aedilis

la-noun

aedīlis m (genitive aedīlis); third declension

aedīlis (canonical masculine)
aedīlis (genitive)
aedīlis (nominative singular)
aedīlēs (nominative plural)
aedīlis (genitive singular)
aedīlium (genitive plural)
aedīlī (dative singular)
aedīlibus (dative plural)
aedīlem (accusative singular)
aedīlēs (accusative plural)
aedīlīs (accusative plural)
aedīlī (ablative singular)
aedīlibus (ablative plural)
aedīlis (singular vocative)
aedīlēs (plural vocative)

→ Catalan: edil (learned)

→ English: aedile

→ French: édile

→ German: Ädil

→ Ancient Greek: αἰδίλης (aidílēs)

→ Portuguese: edil

→ Spanish: edil

[äe̯ˈd̪iːlʲɪs̠]

From Proto-Italic *aiðīlis. See aedēs (“building”) (< Proto-Italic *aiðes, genitive of *aits, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éydʰ-s, from *h₂eydʰ- (“to ignite; fire”)).


Lazarus

la-proper noun

Lāzārus m (genitive Lāzārī); second declension

Lāzārus (canonical masculine)
Lāzārī (genitive)
Lāzārus (nominative singular)
Lāzārī (nominative plural)
Lāzārī (genitive singular)
Lāzārōrum (genitive plural)
Lāzārō (dative singular)
Lāzārīs (dative plural)
Lāzārum (accusative singular)
Lāzārōs (accusative plural)
Lāzārō (ablative singular)
Lāzārīs (ablative plural)
Lāzāre (singular vocative)
Lāzārī (plural vocative)

English: Lazarus, lazar

French: Lazare

Italian: lazzaro

[ɫ̪äːz̪ˈd̪͡z̪äːrʊs̠]

From Koine Greek Λᾱ́ζᾱρος (Lā́zāros), the given name of the Biblical character found in Luke 16, from Biblical Hebrew אֶלְעָזָר (“Eleazar”), a given name shared by various figures in the Hebrew Bible and literally meaning "God has helped".


exactor

la-noun

exāctor m (genitive exāctōris); third declension

exāctor (canonical masculine)
exāctōris (genitive)
exāctor (nominative singular)
exāctōrēs (nominative plural)
exāctōris (genitive singular)
exāctōrum (genitive plural)
exāctōrī (dative singular)
exāctōribus (dative plural)
exāctōrem (accusative singular)
exāctōrēs (accusative plural)
exāctōre (ablative singular)
exāctōribus (ablative plural)
exāctor (singular vocative)
exāctōrēs (plural vocative)

Catalan: exactor

Galician: exactor

Italian: esattore

Portuguese: exator

Spanish: exactor

[ɛkˈs̠äːkt̪ɔr]


galla

galla f (genitive gallae); first declension

gallae (genitive)
galla (nominative singular)
gallae (nominative plural)
gallae (genitive singular)
gallārum (genitive plural)
gallae (dative singular)
gallīs (dative plural)
gallam (accusative singular)
gallās (accusative plural)
gallā (ablative singular)
gallīs (ablative plural)
galla (singular vocative)
gallae (plural vocative)

Catalan: gala, agalla

→ English: gall

French: galle

Italian: galla

Portuguese: galha, galho

→ Russian: галл (gall)

Spanish: galla, gajo

There are various hypotheses:
* Perhaps from or influenced by Germanic, if the sense is "poison-sore"; see Proto-Germanic *gallǭ (English gall).
* From Proto-Indo-European *gel- (“form into a ball; ball”). Cognate with Latin glaeba, glomus and Proto-Germanic *klumpô (“mass, lump, clump; clasp”).

cog

proderit et tunsum gallae admiscere saporem […]

c. 37 BCE – 30 BCE, Virgil, Georgics 4.267

It is good too to blend a taste of pounded oak apples […]


biblia

la-noun

biblia n pl (genitive bibliōrum); second declension

bibliōrum (genitive)
biblia (nominative plural)
bibliōrum (genitive plural)
bibliīs (dative plural)
biblia (accusative plural)
bibliīs (ablative plural)
biblia (plural vocative)

Alternative letter-case form of Biblia (“the Bible”)


biblia

biblia f (genitive bibliae); first declension

bibliae (genitive)
biblia (nominative singular)
bibliae (nominative plural)
bibliae (genitive singular)
bibliārum (genitive plural)
bibliae (dative singular)
bibliīs (dative plural)
bibliam (accusative singular)
bibliās (accusative plural)
bibliā (ablative singular)
bibliīs (ablative plural)
biblia (singular vocative)
bibliae (plural vocative)


Ephraim

[ɛˈpʰräːɪ̃ˑ]

From the Ancient Greek Ἐφραΐμ (Ephraḯm), from the Biblical Hebrew אֶפְרַיִם (Efráyim).

Ephraim (son of Joseph, progenitor of one of the twelve tribes of Israel)


aclys

āclys f (genitive āclydis); third declension

āclys (canonical feminine)
āclydis (genitive)
āclys (nominative singular)
āclydes (nominative plural)
āclydēs (nominative plural)
āclydis (genitive singular)
āclydum (genitive plural)
āclydī (dative singular)
āclydibus (dative plural)
āclyda (accusative singular)
āclydem (accusative singular)
āclydas (accusative plural)
āclydēs (accusative plural)
āclyde (ablative singular)
āclydibus (ablative plural)
āclys (singular vocative)
āclydes (plural vocative)
āclydēs (plural vocative)

First attested in Virgil’s Aeneid, taken from the Ancient Greek ἀγκῠλῐ́ς (ankulís, “hook”, “barb”).

der

Teretes sunt aclydes illis
tela, sed haec lento mos est aptare flagello.
Their arms are tapered javelins, which they wear bound by a coiling thong. ― tr.: T.C. Williams, The Æneid of Virgil translated into English verse (1908), bk vii, p. 253

29–19 BC, P. Vergilius Maro (aut.), J.B. Greenough (ed.), Aeneis in The Bucolics, Æneid, and Georgics of Virgil (1900), bk vii, ll. 730f.

Iamque Ebusus Phoenissa movet, movet Arbacus arma,

c.''' AD 83–96, Ti. Catius Asconius Silius Italicus (aut.), J.D. Duff (ed.), Punica I (1927), bk iii, ll. 362f (p. 140)

Now Phoenician Ebusus rises in arms; and the Arbacians, fierce fighters with the dart or slender javelin. ― tr.: ibidem, p. 141

Aclydes, iacula brevia.

c.''' AD 205–220, Nonius Marcellus (aut.), W.M. Lindsay (ed.), De Conpendiosa Doctrina libri XX (1903), vol. III, bk xix, 554 M., l. 3 (p. 889)

Cur modo præcipites Aclydas ſeponis ab arcu?

1531, Franciscus Bonadus, Eximii prophetarum antiſtitis regia Dauidis oracula, p. 116:

Why do you now lay the swift javelins apart from the bow?


lanugo

la-noun

lānūgō f (genitive lānūginis); third declension

lānūgō (canonical feminine)
lānūginis (genitive)
lānūgō (nominative singular)
lānūginēs (nominative plural)
lānūginis (genitive singular)
lānūginum (genitive plural)
lānūginī (dative singular)
lānūginibus (dative plural)
lānūginem (accusative singular)
lānūginēs (accusative plural)
lānūgine (ablative singular)
lānūginibus (ablative plural)
lānūgō (singular vocative)
lānūginēs (plural vocative)

→ English: lanugo

→ Esperanto: lanugo

→ Italian: lanugine

→ Polish: lanugo

→ Spanish: lanugo

[ɫ̪äːˈnuːɡoː]

(in the poetry of every age and in post-Augustan prose) woolly substance, the down of plants, of youthful cheeks, etc.


punctum

pūnctum n (genitive pūnctī); second declension

pūnctum (canonical neuter)
pūnctī (genitive)
pūnctum (nominative singular)
pūncta (nominative plural)
pūnctī (genitive singular)
pūnctōrum (genitive plural)
pūnctō (dative singular)
pūnctīs (dative plural)
pūnctum (accusative singular)
pūncta (accusative plural)
pūnctō (ablative singular)
pūnctīs (ablative plural)
pūnctum (singular vocative)
pūncta (plural vocative)

Asturian: puntu

Catalan: punt

Danish: punkt

→ Danish: punktum

→ Dutch: punt

→ English: punctum

Friulian: pont

Galician: punto

German: Punkt, → Punktum

→ Esperanto: punkto

→ Serbo-Croatian: punkt

→ Hungarian: pont

→ Romanian: pont

Irish: ponc

Italian: punto

→ English: punto

→ Middle Low German: punct

→ Danish: punkt

→ Old Norse: punktr

Norwegian Bokmål: punkt

Swedish: punktr

Norwegian Bokmål: punktum

Occitan: ponch

desctree

→ Old Czech: punkt (learned)
Czech: punkt

Old French: point

→ Middle English: point

English: point, p'int
→ Cantonese: point
→ Indonesian: poin
→ Japanese: ポイント (pointo)
→ Korean: 포인트 (pointeu)

Middle French: poinct

French: point

→ Danish: point

→ Dutch: punt

→ Norwegian Bokmål: poeng

→ Polish: pointa

→ Swedish: poäng

→ Turkish: puan

Norman: point

Portuguese: ponto

→ Polish: punkt (learned)

→ Romanian: punct

Russian: пункт (punkt)

Sicilian: puntu

Spanish: punto

→ Tagalog: punto

Swedish: punkt

Venetan: ponto

→ Welsh: pwnc

→ Welsh: pwyth

[ˈpʊŋkt̪ʊ̃ˑ]

Neuter form of pūnctus, the perfect passive participle of pungō (“to prick, puncture”).


Esther

la-proper noun

Esther f sg (genitive Esthēris); third declension

Esthēr (canonical feminine)
Esther (canonical feminine singular)
Esthēris (genitive)
Esthēr (nominative singular)
Esther (nominative singular)
Esthēr (genitive singular)
Esthēris (genitive singular)
Esthēr (dative singular)
Esthērī (dative singular)
Esthēr (accusative singular)
Esthērem (accusative singular)
Esthēr (ablative singular)
Esthēre (ablative singular)
Esthēr (singular vocative)
Esther (singular vocative)

→ Asturian: Ester

→ Catalan: Ester

→ Czech: Ester

→ Danish: Ester, Esther

→ Dutch: Esther

→ English: Ester, Esther

→ Estonian: Ester

→ Faroese: Ester

→ Finnish: Ester

→ French: Esther

→ German: Ester, Esther

→ Icelandic: Ester

→ Italian: Ester

→ Norman: Estèr

→ Norwegian: Ester, Esther

→ Occitan: Estèr

→ Polish: Estera

→ Portuguese: Ester, Esther

→ Romanian: Ester

→ Scottish Gaelic: Ester

→ Slovak: Ester, Estera

→ Spanish: Ester, Esther

→ Swedish: Ester

[ˈɛs̠t̪ʰeːr]

From Biblical Hebrew אֶסְתֵּר (ʾestēr) (possibly via Ancient Greek Ἐσθήρ (Esthḗr)), from Old Persian 𐎠𐎿𐎫𐎼 (a-s-t-r /star-/, “star”) or from עִשְׁתָּר (ʿištār, “Ishtar”). Compare Middle Persian [script needed] (stl /star/, “star”), [script needed] (stʾlk' /stārag/, “star”), Modern Persian ستاره (setâre, “star”).


runa

la-noun

rūna f (genitive rūnae); first declension

rūna (canonical feminine)
rūnae (genitive)
rūna (nominative singular)
rūnae (nominative plural)
rūnae (genitive singular)
rūnārum (genitive plural)
rūnae (dative singular)
rūnīs (dative plural)
rūnam (accusative singular)
rūnās (accusative plural)
rūnā (ablative singular)
rūnīs (ablative plural)
rūna (singular vocative)
rūnae (plural vocative)


anethum

anēthum n (genitive anēthī); second declension

anēthum (canonical neuter)
anēthī (genitive)
anēthum (nominative singular)
anētha (nominative plural)
anēthī (genitive singular)
anēthōrum (genitive plural)
anēthō (dative singular)
anēthīs (dative plural)
anēthum (accusative singular)
anētha (accusative plural)
anēthō (ablative singular)
anēthīs (ablative plural)
anēthum (singular vocative)
anētha (plural vocative)

→ Italian: aneto

→ Middle French: anet, annet

French: anet, aneth

desc

Middle English: anet, anete, annet, annete

English: anet

Early Scots: anet, anat, anethe, annat, annet, annot, ennet

Scots: anet

→ Old Catalan: anet

Catalan: anet

→ Old Occitan: anet

Occitan: anet

→ Portuguese: aneto

→ Spanish: aneto

*anētulum

Portuguese: endro

Old Spanish: aneldo

Spanish: eneldo

Translingual: Anethum

[äˈneːt̪ʰʊ̃ˑ]


blida

la-noun

blīda f (genitive blīdae); first declension

blīda (canonical feminine)
blīdae (genitive)

→ Middle Dutch: blide

Dutch: blijde

→ Middle High German: blīde

German: Blide, Bleide

→ Middle Low German: blîde

→ Danish: blide

→ Swedish: blida

According to Niermeyer, from Byzantine Greek βάλις, βάλιδος (bális, bálidos), related to Ancient Greek βάλλω (bállō, “I throw”). Attested in Latin since the 13th century.

bor

βάλις, βάλιδος

levatis circumquaque [apud Kenylworthe] machinis novem, que vocantur blidis, lapides jacere non cessabant, confringentes ex his domos et turres ligneas; muros et opus lapideum prosternere volentes, in nullo dampnificare poterant

before 1266, Ricardus Anglicus de Morins, Annales Prioratus de Dunstaplia, (edited by Hearne in 1733, as cited in DMLBS)

At Kenilworth, after taking nine machines called blidae (trebuchets) everywhere around, they would not stop throwing rocks, shattering houses and towers made of wood, but even though they wanted to open walls and other work made of rock, they could not damage them.


pictor

la-noun

pictor m (genitive pictōris); third declension

pictōris (genitive)
pictor (nominative singular)
pictōrēs (nominative plural)
pictōris (genitive singular)
pictōrum (genitive plural)
pictōrī (dative singular)
pictōribus (dative plural)
pictōrem (accusative singular)
pictōrēs (accusative plural)
pictōre (ablative singular)
pictōribus (ablative plural)
pictor (singular vocative)
pictōrēs (plural vocative)

Friulian: pitôr

Italian: pittore

Neapolitan: pettore

Piedmontese: pitor

Venetan: pitór

Vulgar Latin: *pinctor

Asturian: pintor

Dalmatian: pentaur

Catalan: pintor

French: peintre

Galician: pintor

Occitan: pintor

Portuguese: pintor

Sicilian: pinturi

Spanish: pintor

→ Cebuano: pintor

→ Tagalog: pintor

Venetan: pentór

→ Romanian: pictor

Translingual: Beta Pictoris, Lophozozymus pictor

Consists of pic- + -tor. Latin pic- is the root of pingō (“paint, embroider”).


bdellium

bdellium n (genitive bdelliī or bdellī); second declension

bdelliī (genitive)
bdellī (genitive)
bdellium (nominative singular)
bdellia (nominative plural)
bdelliī (genitive singular)
bdellī (genitive singular)
bdelliōrum (genitive plural)
bdelliō (dative singular)
bdelliīs (dative plural)
bdellium (accusative singular)
bdellia (accusative plural)
bdelliō (ablative singular)
bdelliīs (ablative plural)
bdellium (singular vocative)
bdellia (plural vocative)

[ˈbd̪ɛlːʲiʊ̃ˑ]

From Ancient Greek βδέλλιον (bdéllion), see above.


pistola

pistōla f (genitive pistōlae); first declension

pistōla (canonical feminine)
pistōlae (genitive)
pistōla (nominative singular)
pistōlae (nominative plural)
pistōlae (genitive singular)
pistōlārum (genitive plural)
pistōlae (dative singular)
pistōlīs (dative plural)
pistōlam (accusative singular)
pistōlās (accusative plural)
pistōlā (ablative singular)
pistōlīs (ablative plural)
pistōla (singular vocative)
pistōlae (plural vocative)

[pɪs̠ˈt̪oːɫ̪ä]

Borrowed from Middle French pistole or Italian, Spanish, and Portuguese pistola. The penultimate syllable is long because it carries stress.


peregrinatio

la-noun

peregrīnātiō f (genitive peregrīnātiōnis); third declension

peregrīnātiō (canonical feminine)
peregrīnātiōnis (genitive)
peregrīnātiō (nominative singular)
peregrīnātiōnēs (nominative plural)
peregrīnātiōnis (genitive singular)
peregrīnātiōnum (genitive plural)
peregrīnātiōnī (dative singular)
peregrīnātiōnibus (dative plural)
peregrīnātiōnem (accusative singular)
peregrīnātiōnēs (accusative plural)
peregrīnātiōne (ablative singular)
peregrīnātiōnibus (ablative plural)
peregrīnātiō (singular vocative)
peregrīnātiōnēs (plural vocative)

Catalan: peregrinació

English: peregrination

French: pérégrination

Galician: peregrinación

Italian: peregrinazione

Portuguese: peregrinação

Romanian: peregrinație, peregrinațiune

Spanish: peregrinación

From peregrīnor (“I live or travel overseas”) + -tiō (suffix forming abstract nouns).


copa

la-noun

cōpa f (genitive cōpae, masculine cōpō); first declension

cōpa (canonical feminine)
cōpae (genitive)
cōpō (masculine)
cōpa (nominative singular)
cōpae (nominative plural)
cōpae (genitive singular)
cōpārum (genitive plural)
cōpae (dative singular)
cōpīs (dative plural)
cōpam (accusative singular)
cōpās (accusative plural)
cōpā (ablative singular)
cōpīs (ablative plural)
cōpa (singular vocative)
cōpae (plural vocative)


cestus

cestus m (genitive cestūs); fourth declension

cestūs (genitive)
cestus (nominative singular)
cestūs (nominative plural)
cestūs (genitive singular)
cestuum (genitive plural)
cestuī (dative singular)
cestibus (dative plural)
cestum (accusative singular)
cestūs (accusative plural)
cestū (ablative singular)
cestibus (ablative plural)
cestus (singular vocative)
cestūs (plural vocative)

Variant of caestus, from caedō (“I cut in pieces”)

boxing glove; a strip of leather, weighted with iron or lead, tied to a boxer's hands


ferrarius

ferrārius m (genitive ferrāriī or ferrārī); second declension

ferrārius (canonical masculine)
ferrāriī (genitive)
ferrārī (genitive)
ferrārius (nominative singular)
ferrāriī (nominative plural)
ferrāriī (genitive singular)
ferrārī (genitive singular)
ferrāriōrum (genitive plural)
ferrāriō (dative singular)
ferrāriīs (dative plural)
ferrārium (accusative singular)
ferrāriōs (accusative plural)
ferrāriō (ablative singular)
ferrāriīs (ablative plural)
ferrārie (singular vocative)
ferrāriī (plural vocative)

Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: hirar

Romanian: fierar

Italo-Romance

Italian: ferraio

Neapolitan: ferraro

Sicilian: firraru

Padanian:

Emilian: frèr, frar

Ligurian: ferâ, ferê, frè

Lombard: frer, ferer, farer

Piedmontese: fré

Venetan: feràr

Northern Gallo-Romance:

Old French: ferrier

French: ferrier (dated)

→ English: farrier

Southern Gallo-Romance:

Aragonese: ferrer, ferrero

Catalan: ferrer, farrer

→ Sardinian: ferreri, ferreli

Ibero-Romance:

Asturian: ferreru, ferreiru

Leonese: ferreiru

Galician: ferreiro

Portuguese: ferreiro

Old Spanish: ferrero

Spanish: herrero

Insular Romance

Sardinian: ferraxu, ferralzu


carpo

la-verb

carpō (present infinitive carpere, perfect active carpsī, supine carptum); third conjugation

carpō (canonical)
carpere (infinitive present)
carpsī (active perfect)
carptum (supine)
carpō (active first-person indicative present singular)
carpis (active indicative present second-person singular)
carpit (active indicative present singular third-person)
carpimus (active first-person indicative plural present)
carpitis (active indicative plural present second-person)
carpunt (active indicative plural present third-person)
carpēbam (active first-person imperfect indicative singular)
carpēbās (active imperfect indicative second-person singular)
carpēbat (active imperfect indicative singular third-person)
carpēbāmus (active first-person imperfect indicative plural)
carpēbātis (active imperfect indicative plural second-person)
carpēbant (active imperfect indicative plural third-person)
carpam (active first-person future indicative singular)
carpēs (active future indicative second-person singular)
carpet (active future indicative singular third-person)
carpēmus (active first-person future indicative plural)
carpētis (active future indicative plural second-person)
carpent (active future indicative plural third-person)
carpsī (active first-person indicative perfect singular)
carpsistī (active indicative perfect second-person singular)
carpsit (active indicative perfect singular third-person)
carpsimus (active first-person indicative perfect plural)
carpsistis (active indicative perfect plural second-person)
carpsērunt (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
carpsēre (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
carpseram (active first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
carpserās (active indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
carpserat (active indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
carpserāmus (active first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
carpserātis (active indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
carpserant (active indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
carpserō (active first-person future indicative perfect singular)
carpseris (active future indicative perfect second-person singular)
carpserit (active future indicative perfect singular third-person)
carpserimus (active first-person future indicative perfect plural)
carpseritis (active future indicative perfect plural second-person)
carpserint (active future indicative perfect plural third-person)
carpor (first-person indicative passive present singular)
carperis (indicative passive present second-person singular)
carpere (indicative passive present second-person singular)
carpitur (indicative passive present singular third-person)
carpimur (first-person indicative passive plural present)
carpiminī (indicative passive plural present second-person)
carpuntur (indicative passive plural present third-person)
carpēbar (first-person imperfect indicative passive singular)
carpēbāris (imperfect indicative passive second-person singular)
carpēbāre (imperfect indicative passive second-person singular)
carpēbātur (imperfect indicative passive singular third-person)
carpēbāmur (first-person imperfect indicative passive plural)
carpēbāminī (imperfect indicative passive plural second-person)
carpēbantur (imperfect indicative passive plural third-person)
carpar (first-person future indicative passive singular)
carpēris (future indicative passive second-person singular)
carpēre (future indicative passive second-person singular)
carpētur (future indicative passive singular third-person)
carpēmur (first-person future indicative passive plural)
carpēminī (future indicative passive plural second-person)
carpentur (future indicative passive plural third-person)
carpam (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
carpās (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
carpat (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
carpāmus (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
carpātis (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
carpant (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
carperem (active first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
carperēs (active imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
carperet (active imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
carperēmus (active first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
carperētis (active imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
carperent (active imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
carpserim (active first-person perfect singular subjunctive)
carpserīs (active perfect second-person singular subjunctive)
carpserit (active perfect singular subjunctive third-person)
carpserīmus (active first-person perfect plural subjunctive)
carpserītis (active perfect plural second-person subjunctive)
carpserint (active perfect plural subjunctive third-person)
carpsissem (active first-person pluperfect singular subjunctive)
carpsissēs (active pluperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
carpsisset (active pluperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
carpsissēmus (active first-person pluperfect plural subjunctive)
carpsissētis (active pluperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
carpsissent (active pluperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
carpar (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
carpāris (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
carpāre (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
carpātur (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
carpāmur (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
carpāminī (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
carpantur (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
carperer (first-person imperfect passive singular subjunctive)
carperēris (imperfect passive second-person singular subjunctive)
carperēre (imperfect passive second-person singular subjunctive)
carperētur (imperfect passive singular subjunctive third-person)
carperēmur (first-person imperfect passive plural subjunctive)
carperēminī (imperfect passive plural second-person subjunctive)
carperentur (imperfect passive plural subjunctive third-person)
carpe (active imperative present second-person singular)
carpite (active imperative plural present second-person)
carpitō (active future imperative second-person singular)
carpitō (active future imperative singular third-person)
carpitōte (active future imperative plural second-person)
carpuntō (active future imperative plural third-person)
carpere (imperative passive present second-person singular)
carpiminī (imperative passive plural present second-person)
carpitor (future imperative passive second-person singular)
carpitor (future imperative passive singular third-person)
carpuntor (future imperative passive plural third-person)
carpere (active infinitive present)
carpsisse (active infinitive perfect)
carptūrum esse (active future infinitive)
carpī (infinitive passive present)
carptum esse (infinitive passive perfect)
carptum īrī (future infinitive passive)
carpēns (active participle present)
carptūrus (active future participle)
carptus (participle passive perfect)
carpendus (future participle passive)
carpundus (future participle passive)
carpendī (genitive gerund noun-from-verb)
carpendō (dative gerund noun-from-verb)
carpendum (accusative gerund noun-from-verb)
carpendō (ablative gerund noun-from-verb)
carptum (accusative noun-from-verb supine)
carptū (ablative noun-from-verb supine)

Catalan: carpir-se

English: excerpt

Galician: carpir

Italian: carpare, carpire

Old French: charpir, carpir

French: charpir

Old Galician-Portuguese: carpir

Portuguese: carpir

Spanish: carpir

From Proto-Italic *karpō, from Proto-Indo-European *kerp-.
Compare Greek καρπός (karpós, “fruit”) and κείρω (keírō, “to cut off”), English harvest, sharp, shear.

[…] Mīlēsia vellera nymphae
carpēbant […]

c. 37 BCE – 30 BCE, Virgil, Georgics 4.334–335

[…] the nymphs were spinning
Milesian wool […]


pollinctor

la-noun

pollīnctor m (genitive pollīnctōris); third declension

pollīnctor (canonical masculine)
pollīnctōris (genitive)
pollīnctor (nominative singular)
pollīnctōrēs (nominative plural)
pollīnctōris (genitive singular)
pollīnctōrum (genitive plural)
pollīnctōrī (dative singular)
pollīnctōribus (dative plural)
pollīnctōrem (accusative singular)
pollīnctōrēs (accusative plural)
pollīnctōre (ablative singular)
pollīnctōribus (ablative plural)
pollīnctor (singular vocative)
pollīnctōrēs (plural vocative)

From pollingō (“wash a corpse in preparation for a funeral”) + -tor.

af

undertaker; a person who prepared corpses for a funeral.


tegula

la-noun

tēgula f (genitive tēgulae); first declension

tēgula (canonical feminine)
tēgulae (genitive)
tēgula (nominative singular)
tēgulae (nominative plural)
tēgulae (genitive singular)
tēgulārum (genitive plural)
tēgulae (dative singular)
tēgulīs (dative plural)
tēgulam (accusative singular)
tēgulās (accusative plural)
tēgulā (ablative singular)
tēgulīs (ablative plural)
tēgula (singular vocative)
tēgulae (plural vocative)

North-Italian:

Piedmontese: tiola, tìvola

Gallo-Romance:

Catalan: teula

Franco-Provençal: tiola

Old French: tiule (see there for further descendants)

Occitan: teule

Sicilian: tìgula, Tìguli, Tìvuli

Vulgar Latin: tegla

Dalmatian: tacla

Italo-Romance:

Italian: tegghia

desc

⇒ Italian: teglia (through de-vulgarization)

Sicilian: tegghia

North-Italian:

Friulian: tecje, tečhe (alternative orthography)

Piedmontese: teja

Venetan: técia

Gallo-Romance:

Champenois: teille

Ibero-Romance:

Asturian: teya

Old Galician-Portuguese: telha

Galician: tella

Portuguese: telha

Spanish: teja

⇒ Vulgar Latin: *tegella

Italian: tiella

Portuguese: tigela

Sicilian: tijeḍḍa

Borrowings:

→? Italian: tegola (semi-learned)

→ Albanian: tjegull

→ Andalusian Arabic: تاقرة (tāqra, “milking-pail”)

→ Old Galician-Portuguese: tagra (“a liquid measure”)

→ Old Spanish: tagara (“bowl”)

→ Old Leonese: tagara, tagarra (“bowl”)

→ Galician: tarro (“jar”)

→ Portuguese: tarro (“pot; milking-pail”)

→ Spanish: tarro (“jar; pot”)

→ Moroccan Arabic: طارو (ṭārru, “garbage-can”)

→ Moroccan Arabic: تاكرة (tāgra, “tajine”)

→ Proto-Germanic: *tigulǭ (see there for further descendants)

→ Hungarian: tégla

→ English: tegula

→ Greek: τούγλα (toúgla)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: طوغله (tuğla), توغله (tuğla)
Turkish: tuğla
→ Albanian: tullë
→ Armenian: թուղլա (tʻuġla)
→ Laz: თუღლა (tuğla)

→ Macedonian: тегла (tegla)

→ Portuguese: tégula

→ Serbo-Croatian: тегла (tegla)

→ Slovak: tehla

[ˈt̪eːɡʊɫ̪ä]

From Proto-Italic [Term?], from Proto-Indo-European *(s)teg- (“to cover”). By surface analysis, tegō (“to cover”) + -ula. For the meaning development compare German Kachel. Though the sense “frying-pan” has been said to be derived from Ancient Greek τάγηνον (tágēnon), τήγανον (tḗganon), this is formally difficult; the distinction between it and “rooftile” may thus be seen as unfounded.
The long vowel is difficult to explain, but according to some authors it is an artifact of early simplification of the cluster *gdʰ in *teg-dʰlom (see -bulum for the suffix); compare rēgula. Contrast the later formation tegulum, with a short vowel.

surf

Glires: isicio porcino, item pulpis ex omni membro glirium trito, cum pipere, nucleis, lasere, liquamine farcies glires, et sutos in tegula positos mittes in furnum aut farsos in clibano coques.

Dormice: Fill the dormice with minced meat of pork and all parts of the dormice, ground pepper, pinenuts, laser, fish-sauce, and put them sewn together and laid upon a tile-pan into the oven, or cook them stuffed in the clibanus.

a tile, whether to lay the roof (rooftile) or to bake food upon it (baking tile, frying pan)


archiater

la-noun

archīāter m (genitive archīātrī); second declension

archīāter (canonical masculine)
archīātrī (genitive)
archīāter (nominative singular)
archīātrī (nominative plural)
archīātrī (genitive singular)
archīātrōrum (genitive plural)
archīātrō (dative singular)
archīātrīs (dative plural)
archīātrum (accusative singular)
archīātrōs (accusative plural)
archīātrō (ablative singular)
archīātrīs (ablative plural)
archīāter (singular vocative)
archīātrī (plural vocative)

Catalan: arquiatre

French: archiatre

Galician: arquiatro

Italian: archiatra

Portuguese: arquiatro

→ Basque: atxeter

→ English: archiater

→ Finnish: arkkiatri

→ Swedish: arkiater

→ Proto-West Germanic: *arcijātārī (see there for further descendants)

[ärkʰiːˈäːt̪ɛr]

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἀρχιατρός (arkhiatrós), from ἀρχι- (arkhi-, “chief”) + ἰατρός (iatrós, “doctor”).

prefix

physician, especially a chief physician of a ruler.


charta

la-noun

charta f (genitive chartae); first declension

chartae (genitive)
charta (nominative singular)
chartae (nominative plural)
chartae (genitive singular)
chartārum (genitive plural)
chartae (dative singular)
chartīs (dative plural)
chartam (accusative singular)
chartās (accusative plural)
chartā (ablative singular)
chartīs (ablative plural)
charta (singular vocative)
chartae (plural vocative)

Eastern Romance

Aromanian: carti

Romanian: carte

Gallo-Italic:

Piedmontese: carta

Romagnol: chêrta (Ville Unite)

Italo-Dalmatian

Corsican: carta

Italian: carta (see there for further descendants)

Sicilian: carta

Old Occitan: carta

Catalan: carta

Rhaeto-Romance

Friulian: cjarte

Romansch: charta

West Iberian

Asturian: carta

Old Galician-Portuguese: carta

Galician: carta

Portuguese: carta (see there for further descendants)

Spanish: carta (see there for further descendants)

→ Albanian: kartë

→ Proto-Brythonic:

Breton: kartenn

Cornish: carten

Welsh: carden

→ Czech: charta

→ German: Charta

→ Kashubian: kôrta

→ Livonian: kōrtõz

→ Old French: carte

French: carte (see there for further descendants)

Norman: carte

→ Breton: karta

→ Irish: cárta

→ Middle Dutch: cāerte

Dutch: kaart

→ Middle English: carde

English: card (see there for further descendants)

Scots: cairt

→ Middle High German: karte

German: Karte (see there for further descendants)

Luxembourgish: Kaart

Mòcheno: kòrt

Yiddish: קאָרט (kort)

→ Middle Low German: kort

Plautdietsch: Koat

→ Old Norse: kort

Danish: kort

→ Swedish: kort
→ Finnish: kortti

Faroese: kort

Icelandic: kort

Norwegian Bokmål: kort

desctree

Swedish: karta, charta (obsolete)
→ Finnish: kartta
→ Northern Sami: gárta

→ Old English: carte

Middle English: carte

→ Old High German: kerza, charza (or from cērāta)

Middle High German: kerze

Cimbrian: khéertza

German: Kerze

Luxembourgish: Käerz

→ Middle Dutch: kerse (see there for further descendants)

→⇒ Latin: chartula

Old French: chartre (see there for further descendants)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek χάρτης (khártēs, “paper”), with a change to the feminine gender.

bor+

a piece of writing, especially a letter, poem, or charter


Nathan

Nāthan (canonical masculine singular)
Nāthan (nominative singular)
Nāthan (genitive singular)
Nāthan (dative singular)
Nāthan (accusative singular)
Nāthan (ablative singular)
Nāthan (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Νάθαν (Náthan), derived from Biblical Hebrew נָתָן (Natán).


follis

la-noun

follis m (genitive follis); third declension

follis (genitive)
follis (nominative singular)
follēs (nominative plural)
follis (genitive singular)
follium (genitive plural)
follī (dative singular)
follibus (dative plural)
follem (accusative singular)
follēs (accusative plural)
follīs (accusative plural)
folle (ablative singular)
follibus (ablative plural)
follis (singular vocative)
follēs (plural vocative)

Eastern Romance

Aromanian: foali

Istro-Romanian: foie

Megleno-Romanian: foali

Romanian: foale

Italo-Romance

Italian: folle

Sicilian: foḍḍi

Old French: fol (see there for further descendants)

French: fou

Norman: fo

Old Occitan: fol
Occitan: hòu, fòl, fòu

Sardinian: fodhe

Venetan: folo, foło, fol

West Iberian

Asturian: fuelle

Old Galician-Portuguese:

Galician: fol

Portuguese: fole

Spanish: follar, hollar, fuelle

→ Alemannic German: Folle

→ Proto-Brythonic: *foll

Middle Welsh: ffoll

→ Ancient Greek: φόλλις (phóllis)

→ Aramaic: ܦܘܠܣܐ / פולסא /ܦܠܣ / פילס (fuləsā, filas)

→ Arabic: فِلْس (fils) (see there for further descendants)

→ English: follis

Probably inherited from Proto-Indo-European *bʰolǵʰ-n-is, o-grade i-stem derivative of *bʰelǵʰ- (“to swell”) with an *-n- suffix (though De Vaan is skeptical of any etymology and leaves the origin open). Cognates include Sanskrit बर्हिस् (barhís, “straw, sacrificial straw”), Old English belġ (“bulge, bag, purse”) (English belly) and belġan (“to swell with anger”), Old Prussian balsinis (“cushion”) and Old Irish bolg (“belly; bag; bellows”).
Or simply from Proto-Indo-European *bʰol-n-is, ultimately from the same root, i.e. *bʰel- (“to blow”), from which *bʰelǵʰ- appears to be derived.


scissor

la-noun

scissor m (genitive scissōris); third declension

scissōris (genitive)
scissor (nominative singular)
scissōrēs (nominative plural)
scissōris (genitive singular)
scissōrum (genitive plural)
scissōrī (dative singular)
scissōribus (dative plural)
scissōrem (accusative singular)
scissōrēs (accusative plural)
scissōre (ablative singular)
scissōribus (ablative plural)
scissor (singular vocative)
scissōrēs (plural vocative)

[ˈs̠kɪs̠ːɔr]

From scindō (“I cut, tear”) (supine scissum) + -tor (“-er”, agent noun suffix).

af

supine <i class="Latn mention" lang="la">scissum</i>

Processit statim scissor et ad symphoniam gesticulatus ita laceravit obsonium, ut putares essedarium hydraule cantante pugnare.

c. 27 CE – 66 CE, Petronius, Satyricon 36

The trancheur walked forward and signed in so concerted a manner while cutting the food that one believed that a chariot fought with a water-flute player.

trancheur, somebody who in a banquet cuts the foodstuffs

1ˢᵗ century BCE, Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum IX 466, which is a list of gladiators of the lanista Gaius Salvius Capito in Venusia
Ret[iarius] C[aius] Clodius
Scisso[r] M[arcus] Caecilius
the net fighter Gaius Clodius


caupo

la-noun

caupō m (genitive caupōnis, feminine caupōna); third declension

caupō (canonical masculine)
caupōnis (genitive)
caupōna (feminine)
caupō (nominative singular)
caupōnēs (nominative plural)
caupōnis (genitive singular)
caupōnum (genitive plural)
caupōnī (dative singular)
caupōnibus (dative plural)
caupōnem (accusative singular)
caupōnēs (accusative plural)
caupōne (ablative singular)
caupōnibus (ablative plural)
caupō (singular vocative)
caupōnēs (plural vocative)

desc

→ Proto-Germanic: *kaupô (“innkeeper; merchant”) (see there for further descendants)

Cognate with Ancient Greek κᾰ́πηλος (kápēlos), possibly from Pre-Greek, likely borrowed separately. A derivation of either from Proto-Indo-European *kʷreyh₂- (“to buy”), whence ἐπρῐάμην (epriámēn) as suppletive aorist of ὠνέομαι (ōnéomai, “to buy”), seems far-fetched. As Beekes mentions, Furnee offers Hittite 𒄩𒀊𒉺𒅈 (ḫappar, “purchase, price”) as a comparandum, in which case the IE derivation would be *h₃ep-, whence ops (“power”) and Homeric Ancient Greek ἀφνειός (aphneiós, “rich, wealthy”), although this is also speculative. Gemoll considers a connection to Ancient Greek κάπτω (káptō, “gulp down, snap”).


sapor

la-noun

sapor m (genitive sapōris); third declension

sapōris (genitive)
sapor (nominative singular)
sapōrēs (nominative plural)
sapōris (genitive singular)
sapōrum (genitive plural)
sapōrī (dative singular)
sapōribus (dative plural)
sapōrem (accusative singular)
sapōrēs (accusative plural)
sapōre (ablative singular)
sapōribus (ablative plural)
sapor (singular vocative)
sapōrēs (plural vocative)

Catalan: sabor

Friulian: savôr

Italian: sapore

Lombard: savor

Occitan: sabor

desctree

Old French: savour, savor
French: saveur
→ Romanian: savoare
→ Middle English: savour
English: savour, savor

Piedmontese: savor

Portuguese: sabor

desc

Sardinian: sabore, sabori, sapore, saore

Sicilian: sapuri

Spanish: sabor

Venetan: saore, saor

→ Ido: saporo

desctree

→ Middle English: sapour, sapoure
English: sapor, sapour

From sapiō (“taste of, have a flavor of”) + -or.

af

proderit et tunsum gallae admiscere saporem […]
It is good too to blend a taste of pounded oak-apples […]


dulcis

la-adj

dulcis (neuter dulce, comparative dulcior, superlative dulcissimus, adverb dulcē or dulciter); third-declension two-termination adjective

dulce (neuter)
dulcior (comparative)
dulcissimus (superlative)
dulcē (adverb)
dulciter (adverb)
dulcis (feminine masculine nominative singular)
dulce (neuter nominative singular)
dulcēs (feminine masculine nominative plural)
dulcia (neuter nominative plural)
dulcis (feminine genitive masculine neuter singular)
dulcium (feminine genitive masculine neuter plural)
dulcī (dative feminine masculine neuter singular)
dulcibus (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
dulcem (accusative feminine masculine singular)
dulce (accusative neuter singular)
dulcēs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
dulcīs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
dulcia (accusative neuter plural)
dulcī (ablative feminine masculine neuter singular)
dulcibus (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
dulcis (feminine masculine singular vocative)
dulce (neuter singular vocative)
dulcēs (feminine masculine plural vocative)
dulcia (neuter plural vocative)

Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: dultsi

Istro-Romanian: duľțe

Megleno-Romanian: dulți

Romanian: dulce

Dalmatian:

dolc

Italo-Romance:

Italian: dolce

Neapolitan: doce

Sicilian: duci, aruci

Tuscan: dorce

Insular Romance:

Sardinian: durche

North Italian:

Friulian: dolç

Ligurian: dôçe

Lombard: dolz

Piedmontese: doss

Romansch: dultsch

Venetan: dólso, dolse

Gallo-Romance:

Catalan: dolç

Franco-Provençal: dox

Old French: douz (see there for further descendants)

Occitan: doç

Vulgar Latin:

*indulcīre (see there for further descendants)

Ibero-Romance:

Aragonese: dulce, duze

Asturian: dulce

Mozarabic: دَلجِ (dalji)

Old Galician-Portuguese: doce (see there for further descendants)

desc

Old Spanish: duz, duce, dulce (Latin influence?)

Spanish: dulce

[ˈd̪ʊɫ̪kɪs̠]

From Proto-Italic *dulkwis (“sweet”), most likely akin to Ancient Greek γλυκύς (glukús, “sweet”), both traditionally derived from a tentative Proto-Indo-European *dl̥kús (“sweet”), although the fall of -u- in the Latin form would be left unexplained, and the Greek form is problematic as well. Given that Latin and Greek are linguistically quite distant while being very close geographically, it is likely the word does not go back to PIE as it may have been borrowed from a common unknown source, possibly related to lac (“milk”).

ref

The expected outcome would have been **dulquis, with the u-stem regularly extended into an i- one, as in brevis, tenuis, etc.<ref name=deVaan/>

cāna prius gelidō dēsint absinthia Pontō
et careat dulcī Trīnacris Hybla thymō

Sooner would pale wormwood be missing from icy Pontus or Sicilian Hybla lack its sweet-scented thyme


prandium

la-noun

prandium n (genitive prandiī or prandī); second declension

prandiī (genitive)
prandī (genitive)
prandium (nominative singular)
prandia (nominative plural)
prandiī (genitive singular)
prandī (genitive singular)
prandiōrum (genitive plural)
prandiō (dative singular)
prandiīs (dative plural)
prandium (accusative singular)
prandia (accusative plural)
prandiō (ablative singular)
prandiīs (ablative plural)
prandium (singular vocative)
prandia (plural vocative)

Aromanian: prãndzu

Dalmatian: prinz

Italian: pranzo, prandio

→ Maltese: pranzu

Occitan: prandièra

Old French: prangier

Bourguignon: pregneire, pergneire

Lorrain: pragné

Picard: prangère, pringère

→ Old Irish: proind

Irish: proinn

→ Portuguese: prândio

Romanian: prânz

Sardinian: pràngiu/prandiu

Sicilian: pranzu

→ Welsh: prain

⇒ Late Latin: prandialis

→ English: prandial

[ˈprän̪d̪iʊ̃ˑ]

* Might be from Proto-Italic *prāmo-(e)d-yom, from Proto-Indo-European *pr̥h₂mós (“first”) + *h₁ed- (“to eat”), thus originally "first meal". See prīmus, edō and compare Ancient Greek ἄριστον (áriston). Also compare Proto-Slavic *obědъ (whence Russian обе́д (obéd)) from *o(b) + *ěsti.
* Another interpretation for the first element is *pram (“before > early”), from Proto-Indo-European *preh₂m.

Nūllum grātuītum prandium

late breakfast, luncheon, lunch (eaten about midday)


littera

littera f (genitive litterae); first declension

litterae (genitive)
littera (nominative singular)
litterae (nominative plural)
litterae (genitive singular)
litterārum (genitive plural)
litterae (dative singular)
litterīs (dative plural)
litteram (accusative singular)
litterās (accusative plural)
litterā (ablative singular)
litterīs (ablative plural)
littera (singular vocative)
litterae (plural vocative)

Asturian: lletra

Catalan: lletra

Dalmatian: latera

Friulian: letare, lètare

German: Letter

Italian: lettera

→ Albanian: letër

Occitan: letra

desctree

Old French: letre
French: lettre
→ Middle English: lettre, leattre, letter, lettyr
English: letter
→ Middle Dutch: lettere
Dutch: letter
Afrikaans: letter
Negerhollands: letter
→ Caribbean Javanese: lèter
→ Indonesian: leter
→ Japanese: レッテル (retteru)
→ Papiamentu: lèter, lèterchi, letter
→ Saramaccan: letè
Limburgish: lètter

Piedmontese: litra

Portuguese: letra

Romanian: literă

Romansch: letra

Sardinian: lítara, lítera

Sicilian: littra, lìttira

Spanish: letra
→ Chavacano: letra
→ Classical Nahuatl: letra
→ Tagalog: letra

Venetan: łétara, létara, létera

→ Proto-Brythonic: *llɨθer (see there for further descendants)

→ Old Irish: liter
Irish: litir
Manx: lettyr
Scottish Gaelic: litir

→ Polish: litera

→ Russian: ли́тера (lítera)

[ˈlʲɪt̪ːɛrä]

Origin unknown. Two explanations have been proposed:
* From earlier lītera, the existence of which is disputed, with lengthening of the consonant (sometimes called the littera rule), from Old Latin leitera (attested ca. 122 BC, argued by Ernout & Meillet to be a false etymological attraction to lino), from a plural form of earlier adj. *lei-tos (cf. opera from opus), related to Latin linō (“smear”) and Proto-Italic *linō (“smear”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂leyH- (“smear”). A variation of this is to reconstruct the PIE root as *leyt- (“to scratch”).
: However, de Vaan points out that the past participle from lino is actually litus with a short i and, lacking any other traces of *leitos, says the scenario is "morphologically unconvincing".
* Alternatively, perhaps via Etruscan from (or related to, as if from a common source) Ancient Greek διφθέρᾱ (diphthérā, “leather; writing material”) which is claimed by Hesychius to be used to name tablets as well, of unknown ultimate origin.

der

Tam Alexidis manum amabam, quod tam prope accedebat ad similitudinem tuae litterae; non amabam, quod indicabat te non valere.

68 BCE – 44 BCE, Cicero, Epistulae ad Atticum 7.2

While I was liking the handwriting of Alexis for it resembled so closely a likeness to your own handwriting, I wasn't liking it for it was indicating that you were not well.

Abest historia litteris nostris.

The story is missing from our literature.

Si versus horum duorum poetarum neglegetis, magna parte litterarum carebitis.

If you neglect the verses of these two poets, you will miss a great part of literature.


Eridanus

la-proper noun

Ēridanus m sg (genitive Ēridanī); second declension

Ēridanus (canonical masculine singular)
Ēridanī (genitive)
Ēridanus (nominative singular)
Ēridanī (genitive singular)
Ēridanō (dative singular)
Ēridanum (accusative singular)
Ēridanō (ablative singular)
Ēridane (singular vocative)
Ēridanī (locative singular)

?Dutch: Eridanus

English: Eridanus

?Finnish: Eridanus

?French: Éridan

?Galician: Eridano

?German: Eridanus

Italian: Eridano

?Japanese: エリダヌス座 (Eridanusu-za)

?Polish: Erydan

?Russian: Эридан (Eridan)

?Spanish: Eridanus

?Turkish: Eridanus

[eːˈrɪd̪änʊs̠]

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Ἠρῐδᾰνός (Ēridanós).

(Greek mythology and poetry) Synonym of Padus (“the River Po”)


sculptor

la-noun

sculptor m (genitive sculptōris); third declension

sculptōris (genitive)
sculptor (nominative singular)
sculptōrēs (nominative plural)
sculptōris (genitive singular)
sculptōrum (genitive plural)
sculptōrī (dative singular)
sculptōribus (dative plural)
sculptōrem (accusative singular)
sculptōrēs (accusative plural)
sculptōre (ablative singular)
sculptōribus (ablative plural)
sculptor (singular vocative)
sculptōrēs (plural vocative)

Catalan: escultor

French: sculpteur

Friulian: scultôr

Galician: escultor

Italian: scultore

Lombard: scultor

Occitan: esculptor

Piedmontese: scultor

Portuguese: escultor

Romanian: sculptor

Russian: ску́льптор (skúlʹptor)

Spanish: escultor

[ˈs̠kʊɫ̪pt̪ɔr]


medus

mēdus m (genitive mēdī); second declension

mēdus (canonical masculine)
mēdī (genitive)
mēdus (nominative singular)
mēdī (nominative plural)
mēdī (genitive singular)
mēdōrum (genitive plural)
mēdō (dative singular)
mēdīs (dative plural)
mēdum (accusative singular)
mēdōs (accusative plural)
mēdō (ablative singular)
mēdīs (ablative plural)
mēde (singular vocative)
mēdī (plural vocative)

From a Germanic language, from Proto-Germanic *meduz, from Proto-Indo-European *médʰu.


negotiator

negōtiātor m (genitive negōtiātōris); third declension

negōtiātor (canonical masculine)
negōtiātōris (genitive)
negōtiātor (nominative singular)
negōtiātōrēs (nominative plural)
negōtiātōris (genitive singular)
negōtiātōrum (genitive plural)
negōtiātōrī (dative singular)
negōtiātōribus (dative plural)
negōtiātōrem (accusative singular)
negōtiātōrēs (accusative plural)
negōtiātōre (ablative singular)
negōtiātōribus (ablative plural)
negōtiātor (singular vocative)
negōtiātōrēs (plural vocative)

Catalan: negociador

English: negotiator

French: négociateur

→ Romanian: negociator

Galician: negociador

Italian: negoziatore

Portuguese: negociador

Old Romanian: neguțător

Romanian: negustor

Spanish: negociador

[nɛɡoːt̪iˈäːt̪ɔr]


Eva

la-proper noun

Ē̆va f sg (genitive Ē̆vae); first declension

Ē̆va (canonical feminine singular)
Ē̆vae (genitive)
Ē̆va (nominative singular)
Ē̆vae (genitive singular)
Ē̆vae (dative singular)
Ē̆vam (accusative singular)
Ē̆vā (ablative singular)
Ē̆va (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Εὔᾱ (Eúā), from Biblical Hebrew חַוָּה (ḥawwā́). Cognate to have, avē.


byssus

la-noun

byssus f (genitive byssī); second declension

byssī (genitive)
byssus (nominative singular)
byssī (nominative plural)
byssī (genitive singular)
byssōrum (genitive plural)
byssō (dative singular)
byssīs (dative plural)
byssum (accusative singular)
byssōs (accusative plural)
byssō (ablative singular)
byssīs (ablative plural)
bysse (singular vocative)
byssī (plural vocative)

Translingual: Byssus

From Ancient Greek βύσσος (bússos, “a very fine yellowish flax and the linen woven from it”), from Biblical Hebrew בּוּץ (búts), Aramaic בּוש (bus).


ministerium

la-noun

ministerium n (genitive ministeriī or ministerī); second declension

ministeriī (genitive)
ministerī (genitive)
ministerium (nominative singular)
ministeria (nominative plural)
ministeriī (genitive singular)
ministerī (genitive singular)
ministeriōrum (genitive plural)
ministeriō (dative singular)
ministeriīs (dative plural)
ministerium (accusative singular)
ministeria (accusative plural)
ministeriō (ablative singular)
ministeriīs (ablative plural)
ministerium (singular vocative)
ministeria (plural vocative)

Bourguignon: métei

Catalan: ministeri

→ English: ministerium

Esperanto: ministerio

Friulian: ministeri

→ Galician: ministerio

Italian: mestiere, ministero

Old French: mestier

French: métier

→ Danish: metier

→ English: métier

Norman: métyî (Continental Norman), mêtchi (Jersey), meeti (Sark)

→ Old French: menistere

French: ministère

→ Romanian: minister

→ Middle English: mynisterie

English: ministry

Old Galician-Portuguese: mester

Galician: mester

Portuguese: mester, mister

desctree

→ Old Irish: meinistir, menstir
Middle Irish: meinistir

Piedmontese: ministeri

→ Portuguese: ministério

Sicilian: ministeru

Spanish: menester, mester, → ministerio

[mɪnɪs̠ˈt̪ɛriʊ̃ˑ]

From minister + -ium. Compare magisterium.


nassa

la-noun

nassa f (genitive nassae); first declension

nassae (genitive)
nassa (nominative singular)
nassae (nominative plural)
nassae (genitive singular)
nassārum (genitive plural)
nassae (dative singular)
nassīs (dative plural)
nassam (accusative singular)
nassās (accusative plural)
nassā (ablative singular)
nassīs (ablative plural)
nassa (singular vocative)
nassae (plural vocative)

Catalan: nansa

French: nasse

Galician: nasa

Italian: nassa

Spanish: nasa

Probably from Old Latin nasta, from Proto-Indo-European *ned- (“to turn, twist, knot”). See also Proto-Germanic *natją (English net) and Irish nasc and snaidhm.


Edom

→ English: Edom

Via Koine Greek Ἐδώμ (Edṓm) from Biblical Hebrew אֱדוֹם (ʾĔḏōm).

Hae sunt autem generationes Esau, ipse est Edom

And these are the generations of Esau, the same is Edom

A male given name of historical usage, notably borne by Edom; a sobriquet of Esau in the Hebrew Bible

the tribe or nation which is said to be descended from Edom; Edomites


polenta

la-noun

polenta f (genitive polentae); first declension

polentae (genitive)
polenta (nominative singular)
polentae (nominative plural)
polentae (genitive singular)
polentārum (genitive plural)
polentae (dative singular)
polentīs (dative plural)
polentam (accusative singular)
polentās (accusative plural)
polentā (ablative singular)
polentīs (ablative plural)
polenta (singular vocative)
polentae (plural vocative)

French: polenta, polente

Friulian: polente

desctree

Italian: polenta
→ Catalan: polenta
→ English: polenta
→ Finnish: polenta
→ French: polenta
→ German: Polenta, Plente
→ Turkish: polenta

Romanian: polenta

Spanish: polenta

Venetan: połenta

→ Portuguese: polenta

→ Cimbrian: pult

[pɔˈɫ̪ɛn̪t̪ä]

From or related to pollen. Cf. also Ancient Greek πάλη (pálē).

pearl barley, peeled-barley, hulled and crushed grain, groats


silex

la-noun

silex m or f (genitive silicis); third declension

silicis (genitive)
silex (nominative singular)
silicēs (nominative plural)
silicis (genitive singular)
silicum (genitive plural)
silicī (dative singular)
silicibus (dative plural)
silicem (accusative singular)
silicēs (accusative plural)
silice (ablative singular)
silicibus (ablative plural)
silex (singular vocative)
silicēs (plural vocative)

Catalan: sílex

English: silex

French: silex

Italian: selce, silice

Portuguese: sílex, sílice

Romanian: silex

Sicilian: sìlici

Spanish: sílex, sílice

[ˈs̠ɪɫ̪ɛks̠]

Uncertain. Sometimes compared to silīgō and siliqua, both of unclear origin as well. De Vaan suggests that these are derivatives of silex, which have undergone a semantic shift “pebble” > “small pod”.


Caleb

tlb

(Late Latin, Ecclesiastical Latin, biblical)

→ English: Caleb

French: Caleb

Spanish: Caleb

Italian: Caleb

From Koine Greek Χάλεβ (Kháleb), from Biblical Hebrew כָּלֵב (Kālēḇ), possibly related to כֶּלֶב (keleḇ, “dog”), referring to dogs’ unconditional devotion to their masters.


flagellum

la-noun

flagellum n (genitive flagellī); second declension

flagellī (genitive)
flagellum (nominative singular)
flagella (nominative plural)
flagellī (genitive singular)
flagellōrum (genitive plural)
flagellō (dative singular)
flagellīs (dative plural)
flagellum (accusative singular)
flagella (accusative plural)
flagellō (ablative singular)
flagellīs (ablative plural)
flagellum (singular vocative)
flagella (plural vocative)

Dalmatian:

Dalmatian: frazial

North Italian:

Lombard: fièl, fiaèl

Gallo-Romance:

Franco-Provençal: flleyél, flél ⇒ eflleyél

Old French: flaiel, flael, flayau

French: fléau

Norman: fléel

Occitano-Romance:

Occitan:

Auvergnat: flagèl

Gascon: hlagèth, lagèth ⇒ eslagèth, ehlagèth

Languedocien: flagèl

Limousin: flageu, flagèl, fleu

Provençal: flagèu, flèu

Vivaro-Alpine: fleu, flel, flageu

Borrowings

→ Old Breton: flagell

→ Catalan: flagell, flagel

→ English: flagellum, flagellate

→ French: flagelle

→ Galician: flaxelo

→? Proto-West Germanic: *flagil (see there for further descendants)

desctree

→ Byzantine Greek: φραγέλλιον (phragéllion)
→ Aramaic:
Jewish Literary Aramaic: פְּרַגְלָא (fragəlā)
Classical Syriac: ܦܪܳܓܶܠܳܐ (frāgĕlā)
→ Arabic: فِرْجَوْن (firjawn), فِرْجَوْل (firjawl) — less often
→ Classical Syriac: ܦܪܓܘܢܐ
→ Ottoman Turkish: فرجول (fircevl)
→ Coptic: ⲫⲣⲁⲅⲉⲗⲗⲓⲟⲛ (phragellion)

→ Old Irish: sroigell
Irish: sroigheall

→ Italian: flagello

→ Occitan: flagèl

→ Portuguese: flagelo

→ Romanian: flagel

→ Spanish: flagelo

→ Swedish: flagell

→ Welsh: fflangell, possibly ffrewyll

[fɫ̪äˈɡɛlːʲʊ̃ˑ]

[…] nē lāneum latusculum manūsque mollicellās
inusta turpiter tibī flagella cōnscribillent […]

c. 84 BCE – 54 BCE, Catullus, Carmina 25.9–13

[…] so that your soft side and your tender hands
burning lashes may not shamefully scribble on […]

whip for driving animals (riding horses, cattle etc.)

[…] utque sub aequoribus dēprēnsum pōlypus hostem

[…] and how under the seas the polyp holds fast the captured enemy
with tentacles dispatched from every side.

continet ex omnī dīmissīs parte flagellīs.

Crās amōrum cōpulātrīx inter umbrās arborum

c. 4th century, Tiberianus, Pervigilium Veneris 5–6

Tomorrow the binder of loves amongst the shades of trees
weaves green cottages from myrtle branches.

implicat casās virentēs dē flagellō myrteō.


lignum

la-noun

lignum n (genitive lignī); second declension

lignī (genitive)
lignum (nominative singular)
ligna (nominative plural)
lignī (genitive singular)
lignōrum (genitive plural)
lignō (dative singular)
lignīs (dative plural)
lignum (accusative singular)
ligna (accusative plural)
lignō (ablative singular)
lignīs (ablative plural)
lignum (singular vocative)
ligna (plural vocative)

Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: lemnu, lem

Istro-Romanian: lĕmnĕ

Megleno-Romanian: lemnu, lemu

Romanian: lemn

Dalmatian:

lanc

Italo-Romance:

Corsican: legnu, legna, lenghju

Italian: legno, legna

Neapolitan: ligno, liuno, livuno, leuno

Sicilian: lignu, ligna

Rhaeto-Romance:

Friulian: len

Istriot: lìgno, lìgna

Ladin: lën, legn, lënia, legna

Romansch: lain, laina, lenn, len

Venetan:

Venetan: łegno, łen, łégna

Gallo-Romance:

Emilian: laggna

Ligurian: légno

Lombard: légn, légna

Piedmontese: lëgna

Romagnol: lègn, lègna

Old French: legne, laigne, ligne

Picard: laigne, laingne

Walloon: legn

Occitano-Romance:

Old Catalan: lenya

Catalan: llenya

Old Occitan: lenh, lenha

Occitan: lenha

Ibero-Romance:

Aragonese: lenya

desc

Asturian: lleña, lleiña, ḷḷeiña, ḷḷeña, ḷḷeñe, lleñe, lleñi, cheña, yeñi, yeña

Mirandese: lheinha

desctree

Old Galician-Portuguese: lenha
Fala: leña
Galician: leña
Portuguese: lenha (see there for further descendants)

Old Galician-Portuguese: lenho
Fala: leño
Galician: leño
Portuguese: lenho

Spanish: leño, leña

Insular Romance:

Sardinian: linna

Borrowings:

→ Esperanto: ligno

→ Welsh: llwyn

From Proto-Italic *legnom, from Proto-Indo-European *leǵ-no-m (“that which is collected”), from *leǵ- (“to collect”), with the Italic form interpreted as "wood collected for firemaking".
An alternative derivation from Proto-Indo-European *legʰ- (“to lie”), and associated interpretation as "stray wood", seems equally possible, phonetically and semantically.


vexo

la-verb

vexō (present infinitive vexāre, perfect active vexāvī, supine vexātum); first conjugation

vexō (canonical)
vexāre (infinitive present)
vexāvī (active perfect)
vexātum (supine)
vexō (active first-person indicative present singular)
vexās (active indicative present second-person singular)
vexat (active indicative present singular third-person)
vexāmus (active first-person indicative plural present)
vexātis (active indicative plural present second-person)
vexant (active indicative plural present third-person)
vexābam (active first-person imperfect indicative singular)
vexābās (active imperfect indicative second-person singular)
vexābat (active imperfect indicative singular third-person)
vexābāmus (active first-person imperfect indicative plural)
vexābātis (active imperfect indicative plural second-person)
vexābant (active imperfect indicative plural third-person)
vexābō (active first-person future indicative singular)
vexābis (active future indicative second-person singular)
vexābit (active future indicative singular third-person)
vexābimus (active first-person future indicative plural)
vexābitis (active future indicative plural second-person)
vexābunt (active future indicative plural third-person)
vexāvī (active first-person indicative perfect singular)
vexāvistī (active indicative perfect second-person singular)
vexāstī (active indicative perfect second-person singular)
vexāvit (active indicative perfect singular third-person)
vexāt (active indicative perfect singular third-person)
vexāvimus (active first-person indicative perfect plural)
vexāmus (active first-person indicative perfect plural)
vexāvistis (active indicative perfect plural second-person)
vexāstis (active indicative perfect plural second-person)
vexāvērunt (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
vexāvēre (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
vexārunt (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
vexāveram (active first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
vexāram (active first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
vexāverās (active indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
vexārās (active indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
vexāverat (active indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
vexārat (active indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
vexāverāmus (active first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
vexārāmus (active first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
vexāverātis (active indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
vexārātis (active indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
vexāverant (active indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
vexārant (active indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
vexāverō (active first-person future indicative perfect singular)
vexārō (active first-person future indicative perfect singular)
vexāveris (active future indicative perfect second-person singular)
vexāris (active future indicative perfect second-person singular)
vexāverit (active future indicative perfect singular third-person)
vexārit (active future indicative perfect singular third-person)
vexāverimus (active first-person future indicative perfect plural)
vexārimus (active first-person future indicative perfect plural)
vexāveritis (active future indicative perfect plural second-person)
vexāritis (active future indicative perfect plural second-person)
vexāverint (active future indicative perfect plural third-person)
vexārint (active future indicative perfect plural third-person)
vexor (first-person indicative passive present singular)
vexāris (indicative passive present second-person singular)
vexāre (indicative passive present second-person singular)
vexātur (indicative passive present singular third-person)
vexāmur (first-person indicative passive plural present)
vexāminī (indicative passive plural present second-person)
vexantur (indicative passive plural present third-person)
vexābar (first-person imperfect indicative passive singular)
vexābāris (imperfect indicative passive second-person singular)
vexābāre (imperfect indicative passive second-person singular)
vexābātur (imperfect indicative passive singular third-person)
vexābāmur (first-person imperfect indicative passive plural)
vexābāminī (imperfect indicative passive plural second-person)
vexābantur (imperfect indicative passive plural third-person)
vexābor (first-person future indicative passive singular)
vexāberis (future indicative passive second-person singular)
vexābere (future indicative passive second-person singular)
vexābitur (future indicative passive singular third-person)
vexābimur (first-person future indicative passive plural)
vexābiminī (future indicative passive plural second-person)
vexābuntur (future indicative passive plural third-person)
vexem (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
vexēs (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
vexet (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
vexēmus (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
vexētis (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
vexent (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
vexārem (active first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
vexārēs (active imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
vexāret (active imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
vexārēmus (active first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
vexārētis (active imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
vexārent (active imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
vexāverim (active first-person perfect singular subjunctive)
vexārim (active first-person perfect singular subjunctive)
vexāverīs (active perfect second-person singular subjunctive)
vexārīs (active perfect second-person singular subjunctive)
vexāverit (active perfect singular subjunctive third-person)
vexārit (active perfect singular subjunctive third-person)
vexāverīmus (active first-person perfect plural subjunctive)
vexārīmus (active first-person perfect plural subjunctive)
vexāverītis (active perfect plural second-person subjunctive)
vexārītis (active perfect plural second-person subjunctive)
vexāverint (active perfect plural subjunctive third-person)
vexārint (active perfect plural subjunctive third-person)
vexāvissem (active first-person pluperfect singular subjunctive)
vexāssem (active first-person pluperfect singular subjunctive)
vexāvissēs (active pluperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
vexāssēs (active pluperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
vexāvisset (active pluperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
vexāsset (active pluperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
vexāvissēmus (active first-person pluperfect plural subjunctive)
vexāssēmus (active first-person pluperfect plural subjunctive)
vexāvissētis (active pluperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
vexāssētis (active pluperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
vexāvissent (active pluperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
vexāssent (active pluperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
vexer (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
vexēris (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
vexēre (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
vexētur (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
vexēmur (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
vexēminī (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
vexentur (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
vexārer (first-person imperfect passive singular subjunctive)
vexārēris (imperfect passive second-person singular subjunctive)
vexārēre (imperfect passive second-person singular subjunctive)
vexārētur (imperfect passive singular subjunctive third-person)
vexārēmur (first-person imperfect passive plural subjunctive)
vexārēminī (imperfect passive plural second-person subjunctive)
vexārentur (imperfect passive plural subjunctive third-person)
vexā (active imperative present second-person singular)
vexāte (active imperative plural present second-person)
vexātō (active future imperative second-person singular)
vexātō (active future imperative singular third-person)
vexātōte (active future imperative plural second-person)
vexantō (active future imperative plural third-person)
vexāre (imperative passive present second-person singular)
vexāminī (imperative passive plural present second-person)
vexātor (future imperative passive second-person singular)
vexātor (future imperative passive singular third-person)
vexantor (future imperative passive plural third-person)
vexāre (active infinitive present)
vexāvisse (active infinitive perfect)
vexāsse (active infinitive perfect)
vexātūrum esse (active future infinitive)
vexārī (infinitive passive present)
vexātum esse (infinitive passive perfect)
vexātum īrī (future infinitive passive)
vexāns (active participle present)
vexātūrus (active future participle)
vexātus (participle passive perfect)
vexandus (future participle passive)
vexandī (genitive gerund noun-from-verb)
vexandō (dative gerund noun-from-verb)
vexandum (accusative gerund noun-from-verb)
vexandō (ablative gerund noun-from-verb)
vexātum (accusative noun-from-verb supine)
vexātū (ablative noun-from-verb supine)

Catalan: vexar

Galician: vexar

Italian: vessare

desctree

→ Old French: vexer
→ Middle English: vexen, vexe, vex, wexe
English: vex
Scots: vex
French: vexer

Piedmontese: vessé

Portuguese: vexar

Romanian: vexa

Spanish: vejar

From Proto-Indo-European *gʷegs-, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷog- (“to shake, swing”). Cognate with Old English cweccan (“to shake, swing, move, vibrate; shake off, give up”). More at quake.

cog

to vex, trouble (strong term, involving violence)


vappa

la-noun

vappa f (genitive vappae); first declension

vappae (genitive)
vappa (nominative singular)
vappae (nominative plural)
vappae (genitive singular)
vappārum (genitive plural)
vappae (dative singular)
vappīs (dative plural)
vappam (accusative singular)
vappās (accusative plural)
vappā (ablative singular)
vappīs (ablative plural)
vappa (singular vocative)
vappae (plural vocative)

Asturian: guapu

Portuguese: vapa

Sicilian: vappu

Spanish: guapo (see there for further descendants)

(figuratively, derogatory, by extension) worthless person, fop


Iacobus

la-proper noun

Iācōbus m (genitive Iācōbī); second declension

Iācōbus (canonical masculine)
Iācōbī (genitive)
Iācōbus (nominative singular)
Iācōbī (nominative plural)
Iācōbī (genitive singular)
Iācōbōrum (genitive plural)
Iācōbō (dative singular)
Iācōbīs (dative plural)
Iācōbum (accusative singular)
Iācōbōs (accusative plural)
Iācōbō (ablative singular)
Iācōbīs (ablative plural)
Iācōbe (singular vocative)
Iācōbī (plural vocative)

→ Albanian: Jakob

→ Asturian: Xacobu

→ Basque: Jagoba, Jakobi, Jakes

→ Breton: Jagu

→ Catalan: Jacob

→ Chichewa: Yakobo

→ Cornish: Jago

→ Czech: Jakub

⇒ Czech: Kuba (diminutive)

→ Danish: Jakob, Jacob

→ Faroese: Jákup, Jakob, Jacob

→ Icelandic: Jakob, Jakop

→ Estonian: Jaakup, Jaakob, Jaagup

⇒ Estonian: Jaak (diminutive)

→ Finnish: Jaakop

⇒ Finnish: Jaakoppi, Jaakuppi (diminutive)

desctree

⇒ Finnish: Jaakko (diminutive)
→ Northern Sami: Jáhko, Jágo

⇒ Finnish: Jäkki, Jaki (diminutive)

⇒ Finnish: Jaska, Jaskari, Jassi (diminutive)

⇒ Finnish: Jassi, Jasse, Jassu, Jasu (diminutive)

⇒ Finnish: Koppi (diminutive)

→ French: Jacob

→ Haitian Creole: Jakòb

→ Friulian: Jacob

→ German: Jakobus

→ Hungarian: Jakab, Jákob

→ Igbo: Jekọb

→ Italian: Jacopo

⇒ Italian: Giacobbe, Giacopo

⇒ Italian: Giaco (diminutive)

→ Kikuyu: Jakubu

→ Latvian: Jēkabs

→ Lithuanian: Jokūbas

→ Middle Dutch: jacob
Dutch: Jacob, Jakob, Jacobus, Jakobus
Afrikaans: Jacob, Jakob, Jacobus, Jakobus
Afrikaans: Cobus, Kobus, Jaco, Jako, Koos

→ Middle English: Iacob
⇒ English: Jacob
⇒ English: Jakob, Jaycob, Jaykob
⇒ English: Jake, Jack, Jay (diminutive)
⇒ English: Jeb (diminutive)
⇒ English: Coby, Koby, Kobe (diminutive)
→ Hawaiian: Iakobo, Iakoba, Iakopo, Iakopa
→ Maori: Hakopa

→ Middle High German: Jācob
→ Alemannic German: Jakob
⇒ Alemannic German: Jakobli (diminutive)
⇒ Alemannic German: Joggi (diminutive)
⇒ Alemannic German: Jockel (diminutive)
⇒ Alemannic German: Jockeli (diminutive)
⇒ Alemannic German: Köbi, Chöbi (diminutive)
→ Bavarian: Jakob
⇒ Bavarian: Jackl (diminutive)
Central Franconian:
Hunsrik: Jakob
German: Jakob, Jacob
⇒ German: Jakobi, Jakobi
⇒ German: Jakobchen (diminutive)
⇒ German: Köb, Köbes, Koeeb (diminutive)
⇒ German: Jäggi, Joggi (diminutive)
⇒ German: Jeckel, Jäckel (diminutive)
⇒ German: Jockel, Jokel (diminutive)
→ English: yokel (noun)

→ Norman: Jâcob

→ Northern Sami: Jáhkot, Jágát

⇒ Northern Sami: Járre, Járri (diminutive)

→ Norwegian: Jacob, Jakob

→ Old French: Jacques

⇒ French: Jacques
Haitian Creole: Jak
→ Albanian: Zhak, Xhak, Xhakë
→ Dutch: Sjaak
→ English: Jacques, Jack (more often a diminutive of John)
→ Latvian: Žaks
→ Chinese: → 雅克 (Yǎkè) (transliteration)

⇒ Norman: Jacques

→ Old Irish: Iacób, Iacob

⇒ Irish: Iacób

→ Old Norse: Jakaupr

⇒ Old Gutnish: Jakaup

desc

⇒ Old Swedish: Japer, Jåper, Joper, Jopper, Ieppa

⇒ Swedish: Jap Jepp, Jop, Jp, Jåp, Ieb, Iep, Iepp (diminutive)

⇒ Old Danish: Jeip, Jep (diminutive)

⇒ Danish: Jep, Jepp, Ib, Ip

⇒ Old Danish: Jeppa (diminutive)

⇒ Danish: Jeppe

→ Swedish: Jeppe, Jeppa

desctree

→ Old Galician-Portuguese: Jacob, Jacobe, Jacobo
Galician: Xacobe, Xacob, Jacobe (reintegrationist), Xagobe, Jagobe (reintegrationist)
Portuguese: Jacó, Jacob, Jacobe, Jacobo
→ Hunsrik: Schakoh

Old Spanish: Yago, Iago
Spanish: Yago, Iago
→ Galician: Iago
→ Portuguese: Iago

→ Polish: Jakub

⇒ Polish: Kuba (diminutive)
→ Vilamovian: Küba

→ Romanian: Iacob

→ Samoan: Iakopo

⇒ Sardinian: Giagu, Iacu

→ Scots: Jaucob

⇒ Sicilian: Jàbbucu

→ Slovak: Jakub

⇒ Slovak: Jaka, Jaša (diminutive)

→ Slovene: Jakob

→ Sotho: Jakobo

→ Spanish: Jacobo

⇒ Spanish: Cobo (diminutive)

→ Swahili: Yakobo

→ Swedish: Jacob, Jakob

⇒ Swedish: Jacke, Jack (diminutive)

→ Finnish: Jakke, Jakki, Jaki

→ Vietnamese: Giacôbê (Catholic), Giacơ (Protestant)

→ Walloon: Djåcob

→ Welsh: Iago, Jac

→ West Flemish: Jakob

⇒ West Flemish: Jaak (diminutive)

→ Yoruba: Jakọbù

→ Zulu: Jakobe

Franco-Provençal: Jacquèmo

Italian: Giacomo

Italian: Giaco, Giachi, Giacomino, Mino (diminutive)

→ Maltese: Ġakmu

→ Portuguese: Jácomo

→ Navarro-Aragonese:

→ Aragonese: Chaime

Old French: James

Middle French: James

French: James

Norman: Jimce

→ Middle English: James, Ȝame, Gemes, Iam, Iames, Iamys, Iame, Ieme
⇒ English: James
⇒ English: Jim (diminutive)
⇒ English: Jimmy, Jimmie, Jimmi, Jimi (diminutive)
⇒ English: Jimbo (diminutive)
→ Hindi: जिम्बो (jimbo)
→ Hawaiian: Kimo
⇒ English: Jem (diminutive)
⇒ English: Jemmy (diminutive)
⇒ English: Jamie, Jamey (diminutive)
⇒ English: Jay (diminutive)
→ Chinese: → 詹姆斯 (Zhānmǔsī) (transliteration)
→ Cornish: Jammes, Jamma
→ Danish: James
→ Fijian: Semesa
→ Icelandic: James
→ Irish: Séamas, Séamus, Seumas
→ English: Seamus, Shamus
→ Manx: Jayms
→ Maori: Hemi
→ Samoan: Semisi
→ Scottish Gaelic: Seumas
→ English: Hamish
→ Swedish: James
→ Welsh: Siâms
⇒ Scots: Jeams
⇒ Scots: Jeamie, Jeemie, Jamie, Jaimie (diminutive)
⇒ Scots: Jeamock (diminutive)
⇒ Scots: Jamesie (diminutive)
⇒ Scots: Jizer (diminutive)
⇒ Scots: Peem, Pim (diminutive)
⇒ Scots: Pimmie (diminutive)
⇒ Scots: Peemser (diminutive)
Yola: Jaames

Old Leonese:

Asturian: Xaime

Old Occitan:

Catalan: Jaume, Jaumet, Jacme

Occitan: Jacme

Old Spanish: Jayme, Jaime
Spanish: Jaime
→ Old Galician-Portuguese: Jayme, Jaymes, Jaime, Jame, James
Galician: Xaime
Portuguese: Jaime

⇒ Rhaeto-Romance:

Friulian: Jacum

Venetan: Jacomo

Italo-Dalmatian:

Sicilian: San Jàbbucu

Old Galician-Portuguese: Santiago, Santyago, Sãtiago, Sãtyago, Ssantiago
Fala: Santiago
Galician: Santiago
Portuguese: Santiago

desc

Old Spanish: Santiago, Sant Iago, Sant Yago, Santo Yago, Santo Iago

Spanish: Santiago

→ Asturian: Santiago

→ Basque: Xanti

→ Catalan: Santiago

→ Cebuano: Santiago

→ English: Santiago

English: Sandy, Sandi, Sandie

Spanish: Santi

[i̯äːˈkoːbʊs̠]

From Ancient Greek Ἰάκωβος (Iákōbos), from Biblical Hebrew יַעֲקֹב (Ya‘ăqṓḇ, “Jacob”, literally “he will/shall heel”), from עָקֵב (‘āqḗḇ, “heel of the foot”).

der

Iacobus Quintus, Rex Scotorum

Iacobus Dei Gratia Angliæ Primus & Scotiæ Sextus Rex

James, King by the Grace of God, the First of England & the Sixth of Scotland

a male given name, equivalent to English Jacob or James


pedes

la-noun

pedes m (genitive peditis); third declension

peditis (genitive)
pedes (nominative singular)
peditēs (nominative plural)
peditis (genitive singular)
peditum (genitive plural)
peditī (dative singular)
peditibus (dative plural)
peditem (accusative singular)
peditēs (accusative plural)
pedite (ablative singular)
peditibus (ablative plural)
pedes (singular vocative)
peditēs (plural vocative)

From pēs (“foot”) + -es (“-faring”), from eō (“I fare, go”). Compare āles, eques, caeles.


murra

murra f (genitive murrae); first declension

murrae (genitive)
murra (nominative singular)
murrae (nominative plural)
murrae (genitive singular)
murrārum (genitive plural)
murrae (dative singular)
murrīs (dative plural)
murram (accusative singular)
murrās (accusative plural)
murrā (ablative singular)
murrīs (ablative plural)
murra (singular vocative)
murrae (plural vocative)

From Ancient Greek μύρρᾱ (múrrhā), of Semitic origin.


Elisabeth

Elisabeth (nominative singular)
Elisabeth (genitive singular)
Elisabeth (dative singular)
Elisabeth (accusative singular)
Elisabeth (ablative singular)
Elisabeth (singular vocative)

Italian: Elisabetta

[ɛˈlʲɪs̠äbɛt̪ʰ]

From Ancient Greek Ἐλισάβετ (Elisábet), a transliteration of the Old Testament Biblical Hebrew אלישבע (Elisheva, “my God is an oath”)


celia

la-noun

celia f (genitive celiae); first declension

celiae (genitive)
celia (nominative singular)
celiae (nominative plural)
celiae (genitive singular)
celiārum (genitive plural)
celiae (dative singular)
celiīs (dative plural)
celiam (accusative singular)
celiās (accusative plural)
celiā (ablative singular)
celiīs (ablative plural)
celia (singular vocative)
celiae (plural vocative)


aqua vitae

aqua vītae f sg (genitive aquae vītae); first declension

aqua vītae (canonical feminine singular)
aquae vītae (genitive)
aqua vītae (nominative singular)
aquae vītae (genitive singular)
aquae vītae (dative singular)
aquam vītae (accusative singular)
aquā vītae (ablative singular)
aqua vītae (singular vocative)

> Romanian: apă vie (inherited)

desctree

→ Danish: akvavit
→ English: akvavit, aquavit

→ French: eau-de-vie (calque)
→ English: eau de vie

→ German: Aquavit

→ Icelandic: ákavíti

→ Italian: acquavite

→ Middle English: aqua vite
> English: aqua vitae, aqua vitæ (inherited)

→ Middle Irish: uisce betha (calque)

> Irish: uisce beatha (inherited)

desc

> Scottish Gaelic: uisge-beatha (inherited)

→ English: usquebaugh, whiskey

→ Scots: usquebae, whisky

→ Polish: akwawita

desctree

→ Polish: okowita (archaic)
→ Belarusian: акаві́та (akavíta)
→ Lithuanian: akavità
→ Ukrainian: окови́та (okovýta)

→? Romanian: apă vieții (calque)

[ˈäkʷä ˈu̯iːt̪äe̯]

From aqua (“water”) + vītae (“of life”).

(Medieval Latin) liquor, distilled alcohol


Absalon

la-proper noun

Absalōn m sg (genitive Absalōnis); third declension

Absalōn (canonical masculine singular)
Absalōnis (genitive)
Absalōn (nominative singular)
Absalōnis (genitive singular)
Absalōnī (dative singular)
Absalōnem (accusative singular)
Absalōne (ablative singular)
Absalōn (singular vocative)

[ˈäps̠äɫ̪oːn]

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Ἀβεσαλώμ (Abesalṓm), derived from Biblical Hebrew אַבְשָׁלוֹם (Avshalóm).


Achaz

Achaz (nominative singular)
Achaz (genitive singular)
Achaz (dative singular)
Achaz (accusative singular)
Achaz (ablative singular)
Achaz (singular vocative)

[ˈäːkäd̪͡z̪]

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Ἄχαζ (Ákhaz), derived from Biblical Hebrew אָחָז (ʼĀḥāz).


Goliath

Goliath (nominative singular)
Goliath (genitive singular)
Goliath (dative singular)
Goliath (accusative singular)
Goliath (ablative singular)
Goliath (singular vocative)

[ˈɡɔlʲiät̪ʰ]

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Γολιάθ (Goliáth), derived from Biblical Hebrew גָּלְיָת (golyāṯ).


bibliotheca

la-noun

bibliothēca f (genitive bibliothēcae); first declension

bibliothēca (canonical feminine)
bibliothēcae (genitive)
bibliothēca (nominative singular)
bibliothēcae (nominative plural)
bibliothēcae (genitive singular)
bibliothēcārum (genitive plural)
bibliothēcae (dative singular)
bibliothēcīs (dative plural)
bibliothēcam (accusative singular)
bibliothēcās (accusative plural)
bibliothēcā (ablative singular)
bibliothēcīs (ablative plural)
bibliothēca (singular vocative)
bibliothēcae (plural vocative)

→ Albanian: bibliotekë

→ Asturian: biblioteca

→ Catalan: biblioteca

→ English: bibliotheca

→ Galician: biblioteca

→ Italian: biblioteca

→ Middle French: bibliotheque

desctree

French: bibliothèque
→ Belarusian: бібліятэ́ка (biblijatéka)
→ Bulgarian: библиотека (biblioteka)
→ Danish: bibliotek
→ Dutch: bibliotheek
Afrikaans: biblioteek
→ Indonesian: bibliotek
→ German: Bibliothek
→ Latvian: bibliotēka
→ Lithuanian: biblioteka
→ Lower Sorbian: biblioteka
→ Norwegian Bokmål: bibliotek
→ Norwegian Nynorsk: bibliotek
→ Polish: biblioteka
→ Russian: библиоте́ка (bibliotéka)
→ Serbo-Croatian: библиоте́ка (bibliotéka)
→ Swedish: bibliotek
→ Turkish: bibliyotek
→ Ukrainian: бібліоте́ка (bibliotéka)
→ Upper Sorbian: biblioteka
→ Yiddish: ביבליאָטעק (biblyotek)

→ English: bibliotheque

→ Norman: bibliothèque

→ Occitan: bibliotèca

→ Old Spanish:

Ladino: biblioteka

Spanish: biblioteca
→ Tagalog: bibliyoteka

→ Portuguese: biblioteca

→ Romanian: bibliotecă

From Ancient Greek βιβλιοθήκη (bibliothḗkē, “library”), from βιβλίον (biblíon) + θήκη (thḗkē).

compound

βιβλίον (biblíon) + θήκη (thḗkē)

a library (room for books or collection of books)


vitrum

la-noun

vitrum n (genitive vitrī); second declension

vitrī (genitive)
vitrum (nominative singular)
vitra (nominative plural)
vitrī (genitive singular)
vitrōrum (genitive plural)
vitrō (dative singular)
vitrīs (dative plural)
vitrum (accusative singular)
vitra (accusative plural)
vitrō (ablative singular)
vitrīs (ablative plural)
vitrum (singular vocative)
vitra (plural vocative)

Franco-Provençal: vitra

Gallo-Italic:

Emilian: vaider

Lombard: védar, veder, védér, vedri

Piedmontese: véder

Romagnol: védar, vóidar

Italo-Dalmatian:

Corsican: vetru

Dalmatian: viatro

Italian: vetro

Sicilian: vitru

Old Occitan:

Catalan: vidre

Occitan: veire

Old French: voirre

French: verre, → vitre

⇒ French: verrine
→ English: verrine

⇒ French: vitrine (see there for further descendants)

Norman: vitre, verre

Rhaeto-Romance:

Friulian: veri

Ladin: vierech

Romansch: vaider

desc

Sardinian: bídri, bidru, birdi, bírdiu, birdu, bridu, fidru, vidru

Venetan: véro, viéro

West Iberian:

Aragonese: veire

Non-Romance borrowings:

desctree

→ Proto-Brythonic: *gwɨdr
Middle Breton: guezr
Breton: gwer
Middle Cornish: gweder
Cornish: gweder
Middle Welsh: gwydyr
Welsh: gwydr

⇒ English: vitreous, vitrify

→ Esperanto: vitro

→ German: in vitro

→ Greek: βιτρίνα (vitrína)

→ Swedish: vitrös

[ˈu̯ɪt̪rʊ̃ˑ]

Nominalised from Proto-Indo-European *wed-ro- (literally “water-like”), from the root *wed- (“water”). For the semantic development compare Persian آبگینه (âbgina, “glass”). The plant and its dye were named after the color of glass in antiquity.

inh

Mihi dicendum est de materia, ex qua vitrum conficitur.

I must talk about this material, from which glass is produced.


poema

la-noun

poēma n (genitive poēmatis); third declension

poēma (canonical neuter)
poēmatis (genitive)
poēma (nominative singular)
poēmata (nominative plural)
poēmatis (genitive singular)
poēmatum (genitive plural)
poēmatī (dative singular)
poēmatibus (dative plural)
poēma (accusative singular)
poēmata (accusative plural)
poēmate (ablative singular)
poēmatibus (ablative plural)
poēma (singular vocative)
poēmata (plural vocative)

Asturian: poema

Catalan: poema

French: poème

Galician: poema

German: Poem

Italian: poema

Piedmontese: poema

Portuguese: poema

Romanian: poem

Sicilian: puima

Spanish: poema

From Ancient Greek ποίημα (poíēma), from ποιέω (poiéō).


mercator

mercātor m (genitive mercātōris, feminine mercātrīx); third declension

mercātor (canonical masculine)
mercātōris (genitive)
mercātrīx (feminine)
mercātor (nominative singular)
mercātōrēs (nominative plural)
mercātōris (genitive singular)
mercātōrum (genitive plural)
mercātōrī (dative singular)
mercātōribus (dative plural)
mercātōrem (accusative singular)
mercātōrēs (accusative plural)
mercātōre (ablative singular)
mercātōribus (ablative plural)
mercātor (singular vocative)
mercātōrēs (plural vocative)

Old Galician-Portuguese: mercador

Portuguese: mercador

From mercor (“trade, deal in goods”) + -tor.


imperatrix

imperātrīx f (genitive imperātrīcis, masculine imperātor); third declension

imperātrīx (canonical feminine)
imperātrīcis (genitive)
imperātor (masculine)
imperātrīx (nominative singular)
imperātrīcēs (nominative plural)
imperātrīcis (genitive singular)
imperātrīcum (genitive plural)
imperātrīcī (dative singular)
imperātrīcibus (dative plural)
imperātrīcem (accusative singular)
imperātrīcēs (accusative plural)
imperātrīce (ablative singular)
imperātrīcibus (ablative plural)
imperātrīx (singular vocative)
imperātrīcēs (plural vocative)

desctree

Old French: empereriz, empereiz, emperice (Anglo-Norman)
→ Middle English: emperice
English: empress
Scots: empress

desc

→ Old Galician-Portuguese: emperadriz, emperadrix (semi-learned)

Galician: emperatriz (influenced by Latin)

Portuguese: imperatriz (influenced by Latin)

→ French: impératrice

→ Italian: imperatrice

→ Russian: императрица (imperatrica)

→ Old Spanish: emperatrix (semi-learned)

→ Spanish: emperatriz

From imperō (“to command, order”) + -trīx. Compare imperātor.


Matthias

la-proper noun

Matthiās m sg (genitive Matthiae); first declension

Matthiās (canonical masculine singular)
Matthiae (genitive)
Matthiās (nominative singular)
Matthiae (genitive singular)
Matthiae (dative singular)
Matthiān (accusative singular)
Matthiam (accusative singular)
Matthiā (ablative singular)
Matthiā (singular vocative)

[ˈmät̪ːʰiäːs̠]

From the Koine Greek Ματθίας (Matthías), Μαθθίας (Maththías), contracted from Ματταθίας (Mattathías), from the Biblical Hebrew מַתִּתְיָהוּ (Mattiṯyā́hū, literally “gift of God”). Compare Matthaeus.

der

מַתִּתְיָהוּ

AD 2nd century, Acta Andreae et Matthiae apud Anthropophagos [The Acts of Andrew and Matthias among the Anthropophagi]

Saint Matthias (the Apostle chosen to replace Judas Iscariot after the latter’s Betrayal of Christ and subsequent suicide)


Nabuchodonosor

la-proper noun

Nabūchodonosor m sg (genitive Nabūchodonosōris); third declension

Nabūchodonosor (canonical masculine singular)
Nabūchodonosōris (genitive)
Nabūchodonosor (nominative singular)
Nabūchodonosōris (genitive singular)
Nabūchodonosōrī (dative singular)
Nabūchodonosōrem (accusative singular)
Nabūchodonosōre (ablative singular)
Nabūchodonosor (singular vocative)

→ Italian: Nabucodonosor

Italian: Nabucco

[näbuːkʰɔˈd̪ɔnɔs̠ɔr]

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Ναβουχοδονόσορ (Naboukhodonósor), derived from Biblical Hebrew נְבוּכַדְנֶאצַּר (nəḇûḵaḏneʾṣṣár) and ultimately from Akkadian 𒀭𒀝𒆪𒁺𒌨𒊑𒋀 (Nabû-kudurri-uṣur)

bor

Ναβουχοδονόσορ

der

נְבוּכַדְנֶאצַּר

nəḇûḵaḏneʾṣṣár

(biblical) Nebuchadnezzar, ruler of Babylonia


biologus

la-noun

biologus m (genitive biologī); second declension

biologī (genitive)
biologus (nominative singular)
biologī (nominative plural)
biologī (genitive singular)
biologōrum (genitive plural)
biologō (dative singular)
biologīs (dative plural)
biologum (accusative singular)
biologōs (accusative plural)
biologō (ablative singular)
biologīs (ablative plural)
biologe (singular vocative)
biologī (plural vocative)

[biˈɔɫ̪ɔɡʊs̠]


Jeremias

la-proper noun

Jērē̆mī̆ās m sg (genitive Jērē̆mī̆ae); first declension

Jērē̆mī̆ās (canonical masculine singular)
Jērē̆mī̆ae (genitive)
Jērē̆mī̆ās (nominative singular)
Jērē̆mī̆ae (genitive singular)
Jērē̆mī̆ae (dative singular)
Jērē̆mī̆ān (accusative singular)
Jērē̆mī̆ā (ablative singular)
Jērē̆mī̆ā (singular vocative)

From the Ancient Greek Ἰερεμίας (Ieremías), from the Biblical Hebrew יִרְמְיָה.

a male given name from Hebrew — famously held by:

(biblical) Jeremiah (major prophet of the Hebrew Bible)

(biblical, more fully “Liber Jeremiae”) (Book of) Jeremiah (book of the Old Testament)


Samson

Samsōn m sg (genitive Samsōnis); third declension

Samsōn (canonical masculine singular)
Samsōnis (genitive)
Samsōn (nominative singular)
Samsōnis (genitive singular)
Samsōnī (dative singular)
Samsōnem (accusative singular)
Samsōne (ablative singular)
Samsōn (singular vocative)

Italian: Sansone

[ˈs̠ä̃ːs̠oːn]

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Σαμψών (Sampsṓn), from Biblical Hebrew שִׁמְשׁוֹן (Shimshon).


administra

la-noun

administra f (genitive administrae, masculine administer); first declension

administrae (genitive)
administer (masculine)
administra (nominative singular)
administrae (nominative plural)
administrae (genitive singular)
administrārum (genitive plural)
administrae (dative singular)
administrīs (dative plural)
administram (accusative singular)
administrās (accusative plural)
administrā (ablative singular)
administrīs (ablative plural)
administra (singular vocative)
administrae (plural vocative)

[äd̪mɪˈnɪs̠t̪rä]

From administer (“assistant, helper, supporter”) + -a (feminine suffix).

af

assistant, helper, servant (female); handmaiden


alea

la-noun

ālea f (genitive āleae); first declension

ālea (canonical feminine)
āleae (genitive)
ālea (nominative singular)
āleae (nominative plural)
āleae (genitive singular)
āleārum (genitive plural)
āleae (dative singular)
āleīs (dative plural)
āleam (accusative singular)
āleās (accusative plural)
āleā (ablative singular)
āleīs (ablative plural)
ālea (singular vocative)
āleae (plural vocative)

→ Italian: alea

→ Spanish: álea, aleas

Originally "pivot-bone" or "joint-bone", since bones were used as early dice; from axis (via a form *axlea).

Caesar: ... "Iacta alea est", inquit.

c. 69 CE – 122 CE, Suetonius, De vita Caesarum divi Iuli 33


Alternative form of ⸱, the word divider.


iambus

iambus m (genitive iambī); second declension

iambī (genitive)
iambus (nominative singular)
iambī (nominative plural)
iambī (genitive singular)
iambōrum (genitive plural)
iambō (dative singular)
iambīs (dative plural)
iambum (accusative singular)
iambōs (accusative plural)
iambō (ablative singular)
iambīs (ablative plural)
iambe (singular vocative)
iambī (plural vocative)

Catalan: iambe

→ English: iambus

French: ïambe

→ English: iamb

Galician: iambo

→ German: Jambus

Italian: giambo

Portuguese: iambo

Spanish: yambo

From Ancient Greek ἴαμβος (íambos, “a poetic meter”).


lacte

la-noun

lacte n (genitive lactis); third declension

lactis (genitive)
lacte (nominative singular)
lactis (genitive singular)
lactī (dative singular)
lacte (accusative singular)
lacte (ablative singular)
lacte (singular vocative)

(archaic, Medieval Latin) Alternative form of lac (“milk”)


liberta

līberta f (genitive lībertae); first declension

līberta (canonical feminine)
lībertae (genitive)
līberta (nominative singular)
lībertae (nominative plural)
lībertae (genitive singular)
lībertārum (genitive plural)
lībertae (dative singular)
lībertīs (dative plural)
lībertābus (dative plural)
lībertam (accusative singular)
lībertās (accusative plural)
lībertā (ablative singular)
lībertīs (ablative plural)
lībertābus (ablative plural)
līberta (singular vocative)
lībertae (plural vocative)

Feminine of lībertus (“freedman”); lībertus + -a (feminine suffix).


murmuro

la-verb

murmurō (present infinitive murmurāre, perfect active murmurāvī, supine murmurātum); first conjugation

murmurō (canonical)
murmurāre (infinitive present)
murmurāvī (active perfect)
murmurātum (supine)
murmurō (active first-person indicative present singular)
murmurās (active indicative present second-person singular)
murmurat (active indicative present singular third-person)
murmurāmus (active first-person indicative plural present)
murmurātis (active indicative plural present second-person)
murmurant (active indicative plural present third-person)
murmurābam (active first-person imperfect indicative singular)
murmurābās (active imperfect indicative second-person singular)
murmurābat (active imperfect indicative singular third-person)
murmurābāmus (active first-person imperfect indicative plural)
murmurābātis (active imperfect indicative plural second-person)
murmurābant (active imperfect indicative plural third-person)
murmurābō (active first-person future indicative singular)
murmurābis (active future indicative second-person singular)
murmurābit (active future indicative singular third-person)
murmurābimus (active first-person future indicative plural)
murmurābitis (active future indicative plural second-person)
murmurābunt (active future indicative plural third-person)
murmurāvī (active first-person indicative perfect singular)
murmurāvistī (active indicative perfect second-person singular)
murmurāvit (active indicative perfect singular third-person)
murmurāvimus (active first-person indicative perfect plural)
murmurāvistis (active indicative perfect plural second-person)
murmurāvērunt (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
murmurāvēre (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
murmurāveram (active first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
murmurāverās (active indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
murmurāverat (active indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
murmurāverāmus (active first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
murmurāverātis (active indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
murmurāverant (active indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
murmurāverō (active first-person future indicative perfect singular)
murmurāveris (active future indicative perfect second-person singular)
murmurāverit (active future indicative perfect singular third-person)
murmurāverimus (active first-person future indicative perfect plural)
murmurāveritis (active future indicative perfect plural second-person)
murmurāverint (active future indicative perfect plural third-person)
murmuror (first-person indicative passive present singular)
murmurāris (indicative passive present second-person singular)
murmurāre (indicative passive present second-person singular)
murmurātur (indicative passive present singular third-person)
murmurāmur (first-person indicative passive plural present)
murmurāminī (indicative passive plural present second-person)
murmurantur (indicative passive plural present third-person)
murmurābar (first-person imperfect indicative passive singular)
murmurābāris (imperfect indicative passive second-person singular)
murmurābāre (imperfect indicative passive second-person singular)
murmurābātur (imperfect indicative passive singular third-person)
murmurābāmur (first-person imperfect indicative passive plural)
murmurābāminī (imperfect indicative passive plural second-person)
murmurābantur (imperfect indicative passive plural third-person)
murmurābor (first-person future indicative passive singular)
murmurāberis (future indicative passive second-person singular)
murmurābere (future indicative passive second-person singular)
murmurābitur (future indicative passive singular third-person)
murmurābimur (first-person future indicative passive plural)
murmurābiminī (future indicative passive plural second-person)
murmurābuntur (future indicative passive plural third-person)
murmurem (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
murmurēs (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
murmuret (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
murmurēmus (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
murmurētis (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
murmurent (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
murmurārem (active first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
murmurārēs (active imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
murmurāret (active imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
murmurārēmus (active first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
murmurārētis (active imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
murmurārent (active imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
murmurāverim (active first-person perfect singular subjunctive)
murmurāverīs (active perfect second-person singular subjunctive)
murmurāverit (active perfect singular subjunctive third-person)
murmurāverīmus (active first-person perfect plural subjunctive)
murmurāverītis (active perfect plural second-person subjunctive)
murmurāverint (active perfect plural subjunctive third-person)
murmurāvissem (active first-person pluperfect singular subjunctive)
murmurāvissēs (active pluperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
murmurāvisset (active pluperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
murmurāvissēmus (active first-person pluperfect plural subjunctive)
murmurāvissētis (active pluperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
murmurāvissent (active pluperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
murmurer (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
murmurēris (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
murmurēre (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
murmurētur (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
murmurēmur (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
murmurēminī (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
murmurentur (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
murmurārer (first-person imperfect passive singular subjunctive)
murmurārēris (imperfect passive second-person singular subjunctive)
murmurārēre (imperfect passive second-person singular subjunctive)
murmurārētur (imperfect passive singular subjunctive third-person)
murmurārēmur (first-person imperfect passive plural subjunctive)
murmurārēminī (imperfect passive plural second-person subjunctive)
murmurārentur (imperfect passive plural subjunctive third-person)
murmurā (active imperative present second-person singular)
murmurāte (active imperative plural present second-person)
murmurātō (active future imperative second-person singular)
murmurātō (active future imperative singular third-person)
murmurātōte (active future imperative plural second-person)
murmurantō (active future imperative plural third-person)
murmurāre (imperative passive present second-person singular)
murmurāminī (imperative passive plural present second-person)
murmurātor (future imperative passive second-person singular)
murmurātor (future imperative passive singular third-person)
murmurantor (future imperative passive plural third-person)
murmurāre (active infinitive present)
murmurāvisse (active infinitive perfect)
murmurātūrum esse (active future infinitive)
murmurārī (infinitive passive present)
murmurātum esse (infinitive passive perfect)
murmurātum īrī (future infinitive passive)
murmurāns (active participle present)
murmurātūrus (active future participle)
murmurātus (participle passive perfect)
murmurandus (future participle passive)
murmurandī (genitive gerund noun-from-verb)
murmurandō (dative gerund noun-from-verb)
murmurandum (accusative gerund noun-from-verb)
murmurandō (ablative gerund noun-from-verb)
murmurātum (accusative noun-from-verb supine)
murmurātū (ablative noun-from-verb supine)

Albanian: murmuroj

Aromanian: murmuredz

Catalan: murmurar

Czech: mumlat

English: murmur

French: murmurer

German: murmeln

Italian: mormorare

Old Galician-Portuguese: murmurar

desc

Galician: murmurar, marmurar (popular form)

Portuguese: murmurar

Romanian: murmura

Sicilian: murmurari

Spanish: murmurar

Serbo-Croatian: mr̀mljati


matara

la-noun

matara f (genitive matarae); first declension

matarae (genitive)
matara (nominative singular)
matarae (nominative plural)
matarae (genitive singular)
matarārum (genitive plural)
matarae (dative singular)
matarīs (dative plural)
mataram (accusative singular)
matarās (accusative plural)
matarā (ablative singular)
matarīs (ablative plural)
matara (singular vocative)
matarae (plural vocative)

Cum milites Romani exercitum Gallicum oppugnavissent, bellatores Gallici impetum mataris arcuerunt

When the Roman soldiers attacked the Gaulish army, the Gallic warriors repelled the attack with javelins


cibus

cibus m (genitive cibī); second declension

cibī (genitive)
cibus (nominative singular)
cibī (nominative plural)
cibī (genitive singular)
cibōrum (genitive plural)
cibō (dative singular)
cibīs (dative plural)
cibum (accusative singular)
cibōs (accusative plural)
cibō (ablative singular)
cibīs (ablative plural)
cibe (singular vocative)
cibī (plural vocative)

Italo-Romance:

Neapolitan: civo

Abruzzo: /ˈt͡ʃajvə/, /ˈt͡ʃojvə/

Sicilian: civu

North Italian:

Ladin: /ˈt͡ʃejf/ (Valgardena)

San-Fratello Lombard: /ˈt͡sajf/

Ibero-Romance:

Asturian: cebu

Galician: cebo

Portuguese: cevo

Spanish: cebo

Insular Romance:

desc

Sardinian: chibu, chivu (Nuorese), chiu, criu, cria (Logudorese), ciu, giu (Campidanian)

Borrowings:

→ Italian: cibo

→ Portuguese: cibo

→ Romanian: cib

→ Spanish: cibo

Of unknown origin. Perhaps borrowed from Ancient Greek κίβος (kíbos, “box, chest”) / κίβισις (kíbisis, “pouch”).


Raphael

la-proper noun

Rāphāēl m sg (genitive Rāphāēlis); third declension

Rāphāēl (canonical masculine singular)
Rāphāēlis (genitive)
Rāphāēl (nominative singular)
Rāphāēlis (genitive singular)
Rāphāēlī (dative singular)
Rāphāēlem (accusative singular)
Rāphāēle (ablative singular)
Rāphāēl (singular vocative)

From Koine Greek Ῥᾱφᾱήλ (Rhāphāḗl), from Biblical Hebrew רָפָאֵל (Rāfāʾēl).

a male given name, equivalent to English Raphael


procurator

la-noun

prōcūrātor m (genitive prōcūrātōris); third declension

prōcūrātor (canonical masculine)
prōcūrātōris (genitive)
prōcūrātor (nominative singular)
prōcūrātōrēs (nominative plural)
prōcūrātōris (genitive singular)
prōcūrātōrum (genitive plural)
prōcūrātōrī (dative singular)
prōcūrātōribus (dative plural)
prōcūrātōrem (accusative singular)
prōcūrātōrēs (accusative plural)
prōcūrātōre (ablative singular)
prōcūrātōribus (ablative plural)
prōcūrātor (singular vocative)
prōcūrātōrēs (plural vocative)

→ Catalan: procurador

→ German: Prokuratur

→ Hungarian: prokurátor (obsolete) → prókátor

→ Italian: procuratore

→ Old French: procuratour

→ Middle English: procuratour, proctour

English: procurator, proctor

French: procurateur

→ Old Irish: procatóir

Irish: prócadóir

→ Polish: prokurator

→ Portuguese: procurador

→ Romanian: procurator

→ Spanish: procurador

From prōcūrō (“I manage, administer”) + -tor.

tax collector (during the imperial eras)


mucro

mūcrō m (genitive mūcrōnis); third declension

mūcrō (canonical masculine)
mūcrōnis (genitive)
mūcrō (nominative singular)
mūcrōnēs (nominative plural)
mūcrōnis (genitive singular)
mūcrōnum (genitive plural)
mūcrōnī (dative singular)
mūcrōnibus (dative plural)
mūcrōnem (accusative singular)
mūcrōnēs (accusative plural)
mūcrōne (ablative singular)
mūcrōnibus (ablative plural)
mūcrō (singular vocative)
mūcrōnēs (plural vocative)

Catalan: mugró

English: mucro

Portuguese: mucrão

Perhaps individualizing n-stem derivative of a lost adjective *mūkro- (“pointed, sharp”), from a Proto-Italic *meuk-ro-, *mouk-ro-, derivative of a Proto-Indo-European root *h₂mewḱ-, also seen in Ancient Greek ἀμύσσω (amússō, “I tear, rip”), ἀμυκάλαι (amukálai, “arrowtips”), and perhaps also in Lithuanian mùšti (“strike”).

cog

A sharp point, especially the point of a sword.