: ardoir, ardeir

Middle French: ardoir

Ibero-Romance:

Asturian: arder

desctree

Old Galician-Portuguese: arder
Galician: arder
Portuguese: arder

Spanish: arder

Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: ardu

Megleno-Romanian: ardu

Romanian: arde

Istro-Romanian: årde

Italo-Romance:

Italian: ardere

Sicilian: àrdiri

North Italian:

Friulian: ardi

Romansch: arder

Venetan: àrdar

Gallo-Romance:

Old Catalan: ardre

Old French: ardre

Middle French: ardre

French: ardre

→ English: arson

Old Occitan: ardre

Occitan: ardre

From ār(i)dus + -eō. Cf. audeō < avidus. For the supine ārsum compare also audeō : ausum and gaudeō : gavīsum, in which the i was retained.

ārserat Aenēae Dīdō miserābilis igne,
ārserat exstructīs in sua fāta rogīs
Wretched Dido, she had been burned with her fire for Aeneas;
she had been burned on a funeral pyre built for her own death.
(In a mere two lines, Ovid vividly summarizes the tragedy of Dido by contrasting two different meanings for the word ārserat.)

(figurative) to be ardently or fervently in love, to burn with (especially romantic) desire


gravitas

la-noun

gravitās f (genitive gravitātis); third declension

gravitās (canonical feminine)
gravitātis (genitive)
gravitās (nominative singular)
gravitātēs (nominative plural)
gravitātis (genitive singular)
gravitātum (genitive plural)
gravitātī (dative singular)
gravitātibus (dative plural)
gravitātem (accusative singular)
gravitātēs (accusative plural)
gravitāte (ablative singular)
gravitātibus (ablative plural)
gravitās (singular vocative)
gravitātēs (plural vocative)

Aromanian: griutati

Catalan: gravetat

→ Dutch: graviteit

→ English: gravitas, gravity

→ French: gravité

→ Romanian: gravitate

Galician: gravidade

→ German: Gravität

Italian: grevità, → gravità

Old French: grieté

→ Portuguese: gravidade

Romanian: greutate

Spanish: gravedad

[ˈɡräu̯ɪt̪äːs̠]


industria

industria f (genitive industriae); first declension

industriae (genitive)
industria (nominative singular)
industriae (nominative plural)
industriae (genitive singular)
industriārum (genitive plural)
industriae (dative singular)
industriīs (dative plural)
industriam (accusative singular)
industriās (accusative plural)
industriā (ablative singular)
industriīs (ablative plural)
industria (singular vocative)
industriae (plural vocative)

Catalan: indústria

French: industrie (see there for further descendants)

Galician: industria

Italian: industria

Occitan: industria

Portuguese: indústria

Romanian: industrie

Russian: индустри́я (industríja)

Spanish: industria

[ɪn̪ˈd̪ʊs̠t̪riä]


fortuna

fortūna f (genitive fortūnae); first declension

fortūna (canonical feminine)
fortūnae (genitive)
fortūna (nominative singular)
fortūnae (nominative plural)
fortūnae (genitive singular)
fortūnārum (genitive plural)
fortūnae (dative singular)
fortūnīs (dative plural)
fortūnam (accusative singular)
fortūnās (accusative plural)
fortūnā (ablative singular)
fortūnīs (ablative plural)
fortūna (singular vocative)
fortūnae (plural vocative)

Aromanian: furtunã

Italian: fortuna

→ Byzantine Greek: φορτούνα (phortoúna)

Greek: φουρτούνα (fourtoúna)

Piedmontese: fortun-a

Romanian: furtună

Sicilian: furtuna

→ Albanian: furtunë

→ Catalan: fortuna

→ Occitan: fortuna

→ Old French: fortune

desctree

Middle French: fortune
→ Dutch: fortuin
French: fortune

→ Middle English: fortune
English: fortune
→ Welsh: ffortiwn
Scots: fortuin

→ Middle Irish: fortún

Irish: fortún

Scottish Gaelic: fortan

→ Polish: fortuna

→ Portuguese: fortuna

→ Romansch: fortuna

→ Russian: фортуна (fortuna)

→ Spanish: fortuna

From Proto-Italic *fortūnā, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰr̥-tew-n-éh₂, a substantivized feminine form of an unattested adjective *fortūnus, from the -tus-derivation *fortus to ferō (“to bear, carry”) or fors (“chance, luck”), + -nus, ultimately from *bʰer- (“to bear, carry”).
For the meaning development compare with Russian везе́ние (vezénije, “luck, good luck”) related to везти́ (veztí, “to convey, to carry (by vehicle), to deliver, to transport”); furthermore cf. Ancient Greek ἡ συμφορά ("fortune, good luck, bad luck") and συμ-φέρω ("bear together; happen").


pius

la-adj

pius (feminine pia, neuter pium, comparative magis pius, superlative piissimus, adverb piē); first/second-declension adjective

pia (feminine)
pium (neuter)
magis pius (comparative)
piissimus (superlative)
piē (adverb)
pius (masculine nominative singular)
pia (feminine nominative singular)
pium (neuter nominative singular)
piī (masculine nominative singular)
piae (feminine nominative plural)
pia (neuter nominative plural)
piī (genitive masculine singular)
piae (feminine genitive singular)
piī (genitive neuter singular)
piōrum (genitive masculine singular)
piārum (feminine genitive plural)
piōrum (genitive neuter plural)
piō (dative masculine singular)
piae (dative feminine singular)
piō (dative neuter singular)
piīs (dative feminine masculine neuter)
pium (accusative masculine singular)
piam (accusative feminine singular)
pium (accusative neuter singular)
piōs (accusative masculine singular)
piās (accusative feminine plural)
pia (accusative neuter plural)
piō (ablative masculine singular)
piā (ablative feminine singular)
piō (ablative neuter singular)
piīs (ablative feminine masculine neuter)
pie (masculine singular vocative)
pia (feminine singular vocative)
pium (neuter singular vocative)
piī (masculine singular vocative)
piae (feminine plural vocative)
pia (neuter plural vocative)

Italian: pio

Old French: pius, piu

Middle French: pieux

French: pieux

→ Romanian: pios

Old Galician-Portuguese:

Galician: pío

Portuguese: pio

Sicilian: pìu

Spanish: pío

→ English: pious

From Proto-Italic *pwījos, from Proto-Indo-European *puHyós (“purifying”), from *pewH-.


bonum

la-noun

bonum n (genitive bonī); second declension

bonī (genitive)
bonum (nominative singular)
bona (nominative plural)
bonī (genitive singular)
bonōrum (genitive plural)
bonō (dative singular)
bonīs (dative plural)
bonum (accusative singular)
bona (accusative plural)
bonō (ablative singular)
bonīs (ablative plural)
bonum (singular vocative)
bona (plural vocative)


fides

fidēs f (genitive fideī); fifth declension

fidēs (canonical feminine)
fideī (genitive)
fidēs (nominative singular)
fideī (genitive singular)
fidēī (genitive singular)
fidē (genitive singular)
fidī (genitive singular)
fidēs (genitive singular)
fideī (dative singular)
fidē (dative singular)
fidī (dative singular)
fidem (accusative singular)
fidē (ablative singular)
fidēs (singular vocative)

Dalmatian:

faid

Italo-Romance:

Italian: fede

Sicilian: fidi

→ Maltese: fidi

Insular Romance:

Sardinian: fide, fidi

North Italian:

Friulian: fede

Old Piedmontese: fay

Piedmontese: fèj

Romansch: fai

Venetan: fè

Gallo-Romance:

Catalan: fe

desctree

Old French: foi, feid, fid, fiet (archaic), fai, fei, foy
Champenois: fiate, fiaite
Middle French: foy
French: foi
→ English: foy, Foy
Norman: fouai
→ Middle English: feith, feiþ, feyth, feyt, faith, faythe, fath, fai, fay, faye, fei, fey, feye
English: faith
Scots: faith
Yola: faaighe, faighe, faigh, fythe

Old Occitan: fe, fei
Occitan: fe

Ibero-Romance:

Asturian: fe

Old Galician-Portuguese: fe
Fala: fe
Galician: fe
Portuguese: fé

Old Spanish: fe, fee, fed

Spanish: fe

Borrowings:

→ Albanian: fe

→ Welsh: ffydd

From Proto-Indo-European *bʰeydʰ- (“to command, to persuade, to trust”).
Cognate to Latin fīdō (“I trust”) and Proto-Germanic *bīdaną.

der

faith, belief (belief without empirical evidence, direct experience, or observation)


fides

la-noun

fidēs f (genitive fidis); third declension

fidēs (canonical feminine)
fidis (genitive)
fidēs (nominative singular)
fidēs (nominative plural)
fidis (genitive singular)
fidium (genitive plural)
fidī (dative singular)
fidibus (dative plural)
fidem (accusative singular)
fidēs (accusative plural)
fidīs (accusative plural)
fide (ablative singular)
fidibus (ablative plural)
fidēs (singular vocative)
fidēs (plural vocative)

(in the plural) lyre, lute, harp (by extension) (any of a number of ancient stringed musical instruments)


malum

malum n (genitive malī); second declension

malī (genitive)
malum (nominative singular)
mala (nominative plural)
malī (genitive singular)
malōrum (genitive plural)
malō (dative singular)
malīs (dative plural)
malum (accusative singular)
mala (accusative plural)
malō (ablative singular)
malīs (ablative plural)
malum (singular vocative)
mala (plural vocative)

French: mal

→ English: malum

Spanish: malo

nūbila sunt subitīs tempora nostra malīs

punishment, harm, injury, torment, misery


malus

mālus f (genitive mālī); second declension

mālus (canonical feminine)
mālī (genitive)
mālus (nominative singular)
mālī (nominative plural)
mālī (genitive singular)
mālōrum (genitive plural)
mālō (dative singular)
mālīs (dative plural)
mālum (accusative singular)
mālōs (accusative plural)
mālō (ablative singular)
mālīs (ablative plural)
māle (singular vocative)
mālī (plural vocative)

Translingual: Malus

Aromanian: mer

Italian: melo

Megleno-Romanian: mer

Romanian: măr

→ English: malus

From Ancient Greek μηλέα (mēléa) (See also Ancient Greek μᾶλον (mâlon, “apple”), μῆλον (mêlon, “apple”)).

Malus bifera.

Et steriles platani malos gessere valentes.

And the fruitless plane trees have borne strong apple trees.

Felices arbores putantur esse quercus vel malus.

The fruitful trees are thought to be an oak or apple tree.

an apple tree; specifically, a plant in the genus Malus in the family Rosaceae.


amabo te

[äˈmäːboː t̪eː]

[äˈmäːbo t̪ɛː]

From amābō (“I shall love”) the future active indicative first person singular of amō (“I love”) + tē the accusative of tu (“you”). Literally "I shall love you" or "I'll love you".

Amābō tē, cūrā fīlium meum.


concordia

concordia f (genitive concordiae); first declension

concordiae (genitive)
concordia (nominative singular)
concordiae (nominative plural)
concordiae (genitive singular)
concordiārum (genitive plural)
concordiae (dative singular)
concordiīs (dative plural)
concordiam (accusative singular)
concordiās (accusative plural)
concordiā (ablative singular)
concordiīs (ablative plural)
concordia (singular vocative)
concordiae (plural vocative)

English: concord

French: concorde

Italian: concordia

Portuguese: concórdia

Romanian: concordie

Spanish: concordia

an agreement together, union, harmony, concord


iustitia

iūstitia f (genitive iūstitiae); first declension

iūstitia (canonical feminine)
iūstitiae (genitive)
iūstitia (nominative singular)
iūstitiae (nominative plural)
iūstitiae (genitive singular)
iūstitiārum (genitive plural)
iūstitiae (dative singular)
iūstitiīs (dative plural)
iūstitiam (accusative singular)
iūstitiās (accusative plural)
iūstitiā (ablative singular)
iūstitiīs (ablative plural)
iūstitia (singular vocative)
iūstitiae (plural vocative)

→ Old Leonese: justicia

Asturian: xusticia, xosticia

Leonese: xusticia

→ Catalan: justícia

→ Friulian: justizie

→ Indonesian: yustisia

→ Italian: giustizia

→ Old French: justise, justice

desctree

French: justice
→ Dutch: justitie
→ Caribbean Javanese: yustisi
→ Indonesian: yustisi
→ Javanese: ꦪꦸꦱ꧀ꦠꦶꦱꦶ (yustisi)
→ Swedish: justis

Norman: justice

→ Middle English: justice

English: justice

→ Old Occitan: justicia

Occitan: justícia

→ Old Galician-Portuguese: justiça

Galician: xustiza

Portuguese: justiça

→ Romanian: justiție

→ Russian: юсти́ция (justícija)

Sicilian: justizzia

→ Spanish: justicia

→ Swedish: justitie-

→ Norwegian:

Norwegian Bokmål: justitia, justis

Norwegian Nynorsk: justis

→ Danish: justits

→ German: Justiz

→ Dutch: justitie

Afrikaans: justisie

→ Estonian: justiits

[i̯uːs̠ˈt̪ɪt̪iä]


dignitas

la-noun

dignitās f (genitive dignitātis); third declension

dignitās (canonical feminine)
dignitātis (genitive)
dignitās (nominative singular)
dignitātēs (nominative plural)
dignitātis (genitive singular)
dignitātum (genitive plural)
dignitātī (dative singular)
dignitātibus (dative plural)
dignitātem (accusative singular)
dignitātēs (accusative plural)
dignitāte (ablative singular)
dignitātibus (ablative plural)
dignitās (singular vocative)
dignitātēs (plural vocative)

→ Catalan: dignitat

→ Galician: dignidade

→ Old Irish: dignit

Irish: dínit

→ Italian: dignità

Italian: degnità

Occitan: dignitat

Old French: deintié

→ English: dainty

→ Old French: dignité

French: dignité

→ Middle English: dignitee

English: dignity

Piedmontese: dignità

→ Portuguese: dignidade

Portuguese: dinidade

Romanian: demnitate, dignitate

Romansch: dignitad, dignited, dignità

→ Spanish: dignidad

[ˈd̪ɪŋnɪt̪äːs̠]

deus ibi magna cum dignitate sedet

(metonymically) dignitary (a person of high rank, a person in high office)


clemens

la-adj

clēmēns (genitive clēmentis, comparative clēmentior, superlative clēmentissimus, adverb clēmenter); third-declension one-termination adjective

clēmēns (canonical)
clēmentis (genitive)
clēmentior (comparative)
clēmentissimus (superlative)
clēmenter (adverb)
clēmēns (feminine masculine neuter nominative singular)
clēmentēs (feminine masculine nominative singular)
clēmentia (neuter nominative plural)
clēmentis (feminine genitive masculine neuter singular)
clēmentium (feminine genitive masculine neuter)
clēmentī (dative feminine masculine neuter singular)
clēmentibus (dative feminine masculine neuter)
clēmentem (accusative feminine masculine singular)
clēmēns (accusative neuter singular)
clēmentēs (accusative feminine masculine singular)
clēmentia (accusative neuter plural)
clēmentī (ablative feminine masculine neuter singular)
clēmentibus (ablative feminine masculine neuter)
clēmēns (feminine masculine neuter singular vocative)
clēmentēs (feminine masculine singular vocative)
clēmentia (neuter plural vocative)

Catalan: clement

French: clément

Galician: clemente

Italian: clemente

Portuguese: clemente

Romanian: clement

Spanish: clemente

[ˈkɫ̪eːmẽːs̠]


amatrix

la-noun

amātrīx f (genitive amātrīcis, masculine amātor); third declension

amātrīx (canonical feminine)
amātrīcis (genitive)
amātor (masculine)
amātrīx (nominative singular)
amātrīcēs (nominative plural)
amātrīcis (genitive singular)
amātrīcum (genitive plural)
amātrīcī (dative singular)
amātrīcibus (dative plural)
amātrīcem (accusative singular)
amātrīcēs (accusative plural)
amātrīce (ablative singular)
amātrīcibus (ablative plural)
amātrīx (singular vocative)
amātrīcēs (plural vocative)

→ Middle French: amatrice

desctree

French: amatrice
→ Dutch: amatrice
→ English: amatrice


basium

la-noun

bāsium n (genitive bāsiī or bāsī); second declension

bāsium (canonical neuter)
bāsiī (genitive)
bāsī (genitive)
bāsium (nominative singular)
bāsia (nominative plural)
bāsiī (genitive singular)
bāsī (genitive singular)
bāsiōrum (genitive plural)
bāsiō (dative singular)
bāsiīs (dative plural)
bāsium (accusative singular)
bāsia (accusative plural)
bāsiō (ablative singular)
bāsiīs (ablative plural)
bāsium (singular vocative)
bāsia (plural vocative)

Aromanian: bãshiu

Asturian: besu

Catalan: bes

Corsican: basgiu

Dalmatian: biss

Friulian: buss, buš

Galician: beixo

Italian: bacio

Ladino: bezo

Neapolitan: vaso

Occitan: bais

Old French: baisier

Middle French: baiser

French: baiser

Old Galician-Portuguese: beijo

Portuguese: beijo

Romansch: bitsch, betsch, bütsch

Sardinian: basu, baxu, vasu

Sicilian: vasu

Spanish: beso

Venetan: baxo

[ˈbäːs̠iʊ̃ˑ]

Probably borrowed from Celtic, from an expressive root such as Proto-Indo-European *bu-. Compare Middle Irish pusóc (“kiss”), English buss, German Buss (“kiss”), Polish buzia, buziak (“kiss”), Lithuanian bučiúoti (“to kiss”), Albanian buzë (“lip”), and Persian بوس (bus, “kiss”).

da mi basia mille, deinde centum,

Give me a thousand kisses, then a hundred,

(poetic) kiss of the lips (esp. used this way in Catullus and Martial)


felicitas

fēlīcitās f (genitive fēlīcitātis); third declension

fēlīcitās (canonical feminine)
fēlīcitātis (genitive)
fēlīcitās (nominative singular)
fēlīcitātēs (nominative plural)
fēlīcitātis (genitive singular)
fēlīcitātum (genitive plural)
fēlīcitātī (dative singular)
fēlīcitātibus (dative plural)
fēlīcitātem (accusative singular)
fēlīcitātēs (accusative plural)
fēlīcitāte (ablative singular)
fēlīcitātibus (ablative plural)
fēlīcitās (singular vocative)
fēlīcitātēs (plural vocative)

Catalan: felicitat

English: felicity

French: félicité

Galician: felicidade

Italian: felicità

Occitan: felicitat

Portuguese: felicidade

Spanish: felicidad

[feːˈlʲiːkɪt̪äːs̠]

From fēlīx (“happy; blessed, fortunate, lucky; fertile, fruitful; prosperous; auspicious, favourable”) + -tās (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁(y)- (“to nurse, suckle”)).


crudelitas

la-noun

crūdēlitās f (genitive crūdēlitātis); third declension

crūdēlitās (canonical feminine)
crūdēlitātis (genitive)
crūdēlitās (nominative singular)
crūdēlitātēs (nominative plural)
crūdēlitātis (genitive singular)
crūdēlitātum (genitive plural)
crūdēlitātī (dative singular)
crūdēlitātibus (dative plural)
crūdēlitātem (accusative singular)
crūdēlitātēs (accusative plural)
crūdēlitāte (ablative singular)
crūdēlitātibus (ablative plural)
crūdēlitās (singular vocative)
crūdēlitātēs (plural vocative)

Asturian: crueldá

English: cruelty

Catalan: crueltat

French: cruauté

Friulian: crudeltât

Galician: crueldade

Italian: crudeltà

Occitan: crudeltat, cruseltat

Portuguese: crueldade

Spanish: crueldad

[kruːˈd̪eːlʲɪt̪äːs̠]


hilaritas

hilaritās f (genitive hilaritātis); third declension

hilaritās (canonical feminine)
hilaritātis (genitive)
hilaritās (nominative singular)
hilaritātēs (nominative plural)
hilaritātis (genitive singular)
hilaritātum (genitive plural)
hilaritātī (dative singular)
hilaritātibus (dative plural)
hilaritātem (accusative singular)
hilaritātēs (accusative plural)
hilaritāte (ablative singular)
hilaritātibus (ablative plural)
hilaritās (singular vocative)
hilaritātēs (plural vocative)

English: hilarity

French: hilarité

Friulian: ilaritât

Italian: ilarità

Portuguese: hilaridade

Romanian: ilaritate

Spanish: hilaridad

[hɪˈɫ̪ärɪt̪äːs̠]


superbia

superbia f (genitive superbiae); first declension

superbiae (genitive)
superbia (nominative singular)
superbiae (nominative plural)
superbiae (genitive singular)
superbiārum (genitive plural)
superbiae (dative singular)
superbiīs (dative plural)
superbiam (accusative singular)
superbiās (accusative plural)
superbiā (ablative singular)
superbiīs (ablative plural)
superbia (singular vocative)
superbiae (plural vocative)

French: superbe

Italian: superbia

Portuguese: soberba

Spanish: soberbia

Nōn ea vīs animō nec tanta superbia victīs.

“[We do] not [have] this violence in mind, nor [is] such arrogance even [appropriate] for the defeated.”
(Ilioneus assures Queen Dido that the Trojans have not come to raid Carthage.)

pride, haughtiness, arrogance, snobbishness, insolence, lawlessness, wantonness


aequitas

aequitās f (genitive aequitātis); third declension

aequitās (canonical feminine)
aequitātis (genitive)
aequitās (nominative singular)
aequitātēs (nominative plural)
aequitātis (genitive singular)
aequitātum (genitive plural)
aequitātī (dative singular)
aequitātibus (dative plural)
aequitātem (accusative singular)
aequitātēs (accusative plural)
aequitāte (ablative singular)
aequitātibus (ablative plural)
aequitās (singular vocative)
aequitātēs (plural vocative)

desc

Old Spanish: eguedat, yeguedat, yenguedat

→ Catalan: equitat

→ Old French: equite

→ English: equity

French: équité

→ Romanian: echitate

→ Italian: equità

→ Portuguese: equidade

→ Galician: equidade

→ Spanish: equidad

[ˈäe̯kʷɪt̪äːs̠]

From aequus (“equal, even”) + -tās (“-ity”).


venia

la-noun

venia f (genitive veniae); first declension

veniae (genitive)
venia (nominative singular)
veniae (nominative plural)
veniae (genitive singular)
veniārum (genitive plural)
veniae (dative singular)
veniīs (dative plural)
veniam (accusative singular)
veniās (accusative plural)
veniā (ablative singular)
veniīs (ablative plural)
venia (singular vocative)
veniae (plural vocative)

Catalan: vènia

English: venial

Galician: venia

Italian: venia

Portuguese: vénia, vênia (Brazil)

→ Romanian: venie

Spanish: venia

French: véniel

From Proto-Italic *wenjā, from Proto-Indo-European *wenh₁- (“to wish, love”). See also Latin Venus, veneror and English wish.

der

Datur petentibus venia

c. 52 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de Bello Gallico VII.15

the permission being granted to them who begging


modestia

la-noun

modestia f (genitive modestiae); first declension

modestiae (genitive)
modestia (nominative singular)
modestiae (nominative plural)
modestiae (genitive singular)
modestiārum (genitive plural)
modestiae (dative singular)
modestiīs (dative plural)
modestiam (accusative singular)
modestiās (accusative plural)
modestiā (ablative singular)
modestiīs (ablative plural)
modestia (singular vocative)
modestiae (plural vocative)

Catalan: modèstia

English: modesty

French: modestie

Galician: modestia

Italian: modestia

Occitan: modestia

Portuguese: modéstia

Romanian: modestie

Spanish: modestia

[mɔˈd̪ɛs̠t̪iä]


iustus

la-adj

iūstus (feminine iūsta, neuter iūstum, comparative iūstior, superlative iūstissimus); first/second-declension adjective

iūstus (canonical)
iūsta (feminine)
iūstum (neuter)
iūstior (comparative)
iūstissimus (superlative)
iūstus (masculine nominative singular)
iūsta (feminine nominative singular)
iūstum (neuter nominative singular)
iūstī (masculine nominative singular)
iūstae (feminine nominative plural)
iūsta (neuter nominative plural)
iūstī (genitive masculine singular)
iūstae (feminine genitive singular)
iūstī (genitive neuter singular)
iūstōrum (genitive masculine singular)
iūstārum (feminine genitive plural)
iūstōrum (genitive neuter plural)
iūstō (dative masculine singular)
iūstae (dative feminine singular)
iūstō (dative neuter singular)
iūstīs (dative feminine masculine neuter)
iūstum (accusative masculine singular)
iūstam (accusative feminine singular)
iūstum (accusative neuter singular)
iūstōs (accusative masculine singular)
iūstās (accusative feminine plural)
iūsta (accusative neuter plural)
iūstō (ablative masculine singular)
iūstā (ablative feminine singular)
iūstō (ablative neuter singular)
iūstīs (ablative feminine masculine neuter)
iūste (masculine singular vocative)
iūsta (feminine singular vocative)
iūstum (neuter singular vocative)
iūstī (masculine singular vocative)
iūstae (feminine plural vocative)
iūsta (neuter plural vocative)

Eastern Romance

q

Aromanian: giustu (perhaps borrowed, either directly or through an intermediate language)

Gallo-Italic

Piedmontese: giust

Romagnol: gióst, jóst

Italo-Dalmatian

Dalmatian: jost

Italian: giusto
→ English: giusto

Sicilian: giustu, justu

Old French: juste

desctree

French: juste
→ Franco-Provençal: j·usto
→ Romanian: just

Norman: juste

→ Middle Dutch: juust

Dutch: juist (see there for further descendants)

→ Middle English: juste (see there for further descendants)

Old Occitan:

Old Catalan: just

Catalan: just

Occitan: just

Rhaeto-Romance

Friulian: just

Ladin: giust

Romansch: gist

Sardinian: giustu, zustu

Venetan: justo, xusto, giusto, giust

West Iberian

Aragonese: chusto

Asturian: xustu

Old Galician-Portuguese:

Galician: xusto

Portuguese: justo
Kabuverdianu: justu
→ Indonesian: justru (“precisely so”)
→ Tetum: justu

Old Spanish: justo
Ladino: djusto
Spanish: justo

Borrowings

→ Cimbrian: jüsto

→ German: just

→ Swedish: just
→ Finnish: just

[ˈi̯uːs̠t̪ʊs̠]

From Old Latin iovestos, from Proto-Italic *jowestos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂yew-. By surface analysis, iūs + -tus.


delicium

la-noun

dēlicium n (genitive dēliciī or dēlicī); second declension

dēlicium (canonical neuter)
dēliciī (genitive)
dēlicī (genitive)
dēlicium (nominative singular)
dēlicia (nominative plural)
dēliciī (genitive singular)
dēlicī (genitive singular)
dēliciōrum (genitive plural)
dēliciō (dative singular)
dēliciīs (dative plural)
dēlicium (accusative singular)
dēlicia (accusative plural)
dēliciō (ablative singular)
dēliciīs (ablative plural)
dēlicium (singular vocative)
dēlicia (plural vocative)

French: délice

[d̪eːˈlʲɪkiʊ̃ˑ]

From dēlicere (“to entice, to snare; to delight”) + -ium (“-ium: forming abstract nouns”), from dē- + lacere (“to entice, to snare”), from Proto-Italic *lakjō (“to draw, to pull”), with no known cognates in any other Indo-European languages.

inh

(figuratively) a prepubescent or adolescent boy who served as a sex slave, chosen for his supposed beauty


clementia

la-noun

clēmentia f (genitive clēmentiae); first declension

clēmentia (canonical feminine)
clēmentiae (genitive)
clēmentia (nominative singular)
clēmentiae (nominative plural)
clēmentiae (genitive singular)
clēmentiārum (genitive plural)
clēmentiae (dative singular)
clēmentiīs (dative plural)
clēmentiam (accusative singular)
clēmentiās (accusative plural)
clēmentiā (ablative singular)
clēmentiīs (ablative plural)
clēmentia (singular vocative)
clēmentiae (plural vocative)

Catalan: clemència

Dutch: clementie

English: clemency

French: clémence

Galician: clemencia

Italian: clemenza

Old French: clementia (isolated attestation)

Portuguese: clemência

Romanian: clemență

Spanish: clemencia

[kɫ̪eːˈmɛn̪t̪iä]

clemency, mildness (of climate or the weather)

Clementia tua

Grace (capitalized for royal/imperial titles and addresses)


virtus

virtūs f (genitive virtūtis); third declension

virtūs (canonical feminine)
virtūtis (genitive)
virtūs (nominative singular)
virtūtēs (nominative plural)
virtūtis (genitive singular)
virtūtum (genitive plural)
virtūtī (dative singular)
virtūtibus (dative plural)
virtūtem (accusative singular)
virtūtēs (accusative plural)
virtūte (ablative singular)
virtūtibus (ablative plural)
virtūs (singular vocative)
virtūtēs (plural vocative)

→ Albanian: vërtyt, virtyt

Aromanian: vãrtuti, virtuti

Asturian: virtú

Catalan: virtut

Old French: vertu

→ Middle English: vertu

English: virtue

French: vertu

Friulian: virtût

Galician: virtude

Italian: virtù, vertù

Lombard: virtù

Occitan: vertut

Old Galician-Portuguese: vertude

Portuguese: virtude

Old Spanish: vertud

Spanish: virtud

Piedmontese: vërtù

Romanian: vârtute, virtute

Sicilian: virtuti

Venetan: vertù

Welsh: gwyrth

From vir (“man, male”) + -tūs (abstract noun-forming suffix).

affix

Qua de causa Helvetii quoque reliquos Gallos virtute praecedunt, quod fere cotidianis proeliis cum Germanis contendunt, cum aut suis finibus eos prohibent aut ipsi in eorum finibus bellum gerunt.

c. 52 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de Bello Gallico 1.1

Translation by W. A. McDevitte and W. S. Bohn
For which reason the Helvetii also surpass the rest of the Gauls in valor, as they contend with the Germans in almost daily battles, when they either repel them from their own territories, or themselves wage war on their frontiers.

(figuratively) strength (of medicine or herbs)


vitium

la-noun

vitium n (genitive vitiī or vitī); second declension

vitiī (genitive)
vitī (genitive)
vitium (nominative singular)
vitia (nominative plural)
vitiī (genitive singular)
vitī (genitive singular)
vitiōrum (genitive plural)
vitiō (dative singular)
vitiīs (dative plural)
vitium (accusative singular)
vitia (accusative plural)
vitiō (ablative singular)
vitiīs (ablative plural)
vitium (singular vocative)
vitia (plural vocative)

Asturian: viciu

Albanian: ves

Catalan: vici

Friulian: vizi

Galician: vezo, vizo, vizio

Italian: vezzo, vizio

Occitan: vetz

Old French: vice

French: vice

→ Middle English: vice

English: vice

Piedmontese: vissi

Portuguese: vezo, viço, vício

Romanian: viciu

Sicilian: vezzu, vizziu

Spanish: vezo, vicio

[ˈu̯ɪt̪iʊ̃ˑ]

Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *(d)wi-tyo- (“apart, wrong”), a derivative of the number *dwóh₁ (“two”).

inh

accipit ille locus positō vēlāmine cūnctās
et vitium nūdī corporis omne videt
That place receives [you] with all [your] garments set aside,
and exposes every blemish on the naked body.
(See Fortuna Virilis.)

nam prima virtus est vitio carere

c. 35 CE – 100 CE, Quintilian, Institutio Oratoria 8.3.41

Translation by Harold Edgeworth Butler
Since the first of all virtues is the avoidance of faults
(literally, “For the first virtue is to lack vice”)

crime, wrongdoing, misdeed, sin, error, fault


cupiditas

la-noun

cupiditās f (genitive cupiditātis); third declension

cupiditās (canonical feminine)
cupiditātis (genitive)
cupiditās (nominative singular)
cupiditātēs (nominative plural)
cupiditātis (genitive singular)
cupiditātum (genitive plural)
cupiditātī (dative singular)
cupiditātibus (dative plural)
cupiditātem (accusative singular)
cupiditātēs (accusative plural)
cupiditāte (ablative singular)
cupiditātibus (ablative plural)
cupiditās (singular vocative)
cupiditātēs (plural vocative)

Old Ligurian: covèa

Montferrat Piedmontese: covèia

q

Franco-Provençal: coveizi (through *cupitia with change of suffix)

Old French: cobetad

Old Occitan: cobeitat

→ English: cupidity

→ French: cupidité

→ Italian: cupidità

⇒ Vulgar Latin: *cupidietās

Old French: coveitié

⇒ Vulgar Latin: *cupidĭtia

Italian: cupidigia

desc

Old Catalan: cobesa, cobeea, cobea, cobeesa

→ Catalan: cobdícia

Old Occitan: cobezeza

Gascon: cobedessa

Languedocien: cobesiá

Provençal: cobesiá

Vivaro-Alpine: cobesiá, cobesia

Old Galician-Portuguese: cobiiça

Galician: cobiza

Portuguese: cobiça

→ Old Spanish: cubdicia

Spanish: codicia

[kʊˈpɪd̪ɪt̪äːs̠]

From cupidus (“desiring”) + -tās (“ty”).

Is, M. Messālā et M. Pupio Pīsōne cōnsulibus, rēgnī cupiditāte inductus coniūrātiōnem nōbilitātis fēcit, et cīvitātī persuāsit ut dē fīnibus suīs cum omnibus cōpiīs exīrent: perfacile esse, cum virtūte omnibus praestārent, tōtīus Galliae imperiō potīrī.

c. 52 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de Bello Gallico 1.2

He, with Marcus Messala and Marcus Piso being consuls, incited by a lust for power, formed a conspiracy amongst the nobility, and persuaded the people to come forth from their lands with all of their possessions, [saying] that it would be very easy, as they were all distinguished in valor, to acquire the supremacy over all of Gaul.

coercere omnes cupiditates


abundantia

la-noun

abundantia f (genitive abundantiae); first declension

abundantiae (genitive)
abundantia (nominative singular)
abundantiae (nominative plural)
abundantiae (genitive singular)
abundantiārum (genitive plural)
abundantiae (dative singular)
abundantiīs (dative plural)
abundantiam (accusative singular)
abundantiās (accusative plural)
abundantiā (ablative singular)
abundantiīs (ablative plural)
abundantia (singular vocative)
abundantiae (plural vocative)

Catalan: abundància

Dalmatian: bonduanza

English: abundance

French: abondance

Haitian Creole: abondans

Galician: abundancia

Italian: abbondanza

Portuguese: abundância

Romanian: abundență

Sardinian: abbunnanzia

Sicilian: abbunnànzia

Spanish: abundancia

[äbʊn̪ˈd̪än̪t̪iä]


honestas

honestās f (genitive honestātis); third declension

honestās (canonical feminine)
honestātis (genitive)
honestās (nominative singular)
honestātēs (nominative plural)
honestātis (genitive singular)
honestātum (genitive plural)
honestātī (dative singular)
honestātibus (dative plural)
honestātem (accusative singular)
honestātēs (accusative plural)
honestāte (ablative singular)
honestātibus (ablative plural)
honestās (singular vocative)
honestātēs (plural vocative)

Catalan: honestedat

Italian: onestà

Old French: honesté

French: honnêteté

desctree

→ Middle English: honeste
English: honesty
Scots: honesty

Old Spanish: onestat, onestad

Spanish: honestad, honestidad

Occitan: onestetat

Piedmontese: onestà

Portuguese: honestidade

Romanian: onestitate, onestate (obsolete)

Sicilian: unistà

[hɔˈnɛs̠t̪äːs̠]

From either honestus (“honored, having or deserving honor”) or honor (“honour”) + -(i)tās; in the former case, this would be a haplological form of *honestitās.

(by extension) (honorable) character, integrity, probity, virtue


prudens

la-adj

prūdēns (genitive prūdentis, comparative prudentior, superlative prudentissimus, adverb prūdenter); third-declension one-termination adjective

prūdēns (canonical)
prūdentis (genitive)
prudentior (comparative)
prudentissimus (superlative)
prūdenter (adverb)
prūdēns (feminine masculine neuter nominative singular)
prūdentēs (feminine masculine nominative singular)
prūdentia (neuter nominative plural)
prūdentis (feminine genitive masculine neuter singular)
prūdentium (feminine genitive masculine neuter)
prūdentī (dative feminine masculine neuter singular)
prūdentibus (dative feminine masculine neuter)
prūdentem (accusative feminine masculine singular)
prūdēns (accusative neuter singular)
prūdentēs (accusative feminine masculine singular)
prūdentia (accusative neuter plural)
prūdentī (ablative feminine masculine neuter singular)
prūdentibus (ablative feminine masculine neuter)
prūdēns (feminine masculine neuter singular vocative)
prūdentēs (feminine masculine singular vocative)
prūdentia (neuter plural vocative)

Catalan: prudent

English: prudent

French: prudent

Galician: prudente

Italian: prudente

Occitan: prudent

Piedmontese: prudent

Portuguese: prudente

Romanian: prudent

Spanish: prudente

Welsh: prudd

Contracted form of prōvidēns, present active participle of prōvideō.

skilful, knowledgeable (in a specific matter)


pudicus

pudīcus (feminine pudīca, neuter pudīcum, comparative pudīcior, superlative pudīcissimus, adverb pudīcē); first/second-declension adjective

pudīcus (canonical)
pudīca (feminine)
pudīcum (neuter)
pudīcior (comparative)
pudīcissimus (superlative)
pudīcē (adverb)
pudīcus (masculine nominative singular)
pudīca (feminine nominative singular)
pudīcum (neuter nominative singular)
pudīcī (masculine nominative singular)
pudīcae (feminine nominative plural)
pudīca (neuter nominative plural)
pudīcī (genitive masculine singular)
pudīcae (feminine genitive singular)
pudīcī (genitive neuter singular)
pudīcōrum (genitive masculine singular)
pudīcārum (feminine genitive plural)
pudīcōrum (genitive neuter plural)
pudīcō (dative masculine singular)
pudīcae (dative feminine singular)
pudīcō (dative neuter singular)
pudīcīs (dative feminine masculine neuter)
pudīcum (accusative masculine singular)
pudīcam (accusative feminine singular)
pudīcum (accusative neuter singular)
pudīcōs (accusative masculine singular)
pudīcās (accusative feminine plural)
pudīca (accusative neuter plural)
pudīcō (ablative masculine singular)
pudīcā (ablative feminine singular)
pudīcō (ablative neuter singular)
pudīcīs (ablative feminine masculine neuter)
pudīce (masculine singular vocative)
pudīca (feminine singular vocative)
pudīcum (neuter singular vocative)
pudīcī (masculine singular vocative)
pudīcae (feminine plural vocative)
pudīca (neuter plural vocative)

Catalan: púdic

English: pudic

French: pudique

Galician: púdico

Italian: pudico

Portuguese: pudico

Romanian: pudic

Spanish: púdico

virtuous, honorable or honourable, faithful


basiatio

la-noun

bāsiātiō f (genitive bāsiātiōnis); third declension

bāsiātiō (canonical feminine)
bāsiātiōnis (genitive)
bāsiātiō (nominative singular)
bāsiātiōnēs (nominative plural)
bāsiātiōnis (genitive singular)
bāsiātiōnum (genitive plural)
bāsiātiōnī (dative singular)
bāsiātiōnibus (dative plural)
bāsiātiōnem (accusative singular)
bāsiātiōnēs (accusative plural)
bāsiātiōne (ablative singular)
bāsiātiōnibus (ablative plural)
bāsiātiō (singular vocative)
bāsiātiōnēs (plural vocative)

[bäːs̠iˈäːt̪ioː]


licentia

licentia f (genitive licentiae); first declension

licentiae (genitive)
licentia (nominative singular)
licentiae (nominative plural)
licentiae (genitive singular)
licentiārum (genitive plural)
licentiae (dative singular)
licentiīs (dative plural)
licentiam (accusative singular)
licentiās (accusative plural)
licentiā (ablative singular)
licentiīs (ablative plural)
licentia (singular vocative)
licentiae (plural vocative)

English: license

French: licence

→ Galician: licenza (semi-learned)

Italian: licenza

Piedmontese: licensa

Polish: licencja

Portuguese: licença

Romanian: licență

Russian: лицензия (licenzija)

Spanish: licencia

[lʲɪˈkɛn̪t̪iä]

From licēns (“free, unrestrained”) + -ia, with licēns being the present active participle of licet (“it is allowed or permitted”).


basio

la-verb

bāsiō (present infinitive bāsiāre, perfect active bāsiāvī, supine bāsiātum); first conjugation

bāsiō (canonical)
bāsiāre (infinitive present)
bāsiāvī (active perfect)
bāsiātum (supine)
bāsiō (active first-person indicative present singular)
bāsiās (active indicative present second-person singular)
bāsiat (active indicative present singular third-person)
bāsiāmus (active first-person indicative plural present)
bāsiātis (active indicative plural present second-person)
bāsiant (active indicative plural present third-person)
bāsiābam (active first-person imperfect indicative singular)
bāsiābās (active imperfect indicative second-person singular)
bāsiābat (active imperfect indicative singular third-person)
bāsiābāmus (active first-person imperfect indicative plural)
bāsiābātis (active imperfect indicative plural second-person)
bāsiābant (active imperfect indicative plural third-person)
bāsiābō (active first-person future indicative singular)
bāsiābis (active future indicative second-person singular)
bāsiābit (active future indicative singular third-person)
bāsiābimus (active first-person future indicative plural)
bāsiābitis (active future indicative plural second-person)
bāsiābunt (active future indicative plural third-person)
bāsiāvī (active first-person indicative perfect singular)
bāsiāvistī (active indicative perfect second-person singular)
bāsiāvit (active indicative perfect singular third-person)
bāsiāvimus (active first-person indicative perfect plural)
bāsiāvistis (active indicative perfect plural second-person)
bāsiāvērunt (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
bāsiāvēre (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
bāsiāveram (active first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
bāsiāverās (active indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
bāsiāverat (active indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
bāsiāverāmus (active first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
bāsiāverātis (active indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
bāsiāverant (active indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
bāsiāverō (active first-person future indicative perfect singular)
bāsiāveris (active future indicative perfect second-person singular)
bāsiāverit (active future indicative perfect singular third-person)
bāsiāverimus (active first-person future indicative perfect plural)
bāsiāveritis (active future indicative perfect plural second-person)
bāsiāverint (active future indicative perfect plural third-person)
bāsior (first-person indicative passive present singular)
bāsiāris (indicative passive present second-person singular)
bāsiāre (indicative passive present second-person singular)
bāsiātur (indicative passive present singular third-person)
bāsiāmur (first-person indicative passive plural present)
bāsiāminī (indicative passive plural present second-person)
bāsiantur (indicative passive plural present third-person)
bāsiābar (first-person imperfect indicative passive singular)
bāsiābāris (imperfect indicative passive second-person singular)
bāsiābāre (imperfect indicative passive second-person singular)
bāsiābātur (imperfect indicative passive singular third-person)
bāsiābāmur (first-person imperfect indicative passive plural)
bāsiābāminī (imperfect indicative passive plural second-person)
bāsiābantur (imperfect indicative passive plural third-person)
bāsiābor (first-person future indicative passive singular)
bāsiāberis (future indicative passive second-person singular)
bāsiābere (future indicative passive second-person singular)
bāsiābitur (future indicative passive singular third-person)
bāsiābimur (first-person future indicative passive plural)
bāsiābiminī (future indicative passive plural second-person)
bāsiābuntur (future indicative passive plural third-person)
bāsiem (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
bāsiēs (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
bāsiet (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
bāsiēmus (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
bāsiētis (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
bāsient (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
bāsiārem (active first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
bāsiārēs (active imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
bāsiāret (active imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
bāsiārēmus (active first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
bāsiārētis (active imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
bāsiārent (active imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
bāsiāverim (active first-person perfect singular subjunctive)
bāsiāverīs (active perfect second-person singular subjunctive)
bāsiāverit (active perfect singular subjunctive third-person)
bāsiāverīmus (active first-person perfect plural subjunctive)
bāsiāverītis (active perfect plural second-person subjunctive)
bāsiāverint (active perfect plural subjunctive third-person)
bāsiāvissem (active first-person pluperfect singular subjunctive)
bāsiāvissēs (active pluperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
bāsiāvisset (active pluperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
bāsiāvissēmus (active first-person pluperfect plural subjunctive)
bāsiāvissētis (active pluperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
bāsiāvissent (active pluperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
bāsier (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
bāsiēris (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
bāsiēre (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
bāsiētur (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
bāsiēmur (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
bāsiēminī (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
bāsientur (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
bāsiārer (first-person imperfect passive singular subjunctive)
bāsiārēris (imperfect passive second-person singular subjunctive)
bāsiārēre (imperfect passive second-person singular subjunctive)
bāsiārētur (imperfect passive singular subjunctive third-person)
bāsiārēmur (first-person imperfect passive plural subjunctive)
bāsiārēminī (imperfect passive plural second-person subjunctive)
bāsiārentur (imperfect passive plural subjunctive third-person)
bāsiā (active imperative present second-person singular)
bāsiāte (active imperative plural present second-person)
bāsiātō (active future imperative second-person singular)
bāsiātō (active future imperative singular third-person)
bāsiātōte (active future imperative plural second-person)
bāsiantō (active future imperative plural third-person)
bāsiāre (imperative passive present second-person singular)
bāsiāminī (imperative passive plural present second-person)
bāsiātor (future imperative passive second-person singular)
bāsiātor (future imperative passive singular third-person)
bāsiantor (future imperative passive plural third-person)
bāsiāre (active infinitive present)
bāsiārī (infinitive passive present)
bāsiāns (active participle present)
bāsiātūrum esse (active future infinitive)
bāsiātum īrī (future infinitive passive)
bāsiātūrus (active future participle)
bāsiandus (future participle passive)
bāsiāvisse (active infinitive perfect)
bāsiātum esse (infinitive passive perfect)
bāsiātus (participle passive perfect)
bāsiātum fore (future infinitive passive perfect)
bāsiātūrum fuisse (active infinitive perfect potential)
bāsiandī (genitive gerund noun-from-verb)
bāsiandō (dative gerund noun-from-verb)
bāsiandum (accusative gerund noun-from-verb)
bāsiandō (ablative gerund noun-from-verb)
bāsiātum (accusative noun-from-verb supine)
bāsiātū (ablative noun-from-verb supine)

Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: bashu, bash, baş, bãshari

Istro-Romanian: baș, bașå

Aragonese: besar

Asturian: besar

Catalan: besar

Corsican: basgià

Dalmatian: bissur

Extremaduran: besal

Friulian: bussâ, bušâ

Gallurese: basgià

Italian: baciare

Ligurian: baxâ

Megleno-Romanian: baćcu, băćcari

Mirandese: baxâ

Neapolitan: vasare

Norman: baîsi

Leonese: beisare

Mirandese: beisar

Occitan: baisar

Old French: baisier

Middle French: baiser

French: baiser

Old Galician-Portuguese: beijar

Galician: beixar

Portuguese: beijar

Old Spanish: besar

Ladino: bezar

Spanish: besar

Piedmontese: basé

desc

Romansch: bitschar, bitschear, bitschier, bütschar, bütscher

Sassarese: basgià

Sardinian: basai, basare, vasare

Sicilian: baciari, vasari

Venetan: baxar

Amīcum suum bāsiāvit


firmitas

la-noun

firmitās f (genitive firmitātis); third declension

firmitās (canonical feminine)
firmitātis (genitive)
firmitās (nominative singular)
firmitātēs (nominative plural)
firmitātis (genitive singular)
firmitātum (genitive plural)
firmitātī (dative singular)
firmitātibus (dative plural)
firmitātem (accusative singular)
firmitātēs (accusative plural)
firmitāte (ablative singular)
firmitātibus (ablative plural)
firmitās (singular vocative)
firmitātēs (plural vocative)

→ French: fermeté (first half adapted to ferme)

[ˈfɪrmɪt̪äːs̠]

From firmus (“stable, strong, firm; steadfast, true”) + -tās.


auctoritas

la-noun

auctōritās f (genitive auctōritātis); third declension

auctōritās (canonical feminine)
auctōritātis (genitive)
auctōritās (nominative singular)
auctōritātēs (nominative plural)
auctōritātis (genitive singular)
auctōritātum (genitive plural)
auctōritātī (dative singular)
auctōritātibus (dative plural)
auctōritātem (accusative singular)
auctōritātēs (accusative plural)
auctōritāte (ablative singular)
auctōritātibus (ablative plural)
auctōritās (singular vocative)
auctōritātēs (plural vocative)

Catalan: autoritat

Galician: autoridade

Italian: autorità

desctree

Old French: autorité
→ Middle Dutch: auctoriteit
Dutch: autoriteit
→ Indonesian: otoritet → otoritas
Middle French: auctorité
French: autorité
→ Romanian: autoritate
→ Middle English: auctorite, auctoritee, auctoryte, autorite, autoritee, autoryte, awtorite, outorytye
English: authority
Scots: authority, authoritie

Portuguese: autoridade

Spanish: autoridad

→ German: Autorität
→ Polish: autorytet
→ Ukrainian: авторитет (avtorytet)

→ Old Irish: augtortas

Middle Irish: augtardas

Irish: údarás

→ Proto-Brythonic: *audʉrdọd

Middle Welsh: awdurdawt

Welsh: awdurdod

[äu̯kˈt̪oːrɪt̪äːs̠]

From auctor (“seller, vendor, author; (figuratively) authorship, agency, encouragement”) + -tās.


bonitas

la-noun

bonitās f (genitive bonitātis); third declension

bonitās (canonical feminine)
bonitātis (genitive)
bonitās (nominative singular)
bonitātēs (nominative plural)
bonitātis (genitive singular)
bonitātum (genitive plural)
bonitātī (dative singular)
bonitātibus (dative plural)
bonitātem (accusative singular)
bonitātēs (accusative plural)
bonitāte (ablative singular)
bonitātibus (ablative plural)
bonitās (singular vocative)
bonitātēs (plural vocative)

Aromanian: bunãtati, bunãtate

Asturian: bondá

Catalan: bondat

Franco-Provençal: bontât

Friulian: bontât

Italian: bontà

Occitan: bontat

Old French: bonté

Anglo-Norman: bounté

→ English: bounty

French: bonté

Portuguese: bondade

Romanian: bunătate

Sicilian: buntati

Spanish: bondad

Walloon: bounté

[ˈbɔnɪt̪äːs̠]

From bonus (“good, honest, kind”) + -tās.

Good, honest or friendly conduct; virtue, integrity, blamelessness.


honestus

la-adj

honestus (feminine honesta, neuter honestum, comparative honestior, superlative honestissimus); first/second-declension adjective

honesta (feminine)
honestum (neuter)
honestior (comparative)
honestissimus (superlative)
honestus (masculine nominative singular)
honesta (feminine nominative singular)
honestum (neuter nominative singular)
honestī (masculine nominative singular)
honestae (feminine nominative plural)
honesta (neuter nominative plural)
honestī (genitive masculine singular)
honestae (feminine genitive singular)
honestī (genitive neuter singular)
honestōrum (genitive masculine singular)
honestārum (feminine genitive plural)
honestōrum (genitive neuter plural)
honestō (dative masculine singular)
honestae (dative feminine singular)
honestō (dative neuter singular)
honestīs (dative feminine masculine neuter)
honestum (accusative masculine singular)
honestam (accusative feminine singular)
honestum (accusative neuter singular)
honestōs (accusative masculine singular)
honestās (accusative feminine plural)
honesta (accusative neuter plural)
honestō (ablative masculine singular)
honestā (ablative feminine singular)
honestō (ablative neuter singular)
honestīs (ablative feminine masculine neuter)
honeste (masculine singular vocative)
honesta (feminine singular vocative)
honestum (neuter singular vocative)
honestī (masculine singular vocative)
honestae (feminine plural vocative)
honesta (neuter plural vocative)

Catalan: honest

English: honest

French: honnête

Italian: onesto

Norman: honnête (Jersey)

Occitan: onèst

Piedmontese: onest

Old Galician-Portuguese: onesto

Galician: honesto

Portuguese: honesto

Romanian: onest

Sicilian: anestu

Spanish: honesto

[hɔˈnɛs̠t̪ʊs̠]

From honor, honos (“honor or honour, esteem”) + -tus.

af

(of one's appearance) Fine, handsome, beautiful, becoming, noble.


avaritia

la-noun

avāritia f (genitive avāritiae); first declension

avāritia (canonical feminine)
avāritiae (genitive)
avāritia (nominative singular)
avāritiae (nominative plural)
avāritiae (genitive singular)
avāritiārum (genitive plural)
avāritiae (dative singular)
avāritiīs (dative plural)
avāritiam (accusative singular)
avāritiās (accusative plural)
avāritiā (ablative singular)
avāritiīs (ablative plural)
avāritia (singular vocative)
avāritiae (plural vocative)

Catalan: avarícia

desctree

Old French: avarice
→ English: avarice
French: avarice

Italian: avarizia

Polish: awarycja

Portuguese: avareza, avarícia

Romanian: avariție

Spanish: avaricia

[äu̯äːˈrɪt̪iä]

[äväˈrit̪ː͡s̪iä]

From avārus (“greedy, avaricious, covetous”) + -itia, from aveō (“wish, desire, long for, crave”).

af

A greedy desire for possessions or gain; avarice, greed, greediness, covetousness, rapacity.


pietas

la-noun

pietās f (genitive pietātis); third declension

pietās (canonical feminine)
pietātis (genitive)
pietās (nominative singular)
pietātēs (nominative plural)
pietātis (genitive singular)
pietātum (genitive plural)
pietātī (dative singular)
pietātibus (dative plural)
pietātem (accusative singular)
pietātēs (accusative plural)
pietāte (ablative singular)
pietātibus (ablative plural)
pietās (singular vocative)
pietātēs (plural vocative)

Friulian: pietât

Italian: pietà

Old Occitan:

Occitan: pietat

Old Catalan: piadat

Catalan: pietat

Old French: pité, pitet

English: piety, pity

French: piété, pitié

Old Galician-Portuguese: piedade

Galician: piedade, piedá

Portuguese: piedade

Old Spanish: piedat, piedad, piadad

Spanish: piedad

Romanian: pietate

Sicilian: piità, piitati

[ˈpiɛt̪äːs̠]

From Proto-Italic *pwījotāts. Equivalent to pius (“pious, devout”) + -tās (“-ty, -dom”).

suffix

quidve dolēns rēgīna deum tot volvere cāsūs
īnsignem pietāte virum tot adīre labōrēs
impulerit.
Or what [was] aggrieving the queen of the gods that she would have driven a man – distinguished by [his] piety – to so many turns of misfortunes, [and] to undergo so many trials?
(These opening lines pose the epic’s enduring question: How can it be that someone dutifully responsible to gods, family, and country – the ancient Roman ideal of “pietās” – should nevertheless suffer? Notes: “of the gods” [de(ōr)um]: genitive plural; “[she] would have driven” [impulerit]: perfect active subjunctive. See: Pietas.)

dutiful conduct, sense of duty and responsibility

(to the gods) piety, conscientiousness, scrupulousness

(to one's parents, children, relatives, country, benefactors, etc.) duty, dutifulness, affection, love, loyalty, patriotism, gratitude

to one's parents; children; relatives; benefactors; to one's parents; children; relatives; benefactors

gentleness, kindness, tenderness, pity, compassion


pudicitia

la-noun

pudīcitia f (genitive pudīcitiae); first declension

pudīcitia (canonical feminine)
pudīcitiae (genitive)
pudīcitia (nominative singular)
pudīcitiae (nominative plural)
pudīcitiae (genitive singular)
pudīcitiārum (genitive plural)
pudīcitiae (dative singular)
pudīcitiīs (dative plural)
pudīcitiam (accusative singular)
pudīcitiās (accusative plural)
pudīcitiā (ablative singular)
pudīcitiīs (ablative plural)
pudīcitia (singular vocative)
pudīcitiae (plural vocative)

→ English: pudicity

→ Italian: pudicizia

→ Portuguese: pudicícia

From pudīcus (“chaste; modest, shamefaced”) + -itia, from pudet (“it shames”).

af

chastity, virtue; shamefacedness, modesty


amor

la-noun

amor m (genitive amōris); third declension

amōris (genitive)
amor (nominative singular)
amōrēs (nominative plural)
amōris (genitive singular)
amōrum (genitive plural)
amōrī (dative singular)
amōribus (dative plural)
amōrem (accusative singular)
amōrēs (accusative plural)
amōre (ablative singular)
amōribus (ablative plural)
amor (singular vocative)
amōrēs (plural vocative)

Dalmatian:

amaur

Italo-Romance:

Corsican: amore, amori

Italian: amore

Neapolitan: ammore

Sicilian: amuri

Sardinian:

amore, amori, more

Padanian:

Friulian: amôr

Istriot: amure

Piedmontese: amor

Romagnol: amôr (Central Romagna)

Romansch: amur

Venetan: amor

Northern Gallo-Romance:

desctree

Old French: amor, amur
Middle French: amour
French: amour
→ Middle English: amour, amoure, amur
English: amour, amor
Middle Scots: amour
Norman: amour

Southern Gallo-Romance:

Catalan: amor

Occitan: amor

Ibero-Romance:

Aragonese: amor

Extremaduran: amol

Mozarabic: אמורי ('mwry)

Old Leonese:

Asturian: amor

Mirandese: amor

Leonese: amor

Old Galician-Portuguese: amor

Galician: amor

Portuguese: amor

Old Spanish:

Ladino: amor

Spanish: amor

Borrowings:

→ Icelandic: amor

→ Romanian: amor

aut quam sidera multa, cum tacet nox, / furtivos hominum vident amores: / tam te basia multa basiare / vesano satis et super Catullo'st

or as many as the stars, when the night is silent, watching people's secret love affairs: for you to kiss these many kisses / would be more than enough for frenzied Catullus...


frugalis

la-adj

frūgālis (neuter frūgāle, comparative frūgālior, superlative frūgālissimus, adverb frūgāliter); third-declension two-termination adjective

frūgālis (canonical)
frūgāle (neuter)
frūgālior (comparative)
frūgālissimus (superlative)
frūgāliter (adverb)
frūgālis (feminine masculine nominative singular)
frūgāle (neuter nominative singular)
frūgālēs (feminine masculine nominative singular)
frūgālia (neuter nominative plural)
frūgālis (feminine genitive masculine neuter singular)
frūgālium (feminine genitive masculine neuter)
frūgālī (dative feminine masculine neuter singular)
frūgālibus (dative feminine masculine neuter)
frūgālem (accusative feminine masculine singular)
frūgāle (accusative neuter singular)
frūgālēs (accusative feminine masculine singular)
frūgālīs (accusative feminine masculine singular)
frūgālia (accusative neuter plural)
frūgālī (ablative feminine masculine neuter singular)
frūgālibus (ablative feminine masculine neuter)
frūgālis (feminine masculine singular vocative)
frūgāle (neuter singular vocative)
frūgālēs (feminine masculine singular vocative)
frūgālia (neuter plural vocative)

Catalan: frugal

English: frugal

French: frugal

Galician: frugal

Italian: frugale

Portuguese: frugal

Romanian: frugal

Spanish: frugal

[fruːˈɡäːlʲɪs̠]

From frūx (“fruits of the earth, produce”), usually in plural frūgēs + -ālis.

(Late Latin) economical, frugal, thrifty


condicio

la-noun

condiciō f (genitive condiciōnis); third declension

condiciō (canonical feminine)
condiciōnis (genitive)
condiciō (nominative singular)
condiciōnēs (nominative plural)
condiciōnis (genitive singular)
condiciōnum (genitive plural)
condiciōnī (dative singular)
condiciōnibus (dative plural)
condiciōnem (accusative singular)
condiciōnēs (accusative plural)
condiciōne (ablative singular)
condiciōnibus (ablative plural)
condiciō (singular vocative)
condiciōnēs (plural vocative)

Asturian: condición

Catalan: condició

Dutch: conditie

Old French: condicion

→ Middle English: condicioun

English: condition

Middle French: condition

French: condition

Galician: condición

German: Kondition

Italian: condizione

Occitan: condicion

Portuguese: condição

Romanian: condiție

Russian: конди́ция (kondícija)

Spanish: condición

Swedish: kondition

From condīcō (“I agree upon, promise; fix”) + -iō (with the zero-grade ablaut variant of the root -dic-), from con- (“with”) + dīcō (“I say, speak”). Compare conditiō.


consuetudo

la-noun

cōnsuētūdō f (genitive cōnsuētūdinis); third declension

cōnsuētūdō (canonical feminine)
cōnsuētūdinis (genitive)
cōnsuētūdō (nominative singular)
cōnsuētūdinēs (nominative plural)
cōnsuētūdinis (genitive singular)
cōnsuētūdinum (genitive plural)
cōnsuētūdinī (dative singular)
cōnsuētūdinibus (dative plural)
cōnsuētūdinem (accusative singular)
cōnsuētūdinēs (accusative plural)
cōnsuētūdine (ablative singular)
cōnsuētūdinibus (ablative plural)
cōnsuētūdō (singular vocative)
cōnsuētūdinēs (plural vocative)

Italo-Romance:

desctree

Italian: costume
→ French: costume (see there for further descendants)

Padanian:

Piedmontese: costuma, costum

Gallo-Romance:

Old Catalan: costuma, costum

Catalan: costum

Franco-Provençal: cotema

Old French: coustume (see there for further descendants)

Occitan: costuma

Ibero-Romance:

desc

Old Galician-Portuguese: costume, custume

Galician: costume

Portuguese: costume

Spanish: costumbre

Borrowings:

→ Catalan: consuetud

→ Italian: consuetudine

desctree

→ Old French: consuetude
Middle French: consuetude
French: consuétude
→ Middle English: consuetude
English: consuetude

→ Spanish: consuetud

[kõːs̠u̯eːˈt̪uːd̪oː]

From cōnsuēscō (“accustom, habituate; accustom oneself”) + -tūdō, from con- (“with”) + suēscō (“become used or accustomed to; accustom, train”).

affix

An intercourse in love, intimacy; love affair, amour, illicit intercourse.


virtuosus

la-adj

virtuōsus (feminine virtuōsa, neuter virtuōsum); first/second-declension adjective

virtuōsus (canonical)
virtuōsa (feminine)
virtuōsum (neuter)
virtuōsus (masculine nominative singular)
virtuōsa (feminine nominative singular)
virtuōsum (neuter nominative singular)
virtuōsī (masculine nominative singular)
virtuōsae (feminine nominative plural)
virtuōsa (neuter nominative plural)
virtuōsī (genitive masculine singular)
virtuōsae (feminine genitive singular)
virtuōsī (genitive neuter singular)
virtuōsōrum (genitive masculine singular)
virtuōsārum (feminine genitive plural)
virtuōsōrum (genitive neuter plural)
virtuōsō (dative masculine singular)
virtuōsae (dative feminine singular)
virtuōsō (dative neuter singular)
virtuōsīs (dative feminine masculine neuter)
virtuōsum (accusative masculine singular)
virtuōsam (accusative feminine singular)
virtuōsum (accusative neuter singular)
virtuōsōs (accusative masculine singular)
virtuōsās (accusative feminine plural)
virtuōsa (accusative neuter plural)
virtuōsō (ablative masculine singular)
virtuōsā (ablative feminine singular)
virtuōsō (ablative neuter singular)
virtuōsīs (ablative feminine masculine neuter)
virtuōse (masculine singular vocative)
virtuōsa (feminine singular vocative)
virtuōsum (neuter singular vocative)
virtuōsī (masculine singular vocative)
virtuōsae (feminine plural vocative)
virtuōsa (neuter plural vocative)

Aromanian: vãrtos

Catalan: virtuós

Old French:

Anglo-Norman: vertuous, vertous

→ Middle English: vertuous

English: virtuous

French: vertueux

Galician: virtuoso

desctree

Italian: virtuoso
→ English: virtuoso
→ French: virtuose
→ Russian: виртуоз (virtuoz)
→ Georgian: ვირტუოზი (virṭuozi)
→ Swedish: virtuos

Occitan: virtuós

Piedmontese: virtuos

Portuguese: virtuoso

Romanian: vârtos, virtuos

Russian: виртуозный (virtuoznyj)

Spanish: virtuoso

Found in Late Latin. From virtūs + -ōsus.


luxuria

la-noun

lū̆xuria f (genitive lū̆xuriae); first declension

lū̆xuria (canonical feminine)
lū̆xuriae (genitive)
lū̆xuria (nominative singular)
lū̆xuriae (nominative plural)
lū̆xuriae (genitive singular)
lū̆xuriārum (genitive plural)
lū̆xuriae (dative singular)
lū̆xuriīs (dative plural)
lū̆xuriam (accusative singular)
lū̆xuriās (accusative plural)
lū̆xuriā (ablative singular)
lū̆xuriīs (ablative plural)
lū̆xuria (singular vocative)
lū̆xuriae (plural vocative)

→ English: luxury

→ French: luxure

Old French: luisoire, luissoire

Friulian: lussurie

→ Italian: lussuria

→ Piedmontese: lussuria

→ Portuguese: luxúria

→ Romanian: luxurie

→ Spanish: lujuria

[ɫ̪uːkˈs̠ʊriä]

[ɫ̪ʊkˈs̠ʊriä]

From lū̆xus (“excess”) + -ia. Ernout and Meillet suggests that the -ur- suffix (found here before -ia) can be identified with the "desiderative" suffix -turiō, as seen in ēsuriēs (“hunger”). De Vaan proposes an intermediate adjective *luxuros without elaborating further on its etymology.


prudentia

prūdentia f (genitive prūdentiae); first declension

prūdentia (canonical feminine)
prūdentiae (genitive)
prūdentia (nominative singular)
prūdentiae (nominative plural)
prūdentiae (genitive singular)
prūdentiārum (genitive plural)
prūdentiae (dative singular)
prūdentiīs (dative plural)
prūdentiam (accusative singular)
prūdentiās (accusative plural)
prūdentiā (ablative singular)
prūdentiīs (ablative plural)
prūdentia (singular vocative)
prūdentiae (plural vocative)

Catalan: prudència

French: prudence

Friulian: prudence

Galician: prudencia

Italian: prudenza

Occitan: prudéncia

Piedmontese: prudensa

Portuguese: prudência

Romanian: prudență

Sicilian: prudenzia

Spanish: prudencia

From prūdēns + -ia. Compare prōvidentia.

sagacity, prudence, discretion, discreetness


affectus

affectus m (genitive affectūs); fourth declension

affectūs (genitive)
affectus (nominative singular)
affectūs (nominative plural)
affectūs (genitive singular)
affectuum (genitive plural)
affectuī (dative singular)
affectibus (dative plural)
affectum (accusative singular)
affectūs (accusative plural)
affectū (ablative singular)
affectibus (ablative plural)
affectus (singular vocative)
affectūs (plural vocative)

Asturian: afeutu

Galician: afeito, afeuto

Italian: affetto

→ Catalan: afecte

→ Dutch: affect
→ Indonesian: afek

→ Portuguese: afeto (semi-learned)

→ Spanish: afecto

From afficiō (“I affect”) + -tus (action noun-forming suffix).


studiosus

la-adj

studiōsus (feminine studiōsa, neuter studiōsum, comparative studiōsior, superlative studiōsissimus, adverb studiōsē); first/second-declension adjective

studiōsus (canonical)
studiōsa (feminine)
studiōsum (neuter)
studiōsior (comparative)
studiōsissimus (superlative)
studiōsē (adverb)
studiōsus (masculine nominative singular)
studiōsa (feminine nominative singular)
studiōsum (neuter nominative singular)
studiōsī (masculine nominative singular)
studiōsae (feminine nominative plural)
studiōsa (neuter nominative plural)
studiōsī (genitive masculine singular)
studiōsae (feminine genitive singular)
studiōsī (genitive neuter singular)
studiōsōrum (genitive masculine singular)
studiōsārum (feminine genitive plural)
studiōsōrum (genitive neuter plural)
studiōsō (dative masculine singular)
studiōsae (dative feminine singular)
studiōsō (dative neuter singular)
studiōsīs (dative feminine masculine neuter)
studiōsum (accusative masculine singular)
studiōsam (accusative feminine singular)
studiōsum (accusative neuter singular)
studiōsōs (accusative masculine singular)
studiōsās (accusative feminine plural)
studiōsa (accusative neuter plural)
studiōsō (ablative masculine singular)
studiōsā (ablative feminine singular)
studiōsō (ablative neuter singular)
studiōsīs (ablative feminine masculine neuter)
studiōse (masculine singular vocative)
studiōsa (feminine singular vocative)
studiōsum (neuter singular vocative)
studiōsī (masculine singular vocative)
studiōsae (feminine plural vocative)
studiōsa (neuter plural vocative)

Catalan: estudiós

→ English: studious

French: studieux

Galician: estudioso

→ German: Studiosus

Italian: studioso

Portuguese: estudioso

Romanian: studios

Spanish: estudioso

[s̠t̪ʊd̪iˈoːs̠ʊs̠]


cupidus

cupidus (feminine cupida, neuter cupidum, comparative cupidior, superlative cupidissimus); first/second-declension adjective

cupida (feminine)
cupidum (neuter)
cupidior (comparative)
cupidissimus (superlative)
cupidus (masculine nominative singular)
cupida (feminine nominative singular)
cupidum (neuter nominative singular)
cupidī (masculine nominative singular)
cupidae (feminine nominative plural)
cupida (neuter nominative plural)
cupidī (genitive masculine singular)
cupidae (feminine genitive singular)
cupidī (genitive neuter singular)
cupidōrum (genitive masculine singular)
cupidārum (feminine genitive plural)
cupidōrum (genitive neuter plural)
cupidō (dative masculine singular)
cupidae (dative feminine singular)
cupidō (dative neuter singular)
cupidīs (dative feminine masculine neuter)
cupidum (accusative masculine singular)
cupidam (accusative feminine singular)
cupidum (accusative neuter singular)
cupidōs (accusative masculine singular)
cupidās (accusative feminine plural)
cupida (accusative neuter plural)
cupidō (ablative masculine singular)
cupidā (ablative feminine singular)
cupidō (ablative neuter singular)
cupidīs (ablative feminine masculine neuter)
cupide (masculine singular vocative)
cupida (feminine singular vocative)
cupidum (neuter singular vocative)
cupidī (masculine singular vocative)
cupidae (feminine plural vocative)
cupida (neuter plural vocative)

Old Catalan: cobeu

Old Occitan: cobe ⇒ coubés

⇒ Provençal: coube, coubi

→ Old Catalan: cobés

→ French: cupide

→ Italian: cupido

→ Welsh: cybydd

[ˈkʊpɪd̪ʊs̠]

pacis cupidus

eager, desirous, passionate, fond (+ genitive or + in ablative)


humanitas

la-noun

hūmānitās f (genitive hūmānitātis); third declension

hūmānitās (canonical feminine)
hūmānitātis (genitive)
hūmānitās (nominative singular)
hūmānitātēs (nominative plural)
hūmānitātis (genitive singular)
hūmānitātum (genitive plural)
hūmānitātī (dative singular)
hūmānitātibus (dative plural)
hūmānitātem (accusative singular)
hūmānitātēs (accusative plural)
hūmānitāte (ablative singular)
hūmānitātibus (ablative plural)
hūmānitās (singular vocative)
hūmānitātēs (plural vocative)

→ Catalan: humanitat

→ English: humanity

→ German: Humanität

→ French: humanité

→ Italian: umanità

→ Old Galician-Portuguese: humanidade

desc

Galician: humanidade, humanidá (traditional but proscribed)

Portuguese: humanidade

→ Romanian: umanitate

→ Spanish: humanidad

From hūmānus (“human”) + -tās; coined by Cicero as a calque of Ancient Greek φιλανθρωπία (philanthrōpía).


salubritas

la-noun

salūbritās f (genitive salūbritātis); third declension

salūbritās (canonical feminine)
salūbritātis (genitive)
salūbritās (nominative singular)
salūbritātēs (nominative plural)
salūbritātis (genitive singular)
salūbritātum (genitive plural)
salūbritātī (dative singular)
salūbritātibus (dative plural)
salūbritātem (accusative singular)
salūbritātēs (accusative plural)
salūbritāte (ablative singular)
salūbritātibus (ablative plural)
salūbritās (singular vocative)
salūbritātēs (plural vocative)

English: salubrity

French: salubrité

Italian: salubrità

Portuguese: salubridade

Romanian: salubritate

Spanish: salubridad

[s̠äˈɫ̪uːbrɪt̪äːs̠]


severitas

sevēritās f (genitive sevēritātis); third declension

sevēritās (canonical feminine)
sevēritātis (genitive)
sevēritās (nominative singular)
sevēritātēs (nominative plural)
sevēritātis (genitive singular)
sevēritātum (genitive plural)
sevēritātī (dative singular)
sevēritātibus (dative plural)
sevēritātem (accusative singular)
sevēritātēs (accusative plural)
sevēritāte (ablative singular)
sevēritātibus (ablative plural)
sevēritās (singular vocative)
sevēritātēs (plural vocative)

Catalan: severitat

English: severity

French: sévérité

Galician: severidade

Italian: severità

Portuguese: severidade

Sicilian: sivirità

Spanish: severidad

seriousness, gravity, sternness, strictness, severity


temperantia

temperantia f (genitive temperantiae); first declension

temperantiae (genitive)
temperantia (nominative singular)
temperantiae (nominative plural)
temperantiae (genitive singular)
temperantiārum (genitive plural)
temperantiae (dative singular)
temperantiīs (dative plural)
temperantiam (accusative singular)
temperantiās (accusative plural)
temperantiā (ablative singular)
temperantiīs (ablative plural)
temperantia (singular vocative)
temperantiae (plural vocative)

Inherited:

Catalan: temprança

Italian: tempranza

Spanish: templanza

Borrowed:

→ Catalan: temperància

→ English: temperance

→ French: tempérance

→ Italian: temperanza

→ Portuguese: temperança

→ Romanian: temperanță

→ Spanish: temperancia

moderation, sobriety, temperance, self control, sophrosyne


coniugium

coniugium n (genitive coniugiī or coniugī); second declension

coniugiī (genitive)
coniugī (genitive)
coniugium (nominative singular)
coniugia (nominative plural)
coniugiī (genitive singular)
coniugī (genitive singular)
coniugiōrum (genitive plural)
coniugiō (dative singular)
coniugiīs (dative plural)
coniugium (accusative singular)
coniugia (accusative plural)
coniugiō (ablative singular)
coniugiīs (ablative plural)
coniugium (singular vocative)
coniugia (plural vocative)

Sardinian: cojuju

→ Italian: coniugio

[kɔnˈi̯ʊɡiʊ̃ˑ]


frugalitas

frūgālitās f (genitive frūgālitātis); third declension

frūgālitās (canonical feminine)
frūgālitātis (genitive)
frūgālitās (nominative singular)
frūgālitātēs (nominative plural)
frūgālitātis (genitive singular)
frūgālitātum (genitive plural)
frūgālitātī (dative singular)
frūgālitātibus (dative plural)
frūgālitātem (accusative singular)
frūgālitātēs (accusative plural)
frūgālitāte (ablative singular)
frūgālitātibus (ablative plural)
frūgālitās (singular vocative)
frūgālitātēs (plural vocative)

Catalan: frugalitat

French: frugalité

Galician: frugalidade

Italian: frugalità

Portuguese: frugalidade

Romanian: frugalitate

Spanish: frugalidad


amasius

amāsius m (genitive amāsiī or amāsī); second declension

amāsius (canonical masculine)
amāsiī (genitive)
amāsī (genitive)
amāsius (nominative singular)
amāsiī (nominative plural)
amāsiī (genitive singular)
amāsī (genitive singular)
amāsiōrum (genitive plural)
amāsiō (dative singular)
amāsiīs (dative plural)
amāsium (accusative singular)
amāsiōs (accusative plural)
amāsiō (ablative singular)
amāsiīs (ablative plural)
amāsie (singular vocative)
amāsiī (plural vocative)

Italian: amasio

→ English: amasius

[äˈmäːs̠iʊs̠]

nunc ego istos mundulos urbanos amasios

c. 189 BCE, Plautus, Truculentus 3.1.14–15

Now those finicky town bed-hoppers
with this one stroke shall I send adrift and toss them all outside

hoc ictu exponam atque omnis eiciam foras


catamitus

catamītus m (genitive catamītī); second declension

catamītus (canonical masculine)
catamītī (genitive)
catamītus (nominative singular)
catamītī (nominative plural)
catamītī (genitive singular)
catamītōrum (genitive plural)
catamītō (dative singular)
catamītīs (dative plural)
catamītum (accusative singular)
catamītōs (accusative plural)
catamītō (ablative singular)
catamītīs (ablative plural)
catamīte (singular vocative)
catamītī (plural vocative)

→ English: catamite

→ Finnish: katamiitti

→ French: catamite

→ Portuguese: catamita

→ Russian: катами́т (katamít)

[kät̪äˈmiːt̪ʊs̠]

From Catamītus, from Etruscan 𐌂𐌀𐌕𐌌𐌉𐌕𐌄 (catmite), from Ancient Greek Γανυμήδης (Ganumḗdēs, “Ganymede”), an attractive Trojan boy supposedly abducted to Mount Olympus by the god Zeus to become his cupbearer and lover. Doublet of Ganymēdēs.

der

catamite: a boy or younger man in a homoerotic relationship with an older man


vitiositas

la-noun

vitiōsitās f (genitive vitiōsitātis); third declension

vitiōsitās (canonical feminine)
vitiōsitātis (genitive)
vitiōsitās (nominative singular)
vitiōsitātis (genitive singular)
vitiōsitātī (dative singular)
vitiōsitātem (accusative singular)
vitiōsitāte (ablative singular)
vitiōsitās (singular vocative)

[u̯ɪt̪iˈoːs̠ɪt̪äːs̠]


puer delicatus

puer dēlicātus m (genitive puerī dēlicātī); second declension

puer dēlicātus (canonical masculine)
puerī dēlicātī (genitive)
puer dēlicātus (nominative singular)
puerī dēlicātī (nominative plural)
puerī dēlicātī (genitive singular)
puerōrum dēlicātōrum (genitive plural)
puerō dēlicātō (dative singular)
puerīs dēlicātīs (dative plural)
puerum dēlicātum (accusative singular)
puerōs dēlicātōs (accusative plural)
puerō dēlicātō (ablative singular)
puerīs dēlicātīs (ablative plural)
puer dēlicāte (singular vocative)
puerī dēlicātī (plural vocative)

[ˈpuɛr d̪eːlʲɪˈkäːt̪ʊs̠]

a prepubescent or adolescent boy who served as a sex slave, chosen for his supposed beauty